And now, I'm inviting you to a tour of the narcissist mind. As we tour the narcissist mind, you will understand why each of these techniques is working. So, this is actually the second part of the lecture, is to explain to you why these techniques are working and to allow you with this deeper understanding to use these techniques more effectively.  Narcissism is a post-traumatic condition. The narcissist has been the victim, usually, of his parents. As a victim, the narcissist shows a specific, a highly specific solution. But the fact that the narcissist shows a specific solution does not mean that the narcissist is not a victim. He is as much a victim as you are. The reason the narcissist victimizes you is that he wants company. As long as you are not victimized, you are alien to the narcissist. Narcissist wants to feel at home among his own kind. He wants to be among victims because he is a victim. So, he converts and transforms everyone around him into a victim simply to feel at home. And of course, the clinical concept is comfort zone. The narcissist's comfort zone is among victims. The narcissist will victimize you, never mind what you do. Never mind what you do not do. Never mind how often you do or do not do what you do or do not do.  And here's the worst part. When the narcissist converts you to an image of himself, he's doing you a favor because he is superior. He is God-like. He is bringing you up to his level. What does it say in Genesis, the first chapter of Genesis in the Bible? God created men in his own image. The narcissist creates you in his own image. He is furious at your lack of gratitude. Here he is investing in inferior you. He is very close to God. Sometimes they change places. And here he is. Having chosen you. Having selected you. He could have chosen anyone, but he chose you. And here he is molding you, shaping you like Pygmalion and Galatea. And how do you react? You are unhappy. You claim to be abused and victimized.  You must understand this. The narcissist is very angry at you. All the time.   The narcissist's partner is in a binary state. Retard or ungrateful. And usually ungrateful return. And so the narcissist says to himself, to mold my partner, I must resort to extreme and radical measures. Americans call it tough love. They tried it in Iraq. This is tough love. It's for your own good. You will thank me one day if you survive. But there is a problem. And now I'm going to take you into the soul. The psyche and the mind of the narcissist. There was a sociologist by the name of Giddens. And in the 1990s, Giddens came with a concept called ontological insecurity. Ontological insecurity. The narcissist is in a state of ontological insecurity. What is ontological insecurity? It's when you don't feel continuous. When you don't feel that your yesterday or your today is a continuation of yesterday and your tomorrow will be continuation of today. Obviously, if there is no continuity, it is impossible to develop an identity. The narcissist is possibly the only form of human who has no core, no identity, no kernel. In 1995, I proposed that narcissism is a form of multiple personality disorder. Because the narcissist has two selves, true self, which is a traumatized, very, very young child who is paralyzed by fear and hurt. So this child is dysfunctional and has no effect on the psychodynamics of the narcissist. And there is the false self, which is good luck. We'll come to it a bit later. It's your self, yes, true and false. Technically, it's multiple personality disorder because it's a person with two personalities. But I was wrong. The second time I admit something today. I don't know what's happening to me. I was wrong because in multiple personality known today as dissociative identity disorder, in dissociative identity disorder, there is continuity. The person with multiple personalities has many personalities. But each of these personalities has perfect memory and perfect identity. And each of these personalities has total continuity. So if someone with multiple personality has six personalities, one of these personalities is Sam. Sam comes out, talks to the therapist. And then four months later, Sam comes out again. Sam will remember the conversation with the therapist. The six personalities have total continuity, total memory, total identity, not the narcissist. Narcissists forget or have no access to almost 80%, 80%. At least according to my studies, 80% of their memories. Every minute you are confronted with a new person, new narcissist, which has nothing to do with the person a minute before. Narcissists suffer from something called dissociation. Dissociation breaks in memory, missing time. So the narcissist misses seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, but misses all the time. He dissociates all the time. He is not continuous. How to live like that? What the narcissist does is called, in clinical terms, confabulation. The narcissist invents stories to cover the missing parts. The narcissist says to himself, I remember picking the golf club and I remember the ball going to the hole. But I don't remember anything in between. So let's see, probably, probably, it's logical that I hit the ball with the golf club. Probably, it's logical, it makes sense, it's plausible, but I do not remember it. And this is called confabulation. Very often the narcissist gets the confabulation wrong. So people think he is lying. Or gaslighting. He's not. He's confabulating. Here's your problem as victims or partners. The narcissist is like the river of Heraclitus. You know, Pantarei. You cannot enter the same river twice. You cannot talk to the same narcissist twice. You do not have a relationship with the same person. You do not communicate with the same human being. Not only there is no one there, there's nobody there, but the emptiness itself is fragmented and fractured to pieces. It's like an empty, beautiful empty palace with no inhabitants and the walls themselves are cracked and falling down. Partners of narcissists cannot digest this. There are two things that victims of narcissists cannot accept and cannot digest. One, the narcissist does not exist. There is nobody home. There is no person there. I mean, probably many of you know that I'm a narcissist, yes? I've been diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder twice. Over 15 years. It's pretty safe I'm one. So you look at me. Here I am. Joking, talking, drinking coffee, drinking water, smiling at Barbara. What am I missing? Some of you may think that I'm reasonably okay looking. Those with myopia. So it is impossible for you to grasp that there is nobody here behind this lectern. Trust me on this. There is nobody here. You're experiencing mass delusion when we come to it. This phenomenon is known as the uncanny valley. The second thing that victims or intimate partners of narcissists find difficult to accept that to the narcissist, they are not special. They are commodities as interchangeable as grains of rice.  Told you that he loves you a million times. How many times you made love? He cried. Intimacy.  The narcissist loves his wife and he also loves rice. And very often he cannot tell the difference. Victims find it shattering because their individuality is challenged. So this is the first thing, ontological insecurity, dissociation, confabulation, nobody home. No one there. Sorry, before I go to the second thing. So stop communicating so hard. You cannot negotiate with a non-entity. Your agreements mean nothing because no one signed them.  It's a ghost, less than a ghost. It's a pretension, it's a piece of fiction.  It's a bad movie. It's a script. Why do I resemble a human being so well? How do I give this almost perfect rendition of a human being? I observed many of you for a long time. I have 190 IQ. I used it. You are not complex. You have very basic life forms. You are easy to manipulate. You have three or four basic modes. Your user manual is pretty rudimentary. So, you know, it's not too difficult to deceive you into believing that I am human. It helps that I am made of carbon, like the next generation of artificial intelligence. When the final androids hit the earth, they will be made of carbon. They will have superior cognitive skills. I hope they will be more handsome than me, but they will be me. I am it. I am distinct. I am, in many respects, your future. I think this is the horror at the core of narcissism. This is why narcissism had become a global phenomenon. From Nepal to Australia and from Egypt to Canada. There is a universal resonance. Because I think you recognize that this life form, narcissists, probably is the future. I didn't say that. Japanese roboticist said it. In 1970, Masahiro Mori said that when robots become indistinguishable from people, people will become very frightened, phobic and anxious. And he called it uncanny valley. Everyone feels uncomfortable around the narcissist. We have proved it in studies. People don't know that they are with narcissists in the same room and they will react with extreme anxiety and discomfort. Why? They feel that something is missing. Something is off key. Something is imitated. Not real. Something is fake. I am telling you all these things for you to accept that it is not possible to have a meaningful emotional life with a narcissist. And no amount of manipulation will change this. The next thing you need to understand about a narcissist is that narcissists like people with other mental health problems, they are capable of what we call paradoxical thinking. The first person to describe paradoxical thinking for a psychologist was Bateson. He called it double bind. And then Lang was a famous British psychotherapist, Audi Lang. And he called it the incomplete knot. Paradoxical thinking is simply the ability to have at the same time contradictory thoughts and contradictory beliefs. You can't do that.  You cannot think at the same time, I believe the world is good and the world is horrible. You cannot have conflicting cognitions and conflicting values and beliefs. This creates in you something called dissonance. And you solve the dissonance by getting rid of one of the horns, one of the sides, one of the thoughts. Not so the narcissist. Narcissists can, at the same time, at the same moment, have conflicting thoughts, contradictory thoughts, contradictory emotions, contradictory values and contradictory beliefs. So who are you talking to when you communicate with the narcissist? And when you manipulate the narcissist, who are you manipulating? He can say at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Barbara is wonderful.  He changes his views, his commitments, his promises, his contracts, his everything. Changes constantly and dramatically because he has paradoxical thinking. Why does he have paradoxical thinking? Because he doesn't exist. The essence of existence is the stability of cognitions, values, and so on. And these are known as Shema's schemes. So everyone has Shema's, amalgams, collections, collections of emotions, cognitions, beliefs, values, and they are stable and they are solid. And the stress, they can break down, but still. Normally they are very stable. It makes all of you more or less predictable, reliable, and of course it allows society to function. Narcissists and psychopaths, by the way, have none of this. They go with the flow and they react to internal dynamics by changing themselves so completely that they are utterly new. It is utterly disorienting. It's like shape-shifting. You know in science fiction movies, shape-shifting. It's Kimera, Kimerical. And it's very, very disorienting and sometimes frightening. And always infuriating. Intimate partners and victims of narcissists spend huge amounts of time trying to nail down the jelly. But yesterday you said this, but you promised this, but didn't we agree? Total waste of time. The third thing you need to know about narcissists, the narcissist starts as a reflection. It's the only human being that starts its conscious existence as a reflection. The narcissist constructs his sense of self, the false self, by reflecting himself from other people. Healthy people have a stable core. They get input from other people and they reject most of it. And they reject most of this input for good reason. The instability of the core remains for life. Regulation of sense of self-worth, regulation of moods, regulation of emotions. It all comes from inside. If you find yourself alone on an island, nothing will happen to you as far as your sense of self. If you were alone on an island, you would still feel that you are you, not so the narcissist. The narcissist is the totality of the reflections of other people. The narcissist's mind is like a hive of bees.  Everything fits in. What doesn't fit in, you discard. The aesthetic is you are absolutely smooth and seamless. The narcissist's mind is like a hive of bees with hexagons, millions of hexagons. And to each hexagon, the narcissist collects his reflection in her eyes, in her eyes, in his eyes, in his eyes, in her eyes. Collects, collects millions of reflections and then processes these reflections, puts them in the hexagons. And what happens when there are no reflections? Narcissist feels when he is not surrounded by people who reflect him. The narcissist feels that he does not exist. You remember the technique of withholding? This is connected to this. If you withhold, you don't reflect.  In the relationship with the narcissist, you have 100% of the power. The narcissist has zero. The genius of the narcissist is to convince you that he has 100% of the power. And you have zero. The narcissist does have empathy. It's called empathy. Cold empathy is empathy, but without emotions. It's goal oriented. So if I see someone crying, I would recognize that she is sad. I would recognize this. She said, so I do have empathy. I have cognitive empathy. But you will say, wow, she said, I remember being said, it's a bad feeling. Can I do something for her? Emotional resonance. She said, I remember being said, it's a bad feeling. I want to help. The narcissist says, or the psychopath, she said, I know what it means to be said. Not from personal experience, but I know, I read in books, I observed. I know what it means to be said cognitively.  Because she is broken. She is vulnerable. Her defenses are down. It's an opportunity. Cold empathy is empathy used to find your vulnerabilities and then use these vulnerabilities to obtain goals. Narcissistic supply, sex, money, power, contacts, whatever. So, never ever show the narcissist any emotion. Starve, starve the narcissist's cold empathy of information. Do not provide information to the narcissist's cold empathy. You want to cry, there's always the toilet. You're happy, keep it to yourself. It's like the Miranda warning. Any emotion you show can and will be used against you. And this is called empathy. Similarly, never ever offer the narcissist help or advice. It's extremely difficult. Many of you love the narcissist. It's a different lecture. What's wrong with you? But many of you do. And when you love someone, I heard, you want to help. You want to prevent bad things from happening to that person. You want to guide the person in the right direction if you know the right direction. Or you just want to hold the person. These are critical mistakes with the narcissist. I repeat, never ever offer help, advice, guidance or holding for two reasons. One, the narcissist will interpret your behavior as weakness, as vulnerability. Something he can leverage, something he can use to obtain goals in the future. We'll begin to fake the need for help. Second thing, if you offer the narcissist help and advice, he will think that you are humiliating him. It's narcissistic injury. A narcissist doesn't need help from you. A narcissist doesn't need help from anyone. He's above help. He's omnipotent. He's all powerful. A narcissist doesn't need advice from you. He's omniscient. He knows everything. A narcissist will drive his car for six hours before his wife will ask someone for help. Because he cannot find a place. If you're offering the narcissist advice or help, you are saying to the narcissist, you are in need of advice and help. I have something you don't have. For example, I have information you don't have. Narcissists will react very badly to this. They will never forgive you for offering help and advice. You well know by now, it's something that I described in the mid-90s. A cycle of idealization, devaluation, discard, and replacement. There is a technique that makes use of this cycle. The narcissist first idealizes you, then the narcissist devalues you. Then the narcissist discards you, and then the narcissist replaces you with someone else. To manipulate the narcissist, you reverse the cycle. Reverse it. Remember, idealize, devalue, discard, replace. The technique is replace, replace, discard, devalue, idealize. Replace the narcissist with someone, visibly triangulate. Then discard him, not only triangulate with someone, but also discard the narcissist. As you discard him, devalue him. I don't know, you're not a man, for example. And finally, idealize him. That's it, he's yours. So it's reverse of the cycle. Simply reverse the cycle. Now many, many women came to this behavior intuitively. The maximum effect, maximum impact, if it is all done in one sitting, in one situation, happened to me recently. The next thing you should know about the... So as you see, I'm describing the world of the narcissist, and from each aspect of the narcissist's personality, I'm giving you some technique or some approach that might work. The narcissist is a victim of abuse. That's why he became a narcissist. As a child, the narcissist was terrified of pain, of hurt, of unpredictability. So he created the false self. Narcissists don't have relationships. They have power plays. It's all about power. All of it is establishing a balance of terror, a matrix of power. The narcissist from the very beginning, after the love-bombing phase. By the way, the love-bombing phase is not telling you...  The narcissist is trying, in the love-bombing phase, to convert you into a narcissist, to taste how it feels to get narcissistic supply. So the love-bombing phase is simply to give you the taste of this drug, so that you become junkies as well. But the minute the narcissist acquires you, the minute the narcissist hoovers you, the minute you belong to the narcissist in his mind. The narcissist's message to you is, I don't need you. There is nothing you have that I want or that I need or that I cannot get anywhere else.  You do not have power over me. And I can dump you tomorrow and find someone else in minutes. This is precisely the essence of relationships with narcissists. In the first phase, the narcissist tells you how special you are. In the second phase, the narcissist tells you how not special you are. You're amazing. You're unique.  I never had this experience with anyone. I never felt so deeply. You know what? I never felt at all. You are the first and only. And the things you do to me, and this is the love-bombing phase, and makes you feel very, very unique one in the world. There's only one you. You can offer nothing I need. And what you offer, I don't need. If I'm a cerebral narcissist, I'm above sex. Sex is forgotten. If I'm any kind of narcissist, I'm above emotions.  And if it's not you, then someone else. You should be honored and grateful that I've introduced you into my exciting and adventurous life. It is this pendulum of conflicting messages that totally unsettles and destabilizes the victim. The narcissist fully expects to lose you. He already behaves as though he had lost you. You're always temporary. Even if you're 30 years together, you're still temporary. The narcissist has something called anticipatory loss anxiety. From very early age, the narcissist has something called object inconstancy, or object impermanence. Again, for those of you who are in psychology, object impermanence is a term coined by Jean Piaget, a child psychologist in the late 60s. An object in constancy is a term coined by Margaret Mahler, another child. She was also a psychologist, actually. She was a doctor, but expert on child psychology. You know when a baby at a very early age, before the first year of life, between five months and one year, when mother leaves the room, the baby starts to cry because out of sight, out of existence. If the baby doesn't see mother, mother stops to exist.   When mother is outside the room, the child interacts with the representation of mother. This representation is known as Imago. So, with a narcissist, there is a problem at this phase. And what happens is, the narcissist interacts only with the representation. Can you think why? Why would the narcissist prefer to interact with the representation and not with you? I gave you the clue. I gave you the answer, actually.  You can always walk away out of my life. I don't control what you do and what you may do. But I have full control over the representation inside my mind. So, the minute the narcissist sees you and decides that you are potentially a good source of supply, a shocking process takes place and you are not even aware of it.  He meets someone, he thinks she can supply, provides supply. At that second, he takes a snapshot. From that second, I want you to understand this. It's extremely difficult to believe. I know. From that second, all the time, the narcissist interacts never, ever with you. Always with a snapshot. In a minute, you will understand why the narcissist has, has at some point to devalue you, although in many cases the cycle repeats itself many times, but such a cycle must exist. The narcissist has you and a snapshot, but you are not the snapshot.  You develop. You study. You travel. You have lovers maybe. Don't tell anyone.  You initiate things. You are, in other words, dynamic. The snapshot is static. You start, you start from the same position, overlapping. And then what happens? You move away. But the narcissist is emotionally invested in the snapshot, controls the snapshot, talks to the snapshot.  At some point, you become a threat. The differences between you and the snapshot are so enormous that even the narcissist cannot deceive himself that the snapshot is accurate. At some point, you challenge the snapshot. You all know that point. You've all gone through it because the narcissist starts saying things like, you have changed a lot. You're not the same woman I fell in love with. What's happening to you? You need help. You're going through a crisis. He's describing the gap, the abyss that is opening between you and the snapshot. At that point, he must get rid of you. Must get rid of you because the snapshot matters to him much more than you. He's protecting the snapshot. He has zero tolerance for abandonment, zero tolerance for loss because he is a baby. It's a baby with no object consistency. So he gets rid of you. How to get rid of you? By devaluing you. How to justify to himself that he idealized you yesterday and he's devaluing you today. What? He made a mistake? When he idealized you, was he mistaken? No way. Narcissus is never mistaken. You changed. You are not the same person. The person he's devaluing is not the person that he idealized. So this mechanism, which is technically known as introspection, this mechanism explains the cycles. What is the technique? So everything I'm telling you, there is a technique. The technique is to animate the snapshot. Remember, the narcissist has in his mind a representation of you as you used to be, let's say, when you met. So you have two options. To go back to that time and become who you used to be. To give up on your personal progress and development. You will be shocked how many partners do exactly this. They started to study in the university. They stop. They are successful in business. They close the business. They unwind the changes. That's one technique. The second technique is what we call brinkmanship. It's to animate the snapshot to extreme. That means to challenge the snapshot. To provide the narcissist with a new snapshot. But how can you do that?  You must change so radically and dramatically that the narcissist will have the feeling that he had just met a new partner. Change everything from hairstyle to clothing to lovers to, I mean, behave totally differently. Different priorities, different everything. And the narcissist will say, wow, I'm falling in love with you again. You're so different. I've had couples restart sex after 15 years. I've had divorced couples who went back to living together with this technique. Next thing you should know, narcissism feels to the narcissist like religion feels to an extreme American fundamentalist or a member of ISIS. Narcissists are religious fanatics. They are members of a very special religion. This religion has one God and one worshiper. And it's the only religion in the world where the God is the worshiper. But the inner experience, the emotional correlate, the cognitive aspects are utterly identical to a religious experience. Let us try to understand why. It's my favorite topic, so I don't care if you're not interested. To live with a narcissist, to be with a narcissist is to be a member of a cult. The narcissist is the leader of the cult. And you are the member. The narcissism religion is missionary. Christianity sent missionaries in the 19th century to Africa to convert the natives. The natives were happy. Some of the missionaries were tasty. But exactly like Christianity sent missionaries to Africa to convert the natives, exactly in the same way, the narcissist is trying to convert you to his religion. What is narcissistic supply? It's to worship the narcissist. When the narcissist is asking you to give him supply, he is asking you to worship his God, him. So there is a very interesting branch, new branch, of teaching the victims to cope with narcissists the same way we cope with religious fundamentalists. I'm kidding you're not. When you meet a fanatic Muslim, or a fanatic Jew, or a fanatic Christian, instinctively you know what not to say. Yes, you will not mock Muhammad unless you are Danish.  You will not attack Jesus in the presence of fundamentalist Christian.  You know what not to say. And if you are inside the church, or inside the mosque, or inside the synagogue, you definitely know that some things are never done, some things are never said. Well, when you live with a narcissist, you are living with a religious fundamentalist. Some things you never do. And some things you never say.  You never challenge the attributes of that God. God is all-knowing. God is all-powerful. God is perfect. God is brilliant. You don't challenge this. It's bad. It's bad taste. It's impolite to tell me that I'm not God. It also means you're delusional. I am God. But still, it's a church. So seriously, if you begin to look at narcissism as a religion and understand that you are living with that religion's extreme fundamentalist, you will automatically, instinctively, intuitively know what to do and how to behave. How does narcissism become a religion? Why does it have religious aspects? Very briefly. The child is abused by his parents, mostly his mother, but not only by his parents. Now, this abuses many forms. It can be classic, sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse. But abuse is any situation where the child is not allowed to separate from the parent and become an individual. When the parent does not allow the child to develop his or her own boundaries, a healthy child with a healthy parent, the child stops here, the parent starts here. There's a boundary between them. In the case of a narcissistic parent, usually, the child is not allowed to build Donald Trump's border wall. The child is not allowed to make a distinction between herself or himself and the parent. So you know the mother who always wanted to be an actress, and she failed, and she forces her daughter to become an actress. That's abuse. You know the mother who spoils the child and tells him that he can never do anything wrong. It's abuse. It's abuse because he doesn't allow the child to conflict with the environment, thereby creating a boundary. So there are many, many forms of abuse. How does the child react to this? He creates an imaginary friend, a piece of fiction, the false self. The false self is everything that the child is not. The child is small. False self is infinite. The child cannot guess what the parent will do next. The parent is unpredictable. The false self knows everything. He's omniscient. The child is helpless. The false self is all-powerful. The child is receiving conditional love. If you do this and this, I will love you. So the child knows that if he fails, he is a bad object. He will not be loved. He is unworthy. The false self is perfect. The false self is everything the child is not. But look at the list. Look at the list of the false self. Perfect. Knows everything. All-powerful. Brilliant. There are only two entities in the world which have this description. One is Donald Trump and one is God. And Donald Trump has orange hair. So seriously, the child actually invents God and creates, the child creates a private religion.  The false self is a child's God. But you know, it's a very primitive God. It's the God of the Old Testament. Very primitive God.  The false self is a God and wants human sacrifice. But what human sacrifice? What can the child sacrifice? Who can the child sacrifice? Himself. Only himself. That's precisely what the child does. He sacrifices himself to this new God, the false self. He sacrifices his true self, the false self. He worships the false self. But the false self is a very greedy and hungry God. Like the Moloch, one human sacrifice is not enough. This God demands additional human sacrifices. And this is where I'm happy to say you come in. You are these additional human sacrifices. The narcissist has to sacrifice you to the false self. And this is precisely why in 1995 I coined the phrase narcissistic abuse. Why did I need to say narcissistic abuse? Why not abuse? Because narcissistic abuse is total. The narcissist's only way to sacrifice you to the false self is to eliminate your separate existence. The narcissist must annihilate you. The narcissist's abuse is not functional or instrumental. It's existential.  Because if the false self is not satisfied and not gratified, the narcissist will not exist. So ladies and ladies, when you team up with a narcissist, it's either him or you. It's a war to death. One of you must die, at least psychologically. Indeed, victims and intimate partners of narcissists describe a feeling of inner death. It's very interesting because there was a scholar by the name of Otto Kernberg. In 1975, Kernberg invented the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. When we observe victims of narcissists from the outside, we cannot tell if they are victims of narcissists or if they are patients with borderline personality disorder. This void, this inner death, is common to victims of complex PTSD and to patients with borderline personality disorder. And it leads to mobility, ups and downs, and to emotional dysregulation, which is subject for another lecture. Four brief points, and then I will open the floor to two questions. Point number one. The narcissist has an external locus of control. In other words, the narcissist, ironically, believes that his life is determined from the outside. Consequently, the narcissist blames everything on the outside. And this is known as alloplastic defense. So this is the sequence. My life is determined from outside, so I'm not responsible. So, by far, not guilty. They did it. He did it. She did it. Not me. So, locus of control is external, defense is alloplastic. This is very interesting for you, because if you're willing to play a kind of dangerous game, you can become the narcissist's locus of control. But you have to be very sharp, astute, and know what you're doing. First of all, you must allow the narcissist to blame you for everything. Allow, encourage it to blame you for everything. So you come to the narcissist, it's my fault, I made a mistake, it was wrong, I shouldn't have done it. Oh, poor you, you're suffering because of me, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. This has two beneficial effects. If you say it, the narcissist doesn't have to say it. Introduces the abuse, but much more importantly, gradually, the narcissist out of convenience will begin to regard you as the locus of control, as the external locus of control. And he will become extremely co-dependent on you. It's totally counter-intuitive technique, but it works. The narcissist will say to himself, everything that's bad is her fault. Probably everything that's good is her fault. Probably everything is her fault. Probably she controls everything. It's a kind of a conspiracy theory. He will develop a kind of conspiracy theory. Don't forget, narcissism is a religion. And you can apply for the job of God. All you need is a long white beard. Okay, next point, magical thinking. One of the reasons no therapy works with narcissists, all therapies fail with narcissists. Possibly the reason, the major reason, is that therapists insist to treat narcissists as adults. They strike an alliance with the narcissist. They negotiate with the narcissist. They argue with the narcissist, they reason with the narcissist. They ask the narcissist to promise things. The narcissist is not an adult. There is no narcissist alive whose mental age, well, alive. Dead ones maybe, but there's no narcissist alive whose mental age is higher than, let's say, 11. So it's a mistake to treat narcissists as adults. My new therapy, cold therapy, is built on this insight. And all the techniques in cold therapy are based on child psychology. But one of the things that children have is called magical thinking. Because children have magical thinking. The narcissist has magical thinking. Magical thinking is the belief that internal processes affect reality. So you know the famous phenomenon that children blame themselves for bad things that are happening to the parents. That's magical thinking. Or children expect miracles. Or believe in fairy tales. Or have imaginary friends. These are all forms of magical thinking. And of course, false self is a major feat of magical thinking. But if you take magical thinking and add to it grandiosity, God-like, I'm God-like, and add to it immunity because I'm God, no one can touch me. If you mix this, you get a very explosive mixture. Because of this mixture, the narcissist, for example, is reckless. He takes risks, crazy risks. Because he believes in magic. He's immune. No one and nothing can touch him. There are no consequences to his actions. He's God. God can do anything, no? So he's reckless.  He believes everyone and everything. It's easy to deceive, to cheat and to con.  That's another Jew by the name of Socrates. So the narcissist believes that he knows everything, cannot learn anything, and no one can be more clever than him. And this is the dream. Dream client of a con artist. You can make use of this. You can make use of this.  Everything comes from him. You want to put an idea in his head, you ask for his advice, even if he's totally unqualified. You push him to perform miracles. You say that you expect him to do this because he can do anything. It's very easy to manipulate the narcissist using his grandiosity, magical thinking and belief that he is immune to the consequences of his actions. And you use the narcissist's entitlement. You tell the narcissist you deserve this. You want him to take risks. You want him to leave you alone. All you have to say, for example, you deserve someone much better than me. True the narcissist will say, I really do. Or you deserve the easy life. You shouldn't work so hard. Or your luck will... You're very lucky.  It's extremely easy. Just be creative. The reason I'm giving you a tool and something, our lecture, is because Barbara paid me a lot of money. But if Barbara hadn't paid me a lot of money, the lecture would have been extremely short and would have contained a single sentence.  End of story. You saw how much money you could have saved. That's the narcissist for you. You can never trust. Last point, anyway... Last point, and I will open to... I will open to questions. One thing people, including, by the way, the vast majority of professionals, including the leading experts on paranoia, what they don't appreciate, is that paranoia is a form of narcissism. There are two critical elements in paranoia. Without which you cannot be paranoid. Point number one. I am the center of attention. Someone is paying me attention. And I am sufficiently important for someone to want to harm me. Take away these two elements and there's no paranoia. But what is... I'm the center of attention. Grandiosity. It's a form of narcissistic supply. And what is... He wants to harm me. The CIA is after me. What is this? It means I'm very important. I can be important to the CIA. Or I can be important to my neighbor. But it doesn't matter. I am important.  I'm the center of my neighbor's universe. The focus of his thoughts. This is classic grandiose narcissism. No wonder most narcissists are paranoid. It's just the other way that's not been recognized. That most paranoids are actually narcissists. Now, the secretary delusions. Paranoia technically is called persecretary delusion. Because it's a delusion of persecution. The secretary delusion lead to a behavior called hypervigilance. Hypervigilance is when I scan the room and I say I'm giving the most important lecture of this new century and this guy is blowing his nose. That's an insult. He's humiliating me. I'm just giving this an example. So a classic narcissist might think like this. He's scanning for disrespect, insults, attacks. So for example you tell me good morning. Tell me good evening. No, tell me good evening. Let's be realistic. Good evening. What do you think? I don't know it's evening.  I need to tell me it's evening. This is a hypervigilant reaction. And it's very often utterly ridiculous. As in this example. Good evening.  Can't believe some people. So this is paranoia persecretary delusions and hypervigilance. You can make use of it. You can make use of it by enhancing, not ameliorating, not reducing, but enhancing the narcissist's persecretary delusions and hypervigilance in various ways. So for example you remember the technique of deflection, decoy, where both of you hate the mother-in-law. So you can use this common enemy to enhance the paranoia and to enhance the hypervigilance. But for the higher the paranoia, the more the hypervigilance, the more the narcissist will need you as an ally. It will create what we call in French folia de. So both of you will be in this paranoid persecretary delusion and you will feed it and the narcissist will get closer and closer to you. This is very common in communities for example like the militias, paramilitary militias in the United States, in the Appalachian mountains and so on. It's common in some terrorist organizations, for example we have psychological studies of the Carlos terrorist organization in the 70s and Badr Meinhof and the Red Guards in Italy. And in all these there were women and men in cells so there are studies in Germany about the Meinhof. Some of the leaders were women and they used these techniques exactly to control highly narcissistic men. Same in the Manson family. So this is the technique I recommend if your narcissist is a serial killer or terrorist. And if not and you use this technique he will end up as one. Okay guys, what's left of you? I am open to questions.


Shipmates, Teresa, Bebou and I would like to wish you and your family the very best this holiday season. You are all members of our great Navy family, and we are proud of your selfless dedication and the outstanding job you do every day in keeping our Navy the best it's ever been. Thank you to all of our families for standing by your sailor and the wonderful service and support you provide our Navy and Nation.  Please stay safe and continue to look out for one another. Celebrate responsibly and stay vigilant if you're traveling. Be proud of your accomplishments this year, and I look forward to starting off 2013 with you as we continue on the path of excellence. From our family to yours, Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays, and I'll see you in the fleet. Thank you.


Hello everyone, once again I welcome you all to MSP lecture series on interpretative spectroscopy and I am sure you are all enjoying the interpretation of very interesting phosphorus compounds and also the metal complexes having several other NMR active nuclei. So let me continue with some of the molecules that I showed you in my last lecture. I showed you in my last lecture this molecule and then three spectra here and the first one we concluded that it is due to 31 PNMR and the splitting pattern also I showed you and just remember now we have another set of signals here in the second one. Second one if you just see 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are there that means 4 multiplets of 6 lines each and again in the last one also we have 6 lines and 4 multiplets are there each one having 6 lines, but the spacings are little bit different that means they are not due to the same nuclei they are due to the different nuclei. So just let us look into them now it is very clear that 31 PNMR spectrum can be interpreted in this way by writing this coupling tree here you can see first it is coupled with 3 fluid atoms to give a triplet and then each line is coupled with 15 N to give a doublet here and then each line of this doublets again split into doublet because of 2 bond hydrogen coupling something like this and then each line is coupled with 3 hydrogen atoms present on silicon to quadrate in 1 is to 3 is to 3 is to 1 ratio and if you count all of them we have totally 48 lines and that 48 length spectrum looks something like this the original 1 is to 2 is to 1 ratio what we saw here is retained here and then again if you see here this doublets are 1 is to 1 is to 1 that is also maintained here. So now let us look into 19 F NMR spectrum it looks little bit complicated, but it is not really. So then first of all we have to analyze how each multiplet has 6 lines here before that let us start looking into 19 F NMR assume it is 19 F NMR and at the end we can conclude about that one and if you take here if you consider 19 F NMR first that will be split into a doublet because of phosphorus coupling. So, this is the PF coupling here and next this is coupled with 2 bond 15 N that is again each one will be a doublet here this is F N coupling here this is F N coupling and then each signal of a fluorine is coupled with hydrogen to give another doublet here. So, this is your 3 F H coupling due to hydrogen that is present on nitrogen now we have to look into 1 2 3 4 bond coupling here. So, 4 bond coupling would be here so that would split each line into a quadrate because of the smaller spacings of F H with the magnitude of that one is much smaller what happens first 2 lines of the second signal and last 2 lines will merge as a result what happened the intensity of this will go up and then same thing happens in case of all the 4 signals here and you can see here they are merging little bit because of closer spacings and very marginal difference in their chemical shifts it can show now 1 2 3 4 5 6 are there, but intensity varies now as a result what happens it appears like a sextet in each case and then if the spectrum is given sometime often we get confused why sextet is there each line should have been a quadrate very similar to what we saw in case of phosphorus, but here it is sextet because these 2 are merging here. So, as a result we get something like this this is a typical 19 F NMR spectrum shown here. Now, let us look into 15 N NMR spectrum again we have 2 options are there whether which one is larger whether N H coupling is larger or P N coupling is larger let us assume P N coupling is larger getting some hint from the previous 31 P NMR spectrum we looked into first this N will be split into a doublet this is P N coupling here and then this will be coupled with hydrogen. So, something like this so, now if you just look into it now we have 6 lines are there each one that means there is no individual splitting is there that means basically 1 2 bond 1 2 bond. So, fluorines also 2 bond apart from 15 N and also silicon bond hydrogen atoms also 2 bond apart from 15 N that means totally if you assume the coupling constant is of same magnitude in case of both F N coupling as well as 2 bond N H coupling then we have to count together. So, we have 1 2 3 4 5 equivalent nuclei are there then if you just use 2 N I plus 1 rule here of course, all of them are with spin half when we have 5 of them half plus 1 it goes it gives 6 lines. So, each one should be a sextet so that means we have something like this 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 and the spacings are little bit different compared to what we saw in case of 19 F N M R. So, it is the spectrum should look something like this yes now we have the spectrum. So, very easy so that means basically the 3 spectra that is given are for 19 F and 31 P and 15 N. So, what is left is 1 H. So, 1 H I had left it for you people. So, you people try to sketch N M R spectrum of writing the coupling constant tree a splitting tree and then just see how it looks like and you can take about the couplings you can take hint from these 3 spectral data. Now, I have given another compound here this is cyclo-diphosphazene and cyclo-diphosphazene are 4 membered inorganic ring system saturated ring system with alternate arrangement of phosphorus and nitrogen with phosphorus in rivalant state and they can exist in cis and transforms cis is more stable kinetically more stable isomeric form conformation and then the nitrogen is planar here because of the 2 pi electrons interacting with the sigma star of phosphorus that we call it as negative hyper conjugation as a result what we have is 2 pi sigma star interaction because of that one nitrogen lone pairs are delocalized here as a result the P N has multiple bond character and hence this appears like a planar molecule having S P to hybridization nitrogen. So, when you react to this one with appropriate metal reagents either you can form binuclear bimetallic complexes or monometallic complexes, but it cannot kill it because of the planar structure, but it can only act as a bridged bident teteligant or if use one equivalent it can act as a monodent teteligant leaving either phosphorus uncoordinated we have one such case here rhodium chlorocard dimer when it is reacted with the two equivalents of cyclo-diphosphosine what we get is a mono substituted mono coordinated compound of this type here we have chord cycloctadiene is there. And now if you just look into it this is a typical AX spin system in case of 31P and now if you see this PX PX is directly attached to rhodium and first it will split into a doublet and then of course, each line can further split into a doublet because of P P coupling in that case what happens it will be the values are very small and it would appear something like this and whereas, P is coupled with PA is coupled with X to give a doublet and then it does not show in a rhodium coupling otherwise it would have split into a doublet of doublet here again you can see here that is rhodium phosphorus coupling of 229 hertz and then see whatever the coupling we anticipated is not there, but when you since we have one free phosphorus is there you can again coordinate that one with another heteroatom for example, when it is treated with AUCL SME 2 here this is reacted with AUCL SME 2 SME 2 is a very labile ligand and SME 2 goes off and then what you get is here AUCL is bound now again we have AX pin system both are coordinated earlier we have one free uncoordinated phosphorus now you can anticipate some set of P P coupling comes now P P coupling is coming here in the previous one we did not see now the P P coupling is r of 30 hertz that you can see here and also surprisingly now phosphorus is coordinated to gold it also shows rhodium coupling that is 3 J rhodium phosphorus coupling of 5.58 hertz and this one what we see here is due to the complete substitution of both the phosphorus with gold that means basically when this compound is treated with AUCL SME 2 apart from forming heteronuclear compound partly it has replaced rhodium also to form di gold complex that is what it indicates here some of this vital information you can extract when you look into NMR spectrum carefully so it gives much more than what you are looking for this is where the importance of spectral data comes into picture in understanding the reactivity and other things for example now if I start using excess of AUCL SME 2 probably I should be able to replace rhodium also to form a di gold complex in fact we have done that one in our laboratory sometime back so interpretation is easy and also we came to know that suddenly phosphorus phosphorus coupling is increased when both the phosphorus are coordinated and it is now very interesting to look into the electronic situation at both the phosphorus with some theoretical background or calculation DFT calculation and other things that might tell you why now P P coupling is very intense compared to the compound where only one phosphorus is was coordinated so this is for this one as I mentioned here so now one more interesting molecule is there again this is a rhodium chlorocarbonyl complex having phosphine immune ligand so one phosphorus is directly attached to rhodium and other nitrogen has phosphoryl azide is bound one so we have three phosphorus atoms are there now so that is like almost AMX spin system and in this one in first case where we have P this phosphorus here this is directly attached to rhodium so it can first couple to give a doublet and each line can be further split into a doublet because of this two bond P P coupling so this one you can assign for P here so this is the rhodium coupling here 1 j rhodium phosphorus coupling and this is 2 j P P coupling here and this is further so this is not showing any coupling with this one now if you look into this one it's a doublet of doublet this may be due to this one here this first couples with this one and then this is coupled with this one also it's a doublet of doublet here so this phosphorus doesn't show rhodium coupling whereas this one shows now only this one is left now this one only coupled with this one so it gives a simple doublet so that means now very nicely interpret the data and also check whether the compound is formed or not for example this ligand is taken when it's treated with half equivalent of rhodium chlorocarbonyl dimer so this is taken and then this is reacted with so this is two equivalents we had taken and then it gives the compound shown here this compound is shown here yes now we can conclude that this bond is broken and it is formed a mono rhodium compound in this case now we have another interesting molecule here this is a platinum compound of bisphosphine where it is a unsymmetrical bisphosphine one side it is OPPH2 other side it is NPPH2 and then if you look into the 31 PNMR spectrum of this one it shows two signals without any PPP coupling as they are 1 2 3 4 5 bond apart so that means it doesn't show when we make a compound with this one say platinum or something now through metal they can interact because through metal they are only two bond apart so if through the ligand framework they are 1 2 3 4 5 bond apart so when they are 4 or 5 bond apart it is less likely that they couple with each other instead they will show a singlet but on the other hand when a complex is formed what happens now they are coming closer through metal you can anticipate through metal coupling with this one it is a very nice example where the phosphorus phosphorus coupling is absent in the free ligand whereas when it forms a chelate complex now they are coming closer and they can show coupling here that means it also gives some idea about when such molecules are there how much the coupling one can anticipate that information comes directly from this one initially this free ligand shows one the two signals singlets and then when you make a platinum complex now both the phosphorus are coupled apart from coupling to platinum I have shown here you can see here pn bound one is shown here and whereas this is for p o bound one and then they are also showing the satellite as expected because this whatever the doublet is their major doublet this is for 66% 196 platinum i equals 0 and then the corresponding one is here and one is here this this coupling is 3933 hertz and this is 1j pt p coupling here and 1j pt p coupling is 3933 hertz and in case of p o it is 4066 hertz are there and then the pp coupling is 13.3 hertz here and this is a again interesting molecule here you can see the structure it is it has a puckered chelate ring you can see here now they are coupled through space one more example is there here just look into this molecule here this is a cationic complex we have three different type of phosphorus atoms are there and all of them are coupled with each other because they are all two bond apart so now again interpretation is also easy here just to keep you see here all are different so you have something like a m x spin system here this phosphorus couples with first this one trans and then it gives doublet of doublet and then similarly this one would couple with this one or this one doublet of doublet and this also couples with doublet of doublet because all are in different chemical environment is there you can see each one is showing a doublet of doublet a typical a m x spin system so in case of a m x spin system and also the field strength is very high it doesn't show any second order splitting here second-order splitting is invariably observed in case of one HRMR where we have two hydrogen atoms present on same carbon the geminal coupling will be seen the carbon is substituted with different groups on either side so now let us look into an interesting reaction here this ruthenium compound this ruthenium compound I'm sure you know the structure of it this is a tetrahedral molecule with ruthenium in plus 2 state you can also do electron counting for this one if you do by neutral method this is 8 plus 5 for CP group and this is for 1 and this is for 2 and this is for 2 this is a 18 electron complex 14 plus 16 plus 18 and this is by neutral method by ionic method also we shall do this ruthenium 8 means 6 are there and this is giving 6 electrons now and this is giving 2 electrons now and both of them are giving 2 electrons each this is 18 electron so this is the 18 electron system when it is reacted with this PNP ligand what happens we are getting lot of different type of compounds are there here for example you can see here when it is reacted it give a mixture of compounds here it give a mixture of compounds one is a chelated compound replacing two triphenyl phosphines whereas here it becomes a cationic complex here two PpH3 and Cl also has come out and then one chelation and one acting as a dangling monoid ligand in other one PpH3 is there and so all these three are formed here once all of the how do we know that all the three are formed simply by looking into the 31 PNM spectrum of the reaction mixture that reaction mixture also gives in what ratio these compounds are formed once we know that in what ratio these compounds are formed whether it is possible to prepare those compounds in pure form by varying the stoichiometry and varying the reaction condition for example if this you take this compound here and then ruthenium to chlorine bond is ionized that means if I use a polar solvent and you prolong the reaction it is likely that I can form a cationic compound something like this or if I use excess of phosphine this phosphine one can get like this but by controlling the stoichiometry if you use one is to one reaction in a polar solvent you can get this one that means this kind of vital information one can get simply by analyzing the spectrum of reaction mixture again using very simple 31 PNM spectroscopy so let me show you the spectrum for this molecule in my next lecture very interesting and also how did we come to conclusion about the spectrum analyzing this particular set of multiplets for this molecule that of course when we carried out individual reactions also separate reactions and isolated compounds we can conform and in some cases it's very simple whereas in this case it's very simple you should get a droplet and a triplet that is there and then in this case you can get a singlet and so there is no scope for any confusion but if there is scope for confusion of having similar pattern for two or more molecules then we have to separately make them and conform their chemical shifts okay let me discuss more about this one in my next lecture until then have an excellent time thank you so much


Hello and welcome to CMC Markets on Tuesday the 10th of March and the weekly market update. Now last week you may recall I talked about the potential for the S&P 500 to maybe start to turn lower. Was there a potential top in? Well we've certainly seen some evidence of that. The year the S&P 500 has started to track lower and it's largely been as a result of the very positive payrolls number that we saw last Friday. A total number of 295,000 new jobs added, much better than expected and the unemployment rate tracking lower. I think the reason it was such a surprise was I think that weekly jobless claims are now starting to show signs of pushing higher above the 300,000 level but that not withstanding wage growth also I think continues to remain a little bit weak. Yes it is edging higher but it's certainly not edging higher in a particularly aggressive way. So that being said the market didn't really worry too much about that it's pushed the dollar up and the flip side of that is it's pushed the S&P 500 through our support that we outlined last week at 2100 but it's also knocking the FTSE 100 lower as well. So what does this mean, this jobs number mean in the context of the potential for a US rate rise? More importantly, given the fact that ECB quantitative easing is starting this week, what does it mean for euro dollar? So I'll be looking I'll be looking at the S&P, I'll be looking at the FTSE 100, the UK 100 and I'll be looking at euro dollar and I'll also be looking at US 10 year treasuries because it does appear that yields are now starting to age higher in completely the opposite direction to German Bund yields where on the two year and the five year they're turning negative and on the 10 year German yields are currently around 0.26%. So let's start with our S&P chart. It's a four hour chart, it's the same chart as I showed you last week albeit with the addition of a couple of extra horizontal support and resistance lines. So we've broken through 2084 and we've also broken through 2067 as can be seen from that long horizontal line that I've drawn through the highs the end of January and through the middle of February and the beginning of March and now we're currently trending below that. Certainly there is potential now for us to track lower towards the lows at the beginning of February around about 2045. Now we could get a pullback, we could get a pullback all the way back to 2084 but that being said I think what we've seen here at the moment while the US dollar remains strong I think it's going to weigh particularly heavily on the S&P 500 until such times as we get some clarity from next week's FOMC rate meeting where all eyes will be on the language of the Fed statement. Will that keyword patience still be in the statement? If the keyword patience is still in the statement then be prepared for a quick pullback in the strength of the dollar. If it's taken out then we could well see further US dollar gains and that could well continue to weigh on equity markets. So we've looked at the S&P, let's move on to the FTSE 100 because it's a similar sort of story here. So if we look at a similar four-hour chart on the UK 100 it's a similar sort of story. We've broken below a very key support level that I've outlined here and have we completed a potential double top here? It certainly looks to be the case. We've got a couple of peaks at 6975 and we've got a base around about 6860. We've broken below that so we project downwards by the same amount of points which brings us to 6750. So while we're below the resistance which was support but is now resistance at 6860 then the potential for us to move lower over the course of the next few sessions is likely to remain the most likely scenario. Now I think what's important here is what's driving this and really it's all about rate expectations. It's about rate expectations but it's also about divergent monetary policy between the ECB, European Central Bank, the Federal Reserve and to a lesser extent the Bank of England. When you look at the UK 100, the FTSE 100, all the companies in that index report their profits and their earnings in dollars and sterling. Both the dollar and the pound are pushing to multi-year highs against the euro so essentially what's happening there is it's making it much that much more expensive in terms of profits and earnings for UK and US companies to remain competitive to a key export market which to all intents and purposes is Europe. And this is no better illustrated with this long-term euro-dollar chart that I'm showing you right now. It's a monthly chart and it shows you the all-time low on euro-dollar at 80 to 230 that we saw at the beginning of 2000 and the all-time highs at 160 to 230 which we saw in the middle of 2008. Now we've retraced more than 61.8 percent of that. We've traded below 112.50 and the next Fibonacci level depending on how you interpret them is either 76.4 or 78.6. Whichever way you slice and dice that particular number it's round about parity. So the next Fibonacci level for euro-dollar is round about parity but before we even start thinking about parity we also have to start looking at where the next support and resistance level is and it was 107.95 that is already given way and now it looks as if we could well be heading towards the March lows of 2003 around about 105. So that's really the next key support level. Now why is this happening? Well essentially it's because the gap in yields between 10-year US treasuries and 10-year bonds is at a record high and the last they've never been this far apart 188 basis points even when euro-dollar was at 82.30 yields weren't this far apart. So that suggests to me that potentially euro-dollar can go an awful lot lower particularly if monetary policy between the Fed and the ECB continue to diverge at their current rate. So we're not just talking parity we're talking 0.95, 0.9 you know how low can you go? Now these yield differences can be basically illustrated very very well on this Bloomberg chart that I've drawn up here and it's got a nice little green mountain range here and these green peaks essentially represent where the lowest levels in euro-dollar were at the end of the 90s in the beginning of the 90s and through the mid 2000s. Now you can see we're way beyond both those low points in euro-dollar we're way beyond that and I think that again that reinforces my point about the potential for further euro-dollar losses in the short to medium term. I think to really mitigate any further downside risk we need to get back above 112 and at the moment that doesn't seem very likely. So to sum up further dollar strength is likely to put further pressure on euro-dollar on the S&P and potentially the FTSE as well particularly if the pound also continues to gain against the euro. So that's it for this week once again thanks very much for listening this is Michael Houston talking to you from CMC Markets.


Print on Demand, a great way to capitalise on creativity and artistry, and also a low-risk way to selling custom products. Hey everyone, I'm Lara Dekker and welcome back to our YouTube channel. In this video, I'll be providing you with a complete beginner's guide to print-on-demand dropshipping. So stay tuned, quick intro, and let's go! So our first topic that we should be touching base on is what exactly is print-on-demand dropshipping and how does it work? Okay, so a print-on-demand business is basically a process where you work with suppliers of white label products. So before I go further, just remember that white label products are generic products that are mass manufactured and then customised slightly for various brands. Once we have found a white label product supplier, we're then able to customise these mass manufactured products and we're able to sell these customised products on a per order basis and our own branding with our own designs. So for example, we can put our logos on these items to signify that the products does in fact actually come from our brand. So another thing to keep in mind with POD dropshipping is that everything from when the sale happens to the designing of the product to the order-performing process to the shipment of the customer's product to your customers is handled directly by your supplier. So therefore, we as dropshippers aren't faced with problems like holding inventory, unsold items or buying in bulk because everything works on a per order basis directly through our supplier. So let's have a look at what some of the pros and cons are of print-on-demand dropshipping. The first pro being that it is very easy to start your own print-on-demand dropshipping business. A lot of print-on-demand suppliers take an interest in working with online sellers. These same suppliers provide you with very informative, straightforward guides and instructions to starting your own print-on-demand business. Also, keep in mind that you don't need a huge initial investment if you'd like to start out your first print-on-demand dropshipping business. The second pro would be to establish your brand. This print-on-demand is all of our customization. We have the opportunity to provide our customers with unique and creative products that they will highly value. So not only will our customers love their one-of-a-kind products, but as a dropshipper and being able to brand POD products, we actually increase our brand awareness which helps to scale our business amongst our competitors. The best pro of them all is the fact that there is no equipment required. Remember that you do not have to maintain inventory. Instead, our suppliers that we choose produce the products and ship them directly to our customers. So now that we know the pros, let's have a look at the cons. Our first con being limited control over product quality. Since we don't physically hold the product, we have little to none control over the quality of products that are being sent to our customers. So the only way to actually check and test the quality of these products is through digital samples or by purchasing a sample item. So this is the exact reason why it is very important to be working with reliable suppliers and do not worry, we'll be covering that in the next part of this video. Another con to POD dropshipping is longer production time. POD items do take longer to produce because they're made to order and because of this, there may possibly be delays in shipments, therefore it is vital to have open communication with both your suppliers and customers. OK, so now that we have an idea of what print on demand dropshipping is and how it works, let's jump straight to the five best print on demand dropshipping supplies and services that you should be using. Let's start with our first POD supplier, which is Printful. So Printful is one of the leading print on demand dropshipping suppliers in the markets. Now let's discover what are the best features that Printful has to offer for our POD stores. OK, so because Printful works with top brands, we are guaranteed premium products from this platform. Printful also utilizes advanced printing technologies and techniques to ensure long-lasting designs on the products that we source. So our customers are guaranteed a quality item with a quality print. Printful also has around the clock customer service. So not only does Printful address their client's concerns in a fast and efficient way, but they also cater for their customers worldwide through their global shipping services. Printful also integrates with popular e-commerce platforms such as Shopify, WooCommerce and they provide two subscription offers. We have a free plan at $0 per month and then we also have the Printful Pro plan at $49 per month. OK, so we've spoken about our first POD supplier, which is Printful. Now we're about to speak about our second POD supplier, which is Printify. Keep in mind that these are two separate POD suppliers. So Printify is a print on demand dropshipping supplier that sources tailor-made clothing, accessories and home items. So let's have a look at what some of the benefits are when working with this top POD supplier. When working with Printify, you can choose from over 500 top quality POD products to dropship. They also have the most prominent print network globally. This means that they are able to serve enormous amounts of demands from customers. Using Printify as your POD dropshipping supplier helps to scale your business both easily and quickly. Printify can also fulfill bulk demands during its peak holiday seasons. On top of all of these features, Printify offers low prices for their products. And because of that, we're able to offer our items at competitive prices. Lastly, Printify also offers subscription choices. So we have a free plan at $0 per month, a premium plan at $25 per month and enterprise at custom pricing. So our next POD dropshipping supplier is Lulu Direct. So Lulu Direct is a self-publishing service provider that prints and distributes both books and ebooks. So let's take a look at what the advantages are when working with this unique supplier. Lulu Direct provides excellent options for book customizations. This includes book sizes, binding types and the paper quality. So Lulu Direct also provides you with a pricing calculator which aids you in calculating product costs as well as shipping fees. They also offer you discounts when you order in bulk. Lulu Direct also works with several dropshipping and web hosting sites such as Shopify and WooCommerce. They also offer basic SMBs and corporate pricing plans from $50 to $100 to $150. And for those of you who are not familiar with the term SMBs, it stands for small to medium-sized businesses. Fourth on our top POD dropshipping suppliers list is SPOD. So let's have a look at their best features. So SPOD offers a 48-hour production guarantee for most products, which means that our customers will be able to receive their customized goods very quickly. SPOD also utilizes several printing methods such as digital direct, thermal sublimation and laser transfer. So SPOD is also powered by Spreadshirt, which is a global e-commerce company that sells personalized creations. I think the best thing about SPOD is that they take pride in their commitments to reduce their carbon footprints when offering print-on-demand services. They ensure no waste and make use of a sustainable production process. Last on our POD supplies list is Jetprints. So let's have a look at what advantages they have to offer. So when working with Jetprint as a POD supplier, you can choose from over 200 product ideas that is accessible through their websites. Jetprint also helps us design products with a more realistic effect with the help of its mock-up design generator. Jetprint also offers three days fast production lead time, which means shipping across the globe will probably take about seven days in most cases. Jetprint also ensures quality business by extending their 24-7 customer and technical supports. They also provide manual and automatic order processing features for drop shippers. OK, so we've taken a look at what is POD and how we can get started. We've taken a look at the pros and cons of POD. We've taken a look at the best POD suppliers to use. And now it's time to take a look at what are the best print-on-demand products to be selling. OK, let's start straight into action starting with our top product, which is T-shirts. Most clothes out there are seasonal, but when it comes to T-shirts, they are wearable regardless of what time of the year it is. Thus, running a print-on-demand T-shirt dropshipping business will bring you profits all year round. The nice thing about T-shirts is that you can provide various color options that fit various ticks or graphics, offering variations that suit both adults and kids will definitely entice your customers, especially if they're into those matching mommy and me or matching family outfits. Keep in mind that customers don't only look for the various color options that you have to offer, they also take into account the type of material that you use to make the shirts. Examples of this would just be cotton, linen, rayon, or polyester. Essentially, the type of material that you use to manufacture the shirts all goes down to the comfortability that the customer feels when wearing the shirts. You can also incorporate various T-shirt printing options, such as sublimation, screen, or heat press. A quick tip, always include the sizing chart on the product page so that customers are able to choose their correct size. Next up on our list of the best POD products to sell is... Mugs! This one right over here has my name, personalize, and customise on it. And this was given to me when I think I was about 6 or 7 years old, so it's pretty cool that I still have it now. As we all know, mugs are used by people every single day, therefore dropshipping this item will ensure sales all year round. Keep in mind that buyers have different drinking preferences, so it's best to offer these mugs in various sizes. So for example, you can sell variations ranging from small mugs or even espresso mugs to oversized ones. Keep in mind that mugs are made from various materials, so consider selling more than one type. Offering mugs that change colours or images when liquid temperature changes will definitely increase your profit potential. So next up on our list is tote bags, which is an excellent product idea because it's easy to design and it serves for many everyday purposes. So this is my tote bag, my Frida Kahlo tote bag, and it's very practical, has zips over here, and over here. Very spacious and I take it with me anywhere I go. So tote bags are made of canvas material, however you can provide other material options which I'm sure your customers will appreciate. Some customers also prefer waterproof or foldable bags, so remember to offer these options too. To maximise your customers options, provide them with tote bags in various colours and sizes. You can also offer your customers one-sided designs like this bag, or you can offer your customer two-sided designs so it would be the front and the back of the bag using appropriate printing techniques. Coming in at number four on our best POD products to sell list is all over hoodies. Now, unfortunately, I do not have an all over hoodie to show you, but I should probably hop into the trend because they've become super popular and trendy. You're able to sell two types of these all over hoodies. Type one would be a pullover and type two would be zipped. Remember to offer these all over print hoodies in various sizes that can cater for both adults and children. You can also provide unisex options as well as offer your customers the choice of customisation design to the hoodie. For example, adding pockets to the hoodie. Make sure to offer various material options as well as mixed material options such as cotton and polyester. Because the all over print hoodies is a print that's printed over the entire product, you can adjust your prices to suit the complexity of the designs. Coming in at number five for the best POD selling products is posters. So unfortunately, I do not have any radical posters. However, our video editor will do a great job in showing you some really awesome ones. If you're wanting to put life on blank walls, but you're not really keen to spend hefty amounts of money on paintings, then creative posters are definitely the way to go. These creative posters will radiate artistry, whether it be in private rooms or public spaces. Keep in mind that customers display posters in both indoor and outdoor areas. So ensure that you provide water resistance and creaseless material options for these posters. Of course, you need to include the various dimensions of posters to cater for the different spaces that these posters will be hung up in. Customers also have different design preferences, so we have to make sure that we provide a variety of minimalist options along with colorful design options. Another superb addition to our best selling POD products would be socks. Just like t-shirts, socks are everyday essentials. Socks may be a low cost product, but selling socks with many design options to choose from, boy, oh boy, that can get you way ahead of the competition. These socks design choices can range anywhere from simple techs to full graphics. They can also be made available as printed or embroidered options. Make sure that you offer various types of socks in your POD store. This can include toe cover socks, quarter socks, high knee socks, secret socks. Just make sure that there are various types to cater for everyone's different needs. Another way to add value to socks as a product is by considering special features like heated socks or odab-absorbing socks. Coming in at number seven is face masks. It's no surprise that face masks have made it onto the best POD selling products. It's quite crucial to sell over-the-top designs for these face masks. Why?  Keep in mind that the unique designs of the face mask should be suitable for everyday wear as well as special occasions. Don't forget to include different sizes of the mask that cater for all customers, ages and genders. To attract more customers, you can offer these face masks as an add-on to the product that the customer would like to purchase. It's just another great way to upsell. Up next on our top POD dropshipping products list are stickers. Stickers are more than simple art materials. They can also serve as labels and sealers. When selling stickers, consider offering your customers various material options suitable for different printing techniques. Some of the most popular materials include vinyl, polyester and satin. Also, mats, glossy and clear sticker types are available for unique designs. Remember to offer these stickers in various sizes and shapes. I mean, you can even be extra by adding waterproof or heat-resistant stickers. For stickers that come in smaller sizes, we can sell sets of them within one packaging to maximize our sales. Because phones have become an essential commodity, selling phone cases can lead to high-sale conversions. We can print one-of-a-kind designs on plastic, metal, rubber, leather or silicone phone cases. We can also provide customers with design options other than just simple text or graphics. For example, a 3D water glider phone case. And just to show you, this is my phone case. OK, so now that we have an idea of what top POD dropshipping products we should be selling, let's briefly take a look at how you're able to start your own print-on-demand dropshipping business. Don't forget that you're able to read up on all this information as well as the steps needed to start your own POD dropshipping business via our blog, which is linked in the YouTube description of this video. Right, let's dive straight into the steps that you need to take in order to start your own POD dropshipping business. The first and most crucial step is to find your niche. Choosing a distinct niche ensures that your business will stand out amongst the competition. Remember, in order to discover all the potential products that we can sell, we need to do product research. And we're able to do product research by utilizing any of these proven methods. Find out the best sellers via your suppliers' websites. You can do this by searching for top sellers and positive product reviews. The second method would be to research your selling channel. We can find profitable niches by exploring the trends on our selling channels. The third method would be Autodesk product research system. Using this method, you're able to search for millions of products online. You can also get product suggestions with excellent market analytics, such as sales performance. Step two would be to find a POD service provider. When choosing our POD dropshipping suppliers, we need to look out for the following features. Is the POD supply dropshipping friendly? Do they offer a diverse product catalog for our customers to choose from? Are they able to turn our custom designs into high quality products? What is the minimum order quantity requirement? Does the supplier offer optimal customer support? Do they address concerns and queries timely and efficiently? Do they provide tracking updates? Are there positive customer reviews left under the product page? And are their return policies clear and practical enough to eliminate misunderstandings with customers? These are all the vital things we need to consider when choosing a POD dropshipping supplier. Step three would be to select a selling channel. Picking the right selling channel is crucial to the success of our business. These channels are where our customers search and purchase our products. Therefore, they must provide an outstanding shopping experience to customers. Some of the best selling channels include Shopify, eBay, Wix and Facebook Marketplace. Be on the lookout for the following features when choosing a selling channel. Does the selling channel deliver substantial traffic? How many customers are on the selling channel platform daily? Does the selling channel enable product research? Are you able to optimise your product listings? Does the selling channel allow store customisation? It's not only important for your store to be user friendly, but it's also important for it to look good. Does the selling channel support business automation? And does the selling channel provide flexible subscription plans? Not everybody is able to afford the most expensive subscription plan. If you're wanting to find out more about selling channels, make sure to check out the link in the description of this video. It will take you straight through to our blog page where you'll be able to see this article and all the necessary steps needed in order to start your own POD dropshipping business. Step four would be creating unique designs for your customers. And here are some of the ways that you're able to do that. Search for trending POD products. And you're able to do this by conducting market research. Number two, art source freelancers. You can outsource the designs you'd like to offer by hiring freelancers. You can do this through the website called Fiverr. Option three would be to buy design templates. You can buy design templates from reliable websites. The website Creative Markets is an idea. Step five would be to market our items using the right marketing strategies. Here are some of the effective marketing methods that you can utilize. Facebook ads, influencer marketing, email marketing, and of course a blog. If you have a look at the pinned comment in the comments section below, you'll see that I've linked an article that explains and covers everything you need to know about the various marketing techniques that you should be using for your dropshipping store. And for step number six, we're able to finally start selling our POD dropshipping products to our customers. Before you start selling to the public, it is vital to test sample the products from your POD dropshipping supplier. Also, remember with any venture, success takes time. So be patient. Lastly, do not forget that your business is a continuous work in progress. Make sure to continuously optimize your business and stay up to date with trending products in the markets. So that you're able to add it to your POD dropshipping store. And there we have it, folks. This brings us to the end of the print on demand dropshipping video. If you appreciated the value of this information, please leave a like and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel so that you can stay up to date with what's trending in the dropshipping scene. I wish you all the best with your print on demand dropshipping business. Let me know in the comments section below if you'll be starting your print on demand dropshipping business. And for those of you who already have a POD dropshipping business, let me know in the comments section how it's going. For now, I'm about to enjoy my coffee and my customized mug. As for you guys, I'll see you in the next video. Happy sales, dropshippers!


Let me explain how this rain garden works. Step one, runoff from the street enters the rain garden from up here through this opening where it fills this first vegetated chamber. After this top chamber is filled with runoff, the vegetation slows and infiltrates that runoff. When this chamber becomes full, there's a weir here, as you can see, which is simply a slot that allows the water to flow into this bottom chamber if necessary. When both of these rain gardens chambers are filled with runoff, the excess water, if there is any, flows into this drain that's connected with a normal subterranean stormwater drainage system.


Hey guys, welcome to SSUnitech, so we'll decide and today we are going to see about the append variable activity. So what is the append variable activity and where we can use that to use the append variable activity to add a value to an existing array variable defines in the data factory or snaps analytics pipeline. So for example, here we will be having a object type variable and that variable mainly contain the arrays and if we want to append the values on that variable. So for that we have to use the append variable activity. So for example, let's assume we are having a blob storage and under the blob storage we are having the files like we are having total six or seven files. So as per the requirement, we have one more variable and that is the array type variable. So we just want to keep the file names from the blob storage and adding in the array type variable with the comma separated values like the one, two, three, all these from there. And after that, we want to see those file names from that array. So this is the actual requirement. So go to the Azure blob storage and where we will see the files first. So we are under the SSU testing under the input container. And here we can see all these files. So we just want to keep the file names in a variable and how we can do that. So for that, go to the Azure data factory. And here before going to start, if you haven't watched the get metadata activity and funds activity, then I would strongly recommend to watch those videos because we are going to use the get metadata activity and for each activity in this video. So let me try to add a new pipeline and let me call this pipeline as append variable activity. Now here, first we need to use the get metadata activity. So under the get metadata activity, we need to go under this input folder. So here, go to the settings and under the data set, let me click on new. And this is the Azure blob storage. So let me click on the Azure blob storage. The file which is the delimited text. So click on continue. Here we can see the link service. So we have already created the link service, but here I am going to create a new one. So click on new, everything is there. Let me select the subscription. Then the storage account that is SSE testing and click on create. So that's it. Your link service will be created. And here we can see the file path. So we need to go here and under this input folder, let me click on OK. And here let me click on OK again. Now, so which property of the get metadata we need to use. So we can see the file list. Let me click on new. And in the argument we need to get the child items. So child items will be the file names which is available under this blob. Now, so if we can debug it, so it will be going to get all the child items from that input folder. So we can check the output of this. So here we can see the child items which is the name of the file, then the type. Then again we can see all those files there. Now let me close this. Now we need to use the for each activity. So for each activity we will be going to go through one by one with all these files. Now, before going to do anything in the for each activity, let me declare two variables. The first variable that is the file list and the type that should be the array type. Let me add one more variable. So this variable for the file name and this will be the string type. So that's it. Now we are going to use these two variables under the for each activity. Now here we can see the for each activity go to the settings and under the items. So we want to go through one by one on the child items of the get metadata activity. So we can see this one. So we can select and click on OK. Now here we can see the activities. So what we need to do under the for each activity. So first we want to use the append variable activity. So we can drag and drop the append variable activity here and go to the variable site. Here we can see the file list because we have declared two variables but in the dropdown we can see only one. Here it is fetching the variable which is the array type only. So that is the file list. In the values we need to get it from the output of the for each. So we can select that one and after that we can use the name from this item. Let me click on OK. So it will be adding one by one under this file list variable. Now let me try to debug it. So it will be executing. So here get metadata activities in progress. Now the append variable is executing. So here we can see the append variables so one two three and six times. So total six times append variable activity has been appended the variable. First it is the EMP.txt. In the second time it is adding item.txt and going forward it is adding one by one. How we can see all those in a single place. So go to the activity again. And after this append variable activity we have already seen the set variable activity. So let me use the set variable activity here and let me connect with this append variable. So in this set variable we want to set under the file name and the values. So these values should be coming from this file list. Let me click on OK. Now let me try to debug it again. So this time it will be going to execute and under the file name variable will be seeing all those. So here it got fade. So let me check the error. So it is saying the file name of the type string cannot be initiated the update of the array. So it is saying the variable which we have declared the file name which should be the array type that should not be the string type. So let me change it and debug it again. So it will be executing again and here we can check the output. So everything is executed. Here we can see the set variable. So here we can see all those values like EMP pay so total six files was in the source. So we can see all those six file here. So I hope guys you have clear understanding about the append variable. So thank you so much for watching this video. If you really like this video please subscribe our channel to get many more videos. Don't forget to press the bell icon to get the notification of our newly uploaded videos. See you in the next video.


This study used a novel ultra-high resolution device to assess optical aberrations in patients with curaticanus and healthy individuals. It found that curaticanus patients had lower ocular aberrations than controls, but higher wavefront aberrations. Additionally, it discovered that curaticanus patients display the distinctive banding pattern on the high-pass filter map, which may be indicative of disease progression. This article was authored by Gonzalo Valade-Rodriguez, Carolina Beldepara, Miriam Velasco-Oconno, and others.