I'm not surprised that Clemson is a more dominant program in Alabama. I mean, Alabama is very great. I feel like Clemson and Alabama are, you know, toe-to-toe right now. The one thing that I can point to that made Clemson, you know, so great is, I mean, the athletes, the guys that Coach Winnie recruit, he don't recruit. It's everyone.  Trevor Lawrence is a better quarterback than I was in college at that age. I don't know, we would never know, because my freshman year, I got hurt. I was doing the same thing he was doing, breaking records and, you know, winning games, big-time games. But I don't know, we would never know. So we'll see. DeAndre Hopkins is definitely the best bar receiver, you know, that's a thing. Why is that?   So he's definitely, you know, the top receiver I feel like. Yeah, me and Pat, we're boys. We've been boys since coming out of high school. You know, we, it's a friendly rival. We both want the best for each other. And then, you know, if we plan against each other, then, of course, we both want to win. But if not, then, you know, we support each other.  So definitely a fan of it.  I mean, everything, how to carry yourself.  I, you know, hopefully it's a good game. I guess if I had the pick, I mean, Ramm's 38 or 31 to Patriots 28. I'll probably say, really the MVP. I mean, the feeling that I saw, I mean, it was, it was, I think it was a passive experience to be in personal foul. It was, I don't even know. I wouldn't want to be on the New Orleans South for sure. But a lot of people wasn't happy with it, but I mean, I guess that's how the game goes sometimes. I don't know. I mean, I think they're pretty, it's pretty all solid, especially with the position I play. I'm pretty cool with it. Yeah, I'm on here on behalf of Old Spice, you know, partner with them, you know, celebrating the all new fresher collection, more surprise with Shea Butter, get it in Walmart, give, you know, man, a lot more opportunity to have, you know, body washing product.


Chapter 9 of The Jungle Girl by Gordon Casserly This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Recording by Linda Marie Nielsen, Vancouver, B.C. Tigerland Wargrey fired. His shot struck the panther, rather far back, wounding but not disabling it. It swung round to face its assailant, seeing Frank it promptly charged. The second cartridge took it in front of the shoulder, and raked its body from end to end. Coughing blood, the beast rolled over and over, biting its paws, clawing savagely at the earth, trying to rise and falling back in fury, while Frank rapidly reloaded and stepped between it and the children. But the convulsions became fewer and less violent, the limbs stiffened, the beautiful black and yellow body sank in ert to the ground. The tail twitched a little, a few tremors shook the panther, then it lay still. The subaltern turned eagerly to the children. It's Frank. Look, Eileen, it's Frank, cried Brian.  The little girl, who had sunk to the ground, struggled to her feet, and with her brother, was swept up in a joyous embrace by the subaltern. Then, bidding the boy hold on to the sleeve of the arm, carrying the gun, Wargrey started back with Eileen perched on his shoulder. As they passed the panther's body, she looked down at it and clapped her hands. He's deaded. Nasty bad dog, she cried. Striking a path through the undergrowth, the subaltern climbed down, the steep ravine that lay between the hill and the political officer's bugle. As he struggled up the steep side of the mola, he heard their mother calling the children with a note of inquietude in her voice, and he answered her with a reassuring shout. Coming up on the level behind the low stone wall of the garden, he found Mrs. Dermott and Muriel anxiously awaiting him. Mumsy! Hello, Mumsy! Here's me, Frank-shooted bad dog, cried Eileen, waving her arms and kicking her bearer violently in her excitement.  Wargrey passed the children over the wall into the anxious arms, outstretched for them, then vaulted into the garden. What has happened, Mr. Wargrave? Asked Mrs. Dermott, pressing your children to her nervously. What is this about your shooting a dog? The subaltern told the story briefly. Oh, my babies!   She overwhelmed Wargrave with her thanks, while Muriel complimented him on his promptness and presence of mind and then scolded the urchins for their disobedience in wandering away from the garden by themselves. The unrepentant pair smiled genially at her from the shelter of their mother's arms and assured her that Frankie would always take care of them. Their mother, even when she grew more composed, could not be severe after so nearly losing them, but although unwilling to terrify them by a recital of the awful fate from which the subaltern had saved them, by the nearest chance she impressed upon them again and again her off-repeated warning that they must never leave the garden alone.  Wargrave sent a servant to fetch his orderly and the detachment mochi, or cobbler, to skin the panther, the news of the death of which soon spread, so Major Hunt and Burke joined Miss Benson and the subaltern when they went to look at the body, and numbers of sea boys streamed up from the fort to view the animal, which had long been notorious in the station. Lamps had to be brought to finish the skinning of it, and the hide, when taken off, was carried in triumph to the mess compound to be cured. On the following afternoon, on the tennis court, in a corner of the parade ground, Miss Benson was left with Burke and Wargrave when Mrs. Dermott had taken her children home at sunset. You've completely won her heart, the girl said to the subaltern, pointing with her racket to the disappearing form of her friend. Nothing's too good for you for saving those precious mites, but she'll never let them out of her sight again until their big nurse returns. You mean their elephant? Well, of course, he's marvellously well-trained animal, but is he really so reliable that he can always be trusted to look after those children? Bad Shaw is something very much more than a well-trained animal. Perhaps sometime out in the jungle, you may understand why the natives regard him as sacred, and call Colonel Dermott the god of the elephants. You don't know Bad Shaw as we do. Well, old Burke here has told me some strange yarns about him, but as he's always pulling my leg, I never know when to believe him. The doctor grinned. We won't waste words on him, Captain Burke, said the girl. It's time to go home now. They escorted her to the Dermott's bungalow, where the doctor lingered for a few more minutes in her society, while Wargrave climbed up to the mess and went to look at the panther's skin, pegged out on the ground under a thick coating of ashes, and now as hard as a board after a day's exposure to the burning sun. A few days later Miss Benson left the station to rejoin her father in one of the three or four isolated wooden bungalows built to accommodate the forest officer in different parts of his district, each one lost and lonely in the silent jungle. For days after her departure, Burke was visibly depressed, and Wargrave too missed the bright and attractive girl who had enlivened the quiet little station during her stay. A fortnight later Colonel Dermott returned from Bhutan, and his gratitude to the subaltern for the rescue of his children was sincere and heartfelt. He was only too glad to take the young man out into the jungle on every possible occasion and continue his instruction in the ways of the forest. This companionship and sport was particularly beneficial to Wargrave just then, for they served to take him out of himself and raise him from the state of depression into which he was falling, thanks to Violet's letters, the tone of which was becoming more bitter each time she wrote. Her reply to his long and cheery epistle describing Rangadwar's unusual burst of ghiyati during the envoy's visit and his own rescue of the children was as follows. You do not seem to miss me much among your new friends. While I am leading a most unhappy and miserable life, here you appear to be enjoying yourself and giving little thought to me. You are lucky to have two such very beautiful ladies to make much of you, and I daresay they think you, a wonderful hero for saving the little brats, who, if they are like most children, would not be much loss. The mother seems extremely friendly to you for such a devoted wife as you try to make her out to be, or perhaps it is the girl you admire most, this marvelous young lady who shoots tigers and apparently manages the whole chari forest. You say you love me, but you do not seem to be pining very much for me, while each day that comes since you left me is a fresh agony to me, you appear to contrive to be quite happy without me. This letter stung Wargrave like the lash of a whip across the face. To do violent justice no sooner had she sent it than she regretted it, but deeply hurt as he was by the bitter words he forgave her, for he felt that her life was indeed miserable, and that he was unconsciously in a great measure to blame for its being so. But it maddened him to realize his present helplessness to alter matters. He was more than willing to sacrifice himself to help her, but it would be a long time before he could hope to save enough to pay his debts and make a home for her. Whether it was wicked or not to take away another man's wife did not occur to him, all that he knew was that a woman was unhappy and he alone could help her. It seemed to him that the sin, if sin there were, was the husband's who starved her miserable. In his distressed work and sport proved his salvation. He threw himself heart and soul into his duty, and whenever there was nothing for him to do with the detachment, Major Hunt encouraged him to go with the political officer into the jungle, for little he suspected it, the senior guest the young man's trouble and watched him sympathizingly. One never to be forgotten day, as Wargrave was returning from afternoon parade, Colonel Dermot called to him from his gate and showed him a telegram. It ran, Tiger marked down, come immediately, Dac Bungalow, Madpur Dwar, Muriel, as the subaltern perused it with the light, the Colonel said, ask your CO for leave, then, if he gives it, get something substantial to eat in the mess and be ready to start at once. Madpur Dwar is thirty odd miles away and will have to travel all night. Come to my bungalow as soon as you can. Half an hour later the two were trudging down the road to the Pilkhana carrying the rifles. Badshaw, with a how-duh rope on to his pad, plotted behind them, for it is far more comfortable to walk down a steep descent, then be carried down it by an elephant. At the foot of the hills they mounted and were borne away into the gathering shadows of the long road through the forest, as they proceeded their talk was all of tigers, for in India, though there be bigger and more splendid game in the land, its traditional animal never fails to interest, and to war grave on his way to his first tiger shoot, all other topics were insignificant. The sun went down and darkness settled on the forest. The talk died away and no sound was heard but the soft padding of their elephants huge feet in the dust of the road. The subaltern soon found the how-duh infinitely more trying than a seat on the pad when Badshaw was in motion, for the plunging gait of the animal jerked him backwards and forwards and threw him against the wooden rails, if he forgot to hold himself at arm's length from them. The discomfort spoiled his appreciation of the strange, attractive experience of being borne by night through the sleepless forest, where in the dark hours only the bird and the monkey repose, and even to them the creeping menace of the climbing snake affrights the one and the wheeling shapes of the night flying birds of prey scare the other. But on the ground all are awake. The glimmering whiteness of the road was occasionally blotted by the scurrying forms of animals, hunted and hunters, dashing across it, once a tiny shriek in the distance broke the silence of the jungle. A wild elephant, said Colonel Dermott, then followed the loud crashing of rinding boughs and falling trees. That's a herd feeding. They graze until about ten o'clock, and then sleep on well into the small hours, wake and begin to feed again at dawn, continued the political officer. Once a wild, unearthly wailing cry that seemed to come from every direction at once startled the subaltern. Good heavens, what's that? he exclaimed, gripping his rifle and trying to pierce the darkness around them. Only a giant owl was the reply. It's an uncanny noise. There! Right over their heads it rang out again, and the stars above them were blotted out for a moment by a dark circling shape above the tree tops. Hour after hour went by as they were born along through the night, and war grey bruised and battered by the how-done brails fell constantly against them, so overcome with sleep was he. At last to his relief his companion called a halt for a few hours rest, and they brought the elephant to his knees, dismounted and stripped him of the how-done and pad. Sitting on the ladder they sobbed on sandwiches and coffee from thermos flasks, and then stretched themselves to sleep, while bad Shaw standing over them grazed on the grasses and branches within reach. Wargrave was dropping off to sleep when he was roused by the sharp, stick-cattle bark of a cacker-buck repeated several times. The tired man lost consciousness and was sunk in profound slumber when the silence of the forest was shattered by a snorkeling braying roar that rang through the jungle with alarming suddenness. Wargrave sprang up and groped for his rifle, but his companion lay tranquilly on the pad. It's all right, it's only a tiger that's missed his spring and is angry about it, he said sleepily, lie down again.  Yes, but bad Shaw will look after us. Don't worry, and the Colonel turned over and fell asleep. It was a little time, however, before Frank followed his example, and he had his rifle under his hand when he did, but the dark bulk of the elephant towering over them comforted him as he sank to sleep. A couple of hours later they were on their way again. It was broad daylight before they emerged from the jungle. It seemed strange to be out once more in the wide stretching open and cultivated plains, and to look back on the great forest and, beyond it, to the mountain's towering to the sky. Before them lay the flat expanse of the hedgeless fertile fields dotted here and there, with clusters of trimly-built huts, or thick groves of bamboos, and seamed with the lines of deep mullas, the tops of the trees in them barely showing above the level and marking their winding course. The dark bungalow at Magpur Dwar was soon reached. A single storied building with a couple of trees shading the well behind it, and a group of elephants and their mahouts. On the veranda Benson and his daughter were standing. The girl dressed in a khaki-drill coat and a skirt over breeches and soft leather gaiters, and waving a welcome to Badshah's riders. After hurried breakfast, the latter were ready to start for the day's sport. By then a line of ten female elephants, the tallest carrying a howda, the rest only their paths, was drawn up before the bungalow, and a word from their mahouts. Their trunks went up in the air and the animals trumpeted in salute as the party came out on the veranda. We borrowed Mr. Carter's and the settlement officer's elephants for the beat, said Miss Benson, as wearing a big pith sun-hat and carrying a double-barrowed four-hundred cordite rifle. She led the way down the veranda steps. It had been arranged that she was to take war-grave with her in her howda, while her father accompanied Colonel Dermot on Badshah. Her big elephant knelt down, and a ladder was laid against its side, up which she climbed, followed by the sabaltern. When all were mounted, she led the way across the plain. Although the ground was everywhere level, and just there uncultivated the elephants tailed off in single file, as is the habit of their kind, wild or domesticated, each stepping with precise care into the footprints of the one in front of it. Here in the plains the heat was intense, and war-grave, shading his eyes from the blinding glare, thought enviously of the coolness up in the mountains that he had left. As they moved along, Muriel explained to him how the beat was to be conducted. When the southern fringe of the Tarai Jungle borders the cultivated country, it is a favorite haunt of tigers, which from its shelter carry on a war against the farmer's cattle. Creeping down the ravines, seaming the soft soil and worn by the streams that flow through the forest from the hills, they pull down the cows grazing or coming to drink in the mullas, which are filled with small trees and scrubs, affording good cover. A tiger, when it is killed, drags a carcass of its prey into shade near water, eats a hearty meal of about eighty pounds of flesh, drinks and then sleeps until it is ready to feed again. If disturbed, it retreats up the ravine to the forest. So beating for one with elephants here, the sportsmen place themselves on their houda-bearing animals between the jungle and the spot where the tiger is known to be lying up, and the beader elephants enter the scrub from the far side and shepherd him gently towards the guns, pointing to a distant line of treetops showing above the level plain, she said, there is the mulla in which, about a mile farther on, a cow was killed yesterday. I hope the beader is still lying up in it. We'll soon see. They reached the ravine, which was twenty or thirty feet deep, and contained a little stream flowing through tangled scrub, and moved along parallel to it and about a couple hundred yards away. Presently the girl pointed to a tree growing in it, and a quarter of a mile ahead of them. Its upper branches were bending under the weight of numbers of foul-looking bald-headed vultures, squawking, huddled together, jostling each other on their perches and pecking angrily at their neighbors with irritable cries. Some circled in the air and occasionally swooped down towards the ground, only to rock it up again, affrightedly to the sky. For the tiger lay by its kill, and resented the approach of any daring bird that aspired to share the feast. Muriel hurriedly explained how the conduct of the birds indicated the beast's presence. If he were not there they'd be down tearing the carcass to pieces, she said, as she held up her hand and halted the foul behind her. The beater elephants had better stop here, Colonel. She called out to Dermot. There is a way down and across the mulla, by which you can take Badshaw to the far side. We will remain on this. The political officer, who was seen and realized the significance of the vultures, waved his hand and moved off at once. Muriel called up the mahoutts and bade them enter the ravine and begin the beat in about ten minutes, then told her driver to go on. Half a mile beyond the tree she ordered him to halt and take up a position close to the edge of the mulla, in which they could look down. Below them the victim was clear of scrub, which ended fifty years away. Dermot stopped opposite, and both elephants were turned to face towards the spot where the tiger was judged to be. Mr. Wargrave, get to the front of the houda and be ready, she said in a low tone. The subaltern protested shiverously against taking the best place. Oh, it's all right. We've brought you out to get the tiger, so you must do, as you're told. If he breaks out this side, take the first shot, she said preemptively. He submitted and took up his position with cocked rifle. As the mulla wound a good deal the tops of the trees in it prevented them from seeing if the beater elephants had gone in. But in a few minutes they heard distant shouts and the crashing of the undergrowth as the big animals forced their way through the scrub. Be ready, Mr. Wargrave, whispered the girl. Sometimes the tiger starts on the run at the first sound. His nerves quiver and his heart beating violently the subaltern held his rifle at the ready as the noise of the beaters drew nearer. Again and again he brought the butt to his shoulder only to lower it when he realized that it was a false alarm. The sounds of the beat grew louder and closer and still there was no sign of the tiger. Frank's heart sank. He saw the vultures stir uneasily and some rise in the air as the elephants passed under them. At last through the trees he began to catch occasional glimpses of the malhoots and he lost hope. But suddenly from the scrub below them in the mulla a number of small birds flew up and the next instant the edge of the bushes nearest them was parted stealthily and a tiger slunk cautiously out in the bottom of the ravine. Wargrave's rifle went up to his shoulder and he fired. A startled roar from the beast told that it was hit but it bounded in a flash across the ravine and up the steep bank on the other side. On their side not 40 yards from them as it scrambled swiftly over the edge it caught sight of the elephant and with a deep whoa charge straight at it. Frank fired again and his bullet struck up the dust missing the swift rushing animal by a couple of feet. The next moment with a roar the tiger sprang at the elephant with one leap it landed with its hind paws on the elephant's head. It's four feet on the front rail of the howda standing right over the malhoot who crouched in terror on the neck. The savage snarling yellow and black mask was thrust almost into Wargrave's face and from the open red mouth lined with fierce white fangs he could feel the hot breath on his cheek as he tugged frantically at the under lever of his rifle to open the breach and reload. In another moment the tiger would have been on top of them in the howda when a gun barrel shot past the subaltern and pushed him aside. The muzzle of Muriel's rifle was pressed almost against the brute skull as she fired. Frank hardly heard the report. All he knew was that the snarling face disappeared as quickly as it had come. The whole thing was an affair of seconds. Shot through the brain the tiger dropped back to the ground with a heavy thud and fell dead beside the staunch elephant which had never moved all through the terrible ordeal. A cry of relief and a prayer to Allah burst from the gray bearded Mohammedan Mahout as he straightened himself and Wargrave turned with glowing face and outstretched hand to the girl. Oh well done! Splendidly done! he cried. You saved me from being lugged bodily out of the howda or at least from being mauled. This lever jammed and I couldn't reload.  Wasn't it thrilling? I thought he'd have both of us. Then to the Mahout she continued in Urdu. Good Dad, are you hurt? The man was solemnly feeling himself all over. He stared at a rent in the shoulder of his coat torn by the tiger's claw. It was the only injury that he had suffered. He put his finger on it and grumbled. Missy Baba, the Chattin Devil, has torn my coat. In their reaction from the strain the girl and Wargrave went off in peals of laughter at his words. But are you not wounded? Miss Benson repeated. Has it not clawed you? The Mahout shook his head. No, Missy Baba, but it was my new coat. He insisted. Frank looked down at the tiger's stretch motionless on the yellow grass.  She stared down at the animal. Yes, but it's well to be careful. I've seen a tiger look as dead as that, and yet spring up and maul a man who approached it unconsciously, she said. She raised her rifle and covered the prostate animal. Throw something at it, she continued. Wargrave took out a couple of heavy copper case cartridges and flung them one by one at the tiger's head, striking it on the jaw and in the eye the animal did not move. Seems dead enough, said the girl lowering her rifle. Here come the beaters. The other elephants had now burst out in line through the scrub. Their Mahout showed it inquiries to go ahead, and when they heard of the tiger's death cheered clearfully. For it meant back sheesh to them. Bad Shaw was seen to be searching for a way down into the muller, and in a few minutes brought his passengers up alongside Miss Benson and the subaltern. Her father and Dermot congratulated the girl warmly, and later, having made Bad Shaw kick the tiger to make certain that it was dead, dismounted and examined it. Here's your shot, Wargrave, he said, pointing to a hole in the belly. A bit too low, but it made a nasty wound that would have killed the beast eventually. I'm so ashamed of missing it with my second barrel, sir, said the subaltern, but for Miss Benson I'd have been a gone coon. Yes, it certainly looked exciting enough from our side of the muller, said the Colonel, smiling. So what must it have been like from where you were? Well, anyhow, it's your tiger. Oh, nonsense, sir, it's Miss Benson's.  Jungle Law, Mr. Wargrave, said the girl, laughing. You hit it first, so it's your beast. You needn't be ashamed of missing it, added the Colonel. A charging tiger coming full speed at you is not an easy mark. No, the skin is yours, and Muriel has so many that she can spare it. Well, Miss Benson, I accept it as a gift from you, but I won't acknowledge that I earned it, said the subaltern. Now we'd better pad it and see about getting back, said Dermot, looking at his watch. The other elephants had now found their way up the bank and joined Badshaw and his companion. When their mahouts heard from Gul-Dad the story of the tiger's death they exclaimed an amazement and admiration. I'll reach high, oh brother. Truly the Missy Baba is a wonder. She will be the death of many tigers, indeed, they said. Then each intern brought the elephant up to the prostrate animal and made her smell and strike it with her trunk in order to inspire her with contempt for tigers. Colonel Dermot measured it with a tape and found it to be nine feet six inches from nose to tip of tail. It was a young fully grown male in splendid condition, then came the troublesome business of padding it, that is, hoisting it on the pad of one of the elephants to bring it back to the bungalow to be skinned. It was not an easy matter, for the tiger weighed nearly three hundred and fifty pounds, and to raise the limp carcass which sagged like a feather bed at every spot where there was not a man to support it was a difficult task, but it was achieved at last, and with the tiger rope firmly on a pad the elephant started back in single file. As they went over the plain in the burning sun Wargrave looked back to where the straight body was born along with stiff dangling legs. By Jove, it's been great, Miss Benson, he exclaimed. Some people say tiger shooting's not exciting. They ought to have been with us today. I am lucky to have got a bison already, and now to have seen this. With luck I'll be having a shot at an elephant next. The girl replied in a serious tone. Don't say that to Colonel Dermot. Elephants are his special friends. Besides, you're only allowed to shoot rogues, and since he's been here there have been none in these jungles which formerly swarmed with them. There's no doubt that he has a wonderful uncanny level over even wild elephants.  Good gracious, is that so? Yes, I could tell you every things about his power over elephants, but some day when you're in the jungle with him, you may see it for yourself. Oh, isn't it hot? I do wish we were home. Arrived at the deck, bungalow, the tiger's carcass was lowered to the ground and given over to the knives of the flares summoned from the bazaar of mapper Dwar away. As soon as the news was known in the small town crowds of Hindu women streamed to the bungalow compound where their saris, shawls pulled modestly across their brown faces by rounded arms, tinkling with glass bangles, they squatted on the ground and waited patiently until the skin was drawn clear off the raw red carcass. Then crowded around a couple of the older mahouts who first cutting off all the firm white fat of the well-fed cattle thief to be melted down for oil esteemed to be a sovereign remedy for rheumatism hacked the flesh into chunks which they then threw into the eager hands of the women. These took the meat home to cook for their husbands to eat, to instill into them the spirit and vigor of a tiger. The skin spread out and pegged to the ground was covered with wood ashes and left to dry. Little of the animal was left but the bones to the disappointment of the wheeling whistling kites waiting on soaring wings in the sky above. After tea the two officers took their leave with many expressions of gratitude from the younger man to the girl for her kindness in arranging the beat for him. Hours afterwards as they halted in the forest for a rest in the middle of the night Colonel Dermott said you told me once that you'd like a job like mine, Wargrave. Would you care for frontier work here? I'd love it sir would it be possible to get it? Well I've been thinking for some time of applying to the government of India for an assistant political officer who would help me and take over if I went on leave but I'd want to train my own man and not merely accept any youngster who was pitchforked into the department just because he had a father or an uncle with a pole at Simla now if you'd like I'll apply for you on condition that you'll work at Bhutanese and the frontier dialects I'll teach them to you I'd like nothing better sir I'm not bad at languages yes I've noticed that your Hindustani is very good and idiomatic I've been watching you and I like your manner with natives one must be sympathetic kind and just but also firm with them well I'll try you the rainy season will be on us very soon and then all outdoor work and sport will be impossible one dare not go into the jungle with malaria and black water fever the planters and forest officers have to cage themselves in wire gauze mosquito houses during the rains you'll have plenty of time to work at the languages thank you very much Colonel I promise you I'll go at them hard you'll have a fellow student for part of the time with us during the monsoons for a bit and she asked me to teach her boot knees too she wants it as she has to deal with butia woodcutters and hill folk generally well that's fixed good night good night sir answered the subaltern as he laid down on the pad and stared at the stars he was overjoyed at Colonel Dermot's offer and as he dropped asleep it was with a thrill of pleasure that he realized he would see something more of the girl who had been his companion that day end of chapter 9 chapter 10 of the jungle girl by Gordon Casserly this Liber Vox recording is in the public domain recording by Linda Marie Nielsen Vancouver BC a political officer in the making the lightning spattered the heavens and tore the black sky into a thousand fragments the thunder crashed in appalling peels of terrifying sound which echoed again and again from the invisible mountains the rain fell in ropes of water that sent the brown foam fleck torrents surging full-fled down every gully and ravine in the mist-wrapped hills the single steep road of Ranga Dwarre was now the rocky bed of a racing flood inches deep that swirled and raged brown wargraves high rubber boots as he waded up clad in an oil-skin coat off which the rain splashed he was glad to arrive at the garden gate turn in through it climb the Randa steps and reach his door here he flunked aside his coat and kicked off the heavy boots entering his room he pulled on his slippers filled his pipe with tobacco from a lime dried bottle and sat down at one rickety table at the window then he took out of his pocket and laid before him a manuscript book filled with notes on the frontier dialects taken at the lesson with Colonel Dermott from which he had just come he opened it mechanically but did not even glance at it his thoughts were elsewhere months had elapsed since the day on which he had first seen his first tiger killed not long afterwards the rains had come to put a stalk to descents into the jungle but his interest in the preparation for his new work compensated him for the imprisonment within the walls by the terrible tropical storms and the never-ceasing downpour he had flung himself enthusiastically into the study of the frontier languages of which Colonel Dermott proved to be a painstaking and able teacher Miss Benson who had returned to Ranguidwar and remained there longer than she had originally intended owing to fever contracted in the jungle joined him in these studies and astonished her fellow pupil by her aptitude and quickness of apprehension but her presence proved disastrous to him thrown constantly together as they were spending hours every day side by side the subaltern realized to his dismay that he was falling in love with the girl it would have been strange had it been otherwise so pretty and attractive was she often Mrs. Dermott peeping into her husband's office and seeing the dark and the fair head bent close together over a book smiled to herself well pleased at the thought of her favorites being mutually attracted to her husband the thought never occurred men are very dull in these matters but to war grave the realization of the truth was unbearable he was pledged to another woman whose heart he had won even if unconsciously who was willing for love of him to give up everything and face the world's censor and scorn he could not play her false he had given her his word not now be disloyal to her without utterly wrecking all her chances of happiness in life and dishonoring himself forever in his own eyes Muriel Benson had left the station ten days ago to rejoin her father and war grave had instantly felt that he dared not see her again until he was irrevocably and openly down to Violet so he had written to her on the moral of the girl's departure and without giving her the real reason for his action begged her to come to him at once in closing as he was now able to do a check for her expenses it seemed to him that only by her presence could he be saved from being a traitor to his word as soon as he had sent the letter he went to his commanding officer and told him everything it was not until he was actually explaining his conduct that he realized that he should have obtained his permission before inviting Violet to come for major hunt as commandant of the station had the power to forbid her residing or even entering it the senior officer listened in silence when the subaltern had finished he said I've known about this matter since you came war grave your colonel wrote me as your new CO what I considered an unnecessary and unfair letter giving me the reason of you being sent here but Hepburn who I know slightly discovered I was here and also wrote explaining matters more fully and I think more justly the subaltern looked at him in surprise but his face brightened at the knowledge of his former commander's kindness now war grave we've got on very well together so far you and I I have always been satisfied with your work and was happy to help you by agreeing to Colonel Dermot's application for you I believe that you will make a good political officer otherwise I wouldn't have done so even though I'm your debtor for saving me from that snake oh major that was nothing broke in the subaltern anyone would have done it yes I know but it happened that you were alone now I'm going to talk to you as your friend and not as your commanding officer frankly I am very sorry for what you have just told me I was hoping that time and separation were curing you and the lady of your folly believe me only unhappiness and misery can come to you both from it perhaps sir but I'm found in honor the older man shook his head sadly is honor the word for it I'll make a confession to you war grave you consider me a bachelor well I'm not married now but I was when I was a young subaltern I was thrown much with a married woman older than myself I was flattered that she should take any notice of me for she was handsome and popular with men while I was a shy awkward boy she said she was being a mother to me you know what a married woman mothering boys leads to in India she used to tell me how misunderstood she was neglected mated to a clown and all that frank who read at certain memories women have a regular formula when they're looking for sympathy they've no right to I pitied her I felt that her husband ought to be shot looking back now I see that he was just the ordinary easygoing indifferent individual that most husbands become but then I deemed him a tyrant and a brute well I ran away with her he paused and past his hand wearily across his brow there was the usual scandal divorce damages and costs that plundered me into debt I'm not out of yet we may read in a year we were heartily sick of each other hated is nearer the truth she consoled herself with other men I protested we quarreled again and again at last we agreed to separate and I insisted on her going to England and staying there I couldn't trust her in India living in lodgings and base water boarding houses wasn't amusing she got bored but I wouldn't have her back she took to drinking and ran up debts that I had to pay then and I selfishly felt glad but it was a happy release for both she died drank herself to death now you know why I'd be sorry that another man should follow the path I trod silent war grey felt an intense sympathy for this quiet kindly man whose life had been a tragedy he had guessed from the first that his senior officer has some ever present grief weighing on his soul he would have given much to be able to utter words of consolation but he did not know what and spoke again you must dre your own weird war grave if the lady wishes to come here well I shall not prevent her but the general when he knows of it will not permit her to remain but you have to deal with Colonel Dermott you had better tell him you might go now without a word of all turn left the bungalow he went straight to the political officer and repeated his story Colonel Dermott did not interrupt him but when he had finished said I have no right and no wish to interfere with your private life war grave nor to offer you advice as to how to lead it your work is all that I can claim to criticize with Major Hunt the difficulty that will arise over the ladies remaining in this small station where her presence must be known to the staff if you are both resolved on taking this irretrievable step it would be wiser to defer it until you were elsewhere I don't offer to blame either of you for I don't know enough to judge well sir I perhaps you won't want me under you and Mrs. Dermott you might not wish me to stammer the subaltern standing miserably before him oh yes you'll make a good political officer none the less said the Colonel Smiling and you need not be afraid of my wife turning away with horror if she can be a friend to the lady she will as for you well you saved our children war grave he laid his hand on the young man's shoulder you are our friend for life I shall not repeat your story to my wife perhaps someday you may like to tell it to her yourself war grave tried to thank him but failed and picking up his hat went out into the rain that was days ago and no answer had come from Violet so that the subaltern lived in a state of strain an anxious expectation indeed some weeks have passed since her last letter as usual an unhappy one and sitting staring out gray world of falling rain turned to flame every minute by the vivid lightning he wracked his brains to guess the reason of her silence a jangle of bells sounded through the storm glancing out war grave saw a curiously grotesque figure climb the veranda steps from the garden and stands shaking itself while the water poured from it it was an almost naked man squat and sturdy limbed with glistening wet brown skin an oil skin covered package on his back a short spear hung with bells in his hand it was the postman for a miserable pittance he jogged up and down the mountains in fine weather or fowl passing his majesty's mails passing fearlessly through the jungle in peril of wild beasts his ridiculous weapon the bells of which were supposed to frighten tigers his only protection war grave opened the door and went out to him the man grinned unslung and opened his parcel from it he took out a handful of letters handed them to the subaltern and went on to knock at Burke's door with his correspondence Frank returned to his room with the mail which contained the official letters for the detachment of which he was still acting as adjunct he threw them aside when he saw an envelope with Vinus handwriting on it accurately to his surprise the letter was addressed from a hotel in Pune the large and gay military and civil station in the west of India a few hours real journey inland from Bombay he skimmed through it rapidly she wrote that utterly weary of the dullness of Rohar she had gone to Pune for a long time she was a very humble seasoned there and was now reveling in the many dances dinners, theatricles and other gayities of the lively station everybody was very kind to her especially the men she was invited to the private entertainments at government house and his excellency and she had been asked to take one of the leading parts in the country girl to be produced by the amateur dramatic society she had two excellent ponies with which to hunt and to join in Gimahannas she wished Frank could be with her but probably he was enjoying himself more with his wild beasts as to his proposal that she should go to him at once in that little station he must have been mad when he made it for had they not discussed the matter thoroughly and decided they must wait she presumed that he had not suddenly come into a fortune from his description of Rangadwar and its inhabitants it could be no place for her under the circumstances no there was nothing to do but wait besides it was so very jolly now at Puna Frank must not be an impatient boy and she sent him all her love his check she had torn up the subaltern whistled read the letter again carefully folded and put it away what had come to Violet this was so unlike her still she had to confess to himself that she was relieved at not yet having to cross the rubicon perhaps she was right it might be better to wait he was glad to know that for a time at least she was away from the uncongenial surroundings of Rohar and again enjoying life he went through the official correspondence shoved it in his pocket put on coat and boots and splashed through the water down the road to the commanding officers bungalow when they had discussed the official letters and drafted answers to them wargrave told major hunt of the gist that's reply the senior officer nodded but said nothing about it and went on to talk of other matters next day the subaltern informed colonel Dermot who made no comment and did not refer to the matter again his wife ignorant of mrs. Norton's existence delighted to talk to wargrave about Muriel to him dangerous though it was to his peace of mind his thoughts were constantly with the girl and he sought eagerly for news of her when occasional letters came to mrs. Dermot from her touring their wide forest district with her father frank had never been able to fathom Burke's feelings towards her the Irishman's manner to her in public was always light-hearted and cheerfully friendly but the subaltern suspected that it concealed a deeper warmer feeling he betrayed no jealousy of frank's constant companionship with her when she took part in his studies and his friendly regard for his younger brother officer never altered on her side the girl showed openly that she shared the universal liking that the kindly peasant nature doctor inspired the weary months of the rainy season dragged by but the subaltern spent them to advantage under Colonel Dermot's tuition and possessing the knack of readily acquiring foreign languages made rapid progress with Bhutanese Tibetan and the frontier dialects his good ear from music helping him greatly in getting the correct accent another accomplishment of his a talent for acting was of service for the political officer wished him to be capable of penetrating into Bhutan of his eyes, if need be so he taught him how to be a merchant peasant, nobleman's retainer or a llama red or yellow of the country but always a man of northern Bhutan and the Tibetan borderland for his height and blue eyes were not usual there though seldom or never seen in the south Frank was carefully instructed in the appropriate manners customs and expressions of each part that he played how to eat and behave in company how to walk sit and sleep but he specialized as a llama for in that character he would meet with the least interference in the priest ridden country he was taught the Buddhist chants and how to drone them how to carry his praying wheel and finger a rosary to the murmured Om Mani Pa Mi Hung of the Tibetans and for he was something of an artist how to paint the Buddhist pictorial wheel of life did Pa Yi Kor Lo or cycle of existence that the gentle Gua Tama the Buddha himself drew first and that hangs in the vestibule of every Lama Sari to teach priest and layman the leading law of their religion rebirth Colonel Dermot was helped in his instruction of his pupil by his chief spy and confidential messenger an ex-monk from a great monastery in Pukkana the capital of Bhutan this man Tashi before he wearied of the cloistered life and fled to India had been always one of the principal actors in the great miracle plays and devil dances of his Lama Sari for he was gifted with considerable hystronic talent he delighted in teaching Wargrave to play his various roles for he found the subaltern an apt pupil as soon as the reigns ended the political officer began to take his disciple with him on his tours and patrols along the frontier along they roamed on Badshah among the mountains on which the border ran in a confusedly irregular line sometimes with or without Tashi they crossed into Bhutan in disguise and watered among the steep forest-clad hills and deep unhealthy valleys seemed with rivers there rose in a few hours thirty or forty feet Wargrave marveled at the engineering skill of the inhabitants who with rude and imperfect appliances had thrown cantilever bridges over the deep porges of this mountainous southern zone among the dull-witted peasants in the villages he practiced the parts that he had learned speaking little at first and taking care to mingle Tibetan and Chinese words with the language of Bhutan to keep up the fable of his northern birth he soon promised to be in time as skillful in disguise as his tutor Colonel Dermott was anxious to investigate the activities of the Chinese and Ben reputed to reach their height in the territory just across the Indian border ruled by the Tuna Palope and lying west of the Black Mountain Range that divides Bhutan this great feudal chieftain was reputed to be completely under the influence of Wan Shi Hung and both anti-British and disloyal to his overlord the Mara Ja or Sangha Penalp the close watch that his martyrdoms kept on the stretch of frontier between his territories and India prevented Dermott from learning what went on behind the scene for the spies of the political officers' secret screens could not penetrate it and bring back news Wargrief was present when the last sturdy limbed Boutia Emissary reported his failure to cross the line as the man withdrew the Colonel turned to Frank and said we go ourselves I wanted to avoid it if possible for it wouldn't do for me to be caught not only because it would cause political complications for I'm not supposed to trespass on Boutini's territory uninvited but also because fatal accidents might happen to us if Yaon Shi Hung and his friends get hold of us I'm not anxious to die yet be ready to start at midnight do you really think we'll be able to get through sir queried the subaltern how shall we do it wait and see before the sun rose next day Bhav Shah was deep in the forest bearing the two officers and Tashi on his back he moved rapidly along animal paths through the jungle into a direction paralleled with the mountains jungle fell word up from under his feet deer crashed away through the undergrowth as he passed but never a shot was fired at them the rifles and guns were in the rider's hands little brown monkeys peeped down at them from the tree tops or kept leaping away along the air lanes among the leafy branches swinging by hand springing across the voids the babies clutching fast to their mother's bodies in the dizzy flights in the afternoon a distant crashing was told of trees falling before the pressure of great heads and the weight of huge bodies made war grave ask wild elephants sir Dermot nodded sounds as if they were right on the path shall we see them yes don't touch that said the colonel sharply for the excited subaltern who had never yet seen a wild herd was reaching for his rifle war grave obeyed remembering Miss Benson's remark on the political officers love of the great animals soon unmistakable signs showed they were on the track of a herd in presently Frank site of a slate colored body in the undergrowth then another and another as he was wondering how the animals would receive them bad shot emerged on an open glade filled with elephants of all ages and sizes from newborn woolly cows for three feet at the shoulder to splendid tuskers nine feet ten inches in height and lean ragged eared old animals a hundred and thirty years of age all were regarding the newcomer and their trunks were raised to point towards him well from their throats came a low purring sound which appeared to the subaltern to have more of pleasure than menace in it instead of seeming hostile or alarmed they behaved as though they had expected and were welcoming their domesticated brother this was so evident that Frank felt no fear even when they closed in on bad shot and touched him with their trunks Dermot smiling at his companions amazement said this is bad shot's old herd wargrave and they're used to him and me I've come in search of them for it is by their aid that I propose to enter Bhutan and the subaltern was still more surprised when the animals which numbered over a hundred fell in behind bad shot cows with calves leading tuskers in rear and followed him submissively in single file as he headed for the mountains when night fell they were climbing above the foothills under the vivid tropic stars a couple of hours before midnight the leader halted and the line behind him scattered to feed on the bamboo and the luscious grasses even though the younger cows nuzzled their mother's breast bad shot sank to his knees to allow his passengers to dismount and relieve him of his pad three men ate and then wrapped themselves in their blankets for it was very cold high up in the mountains and stretch themselves to sleep the great animals around them cease to feed and rested bad shot lowered himself cautiously to the ground and lay down near his men before war grave lost consciousness he marveled at dermits uncanny power over the huge beasts around them a power that could make the shy mammoths thus subservient to his purposes he began to understand why his companion was regarded as a demigod by the wild jungle folk and hill dwellers when at daybreak the herd moved on again climbing over higher in the mountains the three men lay flat on bad shots back and covered themselves with their great blankets less intelligent watchers on the peaks around might spy them thus do the mal hoots of the kookies or trained female elephants employed in hunting and snaring wild puskers concealed themselves during the chase but darkness shielded them effectively when the herd swept at length through a rocky pass on the frontier between india and butan and with cries of fear and dismay our men seated around watchfires fled in panic before the earth shaking host the screen was penetrated daylight found them on the banks of a broad swift flowing river in a valley between the range of mountains through which they had passed and a line of still more formidable and snow-clad peaks the elephants swam the wide and rushing water for all land animals their kind are the best swimmers the tiniest babies were supported by the trunks of their mothers on to whose backs older calves climbed and were thus carried across without stopping the herd plunged into the awful passes of the next range of which they were not clear until the evening of the following day then they halted in dance forest next morning dermit took from the pockets of bad shah's pad the dresses and other things that they needed for their disguises and instead of replacing the pad concealed it carefully then he said we'll leave our escort here for grave and carry on by ourselves for we are not far from inhabited and cultivated country and indeed fairly near the jong castle of our enemy Penelope of Tuna the wild elephants were feeding all around paying no heed to them the colonel turned to bad shah and pointing to the ground said one word raho remain then he continued to war grave we'll find them or they'll find us whenever we return an hour later two elderly llamas in soiled yellow robes and horn rim spectacles followed by a lame cooley carrying their scanty possessions emerged rosary and praying wheel in hand from the forest into the cultivated country for some weeks they wanted unsuspected through the Tuna palps dominions even penetrated into his own jong where they were entertained and their prayer solicited by his cutthroat retainers they learned enough to realize that the amban was endeavoring by the free supply of arms and military instructors to form here the nucleus of a trained force to be employed eventually against India backed up by reinforcements of Chinese troops and contingents from other part of buten their investigations completed they returned safely to the forest in which they had left the herd and much to Wargrave's relief they had not been many hours camped on the spot where they had parted with them when Badshah and his wild companions appeared the spies returned to India as they had come unseen and unsuspected this excursion was but the first of many that Wargrave made with the general and the herd he soon began to know almost every member of it and make friends not only with the solemn but friendly little cows but even with their less trusting mothers he was now thoroughly at home in the jungle and no longer needed a tutor in sport his one room in the mess began to be overcrowded by the trophies of his skill with the rifle other tiger skins had joined the first and although he had not secured a second bison several good heads of sambar kakur and cheetool or spotted deer hung on his white washed stone walls thus with sport and work more fascinating than sport months slipping by from Raymond he learned that Violet had returned to Rohar before she wrote herself when she did she seemed to be in a brighter and more affectionate as well as calmer mood than she had been before her visit to Pune but gradually her letters became less and less frequent and Frank began to wonder with a little sense of guilty and hoped if she were beginning to forget him Christmas came and with it coming Rangodwar woke again to life besides the Benson's and Carter who now brought his wife Mrs. Dermott's brother a subaltern in an Indian cavalry regiment and five planters old friends of his from the district in which he had once been a planter himself came to spend Christmas in the small station Major Hans Bunklow and the mess took in the overflow from the political officer's house Brian and Arlene had the gayest happiest time of their little lives presents were heaped on them Muriel and Frank invited them into all the lights of their first Christmas tree and Burke introduced them to a real punch and Judy show on Christmas day Bad Shaw his neck encircled with a garland of flowers procured from the planes was led up solemnly by his seldom seen Mahoot to present Colonel Dermott with a gilded lime and receive in return a present of silver rupees which passed into the possession of the said Mahoot then he was fed with dainties by the children and Arlene insisted on being tossed aloft by the curved trunk to the detriment of her starch party frock the weather was appropriate to season cold and bright and although no snow fell so low down it froze at night so that the Europeans could indulge in the luxury in India of gathering around blazing wood fires after dinner all young and old thoroughly enjoyed this almost English like Christmas all but one Burke's attentions to Muriel became more marked and more full of meaning than they had ever been before and it was patent that he intended to put his fate to the touch during this visit of hers he did so without success it seemed for before she left there was an evident sense of constraint between them and they tried to avoid sitting beside each another or being left alone together even for a moment shortly after the departure of the visitors Burke contrived to effect an exchange to another station to the regret of all in the little outpost and he was replaced by a young Scots surgeon named McDonald his opposite in every way End of Chapter 10


Quantum Mechanics QM, also known as quantum physics. Quantum theory, the wave-mechanical model, or matrix mechanics including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles. Classical physics, the physics existing before quantum mechanics, describes nature at ordinary macroscopic scale. Most theories in classical physics can be derived from quantum mechanics as an approximation valid at large macroscopic scale. Quantum mechanics differs from classical physics in that energy, momentum, angular momentum and other quantities of a system are restricted to discrete values. Quantization objects have characteristics of both particles and waves, weighing particle duality and there are limits to the precision with which quantities can be measured uncertainty principle. Quantum mechanics gradually arose from theories to explain observations which could not be reconciled with classical physics, such as Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black body radiation problem, and from the correspondence between energy and frequency in Albert Einstein's 1905 paper which explained the photoelectric effect. Early quantum theory was profoundly reconceived in the mid-1920s by Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heiseberg, Max Born and others. The modern theory is formulated in various specially developed mathematical formalisms. In one of them, the mathematical function, the wave function, provides information about the probability amplitude of position, momentum, and other physical properties of a particle. Important applications of quantum theory include quantum chemistry, quantum optics, quantum computing, superconducting magnets, light emitting diodes, and the laser, the transistor and semiconductors such as a microprocessor, medical and research imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and electron microscopy. Explanations for many biological and physical phenomena are rooted in the nature of the chemical bond, most notably the macromolecule DNA.


e proposals that were enacted in the Scotland Act 2012. The remit of the fiscal commission will expand to take into account other developments. I should add that we are not just waiting until September about the issues—the route to legislation will start before the summer recess, where there will be the publication of a consultation paper on the fiscal commission, so all of those issues can be properly considered in that context. I agree with most of what you said, cabinet secretary, but I just want, even though there is a shadow period on April 2016, is there not some work that they could usually be doing in advance of that? Certainly, there can be. It was always in business that there would be further developments of their responsibilities, as we have more responsibilities. I think that I have taken the view that it was important that we got our preparation for the new taxes absolutely correct. We did that with the fiscal commission and we have worked our way through that, and they have now given us two accreditations of our headline forecast. It is the same approach that we have taken with Revenue Scotland, and I have been pleased that I have advised the convener this morning that I have now had clearance from the Intergovernmental Assurance Board that Revenue Scotland is ready to assume its practical functions for the first of April, which I am delighted about, and I have announced that publicly this morning. Exactly as I expected would be the case, so we take those steps in an orderly fashion to introduce the taxes as they were devolved to us. You mentioned Revenue Scotland, and I have seen your press release this morning or late yesterday. Without getting into too many technical details, what you have said today, basically saying all the computer testing and the stuff that we heard about as a committee in December, is that your sort of view that all of that has happened, has been signed off, while they do not need to start next week, if they had to? They are good to go? Or is that something else that you are saying? What I am saying is that the plans that we have in place have now had clearance from the Intergovernmental Assurance Board that all necessary preparations are now in place, and arrangements can be made to introduce the devolved taxes. That is me getting to the formal sign-off of saying that you can switch off the old taxes at the end of financial year, and we will switch on the new ones, and we are ready to do that. As more powers come in, do you have a view on which tax or extra power should go to Revenue Scotland, or have you not formed views at this stage? On the basis of the powers that will come to us on income tax, HMRC will continue to collect that. That is part and parcel of the Smith agreement. Air passenger duty on the aggregates levy, I would envisage those taxes being collected. I have not established the precise and detailed mechanism, but I would imagine that they would be taken forward by Revenue Scotland. That would be my plan. On forestalling, there is obviously some discussion over the block grant adjustment to happen. My understanding, at least from the answer earlier from the chief secretary, was that there would be a discussion in the early part of the next financial year to look at what happened up until early April. I am right in thinking that whatever happens in those discussions, the 4.94 figure will be reduced. The actual cut to the block grant, whatever happens in those discussions theoretically should end up being lower than 4.94, or is there a scenario where it can end up being higher? The block grant adjustment could not be higher than 4.94. It could be lower, but it might not be lower, because I might get nothing from forestalling. It depends on discussions. I would also add that the early part of the next financial year feels a bit late to me. I merely repeat what was said. I quote it accurately. Your answer to John Mason, you were obviously unhappy with the Westminster system for announcing tax changes and them taking effect at midnight or whatever. I would say that it is unhappy. I simply was characterised in the system as I see it. As you characterise it, does that mean that you would rule out ever announcing changes to LBTT in the future to either bans or rates and them taking effect at midnight or the next day? I suppose that you should never say never, but I think that I would have a bit of a job persuading this Parliament that I had been consistent with what is expected of me in the budget process. That is why I think that at different stages, as we have talked previously, convener about when would I make announcements about particular tax rates. I stuck very firmly to the view that the right and proper place for me to make announcements about tax rates was with the budget, because the budget was predicated on what revenue I would raise out of that taxation. At different stages, some parliamentary colleagues wanted me to announce rates prior to that, and I resisted that because I felt that that would exacerbate what we have experienced already. I felt that the right thing to do was to link all those provisions with the budget because the budget was dependent on the tax revenues raised. I think that I would find it quite difficult to explain. I might have tried it if I really felt that I had to do it, but I think that I would find it difficult to explain to Parliament somehow how, having argued that line, this is all integrated in the budget process to then say, but, by the way, it is the 28th of February that I have decided to change it all to there, whatever I have decided to do. That is just me following through what I think is the architecture of the financial management of the Scottish Parliament, which I absolutely respect. I was a member of the committee when the Public Finance and Accountability Scotland Act was put into statute back in 2000. I feel as if I have been in with the building blocks of the foundations of this approach to financial management, so I would have to have a very good reason for not respecting that. Last question is on—you talked about constraining factors and gave your view for being so firmly against them, but you said that they have not come up for a while. Do you genuinely think that it is a potential live issue? My interpretation of the committee was certainly against constraining factors, as you will have seen in our report. My interpretation of what the chief secretary said—I guess that he was listening to most of his evidence—was that his view now was that constraining factors should not be in there. He seemed to agree with the convener's argument that that would almost defeat the point of devolving those factors. Do you genuinely think that it is a live issue still? I hope not. I hope that it is not a live issue, because I think that the basic point that I come to from all those things is that when a tax is devolved to us, it should be devolved to us neither to our advantage or our disadvantage, it should be devolved neutral. It is then up to us to take the gain or the risk, and that is how it should work. There should be no inhibiting of our ability to take the gain, and we should have adequate provisions in place to deal with the risks. I think that constraining factors create a false architecture around those changes, and they defeat the fundamental point that Mr Mason was pursuing with the chief secretary. If we are successful in implementing those taxes, we should be entitled to retain the proceeds without any net adjustment that is negative for us. What comes with that is that if we do not get it right, we have to live with the consequences. Mark Ruskell will be followed by Gene Watt. In the earlier session with the chief secretary to the treasury, the convener asked him around timescales in terms of agreement of the fiscal framework. Given that you have just outlined your loss of two years in relation to the block grant adjustment, are you keen to see some kind of defined timescale around the negotiations on the fiscal framework so that there is not the same process that has gone through in respect of that? Something of that nature would probably help. We have to tie this to the enactment of the legislation. We have to be able to see the route plan that gets us towards implementation of the new provisions and the new arrangements, and we have to have a fiscal framework that essentially goes with that and is satisfactorily agreed in that process. I think that the linking of all of that together is essential, and I think that a disciplined timescale would help to resolve those issues. You mentioned the experience in terms of stamp duty changes. Obviously, when you announced the initial rates for LBTT at the draft budget, you did not know at the time that that change was likely to occur at the autumn statement, but at that stage there was no indication of what the block grant adjustment was going to be. How constraining a factor on you was that, and is that an experience that you think needs to be learned from, particularly when it comes to further devolution and the introduction of SRIT and then not do this in the future? Most definitely it did not help that I had to make an estimate in the budget in October of what I thought would be generated by a stamp duty system that has now been abolished to fulfil my commitment to revenue neutrality in October. I was making an assessment. It was obviously an assessment with which the UK Government disagreed because we have different ways of forecasting property transactions in Scotland. We have designed a model in Scotland in which I have confidence. It certainly was not helpful. It is of assistance if that information is available to ministers and the Scottish Government in an orderly fashion so that we can take our decisions and advise Parliament accordingly of what we think to be the right judgment to make. Professor Heald has given evidence to this committee and also to the Devolution Further Powers Committee around his concerns about the potential for gaming, which the chief secretary projected notions of gaming or of the Treasury perhaps taking steps post the Scottish Government informing them of their intention to set certain rates. It is November and you have to notify on SRIT and obviously the question was raised around the timescale that that gives the UK Government to potentially react to what the Scottish Government is planning to do. What is your take on that and do you echo some of the thoughts that have come to this committee? I mean Law Society of Scotland, for example. We are quite keen that there should be some element of financial fair play clause or something along those lines that prevents against the rug being pulled out, as it were. I think that the answer to the fundamental question is that we have seen an example of that already. We have had this power, but we have not even got the power yet. We have been in the scope of delivering this power. I announced a particular approach in October and we have had a competing and different proposition advanced by the UK Government in the process. The fundamental point that Professor Heald makes that this can happen is demonstrated by the fact that it has happened. It has happened already in the last couple of months. Anyone who denies that that cannot happen has not been paying attention for the last couple of months. The Law Society point about some form of financial fair play clause is an interesting argument. It also sits quite closely on the concept of no detriment, because no detriment also means that whatever actions are taken by one administration shouldn't be undertaken in a fashion that, by the nature of the exercise of the power, it creates a particular difficulty for the way in which another administration exercises that power. If I can just finally touch on the issue of borrowing powers, I asked the chief secretary for his take on what the command paper was setting out and where the UK Government was going. Obviously, the expectation, as it were, was that perhaps we would see the Scottish Parliament achieve additional borrowing powers on top of the capital grant that comes from the UK Treasury at present. There has been an indication that it may be to replace, rather than supplement, the capital grant. What is your interpretation of where things are? The chief secretary did appear to indicate that he was open-minded on the issue, which presumably is a relatively promising position to start from. The Smith commission believed that the Scottish Parliament should have additional borrowing powers in two respects. One, to deal with the greater degree of fluctuation to which we will be exposed in revenue terms, because more of our finance will be dependent on revenue judgments and revenue raising. Secondly, we should have capital borrowing powers that were in addition to our capital budget. That is firmly in my view that any erosion of our capital budget by the application of borrowing powers would not be to translate the Smith commission's proposals into practical effect. Presumably, that will be the basis on which the Scottish Government enters into the discussion with the UK Government. Cabinet Secretary, I want to ask you the same questions that I asked of the chief secretary to the Treasury around the taxes raised in the rest of the UK and spent on reserved matters. I cannot see that that would have anything other than a detrimental effect, potentially, on Scotland. If we are then faced with a stark choice of either cutting out of services or increasing taxes, are we not having to be reactionary to any decision of the tax-raising powers for the rest of the UK? If I go back to the point that the convener asked me at the outset about what proportion of our budget was dependent on the block grant, the point that I can say to the convener was that devolved and assigned taxes as a percentage of the post-Smith revenue spending package would be about 48 per cent, so 52 per cent would still be dependent on a block grant. If a UK Government was exercising an approach that was restricting the public expenditure that drove that block grant, we would have the implications of that within our public finances. The key point, and this is a direct point in consequence of the referendum, is that our public finances are still operating in Scotland within a UK framework. Macroeconomic issues and the issues about the strategic nature of the public finances remain reserved functions, so a UK Government taking decisions with which we may be profoundly in disagreement in Scotland about the approach to public spending would still be able to be applied and have an effect on the Government in Scotland. Would you agree, therefore, that the ability for Scotland to follow a different path on the austerity programme as the OBR is predicting that most of the payments to reduce the deficit in the United Kingdom are coming from public services? Therefore, Scotland is trying to reverse that. Do you see opportunities for Scotland to do that? We obviously, as a Government, do not take the same approach to the management of the public finances that the United Kingdom Government takes. We try to do things that are designed to improve the performance of public services and to improve the policy propositions that are available to people in Scotland. As far as we can in our areas of competence, we will endeavour to do that and will continue to do so. The challenge is, of course, the fact that we will still be operating within a UK fiscal framework. I have had to wrestle, as members will know, with a 10 per cent real-terms reduction in our budget over the course of the spending and review period since 2010. We will not somehow set free from that framework as a consequence of what is envisaged in the command paper. Just to confirm on one of the issues raised by the STUC has been that any change that we might want to make to welfare will still be at the hand of the Westminster Government. That has brought an end to this particular session, Cabinet Secretary. I am just wondering if you have any further points that you may wish to add. Thank you very much. I am just going to call a two-minute break while we have a change of officials. The second item on our agenda is consideration of the Budget Scotland number 4 bill at stage 2. Members have a note by the clerk with their papers. For this item, we are joined by the Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Constitution and Economy, who is accompanied by Terry Holmes, the Scottish Government's finance directorate. I would like to invite the Cabinet Secretary to make an opening statement. I begin by welcoming the France Committee report on the 2015-16 draft budget. As I informed Parliament last week, I will respond in full in advance of the stage 3 debate. This session of the France Committee focuses on the content of the budget bill itself as approved in principle by the Scottish Parliament. As members of the committee are aware, there are a number of differences in the presentation of budget information between the draft budget and the budget bill. In order to assist the committee, I will explain the main differences with reference to table 1.3 on page 4 of the supporting document. Colomay sets out the updated portfolio budgets for 2015-16, following the announcement by the First Minister of the new responsibilities on 21 November 2014. In order to ensure a transparent read across from table 3.01 of the draft budget document published in October, table 1.2 of the supporting document provides a reconciliation between the portfolio budget published at draft budget and the revised portfolios. Colomay, in table 1.3, sets out the draft budget, as is required to be restated for budget bill purposes. Colomay's BTG provides details of the adjustments, including the necessary statutory adjustments to meet the requirements of the parliamentary process. There are two substantive changes to the spending plans outlined in the draft budget that I would wish to take this opportunity to highlight. First, the budget bill confirms the deployment of £127.4 million of health consequentials flowing from the UK autumn statement on 3 December 2014. That is in line with the Government's commitment to pass on resource consequentials in full to the NHS in Scotland. In addition to ensuring that budgets align with the latest available information, there is an adjustment of £345.3 million to the annually managed expenditure budget provision for the teachers and NHS pension schemes. That reduction to the draft budget 2015-16 number reflects the Treasury update to the discount rate applied for post-employment benefits announced on December 2014. The other adjustments that are set out are the exclusion of £151.7 million NDPB non-cash costs, which do not require parliamentary approval. Those are mainly in relation to depreciation and impairments in our NDPB community. The exclusion of judicial salaries and Scottish Water loan repayments to national loan funds and the Public Works loan board, which again do not require parliamentary approval. The inclusion of police loan charges to be approved as part of the budget bill. There are technical accounting adjustments to the budget of £124.5 million, reflecting differences in the way that HM Treasury budget for those items and how we are required to account for them under international financial reporting standards based accounting rules that apply in respect of the Government financial reporting manual. I remind the committee that the budget conversion to an IFRS basis is spending power neutral. The adjustments to portfolio budgets to reflect the requirement that a number of direct funded and external bodies require separate parliamentary approval. Those include national records of Scotland, Forestry Commission, Food Standards Scotland, the Scottish Court Service, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator, Scottish Housing Regulator, Revenue Scotland and the teachers and NHS pension schemes. The restatement of specific grants included in the overall 2015-16 local authority settlement, which remain under the control of the appropriate Cabinet Secretary with policy responsibility. Full details of all grants treated in this way are included in the summary table on page 42. I would again make clear that those are essentially technical adjustments and do not change in any way the budget that has been so far scrutinised by this and other committees and approved in principle by Parliament. I would also remind members that, for the purposes of the budget bill, only spending which scores as capital in the Scottish Government or direct funded body's annual accounts is shown as capital. That means that capital grants are shown as operating in the supporting document. The full capital picture is shown in table 1.4 on page 5. As I made clear to Parliament last week, I remain committed to an open and constructive approach to the 2015-16 budget process and continue to seek consensus on a budget that will meet the needs of the people of Scotland. I look forward to discussing that with the committee. Thank you very much for that comprehensive opening statement to the Cabinet Secretary. I am just wondering if you can answer just one question that I am going to put to you, which is really about the Barnett consequentials. I mean that you received some £211 million to the Scottish budget following the autumn statement. The budget bill is allocated, as you have already pointed out, £127.4 million to health, the amount arising from increases proposed for health in England. I am just wondering if you can give us some information on the rest of the consequentials. In resource del convener for 2015-16, the Government received £200.8 million and £120 million of which has been allocated to health. 11 million has been allocated to match the business rate poundage south of the border, which I announced in my statement to Parliament on the local government financial settlement. We have conveyed £5 million of ring fence grant from the UK Government in relation to the Glasgow School of Art, which leaves a resource del uncommitted number at this stage of £64.8 million. On 26.3 million pounds in capital del consequentials that came to the Government, £7.4 million has been allocated to health, £15 million has been conveyed as part of the Glasgow City Deal, a UK Government contribution to which the Scottish Government contribution is additional, and that leaves capital del uncommitted of £3.9 million. There are £4 million of unallocated financial transactions into the bargain. Just for the record, tell us when you are going to decide on how those resources will be committed. I will consider those issues in preparation for stage 3 of the budget and will conclude my discussions at that time. Thank you for that clarification. Cabinet Secretary, you are going to respond to our report in advance of stage 3. Is that going to be this week or next week or are you not sure this day? I suspect that it will be the start of next week. I am just trying to work on how much Scottish Water is projected to borrow in 1516. In the bill itself, page 10, schedule 3, item 4 in schedule 3 says that section 42 of the water industry Scotland Act 2002, then in bracket Scottish Water, and the amount next to that is £150 million. In the draft budget itself, there is an item page 132 that says that it has voted loans £80 million. However, in the document that you published alongside the actual budget bill at page 61 for Scottish Water, there seems to be a capital of £132 million. I am just trying to work on the three different figures. Are you able to square the circle and explain how they match? I can explain how it all matches is a moot point. In my comments to the committee, I said that the Scottish Water loan repayments to the national loan fund and the public works loan board do not require parliamentary approval, so that is why some of the numbers look different. The simplest way to express it is that I expect the borrowing requirement of Scottish Water to be £80 million in 1516. The £150 million has proved to be some kind of maximum loan. It is gross versus net. There will be two factors that influence this. There will be gross versus net, and there will be what requires parliamentary approval and what does not require parliamentary approval. However, you anticipate £80 million. That is your best estimate. Again, if you can explain the different figures in the draft budget versus the supporting document, the Queensferry crossing, page 122 of the draft budget, has a figure of £219 million for 1516 for the Queensferry crossing. However, the supporting document that you published alongside the budget bill, page 65, has a figure of £269 million for the Queensferry crossing for 1516. The draft budget says £219 million. The supporting document says £216 million. I am just wondering what the explanation is for the difference between those two figures. The difference is the payment back to the treasury of the pre-payment that we received on the fourth replacement crossing back in 2011-12. We secured an agreement with the treasury to enable us to essentially ramp up expenditure on the fourth crossing when we did not have budget capacity to do so. I have a feeling that that would be over two financial years, which would probably be 2011-12 and 2013, but it was on the basis that it would be repaid, which is what the difference is. If it was £219 million in the budget document, and it is £269 million here, that is 50 million. I think that it was two instalments of 50 million. Most of my questions have been answered. It was about the unallocated consequentials, which she gave a very full account of. You said that 64.8% resourced dell and allocated 3.9% capital dell unallocated, but I take it that we could add to that some of the health consequentials that have not been allocated to a particular line. Could you tell us how much that is in terms of health, capital and resources that have not been allocated to a particular health line, is that right? It will be of the order of £30 million, I would think, 22.5. Is that resource? 22.5 resource. Is there any capital or not? I am not aware of any capital announcements that have been made. That has concluded the questions from the committee. We now turn to the formal proceedings on the budget bill. We have no amendments to deal with, but we are obliged to consider each section and schedule and the long title and agree formally to each. We will take the sections in order, with schedules being taken immediately after the section that introduces them and the long title last. Unfortunately, standing orders allow us to put a single question where groups of sections are scheduled to be considered consecutively. Unless members disagree, that is what I propose to do. First, the question is that section 1, schedule 1, section 2, schedule 2, section 3, schedule 3 and sections 4 to 11 be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Members have indicated their agreement. Secondly, the question is that the long title be agreed to. Are we all agreed? We are agreed. That ends stage 2 consideration of the budget Scotland number 4 bill. I thank the cabinet secretary and allow Amherstad Homes to leave. I say to my business that it is considered a negative instrument. The Scottish Tax Tribunals eligibility for appointment regulations 2014, SSI 2014-355. I would like to invite any comments from members. There have been no comments from members. Are there any comments that I wish to report on the instrument? No comments to report. Thank you very much. That was a final item on our agenda. I close the meeting and thank everyone for their contributions this morning.


Ho Ho Ho Ho! Good Lord! This pro-Jarrod situation with Heidi just got a lot more complicated. But please, please, for the love of God, stay until the end of this video, because there isn't a very important message for all of you out there. What is up, everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul, where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And if you're new to my channel, what I like to do is take a look at the YouTube community or pop culture and try to take this mess and turn it into a message to see what kind of lessons we can learn. Because what good? What good is consuming all of this craziness if we're not trying to see how we can apply it to our own lives. So if you're into that stuff, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. So in this video, we're going to be talking about things like open relationships and polyamory and things like that. But before I get started, no matter what I say, my views or opinions are on the subject of this, ProJarad is not out of the woods yet. ProJarad made a statement, and I'll read that in a second for all of you. But there are still some very serious allegations against ProJarad, like sending unsolicited crotch pics. Not cool. Nobody really is down for those. But there's also allegations that he was messaging people in a sexual manner who were underage. So just so you know, those are still allegations. Don't know what's going to come of those, but I am focusing on the topic of polyamory for the purpose of this video. Alright? Okay. So anyways, ProJarad came out yesterday with a statement about the situation with Heidi. Alright? I am deeply sorry to anyone who has seen the accusations, vitriol or unwanted photos that my former partner Heidi and others have been posting online since last Wednesday, May 8th, 2019. The truth is that Heidi and my marriage has been in a bad place for some time. I never wanted any of those details to become public for both Heidi and my mental well-being. But they have and the accusations being made now must be addressed. A few years ago, Heidi asked me if we could be in an open, polyamorous marriage. I recognize now that this request and my willingness to go along with it was an unhealthy attempt to solve deeper issues that had developed within our marriage. Heidi has taken several casual partners and has been in a more serious relationship with another partner since 2017. Whether done to make her own actions just feel justified or because she generally believed it would help me build self-esteem, Heidi suggested that I also engage with other women. Heidi encouraged me to tell Holly that I was developing feelings for her. But when I did, things changed with Heidi. She became angry and vindictive and did not want me to see or speak with Holly anymore. She called me a cheater and claimed that I was destroying our marriage because of my affair. Even though she continued to have other relationships with other partners. I never wanted to destroy our marriage and I spent months after that doing what I could to repair it through couples therapy and extensive individual therapy. Those close to me have witnessed Heidi's behavior towards me on many occasions and have begged me to leave for some time. I was many things during this time including embarrassed, scared and broken but I was never the abuser. I made several attempts to leave starting in October 2018 but each time she refused to let it happen threatening to destroy my career and to harm others if I left. Despite all this, I tried to end things amicably. I helped Heidi find a new place to live and pay the initial deposits. I bought her a car to facilitate her independence. I formally filed for divorce on May 13th, 2019 and have instructed my attorneys to make sure she receives her fair share of what I earned while we were together. I genuinely never wanted any of this to happen but I finally realized that I have no other choice. Even though I have been tempted to put information out online that shows my side of the story, I don't want to further stoke the fires of what should be a private matter between us. My hope is that both of us continue to pursue therapy and come out of this unfortunate situation better people. But I want everyone to know that any other interactions I have had with any other women were known to and encouraged by Heidi and were had with only the purest and lawful intentions. I am sorry to everyone that I disappointed. I realize that as a public figure I am held to a higher standard. I have made my share of mistakes but I have only ever tried to do what's best for Heidi and me. Alright, so couple things real quick. Y'all want to be famous, y'all want to be celebrities, y'all want to be these big bad YouTubers. Like this is nuts. This is nuts because people have to come out and share the most intimate details of their relationship. Like if you're just like a normal person, you got to kind of like tell your friends and family like yo this is what happened and like it happens in your friend group. This is happening in front of thousands, if not millions of people, all of this, alright?  You get all this money and everything's fine. No, no, no, no, no. Like there's stuff that comes along with it. So when this statement first came out, I DMed one of my buddies in the YouTube community who has been following this story. I'm like yo, what do you think about Pro Jarrod's statement? Like do you really think that it was like polyamory and then Heidi turned it into cheating or whatever and he's like I don't know man. He's like I'm really like leery of stuff and like when somebody says that there's more to this story but they don't post receipts, I'm like true that man. I hear that. But right after, Heidi took to Twitter and she said this, polyamory requires transparency and consent. Otherwise it's just good old fashioned cheating. People keep asking for clarification.  I never had anything to hide from him period. I did not receive the same transparency. Okay, okay everybody. This is for you and everybody you know. Listen, okay, can polyamorous relationships work? Yes, absolutely they can work. If you want to be in an open relationship, if you want to be in a polyamorous relationship, you do you baby girl. But like I have seen this happen so many times it makes my brain want to explode. All right. Like it is tricky. It is difficult. Okay. And like pro Jared said, what it seems like, what it seems like is that they were trying to share or save the relationship by attempting to do polyamory, sleep with other people. All right. And like it's tricky. It's difficult. Like when you marry somebody, when you marry a person, you are committing to them in a monogamous relationship.   It is just me and you baby. Me and you. Right. And then things start to go downhill and they try to save the relationship with polyamory. Feelings get hurt. It's what happens. It is human nature for feelings to get hurt in that way when you have committed to somebody like that. All right. And what we're all seeing and this is what I keep trying to tell all of you guys, like everything's not so black and white. Like things are messy. And it's just, it sucks for these people in the public spotlight where like it's all just put out there. Like it's all put out there. Relationships can get messy and tricky and difficult and crappy. Like, but now it's just out there. You know what I mean? And like the problem is, is that the rules change. The rules kind of like, like, like what Heidi was saying was she changed her mind on it. Like what? What? Like it was like halfway out there. And again, like there's still some very serious allegations against pro Jared. And I don't know what's going to come of those. But in this situation, like I kind of said about James Charles with gauge or James Charles with that kid, the waiter from Seattle, like those were just messy situations. It seems like consensual situations that turned into a mess. And now they're just out there in the public for all of us to see. Now what I'll say about polyamory, like I remember listening to a podcast a long time ago. And in some parts of the world, like monogamy is not how we're like the people are trained to be. So like being non monogamous, being with multiple partners, that is the norm. But like in our Western culture, we're kind of raised in that way. And there's nothing wrong with that. Like I got my beautiful girlfriend Tristan. That's all I want. That's all I need, right? But like, I think like especially this is something that I've seen come up more and more in recent years. But like I'm telling you right now, like I have so many friends.  I've had so many friends who are just like, I'm going to be polyamorous. And the next thing you know, they're on Facebook talking about how they got their heart broken because they develop feelings. You know what I mean? Like just quit BSing yourself. Like just quit BSing yourself. Like when I look at this situation, like don't BS yourself. Like, oh, I love you. I just want to sleep with other people. Like, like the feelings aren't there anymore. Just in the relationship. Like don't just lie to yourself and just say, oh, well, everything would be fine if we could just sleep with other people. No, because now this is blown up into this explosive hot mess. Just separate from each other. You know, like that's the issue. That's such a problem, especially just like with relationships is people hold on to them for so many reasons. I've had people hold on to relationships like for kids, right? For children.  And we ended up splitting up and we're like best friends today. But like, is that fair to anybody involved? Me, her or the child? If we're just staying together just for the kid, I've seen people stay in relationships for family members, right? Like the family likes her or the family likes him, right? So they stay in the relationship for them. You know what I mean? Like, who are we staying in this relationship for? Like this is between you and the other person. Like I know breakups suck. But stuff like this just makes the whole situation a lot messier because you were prolonging the pain. All right? So again, I am not against polyamory in any way, shape or form. But from my experience in most cases, they turn into absolute messes because people start developing feelings. All right? So what Pro Jared was saying was he was encouraged to start seeing Heidi, not Heidi, Holly. He was encouraged to start seeing her. But then Heidi got jealous. You know what I mean? And whether or not that's true, we'll never know. But there's two sides of this story. Truthfully, like I'm done covering this story because like one, like when I say, I'm like, man, it is just a mess. But like if the allegations come out that, you know, Pro Jared was taking advantage of his position of power with, you know, younger people who are fans of his, that is a whole different ball game. And we'll have to talk about that at another time. But anyways, let me know. Let me know down in the comments below. Have you tried to be in an open relationship or a polyamorous relationship and it's turned into a hot mess? If it's worked out, maybe you could share some tips and advice down below and let us know how the hell you made that happen. But anyways, that's all I got for this video. If you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up. If you're new, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell because I make a ton of videos. And a huge, huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on Patreon. You're all amazing. And if you would like to pick up a Patreon, get your name up in the credits, get involved in our monthly Q&A, get some free books and some other cool stuff, click or tap right there. Alright? Thanks again so, so much for watching. I'll see you next time.