We are going to spend the next few days showing you why you should ride the 52-hour train across the USA. This is the Amtrak Sleeper train and we are going to be living on it for the next 52 hours. The next three days we have an exciting journey ahead of us as we dive into the fascinating world of train travel and explore one of the most iconic routes in the United States, the California Zephyr. San Francisco all the way to Chicago. That means we're taking a train across the entirety of the United States. But you're going to show you what it's like to live on this train, what you can eat, a shower sequence and can you fall asleep on a moving train. All while traveling through seven states over 2,438 miles with highlights such as traveling 10,000 feet above sea level, snaking the California countryside, the Sierra Nevada, the dramatic upper Rockies and then rural USA all the way to Chicago. Last week we left you in Columbia where we tried car camping. We touched down in LA where we missed our flight to San Francisco so we rented a car, picked up Dintai Fung and drove five and a half hours until 2.30 a.m. where we laid our heads before the big day. Welcome to the Emeryville station where we are boarding the California Zephyr. We're at the dining car. I'm so excited. It's feeling real now y'all. Look how big it is. We're going back in time folks to a time before flying and driving from what I've learned you get on and it starts going. The first step is getting on the train and meeting our conductor, Tony the Tiger. Tony likes the tiger. I like it. This is so cool. You got it. Good day. That's amazing. Thank you Tony the Tiger. Oh you know how to do the baggage? Obviously. Wow. Brilliant. Looks like it doesn't even exist. Right. Unreal. There we go. Thank you. Welcome aboard. Welcome aboard the Amtrak Sleeper Train. 52 hours across the country. I'm so excited. It's getting, it's feeling real. I didn't think it would be this stoked to be in here right now. This is like another world. This is a trip of a lifetime everyone. You guys are in the wrong one. Oops wrong cart and now we have Carl as our cart person. As the train departs we settle into our cozy accommodations. We got a full bedroom and a sleeper car. This is our train car attendant Carl. Every cart has their very own. This is the full experience already. Train life baby. We're leaving San Francisco. Not me spawning the three course dinner menu right away. Our fascination with train travel began when we were traveling Asia. We took an overnight train 13 hours from Bangkok to Chiang Mai. We're going to spend the next two days convincing you why you should take the California's effort across the United States. This is like van life 3.0 except you don't need to do much. You pretty much just teleport from one destination to another. In a lot of places we're going to see views that you cannot see from the road because train tracks were built well before cars and roadways. Okay now that we're snaking across America let's settle in. Sleeper cars. These are designed for passengers who prefer a more private and comfortable experience. Sleeper cars typically include various room options such as roomettes, bedrooms, and family bedrooms. Passengers in sleeper cars have access to amenities like showers and can enjoy meals in the dining car. All right this is the shower. You shower where you use the restroom. Yes we have our very own shower and toilet in our room. We're gonna shower on a train. And we're gonna shower on a train. It's actually so cool. This is a lot like our van bathroom I would say. Bigger. Just a lot nicer. You're gonna need this handle right? Oh yeah. I am 100% challenging myself to shower while the train's moving. I'm not doing that. No stop. No way. We have two beds. An upper and lower bunk, a table. Tip number one. Bring some Chester checkers players. You can literally play right here.  We're all moved in. Look at all this space we have. You can have a dance Fatty. Maybe it's because we lived in a van but my expectations were not this large. We are starting our journey through California and believe it or not it's 9.41 in the morning and we've only got coffee in the belly. But these views are making up for that because it is California dreamy. These landscapes are going to be so different from what we see this evening from what we see tomorrow and the next day. As America's landscapes are extremely diverse. Train tour. We're going to show you the entire California Zephyr. There are several different carts that make up the entire train to cater to different passengers needs. Let's go through all of them. We're starting in the sleeper train. These are bedrooms. The bedrooms actually make up the entirety of the cart. They take up quite a lot of space. As you can see leaving a small walkway and a second view of the other side of the train. I would say getting a full bedroom is worth it just because you get the double view. Around the corner we've got the coffee station. This is where we're hanging. Coffee, water, everything you need. And then as you continue this way down the cart we are still in the sleeper train. However these are the roommates. So we have rooms on both the left side and the right side. They're quite a bit smaller but you can still sleep comfortably. The roommates share a communal restroom. This entire wall is the span of our room. This is the span of the roomette. This is the top deck now down to the lower deck. Logged storage. More roommates. Entry and exit points. Or viewing. Real quick health is so important to us and so is taking our vitamins. Over the last few months we have been taking Mary Roofs and I can officially share with you that they have very quickly become some of our favorites. 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As you can see there's much more space. Okay now we're really exploring. We're leaving the sleeper cars and moving on. The dining car offers freshly prepared meals and it's a social hub where passengers can gather for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The cuisine is often highly spoken about and the communal seating encourages interaction amongst travelers. It's not just a meal. It's a dining experience with panoramic views as our backdrop. This car is designed for passengers who want to enjoy the breathtaking scenery with large windows and sometimes even a glass dome roof providing uninterrupted views of the ever-changing landscapes. It's a great spot for sightseeing, photography and socializing. From the observation car we can go down to the cafe and the lounge. The lounge car is another social space on the train offering comfortable seating, large windows and sometimes a cafe or bar service. Passengers can relax, enjoy a drink and take in the views. Lastly the coach car. These are standard seating cars for passengers who prefer a more economical option. Coach cars can offer comfortable seats, rest rooms and the option to purchase stacks and beverages. Update. I'm still in complete awe that we're actually on a three-day train to Chicago. I'm so stoked and so happy that everyone who inspired us to do this. We're doing it. Can you believe we're doing this? I can't believe it. I can. It's so sick. Are you coming this way? Our rooms. Room E. I think you're that way. Thanks. Dan, welcome aboard. Thank you. Thank you. I am your captain. They call them conductors. Hello. Hello. We're a little awkward. Yeah. All right, everyone. We are at our first long stop. We have 10 minutes. We've made it to Sacramento, the fourth stop for the train, but the first of the nine most popular stops where you can get out, take a stretch, get some fresh air, which I imagine is going to be very nice. We have an unknown amount of time here and until they say all aboard, we're free. First thing to know, this station was built in 1926. Let's just rewind and go back to train travel in 1926. Wow. And we've made it our mission to get off at every long stop possible. Summer at 5 a.m. We are not really risers, but we will see you at our stop. Look how big it is compared to you. I know. Just going to put this out there and I don't know.  You got it. We did it. Didn't be without us. First stop was a success. She's running for the dining hall. She hungry. It's someone's birthday. Happy birthday. That's so fun spending your birthday on the train. I love it. It smells good. It smells really good. We're having a plan burger with chips with a drink and you can have dessert. All the meals on the Amtrak train are included in your fare. And that was lunch. 10 out of 10 exceeded my expectations once again. I have to say that. Are your ears popping? No, I feel dizzy. Oh, I thought that was going to be me. It's too bad it's you. Where are we see? And we're in the snow, everyone. These first views on the California Zephyr train have been incredible. We said goodbye to the Golden Gate Bridge. We were welcomed by ocean views, cities, rolling hills, and now mountain ranges with enormous trees and we have a blanket of snow as we reach a higher elevation. This is the Donner's Pass. We're 7,000 feet above sea level and it is absolutely beautiful. Snow everywhere, hugging the Sierra Nevada. Another awesome reason to get a full room, not only to have obviously more space but you have views from either side of the train. You can look out at your private window back there or directly through your door out to the other side. If I didn't have both views, I feel like I'd be missing half of the ride and I'd have to do it twice. Why do you think it hit you like that? I was looking for animal tracks. What? I was looking for animal tracks. You find any? Yeah. Saw rabbits, deer, and maybe even some, maybe bear. Big ones. There you have it folks. Don't look for animal tracks on the train moving. This could be you. Four minutes. The train is moving at the perfect pace to take it all in. Passing right through Tahoe National Forest all the way up to 7,000 feet to the Donner Pass where we will now be descending. Heading into Truckee, the cutest town and we're almost at the state border of Nevada where we will get off in Reno. Can we just draw attention to the fact that every town that we stop in, all of them so far, are adorable. It's like every town that the train goes through is out of a friggin movie or a postcard. Can we also draw attention that our truck is named Truckee courtesy of how crucial names things? There's proof. All right Pac, we're going through many different states and many different towns and cities. If we're bypassing you, let us know in the comments. And if you're from Truckee, I would like an invitation over. This is Reno Station coming up here in just a few moments for those continuing on past Reno. If you wish to step off the train, get some fresh air you can. My teammate left me behind. I was taking too long. Reno! Hey y'all! We crossed the state border. She probably already said this, but it's popular stop number two. Is there another elevator? Jasmine! Way back in time. I really do feel like we're in another era.  If you're unfamiliar with train travel, the reason why they stop is because they are picking up and dropping off people. I'm pretty sure everyone knows that, but just in case, now you know. We're at our dinner reservation and we are joined by our new two friends. Cheers everyone! Cheers! I don't even know your name yet, but we're going to cheers. I'm Chris. John and Chris. And what do we have? We have flank steak with mashed potatoes and looks like green beans and wax beans. And over here I have salmon and green beans and a rice and rolls. Love it.  Look at this. I've got a bolognese pasta with a plant sausage and green beans. And green beans and a bundt. That looks very good. That's amazing. This is a three course meal, folks. How does it taste? Pretty darn good. Bye y'all. Oh yeah, sleep well. Oh you're tall. Good luck. We just had the most romantic dinner for two. Just kidding. We had the most fabulous dinner and met some friends. What's really cool about these trains is if you're traveling as two, you will sit down with another pair. And so, both at lunch and dinner today, we were able to... You're forced to make friends. Me and people and it's been a great experience. Yeah, I'm happy. It is really fun and you get to know someone. They're from Atlanta and you get to know their story, what they're doing here. They also watch YouTube and they love train content. I hope you are enjoying this train video because I am really enjoying the journey. She didn't make it. Got you. Happy birthday, Tony. 7.32 on a train means bedtime. Ah, that's the bedding. Serious note, where did he pull this ladder? I don't know. I actually don't even know. I have no idea. I can't believe they make your bed. I had to build my bed in a van. Who gets top and who gets bottom? I feel like the top isn't bad. You have to strap yourself in so you don't fall off. Yeah, that's you. There we go.  That's hilarious. Oh! You go to bed belt, girl. Keep you in there. I'm a roller. If you roll away down here, I wouldn't mind. Top bunk because I'm the cool kid. You'd never know that there was a bed in the ceiling all day long, but there is two beds in here. The floor space gets a little tight right here. But overall, there's quite a bit of floor space. The mattresses, I would say, are more comfy than I would have imagined. This one's harder. And you have this fleece fluffy blue m-track blanket. And white sheets. I'd say living in luxury. It's better than I thought. It's always better than I thought on m-track. First night sleeping on the m-track train. We've got a fancy blue light to fall asleep with.   And don't be fooled. This train is stopping all throughout the night. And we will see you in Salt Lake City. Time for some more shut-eye. We woke up in the desert, everyone. Welcome to Utah. How did you sleep? The air smells like when you're on a plane and feels like when you're on a plane. Right? Oh, yeah, still young. Okay. Check out those morning views. John, look at the window. Oh, whoa. Grand Junction, Colorado. First stop on the second day. And there is a shop with what looks like lots of fun things. The old station. We're halfway through the trip. And I currently feel like I'm still on the train. All right. Stop is already done. We gotta go. We're good. The old train station, I was just told by Carl that they are trying to rebuild it, actually. But oh, where am I going wrong way? But if you can see how it's built, it's probably more expensive to restore that building than it is just to build new, which is a silly part of our world. But they're true. As we ride along the Colorado River, it's told that the River Rats will moon the Zephyr every time it goes by. Don't believe us? Here's some butts. We then played piggies and took in the views, but we didn't see any butts. Only these cute ones. Big tip, getting to the observation deck early before you enter the Rockies is promising because you can get yourself a seat and take in the view. Okay, if we want to keep our goal of getting off at every big stop, we have to leave this cart as the observation lounge. It's loud. And the dining cart do not open for you to go out. So, gotta head back to our room. And I hope we make it. We made it, y'all. And this place is cute. Of all of the stops we've been to, Glenwood Springs is by far the most adorable. We've been transported back in time. This place is historic. It's the original. And it is so cute. When you think train station, you think this train station. Loved every second of Glenwood Springs. Gotta get off at every stop, folks. Lunchtime, baked potato for Jazzy and a burger for the Burger Queen, with views of the Colorado River and then back to our room for the best part, the Rocky Mountains. I can't believe they made tracks in the mountains. There's a train going the other way. Is that another Amtrak? You can go from west to east or east to west. This one's going from east to west and we're going west to east. Love it. As we climb through the Rocky Mountains, the train takes us to breathtaking altitudes, revealing snow-capped peaks and alpine scenery. This leg of the journey is truly a highlight for every single passenger. Everyone is glued to the window as the views are unparalleled and the sun sets behind the mountain. This is the best part. There's no roads, nothing. Just the tracks in the middle of the Rocky Mountains. Winter Park lives up to its name. This is a highlight of the trip and we're about to enter the Moffitt Tunnel. The California suffer goes through many tunnels on its journey, but this one is by far the longest at 10 minutes and it's 10,000 feet above sea level. Ready? Daytime. Nighttime. As the captain said, enjoy the views and just so you know, this 10 minute tunnel saves us two and a half hours because we would have been switching back through the mountains. Now you know the truth. Our second dinner looked a lot like our first and before you know it, it's time to make the bed. We reached Denver and we also started to experience our very first train delay. Broke what? Broke down. I may have made her say that. They spent quite a while fixing the engine. The train started to move as we drifted in to a slumber. Day three starting with something. We haven't made breakfast. Breakfast. Look at all the condiments. And the reason we haven't made breakfast is because it only goes till 8.30. Write in the comments if you think you should go later because I definitely do. Petition. All right, we are running from breakfast to our second last stop. And let me tell you, it's a winter wonderland. You might be wondering, I thought you all missed the Omaha stop. Well, so do we. But our train was broken down all last night. That's why we had no idea we actually slept. Not only do we make breakfast, but we made it to Omaha, Nebraska. Our second last stop. And as you can see, it's getting much, much colder. It's supposed to be here at four in the morning. Look what time it is. Omaha. We're my own balloons. Well, well, well. It looks like we've been delayed many hours and all that talk of train delays is very true. The best part is about to come. Jasmine is having a shower on board the 52 hour train. I'm scared it's going to be cold on it's first starts. Oh, here we go. Step two, press button. Oh, shower head stops. Saves water. Hot water. This feels so good. It's been a whole three days. I'm doing a full shower on a train, everyone. But it resists. Although day three looked a lot like day one and day two inside of the train, it's always a different view outside. As we chugged along towards Chicago, we have to say we are super excited to add trains to our method of travel. And we can't wait to ride more. Over the last three days, we have learned a lot. So here's our tips. It can get pretty dry in the train, especially in winter. And I would recommend biasing lip balm, drinking lots of water and getting off the train for fresh air and a stretch whenever possible. Bring cash with you and don't be afraid to make some new friends. We met some very interesting people. Did we convince you to ride the train across America? Let us know. See you on the next one.


Oh, my God, no. I saw him looking at my LinkedIn. I'm saying my whole life. Hi, I'm Wendy Clark. I'm the CEO of DDB WebWide. I'm even dressing my shirt so that you can hypnotize me and whether you do it more easily. I am the founder and CEO of Make Love Not Pawn. Pro-sex, pro-pawn, pro-no-the-difference. I'm Gary Binnertruck. I'm the CEO of Banner Media. Hi, my name's Isaiah Mustafa. I'm an actor. How do you balance? You guys obviously do really creative work. You make people talk. How do you balance that? People sometimes they think that what we do is risky. I think risk is relative. I think it's much riskier to do something flat and put a ton of money behind. And something flat, usually people are OK with doing, believe it or not, because they don't feel risk, right? But risk is relative. And sometimes doing something flat, it's the most risky thing you can do. My overall advice, Gabby, is that the amount you ask for in any performance pay review or job interview is the highest amount you can say out loud without actually bursting out laughing. One of the things to think a lot about, and this may even happen outside of your company or your agency, is the idea of how do you really challenge yourself on coming up with ideas. What's your relationship like with the creative team? I love working with creative because it's your idea. It's what you came up with. So I'm just the vessel or the person who facilitates everything or just gets it out so people can see it. So as an actor, I really want to know exactly how you saw it when you thought of it and how you want me to portray it. And perhaps I can further validate you that those of us who've been working for almost 30 years and have built a career based on polish are trying to show much less polish now, more authenticity. And I'm seeing a lot of people struggle with the idea of understanding the context of the media that's deploying your creative. A lot of creative is tone deaf to the distribution because a lot of times media and creative don't talk to each other in the modern ad world. And so the fact that you're thinking that way is really exciting. I do think positively a lot of people are spending a lot more time on social media right now, right? That's how we're feeling both. And this is your opportunity to completely represent your value in the context of what you want to do because the opportunity is now there to do it in a way that it may not have been before. I think that the combination of you being obsessed and surrounding yourself with people that are like-minded and that also want to be very ambitious when it comes to creative is the best advice for succeeding in our industry. I mean, I have hindsight now so I can look back on it but before what I would think was, I think I said in an interview one time that if I was just to be known as the old Spice guy, well then that's better than being known as the guy that was sitting on the couch waiting for a job. This is the best version of an April Fool's Surprise I've ever heard of. Thank you. It's great advice. Thank you so much. Thank you so much for your time and for all of your great advice. I took plenty of notes and I'm very excited to run with it. I think you've given such good. I hope this is being posted somewhere because you've said a lot of things that could help a lot of especially young creatives. I hope you enjoyed this surprise.


Hello, my name is Daniel Helfan and I'm a Developer Advocate with Red Hat's OpenShift Container Platform. Today, what I want to talk about in this video is something that I recently wrote about in a blog post. It's about how you add a builder image to an OpenShift Developer Catalog and then deploy an application using that builder image out to OpenShift with OpenShiftDo, or ODO. For those unfamiliar with ODO, it is the Developer Focus CLI for OpenShift. So it will allow someone who is working with local source code to very quickly iterate on that source code and then just as quickly push that up to your OpenShift environment and verify that everything is running and working as expected. So to start, what I'm going to do is come out to my OpenShift 4 cluster and head on over to the Developer Catalog. And next, I'll click on Languages. And so what I'm showing you here are all of the different builder images that come preloaded in an OpenShift 4 cluster. What I wanted to see, though, despite how many language options we have available in OpenShift is how hard would it be to add something that is not supported by the catalogue. So to start, what I did was look for something that was not available. And I noticed that GoLang is not currently an option in the Developer Catalog. And so what I did in order to add this GoLang option was I created an image stream. For those unfamiliar with an image stream, what this basically will allow us to do is define properties of our builder image that will be displayed in the Developer Catalog web console that we were just looking at. But more importantly, what it does is it allows us to define different versions that we will support of a particular language or framework, and then ultimately where we can pull those container image definitions from. So to start, what you can do is define this kind property that specifies that we are creating an image stream. Next we can give it a display name, which will appear in the Developer Catalog web console, and I'll just give it the name Go. Then I can actually give our image stream a name, and I'll just call it GoLang. And then the next really important property of an image stream is this tags property. So underneath tags, I can define different versions of a builder image. And those tags should correspond to versions of a particular language or a framework that are supported by the container image that you are going to pull into that particular tag under the image stream. So you'll notice that I have this 1.10.2 tag, and this will correspond to a GoLang container that supports GoLang 1.10.2. And you'll see that I am pulling it from a Docker hub, and that I am specifying that it is a Docker image. And then the last part here is that we have this tags property underneath each tag. So I can here specify that this is a builder image, and that, and then this will basically be how we can use this with ODO. So the last part here that we need to do to actually add this to the Developer Catalog is that we can run the following command. So what this is going to do is take that image stream definition that I was just showing you on GitHub, and we'll pipe it into an OCApply command. And this OCApply will run and add it to the OpenShift namespace. So you can see by the output that our GoLang image stream was created successfully. So we can go back out to the Developer Catalog and see that now our filter is showing us we have this Go option available. So what I could do now is actually go through the web console and deploy GoLang source code using this builder image. But instead, what I'm going to do is show you how to do this with ODO from the command line. So we'll come back out to the terminal. And what I need to start with is some local source code. So I'm going to go ahead and clone a GoLang example. And then I will CD into the directory. And just to show you the application that we're going to deploy, it's really simple. All that will happen is when we visit the URL in the web browser, it will return hello, OpenShift. So nothing terribly complex. So to start, what I'm going to do is create a project on my OpenShift cluster. And I can do it with this command. So I will call it GoProject. So now we have a project that we are working with. And then the next step that I want to do is actually see what I have available in my developer catalog with ODO. So by running this command here, it will basically show me all of the builder images that are available to me to deploy an application in our developer catalog. And you'll see here that our GoLang option appears as the second option. And that under the tags property, we can see the versions that we defined in the image stream. So next, I want to actually use this component to deploy this sample application that I have so I can run the following command. And what this will do is it will create a GoLang component. And it will be associated with the local source in this directory. And then we're just going to specify a port that we can expose on the container. So now what has happened is we have created a local configuration. And if you run this ODO config view, you can actually see all of the properties that were created based on that first command that we just ran. So you can see that we are creating a type of GoLang, meaning that we're using that GoLang builder image that we added. We are going to be working with the project, GoProject. You can see the ports that were exposed. And then you can also see the name of the application that we defined. So next, what we need to do is add a URL. And I will specify that I want this to be associated with the GoLang example, and then specify a port. So now that we have these two commands run, we are going to create this GoLang application and have it running out on OpenShift. And we have a URL to expose it by. So the last command that we need to run is ODOPUSH. So for anyone who's familiar with Git, it's just like working with Git in the sense that you are working on your local changes.  So you have control of when everything is actually deployed out to OpenShift, just like you would in terms of how you would actually push source code up in Git. So now that I run this ODOPUSH command, you'll see that it is just taking everything that we have in our local configuration, and it is going to push it up to our OpenShift project on our OpenShift cluster. So to wait for this to finish, what I'm going to do is go ahead and pause the video for right now. So you can see by the results here in the output that our command ran successfully, and it pushed everything up from our local configuration up to our OpenShift cluster. So now we can actually go back out to the cluster and go into the project that was created using ODO. And you'll see that we have our application all set up here and that we have this URL available to expose the application. So we can go ahead and run this and it will display Hello OpenShift just as we expected. So what's really nice about using builder images is it allows us to encapsulate an infrastructure pattern so we can really focus on how we develop source code instead of how it's actually hosted. So we define it once and we can share it with anyone. But what's also really nice about a tool like ODO is it allows you to very easily use these builder image infrastructure patterns. And so you can very quickly iterate on what it is you're doing locally and push it up to your OpenShift environment to verify everything is running as expected. So I hope this video was helpful in introducing some useful workflows around how you can work with OpenShift with tools like Builder Images and ODO. And if you have any further questions, I'd encourage you to read this blog post and either respond in video comments or also in blog post comments. I'd be happy to dig further into anything that anyone might be wondering about. So thank you so much for your time.


Now, I think we've got one of the hardest jobs in Davos this morning with the panel anticipating the Middle East in 2024. I'm pretty excited for our guests, and I think we're going to have a lively discussion. To the left of me, I have Barack Ravid from Axios. Thanks so much for joining us. We have Jane Harmon, chair of the Freedom House in the US, and then we have Mum Mood, Sariela Garland from the Middle East Institute and the Atlantic Council. There's plenty of news this morning, so I think we can get straight into it. Barack, I want to start with you. Throughout the week, we've heard collectively from Arab nations and others that there is no way to peace except with a Palestinian state. From what it appears, the Israeli government has no appetite for that at the moment. What is going to change Netanyahu's mind? What will change his mind, or what's his end game? Nothing. It's, look, we're, you know, the guy's in office for quite some time, right? He's in politics for 30 years, prime minister for 15 years, and over the years, including in places like this, there was this perception of him as, you know, he might be conservative, but he's sort of a middle-of-the-road conservative, okay? I don't know. Trying to find a good comparison, I don't know, Mitt Romney of Israel or the, I don't know, something like that, John McCain, okay? But that's not true for almost, I think, seven years. And he's been going through a process of radicalization that I think started in the election in 2015 when he won against all odds. This process of radicalization continued when his criminal investigations started and slowly but surely he became more and more politically dependent on the radical right in Israel, including in recent years the most Jewish supremacist and racist elements who were on the fringes of Israeli politics but were normalized by Netanyahu. We've seen this happening in other countries, including very major countries in the world. It's a phenomenon we see everywhere. But Netanyahu normalized those people, and today those people are basically holding his government and his coalition, and he's totally dependent on them. Therefore, he cannot move an inch, okay, without their permission. And I don't see people like, I don't know if everybody here knows the names, Itamar Ben-Gvir, a guy who was convicted for supporting a terrorist organization. He's now the minister in charge of the police, okay? It's Balcalil Smotrich, a person who said that Israel should burn the village of Hawara in the West Bank on its inhabitants. He's the minister of finance. He's also a minister in the Ministry of Defense in charge of the West Bank, okay? And those two people who have 14 seats in a coalition of 64 are basically the ones who are calling the shots in Israel. And Netanyahu's alternative to those people is to go to prison because he's on trial for quite some time now. And so when that's the case, I don't see him agreeing to anything that even resembles a Palestinian state. Jane, I see you nodding your head. I mean, do we start to see a shift in Israeli politics? What do you think before we can get to a point of recognition of the Palestinian state by Israel? Well, first, I read in, I think, the Wall Street Journal two days ago that the coalition is becoming shakier, that there are some people on both... Well, there's no one on the left in his coalition, but that Abeni Gantz, for example, is thinking about whether he really needs... wants to be in this war cabinet anymore, et cetera. So just maybe this government will shatter from within. But I'm sitting here agreeing with this. I think Bibi Netanyahu's agenda is survival, personal survival. And I don't think U.S. policy should be hinged to Bibi Netanyahu. I mean, we have to be respectful that he's the elected leader of Israel, but that doesn't mean that our policy has to be to help him survive. And I am really strongly against that. I think we should be more aggressive right now. I'm talking about the U.S. in terms of embracing the pathway to two states. And I think what's going on in the Sunni Arab world is constructive. We've played a role in that. And I don't think we should, you know, let them decide everything that we're for. But I think the pathway to two states is the best guarantee of Israel's security. I listened carefully to Bougie Herzog yesterday, who I really like in respect. His brother is the current Israeli ambassador to the U.S., another lovely man, and his family history is storied in Israel. And he was saying how terrified all the Israelis are. I agree, and I think the trauma of October 11th, which happened to be my son's 50th birthday, is never going away. However, if you want to protect Israelis, find a path to a two-state solution where the neighbors of Israel have hope and are represented by a capable government. That's another piece that has to be put in here. And the pledge of that government is to protect the security of their own citizens, but the security of Israel. What Israel is doing now, what I would call excessive carpet bombing of Gaza, is just radicalizing the population that remains there. And that's worse for its security. I want to bring you in here. I mean, from your perspective, is Israel winning or losing this war? We've heard what the end game is. It is to crush Hamas. Is that what we're seeing? Are we seeing Hamas being crushed? And where are we in that process? I guess it will all depend on the survival of the prime minister in Israel. And one thing that we are witnessing is the radicalization of the Palestinian society. And I think it's far-fetched that the two-state solution is around the corner. So the topic that we're discussing, I think clearly indicates that we're here for long-term levels of conflict in the region. And Israel obviously is in the mood of self-preservation and hedging and national security. And that's very different than the purposes of other countries like Iran. Iran is in a mood of conflict protraction. The United States is in the mood of conflict management. GCC countries, Jordan and Egypt, they have an interest in conflict settlement. Russia is interested in promoting conflict entanglements for the United States. So we have a geopolitical, geostrategic landscape where interests barely converge on a regional solution to the conflicts that are ongoing. I mean, so do we see an escalation in 2024 or do you think there's any chance of a pause? Where are we going? That's to all three of you, so you're going to have to jump in first. Juan, do you want to start? Well, at the moment, things don't look very good. And I was listening to that phrase, conflict management. I would say if the U.S. wants to manage the conflict in the U.S. in the Middle East and pivot to Asia, I think we've maybe discredited that term by now. It needs to embrace a pathway to two states. I didn't say tomorrow, but I think that without doing that, there will never be conflict management. And if that happens, the outlier is Iran. I don't have anything good to say about Iran's foreign policy at the moment. It is emboldening a variety of terror groups and training them and equipping them. And we have to face that. But if the entire neighborhood other than Iran is on the other side and has a vision of peace, Iran will be more contained. And if the Arab street is less inflamed, that could happen.  Why would I have run for Congress, served in Congress for nine terms? But my point is, if the Arab street is less inflamed and the rhetoric is different and the narrative changes, that makes it harder, I think, for Iran to radicalize all the young people that it's radicalizing now. Mamoud, I see you smiling. Do you think that Iran will remain isolated throughout the next, throughout 2024? It won't need to be brought into the tent in any way for us to say peace. If I may share this work that I did with this audience. Exactly 25 years ago, I wrote a book on Iranian foreign policy and I argued, that was in Farsi, I argued that Iran is under the illusion that it can be a political or a military power in the region. No Arab country will accept Iranian political or military dominance in the region and I think that also includes the Shia Iraq. So even before the revolution, the Shah's foreign policy was misguided. Post-revolutionary foreign policy is miscalculated and I think Iran is wasting its national resources in promoting this kind of a foreign policy. And my estimate would be that it's going to take at least 10 years from my observations of the country for Iran to realize that the real ingredients of power are not military, rather capital markets, you know, platform companies and development of national infrastructure and integrating with the rest of the region economically. So I think as long as Iran is interested in economic integration, the region will welcome it. But if Iran is pursuing a military dominant policy in the region, I don't think any country in the region and that includes Turkey and the Caucasus region will welcome it. But at the same time, regarding your question, I think Iran has a devastated economy and one of the reasons why Iran has this reactive kind of a approach to regional conflicts is because of the implications on its economy. But Iran also has a history of foreign policy with a lot of U-turns. I mean, look at what happened in the Caucasus region. Total Iranian silence with the geopolitical changes in the Caucasus. So Iran will intervene as long as it can manage it in the short term, but if it damages its economy, I don't think it will escalate. And this also coincides with American kind of larger global outlook that I think the U.S. is so interested in kind of making sure that Iran is not provoked into weaponizing its nuclear program. And I think that's the main stream American policy towards Iran. And as long as that is not activated, I think that will satisfy the larger geopolitical interests of the United States. So do you think the Saudi Iran detente can hold? Barack, I'm going to come to you on that. What's the red line for that? A Kenneth fracture? Again, I don't think it's connected to other things in the region. I think both Saudi Arabia and Iran had a lot of shared interests that they, especially I think Yemen, maybe number one, both countries wanted just to sort of end it or at least reach a long-term truce, as we've seen the last more than a year. And economically, both Iran and Saudi Arabia have a lot of interest to promote trade and things like that and to try and at least cool down the tensions between the Saudi access if there is one and what the Iran calls the access of resistance. And I think they managed to do it pretty well. And I don't think, or at least I think the Saudis don't see necessarily, for example, not that they see it anytime soon, but they don't see their rapprochement with Iran contradictory to their efforts to normalize relations with Israel. I think they think both can live in the same time. Jane? I don't see it that way, at least not in the short term. That would be a dream. Why wouldn't it that Iran and the rest of the Middle East could be integrated economically? It makes all the sense in the world, especially since their economy is in tatters because of our sanctions and their repressive policies. But I think the Qataris are interested in this rapprochement with Iran and have been for a long time, and that is why they were boycotted a few years back by the rest of the Sunni Arab world, which was very worried about it. I think this deal, if it ever happens, excludes Iran for the moment. And I think being excluded and being isolated will, I hope, cause positive change in Iran, not negative change. But I think they are empowering the Houthis. They can deny that. All these terror groups that they have spawned now have agendas of their own, and they're lethal in their own rights. But basically, this would not have happened. And I think that was the view of the Sunni Arab states that the conflict in Yemen would not have happened if Iran had not provoked the Civil War. I was in Yemen, I don't know, 10 or 15 years ago as a member of Congress. It had four functioning political parties. I wouldn't say it was great. It had a huge shortage of water because everybody uses water to make cotton, which is this narcotic and all the men wear these ropes of cotton around their necks and then they have their little swords. I mean, it was quite an amazing place to go. But that's all shattered now. There's no political capacity. And the Civil War, I think, started by Iran is being fueled by Iran. We've just talked about the Houthis, but let's bring up another group in this axis of resistance. Do you think we've seen enough restraint from Hezbollah that we won't see them enter? Mahmoud? Can I also say something about the Iranian Saudi? I prefer to use transactional agreement. I wouldn't use rapprochement. I think that's too strong. And I wouldn't be surprised if the relationship breaks down because I think it's just an understanding. And I think the introduction to the kind of a renewed relationship had a lot to do with what happened last year in Iran with the protests. And I think Iran learned that Saudi Arabia is in touch with the Iranian opposition and it is feeding the Iranian opposition and that's why they try to kind of accommodate Saudi Arabia in return for Iranian understanding that they're not going to kind of galvanize the Houthi movement and operations in Yemen. But already I think we're seeing some signs of breaking down. So I'm not sure if it's going to be sustainable. But on Lebanon, I think it is very clear that Iran is not interested to escalate because this time around is not going to be like 2006. And there is a great chance that Hezbollah might be devastated through not only Israeli operations but also American involvement in the operation. And Lebanon is an extremely vulnerable country in society. So I think Iran would like to kind of send messages to its enemies in the region and also the United States. But I don't think they're interested in escalating. And we also need to understand that Iran is a country that does not believe as its first priority in economic development. So it is more or less a security species. It's like China in the 1950s and early 1960s. So because they don't have those economic sensitivities, any large-scale involvement of Iran in the region will even break down its economy. So I think they will do everything to de-escalate. Is that the view you're saying from Israel? I think what we saw at the very early stage of the war is that Hezbollah realized that they don't need to go on an all-out escalation against Israel in order to have a lot of impact. And they managed through, let's say, pretty limited military operations, basically most of it focused on the line of contact on the border and on firing anti-tank missiles or mortars on Israeli outposts at the border. They managed and Israeli villages along the border. They managed to create sort of what Israel used to call 30 years ago the security strip, but it was on the Lebanese side of the border. Hezbollah managed to do it on the Israeli side of the border and basically led to the evacuation of almost 100,000 Israelis from their homes. And with very, again, very limited military action. And at least at the moment, it seems that they want to keep it that way. Just after the assassination of Hamas official in Beirut, Saleh Ha'uri, a lot of people in Israel thought Hezbollah will launch rockets as far as Haifa and on Israeli civilian targets and not only military targets, and they did not do that. They focused on military targets and also, again, very limited military action. So it seems that at least at the moment, Hezbollah wants to keep it that way because they think it's working. If I could just comment on the comment on the economic view of the regime in Iran that they're happy to have the 1950s. Oh, my God. My congressional district is in Los Angeles. I grew up there. I still live there part-time. It's called Tererangelis, where most of the Iranian diaspora lives. They're bright. They're engaged. They still have relatives in Iran and they despair about that. They're totally anti-regime. But my sense of, and you're much closer to this than I am, my sense of the population in Iran is that they don't want to be in the 1950s. They view they have a repressive government. Women and girls obviously just rebelled, sadly, the rebellion has not gotten as far as it should. But I can imagine the society being violently opposed to the view of the Ayatollahs who obviously have a continuing control. And similarly, in Lebanon, Lebanon, Beirut was the Paris of the Middle East. It was a glorious place. The government functioned. And now it doesn't function. It's a coalition including Hezbollah. And so I think the region's a tinderbox and I think managing that region is going to be very difficult. None of us imagined October 7th, even though Israel, it turns out, had the intelligence, had the plans for the invasion, didn't believe them, and had been quietly telling, at least according to reports, telling Qatar to continue to send payments to Hamas. So we didn't imagine that. I think we're not imagining adequately what else could go wrong in the short term. Just one more. I totally agree that even though we're in this thing for more than 100 days, it is totally possible that the worst is still to come. And I mean, we spoke about Hezbollah and how things are limited there at the moment, but it's not sustainable. Meaning if those skirmishes along the border will continue, it will not stay just those skirmishes, because at the end of the day, Israel needs to allow its citizens to go back to their homes. If that's not going to be possible, they will escalate their military action against Hezbollah. Hezbollah will escalate its own military action and then very fast, you can go into an Israel-Hezbollah war, which will make the war in Gaza look like a walk in the park. We're looking at if that's going to be the case, we're looking at the regional war. It's not that this is going to be something that, again, everything we see now from Syria, the Houthis, it all looked to us like, you know, like we will miss it. And just one add to that. In 2006, I was actually there on the border on a congressional delegation. Don't ask. My children didn't know.  They did not have sophisticated guidance in them. Now the rockets are precision-guided and have the reach to hit Jerusalem. So this could be a huge threat to Israel if they change their strategy. And of course, Reuters lost our journalism when they were on the border during this sort of fighting. So I just want to make sure that we acknowledge that here. One last question on Hezbollah. Is there an upside? Is there a possibility that the negotiations over Israel returning citizens to that area could provide a diplomatic negotiation that we haven't seen so far in other places? I think there is a potential. The US is trying to do that. President Biden's adviser, Hamas Hoekstin, is dealing with this thing. I have to say I think the pace and the intensity of the US diplomatic efforts on containing the situation between Israel and Hezbollah are not in line with how concerned the White House is about the regional war. And those efforts, in my opinion, should be much more robust than they are right now. And again, they are taking place, but the US needs to put much more pressure on both sides and on regional partners more than it does right now. And I'm not saying they do nothing, but they need to do more because if we don't... If the border between Lebanon and Israel does not come down within weeks, it can really blow up. I want to just bring in some of the other regional players that you've talked about. How long can the economies of Egypt, Jordan... I mean, look at Egypt's debt. How long can they sustain this? And how bad is this going to be for not only Iran's economy, but the entire Middle East's economic outlook for 2024?  How much of a factor will that play in diplomatic relations as well? Well, it's a huge problem. Let's remember that Egypt and Jordan have made peace with Israel. Does anyone remember that? And Egypt is terrified that the refugees from Gaza are all Muslim brotherhood, and that's part of their enormous resistance to taking them in. Jordan is a different case. Jordan has taken in, I think, Jordan's population is now about $7 million, a million people. Maybe their economy, too. But they have taken in over a million-and-a-half Syrian refugees and assimilated them. I mean, I give that country highest marks for stepping up and being a good citizen, but a majority or a huge part, I don't think it's a majority of the population, are Palestinian. And if this thing goes on and if there is a major uprising in the West Bank, that blows easily east to Jordan, and Jordan's government is threatened. There's also a suggestion by some. In fact, I understand it was one of Henry Kissinger's last suggestions that the West Bank just be an X to Jordan. I'm a great fan of Henry Kissinger, but that idea, I think, is a really bad idea. And he's not here to push back. But at any rate, seriously, I think the economies are being hit now. I think Israel's economy is being hit in a major way. Foreign investors are pulling out. And a lot of international companies are getting pressure because the narrative is in favor of the Palestinians. I'm not defending that, but that's how people are hearing it. I'm defending the attacks on innocent... I mean, I'm condemning the attacks on innocent civilians, but I am also condemning the outrageous, brutal, unprecedented attack on Israel on October 7th. So I want to just let the audience know we are going to be able to take audience questions. So if you have one, please raise your hand. Before we go to those, here's one that I think is important for us to discuss. The Chances of a Saudi Israel Pact in 2024. That seems like one of the most important political questions. Makhmut, do you want to jump in on that first? Just a few ideas about Egypt and Jordan. I think if we look at the landscape in the Middle East, most likely Jordan and Egypt are going to be preoccupied with their internal issues, particularly economic and social. And Egypt stands out with over 100 million population and deep economic problems. I think GCC will continue to thrive and Iran will be embroiled in its domestic kind of illusion about being a military and political power in the region. And I think on the Gaza Lebanon issue, to some degree it will also depend on the American election. As much as we know, there is this understanding between Iran and the United States that Iran will be able to sell a bit more oil in return for policies of de-escalation in the region so that it can manage its economy. So I think the region is going to have, in parallel, on the one hand continuing conflict and at the same time staggering economic progress. So that's the interesting thing about the Middle East that over the last four decades, the two trends have occurred simultaneously. On the Israeli-Saudi question, I think it's an open kind of a formula for the Saudis. They have not finalized it yet. It will all depend on regional developments. It will depend on Israeli domestic politics, on American election, on how people in Gaza will be resettled and how Palestinian politics is going to play out over the next year or so. So I don't think it's around the corner. It's going to take a longer time than that was perceived before. Is that your view coming from Israel? Yeah, I think if you look at Muhammad bin Salman and the way his thinking on this issue evolved since, let's say, 2018, okay? I think every year that passed with the events that took place, I think he realized that even if for him personally he's not attached to policies of the past, the reality is stronger, and he cannot ignore the Palestinian issue. And before October 7th, the Palestinian issue was supposed to be an element inside a deal, a mega deal with the U.S. and Israel, but was supposed to be a modest one, okay? And definitely nobody was going to condition anything on Palestinian statehood or path toward statehood. It maybe, maybe, maybe it was supposed to be do no harm to the prospect of statehood. And now after October 7th, I think Muhammad bin Salman realizes much more that this is that pathway, not only a pathway, but an irreversible pathway towards Palestinian statehood is a basic condition, and it's going to be the case for at least as long as the Biden administration is in office. I don't know what's going to happen when Donald Trump comes if he comes, if he comes. So fast. But, but, but, you know, I'm telling you, and I had this conversation with Donald Trump for several hours on the Saudi issue, and he's convinced, and I have to say that I think he's right, okay, that if he had a second term, okay, in the first six months of his second term, Saudi Arabia would have normalized relations with Israel. I think that's an accurate assessment, okay? I know people have strong, strong convictions about Donald Trump, but I think that on this one, he was right. So will we say that, Jane, and really let's focus on that Trump thing. Trump comes into office just a scenario. Theoretically. Theoretically. Theoretically. Theoretically. Does the Saudi-Israel deal go through faster with him in office? Okay, I commend Trump for the Abraham Accords. I think that was a gutsy and correct thing to do, and I don't think a Democratic president would have been able to do it. So let's start with that. Having said that, I think that the difference is that Biden, I think Biden needs to push now for this deal, including embracing a pathway to a Palestinian state that's irreconcilable. I think that that's the piece that's crucial, and Biden doing this now will prevent, should there be a Trump term, Trump from not doing it. I think Trump will be interested in the reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Israel, and he won't care about the Palestinians. Let's remember he cut off the aid for the Palestinians. And to be fair, and you said it too, Barak, that there hasn't been much interest in the Sunni Arab world until now in a Palestinian state. Yeah, but I just want to add something about Donald Trump because I think there's something that got sort of, you know, he's responsible that people didn't notice because he was focusing on other stuff. But Donald Trump has put a plan for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the table. You can say that it's good, you can say that it's bad, but he put a plan on the table. Joe Biden did not, okay? That's a fact. And I think from, again, from speaking to Donald Trump a long time about this, I think that if Donald Trump comes in for a second term, it will be very hard for Benjamin Netanyahu to deal with Trump on the Palestinian issue. Trump is going to be much, much, much tougher on this thing because, as you know, he wants the deal that nobody was able to get, okay? He's the man of the deal, whatever. But, but his Donald Trump's conclusion from four years of dealing with Benjamin Netanyahu was the same conclusion Bill Clinton had and the same conclusion Barack Obama had and that Netanyahu doesn't want peace. So if Donald Trump comes back, BB is in a big problem. So do you want to give the audience a chance to ask a question? If you have one, please raise your hand. But I also want to come back to this discussion. Could you just say your name? That is Murad, peak value. My question is the following. Israel, from my point of view, is a racist country that is following apartheid policy. Abolishing this stance and this policy, wouldn't it lead ultimately to a one state in which the Israelis and the Palestinians live together? Thank you. So I'm going to, I'm going to give you that. I'm going to take that question first. Okay. Is there any chance of a one state solution, Barack? Give us your view on that. First, you know, I, sir, I have to say that I, with respect, I totally disagree with the premise of your question. And I'll tell you why. And many people in places like this don't realize that. The majority of Israelis right now in Israel feel like orphans. You know why? Because their whole world view was shattered on October 7th. Okay? Because they're liberal. Okay? And the people who were massacred on October 7th, those who were raped, those who were beheaded, those who were tied together and burned in their homes, they're the most progressive and liberal people in the country. Okay? Those who they took Palestinians from Gaza and drove them to hospitals in Israel. And those are the people who were massacred. Those are the victims. Okay? And there's a big constituency for that in Israel. Okay? There's also a constituency that is very anti-Palestinian and is Jewish supremacist and is racist. I'm not denying that at all. But this big part of society, which I think is the majority, feel orphans because they look at people in places like this and they see that people that they thought had the same world view like them now are telling them that they're murderers, that they're committing genocide, that they're doing this, that they're doing that. And on the other hand, when they look at their leadership, it's the leadership that they don't believe in. Right. So I think this is something that needs to be in, not in the back of your mind, but in the front of your mind when you try and look at the situation in Israel. Okay? And about one state. I agree that at least for now, I do not see a prospect, again, at least if there's no political change, both in Israel and in Palestine. Okay? There's not going to be a two-state solution. We are on the highway towards a one-state, it's not a solution, it's a one-state reality. Okay? If anybody thinks that it's a solution, look at what happened on October 7th. In a one-state reality, October 7th will happen every day. Okay? And good luck to us all. So, but we're going there. And in the West Bank, okay? It's a, we see the one-state reality in the West Bank right now. When you have settlers and Palestinians, settlers have rights, Palestinians don't. Okay? And this is where this thing is going. So, Jane, you want to? I don't think we're going there. And I know we don't have to go there. I think words like racist, genocide, apartheid are inflammatory and not helpful to the discussion. And I do remember, and my dear friends, Stu Eisenstadt, sitting right there, will remember that Jimmy Carter wrote a book and used apartheid in the title, which was unnecessary to the points he was making. And many of us made that point at the time. He didn't listen. But the one-state solution could go the other way. Let's think about that. I met with Momar Gaddafi, I'm sorry to tell all my war stories, but I was there in his tent insert in the early 2000s. And he gave me a book, which I can't find. I could find it. I could make a fortune on eBay. But I can't find it. The name of his book was Israel time. His argument was the landmass of Israel is way too small for two states. And therefore, we should have a democracy small d there. And certainly at the time, the Arab birth rate was much higher with the Orthodox Jews, the Israeli birth rate is getting higher. But let's imagine that the state of Israel is wiped out. Now, for me, just personally given my own family history, I think that's a horror to imagine. What I want to imagine is two states living side by side in security and peace. And I do think we can get there and I urge the Biden administration to move faster and put pressure on BB now. And if the coalition dissolves, oh dear. But I think the right course for Israel, the right course for Israel is to embrace a two state solution. So let's... We've spoken a lot about BB and Netanyahu, but there is the other side of this. The pathway to a Palestinian state is going to come with strong leadership out of Palestine. Are we seeing someone who could play that role? How do we get to a point where Hamas is not the party you need to negotiate with? First, you don't... You finish... You end the situation where you have a president who is in his, I don't know, 18th year of four year term. Okay, I'm speaking about President Abbas. And the biggest mistake the Biden administration did in its first year when it comes to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the fact that it allowed Abbas to postpone the elections once again. There is a massive political change that needs to happen on the Palestinian side, that it needs to go through elections. You have 5 million Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza that did not choose their leadership for years. So how would we... How would we expect any change if people cannot... People are so disenfranchised and have no ability to determine their own leadership? I want to bring you in here. Who can take the Palestinians in terms of leadership? Who do we see coming up? I think in the short to medium term, it's a total stalemate. And the two-state solution is not on the horizon. So we will continue to see a breakdown of conflict resolution in the region. And that will postpone the enlargement of the Abraham Accords. That will put pressure on the GCC countries to expand relations with Israel. So as I said, I think that does not interfere with economic growth of GCC. That's going to thrive. But on the Palestinian-Israeli issue, I think in the foreseeable future, we have a stalemate. Okay, we've only got a minute left, so I'm going to get you each to say very quickly, do we see a ceasefire in 2024? If we have moved, let's start with you. I think it will depend on the American election and dynamics within Israeli. So we're not really. But again, I think the U.S. will do its best to achieve this. But it is unlikely. Calling it a ceasefire probably won't get anywhere with Israel, but calling it a humanitarian pause and a change in strategy, again, if the U.S. pushes harder, could happen and it gets to the same place. I mean, if we could find a way, and maybe I'm still the optimist to begin this pathway, not tomorrow morning, to a two-state solution, I think we could also find a pathway to demilitarizing the West Bank. And I don't think Israel is going to be able to do that with bombs. Okay, Barack, last word to you. If you want a ceasefire, and I really hope that there will be, you need to release the hostages. And this thing will end the war, okay? And everybody knows this in Israel. Netanyahu knows this. He's not admitting it. But if there is a deal on the hostages, the war will end. And therefore, I think this is where everybody needs to push right now. I wanted to say one word. I think one variable we need to incorporate into our analysis is the Israeli economy. And will there be pressures in Israel to come to terms with this issue because it is hurting the Israeli economy? So that's going to be an area that we need to look at. Okay, well, we're out of time, but I do want to thank all three of you. And I also want to thank you for having such a civil dialogue. I think it really helps. Thanks a lot.