Aloha. My name is John Kanching, and welcome to another episode of Hospitality Hawaii, where I have the privilege of speaking to leaders, executives from all different fields of our very diverse hospitality and visitor industry. Every two weeks, we have 30 minutes to gain insight, ideas, comments, suggestions, discuss concerns about what's happening in our industry. We also give our guests the opportunity to talk about their companies, their products, their enterprises, and to share what's going on and their own personal feelings about the industry. The objective is to provide different perspective, different points of view, and to provide information to those not only working in the industry, but also those are outside the industry. So it gives me tremendous pleasure and is a privilege to introduce our guests today. And they're all volunteer leaders who are giving their personal time to helping to educate and provide information to not only our current team members involved in the industry, but also to help nurture and develop future leaders in the hospitality industry. So I'd like to introduce the team from the Hospitality Sales and Marketing Association, the Hawaii chapter. First we have Mari Kam Aipa, who's the current president. And then we have Dan Waxman, who's the vice president of education.  So welcome all three, and thank you for making the time to join me. Pleasure. Mahalo, John. Okay. So before we get started with Mari, who will share information about what HSMAI and the Hawaii chapter is, just some personal thoughts about HSMAI that has been around for quite a while. I've always thought that education is the key to developing good, solid sales and marketing executives. And I know that through the years HSMAI has expanded from just going from the sales and marketing side to also the revenue management and also the e-commerce and marketing side as well. So many of us have worked with large corporations that have their own training programs, but many, many of our team members and workers who haven't worked with large companies just don't have that structure for good, ongoing education. And this is where I've always felt that HSMAI, both the Hawaii chapter and the national chapter, has been a great resource to help fill that void. So Mari, maybe you can share a little bit about HSMAI and what some of the things that you're doing here locally. Sure. I'm happy to do that. Hi. And thanks again, John, for having us on today to share a little bit more about HSMAI. Just as you had mentioned, our association is the leading global association for sales, marketing and revenue management professionals, really representing all statements of the hospitality industry and our partners. With more than 7,000 members worldwide, our association has really become the industry champion in identifying and communicating trends in the hospitality industry while also operating as a leading voice for hospitality sales, marketing and revenue management disciplines. As a member, individuals gain access to our global and local network, weekly tools, insights and trends, as well as discipline specific education and globally recognized certifications in revenue and marketing and also business acumen. Locally our Hawaii chapter meets monthly, providing really, if I do say so myself, some really outstanding educational and networking opportunities that are relevant not only to each discipline, but also to the local industry in general. Hey, Mari, thanks for that introduction. Can you share a little bit about your background? How you got started in the industry and what's your current goal? Sure. So currently I am the complex director of online marketing for the Kyolya-owned Marriott properties in Waikiki. So Sheraton Waikiki, Royal Hawaiian, Monastery Rider and Sheraton Princess Kailani. I actually started in F&B in the industry. Back when I was an undergraduate student, and you may remember this restaurant, actually it's no longer there, but I used to work at the Shorebird as a host. When I was in college, I had done a semester in Japan, come back, really wanted to keep up with my language skills and so they hired me because they were looking for, they needed at least one person on their staff who could speak Japanese. So I started there and later went into marketing in PR and other industries and I just loved, always loved to travel and I really loved food and I was really convinced actually that I wanted to start my own restaurant. So decided to go back to school. I went to Cornell Hotel School and got my master in management in the hospitality industry there. And then after when I was there, decided I just want to eat food and I don't want to actually run a restaurant. So anyway, long story short, after working in D.C. for a little while, I made my way all the way back home. I had the opportunity to work for Holly Kalani's corporate offices and help with their digital marketing initiatives and then have been with Merit Waikiki most recently. That's a great story, Mari. And I didn't know that as well. So I mean, that's actually perfect of what we want for the show. You know, because we don't necessarily need the and want all the high, high level executives that make all these major decisions, but we want to learn how people get started and how they work their way up to the role that you are. You obviously hold a very important role for major, major hotels. So how do you get involved with HSMAI to begin with? You know, quite honestly, I got involved as a student when I was at Cornell. That was my first exposure to it. And it's nice actually that that was my experience, I have to say, now looking back because we do also have a student chapter locally that we work with, that UH and recently in Maui, too. So it's a great way for students to get really exposed to our industry, especially here in Hawaii, just showing them how wonderful the industry really is. And then the networking opportunities that are available to them as students are just really invaluable as well. Great. All right, Dan, you're up next. So, you know, and I noticed when I was introducing everyone, everyone, both Mari and Susan had their middle name. So I guess you're Dan Taniala Waxman. I'll go with that. All right, tell us about yourself, Dan. You know, I know you're a long time Outrigger executive, but tell us a little bit about that, how you got in the industry and what are you doing now? Sure, sure. So like she said, I was with Outrigger for over a decade. I left about three years ago. So my role in Outrigger, I was Senior Vice President of Marketing and Distribution. I left Outrigger about three years ago. I had the great idea of starting my own business. Didn't realize a pandemic was going to happen. I started in the middle of that, but it went well. My focus in my business is marketing, distribution and technology, which fits in very well with HSMAI. I spent about a decade or so in Asia, doing different sort of travel businesses and getting involved in technology and distribution there. I got my, actually got my start, although as you might not be able to tell from my accent, I am not originally from Hawaii, although this is not my first time in Hawaii. I actually got my start in Hawaii. Maybe people who are old enough might remember that little kiosk across the street from the Hawaii Convention Center. Do you recall that, John, that little kiosk that sold cheap tickets? Yeah, yeah, I do. That's the corner where the ABC store is, right? That's right. They knocked it down for the vendor when it was coming there soon. But so I got my start at that company, Cheap Tickets, back in the late 90s. They were a call center-based business. Everybody thought the business was that little box. They used to say, well, those people work in that little box, but we actually had five call centers and over 600 employees. And I got my start as a trainer, training people on the call center side. Now, who was the founder of that? The name is on my tip of my tongue when he sold it to Mike Hartley. That's right. He made a ton of money selling it to one company. Yeah, he sold it to the send-in. He went, the best timing in the world, Mike, a great guy and a great family. But he sold, he went public right at the peak of the internet boom. And he sold right before 9-11. Best timing in the world. So he had a great run of it. So I was there, got my start there. And we actually put it in. So we were just a call center-based business. We put a web front end on it and exploded. And then I became kind of the web guy from then on. And I've been involved some degree in travel, web, travel technology ever since. Great. Great story. So what is your engagement with HSMAI? And how'd you first get started? Part of being a member and then picking a leadership role and a voluntary role? Yeah, so I actually started on the national. I didn't get involved in the chapter until really last year. I was involved at the national level for a bunch of years. I actually was the chair of the marketing advisory board for a couple of years. And I just found it to be such a fantastic organization. Early on, you mentioned that we're all volunteers. So none of us get paid for this. This is just volunteer work. And I think we do it for a couple of reasons. And Mari and Susan can tell me if they agree. But number one is we love the industry and we want to give back, right? We want to help and just get people interested, help people get educated, help people network. That's the altruistic motive. And then the selfish motive is it's a great organization to meet people, to network with people, to get educated, to learn. I know I used to joke with people on the national level that I literally live on an island. So I don't have a lot of information. So I want to get off that island and learn more. And one good way to get off our island, both literally and figuratively, is to meet people outside, right? Outside of our organization, outside of our geography. And, you know, find out, are we doing the right things? Are there other things we can learn from other organizations and other people? And that's made the huge benefit of the organization. So Dan, I mean, before we move over to Susan, you know, obviously, as I mentioned before, the organization was just sales and marketing executives, right? And now obviously the progression is revenue management and marketing distribution and so forth. Can you talk a little bit about that progression? Probably over the last, maybe five to seven, maybe 10 years. And maybe what you see in the future, like, you know, is the focus more on sales or is it on technology and revenue optimization in a lot of different ways? And maybe it'll always be a combination of both. But I'd love to hear your thoughts on that. Yeah, well, my answer is going to be just that all of the above, right? I mean, I think what you're seeing is a convergence of the three, because they're not separated anymore. When I first came to Outrigger, we had the marketing team and we had the digital team, right? That doesn't exist in most organizations anymore. Marketing is digital, right? It's not, there's no separation between the two. And sales is becoming more and more digital. You can't run a sales department without having effective digital tools and the ability to understand and implement those. So there's lots of crossover. So, you know, there's a convergence. They're all still extremely important. You see a lot of organizations now have changed their structures. They have, you know, they have chief commercial officers or chief revenue officers now. Instead of having, you know, necessarily a CMO, a revenue person, you have somebody who understands all of the disciplines and can figure out how to converge them because they don't work very well in silos. Great. Yeah, no, no, it is very interesting. And, you know, as we look at all the different job postings that come above and then the companies that are reorganizing their system structure, you know, I mean, you know, when you look at the former Sheridan Starwood organization, it seemed like they always went from individual properties having their own director of sales and marketing to clustering and then every five, six, seven, 10 years, it go back the other way around. And now you're seeing organizations that just have their director of sales just focusing on groups and they have their revenue or marketing distribution people doing all the FIT and transient business and they have a focused marketing person as well. So it actually is really, really interesting the progression. And I think it probably adds more employment opportunities for the young people because, you know, things aren't as all in one anymore. I mean, now you've really got specialties. Just to add to that really is this, again, we're here to talk about HSNAI, one of the plugs that I have for HSNAI is they help you learn about the other's discipline, right? So if you're revenue management and you want to learn about digital marketing, there's a class you can take and a certification you can take. If you're a marketer and you want to learn about sales, same thing, right? So you can sort of cross-pollinate and get that information. In fact, again, shameless plug here, but I teach a class for HSNAI called the Hotel Digital Marketing Essentials class. And what we do there is we help people understand the basics of hotel digital marketing so they can speak the language and understand it and work better with their colleagues. Right. And there's a similar revenue management one as well and a sales one as well. All right, thanks, Dan. Hey, we've actually got a great question, but before I bring up that question, definitely want to introduce Susan Kauwe-Kohler, who is the immediate past president and she's, I think, been the immediate past president for the last five years or so. But Susan, welcome and tell us a little bit about yourself, how you got started, what you're currently doing and what your focus is on with HSNAI. Sure, well, I, as a local girl, I did go to school on mainland in Denver and I had my start in Southern California with Sheraton, was with Hilton for many years before I finally made it home. And with the MC Suites White Kiki Beachwalk and then transitioned over to the Westin, the Moana Surfrider, which became part of Marriott and currently I am still with Marriott on the North Shore. So for me, certainly I've seen the evolution of sales marketing with revenue management as a discipline and also digital marketing come along and it's really been enlightening and appreciate what HSNAI has done on being able to participate in that evolution. I got involved in HSNAI in Southern California but really, just as a member, I really got engaged when I came back to Hawaii, never worked in the islands. It was my way to be able to network and build my network here locally as well as to take advantage of the resources and also develop. So joining the board was pretty early on but it gave me exactly what I was looking for and that was to be able to certainly spread my web and get to know a lot of people in the industry and while doing so be able to really foster the commitment to some of these other disciplines because I always believe in my background of sales. I always believe that a salesperson really needs to understand these other disciplines in order to be successful. As Dan had mentioned, it's important to understand they're all integrated and they are. If you try to be too siloed, you will be left out and so for me going from a larger property now to a smaller property even more so that certainly in a smaller property you're wearing a lot more hats and it's really good to be able to have an understanding of all of these different facets. So what are you focusing on in your volunteer work with HSNAI? Well, I am currently as past president certainly I get to choose what I would like to do which is great but one of the things that I am involved in is in the upcoming golf tournament. Certainly in order to and membership and in order to really continue the efforts of this great organization it is about supporting our members, increasing membership, providing the resources and certainly the programming and also to provide some sponsorship for our students too because you talk about future leaders this is a perfect opportunity that we're able to help with that. So the organization also subsidizes the students that participate in the student chapter. In order to continue the efforts that this chapter has made over the past year where so many of our members were actually impacted it certainly was the industry that was impacted the most with the pandemic. In fact a really good statistic to understand is 75% of our board members actually were directly impacted either furloughed or their positions eliminated whatever may have happened we did lose the number of members, board members who happened to lead the industry all together but the positive is we actually brought on seven new board members individuals who are really energized and interested in wanting to give back as well. So in our efforts certainly and in order to support our members as well as non-members we've been providing some great education and in order to do that we also have been looking for sponsors. So the upcoming golf tournament is twofold certainly is to continue that effort but also to benefit the Hawaii Food Bank. And so on July 23rd we're hosting the 11th annual golf tournament for HSMai Hawaii at the Hawaii Prince Golf Club and there are many ways to get involved. Certainly we would love for you to come out and participate as a team come out and have some fun but also you can participate as a sponsor you can also volunteer or donate a prize for our silent auction or raffles. There has been such a wonderful response and I do think that our members are so eager to get out be able to network again and come out and just have a great day. So yeah we invite you all to come on and join us. All right so Susan you brought up a good point right so so yes the probably the hospitality in the visitor industry was the one most affected and probably for the longest period of time too as hotels are still coming back and you know I know a lot of the hotels in San Francisco and New York are just opening up now this week or if they're even open. So what did the national do? Was there anything any support from the national with respect to membership? So you know as you know executives were furloughed especially the sales and marketing and all the other you know categories that members fall in were furloughed and or even laid off. Was there any concessions that are being made to keep the membership or is it just we'll just kind of wait to see when the economy picks up and then we'll pick up from there. Actually there's no doubt that a lot of individuals lost memberships because of the fact that either they were furloughed or there were budget cuts. The national organization really stepped in to help and whether it was to offer some very special membership pricing discounts or even subsidies. Some of the group they actually also provided grants to those individuals that wanted to continue their education or gain certifications. So it was a really wonderful show of support from our national chapter for all of our members worldwide. But here locally it was about providing education at no charge. You know continuing to engage our members and provide education so that they could stay you know sharp in their knowledge. But it was also a way to stay connected and we really felt that people needed that. It was important because a lot of us were separated right. And what is probably one of the biggest successes for this chapter this past year is the fact that we were able to expand to the neighbor islands. So this virtual platform has provided us to increase our memberships on Maui and the Big Island and also include them in our programming as well. Well you know it's interesting right now as more of the hotels and companies whether it's airlines or transportation or attractions are starting to reopen or they're reopened and businesses getting back to close to pre pandemic levels. People are starting to get hired back.  So it bodes well for membership growth for HSMAI. You know I will say though you know just from experience maybe just as a thought you know and I don't know and I'm sure you've done that but it's the people who control the purse trains right. It's the directors of finance and it's the general managers who are the ones that really need to be sold on it especially now during this time when they're looking to keep overhead expenses as low as possible. Maybe that's an opportunity for all of you to do a concerted effort against the general managers to make sure that they keep the membership funding going or at least they you know it might be a way to attract the members. But anyway let's go to a question. We actually had a question from from someone who's viewing and the question reads there is a lot of debate now amongst the politicians regarding whether we now have too many tourists. Now obviously this is this is specifically HSMAI related. Is there a future for the sales and marketing in the tourism industry if the powers that be decide that they want to discriminate or disincentivize tourism arrivals? It goes somewhat to the discussion that that I brought up a little bit earlier before the show about instead of the HTA being a tourist tourism marketing organization to being a tourism management organization. So who wants to comment on that? Ann? When I first moved to Hawaii I think the the the count of tourists was about five or six million. I think in our peak we're about 10 million. So certainly there needs to be better management of tourism all right and then how we approach it. But I think sort of taking this snapshot in time of this post COVID you know what people are calling revenge travel is probably a mistake right. What we're having is this this this weird dynamic of an influx of tourism which by the way is still lower than normal right. But it doesn't appear that way to people because things like restaurants are 75% but with six feet distancing. So it feels like it's much more crowded. People just got used to having nobody on the roads anymore and now we have people again. So you know we have this rush and we we're the one you know international place for people to go now. Of course we're not international but you need to get on a plane a flyover notion to get to us. They can't go anywhere else really right the limited to it. So we've got that boost as well. So again I think taking a snapshot in time and saying things are really bad now is is a wrong perspective. We have to take a sort of a look at how it's going to unfold. And I think a lot of people might not be as happy when all the other destinations open up. Everything is back open 100% and we're still at lower than you know 2019 occupancy levels because this is our tax base. This is our employment base. So those are things that you know absolutely need to be considered. I just think people need to look at what's happening now. As a really short term issue over the long term it's going to you know it still needs to be managed but it's not going to be what it appears it is now. Yeah I completely agree with you that is that you know once Europe's open which it has recently right France Italy Greece some of the other European countries have opened up once they open up fully. Once Canada opens up and once Japan and Korea and all the other Asian countries open up which they will eventually I guess once they feel comfortable with the level of vaccinations they have within their own countries and all of a sudden you're absolutely right. People have more of an option of where to go and then you know what what happens to our September October November and will the first quarter of 2022 be as strong as what people suggest that they might be right now. So so you know I don't know my my my response to that viewer who asked the question is that absolutely you know there might even be more of an emphasis on sales and marketing as more destinations open up and things kind of get back to normal globally where we're again fighting for our market share for the most part we're as you mentioned and we're the only one of the only game in town. So so yes once things open up I think the emphasis and the importance of having trained educated optimal working experience sales and marketing professionals is going to be even greater than ever. Any comment Mari or Susan to that. I agree and I and I think you know and kind of just bringing it back to just me I what we talked about you know we talked about the different verticals and silos but really looking for opportunities where we can all work together collaboratively not only the hotels but with our partners and the industry and in the community to make it something that can still be successful for us both as professionals and also as residents of the community. All right Mari we actually have we are running out of time so as the current president of the Hawaii chapter of HSMAI how would you like to leave the viewers with what what messages and last comments would you like to leave. No I just want to thank you again actually John for the opportunity to come here and share with you just everything about HSMAI you know as you've heard from each of our individual stories which are so different yet so alike in how they relate to HSMAI and what we've been able to benefit just personally and professionally from it. I think that that's what keeps us engaged as volunteers and keeps us going we really just want to provide value for the industry. So we really hope that if you're not already involved with HSMAI there are so many opportunities to get involved like we said with our upcoming golf tournament or even we typically do monthly event so information about that is coming up soon as well. So reach out to us on social by email and yeah we look forward to seeing people in person again and getting together. Great great closing comments Mari. Again Mari, Susan, Dan thank you very much for your time. You've been watching the latest episode of Hospitality of Hawaii. My name is John Conching and I am privileged to be able to every two weeks bring individuals like the three of them here today to share their thoughts ideas and opinions about our visitor industry. So until next time Aloha and have a great afternoon.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards. We've been one box of 21-22 Panini select basketball hobby for Sam A. So good luck here, Sam. See what we got in here for you, man. Hey, young. Got Franz Wagner. 40 out of 199. There you go, Sam. Congrats, man. Nice Franz RPI. I like this one. Unstoppable Levine. Alphan Shengun. Alphan Shengun on the tri-color. Chris Fall. Franz Rookie. Nimi's Keita. Clay, that's a Devante Graham. Red to 175. Jalen Suggs. I would say pretty good. I would order it. If you want to rip a three-and-two, I'd order it pretty much right now, though, one. But, yeah, I should be able to get to it. Nicola Vusevich. That's an easy one on the silver. Evan Mobley, Quartzside Rookie. Yeah, I should be able to get to that. No problem. Nothing super base-heavy. You got a green coming up here. Come on, baby. Robert Williams. Tramon Green Green on the Quartzside. There you go, Sam. I was just laughing because it was Tramon Green and the color was green. So Tramon Green Green. Nice one there. Congrats, Sam. And Isaeli. Kyle Kuzma. Lori Markinen. 92 out of 299. Zach Levine. It's looking, I believe, for two more hits as well. Silver Moses Moody. Trey Young, Quartzside. Yeah, pretty solid box so far, definitely. We got a hit in here. Duarte Rookie. Kai Jones. We've got Mitchell Robinson. 89 out of 99 on the Purple Jersey. Game used for the Knicks. Got Zyre Williams. Red, 2199. And Bradley Bill. Gary Irving. Trey Mann Rookie. Jalen Suggs Rookie. That's Steph Curry on the Tri-Color. And Dearon Sharp. Two to go here. Good luck here, Sam. That is Usman Garuba, 21 out of 49 on the Bronze. Rookie Jersey for the Rockets. Got Silver Santee Aldema and Lamella. Kamengo Rookie. Jaden Springer. Deontay Murray. It's a Silver KD. And an Eric Ledzo. That'll do it for your break there. Sam, congrats on the hits, buddy. We'll get them right out to you. I do appreciate it, as always.


And yes, we're celebrating 100 years, we'll be in there, so the first human EEG was recorded by Hans Berger back in 1924, so we're celebrating that next year. By the way, the mold pans, we're currently doing only alpha, beta, theta, but there's also a gamma, which is pretty much anything above 32 Hertz, and also mu between 8 and 12. It's the same as alpha. Is it like filtered differently or something? I don't know. But yeah, alpha, beta, delta, theta should be a good start.


Good morning comrades. Those of you who know me might be wondering why I'm so dowally dressed today. Well the thing is I've been reading a lot about the Queen and she's been in the news quite a lot in the past two weeks and the poor woman is is really quite unwell. She's had to take two weeks off work and I've really been hoping that she will die in time for my talk. So just in case there's still time you know I've got about another 40 minutes I'll keep an eye on my phone until I did to dress all in black today you know just as a mark of respect in case our dear monarch should pass. So fingers crossed everyone. I did check just now and apparently Boris Johnson spoke to her yesterday and she's doing well. She's working at home from her desk. Now when your job entirely consists of shaking people's hands I'm not sure how you can do that from a desk but you know she's a hard-working lady. I'm sure she will find a way. But anyone who's grown up in this country will be familiar with the story that we're told about the monarchy. It's a very familiar fairytale you know the story goes that the monarchy is nothing more than a ceremonial role in modern society that the Queen is just a powerless figurehead a lovely figurehead but one without any power who represents kind of thousands of years of wonderful British tradition and exists to unite the nation. So you know things like the Queen's speech, state-opening a parliament all of that we're told is just harmless pompery you know it's the equivalent of a shiny ornament atop the wonderful Christmas tree that is British democracy and the British state. It's just there to look nice but it doesn't actually affect how the country is run after all we're a democracy and the people make the decisions and of course the Queen is a very lovely lady who works very hard and this is the same story that the royal family themselves put forward so if you were to look on the Queen's website yes she has a website I have looked at it it gives the following explanation of the role of the monarchy it says the monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom. In a monarchy a king or Queen is head of state the British monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy this means that while the sovereign is head of state the ability to make and pass legislation resides within elected parliament although the sovereign no longer has a political or executive role he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation. As a head of state the monarch undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over 1,000 years of history. In addition to these state duties the monarch has a less formal role as a head of the nation the sovereign acts as a focus for national identity unity and pride gives a sense of stability and continuity and officially recognizes success and excellence and it supports the idea of voluntary service so I think we can agree you know the Queen is doing a really excellent job Britain is a wonderfully stable country under her leadership you know no one's been queuing for petrol there hasn't been running out of food in the shops and I feel a really strong sense of pride that a gang of Nazi sympathizing racist pedophiles stand at the head of this country. Of course I'm joking but I think we can see from these you know recent scandals that Georgina referred to all the way back really actually to the to the death of Princess Diana to the recent revelations of Meghan Markle and the abuse allegations leveled against Prince Andrew we've been afforded a kind of a glimpse at the rotten stench that lies at the heart of this institution and I think the sinister truth about the monarchy can't be further from from the myth and the lies that are peddled by the ruling class so in this talk I will try to explain why the monarchy is actually an important reserve of power for the bourgeoisie it's a tool that has been purposely maintained as a counter-revolutionary weapon that will undoubtedly be deployed by the ruling class in their fight against the working class and their fight against socialism so it's elementary really that any consistent democrat let alone a revolutionary socialist such as ourselves should stand firmly for the immediate abolition of this rotten relic but I think in order to understand the role of the monarchy we actually have to look back at its history and chase its development as a modern institution so there being kings or queens in this country that we to take all Britain in one form or another since even before the Roman conquest in 55 BC when Julius Caesar defeated King Cantor-Venny but despite the propaganda that the monarchy puts forward that's over a thousand years old etc the institution that we know today really dates from 1688 and what's called the Glorious Revolution this happened when James II the last Stuart King was unceremoniously kicked out and replaced by the Dutch adventurer William of Orange but as we'll come to learn this this sordid palace coup was neither glorious nor was it a revolution in fact 46 years earlier there'd been a genuine revolution in England in what historians prefer to refer to as the English Civil War the young English bourgeoisie had come into conflict with the absolutist monarchy of Charles I which was standing in the way of the further development of capitalism it become a fetter on the growth and profits of the young English capitalist caste and as such came into a conflict with the with the majority in Parliament representing the English bourgeoisie and the city of London and so they mobilized an army to fight against the king events got out of hand it stirred up the masses as all revolutions do the independence and then the levelers and the diggers represented the democratic and socialist aspirations of the masses and this inspired the ranks of the new model army which was organized by Cromwell along modern lines which made it a highly effective fighting unit and secured the inevitable victory of the parliamentarian forces against the king which culminated in the trial and then execution by beheading of Charles I for treason but after the beheading of this hated tyrant how come we ended up back with a with a monarchy today back with a king on the throne it's very similar to a process we see in lots of revolutions you know in in the french revolution they got rid of their monarchy in fact the monarchy was reinstalled in France too for a period but also you know they ended up with with Napoleon and the restoration of lots of aspects of feudalism and what happens in these bourgeois revolutions is the bourgeois carry a revolution they use the masses to carry out their revolution and when the power is secure they turn against them you know just as Cromwell went on to liquidate the levelers after the revolution and fearing the revolution has gone too far that it's whipped up the masses too much they support a political counter revolution while maintaining the new capitalist relations that have been established by the revolution and the overthrow of feudalism and so after Cromwell's death the fearful english bourgeoisie did a deal with the land of aristocracy agreeing to the return of the monarchy and they installed Charles II Charles versus son at its head but they invited him to become king on the on the condition that there would be no return to absolutism in other words they wanted to maintain the political and economic gains that the bourgeoisie had secured through the revolution and continue to rule through parliament with the king as a simple figurehead but Charles II had very different ideas and immediately began concentrating power into his hands going so far as to attack the bourgeois strongholds in the city of london and other town corporations by revoking their royal charters and purging their governing body of wigs which was the the forerunner of the liberal party and would the main political representative of the english bourgeoisie at the time and packing them with royalist Tories and even for the last four years of his reign Charles II ruled without parliament having dismissed it in 1681 his heir James II continued this campaign of concentrating power in the monarchy's hands and it's culminated in a judicial ruling around him being able to appoint Catholics to position the power that basically transformed parliament into a mere sleeping partner in the constitution in effect the ruling said that the parliament could pass whatever laws it liked but it was up to the king whether they were enforced and this was basically the final straw for the bourgeoisie everything that they had gained through the revolution through the war against Charles I was under threat and actually united the Tories and the wigs in resistance to to the crown they issued an invitation to William of Orange who was a dutch guy who'd married one of James's daughters I think he was technically sixth in line to the throne and they said please come over and invade Britain and get rid of this tyrant which he which he duly did was rewarded as becoming king of England but this was basically a grubby palace coup but we like to call it you know in history the glorious revolution but having handed William the crown the wigs and Tories remained united in an effort to limit the power of the monarchy or any future monarchy could hold and this resulted in a so-called declaration of rights but the rights in question weren't the rights of ordinary people against the state or ordinary people against the monarchy they were the rights of the bourgeoisie against the crown they were the rights of the bourgeoisie against the feudal aristocracy and this is the foundation of the the constitutional monarchy that we have today and there's a very popular myth that you know throughout history the monarchy has always been very popular that you know actually the the king was brought back because we couldn't cope without a king and Cromwell was such an evil man so we had to bring the monarchy back because you know British peasants just didn't know what to do without a king sitting on a throne but actually at this time the monarchy was extremely unpopular and the next hundred and fifty years were full of kind of scandals and upheavals and it was only actually towards the end of of Queen Victoria's reign in the beginning of the 20th century that the ruling class took steps to rebuild the the monarchy as the institution we know it today so they lavished huge sums of money on on spectacles such as Victoria's Golden Jubilee in 1887 and a lot of the present day kind of like ceremonial pantomimes like the changing of the guard you know the the royal opening, state opening of parliament you know all that stuff with the the shaky of the mace etc you know we think of these as ancient British traditions lots of these were actually invented during the reign of of Queen Victoria as an attempt to kind of build up the monarchy and the consciousness of the masses and this isn't a coincidence it actually flowed from the political needs of the bourgeoisie at the time because during this period you know after pressure from below after pressure from the ruling class there was a gradual opening up of the electoral franchise in Britain the total registered electorate in the United Kingdom grew from 5.7 million people in 1885 to 21 million in 1918 but if the ruling class were going to allow the great unwashed the masses say in how the country was run they needed a guarantee against things getting out of hand against them having too much of a say and turning against the bourgeoisie so then once again they turned back to the monarchy is that a guarantee and the reasons for this are very clearly set out in a marvelous book by Walter Baghott which he wrote in 1865 called The English Constitution and it's really it's very much an astounding read because he clearly you know he was writing for people of his own class and it probably didn't even into into his head that it was possible for a working person to ever read his book and therefore he was remarkably frank and honest you know it was basically a manual for the bourgeoisie about how the British state was run and how it functioned and so important is Baghott's book that actually generations of British monarchs have been instructed to read it as part of their education on how they rule so I've never watched it but if you do season one of the crown apparently has a scene in which the young Elizabeth is read aloud from Baghott's book by her tutor so according to Baghott England has two sets of institutions there's what he refers to as the dignified institutions which are there to impress the many and then the efficient ones that are there to govern the many and the main dignified institution is the monarchy and he explained that it played an essential role in winning and sustaining the loyalty and the confidence of the masses of ordinary people helping the state to gain authority and legitimacy his message was very clear you know the masses don't understand politics they can't be really trusted to vote the right way but since they conquered the right to vote the ruling class had to devise a royal pantomime to distract them while the the real exercise of power is kept firmly in hands of the bourgeoisie so he writes it should be evident that the monarch does no wrong he should not be brought too closely to real measurement he should be a loof and solitary as the functions of the English royalty are for the most part latent it fulfills this condition it seems to order but it never seems to struggle it is commonly hidden like a mystery and sometimes paraded like a pageant but neither case is contentious the nation is divided into parties and we would say the nation is divided into classes that he means the same thing but the crown is of no party its apparent separation from business is that which removes it both from enmities and from desecration which preserves its mystery which enables it to combine the affection of conflicting parties to be a visible symbol of unity to all of those so imperfectly educated as to need a symbol so as he notes the powers of the monarchy are latent and that means in normal times normal times of constitutional rule the monarchy seems to have no real power and purposefully maintains a visage of innocuousness and mere ceremony but should the establishment require it in times of crisis the monarchy can legally assume almost unlimited powers so it's more than a feudal anachronism it's more than just a a pantomime for the people of Britain it's actually a reserve weapon in the hands of the ruling class because behind the curtain behind all these stories that we're told we should never forget that it's her majesty's government it's her majesty's loyal opposition it's her majesty's civil service it's her majesty's armed forces it's her majesty's inspectorate of constabulary to which all the police forces in the country are accountable the election of a government itself in britain is dependent on the monarch to call on her majesty's prime minister to form a government and any legislation that is passed in this country requires the queen's approval through the royal assent process before it can come law in essence the monarchy is actually constitutionally the source of all power in the british government and these powers aren't just theoretical as we're told the queen has exercised and many times herself throughout her reign for example there's the the little known process called queen's consent which was revealed last year and it's a convention whereby ministers and parliament allow the monarch to exercise consultative and veto powers over laws affecting the monarchy's interests so previously secret documents have disclosed that the queen has vetted more than a thousand parliamentary bills during her reign and in fact used the procedure to secretly lobby for some laws to be altered to benefit her private interests so for example she used the procedure to instruct government ministers to change a 1970s transparency law in order to conceal her private wealth from the public the same procedure actually applies to to to to prince charles and he's used that procedure hundreds of times throughout the last few decades to protect his interests the interests of the duchy of cornwall for example amending laws to prevent tenants on his land from being able to buy their property for example and this this is just the tip of the iceberg so for example when when the queen paroled parliament in 2019 she actually revealed that she is an unelected head of state has the power to side with a minority in parliament and bypass the scrutiny of britain's elected representatives against the wishes of the parliamentary majority you know if you cast your mind back to that time it feels like a long time ago lots has happened since you know Boris Johnson couldn't get his Brexit deal through parliament there was a deadlock the the majority of of MPs were against the government and so to solve this he merely asked the queen to suspend parliament to side with a minority in our democratically elected institutions against the wishes of a majority and she was perfectly capable and constitutionally able to do so and at the time it was reported that the queen was furious about this because really it revealed her her true power and there was a fear on behalf of the monarchy that it could undermine her support and drag her into politics particularly the politics of brexit when of course she is is meant to remain and appear to be a loof in an independent of politics and that's because these powers are meant to remain hidden they're meant to remain a secret they're meant to be held back and used as a last resort by the bourgeoisie against democratically elected governments that threaten their interests that threaten their profits that's why the queen's powers include being able to dismiss dismiss elected governments from office and this is no theoretical power it was this very power was used in a constitutional crisis in australia to remove the elected labor government of gal wittlem in 1975 now wittlem and the labor party had had won an election in 1972 a landslide election after 23 years of liberal party rule the liberals being the australian equivalent of the torries the party of the bourgeoisie the party of the ruling class on the basis of promising substantial reforms and unlike most left-reformists in history wittlem actually started to deliver parts of his program under pressure from the australian working class his government introduced free higher education they increased health spending they withdrew australian troops from vietnam and they introduced equal pay rights for women and granted the first aboriginal land rights in the history of australia but soon after the 1973 oil crisis signaled the end of the post-war boom and it plunged economies the world over into recession the australian bourgeoisie like the ruling class around the world wanted to make the workers pay for the crisis and they demanded the overturn of wittlem's reforms as well as huge public spending cuts it sounds like a familiar story doesn't it it sounds like the story of the past 10 years of Tory rule but it wasn't so much the labour government that the ruling class in australia feared but the organised workers that laid behind them so in 1974 in response to the crisis a huge strike wave had erupted across australia with workers walking out to protect their jobs and interests to put pressure on the government to maintain their reforms and this is what really terrified the the australian ruling class you know the the organised workers exercising their power and this strike wave was threatening you know to grow even further so the bosses wanted the removal of wittlem and they wanted a strong government they could rely on to crush the workers movement to instep the queen liberals manufactured a constitutional crisis in the senate by blocking the labour government's budget and the queen's representative governor general sir john kerr stepped in to remove wittlem and commissioned the leader of the opposition malcom Fraser of the liberal party to act as a caretaker prime minister so this is a piece of history that's not really you know discussed it's not really taught anywhere and in no uncertain terms this was a coup it was a coup carried out by the queen at the behest of the australian bourgeoisie against the democratically elected government and it was a perfectly legal coup it was a perfectly constitutional uh uh uh coup where a government that had been elected by the vast majority of australians to represent their interests was removed at the queen because the representation of the interests of the working class threatened the interests of of the bourgeoisie and that's no small thing and i think we should learn from this incident now you might say that that was australia but of course we have a very similar system of government we have the same constitutional arrangements and the queen plays exactly the same role in the british state she does in fact pay in the canadian and australian states it demonstrates clearly and unequivocally that the queen's powers aren't just theoretical and that the bourgeoisie are fully prepared to deploy them should their interests be sufficiently threatened um the queen not only has the power to to dismiss and appoint governments constitutionally she also has the power to suspend parliament and rule through what's called the privy council is an organ of state that's not often referred to because you know they prefer it to remain uh in in the shadows um until a national emergency requires the the green light to show its real face so according to to a h hansson and malkin malls um experts in the in the british constitution they wrote in their book governing britain there are even some who still think of the monarch as the ultimate guardian of the constitution equipped with powers which although normally dormant might be revived in circumstances of a serious constitutional crisis or incipient revolution so there you have it from the mouths of the bourgeoisie themselves the the queen's powers are usually dormant but we keep them there just in case there's a revolution because she might come in useful um so over many hundreds of years the bourgeoisie have come to realize that democracy was their preferred form of government under capitalism and that's not because they have any faith or belief in democracy in fact they're very contemptuous of democracy but it's because they've discovered it's cheaper it's more efficient it's more reliable um than some totalitarian model where you have to rely on an individual who uh you know could pursue their own interests um against the interests of uh of the ruling class and of course the illusion of uh of control the illusion of uh of of democracy helps to keep the masses in check helps to give them an illusion that they have a say over how their lives are run but should democracy ever produce an outcome that genuinely threatens the interests of the ruling class they have absolutely no qualms in doing away with this and we've seen this many times throughout history you know we've seen it in coups throughout latin america and the middle east usually instituted at the behest of of american and british imperialism but we should have absolutely no illusions in the british ruling class um if it came down to it if they were threatened uh with the socialist revolution in this country they would willingly establish a military dictatorship to prevent that revolution and the monarchy would be absolutely central uh to this by using its reserve powers to uphold the constitution for example what would have happened if corbin had been elected do you remember there were there were threats uh from a number of uh shadowy army generals who said if corbin was elected uh the army would step in and carry out a coup and these were you know widely reported uh in newspaper presses and it's not difficult to imagine a scenario you know had had corbin been elected if he'd refused to back down uh to the demands of the bourgeoisie who inevitably would have stepped in to try and prevent corbin from carrying out uh his program it's not a difficult to imagine a scenario where they manufacture a national crisis you know through a strike of capital or or or some other means and invite the queen to step in uh and save the country and now some people might think that such a scenario uh is far fetched you know a bit of uh you know what happened if corbin had won the 27 election fan fiction uh surely such a thing couldn't actually happen uh in in a wonderful democratic country uh like britain in britain where a coup has been seriously discussed uh um uh by the representatives of of big business uh and the military in the last 50 years and that's in 1968 1974 uh and 1979 coincidentally all years in which a labour government uh was in power well obviously not so much uh coincidence so the most famous of these is in 1968 where there were plans to launch a coup uh in britain uh in which a military regime under lord mount batten uh would be established so lord mount batten was part of the royal family he was the uncle of of everyone's uh favorite racist prince philip um he was the chief of defense staff uh until 1965 when his opposition to wilson's labour government uh uh led to his retirement now at this time very similar to australia in the 70s britain was facing a serious economic crisis there was industrial unrest there was the devaluation of uh the pound there was a great dissatisfaction in the ruling class you could feel the decline of british capitalism they could feel their their influence slipping away on a world scale uh even the head of the cia's counterintelligence unit had told ma5 that wilson uh was a secret uh soviet agent and it's it's a fact of history uh you know you can read it in the memoirs of people who were involved uh at the time it's not uh an invention it's a fact of history that a real coup uh plan was hatched uh at this time to overthrow uh the wilson government it involved uh sesal king who was the chairman of the mirror group who writes very candidly about this in his his autobiography and uh the director of the bank of england alongside uh lord mount batten and the only reason that the coup failed at the time was because the queen was not prepared to use her reserve powers they felt that the time wasn't right the balance of forces uh in society would have led to a massive backlash which would have undermined the monarchy and discredited any future role um that's because these powers really have to be held back as a as a means of last resort and as bakeholt wrote uh describing these powers he said the secret prerogative that being the prerogative to to dismiss democratically elected governments is an anomaly perhaps the greatest of anomalies that secrecy however is essential to the utility of english royalty as it now is above all things our royalty is to be reverenced and if you begin to poke about of it you cannot reverence it you must not let daylight in upon the magic we must not bring the queen into the combat of politics or she will cease to be reverenced by all combatants she will become one combatant combatant amongst uh many um what bakeholt is saying here is that you know the what are you saying two things one that uh the queen's powers can only be used as a means of absolute last resort and until this time they have to be shrouded in mystery they have to be hidden uh from the view of public and he's also saying that if these powers are used it's essential that the monarchy commands the respect the majority of the population uh that's why the ruling class puts so much effort into building up uh uh the monarchy by you know spinning this web of lies and these myths of uh of of how wonderful uh the queen is how wonderful the monarchy is how we should all respect her and appreciate the hard work um that she does uh for the nation and it's why the ruling class are in fact so concerned about the scandals that have wrought uh the royal family in recent years because the open conflicts uh the splits and the rules we've seen within the royal family openly paraded across the pages of the tabloid press um have served to seriously undermine uh the monarchy for the for example the revelations of of harry and megan and not just tissel tattle they have a serious impact you know you may wonder why uh why marxists we uh you know are interested in the in the revelations of uh you know these super wealthy and privileged individuals you know talking about how hard their lives are on uh on uh opal winfrey's um show but actually you know they they do play an important role in society um you know lifting the lid on what goes on uh uh behind the scenes showing the reality uh of of the royal family and of course i'm sure as you all know one of the most disgusting revolution revelations uh included the came uh by megan that won royal um who we don't know who it is but i think we can probably all guess had expressed to harry concerns and conversations about how dark their skin uh their son's skin might be uh when he was born um you know for the crime of having a child that was mixed race the royal family took their revenge uh uh by denying him the title of prince and the concomitant prince police protection and megan claimed her general treatment at the time was uh was such that it pushed her to the point feeling suicidal and the picture the couple were presented uh of the family was one of a mean duplicitous racist and vengeful clique the head of a feudal relic that was unwilling and unable to reform itself now who could have faith in such a rotten institution but unfortunately for the royals unfortunately for the ruling class the scandals keep coming you know a few weeks ago uh as georgina mentioned it was revealed that the metropolitan police would take no action over the allegations against prince andrew it's obvious that it's one rule for them and one rule for the rest of us the court case against him however in in the states is is pressing on with andrew now having to accept that he's been served papers by a us court official apparently this followed multiple attempts to avoid being served apparently just turning up at royal palaces uh so you know knocking the doors it's prince andrew there i'd like to serve him a papers accusing him of of being a rapist and a pedophile no sorry prince andrew isn't in today he can't he can't accept that accusation uh but eventually somehow they did uh did serve the papers on him and the queen is actually allegedly paying millions from her private funds to pay prince andrew's legal fees how disgusting is that the queen who is kept in these palaces attacked payers expense is using millions of pounds to defend her son uh from facing the court allegations of raping a young woman it's absolutely disgusting and criminal of course her funds are probably ultimately leached off the public purse in any case and press reports also say that prince william uh who's obviously next in there to the throwing off to prince charles now considers prince andrew to be a danger to the monarchy uh you know they want to keep him hidden from public and apparently they've had they've had a big meeting and they're like prince andrew we're just going to lock him in a cupboard somewhere and pretend he doesn't exist i think this gets to the heart of what's what's this all about you know they have no interest uh injustice they have no interest in in in in uh finding out the truth they want to keep the scandals hidden away under lock and key uh in order to protect the monarchy uh but how long is it till the truth comes out so the monarchy have always been a gang of corrupt parasites but the difference is that now all their scandals and degeneracy uh well probably not all of them you know i'm sure there's there's many more disgusting things that we don't know about yet uh are on display uh for people uh to see in any genuine working class party uh any genuine organization that that represented the interests of of working people in this country would stand for their wholesale overthrow instead sir kias dama sir kias dama lavishes praise uh on the queen and apparently the royal family according to him is a beacon of hope uh for millions i feel very hopeful but in contrast to this obsequiousness to this cowardly position of the labor leaders we must be absolutely crystal clear and un apologetic in our view of the monarchy we demand its total and complete abolition we want to open up their palaces expose their sordid deeds to the public uh for to see and we would nationalize their obscene wealth and put it to use and solving the problems of society and that wealth really is uh obscene and sunday times estimated the queen has a personal net worth of 330 million but the royal family collectively as an institution is worth an estimated 88 billion dollars uh by forbs how many hungry children could we feed uh with that money how many homeless people could we house how many hospitals uh could we build yet despite this enormous wealth uh the estimated total annual cost of the monarchy uh to the public purse is 334 million um around eight times the the official figure that the the royal family uh uh published this is the money that we pay that working people pay through their taxes for the privilege of the ruling class maintaining a reserve weapon to use against us uh should we ever dare to rise up and seriously threaten uh their interests so it's clear you know anybody who actually uh you know consistently believes uh in in democracy anyone who believes in a in a truly democratic state should also believe in the overthrow uh the abolition of the monarchy the abolition of uh of the house of lords of course we don't just believe in that we stand for the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and that has to include the monarchy and all its other rotten institutions but in our work um uh in the labor movement our work of building forces of of marxism we need to be absolutely clear of the real role that the monarchy plays it is a weapon in the hands of the ruling class uh that will be used against uh the labor movement that will be used against the uh the workers of britain um as we struggle uh for our interests and we need to disarm the ruling class of its weapons we need to smash those weapons in the process of of taking power uh into our own hands of overthrowing capitalism setting about the genuine transformation of society for completing the task that the bourgeoisie themselves started uh in the english civil war uh the task that was carried to its end uh by cormwell in beheading the king uh the task of overthrowing the monarchy and setting about the trans socialist transformation of britain and the world


Ausbillahi Minash Shaitaanir Rajeev, Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem. Today's topic is financial statement analysis and let's see first of all the learning outcomes. Students will be able to assess the performance of a firm in context of its stated goals. That is the important thing. What for you are doing this analysis? That's important. The goal you want to achieve and the strategy. The value of firm is determined by its profitability and growth. Learn how to make interpretations with industry averages, budgeted forecasts or inter-company financials. Determine the relations between the financial comparison. First of all the objectives. The objective of financial analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of firms, policies of operating management, investment management, financial decisions, dividend policy. So the basic purpose is out of these four or five areas. So we must see which area we want to give more attention. The term accounting ratio is used to describe significant relations between figures shown in the balance sheet in profitable last account and sometime in cash flow statement also. A ratio is a statical yard stick by means of which relation between two or more figures can be compared or measured. Not necessarily there are two figures only to be compared. Sometimes we add on one, two, three and then we come up with the figures. Ratio can be found out by dividing one number by another number. Ratio shows the relation that the number one number bears to the other. This relationship can be expressed in terms of percentages, fractions, days or index. The ratio analysis is one of the most powerful tools of financial management. It helps in planning, forecasting. Ratio can assist management in basic function of forecasting, planning, coordination, control and communication. These are the four basic functions of management. So the ratio generally helps us out to see which function is doing properly. It helps in investment decision in case of investors, lending decisions in case of a bankers. So there are a number of stakeholders. So we see how those stakeholders will be satisfied whatever work you are doing. So for ratio analysis are concerned. Ratio is an effective instrument which when properly used is useful for assess important characteristics of business like liquidity number one, solvency number two, efficiency number three and profitability number four. Not necessarily in this order. No, no, not. It can be profitability, liquidity, efficiency and financial analysis. There is no limit actually. So that's how it is. But we have to focus on liquidity, solvency, efficiency and profitability. In the process of evaluating the extent to which a company accounting reflects economic reality, it includes evaluation of company accounting. That is a very important thing. How the accounting is being done in the company. Quality, there should be no accounting distortion. It's not like you are taking some other policy this year, taking some other policy this year. So whatever accounts you make, they don't become compatible. That's why you have to be very careful that there shouldn't be any distortion in this. The performance of company is also very much affected by the change in the economy. It happens. For example, if you look at both the courts, you can see what is happening with businesses. So you can't compare a court year with the last year. Definitely there is a difference. Top management should not expect miracles from the managers. In the revival of economy or revival of the company, it is a collective efforts. From all individual, they should be sincere, honest, committed, contended, competent and server. All these qualities should be there in all the employees, all the workers attached to that particular organization.  So it's not that you can do it just like that. You have to really work very hard to get the things done in a proper way. Thank you very much.


Alright, so how many of you have done the homework? Or at least attempted it? I don't care whether it is. Attempted as in have you attempted more than 30 questions? More than 20? Okay, fine. See the, for you to at least struggle little bit so that you again prefer back to the nodes and then during that process of struggling with the question you learn a lot of things. So those who have actually attempted the entire assignment do you think that you have learned something? Right, so now that learning will stay with you. So it is very easy to make fun of people who have done the assignment. It is very easy to do that. It doesn't be a genius to make fun of anything. In fact it takes a fool to make fun of somebody who is working a little hard. So you can afford to do that right now but you will slowly understand that as you progress into the next and next grade you know I have seen many times people who are in class 11th and 12th they are not able to solve the simplest of the questions. What happens because they have ignored the learning in 9th and 10th. I am not saying that you will not get marks. Getting marks in 9th and 10th it is very easy because these kind of questions I have given you will not be asked in the exam as such. But I am preparing you for the competition to come in 11th and 12th. So take it seriously for your own sake. If you do a little bit hard work right now you will say a lot of I mean you will not have to do extreme hard work in 11th and 12th. It will be very easy going for you. If you do not by the time you go to 11th you will see that many of your peers have gone ahead and then you intend to give up that you don't have time or you are getting frustrated. So again one more thing I wanted to tell you is that till now we are in a mode of always scoring above 90% or at least above 80%. So we tend to expect that whatever I do I should get more than 90% or 80% whatever. But do you guys know that for example J-Main's results have come. People who score 50-60% marks their ranks are around 4-5,000 out of 20 lakh. And those people who are scoring 80% in J advance they are topping the exam. They are all in rank 1. And if you are scoring 60% in J advance you will be probably 2100 regularly getting into the IITs. So why I am in a pressure of getting everything correct whatever I do you tend to ignore the kind of learning you will be having. So I should get each and every question right and if I am not getting right then something is wrong with me and you start getting. A lot of pressure will pile up in you. So do not pressurize yourself. What I told attempted. Did I say that because this is the first time you are attempting something which is slightly indirect. We are used to of having questions like that for example distance is 2 meter, time taken is 1 second, what is the speed. And do you learn anything solving those kind of questions hundreds and tons of those type of questions you will not learn anything. So that is why expose yourself to these kind of questions it will really make a difference. Maybe not now but definitely when you go to higher standards you will be far ahead of your peers. And you will be lot more relaxed also later on because you have already learned the tricks whatever it takes. So again I am repeating do not pressurize and if you are not understanding if you are not able to solve a particular question something is wrong. You know you start putting lot of pressure you start getting frustrated need not be. These questions are not meant to be solved completely 100% nobody will be able to do it at your stage. So I will continue with this chapter. So last class we had some quiz sort of thing. So all of them are sitting together or they are mixed up now. So today's class we will be solving numericals and we will be taking some standard theoretical questions that can be asked in your school exams. So since we are taking numericals we will be taking it gradually from the base level we will go up to the high level questions. So before we even start that let us first understand what kind of numericals can be asked. What are things can be asked. In this chapter in the motion what is causing the motion. High can be asked but this is very important the way he said height may be asked. Now in that question it will not be directly raised. So you have a story the question may not be done something like this might be there. So you have in that story yes or no that should be when you look at it like this you write in every next step. Do not just read the particular question and straight away jump into problem solving. So this is very important step and the answer. Tell me the question. Okay then we will get into the equation. What? A is equal to? Okay so shardha. Shardhuli. Okay shardhuli has acceleration formula. What is the average final velocity minus initial velocity divided by delta t whatever delta t final velocity this is average. Okay so your object is moving in a straight line write this down the motion in a straight line only this is true. That is not in your syllabus right now in our syllabus. Okay can you tell me what is the average acceleration? Okay now here is something very important is coming up. You have to assume direction you know for example sense yes or no. So these minus of 2 there is minus 2. So throughout the chapter remember this will be after you. And time taken is simple okay. A to B acceleration t square then p square equal to u square plus 2 as then equal to u plus a t. Now these are very important these three equations are extremely important alright. They are relating the future with the present what is happening fine. So you have your question okay which is not proper displacement and then substituting here to get the time fine. So do not ask when it need not be what will stop you is understanding the question and writing the variables fine. So when that will go away in whatever revision we have done for this chapter. That is the numerical then you may apply the wrong equation but I am answering it. This one between the motion in opposite directions that is it. See the graph now if I tell you that this is the graph this is x and this is t. Can you tell me a method to find the velocity using this graph all of you method. So can you tell me a method to find the velocity. No as I you tell right. So how you this divided by that is your answer. You can find the velocity using x t graph. In the second time we do not want the time. Time is this distance this length this much length. And acceleration graph for x t. All of you please attempt it. What is x? x is actually i. This is not possible. Why? You are trying to find it. Okay so some of you have very some of you have like this. This one starts from this one. Okay right so you can look at now. You can see the steepness is decreasing. And then steepness is going on. Okay so this is x t graph and acceleration. Straight line should increase. What? It is velocity. It is velocity but it is not the path okay. What is the job going on? Come here and share with everyone. Okay so next time you try a job in the middle of the class. Share it with everyone. In a way there is a change in the object and then starts moving with acceleration. Does this it means get the direction.