This is the Nomadic X300, it's a projector that I've had my eye on for quite a while and although this has been released a while back, I was really interested in reviewing this purely because of the design, this makes it seem like for me personally, one of the most beautifully designed projectors I've seen in a very long time. A lot of the projectors that you see nowadays will actually look like a projector. This one specifically will look more like a very high-quality premium high-based Bluetooth speaker which actually has a functionality of being a projector as well. I'll showcase to you guys what I mean, let's go ahead and open and take everything out of the box. So you have a little accessories box here, USB-C to USB-C cable, you have your power adapter, the power plug, a very high quality gold plated auxiliary cable for your audio output, remote control, this has a very nice design, we've got a little colored ring around the menu buttons there, so you've got the power button, focus button, menu plus and minus for the volumes, play and pause and a mute button there. It comes with two AAA batteries inside the box, like so. This is pretty cool, you have a very nicely designed Nomadic cleaning brush so if you wanted to clean any part of the projector, this is a very portable wireless projector and it is built for outdoors as well, so in case you do get any dirt on it, it'll be very easy to clean with a brush like this. You have a quick start guide and some warranty information there, a microfiber cleaning cloth, these are some very nice high-quality looking premium rose gold legs for the projector that you can also attach as a separate thing and finally this is the projector itself and let's dive in a little bit more with the design because this is the one thing that stands out more to me than any of the many projectors I've reviewed in the past. Now the design of this, I can't say I've seen any other projector that has such a beautiful design like this because by looking at it, this does not look like a projector at all, this looks like a very powerful premium Bluetooth speaker that you can see you've got an entire mesh there at the front, it comes in this kind of darker military green and rose gold kind of color combination but the main thing you'll notice is that you can't see the LED lamp where you can project your actual content from and I'll show you where that is and you guys may already know but looking at the top you have a few buttons here, let's just take a look at that. For me I'm a big fan of having knobs like this to control various different things, I think it's a lot easier and quicker than having physical or touch capacitive buttons, you have here the play and pause that you can press for the first one, volume control as well to turn that around, two additional knobs to control various different things which I'll showcase when I set this up, you have yourself the focus lever that you can gently press up and down as well, Bluetooth button, auxiliary button and then a mute button as well and on the front you'll see in rose gold that the sound produced by this is done by Harman Kardon Audio which is a very premium audio company so I can expect a lot of bass and a lot of good punchiness audio coming from this, just down the left you have the power button which is like an analog stick which is very nice you just switch it to the left to turn it on, micro SD card if you wanted to play content from there you have your auxiliary port, the audio out, USB, HDMI, USB-C port as well which you can actually not only power the device but actually get some additional power by using a power bank to power this if you are outdoors and you want to use the wireless internal battery capacity on this then you have your DC input there as well. At the bottom this is where you'll see you have those three rubber black legs here but you can actually unscrew these off and replace them with the gold ones that I showed you that came in the box those are made more if you wanted to set this up more in a permanent position inside your home but if you are going to take this outdoors and I will take this outdoors to showcase the quality of this then it's better to leave these rubber black ones in place in case you wanted to maybe place it on the grass or on a floor so it doesn't make anything else a little bit more dirty.  This is quite a unique way to actually reflect and play content because you can actually reposition the angle of your projection by moving this up and down. In fact if you open this fully the LED lamp will just point upwards and you can actually place something on your ceiling if you place this down on your bed. Now before we go ahead and set this up some of the key specifications to highlight to you this is actually 1080p native and it does upscale to 4k it does have 300 ANSI lumens of brightness and it has dual 16 watt speakers using Harman Kardon audio. This has a 10,000 milliamp hour battery which allows up to six hours of audio playback if you use this as a Bluetooth speaker but it also gives you three hours of video playback if you use it as a projector but like I mentioned you can also extend that life if you do connect this to a power bank if you wanted to really utilize the wireless capability of this and lastly it does have inbuilt custom OS that allows you to stream your favorite streaming apps like Netflix and so on. I've got the projector set up here now I just wanted to mention that although I do have it on a tripod this projector doesn't require a tripod it can actually sit comfortably on the floor and you can angle it pretty much as high as you want with this little mirror which I think is quite nice as well so you don't need to go out and buy a separate tripod for it you can place it even on a desk or a table wherever you like and it works perfectly fine. I'm going to now turn it on and run it purely off of the internal battery just going to use the switch I've opened up the lamp and I've positioned the mirror let's go ahead and turn this switch on this is actually a very quiet projector to be honest it's one of the quietest projectors that I've used and have seen in all of my projector reviews I can barely hear anything coming from this but even on top of that the audio quality from the Bluetooth speaker as you can hear it's going to be loud enough to drown out any type of noise you'll hear from the fan internally of this projector. Okay so this doesn't have Android TV they have their own custom OS which does have a set of applications which I'll go through just on the top right hand side of the screen you can see the battery life to see how much battery maybe is remaining on the projector so you have a HDMI source here on the left you can go down to USB-C connects like a USB-C external SSD hard drive for example but this also doubles up as a input power port if you wanted to maybe power this using the USB-C input you have local inbuilt storage as well you can actually connect through a USB and microSD you can manage all of the files with any of those connections through file management you also have app center which I'll showcase in a second let's have a look at settings so here you can connect to your network settings change the date and time you have basic settings so you can actually switch between the projector projection if you go into here you can switch between front table is which is what I have it set at you can actually go to rear table front ceiling and rear ceiling so if you did want to mount this on the ceiling you have that option available you can do vertical and horizontal keystone correction from here but the keystone correction can also be done with the two knobs that I will show casing at the beginning of this video in the design of the projector let me just show you a quick demo of doing that so you have the horizontal and vertical keystone correction knobs on the projector itself if I twist this you'll see just on the bottom right the horizontal keystone is happening I can twist that back I'll set it back to zero and then the same with the vertical one like so it's a quick and nice way to get the keystone correction sorted and then you also have the focus slider which you just press upwards it brings the focus and you can change it up and down until you get the perfect focus of your screen then you also have some advanced settings you can do a firmware upgrade and see information about the projector as well like the serial number etc you also have the option to screen mirror so if you have an iPhone or an Android phone you can also screen mirror quite easily by following these steps I've also screen mirror with my iPhone it was very quick and easy and it was done the very first time I had no problems doing it and then you can also connect to Bluetooth so you can connect your phone and play music using the Bluetooth speaker and go into speaker mode but you can also connect other devices headphones etc if you wanted to connect this to any external HDMI source to stream all your favorite content and apps you can do something like this as well so if you have an Amazon fire stick or use something like what I have which is an Apple TV you can just simply connect it to the HDMI port and then connect all of your streaming apps that you'd like to watch content on so that's everything I wanted to showcase from the OS point of view now let's go ahead and see how this sounds and how it plays back the video and the quality by playing some demo videos from YouTube okay I've darkened the room and now I'm going to play a couple of demo videos with you from YouTube I just wanted to point out how I actually see this in person and how I actually hear the audio in person might be slightly different to how you hear and see the video depending on what device you're watching this on so make sure you do have some headphones as well to get an idea of how clear and how punchy the audio is coming from this projector but let's go ahead and play this sample video this will have a lot of vibrant colors in there and it will also have some audio and dialogue which will be quite important to hear how powerful the speaker actually is on the X 300 so let's go ahead and hit play right now you can see how vibrant how loud the audio was how clear it was there absolutely wasn't any fan noise whatsoever from the projector which is very important for me and I just wanted to highlight this is only 300 ANSI lumens but the clarity that you actually get from this 1080p video that I just played you was actually on par of being one of the most premium that I've had in a lot of my projector reviews now to really showcase the quality on the speaker of this projector I'm going to play back this next demo video from Dolby Audio and it's going to be very cinematic so hopefully you guys get an idea of how punchy this sounds even with the volume set to only 25 which is at the halfway point from its max volume this is Dolby Cinema it's where the most advanced cinematic technology you've ever experienced begins this is Dolby Atmos the number of speakers around you no longer matters because this is the world's first object-based cinematic audio with powerful moving audio that transcends from channels to moving around you with 10 point accuracy whether the soundscape sits the mood of a scene or captures the full extent of nature's fury remember this it's just the beginning of Dolby Vision because what you thought was black isn't this is black this is contrast that reveals details deeper than any image you've seen on a screen this is luminance that means the difference between white and pure energy energy that is about to reveal an entire universe of color you've never experienced in the cinema now the audio on this is probably one of the best audio that I've had in any projector I've reviewed and I've reviewed many many projectors in the past using this as just a Bluetooth speaker on its own I think is going to be really valuable for really getting the best audio experience whether you're listening to music you just want to play back something from Spotify and I can even see myself using this during my workouts as a Bluetooth speaker in my home gym but when it comes to watching content and having that full cinematic experience the audio mixed with the quality of the video which I've just played back in 1080p HDR mode I think that combination for this x300 is a no brainer and it's probably one of my favorite projectors I've used till date okay now I just have the Spotify app open and I wanted to play this example audio file this is a very high quality speaker and I just wanted to play some music with it just so you guys can hear how good this sounds with the Harman Kardon 16 watt stereo speakers built into this let's go ahead and play this and I'm sitting very close to the projector as well so you guys can hear very clearly how good this sounds but please make sure to remember to wear some headphones when you are listening to this if possible and hopefully this gives you an idea of how powerful this can be so I'm just going to pause it there and as you guys saw I only went up to halfway point again on the audio I don't dare to go to full maximum volume because this will bring the house down that's how powerful this is and for me I'm amazed at the quality on this just knowing that if I wanted to use this as a Bluetooth speaker on its own in addition to knowing this is also a projector that I can watch my movies on that for me is actually worth the value of money that you can actually buy this with now let's go ahead and test this outdoors see how it looks when it is darker outside in the evenings because this is very much made to be portable and to be used outdoors so let's set this up with one of the white walls I have in my back garden and see how it performs in an outdoor setting okay so now I am outdoors at nighttime I've got the projector set up I've got it in focus I'm displaying it on my white wall on my garage here so let's go ahead and play a demo video see how this works when it's on a full wireless setup okay so now I've connected a USB because I wanted to make this a demo of being a completely outdoor projector whereby you may put some movie files some TV shows on your USB you would connect it there was no cables involved whatsoever so I don't have this plugged into any outlet so let's go ahead and play this demo and see how clear this also looks when it's projected onto a white wall if you are going to be playing this outdoors this looks extremely clear and high quality one of my favorite outdoor projectors I can see myself enjoying this outdoors especially in the summer nights you can see how dark it is and this is super bright this is a 4k video that I put on to the USB and it just comes out so great so hopefully this review was useful for you guys to see the quality of this projector especially when a watch either indoors and outdoors if you did like this and you like the look of this projector and how it performs make sure to give this video a thumbs up make sure to subscribe our review projectors and all things tech new videos out every week and I will catch you guys at the next one


Hi everybody, welcome to this interview with Dr. Sef Alunemans, responsible for acoustics at Siemens-Kamesa. Today we are going to talk a bit about, with you about airfoil self-noise. If I fold this piece of paper, I can say that it looks like an airfoil, a wind turbine blade. Could you please explain us which are the most important sources of noise for a wind turbine? Yes, so this airfoil, you can see this as a blade section, part of a blade, and this blade is moving through the air. So you have an airflow going from the leading edge over the airfoil to the trailing edge. And the most important source of wind turbine noise is trailing edge noise. It's when the flow passes the trailing edge, when it generates sound at the trailing edge. Another potential source of noise could be inflow turbulence noise. When you have turbulence in the oncoming flow, it hits the leading edge of the airfoil, and that could also generate sound of a wind turbine, but that depends on the environment around the wind turbine, if there's a lot of atmospheric turbulence. The third potential source could be a three-dimensional effect, which is the tip of the blade. When you have a pressure difference, you could get a so-called tip vortex, the flow going from the pressure side to the suction side, and that can create also noise from the tip of the blade. Okay, interesting. So you say that the most important one is trailing edge noise. Is there any way to reduce noise of the source? Yes, there are different ways to reduce this trailing edge noise. One of them, the most obvious one, is to reduce the flow speed, because the sound depends very strongly on the flow speed, and that can be done by reducing the RPM of the wind turbine. The second way you could reduce trailing edge noise is by changing the shape of the airfoil in such a way that you maintain the aerodynamic performance, but reduce the thickness of the turbine boundary layer. That also reduces the sound. But the most important way to reduce trailing edge noise is by using blade add-ons, which can be retrofitted on a blade, and the most used example of that is trailing edge serrations. And I brought one here, so this is what they look like. So it's a triangular teeth at the trailing edge, which are mounted like this. So we look basically like this. Of course, in reality, the blades are much bigger, but this is just to give an idea, and this reduces the sound. And can you explain us a bit briefly how do they work? Yes, so normal trailing edge noise, if you have a straight trailing edge, then the turbulence passes the trailing edge at a straight angle. So there's a large discontinuity. If you add the serrations, then the turbulence passes the trailing edge at an angle, at an oblique angle, and this reduces the efficiency of the acoustic radiation. Okay, nice. And is there a way to improve somehow the actual trailing edge serration that you showed us? Yes, it's interesting you ask. Because I brought our latest noise reduction technology, which looks like this. So we still have the teeth here, but we also have finer combs in between the teeth. And what this concept is actually inspired by the silent flight of the owl, the bird. It can fly much quieter than other birds, and people think it's because of special features on the wings of an owl. And we try to mimic this natural feature by applying these combs in between the teeth, and that gives us an even larger noise reduction than with the standard serrations. Okay, very nice. Interesting. So thank you. Thank you for being with us and for your time. It was really interesting to learn about this. You're welcome. Thanks again for watching us.


It has such power to tell stories, music in itself, even without words, music tells stories and music connects with the past, it connects with identities, it connects with history, it connects with personal histories. And so that's why I think music and history makes such a wonderful combination. To deal with the history of the whole region, who is very crucial in the perspective of the history of West Africa, because of the geographical position of Senegal, is a very small space. But this small space had the chance to have all the ecological systems of West Africa, the Sahel, the Savannah, and the forest and the mangrove, all together at the peak at the end of this continent. And at the same time, it is the summary, the summary of the whole of West Africa that you can find in this small space. And so I think our identity can be explained by the ecological factor, but also the historical factor dominated by the importance of the Atlantic since the 15th century. And so we can say today what is permanent is the diversity of the identities that we can find there, but also the brassage, the mixing of all these identities all together. It is with human generation that feels Gambia and Senegal are two different countries. My father never accepted that and he never believes Gambia and Senegal is not one country because these words were not in his vocabulary when he was born and growing up. The concept of Senegal has been given to us by foreign colonies and Gambia also has been given us by foreign colonies. So it is we who should come out with the acceptance or the denial. Are we going to stay called ourselves Gambians and Senegalese or are we going to call ourselves Africans or Senegalese? So this song is about that. There is a lot of power and a lot of energy and you can help this person. I think that Gambia ended up having a decisive role in the national liberation struggle. I think that Gambia also ended up saying no, we want our freedom, our musical expression and we want our truth, our identity and our history. So religion as far as Guinea-Bissau is concerned, it both continues from the youth point of view, but it is also a discontinuity. So religion going back to what we had yesterday from Maneka, I would like to use that word. Religion in Guinea-Bissau is more of a gumbe rather than a practice of one particular belonging that may be without Catholicism, Islam or Protestantism. Or African tradition of religion for that matter. I'm not talking about gumbe religion here as a mixture or mixing. I struggle with that word in my book and in other articles that I have published. I use the word creolisation, but creolisation I'm using here not in the sense of mixing, not in the sense of putting things together, but it is a dialogue. In Partisiad's word it is energy field in which things come together. They may not necessarily mix, but they have a form of communicating. And most of the time we play only two chords. One and five. It's one and five. Thank you. When he says a role, we speak of fifteen years. Because a few years ago women already married at thirteen. Normally that shouldn't be done because they are premature. No, they are not young yet. For me they are girls and I don't accept that. But it is the traditional way to fight against that. She is twenty three, she got married when she was eighteen. She had a daughter as her child when she was nineteen. I still think of myself as being young, very young, and I could still enjoy life. Youth is a kind of gendered category. But John, you somehow interpret youth as a kind of age category. And I think that no longer applies to many West African countries, like also what Maikani also used to say. People enter into marriage at a much, well, men enter into a marriage at a much older age. So I think youth is a kind of gendered category. But John, you somehow interpret youth as a kind of age category. You enter into a marriage at a much older age. So I think youth has become a very flexible category. And I think that is also what Al-Sindahan-Wana mentions when she speaks about youth in weight hoots. If Kanran comes out, it is accompanied by about ten young men. Well, they can vary in age. They can be, you know, from six onwards to sixteen. And so the status of the Kanran depends on the age of the people that come to the youth. So clearly this whole heritageization of Kanran comes with new forms of audience, performer-audience relationships. Anyway, just to make the point that although this process of objectification is clearly happening particularly to the performance, meanwhile, youth are still experimenting, exploring new possibilities and continuing to produce an entertaining performance with respect to all the regulations that Elvis and UNESCO might want to implement. What is amazing is about how Senegambia was linked to Louisiana, but also especially what Boeba-Karabari called La Senegambide Cide, Southern Senegambia. The peide-resicuteur, the land of the rice growers, I call it rice land. Something else also survived in Louisiana. Some of you probably know what I'm talking about, the Mardi Gras Indians in New Orleans. This is a way for the black people to acknowledge the help they got from the Indians in the early days of Louisiana, of French Louisiana. Earlier you talked about people singing around the Kankurang. I also heard people singing around the Kankurang about Mamachori. Sabare, Mamachori, Sabare. And Mamachori according to what I was told is Mamajombo. Mamajombo is a deity of fecundity and the protector of mothers and their children among the rice growers of Kazamaz and Guinea-Bissau. And Mamajombo is everywhere until today in Louisiana. They don't call her only Mamajombo, Mamajombo. There is a song, I mean it is a poem. Be careful what you do or Mamajombo, the god of the Congo and all you are the god of the Congo will hood you. In descent communities is something that's passed down from one generation to the next within a griot family. You have to be in the bloodline and that's the way the Sabare knowledge gets passed down. But when you have these situations in which many griot drummers are going elsewhere to Europe, to North America, you start having a shift I think from the importance of the descent community to the affinity community where you have new groups of people, new communities who are not born into the tradition but have come to know Sabare just through their love of drumming. Most of my performance for so many years of being here they are either a band context or a collaborative context so I mostly can play my own music. Either I'm playing Brazilian music or collaborating with different people where you bring something and then you kind of twist it a little bit so that it makes it more interesting to give them a platform to express themselves so it kind of loses the pure traditional context so that way of working, it kind of makes you always keep that in mind in your compositions. So therefore, yeah, that kind of changes a lot the way I approach Kora. The sense of listening to a lot of other instruments I can like to listen to a lot of different instruments. So I'm trying to really change my passion because the Balakon is something that is very fast. In Europe here, we don't really understand what Balakon is today we don't really understand it, it's too fast. If I try to play while people are asleep they listen to my music while I'm asleep. The song I'm going to play is a very old song.  I tried to sleep and listen. Now if you want people to listen to this or to do what they are relaxing then you try to do it. And this is the original bit. Fission, convergences, divergences, boundaries and transcending various levels. So for me as a linguist, it always meant that I found it was an essential task for us to try and make sense of this dichotomy of your Kazanot where we have more than 30 named languages and a great cultural convergence yet this extreme multilingualism and the maintenance of these very complex repertoires. So you have this fusion, this mixed passage that we have evoked all the time yet you have this maintenance of we are Bailuk in some context we are Gujjahar, Nandianjahar in some context we are Jola in other context. That's not seen as a contradiction but as a particular contextualized social political identity. So small vulnerable groups that needed to maintain these close ties and needed to multiply alliances and they could not become similar because at the same time this was the epicenter of these transatlantic slave trade so they needed to be able to other groups or individuals because they needed to participate in the slave trade in order to be able to protect themselves at the same time so it's a very dialectic identity and I think maintaining multiple identities and indexing them also through different languages in different contexts was a strategic tool to maintain that so it would be similar and different in the right context. The thing that has been remarkable for me, the thread that has bound it all together is the holistic way in which we have to view of the region and of course that's one of the things which makes our job or certainly my job teaching in this city difficult because of course Western academia divides into discipline and categorize and one of the things we've seen is just how inappropriate that is as a way of thinking about this region. This has been a great conference it's so good to have history and music brought together it's so great to bring in all of these people from all over the world, multilingual conference and a conference in which people have been laid back and not constrained by having to read boring papers not one single person has gone to sleep during any of these sessions which is the highest praise I can give it it's been fun and it's also been a fantastic learning curve for most of us I think. Great, great conference.


Thank you very much and it's a great pleasure to be invited to speak here, it's a fantastic venue and I'm really happy to discover this morning that the home of data for edu-service Swindon, I'm into big data projects and so I'll be looking for some space on the servers hopefully. I'm going to talk about mobile, mobile, mobile, which was actually the phrase that Eric Schmidt used of Google when he spoke at the Mobile World Congress where he was trying to say that mobile is everything now and it's the platform. So hopefully I'm going to give you some insights into why that might be the case and why it's not just about the iPhone but other things beyond that. Just a little bit about myself so you know where I'm coming from. I'm not an educationist at all, I'm not in the education area. I call myself a mobilist because I do all things mobile, technology, business, even the kind of philosophical aspects of it. I've been 20 years in this sector really since the beginning of digital cellular. I have 16 patents in this technology. I've worked on projects in most places so I know pretty much what's going on around the world in mobile and I was the founder of one of the earliest if not the earliest mobile startup in Europe and I've been chief architect for Motorola. Recently started the O2 incubator program for startups and I'm a hacker so I still build stuff and I'm an author, I've got several books and there's a new one coming out this year but for today I'm the kind of setting the scene guy to give you a flavor for the state of the art if you like of mobile and what's happening. I think a good starting place is to think about where we've come from when we are now and a lot of people talk about this mobile 2.0 or 2.0 idea and there's a lot of you know fluff in these kind of definitions but I think what sums it up is on the left there is the Nokia 7110. Did anyone own one of these devices? Okay you're the old hands, the original mobilists. This was back in 1999, it was the first case of an internet capable device. You could connect to the internet albeit badly through some WAP pages, very clunky user experience and now we've moved over to this phase where we have with the iPhone and many other devices like it now the first internet centric mobile device where internet is really at the center of the device and it's a usable experience and for most smartphone iPhone users they spend more time using the data functions of the device typically than the traditional calling and texting. So this really indicates that we've arrived at this point where connecting to the internet using mobile is a possibility, a very real possibility and it's one where we're kind of seeing a tipping point now with this proliferation of smartphones. At the moment in the UK it's probably about 15% smartphone penetration but maybe within the next three years this would be something like 40% and 80% of the devices being sold in that time frame will probably be smartphones. So within the next three years and probably in your thinking you're planning out this far most people you can assume will be able to consume internet type services on their mobile with relative ease and the interesting development recently of course is the emergence of these kind of possibly new categories of device like the iPad and what I see is the key differentiator here is whereas the iPhone and the smartphone is really an internet centric device very usable where you can do stuff besides talking, these kind of iPad devices are enabling you to be more productive, you can do more stuff faster and what's been very interesting is to see the rapid take up of this new modality of mobile interface. One example I picked from education is the blackboard.com guys with a very interesting service to enable educators to manage the syllabus and their classes and what have you. They've already produced a really interesting application for the iPad that really works well and they've thought through the whole touch paradigm at this kind of size and scale and the fact that it's all very at your fingertips and produced a very nice application and you may want to check that out as a good example of user interface design and mobile experience tuned to these new types of device. Now when we talk about mobile 2 to 0 we don't just want to talk about the tech we want to talk about the user behaviors what's new what's changed and the big difference has been the migration from talking and texting which is all you could do with the mobile and is still what most people do to different types of activities you can organize lunch detect offers with things like Groupon you can find places share video clips you can even hail a taxi you can even hail a taxi that's the nearest one to you that's free which is pretty handy you can sense a friend of a friend someone who knows someone you know you can compare shopping prices scan and share the bill all these are stuff that you can do now with apps and of course we've all heard the phrase there's an app for that they're pretty much is everything you can think of now there's an app to do do do stuff so we're arriving at a place where you can kind of run your life on your mobile and you know that may sound still sci-fi or far-fetched for many of us but this really is the kind of place we're arriving at very rapidly and there's a convergence of many other technologies behind that I'm going to mention in a minute that really make this a reality what this brings for everybody and educationalists are no exception is many opportunities but there are still many challenges and the challenges are not just the technological ones but there are kind of ethical ones philosophical ones and all kinds of really interesting things now that are possible and interesting questions that arise out of this mobile 2.0 phenomenon so one thing that I often get asked is exactly how ubiquitous is this mobile 2.0 what is the penetration how much do people really use their mobiles and I like to go into a few stats here just to give you a flavor first of all how big is it on the global arena some interesting stats at the top the first laptop in 1985 and now you know many years later we have about 400 million laptops in circulation first iPod 2001 now we have 200 million iPods but mobiles is a much bigger play there's 1.2 million mobiles sold every year and this is globally of course and in 59 countries what's interesting is there are more mobiles than people and by that I don't mean the ones we all have in our cupboard like the 7110s our friend up there had I mean active mobile subscriptions sims that are live on the network in 59 countries there are more of those than there are people which means you know some people have more than one device of course and that's something that's set to increase with things like iPads we're going to have embedded micro sims you may have a sim in your car and in a minute I'm going to talk about this whole plethora of sensor devices that we're going to see an explosion of soon each possibly with their own sim so the number of mobile connections is is still increasing quite dramatically there's 1.2 active email users on the planet versus 2.5 billion active text users or thereabouts this is probably increased since I wrote the slide 50% of email senders expect a reply within 24 hours that's the kind of time frame the responsibility that we're looking at with email versus 84% of textors usually expect to want to reply within five minutes and I'm sure we're all familiar with this and now there are things like Twitter I mean it's driven the kind of immediacy even beyond that and so mobile is everywhere thanks to Michaelis for this wonderful phrase it really is a platform that's everywhere in every sense and it's in everywhere in that you can run stuff on it all over the planet all over the place so just to dive into some more statistics about this trend from voice and text to other things this is from the Nielsen group and it's looking at the millions of people doing mobile tasks in the UK besides talking and you can see at the top there that 21% of mobile users now are internet users so they're using the internet on their mobile eight percent of people have downloaded apps and in fact this is quite dramatic growth from last year and I mentioned that in a minute and texting though is still by far the biggest data application on mobile and texting is by no means dead in fact there's a kind of interesting things that I'm working on and other people working on to to make texting even more powerful and relevant than it already is but it's still the number one mobile data application if we look at some internet statistics these are taken from opera who provide the opera mini browser does anyone use the opera mini browser okay few of you okay it's in there's enough of them out there's at least a hundred million instances that you can get quite meaningful stats back from the the use of it because actually a lot of people don't know if you're using opera mini it's going through a proxy in the cloud so in fact it's it's perfectly possible to see what you're looking at so they they kind of aggregate the information and share it and this is just the UK snapshot for March in the UK so the page view growth since March last year is 74.2% that's the amount of stuff that people are looking at the amount of pages and the unique user growth is 40 so 40 increase in the number of unique users using the the opera mini browser but really we could say the mobile internet and the interesting stuff to look at is the top 10 sites that are accessed using the mobile number one is Google and this is no surprise and Google have very interesting stats incidentally when do you think this is a not a rhetorical question you can give me an answer when do you think is the peak time for searching using google on a handset anyone want to offer an answer who's not a mobile person what in the UK what is the peak time doesn't matter where you are in the world actually seven o'clock Friday evening it's later than that the peak two o'clock in the morning well a few of us yes like myself no the peak time is about 11 p.m on mobile and on desktops laptops the peak time is round about lunchtime so that shows you actually that surfing in bed is the new reading you know so people aren't reading novels they're surfing in bed so this actually is is true I mean this what's happening so search of course is a key use case so we expect that to be at the top and searches by no means a complete story there's so many different ways we can think about search and any person working in the field of applications and data needs to have a search strategy the second one is facebook.com how many people here on facebook okay how many people here use facebook on their mobile okay a lot of you okay more or less about 40 percent right so facebook.com looking at what your friends are up to another classic use case of the mobile bbc.co.uk actually it's the news site no surprise there wikipedia is the fourth people are looking stuff up on their mobile whether it's in the pub to challenge their friends or whatever it is or cheating at a pub quiz game things like this but these are the key use cases search friends news info and down the bottom there that's creeping on is twitter and this idea of some kind of real-time conversation in the public arena this is actually dramatically increasing and i'm going to mention a little bit at that i was fortunate enough to go to the twitter conference developer conference in San Francisco where we built the maps just really interesting stuff going on with twitter and the whole movement to the real-time web so the next slide is showing this is from ad mobs network they insert ads into mobile web pages and so again they have enough usage that these are fairly accurate figures in general that we can take to look at behaviors smartphone access to the internet is on the increase no surprise feature phone as a percentage is decreasing although as a total feature phone is on the increase as we saw on that last slide which i failed to mention most of that mobile internet access is still happening on feature phones but the growth is being driven and the acceleration is from the use of smartphones and then down here we have interesting growth of these so-called mobile internet devices which are things like ipod touches um nintendo ds's and um you know maybe the ipad would now go into that category or the non-3g one it's it's not clear so we're seeing uh growth every year and people accessing this this is real stuff so you know if there's any doubts still about whether or not people can and do access the internet on their handsets i mean the figures show this is actually something that's growing very rapidly and within the next three years as i said with 80 sales will be smartphones these figures will be through the roof you can assume that you can have a conversation you can connect with your users in a very meaningful way using mobile so the drivers overall of the mobile 2.0 explosion or growth are first and foremost actually the availability of more data friendly tariffs the fact that you can have a fixed rate tariff you know how much you're paying is the number one driver of mobile internet usage so in a country where they have feature phones predominantly not too many smartphones what you see is when you introduce the friendly tariffs you get an increase sometimes very dramatically in the um uptake of mobile internet and google have some interesting charts where they show they contract very easily when there's a special offer made like in i saw one in singapore where at the weekend they're offering you free data the huge spikes in the internet traffic so it shows people will use this even with the relatively clumsy handset uh if it's economically possible and viable for them so the second aspect of course is increased device usability which we mentioned the smartphone proliferation and now these kind of pad devices um and you know i think there's going to be a lot of interesting activity in that space and then faster and fatter networks we have the 3g plus and within that smartphone period we're talking about the three years we will see the introduction commercially of lte services where in theory you can have a hundred megabits per second on a wireless device uh greater web 2.0 centricity in general more and more of us are engaged in some way with the internet whether it's shopping at tesco's or using facebook more and more of our lives are in the digital domain so this in fact is driving the um a lot of the innovation in mobile it's actually driven by consumer demand uh social networks are mobilizing this has been had a tremendous impact on the uptake of mobile services and then of course app stores leading to many new consumer habits um greater user participation there's actually quite a bit of uploading going on now this is growing significantly and and the fact that you can make money in this arena i mean that's really been one of the key drivers in attracting a lot of developers to the app store the iphone app store was this kind of gold rush effect where you could make lots of money out of um uh applications now in terms of uh from the the the supply side um the question is is this platform accessible to developers publishers creators ideators people who want to put stuff out there services like yourselves well with one oh the answer was no i mean it was a categoric no the it was a very closed universe walled garden affair very difficult to launch any meaningful services but now we're in this period where the answer is definitely yes it's much easier with 2.0 to create services to put stuff out there because we have this kind of um new ecosystem in which everything is um open what's happened is the the shift really has been the center of gravity shifted from the cellular operator world to the internet world to web to the oh is the the platform on which services are developed uh and most mobile services are in fact web based services that are then made available via the um mobile and even the apps that run on the iphone a lot of them are chatting to the network so we have all this open um platforms and i'm a great believer in open and i think we should continue to drive the open agenda um and in fact there's many threats to this in fact with things like twitter being a so-called open platform but when you um look at what what's really going on i mean they're trying to really dominate the universe with real-time buses if you like a messaging bus um and this is in fact belongs to them it's that it's theirs it's not open and i think we should have open standards for this kind of stuff so where are the trends where is this what's happening right now i mean i want to talk too futuristically um our end on a couple of futuristic notes um but what's happening right now and in the next three years in this smartphone era that's that we should be paying attention to that's interesting well i've tried to highlight some of the key uh trends the the four bubbles at the top they are kind of what's happening in the mobile world and the three down here which i hope you can you can see the text on those what's happening on the on the platform side on the website and these are significant trends so in the mobile world we're seeing as we've already told um this smartphone adoption increase so this is a major um uh element because it's thriving new user behaviors that means the users can use your stuff they can consume digital services fast to access i mean we already have ubiquitous 3g um it's definitely um a struggle in some places to get good access um if you go to san francisco where everyone is walking along with an iphone it's very difficult to get a good signal actually um and they're they're hitting the the barriers of what's physically possible um you'd have to put a sell site you know in every starbucks or something um and there's enough of those in in san francisco to do that but um rich user interfaces the old um mobile experience was very clunky we're seeing now the possibilities to have a very rich user experience um html 5 is something that's going to drive that so html 5 is really the latest standard if you like and it's uh it's probably something that's going to drag on for 20 years but it's coming out bit by bit what it means is we can do things that are kind of like flash like using the flash type technologies in browsers natively and so we can offer rich experiences and there's many other features um that are part of this you know giant um standard or collection of ideas um sense of proliferation the idea that if you think about it every phone has a camera on it that's a sensor they have accelerometers to detect movement and there's all kinds of really interesting stuff happening with sensors that i'm going to talk about in a minute this is a key um development i think in the home mobile space on the internet side um we're seeing three key trends the one is cloud computing the availability of this elastic on-demand computing resources whether it's in the edu serve swindon data center or on amazon's cloud or a google app engine or wherever it is this is really a huge and dominant um trend uh social computing what this means is the idea that more and more applications are cognizant of the idea that it's a person using it who has connections with other people and connections with certain interests and there are kind of pieces of software if you like that are that are arising out of the internet that just understand people and so the way um software engineers are beginning to think is not in this very old-fashioned functions and objects kind of a but in kind of a people-centric way and so social computing is really what's if the emerging theme if you like of thinking of new types of ways of writing software and then the real time or as i'm going to mention in a minute what they call the right time web now is really this thing that's been driven by twitter the idea that second by second by second you can um understand what's going on in the world you can get status updates from different people from even machines um and there's a whole array of things going on and perhaps some of you are tweeting at the mic are you tweeting at the moment see here's tweet anyone else tweeting at the moment there's quite a few of you you see so as i speak other people we don't have the live stream here they don't need it they can read the twitter stream right it's a bit more condensed of course so all of these things are happening and we're we're arriving at a point where you you can have kind of true digital immersion i mean it's possible to to move your life as we are into the digital domain and then remain immersed in it everywhere you go and that's really fascinating and one of the areas that i really love is the augmented reality so let's talk about sensors the fact you have a camera and a compass an accelerometer on your handset you can point your handset up into the into the space and it can overlay information and you got things like google goggles down here where this is a new type of search you point your camera uh phone at an object and the search engine will try and find that object in its huge database and then stream you information about that object and in fact the the beta version of google goggles does face detection but because of the ethical question marks about that they they actually haven't released that feature but what it can do is if you if you point it at me uh and it knows who i am which it probably does from my picture on the internet you can immediately tell that's Paul Golding so you could be on the tube you know or not the tube in London because we don't have uh coverage in Barcelona and i think we're going to get it to the olympics but you could be you know think someone you think you're someone thinks you're just tweeting or whatever you actually got to pick you you're looking at their face and you're streaming a live stream you know of their wiki page or whatever and so you know i'll let you think about what that can be used for maybe kids will be pointing phones at teachers and finding out what they're all about when they're not teaching which is often an interesting and kind of can be a shocking thing so um this is augmented reality alongside that is the internet of things this is what some people are calling web 2.0 is the internet of things all this stuff out there you can connect to the internet and there's really interesting stuff happening like with these Arduino boards these tiny little boards where all the hackers now their attention a lot of the the hacking community has moved away from kind of software stuff to hard stuff you know back to the whole we thought hardware was dead but it's come back alive because it turns out you can build all these interesting gadgets and then people hack into their cars like if you have got a Toyota Prius as i have people have hacked in and then they run software on it so you know where you're going you're going to the new starbucks it tweets a coffee for you and and then there's there's a machine which actually is in san francisco where there's a bagel oven and it will tweet you when the bagels are ready so you know you can you can imagine i'm not sure what the education potential is there but that's for you guys to figure out so the internet of things you can enable stuff physical hard stuff could be books and people still read books i don't know could be books in the library could be artifacts in the museum all these wonderful exhibits that i was looking at out out in the in the foyer here so let's talk about this right time web i think that this is really where it's at this is to me is the key slide if you're a techie i should have our how many of you are technologists or software type people okay so this slide is for you i hope the rest of you will appreciate it what we have with mobile is this idea i think of the right time computer which is means the right information at the right time delivered to the right person hopefully and what i'm advocating and what i think is going to happen is these excitement about android and iphone os and all these things web os now with the palm is it's not really where the thinking is going to be at these are just enablers i think where the thinking will be is in what is the layer on top of that are we at a stage now where we should think about a person operating system because a lot of what's driving computing now in the social computing era with facebook and things like this is what is it happening to me what are my interests and my friends interests and my family's interests and my teachers interests and all those these things so when you look at profile status intent which you can figure out people's intent by the way they're tweeting for example and there are experiments that demonstrate this very convincingly their context shared to the interests how they're tagging things photos and what have you it's possible to form a complete kind of alter ego of the person in the digital domain and i think that the person operating system is really where the innovation will be so that we get away from this kind of antiquated idea of computers with files and cap i mean my kids don't even know what a filing cabinet is or or you know these files and folders they've never used them i don't think so we're moving away from that and i think with on the on the ui side we see a lot more kind of 3d and virtual world type of interfaces but we're going to have a kind of person based operating system at the top and this the mobile phone will become the personalized computer we've had the pc the personal computer which mean just it was my own instead of some mainframe the mobile is already the first instance of a personalized computer everything about it is you and increasingly it would be the nexus to use google's trade name there of of your your digital life and what you're doing and what you're about and beneath that then is the web operating system the web is rapidly becoming like an operating system we're not interested anymore in the lower level staff like the http protocols and all this there's huge blobs of software sitting on top of that that we can build interesting things with and it's becoming increasingly real time in nature it's possible to find out second by second what's going on that's of interest to you and into your life and to what you want to achieve out of life so underneath that is this big infrastructure play which is essentially cloud the cloud computing platform and big data over there on the left is a huge component of that and in fact where most of the innovation is right now i'd say in the internet world is in these big data projects making economic value out of unthinkably large amounts of data is really where the play is that and that's what you need to think if you had all of your data in your fear of your fear of interest available to you that you could somehow query what could you do with that information so what does this all mean so just now get on to a kind of a few closing points what's the meaning of the all of this now one of my favorite authors is nil postman or was nil postman i mean he's passed away and he was a kind of media theorist and he talked about how technology is transformative and it's like you know once you put a drop of red ink he said in the water there's no pulling it back out it all mixes in and an example that he gave which i like is that europe plus the printing press when it came along didn't equal just europe plus a bunch of books it actually created a new europe it transformed the way we thought about the world in fact i like to think of this as the first augmented reality because your reality until that point was your experience of the world local to you your friends you know what what the village doctor told you or your your head of your family whatever and suddenly had this idea where you could receive knowledge from afar you know you could find out about the world in ways you never understood because your your world up until that point was just limited to your media experiences so i think this is the first augmented reality and then followed you know many centuries later by the telegraph and i had a profound impact and you know it's often interesting to reflect on this the fact that you could be sitting in one place and you could hear the news about what was happening in another town which we all take for granted and we've seen that we've even this has been transformed recently with things like twitter how twitter in fact there are so many stories of political activism and reporting being enabled by the fact that someone was able to tweet about the experience and people immediately able to to have some kind of connection and affinity with that experience in a totally different part of the world so what's the meaning in terms of mobile well personalized mobile is also transformative the a person plus a right time computer which is you know i think we should think about these things they're computers um i mean the the iphone has easily a hundred times the computing power of the first pentium um delp 60 machines p 60 machines if you add up all of the processing power on the iphone not just the cpu but the gpu and all these things the tremendous amount of computing power if you add these things together it's not just personalized computing you know it's an incidental fact it's actually i think we're arriving at a new person if you like and and what we're seeing i think is the advent or emergence of augmented cognition the fact that with the availability of real-time information sensory information about the world you're in it actually um changes your ability to think and understand the world around you in real time and you can imagine and i've done these experiments where you're wearing a set of glasses like this and you can project into them information in real time i could be doing face detection uh see who andy is what he's about what he's tweeting you could mention something and i could be looking at it in real time um we know whether or not you think that's a good idea or a bad idea um i i kind of love that stuff um but it changes it can change the way we think about the world and i think this is the opportunity in in m ed or m learning or whatever it's called is in augmenting augmented learning or the kind of right where learning keep putting all these new buzzwords in every talk has to have a buzzword right mike so this is my right where learning it's about education and learning at the right time and place and why does it have to be a set time in a set place the right information um you know that that person needs for them to learn and understand about the world they're trying to learn and even the right type of thinking you know we don't often stop to think about thinking uh in the kind of debono sense but with these if you have a personal computer and imagine it's a very powerful device you have on you all the time why can't it enhance how you perceive the world it can it's already possible and there are very interesting experiments um being done in this area of augmented cognition already so i think the edgyserv if you like innovation challenge um is to think about you know what is right where and what do we mean by right what is a right education if we can do it any time any place what is right thinking i mean these things need to be debated they need to be thought through because in the next three years with the ipads and all these kinds of devices there's no doubt that you can invent new modes of learning and some of the speakers later i'm sure are much more expert and have great insights into this and i encourage you to listen to them and how can uk learning institutions lead in this space this is really the future is education and it's m education there's already tons of experiments going on with smartphones and schools uh and the use of these technologies and universities what can we invent how can we invent a new future using these um uh technologies and possibilities i think that's the challenge that we need to debate uh today and and from here on out and how can we lead uh in this um charge so um that that's the end of my presentation thank you for listening and if there are any questions i think i've bombarded you with a lot of information so does anyone talk i thought it was an excellent overview and very very stimulating so um now over to you really any questions for paul there's a actually just hold on a minute we have got roving mics just because of the live streaming which i understand is back on is that right so we are live streaming now so that's good right it's a bit flaky paul um eric borris from edgysurf um a question you paint lots of possibilities but i'm wondering personally what's your moral ethical societal framework checklist which stops this technology pushing us to somewhere we don't want to go um that's a good question uh and um i think it's needs to be debated i mean there is no answer there are so many new possibilities for example um you know you can you can leave them information now pinned in the air i mean it's what people are effectively doing things like four square i could pin a note outside of the classroom outside someone could pin outside of my house saying this guy's a loser you know and don't live here or whatever don't so what's to say you know he has the right to do that does it become libelous and all these things there's there's no there's no answer i mean to a lot of these new questions but i think it's important to debate them um and hence why i made the point about what is right what is right thinking what is right i mean yeah yes um i'm not sure where my line is yet because um i haven't done anything that you know that where i've definitely said no i won't touch that but there are areas that i have some concerns about and doubts about but um i think the the the best response is to accept that as you know as new postman said the gene is out of the bottle really and once the technology is there it does transform so we need to make sure we're controlling that transformation in a way that's productive and creative and gets what we want uh and that's the benefit of having these kind of open forums at brian kelly creative commons license for question um i think that was a great great overview and you were talking about the huge take up of mobile technologies throughout the globe and you were just answering a question about the the ethical issues associated with this you didn't mention the um either the opportunities or the barriers for people with disabilities so i know there are some concerns that we might be driven by these great new iphone technologies but they are actually might we might be inventing new barriers for people who have difficulties accessing these mobile devices any comments on that um well uh there are you know with any technology there there are always you know the cutting edge if you like is is driven by whatever commercial innovation um typically you know commercial objectives um but um so it's not always going to be accessible to everyone um but i think that with mobile technology i mean i see a lot of examples where in fact enabling new types of behavior for people who need extra access to things so um you can use mobiles to have a sort of sixth sense about the world there's applications that enable blind people to see the world through the the detection in the camera of objects and turning visual stuff into sound um i think with some of the touch paradigms are much easier to use although you know we may find them clunky and i'm a great supporter of this type of innovation and um it's a good question and i i hope everyone heard that you know we should always be thinking about how we design for everyone especially when it comes to learning opportunities so thanks thanks for that question. Thank you. Bill Ashraf University of Sussex i i started using text messaging in my lectures in 2005 i think i find it really useful from the point of student engagement but i think the the main sort of barrier we face at the moment in institutions and universities is trying to get that technology out there and i think one of the key things while the technology is absolutely fantastic and i'm all for it i'm a bit sort of geeky in that way but it's how i how i can persuade and i guess how people in the audience can persuade our academic colleagues who tend to like probably at least one or two generation phones behind our students how we can actually get them engaged and also very very key to the universities talking about businesses what effect that's going to have on the business the student experience and and looking at the evidence to see whether it actually does actually make any difference other than just a waste bank toy and i think that's probably lacking in the literature and lacking in sort of large-scale studies. Yeah okay that's interesting so i mean there's two two parts there you know we definitely need to demonstrate that these technologies have an advantage and that they do produce results so you know any any studies and people with you know one thing some of you might want to take away is to think of a mobile use case where you actually do study it and see how mobile technology enhances the learning experience. The first one you know what happens what i'm used to in the kind of developer tech world is this idea of evangelism you know which sounds like a grand term but it really does work so what happens in the tech world is that people who have a passion for this technology who understand it they go out and they show people how it works and the new possibilities so i think that maybe this is a i don't know what edu serves remit is but maybe you need some evangelists to go out and actually show the academic staff you know what's possible and how this can improve your ability to to teach to do research because you know one thing i didn't mention is of course with sensors and mobiles there's a huge opportunity for data collection which helps with research lots of research programs so i think evangelism is it's the only way actually you know have to go out and teach people inform them and we should never it's a grind but we should never underestimate the the outputs of that and i think that's sounds like what we need in the in the in the universities i think i'm up next i'm slightly skeptical about the idea of mobile web and your biggest information helping all right thinking and for a long time many academics have worried about students being over lives in google there's kind of easy sources now if mobile web means you're saturated this kind of un peer-reviewed information out of your control it's going to make that situation worse and maybe it can be a risk as well as a benefit to learning yeah um that's a good question so uh where a lot of the innovation is happening now and the thinking is in um how you solve the data overload problem uh and so i think we've got to a point really with with web 2.0 where just everything is on the web i mean the data is available and for a lot of us there's too much too many emails too many tweets and what have you what is possible now with with the because basically because the huge amount of computing power in the cloud is to make sense of the data and and therefore to filter it and to deliver the right information that's why i talked about the right time web because that's where you now where the thinking is at we've got the data on the web how do we make sure it's the right information in the right place so so what is right thinking is kind of working backwards from really where you i think need to end up with your question which is you know what would constitute right thinking and and given like all this data how do i get back how do i connect the two and it's it's certainly possible and software it's so powerful now and with the amount of computing power you can use on demand in the cloud you can do new stuff i mean the idea of accessing getting new meaning from data is certainly a possibility and it's happening right now so so you know maybe you should look at some of the big data projects going on and i think you might be encouraged that there is i believe a way to enhance our thinking through mobile technologies it's not like we can do it now maybe but it's certainly it's possible okay i'm going to make this the last question christian independent consultant the the yet you touched on the difficulty in san francisco of now getting access to the infrastructure i mean i live in north oxford only martin center and i can't get a mobile signal in my home yeah um we've got for i the other thing is that i can of course have recently started getting to the point where they're finished allocating or very very close to finishing allocating the address space are you comfortable that we know how to build a wireless ip 6 network at scale it doesn't have latency problems because it seems to me that we may find two years down that the proliferation of always on devices means that we cannot actually build the infrastructure that will support these apps without massive deterioration in performance um so uh yeah that's a really good point um in fact the the growth of data is really exceeding the capacity of the wireless networks um and i'd say this is you know if you look on average across the board and in certain areas um it already has san francisco downtown london maybe all there's areas where there's patchiness where you well you live you can't get the signal um so uh the the real question is whether or not these new networks can be built and um in an economically viable fashion because one of the things that's happened in the industry is the huge amount of competition that's led to this kind of lower cost of mobile data is not really in sync with the economics of building these networks because for ltn things you've got to go out and build a new one um so um but the the technology um you know i think it is there um to to get us to that place i think the economics is is is the issue and um you know i i have to be careful what i say as i do so much work for o2 um so yeah i think it's going to work that's a nice place to end we now have a coffee break can we just briefly say thank you to paul once again


The guys that are going to cross the ball, make sure from what area you are going to cross it, if it's, let's say the ball is played through and you are sort of here in these areas, you just broke that line, give me the ball Jake, so you got a lot of space in front of you and let's assume this is sort of where you are from here to there. This is an early cross in between people run onto it, you get further like here now and the space is getting a bit more or less in between, this can be a near post cross for somebody to run in, that's it. Again if you go a bit here, it still can be a near post cross but it can also be a penalty spot cross or it can be a pullback. If we get to here, again we are back to the little flick on the back post, so hang it up, again maybe a near post if the run is good but use the run to go to the back post or it's a pullback.


Welcome to this expert panel on future-proofing higher education at the First Jobs Reset Summit organised by the World Economic Forum. I'm Phil Beattie, Chief Knowledge Officer at the Global Higher Education Data and Insights Specialist Times Higher Education, so I'm particularly excited about today's summit sessions which all focus on education, skills and lifelong learning. In this session we're looking at how to future-proof higher education. By this we mean how we can deliver more inclusive and universal opportunities in the context of the significant financial constraints that the pandemic has placed upon universities. The constraints are significant. The University of Michigan anticipates a pandemic-induced loss of up to $1 billion by the end of 2020. Harvard University is projecting a $750 million revenue shortfall for next year. UK universities collectively face a shortfall of at least 2.5 billion pounds, that's three billion US dollars in the next year because of the projected drops in student enrollments and particularly international student enrollments according to the UK consulting firm London Economics. Australian universities could shed up to 21,000 full-time jobs this year, including 7,000 in research according to government estimates in May. Universities all across the world have been forced to put their programs online almost overnight in many cases and to slowly create digital physical hybrid models in response to the pandemic in order to retain students and maintain access to learning. At the same time, shifts in labour market demands have put a spotlight on lifelong learning with many turning to online learning platforms to learn new skills that will help them remain employable in the changing economic context. The World Economic Forum has just released its future of work report on screen now. I hope you can see a list of the top 10 skills that are required for 2025. It's really interesting to see that the research identified really most of the skills under the category of problem solving, skills like analytical thinking, creativity, originality and critical thinking. So is there an opportunity for universities to future-proof their models, embedding greater inclusion, rethinking core graduate attributes and reimagining who the learner of the future will be? We're going to begin with around half an hour of discussion and I'm very excited to hear the visions for the future of our expert panelists. And at about half past three here in London, we'll end the public live stream and we'll invite those who are joining the session from top link to stay online for a more intimate discussion for another 15 minutes or so. So without further ado, I'm absolutely thrilled to introduce our invited speakers. Suzanne Fortier is Principal and Vice Chancellor of McGill University in Canada. She's Chair of the Forum's Global University Leaders Forum and Co-Chair of the Forum's Global Future Council on the New Agenda for Education Skills. Annamarie Kausay is President of the University of Washington in the US. I hope she is joining us from the Pacific Northwest very early in the morning there. I hope she's about to join us very shortly. Anat Agawal is joining us from Boston. He's the Chief Executive Officer of edX, one of the foremost and most prestigious providers of MOOCs, massive open online courses and that also contributes to the Forum's re-skilling revolution platform and skills consortium initiatives. Finally, we have Carl Johann, CJ Westring. He's joining us from Rwanda and he is the President of Customized Solutions at Education First Limited, an international education company that specializes in language training, educational travel, academic degree programs and cultural exchange. So we're incredibly lucky to have a phenomenally expert experience panel. Without further ado, perhaps I will turn first to Suzanne.  Can you tell us what was the biggest adaptation that you had to make at McGill? And also I think perhaps you could reflect on what is the most powerful thing you've learned from this experience or that you believe that universities have done or certainly could and should do to address concerns about social inclusion in the great reset. Thank you, Phil. It's great to be joining this panel. Well, the biggest transformation of course is one that you've already mentioned, moving overnight from in-person to remote teaching, great agility was demonstrated, great flexibility, but I think the one transformation that is the most useful for us in terms of learning and thinking about social inclusion is moving from what we had hoped was a sprint to now what we know is a marathon. Emergency situations are exceptional and you change things very fast for what you think is a short period of time, so you do things very differently and then you return to the normal way. Now we're forced to think about a new norm and I think this is what we're learning a lot from in terms of social inclusion. Of course, we've learned that there are many different people wanting to have higher education and we see that in the 18 to 25 court they want a full campus experience and they're ready to get back to that single online mode is not what they want, but of course we have other people. You mentioned them also, the people who want to upskill or reskill for the workforce, they're very happy that we are more agile and flexible and here I would say also that I'm talking about people who are in fairly convenient situation. We're learning also about those who can't even think about joining our university. They're in situations that are very very difficult, they're in our own cities and they are in other places all over the world and for those people we really have to think outside our normal boxes I would say. I think it's very clear to us that we have to have more modes of learning for people. We have learned also that we can do it. The pandemic I think has really shown the academic world that we are much more able to adapt to a new situation with much more agile. It's opened our minds I think to different ways of thinking about the academic pathways, different and diverse learning platforms, rethinking our models of collaboration and partnership and also we have to think about new business model and I'll share one example about rethinking how we collaborate. I'm working with another university right now and hopefully many more on creating a study abroad virtual model. So this is bringing people from different places together to learn together focusing in this pilot project on the UN 17SGG. So these are people who will have the experience of being in another place with other people. Of course it is for a short period but it is very useful and it made us all think about how of course it's great to do study abroad, go to another country, eat different food, all of this is wonderful and you learn a lot from it but this is something that is really restricted to a very privileged group of people.  I'll end with one thing here that we've heard over and over in the many discussions we've had since the pandemic at the World Economic Forum with the Global University leaders forum. I think the one word that came that was cited most often is collaboration and I think this is something that we are focusing on now. How can we better collaborate among each other all of the universities and also with other sectors because it is becoming I think extremely clear to us that this is very important as we face the situation but more importantly as we think about social inclusion. Thank you yes I certainly we all talk about the new normal it certainly seems there's no going back the Times Higher Education University leaders survey 200 leaders from universities across the world they've all said they will not be returning back to the old ways there is going to be a hybrid blended future and it's awful this crisis has highlighted terrible inequalities in the world but I think it also has forced people to innovate and to innovate in a way that can really open up access to higher education access to international collaborations and inclusion. So on the technological side I'll turn now to Anand. Anand could you tell us how edX obviously a famous provider of these MOOCs these mass open access courses how have you been collaborating with universities excuse me I am I am here oh Anamari it's fantastic to see you we're going to come to you we've just put you towards the end because we weren't sure where you're able to join so absolutely you are very much still will be part of this thank you but yeah sorry Anand perhaps we'll turn to you and then we'll speak to Anamari very soon but can you tell us how edX is collaborating with universities and particularly what you think is the most transformative thing that institutions can do to open up access during the great reset. First of all thank you for this great panel from Phil also thank you to Carl Anamari and Suzanne from University of Washington and McGill both of whom are great edX partners. When the pandemic hit we saw let me first talk about some observations and then talk about how we are collaborating with universities so in the month of April when the pandemic really took off we saw a 10x increase in people coming to edX to learn online. Five million students came to edX from all over the world and and we asked them the simple question why are you coming to edX to learn at this time and we saw two major two major major reasons one is that they were lifelong learners people in jobs or people who'd been let go from their jobs of furlough they were coming to edX to upskill using short programs and courses second there were university students and high school students who were coming to edX to learn to make up for the time they were losing in campuses two big reasons so we have two solutions that we work in partnership with universities one is we offer a number of micro credentials like micro bachelor's programs micro masters programs to learners all over the world who are looking to upskill they are not able to go to a campus or they're not able to spend a whole year or two years getting a degree they're looking to get skills fast in things like soft skills for example critical thinking or data science or computer science or things like philosophy and others so that's one big area short credentialing programs and many of these credentials can also stack up leading to full degrees that is one the second is I'll take a phrase from Suzanne collaboration we were finding that as learners and universities wanted to learn and universities came to us as well saying that hey we don't have the content how do we turn on a dime and move to fully digital learning and go from zero to 60 miles per hour within seconds it was very hard for them so we launched in collaboration with our university partners edX online campus so edX online campus is a way it's a platform for universities to collaborate so we are used to a culture where everybody does their own thing where every university creates all of their own courses we have our own campus everything is siloed they're just not not a lot of sharing going on and Suzanne said the key thing I'm really delighted that gulf is talking about collaboration across universities so the edX online campus platform universities offer courses on the platform and we work with universities all over the world we made edX online campus available for free to any university in the world until July of this year and we had 500 universities around the world including all of our edX partners using it for their campus students so they could enroll their campus students and a faculty member on their campus could facilitate the work on the platform the beauty of that is different universities could now collaborate and share content and we also found credit networks where universities were giving credit for courses from other universities so the one example NYU has launched a micro bachelor's on edX in computer science a number of other universities like Thomas Edison State University and others are giving credit for this program so students can take it up skill and also accumulate credit the University of Iceland for example what they've done is that they use these edX courses from edX online campus and they've created their own bundle and credential they give their campus students so I think these are the two major things we're doing one is helping universities create micro credentialing programs short programs for people who want to up skill for lifelong learning and the second is edX online campus to help universities get content and make available content for their students to learn online campus thank you yes there's certainly some extraordinary opportunities to really rethink the degree in some respects and turn it into a lifelong exercise I know some universities have sort of changed the whole graduate package and say you're never really an alum you're actually becoming a permanent learner with us so there's some really interesting credit transfer which really do open up opportunities Annamarie sorry we jiggled the order a little bit because we were concerned about the technology but thank you so much for joining us from the Pacific Northwest it's great to see you perhaps we could turn to you now what's the biggest change adaptation you've had to make at UW and again what do you think the most powerful thing we can achieve and universities can do to really open up access and and you know widen participation in higher education yeah well just you know kind of you know very similar to to what we've seen in universities you know quite frankly around the world was you know universities have this reputation for changing at a glacial speed and that we're very conservative and we do think slowly and yet you know basically on a dime we put 700 courses online you know we we obviously from the fact that we have a large continuum college that's online so that you know we had the infrastructure ready a couple of years ago we'd had a big snowstorm so you know we'd really been working with our faculty to be able to put courses online for a couple of days but the entire courses went online and it wasn't just a matter of holding classes on zoom I think that part of what this did is it unleashed an amazing amount of innovation so for example you know our law school is used to having internships and their students go on internships for a full quarter but hey all of a sudden that wasn't possible it wasn't possible to travel you know law firms weren't meeting in person and so they came up with a series of shorter kind of you know many internships that with different law firms where students could you know work with non-profits they could work with a law firm all online we had for example our field trips that couldn't be done we had some faculty in the college of the environment that put go-pros on their bicycle and they took students out to the intertidal or the mountaintops it was just absolutely amazing what people did in the classroom some of our music professors had their students playing instruments next to each other in cars so that you could do a full quartet and everyone was safely distance you know underneath an overhang the kind of creativity that we saw in the classroom was pretty amazing we are concerned though about as you said equity one of our alums and yet you know our alums are just lifelong learners you know talked about and he works at a pediatric clinic with low-income students a low-income you know young people and he talks about what we need is an equity recovery that we don't want to go back to the normal because the normal didn't work for a lot of people and that's something that's important too I mean one of the things also where we saw innovation was in terms of research so for example we have a very large hospital system and they were very concerned in the early days and were concerned about it again about hospital space so they went to our institute for health metrics and they started to do some analysis for us and for our hospital about you know what was expected in terms of prevalence well now they're doing that data all over the world and so part of the equity was as well you know our university actually found the first case of COVID that came into the US it did that because it was doing the Seattle flu study through that we've been collaborating with the city to set up testing sites around the city including in low-income areas and I think it is absolutely critical when you know we did go online and we were the first US university to go online we did it you know we went right away so that we could do it in a planful way so that our low-income students could stay in dorms because they didn't have the same kind of access at home we sent you know hundreds of laptops to students homes you know we set up you know hotspots so it really is important you know right now on campus you know our financial aid office had to change in a moment because all of a sudden you know people who didn't need financial aid a parent was now out of work so we sent stimulus checks home to many of our low-income students and we've been doing a lot more work with food banks for our students so you know it really is absolutely essential that as we move forward to an equity recovery that we put equity right in the middle of things thank you I hope that word becomes a famous phrase equity recovery I think that really does typify that there's not there's not a recovery per se it has to be not back to the old ways that's a great great word you mentioned how the the reputation of universities moving at glacial pace I always like the phrase that says that universities can change the course of history with their research discoveries but they can't change a history course and I think that the the response of faculty across the world these sorts of examples of innovation innovation these examples of people going above and beyond to to transform the educational experiences during a pandemic is wonderful actually before lockdown I the last thing I did was visited UW in Seattle just in February and I've been incredibly impressed by how you combine world-class excellence you know top 30 in the Times Higher World rankings with a public commitment to access an opener so that's a great great story I'm now going to turn to CJ CJ you obviously are working at EF you collaborate with the universities a lot you're coming in to from to us from Rwanda right now and how have you been working with universities in the pandemic and again what's your view on what are the game-changing elements that can really really help open up access to higher education thank you Phil and first of all it's a privilege to be on this panel with so many distinguished colleagues from around the world we could spend hours on this topic allow me just in a minute to give you a strategic context for higher education because I think we have a shared responsibility not just to provide solutions to help the world rebound post the pandemic but more long-term if you zoom out I believe fundamentally that reskilling and upskilling of the masses is a shared responsibility and we're talking a lot about climate change I have a fellow Swede traveling around the world Greta Thunberg highlighting the importance of pooling resources knowledge transfer and also funds to help find climate change but I think we as a world community have to do the same thing when it comes to upskilling and reskilling because if we don't we will face consequences that are much more severe and much sooner than the effects of climate change so that's the context that I think and it's a gigantic task but the lesson learned is we have to work together in public-private partnerships to move the needle as as was said previously now a few observations on the on pivots during the pandemic as Susanne started out saying and Anna Murray said on a dime turned everything online that happened that's true in most places but there were also lots of painful discoveries around the world I mean mind you some countries that I have been advising actively um you know did not even have the opportunity to go online they have been broadcasting on radio and TV because you cannot put an entire country in high entire kind of student population in higher education online even in northern Europe where I'm from and in Germany it was a painful discovery that students do not have access to hardware governments had to distribute hardware for students to be able to attend on the online classes so I agree with Susanne it's a marathon it's not a sprint performing arts and other higher education training that has historically not been online at all it's very hard to convert into online so there's a lot of innovation going on which is fantastic so the pandemic has really pushed higher education onwards at a at a rapid pace that we haven't seen before um as I said one of the realizations is public-private partnerships you have to to work together private companies higher education institutions and private businesses all have to join forces in order to come up with sustainable solutions um on our side in our group our affiliate ashridge executive education is working very closely with both governments and corporates to find solutions and hold international business school is is our affiliate and they're certainly working very closely um with businesses so if I finally just may say a couple of words about the future outlook I think blended is really what we're going to see um as Anant was uh was referring to all modalities we refer to it as limitless learning by halt in the pandemic we've been able to offer um blended solutions for students that cannot travel to campus so they start to study in their home location we can reduce costs massively by that so our master's program can be 50 percent or even cheaper in that type of blended model so that is becoming a more affordable solution to get that degree and also more inclusive I also think the future holds a lot of co-creations between higher education and corporates and also government we have lots of examples in our portfolio with both ashridge and and halt recently the chairman and the ceo of e y announced the first ever in corporate training um company wide 284 000 staff at e y will be able to earn a customized tech mba delivered by halt co-created with e y so it's a stackable back to an ounce point it's a stackable degree with courses and I think that's really what we're going to see more um in the future thank you thank you so we're very close to transitioning to the the closed session it's such a fascinating conversation I just wondered if we could quickly return to those top skills that that the forum identified yesterday they seem so heavily focused on quite intangible things creativity problem solving I wondered perhaps Anna Murray could we go back to you and say this seems to speak to a very broad liberal arts type education where you're mixing humanities with science with social science do you think that can be delivered fully virtually or do you think there's still a really important place for that for campus-based face-to-face education well you know I don't think it's a question of can it be done fully virtually but is that the best and you know what what actually you know some some of you know I'm an adolescent psychologist and so uh you know what we find is that for adult learners and for learners who know exactly what they want online works extremely well so it's a great place to get you know those um you know job skills those you know very clear packets of information those stackable skills we do a lot of work online and we'll continue to but we find that colleges are also places where young people um you know and I'm and I'm talking here about you know folks 18 to you know 25 or so it's a place where they also grow up they discover themselves they make you know they make context and it's not the same um to do that virtually uh it's not the same you don't have the same kinds of discussions it doesn't mean that you can't do things more in a hybrid mode for example uh you know even before the pandemic most of our language classes students did online work in terms of getting all the grammar etc but then did the conversational work in person our biology class um they did flip the classroom for the basic um content but then went in to do labs and discussion sections so I don't think it's a question of either or in the same way that I don't think it's a question of is it um general education liberal arts or is it vocational it's a question of you really do need both in most cases thank you so just in a in a couple of seconds we're transitioning uh out of the live stream into a separate part of the session but perhaps I could just ask an answer to come back quickly if you've got a sort of 30 second sort of um point to there we can leave the audience with before we transition to the uh to the the offline version of this conversation you know I think very quickly uh you know as we talk about the great reset uh I like to talk about the new normal as part of it where I believe the new normal for learning within universities or beyond is going to be blended where you're going to combine online learning with in-person learning because both have benefits to it and any number of studies show that the blended model where you learn partly online partly in person and interleave the learning in various ways is simply better than pure online or pure in person so the future of learning on campuses is going to be blended and the pandemic has simply accelerated that trend towards blended learning in an unprecedented manner thank you thank you well we have to wrap up now in the the live stream section so thank you to the public for joining this session but thank you in particular to the speakers for for sharing that that expertise these issues are and the challenges it's raised you know could not be more important not just for the future of our economy but for the future of our society so thank you very much indeed for your contributions we'll now transition to a different section thank you for those watching on the live stream