What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here soon So my halloween ends in this video here again today going on into talking about of something that came out from viewer and on and sharing my thoughts on that and Also this theory that I'm seeing starting to be brought back up again about a bush crash and Laurie strolled causing the bus crash from Halloween 2018 and how that could factor into some of the things we have been led to I guess Assume we can expect going into halloween ends shout out to wolf man's got nards Uh, I've saw your video. So I'm just gonna do my thoughts on this really quick I do vividly recall a reddit user had talked about this many years ago And I actually leave a link to the post in the description because I was able to track it down In a fan theory where they were talking about that idea of Laurie strolled being the one who caused the bus to crash in the halloween 2018 movie now He the the user on reddit highlights that it stated several times at the beginning of the film that Michael was being moved from The asylum to a maximum security prison where he'd be put away forever When the reporters come to speak with Laurie she is already aware of the scheduled transfer as she's of course been keeping tabs on Michael for 40 years Everyone is probably screaming right now that new limits was obsessed with Michael and clearly had a hand in crashing the bus But I don't think so so they go on to talk about how we can see Laurie sitting in her truck downing nips Waiting for the bus to leave the scene ends with what clearly looks to be a hallucination of the shape approaching her Her vehicle that being and we then jump to the restaurant where Laurie shows up and is clearly drunk She appears to break down over embarrassing her family, but I believe this is actually guilt now That's interesting They think that what happened after that scene of her screaming in the truck or her vehicle Was that she didn't show up to that dinner with Allison Karen And Allison's dad I can't remember his name But she doesn't think that it had anything to do with Laurie being drunk because as much as that had to do with Laurie arriving with a lot of guilt written all over her face because of what she just caused when the bus crashing Um, so she knows that freeing Michael will eventually bring him to her, but he will kill people along the way So the next day Laurie is doing something in her kitchen with a tv playing in the background The news report lays out how the how the bus transported Michael crashed and the patients were found wandering They go on to talk about Laurie barely flinches at this information She should be freaking out and running to get her family to safety Instead she calmly goes to her daughter's house and then is asked to leave after scaring her and her husband Laurie is clearly ready for her showdown with Michael This is proven later when we see the full scale of her security system in her home Now I like how they're trying to back that up by how Laurie is essentially Someone you can consider being responsible for that bus because of how well prepared she was for this moment Now admittedly the traps and everything that is of course things that took years to be prepared for But keeping tabs on Michael like that as well And just going into the mentality of what you were dealing with for the past 40 years since your friends died and you survived in 1978 You've been in this mentality of convincing yourself that of course You can't be freed until the boogeyman is gone and can't harm you or anyone else that you love that you feel He could potentially pose a threat to if he's not put down So remember later to the bus crash. I know a lot of people thought well dr. Sartain was the one who did that I mean, I don't think he outwardly said that you can correct me down in the comment sections I don't think he outwardly said that As much as it is heavily implied by his motivations revealed and in the fact that in halloween kills We're doubling down on the fact that michael was not after lorry. It was an obsession of dr. Sartain And he was the one who orchestrated this When this meet-up of of victim versus of Person who kept victim held down or something like that. I can't think of what to call michael So when it pertains to that going into Considering what happened to karen with halloween kills Could lorry now be in a state in halloween ends where she is blaming herself for what happened to karen And this could be something that of course we find out in halloween ends Where over time we dive into lorry a little bit more learn what she's been dealing with ever since the events of 2018 And kills and she discloses this information to allison for whatever reason decides to disclose her. Hey, you know what? I'm the one responsible for why michael mires escaped on that night I thought I was killing him, but it actually ended up being something that was much more severe Or just to even back up what I was starting to talk about earlier She wasn't trying to kill him She purposely wanted that bush to crash so that michael could escape and that's exactly what happened now How all of those other things inside of the bus of course because that has to contribute to it as well How that would factor in I don't know I do just think that it is possible for them to of course pull that plug My stance on it though is that I would rather they don't I would rather they don't do that because again I think that's going to make lorry a little bit more of a uh You're trying to just I guess giving her some villain type of thing where she clearly is Insane at that moment where I'm trying to already sympathize with her, but I can't really then You're taken away from some of that sympathy when you are outwardly Looking for a battle with this man, but then again She actually does have a comment where she says she prayed that he would escape And I think at one point of she's asked by hawkins. Why the hell would you do that? And then she says so I can kill him so again Her causing the bus crash It's not something that's impossible or it's not something that wouldn't fully make sense As much as I do think that that direction Could lessen some of the sympathy certain audience members feel for lorry and this could of course add to some of the guilt She's experiencing during the movie because we know it seems like this movie is going to be very character driven They're going to be diving into things about lorry Hopefully what michael is up to of course what allison has been through what little lindsay wallis is up to How everybody's been impacted by what happened all those four years ago since michael's last appearance Now viewer non put out this tweet a couple of days ago yesterday or something like that He said while we're on the subject halloween ends has had has not had a public test screen yet Which I pointed out when I made my last video what I know of this script is interesting If it matches what they shot you can expect a very different kind of halloween A complete swerve from the scale and carnage of kills So at that point i'm expecting this movie to of course be something similar to the 1978 film Something that shows us michael stalking a lot more because I know people think that's missing from this trilogy michael stalking us getting to spend time with these characters before they ultimately meet their demise Whereas with halloween kills it is just simply rushing into it all because of the fact that it's picking up After the events of halloween 2018 2018 does a better job at letting you spend time with the characters Before all the carnage unfolds and I think Given the Not knowing what the runtime will be of course just yet They're gonna do that a lot more heavily with halloween ends where we actually get to see glimpses of michael in haddonfield But they don't know he's there. He's stalking them. We're gonna catch up with them. We're gonna learn what they're up to We're gonna have have Deaths occur throughout the day ultimately leading to carnage unfolding in halloween night People throughout the day will think that this means that michael mires is back But there's no proof of that because no one's seen him in town But we the audience have seen him. It's just that all the people he's stalking have not seen him I would love an approach like that to happen in halloween ends where it's more character driven And I think that's what we will get but let me know as you guys think about all this down in the comment section below If you haven't already of course make sure you subscribe turn on post notification near miss a video in the description I have links on my social media accounts on facebook twitter and instagram You can message me there of course to limit as any movies and user reviews You like me to cover in the future with all that in mind guys. I will see you in the next video


Hello everyone, welcome back to a new session on dentistry and more. Today's topic is amyloblastoma or adamantinoma. It is the most important topic in oral pathology that is coming under odendogenic tumors. So in odendogenic tumors we have seen AOT that is adenomatoid odendogenic tumor and the next one was C.E.O.T calcifying epithelial odendogenic tumor and the most important one is amyloblastoma. So all our odendogenic tumors is dental related tissues are the cause or the origin. It is originated from dental related tissues. Now let's move on to amyloblastoma or adamantinoma. From the name itself we get an idea about the tumor that is amyloblastoma. So amyloblastoma means venomeloblast so it is related to enamel and blastro means germ. So it is originating from enamel tissues that is why it got amyloblastoma. And another name is adamantinoma because it is adamantinoma another tumor which is seen in the longer bones. The histological similarity with that type of tumors with the amyloblastoma gave this name to amyloblastoma that is adamantinoma. So the histological similarities between the adamantinoma of longer bones. So it got two names amyloblastoma or adamantinoma. So Robinson defined this amyloblastoma as unicentric, non-functional, intermittent in growth, anatomically benign and clinically persistent. So it is a unicentric, non-functional, intermittent in growth, anatomically benign and clinically persistent tumor. So we can classify it under two headings. One is clinical classification another one is histological classification. In clinical classification the most common is central variant that is intra-ocious type. So in intra-ocious type we have two types that is the most common one that is multi-cystic variant that is conventional or multi-cystic or solid type tumors and the second one is unicistic that is in central or intra-ocious variant. The next one is extra-ocious or peripheral and another type is pituitary amyloblastoma and the last one is malignant amyloblastoma. This is clinical classification central peripheral pituitary malignant in central we have multi-cystic and unicistic and multi-cystic is the most common type. In histological type it is based on the histological appearance follicular plexiform acanthomatous granular basal cell and dysmoplastic. So it is follicular plexiform acanthomatous granular basal cell and dysmoplastic. Now let's see what are the etiological factors for amyloblastoma. The common etiologies are traumatic episodes. So the trauma happening to these structures and extraction, cystectomy and various type of fractures, infection and dietary deficiency especially vitamin D and lack of protein intake and viral infections. So all these could be etiological factors for amyloblastoma so it could be a trauma, extraction, cystectomy, fractures, infection, vitamin D, deficiency, lack of protein intake and viral infection. So in pathogenesis it is believed that it is derived either from cell rest of enamel organ, remnants of dental lamina, heart wicks sheath, epithelial rest of malasis. So all these could be the originating factor because it is originating from enamel tissues and also could be epithelium of odendogenic cyst. Most commonly the dentiture assist and odentoma and also it could be from basal cell of surface epithelium of jaw and it could be due to the disturbance of developing enamel organ and also from heterotopic epithelium of pituitary gland. So that is about pathogenesis. So we discussed the classification that is clinical and histological type, etiology and pathogenesis. So the clinical features include that most commonly seen between 20 to 50 years of age group and there is no gender predilection it is both the genders are equally affected. There is no predilection for a particular gender but the black race people are more affected than the white race and the mandible is almost affected by 80 percentage cases than maxilla only 20 percentage are restricted to maxilla and mandibular molars areas are more prone for ameloblastoma compared to the anterior or premolar areas. While moving on to the science and symptoms it is a slow growing painless, hard and non-tender avoid swelling it is a very slowly growing painless, hard non-tender avoid swelling which enlarges in size as it causes little discomfort in early stage. So at the early stage it is very asymptomatic it does not cause any pain so any other symptoms so it slowly slow rate enlarges to become a avoid swelling and large mass. So facial asymmetry will be a problem there will be mobility of teeth and exfoliation and the dentures will be ill-fitting because of this enlarged size of the maxilla or the mandible and pain or parasitia if any nerve is impinged we have various nerves in these areas we have inferior alveolar nerve we have mandibular nerve we have facial nerve so parasitia will be there affected there will be parasitia pain and there will be inability to occlude and there will be ulcerations. So it is a slowly growing painless mass because there will be very little discomfort in the early stages so it continuously grows unless it shows any very clinical evidence symptoms. In absence of treatment if it is left untreated what happens it will become extremely disfiguring fungating and ulcerative mass with axial cracking and fluctuation so it keep on increasing if it is not treated so there will be disfiguring and fungating and it will become very ulcerative and there will be axial cracking and there will be fluctuation. So the palpitation elicit heart sensation on and her crepitus also will be there. So crepitus or heart sensation on palpitation also will be seen if it is not treated. So it is not an encapsulated tumor and it invades the surrounding tissue and the bone destruction as a very common feature in amylablastoma also root resorption because it is continuously growing and it invades the surrounding tissues surrounding bones will be destroyed the root resorption will be there. So what happens if it is in case of maxilla so it is commonly affecting tuberosity it causes nasal obstruction proptosis of eye damage to the vital structure and it involves cranial base so there will be gross facial distortion if it is in the maxilla maxillary bone. So amyloblastoma is nothing but amyloblastoma from a dentigerus cyst. So the histological features it has tall columnar cell hyperchromatic nucleus palisade nucleus reverse polarity of nuclei and sub-nuclear vesicle formation. So this is histological features. So amyloblastoma it is a lengthier topic. So we have seen the basic features and clinical features science and symptoms what happens if it is not treated and in case of maxilla and about histology parts. Now we have various histological types of amyloblastoma. Now let us see the histological classification of amyloblastoma. So in histological type so it is divided into 6 types follicular plexiform acanthameters granular basal cell and decimal plastic. So it is based on the histological picture or histological detailing of amyloblastoma. So we had seen based on the clinical features also. So now let us see one by one. So in follicular pattern it is all explaining the histological pictures. So it is not very easy to draw and explain it. Anyway let me explain it without picture. So when you are writing for exam always keep pictures for any syndrome the histological explaining requires pictures. So let us see the details. Follicular type the small discreet islands of tumour cells with peripheral cuboidal or columna cells. Nuclear will be polarized and it resembles a amyloblast. Amyloblast we know the enamel forming cells and cyst formation is relatively common. Great reticulum like cells prominently enclosed by columnar or cuboidal cells. So it has nuclei polarized with peripheral columna cells and the cyst formation is common in follicular type of amyloblastoma. The second one is plexiform. The cells that is amyloblast like cells arranged in irregular masses. So here we have small discreet islands of tumour cells here it is irregular masses and network of interconnecting strands of cells and each strand is bounded by a columnar cell. The columnar cell is common in all type of amyloblastoma. So between this teletreticulum we have less prominent tissues compared to the follicular amyloblastoma. So the teletreticulum like tissues is less prominent and here it is more prominent whereas plexiform it is less prominent and areas of cystic degeneration is also common. A canthamata type the cells occupying the position of teletreticulum undergo squamous metaplasia. So teletreticulum like cells are present all the types. So acanthomatous it is the name itself saying acanthomatous we know what is acantholysis we have seen in Pemphigus. So acanthomatous is a cell to cell adhesion. So here we are getting a squamous metaplasia and keratin formation or keratin pulse is seen. Whereas granular cells it is marked transformation of teletreticula cells it becomes a coarse granular esophilic appearance type with peripheral columnar and also hyperchromatism and also reverse polarity is also seen. The basal cell type is why it is known as basal cell type basal cell amyloblastoma because it resembles basal cell carcinoma of skin that is BCC and it is the rarest form of amyloblastoma that is histological type and we can see hyperchromatic less columnar which is arranged in sheets without peripheral palisading nature. So that is about basal cell. The desmo plastic is we have dense collagen stroma which is hypocellular and hyalinized which is grow in thin strands and cords of epithelium which proliferation seems to be compressed and fragmented by hyalinized stroma. So in desmo plastic we have a collagen stroma which is hypocellular and hyalinized and this proliferation compress and fragments the hyalinized stroma. So this proliferation will compress and it make the stroma fragmented appearance in desmo plastic. So it is more of a content in amyloblastoma if it is asked for every longer question that is 14 mile question you can build up the content by writing this histological type that is follicular plexiform acanthomatous granular basal cell and desmo plastic. So every type you need to have a key point. So follicular type it is like nuclei is polarized and it resembles amyloblast plexiform. It is less prominent follicular amyloblast that is stellate reticulum type tissues less prominent here. In acanthomatous there is squamous metaplasia in granular cells this stellate reticulum becomes coarse granule granular isonophilic appearance in basal cell it looks like basal cell casinoma desmo plastic this compression and fragmentation of hyalinized stroma will be there. So most of the features are same for all but it differs that is why it got this name. So from the name itself we get an idea how it differs. So that is about histology type of amyloblastoma. The next variety is unicistic amyloblastoma. This we had seen in clinical classification where we had multisistic that is very common unicistic is not very common type. So unicistic amyloblastoma which is nothing but a single cystic cavity unlike the multisistic amyloblastoma it is seen in very younger group that is around 20 years and the gender prediction is same as multisistic. The male and female has equal chances of getting this unicistic and it is most commonly seen in 90 percentage of in mandible and that also in posterior part. And it is typically surrounds the crown of unearrupted third molar. So third molar associated amyloblastoma is unicistic one and it has basically three types that is luminal, intraluminal and murals. So luminal is nothing but the tumor is confined to the luminal surface of the cyst by fibrous connective tissue partially or totally. So this is luminal type it is confined to the luminal surface of the cyst by fibrous connective tissue. Intraluminal the tumor nodules projects from the cystic lining the tumor nodules projects from cystic lining and the mural one is the tumor infiltrates the fibrous cystic wall. So these are the three types of unicistic amyloblastoma in mural type the tumor infiltrates the fibrous cystic wall and coming to the radiographic features. So radiographic features unilocular or multi-locular radiolucency can be seen and there is a striking radiographic appearance in unicistic amyloblastoma that is honeycomb or soap bubble appearance. So honeycomb or soap bubble appearance. So it will be like compartments, compartments, soap bubble we know how soap bubble appears all will be clubbed together a bunch of soap bubbles. So the multi-locular radiolucency with compartmentalized appearance due to the bony septa. So there will be radiolucency a big radiolucency but there will be compartmentalization due to the bone septum in between. So it gives a honeycomb appearance or a soap bubble appearance that is a characteristic radiographic feature of unicistic amyloblastoma. Now we have investigation that is mostly the radiographs will be taken and we can go for biopsy and also CT MRI or ultrasound. So apart from unicistic amyloblastoma we have malignant amyloblastoma, pituitary amyloblastoma and peripheral amyloblastoma which are not very much important. So peripheral amyloblastoma is like very rare type which develops in soft tissues of ginger and mucosa and it is non-invasive whereas pituitary amyloblastoma is like it is also known as ratkis pouch tumor which involves neoplasma of CNS whereas malignant amyloblastoma it is a malignant transformation of normal amyloblastoma which is a very very rare relation. So those are the three types which we have seen in classification malignant pituitary and peripheral amyloblastoma. Now how do we go with the treatment? So what are the treatment options? We have many treatment options that is radical and conservative surgical excision, in-block resection, segmental resection, cure-attach, chemical and electrocorty, chemotherapy and radiation. So simple excision or nucleation is also there. So if we have the peripheral amyloblastoma we can do a simple excision. Enucleation or cure-attach is in peripheral amyloblastoma it is a removal of tumor by scraping it from the surrounding normal tissue. So that is enucleation or cure-attach. End-block resection is removal of tumor with a rim of uninvolved bone but maintaining the continuity of jaw. So in end-block resection we are removing a rim of uninvolved bone but we will continue or maintain the jaw, it will not be completely or it will not be segmented. Next one is segmental resection. It is removal of a segment of maxilla or mandible up to the including hemi-section or more. So end-block resection it will not be segmented only a part of normal bone will be removed. In segmental resection the segment of maxilla or mandible it may include hemi-maxillectomy or hemi-mantiblectomy and this is most commonly used treatment because it has very less chance of recurrence, segmental resections. So it is noted that the lesion most likely to recur after segmental resection are those over 5 cm. So more than 5 cm will have a chance of recurrence even after the segmental resection. So chemotherapy we know, we do chemotherapy using platinum agents, we can use cyclophosphamide cisplatin, windblastin and electrocortree is another method and we have also radiation therapy. So we finished ameloblastoma it was a very lengthy session because it has various classification based on clinical nature and the histological type then we had seen the pathogenesis, the clinical features, the radiative features and the histological type, unisistic and it is detailed and various treatment options, investigation. So ameloblastoma is an odendogenic tumor and one of the most common odendogenic tumor it is along with C.E.O.T. and A.O.T. calcifying epithelial or pinboc tumor and adenomatoid odendogenic tumor ameloblastoma. So these are very commonly asked question C.E.O.T., A.O.T. and ameloblastoma. So I will come up with a new session on dentistry and more, thank you.


I'd like to start by asking you all to take a deep breath. Go on, humor me. Inhale all the way. Now exhale. You just exercised my favorite organ, the lungs. You contracted your diaphragm, which increased the volume of your chest cavity. It decreased the pressure within and allowed up to three liters of air to enter, depending on how deep of a breath you took. Now, the lung is my favorite organ, both because it's beautiful, as well as an amazing feat of engineering. The human lung contains 8 million tubes that deliver oxygen to a gas exchange surface, approximately 100 square meters in area, or about the size of a tennis court. That surface is less than the thickness of a sheet of paper, and the entire organ has to function immediately after you're born. One third of all babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit arrive there because of breathing problems. And in adults, by the year 2030, it's projected that chronic lung disorders will be the third leading cause of death worldwide. Now, despite the fact that the human lung is my favorite organ, it's not the most efficient gas exchanger. That distinction belongs to the birds. There is an amazing diversity of lung structures that have evolved to enable the breathing of air, and all of them are comprised of space-filling branching trees. My lab has been inspired by this evolutionary diversity to start to try to uncover new ways to engineer lungs, to serve as replacements for those diseases I mentioned. And what we're doing is combining techniques from biology, computational sciences, and engineering to uncover how lungs build themselves in reptiles, birds, and mammals. When we entered this field 10 years ago, it was thought that all branched organs build themselves the same way, whether it's a human kidney, a mouse lung, or a fruit fly trachea. So we decided to take a step back and just watch how lungs build themselves. And what we've figured out, what we've learned, is that just as there is an incredible diversity of structures, there's also a huge diversity of mechanisms that have evolved to build them. The bird lung begins as a simple tube that splits in half to form two primary bronchi, one for the left lung and one for the right lung. New branches form in the bird lung because the cells within those tubes undergo a change in shape. They turn from being rectangular in geometry to trapezoidal in geometry when one side pinches its surface. And that change in shape is sufficient to generate a force to bend the tissue and form a branch. In the mouse, the lung also begins as a simple tube. But in this case, those 8 million branches that form do so by bifurcating branching, where the tip of a parent branch splits in half to form two daughter branches. Using time-lapse imaging, we've found that the cells that line the airways do not undergo a change in shape in mice. Instead, we've uncovered an important role for smooth muscle. At the same time as the airways are bending and branching to form the tubes, airway smooth muscle wraps circumferentially around them, from the trachea to the terminal ends. Using time-lapse imaging of fluorescent reporter animals, we've found that that airway smooth muscle cinches the epithelium, the airway, into a branched structure, much like a corset or a girdle. And so plays an instructive role in the formation of the branches. So we found, looking at these two different species, two different ways in which simple tissues form branch structures. In the bird, the cells actively change shape to form a branch, whereas in the mouse, smooth muscle sculpts the surrounding tissue. What we're excited to do now is to combine these two separate mechanisms from two separate species in the lab to build entirely new organs. What this will require us to do, obviously, is to be able to change cell shape and cause smooth muscle contraction at will, which could be realized with advances in optogenetics and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. We're also incredibly excited to start to uncover the rich and vast diversity of mechanisms that have evolved to build lungs across the animal kingdom, specifically by examining how lungs are sculpted in reptiles, including the American alligator and the green anole lizard. And our hope is that by doing so, we'll increase the depth of the toolbox that we have available to us to engineer tissues, so that now by combining approaches from different species, we'll be able to engineer more efficient lungs so that future generations can breathe more easily. Thank you.


to the big two of Mesoscon Asia to see a good crowd. It's the first term Mesoscon in Asia as you guys know. So it's awesome that that's a huge turnout. I'm hoping it's going to be a big in the next few years. Or as Trump would say, it's going to be huge. So let's hope so. So a little bit about us. Myself, I'm Vinod Kone and this is GU. Both of us have been long-term Mesoscommiters, as you can see. And coincidentally, we also have very similar trajectory in our professional life with our PhDs, then went to Twitter and then kept Mesos here. So I wanted to start this talk off with the history of how we did containers up to this point in Mesos. As you guys probably know, since Mesoscon, Mesos has been around for a while. And we had some form of support for containers for a very long time. In fact, as far back as 0.10, we had rudimentary C-group support for CPU and memory. We were able to isolate tasks and executors. And then we added pluggable isolation, which was a pretty big deal. The Mesos architecture so that you can add your own organization-specific isolation techniques. And then we added support to Docker containers when Docker became a big thing in the DevOps community. First, we dedicated most of the stuff to Docker daemon, and then we added support to run Docker images without the Docker daemon. And continuing with that innovation, what we are talking about today is a new type of containerization that we are doing in Mesos with called nested containers. And most of you guys probably know it from communities as a pod. Always it's a lot more generic than that, and we'll go into details of that. So before going too deep, I want to take a step back and kind of set the context of how things work in Mesos. So if you're familiar with the Mesos architecture, a typical Mesos cluster looks like this.  And then most of the rest of your cluster run these processes called agents. Mesos agents in your cluster. And the agents connect to the master, and master gives offers to these components called schedulers. And schedulers are these components that schedule some work on the nodes, whether it's a thread, whether it's a process, whether it's a container, it's up to the scheduler. So what happens when a scheduler tries to schedule some work onto a node? So I can let you zoom into the agent node to see what are the components that run and what are the primitives we have here. So Mesos always had these primitives of executors and tasks. So the way a scheduler schedules work is it sends this thing called a task, which is typically associated with an executor. And the executor is that the executor runs the task as it sees fit. And it's a contact between the executor and the scheduler and how to run a task. And the executor was always able to run multiple tasks. And an agent, of course, could run multiple executors. But the key thing to note here is that executors typically run one each to one with respect to containers. So each executor and all of its tasks were running inside one single container. So what's the issue with it? Or what are the limitations in this kind of model? The first limitation is that it's kind of hard to manage a group of tasks as one single unit. So even though you can send multiple tasks to the executor, it's not very easy to give all or nothing semantics. And the other limitation is that since executor and container are one each to one, you could only have one image for the whole executor and the task group. So if you wanted to have different tasks belonging to different Docker containers, for example, that's not possible to do. And also because all the tasks are running within the same container, they all share the same C group, which meant that you could not do isolation between the tasks within an executor.  And these kind of limitations or something that we are beginning to see that it's not helping some of the use cases that we wanted to solve. So we wanted to come up with a new primitive that doesn't have these limitations or that can address these limitations. And this new primitive is a mess of part, if you will. So the idea is very simple. We wanted to have a primitive that lets us manage the code schedule and code manage a set of group of containers as a single atomic unit. And then we wanted these containers or tasks to be able to share some resources like network or some volume so that it's easy to coordinate work between them. But at the same time, we want them to not share some sort of resources like their images, for example. We probably want some tasks to use different image than their tasks in the same executor. And more importantly, and this is where this is more generic than a Kubernetes part, is that we want this group of containers to be dynamically updateable. So either it's growing and shrinking the part or adding containers to the part, we wanted to be able to do this stuff in a mess of part. And also we wanted to do hierarchical isolation, which means it's not just two levels like a Kubernetes part where there is a part and all the containers at one level, but we wanted to do arbitrary levels of nesting. And so what do we get? What are the use cases that we can actually solve by having this kind of primitive? So let's look at a few use cases that are really important in today's world. The first use case is a sidecar pattern that you might have seen in microservices architecture. And the idea here is simple. You have a main container, let's say Memcache D, and you want a sidecar container which can extend the functionality of the main container. Right, so for example, you could have a log-saver container that's getting logs from Memcache D and trying to shuffle it to some remote location. The nice thing is that this log-saver container could be reused for lots of different main applications, whether it's Memcache, or Redis, or your web app, or whatever. And they might be managed by different teams. And that's a great thing about this pattern of using sidecars. And the other use case that we wanted to address was this notion of a transient container. This is for the use case where you do not know upfront all the containers that you want to launch in your pod. So you probably want to launch the backup container for your Cassandra sometime later on a Chrome schedule or maybe it's user defined. Like user clicks a button and you want to go into a backup. But you still want the backup to be some of the same main spaces as the Cassandra container so that it's easy to communicate and get data out. Right? In the last use case that we wanted to also address is running something like Kubernetes and making it really easy to run in Meso's Kubernetes or Jenkins. So for a kubelet to run as a Meso's task, since kubelet runs its pods in a level that's below it in terms of C groups, for this to really work nicely in a Meso's ecosystem, you want to have a history levels of nesting. So we wanted to be able to also solve this use case. So what are the primitives that we came up with? So there are two essential primitives that we have designed for 1.1. These are called task groups and nested containers. So I'm gonna briefly talk about task group and then I'll let G talk about nested containerization in detail. So the first primitive that we introduced is called task group and this is simply a collection of tasks. The main idea here is that this task group is automatically delivered to the executor.  And for this we added a new offer operation called launch group, much like we had launched before to launch a task, now we have a launch group. And similar thing on the executor side, we have a launch group event that executors can use to get this group of tasks and run them as containers. So next up, I'll give it to G to talk about nested containers. 大家好,我就用中文讲了 然后另外用比较讲到 我们加了两个primitive 然后一个是 task group 一个是 nested container 然后我中中讲一下 nested container, primitive.  No So let's start In the hallway For any questions Cool Thanks guys


The health sector in Nigeria gets highest allocation ever in 2023 budget but fails to meet commitment. Enemies lament as Nigeria loses over 9,000 doctors in two years. Tonight, in continuation of our Town Hall series and a countdown to the 2023 elections, we assess the leadership of Nigeria and the failing health system. This is Plus Politics, I am Mary Anacoff. For the first time in the history of health funding in Nigeria, over a trillion Naira has been allocated to the sector in the proposed 2023 budget. An analysis of the proposed budget presented by President Mohammad Bukhari last week shows that 1.17 trillion Naira was allocated to the health sector out of the total of 20.5 trillion Naira for the 2023 fiscal year. However, there is still some source of failure in the system. The President of the Nigerian Medical Association Uche-Roland had said that only one doctor is available to treat 30,000 patients in some southern states, while in the north it is one doctor to 45,000 patients. In some rural areas, patients have to travel more than 30 km from their boards to the medical attention where available, and this is making access to healthcare a rarity. Also, Nigeria has lost over 9,000 medical doctors to the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States of America between 2020 and 2022, leaving the sector largely unattended to. And that's why we're having tonight's conversation. Joining us to discuss this is Dr. Alera Roberts. She's the Vice-Chair Association of Public Health Physicians Lagos Chapter, and also joining us live in the studio is Dr. Ibitro Kemi Korubohi. He is the past Chairman of the Enemy in Rivers States. Thank you so much, Dr. Korubohi, for joining us. It's amazing to have you here. Yeah, it's good to see you. It's good to see you. Happy holidays. Great. As much as this is a lot to unpack, we're going to start from the fact that the 2023 budget looks a bit hopeful for the health sector. But one would wonder, for a country like Nigeria where we have so many problems, epidemics of all sorts, why have we not prioritized healthcare as much as we should? Well, you know, first and foremost, let's remember that there is something called the Abuja Declaration. Abuja is, as in the FCT, where 15% of your budget allocation should be for health, and that makes a lot of sense. And so far, the budget allocations for health in our country has, you know, range from 3% to 6.5% to 7%. So this is a big one. But again, when you look at the percentage, it still sorts a bit shy from the 15%. The other aspect to remember is, in last year's budget, how much was actually, you know, released allocating funds to a particular sector and actually releasing them and then having the impact to expect these are different things. So we are hopeful, we are slightly excited, but you know, the past is there to teach us. And what we've noticed in the past is that the figures that are put on pen and paper and the actual figures that get out there are not the same. Over time, Nigerians have grown, you know, amidst the underfunding of the health sector. And many people have said that they can't even afford, you know, Medicare in the country. And of course, we also know that there's been a downturn in the economy. People can't even afford a meal. Hence, I mean, let's alone talking about whether it's square or round. And it all again goes back to leadership. And that's why we're attaching it to this conversation. In the order of priority yesterday, we talked about the education and people, some people would say the educators would say prioritize education. But then Medicare is very important. We've seen our leaders and many politicians travel outside of the country, boosting the tourism, health tourism of other countries, yet ours is in shambles. Some people would say that even the doctors in the system are part of the problem. How true is that? Well, first of all, let me say that I think the COVID experience has reminded us all of how important health is. If you remember during the COVID, there were no football matches. There were no travels. There were no cinemas. There were no lectures. Everything, you know, came to a halt. And that shows you the importance of health. So the COVID showed us that if people do not prioritize their health, then nothing works. So I think the COVID has taught us the lesson. So I think the jury is out on that one. The fact is that health is wealth. The most important aspect of human day-to-day living is health. It may also shock you to know that most of the developments we have today, the houses, the water system, everything was initially geared towards health before entertainment and all that kicked in. For the aspect of doctors being the problem, I don't think so. And of course, I'm biased. I'm a medical doctor. The first thing we must remember here is that our doctors do very well outside the country. There is a big drive for our doctors outside Nigeria. I guess the question is why? That's the point. So we train our doctors better here. Our doctors are focused and resilient. And indeed, not just the doctors. I must say this. I'm sorry to cause it. Do we really train our doctors better? I ask because I'm looking at universities that are strike and the facilities that are in these departments. I'll speak from my department. I graduated from a department that did not have a sound lab. I didn't see what it looked like, but I was opportune to work in a media house. So I understood the process. But what about those who graduated with that? Well, same can be said for medical departments in some universities. First of all, I guess I'm lucky because I'm a trainer. I'm a lecturer. So I train doctors. I've been training doctors for many years now. And yes, our facilities are poor. We are underfunded or poorly motivated. But when we compare to countries like the American School in Barbados and a few other countries that actually send our students and other students to come in here for clinical attachment, when we compare them, our students are better. Now, remember recently, we had this issue with the exams with the Medical and Dental Council where foreign trained doctors had to write exams and they didn't pass. So the point here is despite our limitations, our doctors are well trained. Now, and we need not just the doctors. And it's important to put this out there. We need the nurses. We need the lab guys. We need pharmacists. We need everybody in the health sector to be well trained and motivated for us to give our people quality health. Remember that the goal of quality health is that somebody should be able to walk down to a primary healthcare center from his house. When I was a kid, for every few kilometers, you'd find a health center. Exactly. I always ask, what's ever happened to those health centers? So, you know, the thing here is the current leadership at all sectors. So this starts from the local government, state government, and indeed the presidency, they don't seem to be in touch with the health realities of the day. You see, first and foremost, you brought out a budget right. What are the driving factors that influenced how much you spend on, say, capital in the health sector, manpower development? Do you have a needs assessment on the table?  So let's say that these budgets, the aim of this budget is to be able to improve manpower, improve the health indices for the next two, three, four years. But you and I know that that's not possible because this money is huge, but huge money can be thrown down the toilet. You need to have done a needs assessment. What are the basic needs in the health sector? Can the government actually come out and say, we have a document saying that this is the shortfall of medical doctors, shortfall of nurses. This is the laboratory shortfall. I don't think so, and again, I'm speaking personally here, but I'm part of the system.  The consultant implies that I'm a specialist doctor. I'm a trainer of doctors. So I can tell you that a needs assessment probably wasn't done. I can also say that if you have all the money in the world and you don't direct it to where it is needed, then we're in trouble. And we should have clear set goals. If remember, right now, China has opened itself to the world from January. China has been battling with COVID. Nobody knows the true figures of COVID in China. What that tells you and I is that despite the fact that we've successfully managed COVID here, with the Chinese border open, will COVID not come? That's how we ought to think. And what are our preparations and planning towards, you know, if there be another wave, I'm wondering if this might be the ninth wave. Yes, and remember here that what COVID did was it tested the health systems. It tested our reserves. I mean, at a point we didn't have oxygen, you know? So the issue here is have lessons been learned from the COVID. Have we understood that in order to provide health, we need all players in the health sector. And remember that as shocking as it seems, you know the most important person on the health team is the patient, the community. So everything we do, we need to go back to the community and make sure that we have them participating in what we are doing. I personally think this is lacking. And you know, to throw this out there, I would say that every single politician or public office holder from our counselors to our local government chairman, governors and the president, nobody should go abroad for healthcare. Nobody should go. If you decide to occupy the highest office in the land, managing our commonwealth, then please come to our hospitals. I'm going to come to that part because that's an aspect that I'm very, very passionate about. But let's backtrack a bit. In terms of, you know, the COVID and if we've learned lessons, I remember I talked to somebody from the NCDC and he talked about the fact that now we have these laboratories readily around us and that that's something that we can say was a plus from COVID where you can easily go to a lab anywhere. And you know, that we didn't have those places where we could do testing centers as readily available as you know, we have them now. But aside from that, it looks like we haven't really learned anything. And then when we talk about primary healthcare, it falls on the lap of the average councilor or local government chairman. But then in states, we're always very quick to point fingers to governors, meaning that there's not enough information out there about how this primary healthcare works and who has what responsibility. So again, if we must channel calling on communities to get involved, if we must channel our anger or our problems or our complaints to the government, then it has to be local government. Where are they? Well, you're spot on. I think the first thing for me is that I don't think we've learned lessons from the COVID. I don't think that the fact that we have labs that I wonder if they're still functioning till now is enough. COVID showed us that we need supply chains. COVID showed us that our borders, the world is a small place now, and we need to put our ears on the ground that once you have an epidemic next door, we should be prepared. So these lessons haven't been learned. COVID showed us that budgetary allocations for health should be, you know, focused. These lessons haven't been learned. How many oxygen centers, plants have been built across the country? That's when you tell me you've learned a lesson. So we haven't learned call lessons in COVID. For the aspect of primary health care, you know, theoretically, there are three tiers of government. So you have primary, you know, local government, state government, and federal. Now, the federal government has tried several times to provide autonomy to the local government.  Well, now it's time to go directly to them. Yeah, but till now, remember that recently the local government workers where they had some demonstration. The state assemblies are yet to sit and come up with a position concerning local government autonomy. So what happens in most states is that the local government chairmen are just, you know, I'm looking for a very respectful word here, but they are nicely kitted, well-driven public servants that really do nothing. How many local government chairmen live in their communities?  How many local government chairmen's children go to the community secondary school? These are things that we should ask. So most state governments dip their hands into the finances of the local government. And so the local government chairmen are powerless. Most of them were appointed by, in quotes, by the government. And guess what? Most of them can be removed from the House of Assembly. Why? If I was appointed by the people, the councilor should be who can remove me. So our democracy is still, you know, a job in progress, but every now and then we need to stop and fix things. Local government in Nigeria does not exist, and that is why primary health care does not exist. If we wanted to exist, simple steps. The local government chairmen should relocate today to the local government headquarters. He should go and register in the primary health care and get a card. His children should go to the school there. If we achieve this, development will come. But as impressive as this sounds, we have laws that we hardly ever really test. And who's to say that there's anything that's binding that would make a local government chairmen want to leave where he's, you know, in charge or put his children in public school? Again, we spoke about education yesterday and the same questions were raised. How many of these people go to public schools? But then what is the state of those public schools? Well, see, that's the point here. If the local government chairman, if I'm campaigning to be local government chairman and I know that, gosh, when I come into office, my children will need to go to these schools. I would make a promise to fix the schools and I will immediately start fixing the schools. If I know that I need to live in the community, I think a lot of my thinking will be community-based. So I think that's the key message here. Now, what law are thumbprint, the ballot box? We should get commitment from our aspirants. You know, we should sit them down and hold proper town hall meetings, which is easily achievable at the local government level and say, you know what? You're going to commit.  And if we get those, because you see, the honest truth is that if you're not in public office and you earn your money, you have a right to go to the best hospitals in the world. Your children have a right to go to the best private schools. But once we know that it is the common world, you must pay a price. And you know the funny thing here? Imagine a situation where all political office holders must use public hospitals, must use the public schools. What will happen is that fewer people will run for office. Most people will look at it and say, man, I don't think I can use this thing or I can live here. And they will have no choice. So we will now get only those that are willing to serve. Right now in my community, am I willing to live in the local government headquarters? The answer is no. So I will not run for office there. And this is the kind of thinking that we should have. Well, we're being joined by Dr. Roberts. Dr. Roberts, it's so good to have you, Dr. Alara. It's, I know that you've been listening while you're waiting, but let's talk about the state of the public hospitals, especially Lagos, where you reside and you work. The last time I had a conversation with you, you said something that has stuck with me that it's difficult to get a cannula half the time to treat a patient even in the emergency ward. Dr. Roberts, can you hear me? Can you hear me? I think that we have a connection problem with her, but let me pose that question to you. The true state of our public hospitals, I remember when I had a sick parent and we had to buy literally everything down to the gloves and scissors. And then I wondered, what were we paying for? But that was my experience. And I've seen several other experiences. How did it get this bad? Well, again, you know, I think that over time, the public hospitals have been neglected. And you remember that one of the problems in Nigeria is that we tend to get square pegs and create triangular holes and then take a hammer and force them in. So you have a situation where many of the people involved in the management of these public hospitals do not have the experience to manage them. How do you mean? Well, you know, for example... Because I'm trying to understand how I put a chief executive in a hospital and you're telling me that they don't know their job. How do they get the job? You see, see, that you should head a hospital and that the medical doctor is the best person to head that hospital makes sense because you have an idea of every other thing. And we have studies in the U.S., for example, and in the U.K. that showed that hospitals run by physicians did well. But these were not regular physicians.  I mean, for God's sake, if you want to equip a maternity now, yes, a gynaecologist would help you. But a midwife would also bring in some fantastic ideas. And you need to sit with everybody in the team and say, you know what? This is the goal we want. Cheap in your idea, cheap in your idea. And everybody works for a purpose. So I think the first thing is to create an atmosphere where all health workers feel carried along with the medical doctor. They don't feel bullied. They don't feel neglected. They feel inspired. You know, that's the first step. Secondly, it would be nice to have doctors that had these hospitals that have had some experience in private care. They've run something. They've managed something. So they know what to do and how to do. So if I get you correctly, you're saying half the time these EDs are not necessarily fit for the job. Well, I think for me that the only way I can tell if the teacher and the student have done well is the report card. Remember that the report card is not a reflection of the student. That's old, old education. Modern day education, which we call formative education. Like I said, I'm a teacher. I'm a lecturer. You know, and I have degrees in education also. Nowadays, a pass or fail is a summative assessment and it assesses both the student and the teacher. So if you want to assess how well the EDs have done, what are the outcomes? And remember that these outcomes are not only outcomes of patients. Other workers in the hospital, how well do they feel? How well are they doing? You must be able to look holistically into the healthcare system. And you need people that are experienced that understand what it takes. And again, if I should add here, we need oversight functions. Every government hospital has a management board. The management board chairman doesn't necessarily have to be a doctor. It could even be you. And that board must have oversight functions to say this hospital, how is it being managed? Absolutely because this is what we see, you know, in other climes. Dr. Lara Roberts, let's try again if we can hear you. Can you hear me loud and clear? Yes, I can. Perfect. Perfect. So I'll pose the question again. What is the state of public hospitals here in Lagos? For states that, you know, many would say, you know, is doing something better maybe than other states. You told me, like I said, the last time we had a conversation about how bad the situation in the emergency rooms are, I want to tie it to something that happened on Christmas Day. The lady who was shot by a policeman in Ajah area on Christmas Day was taken to at least two hospitals who turned her back. Is this also not a poor reflection on our healthcare system? Again, knowing that gunshot victims should be treated without any questions. Thank you very much for having me. And I'm so sorry that I couldn't join earlier or joined by Zoom. But a little bit I heard about what Dr. Combo was saying. I totally, I know he's totally speaking our mind, the mind of pretty much all healthcare workers. So if you were to bring it down to the case of that young lady and trust me, my heart bleeds because I have a daughter who seven months ago was seven months pregnant with a toddler and who takes that same journey because she lives in the area. And so I'm sitting here thinking I could be the mother of that young lady. You know, and it's so personal. Now you have to also understand the reality of the situation we face. No hospital can handle a gunshot injury of a pregnant woman except that that hospital is operating at tertiary care level. You know, it's not just a matter of legislating that gunshot wounds was treated. Treated with what? Do they have trauma surgeons? Do they have a blood band? Do they have everything that it takes? And instead of wasting time it is best to refer her as fast as possible to a higher level facility. The problem is where are the higher level facilities? What is the journey time in between? By the time they get there do they have an emergency response team on ground? So these are all things you see you can't just expect a system to work for you where we are not invested in that system. Interesting. Let's talk about the statistics that we have on ground. There's a report that says that the Bahá'í government has failed largely in the healthcare sector that it has forced over 6,000 pharmacists, 8,000 doctors to relocate abroad. And this is the question. Like Dr. Korobah was saying that we're very well trained and when we go abroad we do very well. If we have these many good doctors and other countries are coming for us why are our governments well I'm not just talking about the Bahá'í administration because this has gone on for a long time. Not prioritizing these medical practitioners. I hear that resident doctors in RBS states have been on strike for one year. I'm imagining what the health system in RBS states would be like right now because I'm sure that resident doctors are very important in this scheme of things. Resident doctors are really the bulwark of the health system in terms of delivering services and having doctors on ground 24 hours. It gives me vicarious pleasure that Dr. Korobah will agree with me on this where teachers in the medical sector where medical educators that we are actually educating our students to a level where honestly last year, the year of 2020 just before the COVID we had students in 500 level MBBS who are passing the qualifying exams for the UK without having done their final medicine exam. That is the quality of healthcare workers who are turning out. But you see like I said and I've said this in so many places the health system is beyond just the doctors and nurses. It's beyond just a particular administration or a particular party. It is something you invest in and you build over decades. It's having the entire system that is properly set up, that is properly equipped, that is properly staffed, that is properly remunerated and it's properly supported. It is about good leadership. It is about government. So that statement that you made that you said resonated with you that I said I guess it's an emergency and I can't even find stuff to insert an ID line without giving patients relatives a shopping list to go to the nearest chemist shop and buy stuff. The point is that when you're looking at the logistics and the procurement processes to make sure that all those things are in place you need to be able to even block off the leakages the wastages, the theft and the corruption. You need to block off the over invoicing.  There are so many things that go into it that is beyond just the doctors and nurses and we don't train to be looking after those things. That's not where our focus is. Our focus is service delivery at the point of treatment. So these are things that yes, you are right. It's not just this Boarica administration we're talking about. We're talking about decades of underfunding the healthcare system and we started with the military era. I have no fear of people saying that. Okay. Let's talk about while I was talking with Dr. Korobo he talks about leadership and the seriousness in dealing with the issue maybe at some point all of them deciding to if they want to run for an office they make sure that they all decide to go to hospitals within the country and not travel out but then of course it looks like it would be easier for a camel to go through the needle's eye. But we do have a minister of health who's also a doctor who obviously is a medical practitioner who should be the one speaking on the behalf of the health sector but then we see a lot of politicization of the matter or the issues around the sector and I'm wondering why is that the case? Because I'm guessing if I put a Dr. Korobo as a minister I'm guessing that he should be pushing for that sector to be better as opposed to being a politician. My darling, how long is this program? We can sit down and talk about it. Oh, we have all day. But let's go. If you call Jesus Christ to be minister of health in this present system short of his working a complete miracle and being a lower slot for everybody he will face the same problems that any minister faces because by the time you get in there you realize that there's some entrenched interest in the system that will ensure that you cannot succeed. Oh, interesting. You want to stop people saying you want to stop them going abroad? I mean, it's an idealistic and it's a wish I've had for many decades that if you stop them sending their children to school abroad if you stop them going abroad for medical treatment then maybe they will be forced to. They will not. They will find other ways of taking the money. Let's talk about doctor-patient ratio for southern states and for the northern states. I find this very alarming. 35,000 to one doctor. To one doctor. How does that work? I mean, I understand that more and more doctors are leaving the country but what is being done to replace these doctors? Because I'm thinking if I were to be trained to be... How do you replace these doctors? Yeah. Doctors are not something you go to a supermarket and pick up a shelf. Do you even have the structure? Right now we're looking at a situation where we don't even have medical educators to train the next stage of doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacists, medical lab scientists, biomedical engineers. Because you forget that a hospital is not just doctors. If there's equipment, there's equipment that has to be maintained. Investigations that have to be carried out. The whole gamut of the health system, we don't even have the educators in place right now. So even if you throw all the money at the universities that you want to throw, we don't have the lecturers. People have forgotten that aspect of it. In 2022, we're not graduating a single member, a single new member of staff in the health sector. Wow. Together around. That is not something else to imagine. That's the reality we're facing. Wow. We'll take a quick break. We'll take a quick break. We'll be back to talk more about this because there's a lot that needs to be unearthed in this studio this evening. But we're talking about leadership and their role in the failing health sector in Nigeria. As we get ready for 2023, we'll be right back. It's still plus politics.


God's beauty is all around us and my goal as an artist is to capture and interpret that beauty on canvas and to take you the viewer along with me on this painting journey. And welcome to painting journeys. Once again we're here together and I last time I did a painting in our last show that was of coming home and this is the what the painting what I worked from. It's a view from my living room window and it epitomizes everything about coming home to me especially during the holiday season. And then when we were finished with the show this is how far I had come with the painting and as you can see it's pretty pretty rough. There was quite a bit of finished work to do on the painting when I got home but to my home studio. But I did and this is the finished painting. And as you can see I have brightened up some areas and made more branches and there's light on this tree here. And if you look carefully you can see just a little bit of warmth on this tree. This tree is really more in front and then as the tree turns it becomes cooler the snow and then this flash of color.  So this is what coming home looks like to me. I'm very pleased with the way it turned out and I hope you like it too. Now today I have a really special treat for you. We are going to take a journey to Ireland and we're going to be painting a castle. A castle that was probably built in the I would say probably the 13th or 14th century. It originally belonged to the Old Donald clan in Ireland and they had hundreds and hundreds of thousands of acres of land. The castle the English came in in the 1600s and they took over the castle and they took over the lands and the castle kind of went downhill from there. I guess it did have some owners but anyway some years ago quite a few a young man by the name of Sean Riley purchased the castle very reasonably and he decided that he's going to restore the castle to his former glory. Well and if you look real close you can see he lives there and you can see a little bit of his living room there behind him. He is really quite the character Sean is and this is a picture of what the more of the castle looks like. It's really very very dilapidated you know there's just a small portion of it that is livable where he's living you know. So we went there one day and we had the most exciting time. The Leap Castle is it's located near the town of Burr if you've ever been to Ireland and that's at the base of the the sleeve bloom mountains and it was just the whole area. I could stand in the window up here and look out of that window and see for miles all this gorgeous Irish countryside you know with a little patches of the different colors of green and everything. They say that Ireland is like every green that you can imagine you know and it is it is. I guess that's why John Wayne actually went over there and filmed a couple of his movies there. Anyway so I think we better get started on this. As you can see I've done a rough sketch now I can't get this whole the whole photo into the painting so I decided to eliminate and do what was the most important part to me and to me the most important part is this area right in here and if you can look very carefully through here this is actually an opening in this wall this outer wall and you can see inside this courtyard this inside of here there's actually trees it's not a courtyard it was it's just the roof has come off of that area and the trees have actually there's actually trees growing right out of the rooms of these of the castle is it's it's really something to see.  I put the charcoal on and then I have fixed it with some water so I would have my drawing there but I want to wipe the excess off excuse the noises. I just want to just see the drawing there okay the basic shapes there okay I thought this was just so unique and I I think I would really like to try working with my palette knife a lot on this one it just kind of seems to me all this the stone and everything would really lend itself to some palette knife work on it so first of all we'll get the palette and as always I'm just working with a limited palette of warm and warm down the one side and cool coming across the bottom colors and first of all I think I'll go ahead and get that sky in there that sky is such a gorgeous gorgeous blue. Let me mix up some some blues here and we have those clouds too that are very beautiful. The afternoon that we went to this gentleman's castle and he was there talking with us he when we walked into the main room there there was this huge table it must have been at least 14 16 feet long and he had fixed us lunch and the food it was an Irish stew and it had lots of things in it that I couldn't recognize if you know what I mean it but it was delicious it was absolutely delicious and he had made some homemade Irish soda bread and I never did see the kitchen so I don't know the conditions that this food was cooked in but I didn't ask either because I was hungry anyway it was was marvelous and we all sat around this great big long table and he had this chair where he could just kind of sit there and watch us very quiet gentlemen very very quiet too bright you see when you want to make sure that you are in the right color family or the right color temperature you mix and then you hold the knife up to what you're working from you have to always keep in mind of course that it is a photograph it is printers ink that you're painting from so you take the liberty of making whatever just adjustments you feel are necessary all right I'm going to put the sky in with my brush and I do see right down in here I do see a little bit where the cloud is right in here and then I see cloud right up in this area here anyway so there we all are sitting around this marvelous repast and he's just sort of sitting there looking at us and then we finished our meal and he came around to each one of us and he gave us a little tiny I'm not sure what it was called it was about the shape of a shot glass but it was made out of ceramic it looked very old fashion very you know had like hadn't hand thrown on a kiln and very rough very rough looking and then he came around with this bottle and he gave us all like maybe hmm maybe a finger and a half of this liquid okay well what that liquid was called is pochin and pochin is Irish moonshine this fellow makes Irish moonshine and he serves it to his guests there at the castle and I guess no one ever has turned him in for it because they all enjoy the moonshine you know or the pochin so anyway he served us that well I'll tell you just a little tiny bit about went to my head immediately and I was trying to find where the restroom was and I asked and he said oh just go up those stairs over there and you'll you'll see it is like the third or fourth door on the on the left well the stairs were circular okay and it was a little stone stairwell that was perhaps maybe a foot and a half wide very tiny I think people back in the early times were smaller and so this was really quite quite small little stairwell that I was going up and I kept going around and around and all the doors that I would come to were real tiny like this little arch here they were real tiny and they only came up to about here on me you know and I would think to myself oh gosh that can't be in the bathroom I'll have to you know be all doubled over and crawl I don't even know if I can fit through this little tiny door and as we're going all the way up here's all these little doorways and little arches so I get all the way to the top I don't see the door that's supposed to be for the bathroom I don't see it somehow or another because my head was swimming from the pochin I had missed that particular door and so I get all the way to the top and I open this door and it was like opening a door into the inner sanctum it was so dark and so empty and such a feeling of void that I felt like I could just be it was like a horror movie I felt like I could just be sucked right into this room it was very very frightening and I got scared and so I'm sitting down at the top of the stairs and I say in this real weak voice could somebody come and help me because I thought I was lost you know and so he sent a gentleman up that had been there before that knew where the bathroom was to show me so it was it was an experience it was an experience this is what I'm trying to get across to you it was like nothing I had ever been to before and but he was so gracious so anyway then we came down when it came back down from the bathroom he pulled out his flute and he began to play his flute for us and it was just beautiful I mean it was it was so lulling and just it was marvelous what he was doing with this flute I love the Irish flute anyway and he was a master at it so then after we were all done eating and we'd had our poaching and we're all sitting there kind of half days he began to tell us his story about the castle and what he was trying to do with it and he told us that you know we asked him well do you do you live here do you are you married and he said yes I'm married and I have a daughter and she is a champion Irish dancer she's won many many awards across she's even danced in the United States and all over the world and she's won many awards but she and my wife is a retired Irish dancer and I never knew this before but it does make a lot of sense Irish dancers are never very old because it damages their their muscles and their bones so much the dance is so vigorous and so at a certain point in their life they have to just kind of give up on it but his daughter so he took us upstairs to his living quarters and the they had like an old cast iron bathtub and it was just you know it was like I don't know there was no pretense it was just like they had just stepped out of the bath and left their towels on the floor I mean there was absolutely no pretense it was just marvelous to seeing what their life was really like and he showed us his daughter's costumes and they were glorious you know and then we got to explore a little on our own and one of the things that I really liked the best was going to these windows there were so many windows everywhere and you could climb up into these areas and you could look out the window and the window would frame this beautiful pastoral scene that was a lot of fun that that was that was a trip that was a marvelous marvelous trip and in the weeks or in the shows to come we're going to be seeing a little more of Ireland I have so many stories to tell you about my journey over there that it was just oh it was so marvelous I'm just kind of softening that down because I want that to recede and so if I soften it a little bit and make sure that all my strokes are going in a downward motion then if I go across the light will reflect on it and it'll reflect up instead of looking like it's going down and behind so I always kind of smooth the sky in a downward motion that's why I'm doing that there now I kind of like that the clouds could be a little a little bit more pronounced but I don't want to get into that too much because I'm going to get all hung up on this sky and you're going to say well kitty when are you going to start that building that castle I do want to put a little bit more in here though why this paint love that old thick juicy paint it's just the best to work with all right there we go all right now I do see a little bit of that blue sky right here you see it and there's a little touch right here where that's open and those trees are going through and I believe that that would be let's see this window this window and that would be this window right and there's a little touch of blue sky in there and then there's a little touch of blue sky that's coming like this and like this okay and that looks like it's a little dark a little bit too much so we'll just come back in with a little bit of light and lighten that up just a little bit and now then I'm going to I want to get a nice dark on here so I'm going to mix up a nice dark and I always like to put a little bit of alizarin crimson into my dark I don't like to just make it black black is so flat looking and dead I like to put a little alizarin crimson in the dark and it makes it gives it more life that way and I'm going to I'm just going to come in here and get this little bit of dark in here so that we can see what that looks like maybe I'll add a little bit more red to it there we go and then over here we have some darks we have some darks in this window here you know one of the things that really amazed me about this castle is it though you could actually go to the window and sit on the window ledge because the castle walls were three feet at least three feet wide so there would be this big ledge three feet of ledge that you could sit on sit in the window and look out down below it's amazing there are all sorts of places where people could look out to make sure that you know the the marauders were not coming to get them but evidently that didn't work because the English did a pretty good job on the O'Donnells on the O'Donnell clan this gentleman had the cutest little car a little European like car was real real tiny he took off for a while while over there and I don't know if he went to the store or what but anyway out came this little tiny car that looked like a little well we have them now over here little cars that look like their toys our little electric cars not all of them look that way but some of them do his was very tiny he worked he worked in the pubs played music followed his daughter around with her dancing okay we've got another window over here that we have where we have some dark we'll go ahead and put that in so now we can kind of see okay we've got the lightest light and the darkest dark on here we can kind of see where we're going with this okay alright so now then make up some paint here for the side of this and this I think I'm for the time being I'm just going to put on with the knife and I'm not going to worry about the detail of all the stones and everything because that's that's not that's finished work that's what happens when I take the painting back to my studio in my home and I work on it for now we're just going to try to get something on there that so we have a base that looks pretty good okay so we hit right in here we have a sharp whoops sharp corner right there you see that right there and that's because there's all kinds of plants and things coming in there and there's a lot of plants and things coming up here so I'm just gonna kind of put this on like this I really have that thick don't I wow oh well that's called impasto when you paint really thick and it's fun it's like frosting a cake I'm over here around here and then we're going to and over to here you see this is I'm leaving because it's it's where my to show the depth of the wall there when I come back in here you know I'll come back in with a little bit of gray and blue and put some you know different things on here to kind of make it look more like even just patting the knife on makes a nice rock look but like I said that's detail I don't want to get into that right now people in Ireland are so friendly and it's just amazing how warm and friendly they are how everybody has a story and I'll tell you they think nothing of coming up and smacking you right on the took us they'll go walking by and if they like the way they that you look well I just might smack you on the took us I found that a little difficult I had I was in a coffee shop with some girls and we were sitting there and this little gentleman all maybe ten inches shorter than I am came up and sat down he was older he was probably my age or whatever and came up and he said you're a fair lassie can I buy you a drink of course I can't talk in that accent but and when he opened his mouth to smile his teeth are all gone you know so anyway it was just I mean I don't know maybe lots of the gals over there letting buy them drinks I don't know but I didn't really want one but I don't think a girl would have much trouble getting a date over there all right put this here and I'm gonna come back with the brush and come dark and a little bit of this so that it looks like it's a little more in shadow and darker yet now this I have to be a little careful with you know I know there's little stones there and everything but I can't really put those in just yet because that's detail and right so right now I'm just trying to you know get my values laid on and the feel of the place all that finish stuff will come later the next time you see it and you'll have to be sure and catch the next show so that you can see how this turns out all right now this is all green in here so I am going to make it nice and dark the the darker green is a cooler green okay what's in the center there is cooler so I'm going to mask this in right in here with this darker green and there again as I was saying all I'm doing is I'm going for shape for the shape and value on the painting detail detail and the actual finer points of the painting will be seen when you see it at our next show it's completed so this is this is to represent this little bit of of greenery that we have in here excuse me I'm softening the edges okay we have a lot of dark right in here very very dark I in fact I think I'm going to just go right with the blue and put that in there because I want that to be really super dark so that when I put the lights on it it's going to show up really good and so by putting this that greenery excuse me frog at my throat here that greenery is very very dark let me see before I do anything more on that green I'm going to need to get some of the building behind it now this is kind of got an interesting a very interesting shape and I don't know if you remember at the beginning of the show when I when I showed you the the outside of part of the castle there you could see the that archway from the well there's many archways like that but you could see that in the other photograph so I'm gonna put that back there and there's there's little there's little there again there's little detail in that that we're not going to worry about now we're going to go back to the knife mix a bunch more paint here see and see you know what another good really good thing to do is to try to echo the color that you're working with into your painting all over so I'm actually taking the sky color and mixing it into the orange to make kind of a gray and so I therefore I'm keeping my colors very harmonious because I'm repeating color and that's if you want a nice harmonious painting that's very important okay I'm liking this it it kind of looks like a little bit like mud but then I think that's kind of what they put the castle together with this mud all right I think I've already got a pretty good pile here okay so we've got a little a little thing up there and then it comes down here and it's coming across here oh that color come out and that goes up there and then we have little things here almost like little turrets you know one of the things that was really so interesting about being in Ireland was all of the you would go along and there would be just a round lookout and they would usually be higher on the hill and these would be on the outskirts of the of the land of the castles and and they would be there so that somebody could watch to make sure that they weren't being invaded and they would they would watch from these little round turrets I would imagine that many a person fell asleep to the detriment of the castle owner that's a little darker back there because that's you see that's going away now I know in the photograph that it looks like it's really an extreme angle but if I was standing here looking at this castle it would not be that extreme photography is very difficult to paint from versus painting from life because in photography it just the photography distorts the subject matter so you have to know how that a distort distortion is going to show up and make the make the allowances for it you don't because if you just do it like what you're seeing in the photograph it most likely is is not going to be correct and that's pretty important when you're painting from photographs being a primarily a studio painter myself I do a lot of work from photographs and so I'm always watching out for those little traps that you know show the world that that you did not really see the place that you just copying photographs and that's something else you don't want to do is just copy you want to create this is your chance to create when you paint and that's what you want to do so if it doesn't look exactly like the photograph that's good you know it really if somebody comes up to you and says oh I love that it looks just like a photograph that's not really a compliment because all that means is that you've captured the the look of a photograph it doesn't mean that you put your soul into it your heart and your soul into the painting by making little changes and putting parts of yourself into it it looks really rugged and rough to you I know that I know you're probably at home scratching your head right now thinking gosh is this girl even know what she's doing we will see we will see okay now I'm going to come with a little green and there's a little bit of green right in here that I'm going to put on there a little bit of a plant and I'm just going to pat it on kind of and so that you can kind of get the idea of what that's going to look like when I'm done I may scrape that off when I get it back to the to my home studio but for now I'll leave it on there just so that you can see and I'll cover up my little bit of sky hole and I left there that too much that's okay there we go and I will take this and go across the top and then it will be shaped a little better and we're going to be in in Ireland for several several shows now I have some marvelous experiences that I want to tell you about and in places that I want to show you and very funny incidents that happened to me while I was there there's nothing quite like being in another country and just kind of have to go with the flow and sometimes you don't really know what the flow is to go with so it can be a little intimidating at times there we go that looks a little better there okay so now then I'm seeing this is being a little bit yellow or up here I'm gonna add a little yellow to this side here because this is cooler that's a cooler temperature because it's going away from us and it's in shadow and this is kind of brighter so we do have this little thing that comes up here and then this comes across here and it comes over to right about here and then it comes up again right there and so this is in here there's that corner let me see here this looks like it has a little bit of pink in it that's pretty I hope I'm not copying the printer's ink but why not though would be pretty against all that green why not take that liberty yeah that's just a little bit wider right there and it comes right there like that we go isn't this fun I love it I love to paint I love it that I'm able to be here with with you today as I share my my journey with you to to Ireland and to the other places that that will be going in future shows okay and this is just going to kind of come over here and you know when I step back and I look at that I think that's got a pretty good thing going pretty happy with it oh this is more green over here and let's see and I just got a signal from the cameraman that I'm running out of time I'm so sorry we don't have too long left to be together today well I get the whole thing with paint on it I hope to see now this is kind of a green down here because this is plants in here coming up so let's just kind of get that in there this is dark right in here inside this window there's so much greenery growing over this it was just amazing I mean there was whole places that were missing and that were just all overgrown and there's something in Ireland it's a yellow plant and you see it everywhere it's called gorse and it just as you're driving along and you see it along the countryside it's beautiful I mean I thought it was just beautiful it's great big huge bushes of this of this stuff called gorse gorse g-o-r-s-c and we just I thought it was just beautiful but the people that live there they hate it because it's invasive and then takes their over their their crops and they have to fight with it all the time the sheep and the cattle are constantly battling you know for for food because of this these the gorse and the gorse is is very thorny so you can't even get near it you know it's very very thorny very like this and this is going to come out like this and it's going to be a little bit darker right in there that corner is and that's going to go like that and I'll lighten that up just a wee bit okay and then on top of this is more green right that's coming up right in here and that's that dark that dark green again it is coming all the way down in here and then we have some of the yellow green to put some of that on there too and underneath there we have the the yellow there's a little yellow right there and there's a little yellow right here over here I may have to fix that later there we go holding my knife you probably think oh my goodness kitty stop mumbling mumbling to yourself girl I forget I forget that I'm on camera just talking away here put this in here like so and we'll have some of this behind okay and we just have this little bit here and wonder if we can get this all covered with paint before the end of the show wouldn't it be lovely I would be very happy with that if I could accomplish that for you I hate to go back with a leave the show with just a partial painting and I love all those colors or the yummy when they come out and then we're going to have to have some dark in here for the window the and the window ledge here that's going to have to be dark too yep oh I like that blue in there see how pretty that made that a little bit of that up here too yeah oh I like that that's pretty straighten this up a little bit and try to straighten that one up a little bit now we'll come from the outside and we'll straighten this up right here and right here and then this is under all righty and I oh I just noticed kitty those windows are going on a downward slant so I have to fix that there we go oh boy I guess you know you really get the feeling of or I do anyway when I look at this I really get the feeling of how I felt when I was there it was like I had stepped back hundreds of years was to meaty evil times and what I when I was on that dark stairwell you know was I going to be trapped in the castle you know I have an active imagination but it was it was kind of a wild you know wild experience I think the poaching had a lot to do with it that poaching was something else and bird oh my gosh the poaching learned like fire but of course I always did I mean I didn't complain I asked for another one but he poured the second one even lighter because he didn't I think he realized I couldn't handle it too well if I couldn't find the bathroom there we go but see in Ireland you just have fun you let your hair down and you just have fun and you do whatever you want you know who's to know what those crazy toothless Irishman now that was me and Kenny why did you say that okay so now then we're gonna take a little more green and we're gonna put right in here I'm just gonna kind of splash it on because I want you to remember that we got all this green in here and plants and all that business on there and the only thing I haven't done is I haven't shown you those trees that are coming from the one these these plants over here a brighter yellow green right in there I haven't shown you those trees are growing right out of the middle of the room here okay that's gonna be just a little bit brighter you know I might not do too much to this I'm kind of excited with the way it looks right now you know it's it to me it looks it looks just oh I just got the message I have less than five minutes left kids and I wanted so badly to just show you those trees coming out of the top let me see if I can get those in real fast bear with me they probably won't look the greatest but at least we'll get an idea of what they look like this tree is actually growing out of here too big a brush so once again we have been visiting Leap Castle at the foot of the sleeve bloom mountains near the city of Burr Ireland today and it's the original home of the O'Donnell clan and it's being refurbished and rebuilt by a gentleman named Sean Riley who does a little flu playing and makes a little moonshine and this generally has a very nice life there we go so now we can see that the tree is growing out of there I'll put more branches on it and everything I just wanted I wanted you to be able to see you know what that was gonna look like and I'll have to thin those down and everything and there as darker that's a darker edge there and that's darker right there okay what do you think huh I think that it looks pretty darn good and I think I am pretty happy with it I'm just gonna make a little bit more yellow green right in here so that you can see that these things are growing down and there we go there is a portion a tiny portion of Leap Castle I want to thank you so much for joining me today on painting journeys as we've journeyed across the canvas and and you listen to my silly stories about my trip to Ireland I appreciate it so much and I do hope you'll catch us then on our next show when you'll see this completed once again this is Kitty Lynn Klisch with painting journeys be sure and catch us next time see you then bye bye for now


I'll go box clips. Look at them curves dough.   Oh Don't believe that hype.   Hey, man Nothing wrong with big dips as long as you stay in the game focus work your way out Not by digging your way out and like hold not a positions a crap like that, but you know how we do steady Bring your training in don't use your training Mike Schwartz had a great Idea of practice coming out of this a great way to do this Going to market replay force yourself into the negative by hitting buy sell buy sell buy sell buy sell really fast Put yourself down in the negative In market replay In market replay to practice they get yourself down, you know a thousand two thousand dollars Maybe three thousand dollars where you're like, oh man, you know that point whatever point stresses you out You already practice it great job Alex, you know and then practice that point where you get stressed out and then Just show yourself you can do it right just show it do it Press the like button share subscribe and comment below with your thoughts and what you've learned