So, Ayush had raises question last time that he was having a hard time visualizing the point view of a three dimensional line with respect to this what I would call virtual box right. So, yesterday even I was having a hard time when I went back I was like how would I do that, but then I could figure a way out and maybe I will share that with you ok. So, hopefully things will become clear in particular with regard to the distance that we were taking to get the point view. So, this figure is clear to you right is it is it yes or no perfectly clear to whom is this figure not clear wonderful. So, projection in the horizontal plane on the horizontal plane projection on the vertical plane on the vertical plane these distances are essentially these distances ok. So, pretty much there right and if you figure the intersection of the green and the blue line here and the green and the blue line here you have two vertices of a three dimensional line which is enclosed within a virtual box a virtual box right draw this plane that would contain this projection as well as this three dimensional line ok. Now, this step is critical project this plane forward in a manner that you are actually getting this guy along with this plane and this guy which is the image of this along with this plane get these two hinge lines and when you are drawing this hinge line with respect to the horizontal plane. So, this hinge line would be parallel over here. So, you would be essentially flipping that plane over in such a way that all these three planes lie on the same plane that is what the basic ideas ok. Now, follow this carefully this is fine I have shifted this entire figure over there ok. Now, yesterday two of you came and I asked how you would be able to locate the plane that would contain the point view of this three dimensional line and you know somebody was looking way up there like that alright. So, let me try to get that plane on this picture ok. So, the idea is that we are going to be looking on this line like so ok. So, perpendicular possibly to this plane. So, I draw two planes or rather I draw this plane parallel to this this plane here parallel to this and the back plane which is parallel to this plane which is containing the three dimensional line find so far with me. So, far it is a little messy. So, I would take away certain information that I do not need at this time ok. So, what I am left with is just the horizontal projection over here the vertical projection over here and the respective planes alright. Now, this view is probably not very comfortable for me to work with ok.  So, what I will do is I will essentially transfer all this information onto a cube and rotate the cube. So, what I will do is I will transfer this information this information this distance this distance this distance and this distance ok. Just carefully observe one more time this edge is now going to be one of the edges of the cube. I am going to be measuring the red distances and I am going to be placing this blue line on the horizontal surface. I am going to be measuring these green distances on to the vertical plane and then I am going to be having this red line at the end at the two ends of these green lines watch carefully. Now, it becomes a little easier for me to visualize the point view of this three dimensional line of course, for the point view I will have to be looking at this three dimensional line from here. So, I will have to draw a plane that would be that would be or I have to sketch a plane in such a manner that this guy over here is perpendicular to it right perhaps this is what my plane is it will be an inclined plane it would not be parallel to the vertical nor will it be parallel to horizontal it will be an inclined plane. And let me assume that I am going to be having a hinge line here for now that passes through one of the vertices of this red line. So, the idea is for me to flip this plane about this hinge line like this let me try to capture the point view here follow this way carefully, but before I do that I will ask this question to you is this the actual three dimensional line is just the image of that right. So, I should be considering the actual three dimensional line look at that figure over there the black line is something that I am interested not the red line. Now, for that I am going to be using this distance I am going to be using this distance and this is where my black line is. So, this plane black dash plane is going to be capturing the point view where over here is it not it right not there, but here now your question was how do I correlate these distances with this one now it is clear is it right. Now, that plane need not be passing through this vertex of the red line it can be anywhere. So, long as it is parallel to this plane. So, I can move this plane perpendicular to this line along this line yeah once again it is not really matter where the location that planes now what I would do is I would rotate that plane about that black hinge line like. So, and when I do that this guy would be coming where here clear now is it ok for you to correlate this distance with this distance clear yeah anybody else you are right for your consolation this is not good t it does not taste very good anyhow ok. So, having understood this let me move forward. So, visualization is only one aspect of it ok. So, with practice the more you practice the more it becomes easier for you to follow this mechanically anyhow parallel lines given the projections of a three dimensional line c d in the vertical and horizontal plane. And you also have the projections of a point a the vertical plane projection here the horizontal plane projection over here I am expected to draw a line that passes through a which is parallel to c d how do I do this how do I do this I will have to visualize this line point view or true length I will have to figure out the plane in which this line is in true length yeah hinge line this view is going to be I am not sure which one is going to be common all right. So, this view is going to be common because I am using another hinge line I am going to be making an auxiliary plane draw projections perpendicular to this hinge line measure what distance is measure this distance transferred over there measure that distance transferred over there. And this is my line c 1 d 1 in auxiliary plane 1 remember I can use as many auxiliary planes as I can or as I would want. So, this is the first auxiliary plane that is the reason why I am using the subscript c 1 d 1 and this would be in true length great. So, it is really nice to get the feedback from you. So, this would be in true length. So, now that I have located the plane I have to do the same exercise to get the corresponding projection of a on that plane how do I do that I will draw a projector perpendicular to this hinge line from that point I will measure this distance transferred over there that is where my point a 1 is. And then I know that this line is in true length. So, I can draw a line passing through a 1 which is parallel to c 1 d 1 of any length of any length right. And this is let us say point b 1 I take b 1 back I am going to be using the same rules now I am going to be taking b 1 back where do I locate that b 1 over there now would this be in true length a 1 b 1 ok. So, if one of if these lines are parallel and if one of the lines is in true length the other one has to be in true length now how do I locate b 1 in the horizontal plane over there. How do I do that I do not know the distances right now I do not know the distance, but what I know is if this is in true length it is corresponding projection in the other view has to be parallel to the hinge line it has to be parallel to the hinge line which is what I am going to be using. So, I am going to be ensuring that this guy is in true length I am going to go up and I am going to draw a line segment which is parallel to the hinge line ok. Once I get that now I can use the distances now if I project this b h downward I can measure this distance and transfer it back over here down. And there is the projection of a b in the frontal plane on the vertical plane right right ok. So, I have not mentioned a h b h maybe I will mention that later, but if I want to see now the point views of these two lines because both of these guys are in true lengths on this plane. So, if I look at these two lines from here I need to make a hinge line which is perpendicular to either one of these get the projections from where am I going to be getting the distances from there because now this view is common between this guy and the view that I am going to be making ok. So, I will get that distance transferred over there I will get that distance transferred over here so far so good now what ok yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah. So, my mistake was so nice right you guys realize that. So, this guy should be here right ok. So, this distance should actually have been here and that distance should actually have been here ok. So, just flip these guys over and essentially you are going to be getting this point view over here this point view over here. So, point view of c d sorry point view of a b will be here point view of c d will be there yeah ok. Next perpendicular to a line from a point you got the projections c d in the horizontal plane vertical plane and you also got the projection a v and a h in both planes I am doing a Dhoni here. So, I am trying to make runs fast ok. Hinge line it would be a good idea for you to sketch alongside this lecture give you a nice practice and hopefully you will be. So, two things will happen number one your eyes will not get heavy number two you know it will be nice I mean you will get some practice ok. So, I will start with the hinge line so remember whatever exercise I am doing with respect to this view I can do exactly the same thing starting from here nothing stops me ok. So, I will draw a new hinge line parallel to c h d h here take the projections get this distance transferred over there get that distance transferred over there I get c 1 d 1 n true length 1 full and then I will do the same thing for a I will take projection which is perpendicular to this hinge line I will measure this distance transferred over there and I will get my a 1 there ok. So, the question is to figure out a perpendicular from point a in 3 d on to c 1 d 1 or c d the three dimensional line c d this is what the question is alright. So, at this time maybe I will just move forward I will get the I will try to get the point view of c 1 d 1 hinge line perpendicular to this projection I hope I am not making that mistake again get that distance measured over there this is my point view of c d and then likewise I will measure that distance draw a projector perpendicular to that hinge line from a and transferred over there this is my a 2. So, this is my first auxiliary plane that contains the true length of c d this is my second auxiliary plane that contains the point view of c d yeah ok. Now, is it ok for me to draw a perpendicular from a 1 to c 1 d 1 and say that this would be perpendicular why not why not why not or why both questions this would not be the actual length, but this would be perpendicular ok. Do you agree the plane in which this line is in true length I draw a perpendicular this will remain perpendicular ok, but this guy may not be in true length it is. So, on this auxiliary plane it is only the projection of this line that you see to get the true length I will probably have to go over there would this be true length why is that because this guy is parallel to this hinge line if one of the projections is parallel to the hinge line the other projection will contain the true length quite mechanical now yeah. So, this would be in true length.  Of course, b 1 has to lie on c d. So, you get b h come down ok of course, b has to lie on c d. So, you get b b. So, this is your first or projection of your perpendicular in the horizontal plane and this is the projection of the same perpendicular in the vertical plane with me. Now, better to understand lot easier to understand compared to previous lectures last part from where till this is fine till this is fine that would be true length this is point b 1 ok b 1 has to lie on c 1 d 1 right come up and these projections they are going to be parallel to each other ok. So, the corresponding projection of b in the horizontal plane is going to be b h on c h d h come down the corresponding projection will be b b ok and you join just a h b h over there and a b b b over here no rocket science how is your galaxy going starting ok anyhow. So, this is clear is this clear ok shortest distances between lines it is going to be a long day today. So, bear with me, but I really want you to understand this because if you do not then you will have difficulty starting Monday ok. So, it was important for us to have this class look at this figure and you will realize that the points or the lines are intersecting or not they are not intersecting the reason why because you do not see the corresponding projection of the intersection in the horizontal plane over here ok. So, they cannot be intersecting they are skewed in space somewhere right alright same thing same thing a hinge line try to get the first auxiliary plane projectors perpendicular to that hinge line from everything a b c and d things might be a little messy. So, I want you guys to follow this carefully measure this distance transferred over there measure that distance transferred on the projection from where on the on the projection emanating from d h over there. So, this is your c 1 d 1 and since this projection is parallel to this hinge line this would be in true length do the same thing for the a's and b's take that distance transferred over here on the projection starting from h take that distance transferred over there and you would be getting a 1 b 1 this guy is in true length how about this guy not in true length fine. Now, let me try to visualize these two lines from a plane from where I can see c d as a point get the point view of c d make a line or make a hinge perpendicular to c d draw this projector measure that distance transferred over there and this would give you the point view of c d draw two other projectors from a 1 b 1 perpendicular to this guy this hinge line where are you going to be measuring the distances from here. Measure that distance transferred over here if you have not noticed let me emphasize that these distances are to be measured they are to be measured from the hinge lines it is critical not to be measured from the points, but from the hinge lines every time. So, measure that distance this little one from this hinge line transferred over there and this is your a 2 b 2. So, on the second auxiliary plane you see c d as a point c d as a point and you see the projection of a b would a 2 b 2 be in true length good no problem how do we find the shortest distance between lines I draw a perpendicular right there I draw a perpendicular all right is this going to be in true length what you say yes it is perpendicular to c d also, but you do not know do you as of now yeah, but with this plane over this projection of the perpendicular give you the give you the true length fine. So, you say yes you say yes, but I will retrace my steps back and convince you that it is actually going to be in true length for those who believe great, but for those who do not believe that this is going to be in true length I will convince you that this is going to be in true length at this time I just pose a question whether this is going to be in true length or not anyhow.  So, m will be part of a b in general everywhere on every plane. So, this would be m 1 if that is the shortest distance if that is the shortest distance it has to be perpendicular somewhere all right. Now, since this guy is parallel to the hinge line why because this thing is perpendicular to c d shortest distance has to be perpendicular to 2 both both lines right. Now, you just see that it is perpendicular to c 1 d 1, but you can verify later whether it is perpendicular to a b or not in some auxiliary plane anyhow. So, once you verify that this is parallel to this that would be in true length yeah.   So, till here so ignore ignore this part of the red line. So, it is going to be till here yeah. So, while justifying that we got the perpendicular in true length in the second auxiliary plane.  Yeah. So, why is that so why did we take n 1 such that it is perpendicular to c 1 d 1. The shortest distance is going to be perpendicular to both lines yeah, but how often do you agree the shortest distance is going to be perpendicular to both lines. Now, if you are seeing one of the lines in its true length that shortest distance will be perpendicular to it that is how yeah. If I draw this line so you are asking as to why did I draw this perpendicular to a to b 2 I could have drawn like this, but would that have been the shortest distance I could have drawn that like this, but would that have been the shortest distance this would be the shortest distance and that is the only possibility it has to in reality in three dimensions if I have this line and if I have this line if I am going to be computing the shortest distance between these two guys that line would be unique that would not be changing is just that their projections will be different in different planes step up do we have another pointer turn around this is one of the lines in 3 d this would be the other line 3 figure out the shortest distance perpendicular to both perpendicular to the board yeah yeah show that show that show that yeah now what what is your question sir I am asking that suppose we have two lines yeah one is the shortest one yeah somewhat lengthier than this yeah if I take the projection of both the lines any plane is it always true that the projection of the short shortest line will always be shorter than the projection I mean not necessary not necessary what have a seat have a seat but listen listen listen listen so this auxiliary plane is slightly different in this auxiliary plane you are seeing one line like this in the point view and the other line or the projection of the line somewhere okay how would you see the shortest distance absolutely which is what this is yeah so that plane is slightly different but if you want to do this exercise try to get it a b in its true length and figure out what this projection is going to be okay alternatively alternatively yeah but just a moment before I alternatively you know I started by finding the point view of CD okay do the same exercise instead of making this hinge line make a hinge line that is parallel to HBH get the point view of HBH draw that shortest distance and see really if the true length of the corresponding shortest distances are the same you could do that and you could verify yes okay can can you be a little silent because otherwise it becomes a little difficult for me to hear and can you be a little louder and slow down so C1 D1 and A1 B1 yes yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah okay Yeah, this is what I am saying let me try to understand what you are asking. So, you are saying step 1 I drew a perpendicular from here to here step 2 I drew a perpendicular from here to here. Now, let me counter ask a few questions are you convinced with this step not very much it is true length because the shortest distance has to be perpendicular to both lines. If I am seeing one of the lines in it is true length that means, that I have been able to capture that line on that corresponding auxiliary plane the shortest distance will be perpendicular to it agreed. Do you agree with this then if you agree with this then then this guy is parallel to this hinge line because both of these are perpendicular to C 1 D 1 right. Now, if I go from here to here the projection of any line segment which is parallel to one of the hinge lines the corresponding projection in the other view has to be in true length it has to be right do you agree with that. So, if you agree with this and if you agree with this then your question is this is the point view of C D this is my line here it could be anywhere what is the shortest distance that you are going to be dropping from the point view of C D on to this coming forward rather going forward enough of lines now to planes given the projection of a plane given the projection of a plane in the horizontal plane up there and the projection of the corresponding plane the vertical plane.  So, a with a b with b and c with c the question is to find the edge view of the plane number 1 and to find the true shape of the plane if I can can I have one of your yeah. So, imagine that this guy is what you see over here on a triangle and imagine that this guy is what you see over there now the edge view. So, this is the this is the true plane for example, the edge view of the plane will be like this for you the edge view of this plane will be like this and if you flip if you flip this plane over if you flip this plane over or rather if you rotate that plane about this edge view you will be essentially getting the true shape right now the question is how to find the edge view of this plane. And then I know that if I flip this plane over by 90 degrees about that hinge I will be getting the true shape fine now it might seem a little difficult, but it is not very difficult as it seems. Now, be very careful be very attentive and follow the following steps I start with the hinge line now what I do is something smart what I do is something smart I locate a point d h I locate a point d h on d h c h in such a way that a h d h is parallel to the hinge line does this part thing that I have done the second thing well not very difficult I project d h down and get that corresponding point here on d v c v. Now, this guy if you just treat this guy as a line segment it is parallel to the hinge line here this would be in true length and if I look at this plane if I look at this plane in such a manner or rather let me let me go back next step I would do is I would draw a hinge line perpendicular to this line a v d v. So, in the process what I am trying to do I am trying to find the point view of a v d v project this line and measure distances. So, that distance will be transferred over here this distance gets transferred over there this distance from this hinge line to c h gets transferred over there and this distance gets transferred over there fine this is what I have done something very simple something very mechanical and then this is my first auxiliary plane I join these three guys these three points horizontal plane vertical plane that is the vertical plane and that is the first auxiliary plane a 1 d v comes now strangely this is the point view of a v d v and this is my c a 1 this is my b a 1 and here I would have d a 1 and a a 1 once again this is my c a 1 this is my b a 1 and here I would have d a 1 and a a 1 strangely strangely I have got all the four points on a plane onto a single line yeah I have done nothing special I have done nothing special all I have done is I have found a length I have found an edge on the plane or a line segment on a plane to length I have just viewed that corresponding projection of the plane perpendicular to this that is all I have done nothing else. So, strangely this entire plane is now represented in this auxiliary plane by this line segment is this the edge view of the plane this is what we wanted this is what we wanted did not we I could do the same thing starting from the vertical plane let me go over this real quick parallel line project d v to d h this would be in to length make a hinge line perpendicular to a h d h shoot the projectors out from these vertices measure this distance transferred over there measure this distance transferred along c h measure this one transferred along b h draw this line segment this is the edge view of the plane that is the horizontal plane that is the auxiliary plane 1 and again you see that all these vertices lie on the line segment. Now, if I draw a hinge line parallel to this edge view of the plane and try to see how this guy looks perpendicular to this edge view same thing shoot the projectors measure distances from where now from where from here this is between a 1 a 2 hinge line measure that distance transferred over there measure this distance transferred over here somewhere. Now, this distance is from here to a h measure this distance transferred over here this is the true shape of the plane that you will be getting the beauty of this construction is nowhere am I using coordinate geometry nowhere I am using mathematics simple lines that is a beautiful. Can I go back to the previous example and get the true shape of the thing yeah real quick real quick and can I try to compare these two shapes no hey half an hour more I have to finish this lecture just two minutes. So, I get this true shape from the previous example I merge that true shape in such a way that one of the vertices coincide then one of the edges coincide and then I flip it. So, both will expectedly give you the same shape I have to finish this lecture number one, but I will give you the freedom to you know go back and do whatever you want.  I think we are almost done let me see how much let me see how much I have line parallel to a plane is it straight forward get the plane in the edge view get the plane the edge view draw a line parallel to it I quickly go through that quickly go through that see listen otherwise see if I do not finish this then you guys are going to be having a problem in the next week I will not you guys will be facing problems.  All right so this is d v this is going to be in true length draw a hinge line perpendicular to a v d v shoot the projections measure distances transfer distances straight forward this is not very difficult this is the edge view of the plane edge view of the plane get the points not a problem do the same thing for point p h shoot a shoot a projector perpendicular to this hinge line measure that distance transferred over there this is what p a 1 is draw a line parallel to the edge view of the plane any given length let that point be q a 1 trace it back so if you assume that that is going to be in true length which is actually what is going to be true then this guy has to be parallel to that hinge line get this point q v measure that distance shoot that projector transfer distance get q h this what your line is. So, if you just look at this picture and this picture it is not at all clear if this line is parallel to the plane is it is it strange but only this view gives a clear picture yeah how did if this is in true length if this is in true length this has to be parallel to the hinge line basic golden rule yeah p q should not change in ts view of a b c let us see what this is all right. So, if I made the true shape of the plane and what am I doing here measuring the distance transferring over there measuring the distance transferring over there all right. So, what am I saying so this length this length would remain the same is it over here and over here and the only way this is going to be possible is if both these guys are parallel to the hinge line is it all right fine. So, all right. So, now same thing line perpendicular to a plane from a point stay with me just about getting done hinge line a h d h parallel to the hinge line I get the true length I make the edge view of the plane shoot the projectors get distances transfer distances get the edge view of the plane stay with me mark these points I do the same thing with the point measure that distance transfer over there I get that point as p a 1 and if I want to draw a line perpendicular to a plane from a point this guy has to be perpendicular this point has to lie on the plane q a 1 this should be in true length should this be in true length you guys want to go back this ok if this is in true length then this would be parallel to the hinge line and make sure or know this very well that q the corresponding prediction of q over here has to be lying on this plane ok. So, this is q v and measure that distance project q v up there transfer the this guy has to be lying within the plane this is q h and this is the line which is perpendicular to the plane in both horizontal and vertical planes ok all right forget about that verification p q should be in point view wait this is important p q should be in point view in the true shape of a b c would that be the case all right. So, if you get the true shape of the plane and if you get the corresponding projection of p q on to the true shape this would be the point it should be in the point view you know. So, when you are doing this always verify always have those little thingies that you can use to verify whether you have done something correct or


In many cases, we want to construct a function with particular properties. For example, a line with a specific slope, a parabola with a specific vertex, two graphs that intersect in specific places. To do this, it's helpful to remember every point x, y on the graph of an equation will make the equation true. For example, let's find b so that the point 3, 1 is on the graph of y equals x cubed plus bx squared plus 11x minus 15. So we know that 3, 1 is on the graph and every point x, y on the graph of an equation will make the equation true. So we know that x equals 3, y equals 1 makes the equation true. So remember, equals means replaceable. So every place we see an x, we can replace it with 3 and every place we see a y, we can replace it with 1. So in our equation, we can replace and then solve for b. What about a different situation where we know where two graphs intersect? Let's see if we can find additional intersection points. So remember, if x, y is at the intersection of two curves, it makes both equations true. And since we know x and we don't have y, so what can we do now? Well, remember, every point x, y on the graph of an equation will make the equation true. So x equals 1 does correspond to a point on the graph of y equals 3x minus 5. And since y equals 3x minus 5 and x is equal to 1, we can find y. And so the intersection point is that x equals 1, y equals negative 2, or at 1, negative 2. Now since 1, negative 2 is an intersection point, it makes both equations true. So we have y equals x cubed plus x squared plus cx plus 10 equals means replaceable. So we can replace x with 1 and y with negative 2. And that gives us an equation where the only thing we don't know is c. So solving for c and so we have our equations. Now we'd like to find any other intersection points. So we know that y equals 3x minus 5 and y equals x cubed plus x squared minus 14x plus 10 equals means replaceable. So any time we see y, about here, we can replace it with x cubed plus x squared minus 14x plus 10. And since this is a polynomial equation, let's get everything onto one side. And we have this nice cubic polynomial that we can try to solve. Now if you are walking down the street and this cubic equation fell out of the sky and hit you on the head, you should probably go to the emergency room to check out that concussion. But more importantly, we have ways we can solve cubic equations like this. But let's take advantage of the fact that we already know that x equals 1 is a solution because we know the two graphs intersect at x equals 1. And because we know x equals 1 is a solution, we know that x minus 1 is a factor. So we can factor the left hand side as x minus 1 times something. We can find the something by dividing. And we have a polynomial that we could try to factor. And now we have a product of three things equal to zero. So product equals zero only when one of them is equal to zero. This first factor, x minus 1, could be zero. That gives us the x equals 1 solution we already know. The other two factors give us x equals negative 5 and x equals 3 as additional solutions. And so solving, we find two more intersection points. A point with an x coordinate of negative 5 and a point with an x coordinate of 3. Well, technically these are half points. We need to know what y is. If x is equal to negative 5, we can use either equation to find y. Let's use the harder equation because we'd rather do more work than less work. What was that? Oh, maybe we'll use the easier equation. y equals 3x minus 5. We know what x is. And we can find our value of y, negative 20. And so that gives us negative 5, negative 20 is another intersection point. Similarly, if x equals 3, we can compute the value of y. And so 3, 4 is another intersection point.


And all right, so let's jump into this with May the Ginsburg.  I think you can read that elsewhere. It's all over the news. It's all over everywhere. I mean, obviously an incredibly accomplished woman, an incredibly successful woman, a woman who was pathbreaking in terms of the acceptance of women into the legal profession at the beginning of her career, the second female Supreme Court justice, somebody who clerks of hers have written about how supportive she was and how helpful she was in the careers of those clerks. When she was in the Supreme Court, she was a good friend of Anthony Scalia. So obviously an incredibly sharp mind. I don't think you make the Supreme Court without a sharp mind. And I don't think Anthony Scalia becomes your friend without a sharp mind. A woman who obviously I disagreed with on many, many things and disagreed with her opinions as a Supreme Court judge on many, many things. But you have to admire somebody who had had some principles and fought for those principles and stood by them. And on issues like abortion, she represented my voice on the Supreme Court. So I very much supported her opinions on abortion. And I think she held in the balance an important, she held the poor abortion position. She was strongly supportive of that position, was a voice for that position on the Supreme Court. And we'll talk about that, because I think that one of the consequences of Trump appointing a her replacement will be, I think the death of Rosa versus Wade, the death of abortion protection at the federal level. And then, then it's gonna be interesting. Then it's gonna be interesting where that takes us. You know, she was a strong character over the last few years.  She basically did everything she could to hang on and not die while Trump was president. I mean, I don't think there's any question about that being the case. And it's gonna be, yeah. So really smart, really bright, really important for the advancement of women in the legal profession, a real fighter. I mean, let, you know, you can disagree with somebody and still view them as a real foe. And I think, and respect them as a real opponent. And I think that's what Scalia, Justice Scalia's attitude towards this, I think some Scalia, Scalia's son is with an attribute to her. You can find that on his tweets, on his Twitter account. So I think she garnered real respect from her opponents and that's to her credit. I think flags flying at half-mast, you know, across Washington DC makes a lot of sense today in her honor.  And we as objectivists, I think who recognize accomplishment and shouldn't view everything through the prism of politics, I think should be in a position to recognize that and to appreciate that. So my respects to RBG, which is the term that people use to refer to him. All right. So now the political question. The political question is should Trump nominate replacements? And Trump is indicated he will. The Senate Republicans, at least Mitch McConnell is indicated that he will bring a Trump nominee to a vote. It's not clear Republicans have enough votes. There are a number of Republicans that have expressed their opinion that they should not be bringing a candidate to a vote. Right now, less than two months less than two months before an election. And of course there's a precedent. The precedent for this was under Obama when Scalia died. And it's interesting that Scalia created the fury around 2016. It is his friend RBG who's creating the fury right now. When Scalia died about 11 months before the election and Republicans held the Senate, Republicans refused to bring a nominee forward to being, it is the president who presents the nominee. It is the Senate that must confirm the nominee and Republicans refused to even consider even bring to debate, nevermind vote on a, on Obama's nominee. So Obama nominated a kind of a leftist but a centrist leftist because he had a Republican Senate to contend with. A rabid leftist could have never passed, probably not passed that Senate. And Republicans were in a position to at least vote and maybe vote his candidate down. They did not want to vote the candidate down because there's a tradition in the Senate that you vote four candidates that you believe are qualified. And the person that, the judge that Obama had nominated was certainly qualified. So what they decided to do was say, look, we want to wait until after the election. And the reasoning there was, look, the Senate is Republican. The people have voted for Republican Senate twice in 16 and in 18, sorry, in 12, what was it, 12 and 14. And we have a majority Senate and therefore we have divided governments and we should let the people resolve who they want as their next Supreme Court judge by letting the, let the vote go through in the presidential election. Now I think that was a disingenuous argument. I think they should have voted and if they didn't want this guy they should have voted him down. But to delay a nomination for 11 months because of a pending election was a precedent. It was, you know, and it was just, Mary Garland was the name of the candidate. It was wrong. It was disingenuous. The reasoning was made up. They just didn't want to be in this quandary of voting him down. And they didn't want to confirm it. So they fudged the rules in a sense and didn't even consider him. And you have to remember that then the Republicans did one more thing which is going to be crucial, crucial if the Democrats win the Senate at some point down the road. Certainly if they win the Senate soon. If they win the Senate in this election and Biden gets to become president Republicans will pay for this. But in, during Trump's, during the Trump administration Trump, if you remember has been calling for throughout his presidency the elimination of the filibuster, the idea that you need 60 votes to really to vote on a, on a, on an amendment. So you really need 60 supporters to get any bill passed. Trump has been against that. Republicans have held their ground on the filibuster. They've kept the filibuster, but then, but then they eliminated the filibuster for judicial nominees, at least the Supreme court nominees. I'm not sure if it goes all the way down to other kinds of judges. So the Gorsuch and Kavanaugh, I don't think Gorsuch got 60. I know Kavanaugh didn't get 60. Gorsuch and Kavanaugh were the first Supreme court justices at least in modern times to have been elected to the Supreme court without 60 votes. So twice Republicans have changed the precedents have changed the kind of the traditions. Yeah, Gorsuch got 55 votes. I think Kavanaugh got 50, 51, I think. I think 51, 48 to 51, something like that. Maybe it was 52 to 48. They've changed the historical precedents, right? In order to get, to get their way, not taking a vote on, on Merrick Garland and doing away the filibuster for the purposes of, of nominating a judge that they wanted and passing a judge that they wanted to remember, right? Right? Yeah, I mean, the first time that this idea of 60 votes was removed, right? It was removed on the read and it was, yes. And, and, yeah. It's, it's, so this idea of eliminating it. Okay, so it was 50 to 48 by Kavanaugh and two abstain. The idea of eliminating the filibuster basically makes us more of a democracy. The idea of, of, of, you know, fudging the rules in a Senate to get your way makes us more of a democracy and less of a constitutional republic. The whole idea of what the founders created here is a system of government that makes it difficult to pass legislation, difficult to make fast changes. And the Senate recognizing the dangers of a simple majority introduced the filibuster. Originally you had a literally filibuster and then they exchanged literally filibuster means literally speak, right? Then they, they, they replaced that with the 60 votes and now they've done away with it with judges and Democrats are already threatening to do away with the filibuster completely if they win the Senate in, in this election and if the, if Biden gets elected as, as president. So again, whatever you vote for president, I do think you should vote Republican in the Senate if only to prevent the Democrats from doing away with the filibuster which I think would be a disaster. Of course, again, Trump has been advocating for doing away with the filibuster for a long, long time. Yeah, the filibuster was never supposed to be what it became because it was supposed to be somebody could stand up and speak and hold up a vote by speaking. But I like the fact that they need 60 votes because I think it prevents bad laws from getting through and we have a lot of bad laws. Almost all bad laws are bad. Almost all laws are bad. So, you know, I'm, I'm a big believer in gridlock. So, you know, Republicans basically violate tradition in 2016 by not bringing garland to a vote, changed the filibuster rules and now less than two months before a vote for the presidency are going to cram through a judicial nominee of their choosing. If the Democrats win both the presidency and the Senate, they're gonna be in a very bad mood. They're gonna want payback and there are two things that they're likely to do. Not likely, but at least a threatening to do. We'll see if that turns out to be likely. One is that they are likely to deal with the filibuster completely so they can get a green new deal. They can get socialized medicine, Medicare for all, whatever, public choice, whatever, whatever they want. They'll cram through the Senate and there'll be no stopping them because if the Republicans lose everything, they would lose everything. And second is, Benjamin says, Democrats can eat at six, three and it's done. No, it's not done. The fact is that the Democrats can change the number of Supreme Court justices. What Democrats can do and what has been threatened in the past and what they're threatening right now, if you follow the news, you'll see Democrats actually making this threat is that they can expand the Supreme Court to 11 justices, nominate two of their own and at least bring it back to six to five. That's what they can do. FDR threatened to do that. FDR threatened to do that. And as a consequence of threatening to do that, the Supreme Court, it basically caved. But there's nothing wrong. There's nothing, it didn't try to. He threatened it. It was a realistic threat and as a consequence, he got to what he wanted because they didn't force his hand into doing it. But there's nothing to stop Democrats from expanding the court to 11 and nominating two of their judges. Again, they feel cornered, just like Republicans have felt cornered when Democrats do the BS and given the tribalism and given the antagonism, the hatred, the division, where they are today, it would be a disaster to see this kind of gamesmanship at the Supreme Court level of expanding the court when you get nominees you don't like. But I wouldn't be surprised if they did it. So first is there's a real potential for really bad political outcomes as we move forward that this has created. And I don't think it's avoidable. I don't think there's anything that can be done. I mean, we'll see whether there's enough Republican senators to support a nominee. Just less than two months before the election, a presidential election, I'm not sure. Right now, there are at least three to four Republican senators who are wavering. They can afford to lose three. So it's a 50-50 tie and then Pence steps in and votes. But even that would mean a Supreme Court gets a judge where it's even worse than the Kavanaugh, 50 to 48, where it's 50-50 or 51-50 where the vice president had to vote in. And that all set up an even more contentious future. That all set up an even more tribalistic and even more Republicans, Democrats, and he does other strokes future. So we will see. The other issue is of course, who is Trump gonna nominate? Who is Trump gonna nominate for the court? Right now, we have a conservative majority in the court, but it's not that conservative and you've got Roberts and even Gorsuch who have voted in unexpected ways. It's a court that's unlikely to reverse Wade. It might weaken Roe versus Wade, but it's unlikely to reverse it and showed no inclination to reverse it. But the fact is that, and to me, abortion is a big deal. It's a big deal. And it was the Iron Man. I mean, Iron Man basically viewed this as one of the most important political issues that we face. One of the most important litmus tests, if you will, for candidates. I mean, one of the reasons she didn't vote for Reagan was because of his opposition to abortion and his elevation of the issue to such a high ranking. Well, it appears that the number one candidate that Trump has, and I will see who he ultimately nominates, but it looks like he's gonna try to replace Ruth Bader Ginsburg with a woman. And the number one candidate for that is Amy Connie Barrett. Amy Connie Barrett is a, you know, is the U.S. She's a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit based in Chicago. She was confirmed to that court in 2017. She was a Trump nominee. She's been vetted. She's gone through the Senate. They know what they're gonna after. You know, so she's kind of an easy nomination. She was being on the shortlist. She was on the shortlist with Kavanaugh. And she is a devout Catholic, a devout Catholic. And she has seven kids. There's a reflection of her being a devout Catholic. And she would overturn world versus weight in a blink of an eye. She would do it in an instance. She claims that she does not allow her religious belief to interfere in her legal decision-making. And I'd like to believe her. I'd like to believe her, but I don't really. And there's nothing to suggest that she wouldn't. Other nominee, other suggestions. Other people that have been mentioned. Alison Rushing, who is the U.S. Court of Appeals and the fourth court based in Virginia. She's young. She's 38, very anti-gay, very religious right, very, very anti-abortion. Other nominees, it's less clear. The only guy, the only man on the list on what has come out as a shortlist by a variety of different news sources is a guy as a judge by the name of Amul Thapar, who is of Indian heritage. He is 51. He is also Catholic. I don't know how religious he is. He converted to Catholicism when he got married. And he is the U.S. Court of Appeals for the sixth district based in Cincinnati and a favorite of Mitch McConnell's. So I don't know, somebody I think Ryan says that he's pretty convinced that Rovers' words will not be appealed, will not be reversed no matter what. I disagree. I think it's gonna go pretty quickly. Certainly if they get a sixth vote, if they're Republicans, if they put on one of these judges who is committed to an anti-abortion position, I think that abortion gets voted against pretty quickly. I don't think Rovers' way was particularly well decided. I think it's left a lot of holes, just what do you call it, legally. I think the idea, the right to an abortion is something that is, the left has a really hard time defending, given that it doesn't really defend rights in any other arena. I think that conservatives present themselves as having them all high ground. And I think Rovers' way gets overturned. If they get six to three, Rovers' way is out. And again, I in fact, at least, considered the abolition of abortion, at least at the federal level, to be a horrific possibility and an anti-freedom, anti-rights, bellwether, right? And so, something to keep in mind is that gay marriage might be at risk, although I doubt that I actually vote that off. I think there are enough conservatives on the court right now who would vote for gay marriage right now that they wouldn't reverse that. And it's a recent enough ruling that I don't think it will reverse. But I think abortion is at real risk, real risk. What we need today, what I call the new intellectual, would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning, any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, whims, or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism, and impotence, and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist, wrote. All right, before we go on, reminder, please like the show. We've got 163 live listeners right now, 30 likes. That should be at least a hundred. I figure at least a hundred of you actually like the show.  There you go, start liking it. I want to see that go to a hundred. All it takes is a click of a thing, whether you're looking at this. And you know, the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego. It's an issue of the algorithm. The more you like something, the more the algorithm likes it. So, you know, and if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down. Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes. But if you like it, don't just sit there, help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share. 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Isn't she beautiful? It's gonna be cut out of the frame anyways. Yeah, I know What's going on guys? My name is Jackie. You can go on the ice show. We will come back to attack on time We have episode 33 the hunters. I'm gonna get right to it. There's no drink of the day We're doing back-to-back recordings if you're new drop a sub hit that big woodbell willies link down below Let's go Just pops out like a peanut Your ripped peanut So what is the plan you can't just consume Erin again Think about the pickles and Spongebob under the tongue. I Guess if you like bit into Erin and just like picked out his human form It's just fishing for like bobbing for apples.  Oh Wait, so who is the other one that birdhole took though wait So he took Yamir and one other person, but he's only Carrying Yamir right do you want to say your line again? Oh did I would feel so uncomfortable like inside these walls? Yeah, I haven't we actually haven't seen this guy in a long time He looks like one of the old guy outs like outside of the Pokemon houses actually kind of It's a very specific reference Go chill brother.  Oh Hey, what troubles some mice? Oh Annie Freakin faster Dude, yeah, we've been seeing Levi in a hot minute.  Oh That is some intense drinking. Yeah That's some gulping fighting the colossal right now. It's not big of a hurry Wait, but that's misinformation that sounds like he that that makes it sound like they all died Just kind of like oh well Aaron's gone. Yeah Only Titans on your side Tanning Wanted to pick him up a basketball. That's cute cracker is an entire It's a whole like info sheet a flashback.  No worries It's Mika's everyone knows her dude. Yeah What do you mean don't under us? Kind of a sucker punch, but betting money on kids Robe that would hurt. Oh my god Don't worry his pop glasses pop glass. Oh, yeah Just accept that we're a waste of taxes Oh my god, that looks like a wrist. Yeah, she's gonna broke his arm. This kid is just actually getting so disrespected He just pulls out a sword and just I Hate this kid's face and it's so punchable This is very very large. Yeah Wow, he just actually broke a sweat. She's calling for him now But like not cuz she's knocked out. Oh the scarf It's like they just left her I mean it's looking rough Depressing They're like looking up at her Hey, hey Yeah, help me up Dude her lifelong mission is like to protect Aaron They're only two times that we know of unless like everyone's a Titan Yeah, everyone's me keeping this secret.  They got to find their homeland That's the beast Titan to help dude. He loves tossing horses Dude, I feel like he's a friendly guy on the inside. I'm calling it. They were on the towers.  Yeah In the same feeling of when she lost them like when he was fighting Andy probably. Oh Oh Who is this now? He's got he was covered in that spit Now he's like so gone that they don't even yeah. Oh, yeah, dude. They are far I feel like Mika says Loki just gonna take off and search of them oddly optimistic here Armin Armin's always the optimistic guy He's got to cheer him up. That's why they did the flashback honest has grown Dude, they are depressed. I don't know about this.  He's a little nicer now I mean he's actually out on the front lines now Surprisingly uplifting Honest the surprise MVP of the episode I mean, I don't think if Rainer and Berthold even want to hurt him. They just want him to like hang with them Kind of I don't know what they want yet. Oh No, his character circles come like all the way around.  That's actually true actually real That was really wholesome I'll take a chip And I'll eat it Even showed like That's happening right now Poppy Erwin don't ever go on that again. Is it only reserved for Levi? Yeah We got gotta get back to that loose end We don't even know if you mirrors gonna wake up from the coma Even though what they want. Yeah, that's what I was gonna say. I don't Nobody knows I said his name like when they first sells like mobile it Their base is just chill. Why is she And The beast Titan that's inside the wall now Yeah, dude, we don't know what happened to him what his plan is Yeah, right? He's just chilling Some sort of objective Susumu Oh Aaron waking up Looks younger, but where's his arms?  Oh She's good though. That's slowly. Yeah, dude. I want them to focus on this. Yeah They're time together. I Imagine like the next couple is just gonna be like Rainer explaining to Like there that'd be really cool. It looks like they're just chilling in the forest Well a quick little like filler type character development episode kind of I guess just to recuperate Yeah, just chill. So to recuperate after Aaron fighting Rainer and Bert Holt But I guess now we're gonna focus on these two loose ends Not sure but we're gonna revisit the whole his story a thing because I feel like that's like an underlying really big deal Especially since it was focused on with Yamir and now Yamir being in the picture having the Titan form to Aaron's arms Aaron's arm. Well, no, he'll regenerate them. I don't do that. I just it was just felt very uncomfortable I'm sitting there with them like bandage guys That's been it for the episode If you did enjoy it be sure to drop your like job a like on the video drop comments down below and where you find the episode uh, we'll leave a link down below and uh, we'll see you guys in the next one. Good face!


You know there's been a lot of speculation in the media that politicians like me are nothing but puppets for big political donors Well, let's clear that up right now Hi, I'm Michael Birch Entrepreneur tech mogul big political donor. You ready to make a donation Michael? I got it right here. Oh, you're the man Okay, let's do this. Alrighty I'm Gil Fulbide and as your next president I promise to work for all Americans Even the super rich handsome and smart people like Michael Birch He's not just a nice guy and good with animals He's a hero who deserves to hide his staggering aggregate wealth in shadow subsidiaries offshore So he doesn't have to pay taxes That it that's it. I feel empty Hi, it's on a skillful bright and this is what I like If you want to throw some money at me go to our Indiegogo page so we can make more of these videos. Thanks