to solitons and nerve signals. We're looking forward to that. OK. Thank you very much for the invitation. I got a mail about two years ago from Irio to Sati about the tribology conference. I had never heard about that term before in my life. So I didn't know what it is. No, I know it after a few days being here. But I still don't work with friction so much. But I work with thin layers. You see a thin layer in my brain. It's only about five nanometers thick. And I somehow believe that the processes that I'm going to describe are more or less frictionless. And maybe you can tell me why that might be so, because most people would expect friction there. But in some sense, I'm a black sheep in a herd of white sheep that know what proper science is. And I have refused to include friction in my talk so far. Another part of my topic is nerves. What you see here is a nerve cell. You see these long cables in the nerve cell.  You see if you find hundreds of drawings like that on the internet with nerve pulses that are extremely small. However, a typical velocity of a nerve pulse is about 100 meters per second in a motor neuron. It lasts a millisecond. And you can easily calculate how long a nerve pulse would be then. So 100 meters per second times one millisecond gives you 10 centimeters. So that means a nerve pulse is actually big. It's macroscopic. And these drawings are all wrong. And another thing that's important is that this layer is very thin. The membrane is made out of lipids. Lipids have polar head groups and A-polar chains. That means they have a thin layer with an insulator in the middle. And they, therefore, form very good capacitors. So that means every kind of deformation that I described in the following will also affect capacitance of the system and cause electrical phenomena in these systems. OK. About a few simple facts about nerve pulses, because I assume that most of you are not familiar with it. First of all, the most commonly known signal in the nerve is a voltage pulse. So that means that the reason is that most people use electrodes to measure nerve pulse. They don't use thermometers or AFMs to measure that because it's more difficult. And that's why there is this unjustified assumption that a nerve pulse is something electrical. But it is something else that happens as well. If you put a nerve under an AFM, atomic force microscope, without scanning it, just leaving the cantilever on the nerve, and then you let it fire, then you see a dislocation of the order of a few angstrom up to a nanometer. So if you really get in good contact with a neuron, it's a nanometer. A nanometer doesn't sound like very much, but if the membrane is only 5 nanometers thick, it's 20% change in thickness of the membrane, which is actually a significant signal. One of the more puzzling results is that there are temperature changes in there. This has been known since Helmholtz 200 years ago that it is impossible to measure any heat that's dissipated in the nerves during a nerve pulse. So what is measured is temperature goes up and goes back down in exact, in phase with a voltage change in the system. And if you integrate over the whole heat release over the complete nerve pulse, you get a heat release at a 0. That means you would conclude that it is an entropy conserving process. So that means that the nerve pulse, seemingly, is an adiabatic phenomenon and not a dissipative phenomenon. I could talk for a long time about these heats. That is this absent of a heat over the nerve pulse has puzzled people for more than 100 years. And there are many studies that have investigated that. The nerves we work with are partially from lobster. So this is part of the brain of the lobster. That is the first ganglion. There are big strands between those which are called the central nerve. If you cut the central nerve open with a small pair of scissors, actually a lot of small neurons pop out. And these are what we typically consider as nerves. So this thing is rather a nerve bundle. And most nerves in our body, like the median nerve or the ulnar nerve or so, they are nerve bundles. The single neuron is a part of a nerve bundle. So we made the AFM experiment that I showed you earlier on this single neuron here.  It's about a 10th of a millimeter big. So you see here the scale of the whole thing. So summarizing about the property of nerve, you have a pulse length of about a few millimeters to a few centimeters. You have a pulse duration of 1 to 2 milliseconds. Sorry, that is a mistake in my writing. It has a pulse velocity of the order of a few meters, 200 meters per second. And it has a diameter ranging from a few micrometer to, let's say, a 1 millimeter in the biggest nerve that I have seen. So you would expect, let's say, our pulses going along the nerve. And in this pulse, a number of thermodynamic features of this nerve change, not only voltage, but also, but also, well, it's good to have some music in between. So this pulse represents thermodynamic changes in the membrane and a pulse that is overall adiabatic. So we have a diameter, we expect curvature in there. And people have, for a long time, described curvature by an elastic theory made by Wolfgang Kelfrich in the 1970s. It's one of the most famous works in the membrane biophysics where you say that free energy density of a membrane has a quadratic dependence on curvature. It's basically Hooke law. And there is a Gaussian curvature term in there. And you can also stretch the term, the membrane, and you get a quadratic dependence on area in there. This is also just a Hooke and spring, basically. And people assume that these things here, the KB, can bending modulus or the KG, the Gaussian modulus, or here's the KTA, as a thermal compression modulus, that these are constants, they are called the elastic constants. And you would assume that constants are constant. And this works fine as long as nothing happens. So people have successfully used this kind of theory to describe vesicle shapes. This is a red blood cell. These are vesicles, these are, one of those is vesicle from synapse. So you can find from elastic theory shapes of organelles that are very similar to the calculation, to the experimentally found shapes. But the problem is, and that is the central part, is the central idea of my talk, that in biology, elastic constants are not constant. So they are variables, functions. So in order to explain to you why they are not constant, but they depend on some dynamic variables, I have to go a little bit into what a membrane is and how membranes behave. What's very important is the main component of a membrane is the lipid. That's how a lipid looks like. So it's a hydrocarbon tail. This is hydrophilic head. And all these things in the membrane here are lipids. And the big blobs in here are some proteins. And you have many different lipids in this membrane and what the composition is is not really important for me. But the important thing is that they have an order transition from an ordered state at low temperature to a disordered state at high temperature. So you get something like a transition. I don't want to call it a phase transition in the presence of so many theoreticians. But it's an order transition, which you could call a higher order transition from an order to a disordered state. And you can measure that by measuring the heat capacity. And heat capacity is basically as you heat it up and you measure how much heat and you need to increase the temperature by a certain amount. Heat capacities are very, very simple to measure and it's very easy to obtain them. So you also find, and what I just showed you in the previous slide was a transition of an artificial lipid. But you also find these transitions in biological membranes that's practically unknown. Hardly anybody has and considers this effect. This is a melting, the heat capacity profile in nervous membranes from the spine of pigs. This here is from lungs effectant of pigs. I could show you many, many pictures of different bacteria, cancer cells and so on. They all show transitions. It's other blue pigs in here. And then this here is body temperature and then you see some other pigs that's unfolding of proteins. But the melting of the membranes in the biological system happens always slightly below body temperature. Such that body temperature is at the upper end of this transition. Now, a little bit thermodynamics. The heat capacity is a change of the enthalpy when you change the temperature. So it's DH, DT. The average enthalpy in an ensemble can be just, it's just a weighted average of the microstate states. And this is a normal way of averaging a thermodynamic extensive variable. And if you now take this average and you make the temperature derivative of it and you calculate a little bit, then you find out that the heat capacity is actually equal to the mean square deviation of the enthalpy from the average. So that means it's proportion to the fluctuations. This is called a fluctuations relation. Every single susceptibility is related to a fluctuation relation. And capacitance, for example, volume expansion coefficient, compressibility, dielectric constants, they are also susceptibilities that you get when you change an extensive variable upon changing an intensive variable. So the heat capacity is related to fluctuations in enthalpy. So to give you a kind of more lead direct picture of what that means, I show you what fluctuations are. I mean, you are familiar with fluctuations when you have Brownian motion. This is basically thermal collisions of particles with the solvent. And this just moves around. But in membranes, when they are close to transitions, you also get something like that. On the left-hand side, you see a membrane close to a transition point. And on the right-hand side, you see the transition of this particular lipid. This is an AFM experiment. And then underneath, you see a simulation that's an easy kind simulation.  So the dark colors are the ordered state of the lipids. The bright colors are the disordered state of the lipids. You see fluctuation in the system. And if fluctuations, then if you just count the number of liquid disordered lipids, you would see that this fluctuates around an average. And the mean squared deviation of that noise, that is the heat capacity. So the interesting thing is, you get the same thing for other susceptibilities. For example, compressibility. The volume compressibility is given as the derivative of the volume with respect to pressure. Now, since the enthalpy here in the exponential term, the Boltzmann term, depends on pressure. You can make the same calculations as before and you find out that the volume compressibility is proportioned to the fluctuations in volume. The same you can do. And what you can also do by using Maxwell relations is to calculate the adiabatic compressibility when you know the isothermal one. You can do the same trick for area compressibility. That is proportional to the fluctuations in area. And capacitance is proportional to fluctuations of charges and so on. Every single susceptibility is proportioned to a fluctuation in some quantity, some extensive quantity. Okay, now we have made an experiment on membranes where we measured how the volume changes as a function of temperature. So you see two curves here. One of them is the heat capacity. That is a solid line. And the more dashed curve in here is the change of volume with temperature. You're measured by a densitometer. And what you see is that these two curves are completely superimposable. So that means volume and enthalpy change in an absolutely proportional relation with each other. And you can infer some similar things also for the area. So what you get is that the volume change is proportional to the enthalpy change and with a kind of coefficient in there which happens to have a number that is very similar to many, many systems that I've investigated. So that means if I know that number, I can calculate certain things. And I will show that on the next slide. So what you see here is, again, the fluctuation relation for the heat capacity, the fluctuation relation for the compressibility, the one for the area compressibility. We know that the volume change is proportion to the enthalpy, the area change is proportion to the enthalpy. And that if we just insert that into this equation, then we see that the compressibility would be proportion to the fluctuations in enthalpy. And that means I can relate the compressibility, the volume compressibility to the fluctuations in enthalpy. And that means that the compressibility is proportional to the heat capacity. So that means I can calculate elastic constants from heat capacities in our system. The same thing for the area compressibility. So I can calculate those from the heat capacity. Now I told you already that I can also determine the adiabatic compressibility. That's important because it is part of the sound velocity. If you try to measure sound propagation in a system, the sound velocity would be equal to the square root of 1 over the compressibility times the density. And now I told you I can calculate all of these things from the heat capacity. I've done that here. That would be the sound velocity as a function of temperature. And the dots are experimental points that people have measured in getting with an ultrasonic resonator. So that means you can successfully predict the compressibility and the sound velocity in experimental systems. Another thing that one can do that has also something to do with the fluctuations is that you can determine the lifetime of the fluctuations. The lifetime of the fluctuation is the same as the relaxation lifetime. And you can prove that the lifetime of fluctuations is proportional to the amplitude of the fluctuations and will yield something which is known as critical slowing down. That means if you are in it in the transition, the process is slow. And it turns out in just this is experimental data and the other curve is the heat capacity profile that you can calculate the relaxation time scale by, well, you find that it's proportional with an experimental accuracy to the heat capacity. So you can also determine the lifetimes from that. That is because we have a system here that has basically only one single order parameter. And all fluctuations turn out to be proportional to each other. That has, so in the following, we take it as an experimental fact that the elastic constants are proportioned to the heat capacity. The relaxation lifetime is proportioned to the heat capacity. And everything that changes the heat capacity will change the elastic constants and the lifetime. So that means I can manipulate all these properties by changing the thermodynamic variables. For example, pressure or temperature or something like that. Now, I want to present you this set of data that I had before in a slightly different way. Rather than plotting the sound velocity as a function of temperature, I want to plot the square of the sound velocity as a function of density. And what you see, but these are basically the same data. It's just presented in a different way. So that means here, this would be the temperature in which a biological moment is slightly above a transition. It's with the lowest density. And then when you go up in density, that means you compress the membrane and you make it more solid. Then the sound velocity goes down because the compressibility goes up. It's a very strange kind of spring. We have a spring that when we compress it becomes softer because we move the spring into a regime where the fluctuations are high. And so, and now I can make a statement about sound propagation in the system. The wave equation for propagating of sound is given here that is just standard hydrodynamics. That the second derivative of the density with respect to time is proportional to the derivative with respect to space. And the sound velocity is in the bracket term here. And we can sort of try to approximate this density depends of the sound velocity with the Taylor expansion. So we have a constant term, a linear term, a quadratic term, and so on. And I will use that and insert that into the wave equation. And that's what you see here. Then the wave equation looks like this. So you have instead of sound velocity squared, you have a constant term, a linear term, a quadratic term as a function of density. We have added a second term in there, which is called the dispersion term that takes into account that density is also frequency dependent. Sorry, the sound velocity is also frequency dependent. The interesting thing is this equation has analytical solutions which are solitonic. It's a soliton. It's in contrast to the talks this morning. It's not a topological soliton, but just a normal one like in water. I show you that in the moment, but it's remarkable that this soliton, that is the solution of this equation, has, is very, very similar to the nerve parts. So it has a maximum amplitude of about one nanometer. It has a velocity that is about two thirds of the sound velocity in a membrane, which is approximately 100 meters per second, like in motor neurons. It has, since it's an adiabatic process, it has a, it first releases heat and reabsorbs it in the second phase. And there are many, many other things that are remarkable effects. So these things are experimental profiles. This is a soliton which is a solution to this equation. So I said these things already. We have nerve parts approximately speed of sound in certain terms are associated with sickness changes in the moment. They are adiabatic, and this is all remarkably similar to the nerve parts. To show you what a soliton is, I show you this video from the internet. This is the famous John Scott Russell's soliton from 1834. It's basically a propagating water pulse. You get these solutions to the propagation equation when you have shallow water. In deep water, you get just silent or soiled waves as usual, but in shallow water, you get a single pulse that makes elastic collisions. It is reflected from walls. And so it propagates without much dissipation. So when did I start? I started approximately. Okay, so now this equation that I just showed you has four parameters. That is these three which come from the experimentally measured sound velocity and the dispersion term which is just a constant that determines how broad the paw peak is. And it's a little bit ugly that one is that we have not explained the dispersion term so far. But that I do here. I've shown you that the relaxation time in membranes is proportion to the heat capacity. And we also find that the heat capacity is frequency dependent. That has something to do with the relaxation process in the system. And by using linear response theory, we can actually find out that the dispersion coefficient is also a function of density and we can calculate it from the thermodynamic properties of the membrane. So we can then get a dispersion coefficient which is not a constant, but it's a profile like this as a function of density. And you get solitons that look like that and the different shapes that you see there depend on how fast they travel and how much energy they have. But we have now a theory for the propagation of sound in biological membranes which can be found without any free parameter. All the information is the thermodynamic information about the phase transition of that system. Good. So these solitons, so we basically claim that these solitons are the nerve pulse. Everything that can move the membranes through a transition would be able to excite a soliton. Everything that moves the transition away from physiological temperature would inhibit the excitation of a nerve pulse. So the things that can excite a nerve pulse would be voltage increase in pressure, a local temperature decrease and so on. Inhibition could be a temperature increase and aesthetics but also changes in pH and things like that. Good. So now what is that good for? We have here, I show here the transition in the biological membrane again. Here is the melting point of the membrane. This is physiological temperature. So now the claim is everything that moves the transition to the right side would make the nerve more excitable. Everything that moves it to the left side makes it less excitable. So we can by controlling the transition we can control the physiological function of the nerve and we can now check whether that is true. One remarkable thing about anesthesia is that all anesthetics at critical dose of anesthesia have exactly the same concentration in the membrane. So it's completely unspecific, doesn't depend on chemistry whatsoever. And one can explain that by a simple law from Funtoft, that's the freezing point depression law that basically says that the depression of a melting point by dissolving a substance in the liquid phase is exactly proportion to the amount of substance and that is exactly found in the experiment. So if you add anesthetics, I added here octanol but I can and here Lidocaine which is a local anesthetic. If you add that to, I'm nearly finished. And if you add that to membranes then you lower the melting point and this here is calculated by assuming the melting point depression law. This here is the experiment. The interesting thing is that there are other variables that shift transitions in the opposite direction like pressure. So if anesthetics shifted downwards and pressure shifts it up but what happens if you do both things at the same time? Do, can you wake up somebody who's anesthetized by applying pressure? And that people have actually measured that in tadpoles. And if you apply pressure on anesthetized tadpoles they in fact wake up at pressures that can be predicted from the numbers that I've shown you before. There are other phenomena that makes sense in that sense. For example, if you stretch enough, that means you have a tension in the membrane that would move transitions to lower temperatures and that would make the action potentials smaller because you need a larger energy to excite them. And that is what the calculation says. This is what you find in an experiment.  Another effect is tremor. If you shake and you assume that shaking is nerves shake, they are overexcitable meaning that the transition is at a slightly too high temperature. Then anesthetics should work against tremor and that's actually something where you find a lot of literature about that people with essential tremor basically stop shaking when they drink a glass of wine. And I had a student in one course who explained that to me and I found that very interesting. And another student in one of my courses actually had bipolar disorder treated by Lysium. Lysium is a very strong binder to charges nearly like calcium but much stronger than potassium or sodium. And that increases transition temperatures. So an overdose of Lysium also causes tremor and that can be counteracted by anesthetics. So I come to my summary slide. I could talk for hours about phenomena like that. But it's a powerful approach, right? It has a lot of predictive power and some of the phenomena can be predicted in numbers. So the nerve pulse can be understood as an electromechanical soliton. You find the right velocity and amplitude. This is a consequence of the nonlinear elastic properties close to melting transitions. This is consistent with reversible heat production and the adiabatic nature of the pulse and there are absolutely no free parameters in there. And there exist numerous medical conditions that can be associated to the shift in the melting transition and that makes a lot of sense. Thank you very much. Thank you very much indeed for this physical view into biological membranes. Very fascinating. Erio has some questions. What about the electrical signal and the depolarization wave and the whole classical story? Yeah, well I talked in my talk mainly about volume and area changes. But of course you also have membrane polarization. You have the capacity of the membrane. Of course if you have it, the soliton consists of a region where the membrane becomes thicker because you move it through the transition. That changes the capacitance by 20% and you get capacitive currents, for example. You also get a change in voltage. You get a reduction in voltage when you do that. Do you get a side effect? No, I wouldn't call it a side effect. In thermodynamics, all effects are true effects that are coupled with each other. But when I discuss with people from the neuroscience field, they often call the mechanical effect side effects, which is also wrong. These are all effects that are equally important. I'm wondering, what is the role of ion channels in all of that? So would these nerve passes propagate even without ion channels? Yes. Is there a role of ion channels at all? Or are they useless? I don't know, but the thing is I don't have that on my slide here. But I could show that to you in the coffee break. In the regime where the membrane fluctuates a lot and when you then make a patch clamp experiment and you measure the current through the membrane, you get events which are fluctuations in the permeability which look exactly like ion channels. So all these phenomena like ion channel opening and closing is also a consequence of the thermodynamics. Can you open the chat? Who's the host? There was a question online. And whoever put the hand up, can you unmute yourself? Yes, yes. So it's a related question. I'm definitely not an expert on this subject, but is there an explanation here for the refractory period? Why after a pulse has passed, there would be a time before which it can generate and transmit a pulse? Well, at least there's something that is similar to a refractory period because in order to get a soliton, you must accumulate material from the side. So that means two solitons that are close to each other compete for material. And there is a kind of minimum distance that you get between two solitons in order to have mass conservation in the system. Okay, so because we have to do our schedule today for the next post-assessment in time, thank you very much indeed. So yeah, applause for our speaker. We are meeting again at 4.40, yeah, 20 before the hour. And please come back a little bit earlier and meet our...


I really wanted to get it right, trying to find some balance in my life. I never really put up a fight, no sense in it. Alrighty, oh my goodness. I'm so excited for the 2022 season. Oh, the things I am hearing. Woo, it's gonna be a good one. It's gonna be a great season. I am beyond excited to get into the park and film some of these amazing things. But nonetheless, let's get right into the update. I can't talk about these things. Any, I can't talk about these things yet. But nonetheless, let's talk about what's going on right now. So a lot of you have seen this blue thing over by the cell tower. I haven't covered it because it's literally just a 5G network upgrade occurring to the cell tower. Nothing important. Anyways, moving on. Outside of that, Wonderland is prepping for the season. As you can see right now, this is them transporting dirt from the construction site over to where the hotel is located. And that's where they dump it. I worded it like the hotel is already located there. Where the hotel was supposed to be located. So they're transporting the dirt over there. They're storing the dirt over there. That is the only reason there's dirt and bulldozing going on over there. There's no hotel in the works currently. It is on hold is what we've been told. It is ready to go the minute Cedar Fair wants to build a hotel at Canada's Wonderland. They can start it up. It's approved and ready to go. But right now it's just on hold until Cedar Fair green lights the project again. But with that being said, still nothing over by dinosaurs alive, but we do expect there to be some sort of things to report on as you enter the park for the 2022 season. I do think that 2023 is looking pretty exciting, but I'm going to focus on 2022 because with that being said, I'm trying to think of anything else before I showcase the hotel or the hotel. Clearly I'm so excited that I've lost my train of thought before I showcase the restaurant because boy is the restaurant looking massive. It's now that the footprint is like dug out and I can see like the cement and concrete and the plumbing pipes and the electrical pipes and all that. This thing's going to be amazing. Remember, it's going to be two stories. Based off of what I'm seeing on the construction site, I think the back end of it only is going to be two stories. And I think it's going to be some sort of like ski lodge theme based off of what Grace had told us. So it's going to look like some sort of ski lodge. It looks like the back end of it's going to be two stories. So you'll be able to get on higher ground and overlook vortex and Yukon striker. And yeah, the footprint of this restaurant is looking really impressive. So I'm super excited about that. Can't wait to check it out in 2022. And I definitely am super excited for all the other new things coming to the park as well. No new updates in terms of Mindbuster. Again, in my previous video, I said it could take two to three weeks before we see anything. Wonderland does still have carpenters positions open, which is another good sign. Again, there are other reasons they could be hiring carpenters, but we do suspect some sort of retracking to occur on their wooden coasters as it seems to be a regular off-season thing that Wonderland does. So it's just something we expect. Nothing going on at Kingswood. Again, it is just sitting bare in. There are no plans currently to fill that land with anything. So there are no rush to remove Kingswood, but the tent will be coming down. Again, here is just them installing their little 5G network to the Sal Tower. Outside of that, trains are going back on. One of Backlot's trains are ready. Two trains on Behemoth currently. And as they get ready to start training soon, it's crazy to even use that word soon, but yes, Wonderland has started hiring about a week and a half ago. And I believe rides will be done hiring sometime soon and training will commence. And yeah, we'll get to start seeing rides testing probably around the end of March is when we'll see rides start training. So actually, the third week of March, we could start seeing some rides operational, maybe even the second week of March, which is kind of crazy to think about because we're already halfway through February. So to think that literally in a month, we could see rides testing and being prepped preventative maintenance wise is pretty insane. So super excited for that. Nothing else to report on yet. Again, there are obviously things that I can't talk about yet, but I will say it is going to be a really exciting season for enthusiasts at Canada's Wonderland. And it's just gonna be a really great overall, super awesome enhancement to the parks, the park for Canada's Wonderland. And I'm sure the park is going to announce a lot of these things sometime soon. So super excited about that. And yeah, I can't wait. We're gonna start doing weekly updates here on Canada's Wonderland as things start to ramp up as we head into the 2022 season. We do suspect that there will be no restrictions on Canada's Wonderland as they open in the 2022 season, except for masks. And even with masks, that literally could not be the case. It could be zero restrictions on Canada's Wonderland outdoors and just masks required indoors. And that is as of current. And as we know, going through this for the last two years, things can change at any moment. But yeah, super exciting news. Sounds like it's gonna be a pretty normal summer here at Canada's Wonderland. And I am definitely really excited for the future of Canada's Wonderland. And I know you guys are gonna be too. So can't wait. Can't wait to see all of you guys in the park on April 30th, we'll be there. And I just wanna say honestly, thank you so much for supporting the channel, choosing to watch our videos and taking any amount of time out of your day to even just listen to what I have to say about Canada's Wonderland. So honestly, thank you so much. Hope you guys are staying strong and staying positive through this pandemic. And have a good one. Have a good week, guys. Bye.


Hello, I'm Oly Suley and today I'll be covering the Moodle community section. So today it's community sites only, there's no presentation from Academy. So in terms of look and feel, there's been some updates made to the Moodle.org site. So we've got the saved updates section has been updated and that's the actual community area at the moment with the Moodle global displayed in there. So that's improved UI thanks to Federico and AR and the team and also with the Mood team working together. As you can see, I think on the next slide, you can see, okay, there's also there was an update on the statistics. All of these are incremental improvements and will make some additional changes in the experience as well. And the Moodle user association banner has been updated to incorporate a picture that they have provided to us next. Oh, here we go, the community stats, they're now appearing there. There will be improvements, as I've just mentioned, we've hopefully over text to explain a bit more about it and more kind of headers in there to give a little bit more context about the statistics and they might move about in the page as well. So we're incrementally improving the design for this. Next, please. So other updates from the community sites with the welcome text in the tracker when you're not logged in that had the updated text and links and that's been updated. As I mentioned in the goals, we also created and deployed a set of new demo sites that was asked by the community. So that sandboxes for other supported Moodle versions up to now we only had the latest version. And now we have any supported version and there'll be obviously once we do upgrade, upgraded to all the supported versions. This has been also communicated to fit within our goals of trying to get more in touch with the community, whatever the language. This has been communicated to the different communities as many as we could translate within our teams in English, Spanish, French, German and Italian. And we are trying to engage a lot of users in there and Mary's already reported that it has helped solving issues and support issues where people could test the different versions, issues they had and report the problem. So that's already adding value to our Moodle community users. Next, please. So plugins are improvement just a quick brief there. The first group points shouldn't be a bullet point. So high level briefs for the plugins are improvement have been created and updated. We've started with the most impactful and most impactful and easy to improve and hopefully set up so filtering and sorting redesign. So all of these are high level brief and visual concepts created. The redesign of the information available on the results list for the plugins directory, the display of the results on. Well, that's kind of how trustworthy a plugin is is what the users wanted to know and improve the experience of adding a plugin in the directory. There are other stories being briefed and scoped and then we'll start looking at implementing the first two priority ones. Thank you next. And if Victor is here, it might be able to cover this better than me. Yes. Hello everyone, I'm Victor and the fellow per in the community is 16. And we are almost finishing the, the, all the stuff for the download server migration we've moved from the Apache server that we use in the, the current server to a new engines. The configuration is, is really thanks to Edward for the support. And we have the updates API free working in the new server, as well as the sun scripts that we use to deploy changes in the external test over stuff that is hosted in the download server. We have to fix some bugs and makes an improvement in the local download model of plugin that is the one that manage all the redirections and how the packages are downloaded. We've made some minor changes to the theme of the Lord to customize it for the download site. And we are now working on the migration plan to have everything ready for the, for the moment, for the great moment. Thanks to the lawyer and Edward for the support. That's me. Thank you, Victor. It's a big piece of work that's long outstanding. So it's great to see the progress and we're, we're working on two options for the actual migration dates at the moment and they'll be decided over the next print. Thanks.


Well, last week, gusty winds and high waves damaged and moved the Lake Bemidji fishing pier and pushed it under the Bemidji Avenue Bridge. Now that the rain and high winds have subsided, Bemidji Parks and Recreation crews have had a chance to reinstall the pier. Repairs were made to the pier and the parks department finally had decent weather to move it back into position and anchor the dock so that it will be ready for anglers this holiday weekend. While damage to the pier was minor, reinforcements were added so the pier will stay put and won't drift away again in high winds. We had to reweld some of it, rebuild some of the structure underneath, rebolt it, add some more wood and kind of put things back in place. The pier was closed to the public for about five days prior to the fishing pier's damage and closure. The pier hosted a steady stream of anglers since the fishing opener. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland public television.


North Korea's state-run television on Dec. 19 aired a video footage of the state's newest Wasang-18 ICBM being launched, the isolated country said the test launch was conducted on Monday, Dec. 18, to gauge the war readiness of its nuclear force against mounting U.S. hostility, as Washington and its allies began operating a real-time missile data-sharing system. North Korean state media said leader Kim Jong-un watched Monday's launch of the Wasang-18 intercontinental ballistic missileat. A sight east of the capital, Pyongyang. The missile reached an altitude of 6,518 kilometers, flying 1,002 kilometers and accurately hitting the intended target, an empty patch of sea, state media said South Korea and Japan said that based on Monday's flight data, the North had fired an ICBM with the range to hit anywhere in the United States. The launch was condemned by South Korea, Japan and the United States as a flagrant violation of U.N. Security Council resolutions.


And the Lagos State Directorate of Public Prosecution has advised that Nollywood actor Alain Wajou James, alias Babaegisha, should be charged with child molestation. According to a statement signed by the Attorney General of Lagos State, Moyo Chorey Unigbanju, a prima facie case has been established against the actor. He said the state would ensure that James' rights as enshrined in the 1999 Constitution would be upheld. Unigbanju said the Lagos State Minister of Justice would not relent in efforts to ensure that sexual abuse of any resident of the state gets punished.


Did you do The Baby? I didn't work with The Baby yet, I had made a peg for him, but shit, there had to be about Kevin Gates.