All right, we're in stomach land. Now I'm going to show you some of the unique characteristics of the stomach. First of all, this is probably the most significant, although sometimes it's hard to find all three layers. There are three layers. Oops, I forgot my little trick. There are three layers of muscularis externa, and you'll see them right here. One, two, three. I couldn't, for the life of me, explain to you how these fibers are moving through this structure. I've got this way, I've got that way, and then I've got like me, way. But regardless, they're moving a different way, and they call them oblique fibers. I just don't have a sense. My spatial challenge meant doesn't let me understand that. So, um, luminal to muscularis externa, we've got our submucosa, and you can usually not much significant in the submucosa, but usually muscularis mucosi is also well-defined in the stomach. So this is all part of the mucosa. Muscularis mucosi is usually easier to find in the stomach than other places. So that's another thing that I kind of, sort of focus in on. Another really significant and sort of obvious characteristic that you'll notice, it isn't super obvious right here, but in the lamina propria, there are a lot of glands in the stomach. So the reason why is even though these sort of, don't they kind of look like villi? They're not villi. Take a look, villi stick out like this. They're little finger-like projections that extend out. The lamina propria is down here, and the fingers can float around in the mush and gush and do their absorbing. This, look at my surface. My surface is not wispy and wavy with finger-like projections. My surface is actually flat with holes in it. These things right here, these are gah. Why does it do that? I don't know. These are actually gastric glands, and the glands are down in the lamina propria. They're producing substances. I'm going to show you a picture of a gland and talk to you a little bit about what they're producing. And then the substances that they produce are being secreted into the lumen of the stomach up here. So the stomach, the lamina propria of the stomach looks extremely glandular. The tissue looks puffy to me, and I'll show you when we look at the slides. And sometimes it looks like there are villi and there aren't villi. One thing that there are are rugi, or what were the gastric folds in the stomach. And that is just those places that they will look like extensions up and out. They tend to look a little more square than finger-like. But remember that the rugi were just there so that we could stretch.  And then you fill up with them. And my rugi do a good job of expanding because I'm a good mama. I'm going to eat those chocolate chip cookies that my kid made for me. Let me talk to you a little bit about a little bit of physio. So there are two cells that are found in these gastric glands. We are, let's see, the superficial or the luminal cell is called a parietal cell. And we will not be able to tell these cells apart. Some people can. Awesome. We're not going to spend our time trying to identify them, but you should know them and know what they do because it's actually pretty cool. The parietal cells are luminal. The chief cells are basal. And they're found in these gastric glands. Now, the chief cells are producing a substance that they are secreting into the lumen of the gastric gland and it's called pepsinogen. And it's actually a protein-digesting enzyme. Now, you tell me, protein-digesting enzyme, do you want that hanging out close to your cells? Why or why not? That would be a great exam question. The answer is no thank you. I do not want a protein-digesting enzyme close to my cells because it will digest my cells. Totally true. So pepsinogen is actually inactive. It cannot digest protein yet, but guess what? The parietal cells are doing some magic, too. Guess what they're producing? Hydrochloric acid. What stomach acid? The parietal cells are producing stomach acid. When pepsinogen moses on by and comes in contact with a pH of one because it's hydrochloric acid, it activates and it turns into pepsin, but not until it's exited the gastric gland. And now it's pepsin in the lumen of the stomach and it's going to go to town-digesting proteins. It's active. How cool is that? Digests proteins. Let's go look at our diagram or our chart or whatever that thing was. I'm going to make a note that we have simple columnar, columnar epithelium, and then I'm not going to note it anymore because it's not significant. The laminopropria is full of glands, and that is significant. I think the muscularous mucosae is thick and definitely muscularous externa has three layers. Sub mucosa, whatever. And then you tell me. Advantisha or cirrhosa for the stomach? Definitely cirrhosa. It is the stomach is intraparitoneal. All right. Now let's take a look at histoland. Check this out. Can you see sort of blocky? Like, these are probably my rugi, these blocky chunks of tissue, and if we zoom in here, you will be able to see, like, oh, good graciousness. I think the slices look kind of, oh, here's a good one. Here's a place where you can get a sense that, oh yeah, it looks like simple columnar epithelium, which means that all of this is lamina propria.  You can imagine that if I had cut, if I'd made the cut right or on the correct plane, I could have cut and made it look like the diagram, the drawing, the cartoon that we were labeling. The cut is crazy, and so we've got all these lumens for all these glands, and ultimately they're going to dump into those pits that are going to empty their goodies out into the lumen. You would expect to see parietal cells closer to the lumen and chief cells closer, farther away from the lumen, and I believe in this slide the different colored cells are the chief cells in the parietal cells. If we zoom back out again and look at these layers a little more clearly, you can see your subucosa, it just looks messy, right? And then, whoa, look at how thick that smooth muscle, muscularis externa is, and we can see some different layers there. I don't think I see three layers, but someone might want to fight me about that and go demonstrate, like that might be a third layer, or maybe even that might be, those kind of look like blood vessels. What's that? What's that? What's that? That's a lymphatic nodule there in the stomach, too. Okay, how are you feeling? Awesome, should we go on to the small intestine? Let's do it.


There we go. How's it? How's it everybody? I'm sorry, Ed. We were just busy talking there You off on this we got like a countdown screen and I must say that was pretty weird with inspiring music. It was quite I feel Ready every but I hopefully everybody so it's any warrants here. Hello warren You know, he's he says he's he's work up to 21 degree Fahrenheit more than that sounds chilly We don't want any of that that kind of stuff But here we are. So we're talking today with with Ed Thompson who was very gracious Hello Ed to come and talk to me the other day about his his photo booking process And then there's been good good for chance. So how how are things on your side Ed? They're good. Yeah, I kind of filmed a little video this morning That's a fine a follow-up to how to sell zines part two, which I did in the summer And it was very interesting because I just put out these zines and obviously I'm used to selling my photo books But I'm not used to selling zines and it turns out it's a little bit different So I was just recording a little video about that because yeah, the kind of people who take hardback books believe it or not They might not take your zines to sell Which surprised me. Yeah, there seems to be certain areas of book shops I'll have a little zine corner and some of them won't touch zines because let's face it You know, I'm selling mine for eight quid and if they take their cut of it at 40% or whatever It's not it's you know, they might not do it So anyway, I've been trying to work out ways of doing it. So yeah, it's been one of the challenges Excellent. Well, I hope we're hopefully we'll go go pretty well and so and so just everybody who's joining us Um, this is obviously that this has been unexpectedly launched at you We have a like it's almost like a surprise live stream, but I was talking with Ed recent I said, you know, we we had a good chat and and I really enjoyed our Discussions back and forth both on on camera and off. I thought, you know, this is this someone I miss I miss this kind of like talking back and forth. Yeah, it is. Yeah, you're reasonably intelligent photographer. I think Look, there's books But then there's a pinball machine. So it kind of Serious but silly Mine slightly mine slightly By left leaving it out. Um, it's well read. It's well-loved. Oh, look, I've got I only know I have got But we were talking in others day about you know about books and and it is a big process I mean what that's kind of one of the reasons why I looked at your video to begin with there's something I've been thinking about for ages and you know, and I thought yeah I really want to get into this but it did seem like really overwhelming and you say your video helped but today I wanted to like pick your brain Yeah Yeah, you know so because that's that seems like a like a bit of a dip of the toe in the water kind of thing Essentially all the skills that I've used making my hardback books, which this is where there's not one to handle Here we go. There's one so all the skills I've used to make what's called an offset printed hardback book So that's you know printing on a big machine making bigger runs the exact same skills You'll use when you're making a zine and the fun thing with that is is that you haven't got that pressure The financial pressure of paying to print 500 copies offset between like versus, you know 50 zines for a hundred quid or cheaper It's really lovely way to sort of get into it and yeah and kind of build build up your skills, you know and Yeah, it's challenging because I said I did it all on my own. So like I designed it myself I laid it out. I got all the color proofing and can you see in the background? I put out the unseen and basically that's when you're printing offset That's what comes out of the machine these giant sheets And then you'll pay a little bit of money to have them sent to you before you actually go there to print the book To then check the colors. So it's you know, it's a bit scary Whereas with zines man, like I just pay to print one So I went to who I print with for a mix and and I was like I'll just pay for one And I come off the top of my head. It was a little bit I think it might have been 20 quid for one No, and the point is if you're gonna print a hundred of them, you want to make sure it's correct So yeah, and it's wonderful because yeah, you've got it man You've got the finished article Whereas when you print offset or you're seeing a little sheets of paper and even when you're there printing it in the big factory in the warehouse They give you the sheets of paper and say bye But you don't even know what it's gonna look like bound You just have to kind of hope that it looks cool Whereas printing a zine it arrives like the test print and you're good to go You're literally like this is what it's gonna look like One of the things, you know, we were sort of talking about I think also with the zine is you know A book is a major undertaking not just physically for you know Actually laying out the book and the whole thing but in regards to the you know the images You know what you're taking the sort of photographs that you've got and and you know one of the things I wanted to talk about is this idea of like having a smaller project a project that you can sort of really Sort of not I just was doing it in a day kind of thing although I did I did I did do that one in a day in a day Okay, so there we go. So you can do it in a day Um, you know and that's kind of you know a lot of people ask about you know how to get a project going Do you need some sort of grand vision this kind of thing? What what are the what was your process really for Creating an idea to just get your teeth into well the zines actually just came from me Publishing the bigger bodies of work that were shot over a few years to then looking back at some earlier work and thinking now You know what like truth be told that I shot both of these in a day So they were they were little mini projects that I did in a day, but the thing of a zine, right? I'm looking at you know like here's cafe Royal books, right? They I love that they call them cafe Royal books It's literally seven sheets of A4 paper with a staple and in that little zine only 14 photos including the cover and the back like back cover So if you've got 14 photographs You've got a zine So, you know, I'm sure if you really attacked a subject for the day I bet everyone here, right? I bet you could do a zine in a day and I'd better be good If you just picked like for me I picked events So I picked an extension rebellion protest and a build a bird funny thing and that was enough for then You know to get enough content to then produce a little zine. So yeah Oh, that's cool because you know as I think as most people sort of know, you know, I've been in the States recently and and And I think I've got an idea for you know, sort of general about my photography to kind of like an abstract thing But I thought it might be interesting and what I say it might be interesting Maybe it's not who knows people might say it would be rubbish, but I thought if I kind of bring in some of the photographs That I've I've been looking at You know over the time this is this is my little light. It's not a bridge. Yeah Um, you know, so these are kind of these are just let me just bring this up on the screen So I can actually do it properly while I'm doing this. So I'm just gonna leave that and you know This this kind of is it their ideas that You know, I kind of feel why is this? It's not I do actually know how to use computers He says is it because it's I think it's getting a bit scruffy because it's all it's sort of sharing. Oh, that's why never just there we go All right, so yeah, so these kind of you know, it's me. So really just kind of photographing things The tickle my fancy as I'm walking around And as a starting point, you know, if you were looking at this, what would be your process of going through Trying to tease out Something in there that might be might be useful If I was your editor right now, I would say I want to see it all Alex Show me everything because like I'm the first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to start making associations now immediately off the bat I can see lots of light lots of cool things of light. Check it out. I just was totally drawn that amazing glowing Um rectangle on its side, whatever diamond shape like that looks so What is going on there? I think it's a reflection. It's a reflection, but it just looks so abstract Yeah Post in photoshop But then you've got the light on that clock bouncing around and then you've got you know some other light So I'd say there's definitely a connection with light. Obviously you're coming it from the point of architecture as well So yeah, my best advice would be you could start grouping Similar images for content as in what's in the photograph. So I mentioned there's interesting things to do with light You could start um grouping them over a composition Like a lot of it's architectural the sum of the compositions you've made mirror other compositions that they look similar in some way I mean one thing you can do with architecture. That's cool I think it was in the book fault lines by george jiu if I get that right if I if I murdered his name I'm sorry Sorry, what the book designer turned van der heiden did was across every page There was like a line of say a telegraph pole or something and the book's called fault line So the designer made it so every time you turn the page that telegraph pole line Continuity all three different photos. It wasn't like one street. It was all through so there's there's weird things You can do bearing in mind how a page is turned But to begin with you got to look at it all man. You got to look at everything. So let's go How many shots have we got here? Um, so it's here. We've got 71 there are five thousand and eight that are hidden Let's look at them all show me them all So we will settle in to 25 there. So so these are obviously You know, this is this is um from my point of view just kind of going to just sort of label them very quickly I'm getting yellow and blue like massive yellow and blue lots of blue skies lots of yellow signs there Yeah, the sky the sky was something else when I was down there Alex there's so many lines. You've got so many strong compositional lines going on Can you see that there's like this shot here? Zooming up. I mean just that is a nice pairing. I can't quite see on the screen Right one more with your mouse the one next to it. Yes Those two together look at the way the sky almost meets up. Yeah those two. Yeah, you see it Yeah, it's like an optical illusion if you put that on a double page spread It's sort of the the sky is your continuation You're somehow using that negative space together to almost bring those compositions together See that see it's stuff like I think you know Ed that's I think you know for people who are watching You know When you kind of look at images by yourself and I think Ed you might also kind of feel this as well is that you know There's so many associations that you have with that photograph That you kind of like like, you know, I know what I was doing. I know where I was I know what I was kind of thinking and you make assumptions because I suddenly I do But now Ed's coming along. He's looking at these work with a fresh eye Not knowing any of the background You know, which is often I think you don't find people do that and if they do that to you Ed it's because they they tell you the story behind the photograph of where they were And it's like that's pretty cool, man. And and I dig that it has resonance with you but If you have to tell me the whole story, it's kind of like, you know So it's things like it's like the image to the next of it the box office You know, that's my kind of really rubbishy homage to John Myovitz's Yes, I think but you know, you mentioned the lines and yes, okay, that's something I've been aware of Have you paired these together already, Alex? Have you paired these together? No What I've done here is I went through because these are on my phone And and why there are some personal images in as well So I've kind of gone through and just take but these are as they were photographed In continuity Right, okay Kind of the guy from the airport We're then you know, so like driving like the this this one with the streets on that's driving to the petrol station We're at the petrol station. Then we're you know driving on so they're kind of just bang bang bang as as photographed Yeah, can you go back up? There was one with two there was orange back to back It's like you zoned it on some orange. It was a Pepsi machine Then it was like a weird rusty orange thing on the floor There or no that thing look the palette those two right again If you shot this just going along it's weird how your mind is zoned in on that color And then either consciously or subconsciously you had the same color in the background Maybe it was obviously the same space look the tables. It's the same space. Yeah Yeah, but like just the way like you had it The image of is it a roll? What is it a roller coaster of flume of water? Oh, that's it? Yeah, it's a water slide. Yeah. So the fact that you had that on the left side and the Pepsi machine on the right Generally in the west we view photo books looking left to right So these are also considerations when you're making dip ticks like which is the photo on the left because chances are People are going to look at that first and I sometimes find if it's a very dense image It's going to slow down the gaze So sometimes maybe on the left you might have a Less busy image and a more busy image on the right again just weird conventions It's different for everyone, but that's just something I found the way I look at photo books I think this is what you touched on there It's very important and I have done this in the past and somebody Recommenders to me, which is how I found all the lines and things in my image images originally Is I said to print out all of your work and and put it down on the floor and then step back for it Because it's the easiest to see you know, like what we're doing here now And unless it extends to see all of it in one go Whereas so many I think especially these days people tend to put an image on the screen One image and they just look at it and go Okay, it's kind of cool, but not thinking about that wider context You know as you mentioned and certainly that flow thing I hadn't even thought about it that yeah the flume It's interesting because I call it a fluffy slide Yeah, is that like That way if that if that was on the on the page the left, you know the eye goes up onto it and then shoots off and then you're coming into the You know so it's it's interesting to see those kind of ideas Um, you know play There's the colors man. You had that lovely sky again, I found in books where I try and kind of keep the skies the same almost throughout even if they're shot in different days or different times a year Whatever just so it has a bit of a flow Sometimes so you don't have to do that. It depends what kind of photo project you've made um, I love Sorry the flag I mean again if it's accidental Alex It's genius man But the shot of the American flag bottom left and then the towel being held up almost like the American flag next to it Is that an accident? Even made the connection there Wow red white and blue man red white and blue. Look at it. It's right there Right there the skies are we would it was we were so lucky with the sky that the sky's the first couple of days Wow, that that was amazing. Um, yeah, you know, it's kind of like this is the sort of thing, you know, I saw go around And basically, you know, I just take photographs of things that Excuse me. I find interesting, you know like here These aeroplanes that don't quite fit into some of the other stuff of the buildings, but the ideas are kind of there But it was just like it's like here's a municipal airport with A bunch of radio control planes, you know, one of them good right that shot of the blue and blue and silver one from underneath Yeah, look abstract as your architectural shots There's this one over here. Yeah, the other ones you can see it's a plane. It's very clear most you can still see that's a plane But it's it's a it's a weird angle to have shot it and with some of your architectural photos Again, they've got that what's called like the look again factor where you look at them And it takes a minute to your brain to kind of work out what's going on So yeah, it depends how you want to do this like I think part of it You'd start making folders of like similar compositions or themes like I just put it bluff man Like if you've got photos that messes mess with people's heads because they look at it and they need to work it out Like some people would say that's not a good photograph for me because I've seen so many photos I love a look again photo. I love to look at a photo and be like what is going on? There's a great Praise It's yeah I just you know, I it's so nice to you know, I think talk through with somebody You know who's who's kind of it's going a little bit further down. So oh, that's kind of nice You know like this is kind of cool, you know, sort of funky things and to be able to get That insight you mentioned about the science nice. No, sorry to button man. I do that when I see a photo I love what's that say on it. It's a bit smaller my screen It says more market. Yeah, it's a nice glow Yeah So that is That I mean that's the same these these two images at the top there That's the same Place. So I'm literally sitting at the same table. But that's the magic of photography, man Like yeah, yeah, okay, but then look at that one one. Yeah, and I because that one I went, you know what? Uh, you know, a lot of these are just auto exposure and they're just yeah, they're very auto But that one I went, you know, I want that sign to stand out. So I kind of deliberately underexposed You know the rest of the image so the the thing came out there, but yeah, it's it's you know You know what in my head? Yeah, look look at some of these again I got to jump in the one on the right that's Glenn Argyle. Look at your line of angle. You've angled that sign It's not far off the angle. You made the more market sign And then the upper the red and the blue is an opposite and the green I almost feel like you wouldn't have it as a dip tick. What you'd have is you turn the page You turn the page and there's this weird psychological hangover. Do you know about the cool shove effect? Are we going a bit deep here? Uh, I we might be but do you know what it's early in the morning? We've got 10 minutes to go Check it out, man I'm pretty sure it was like a russian like either artist or scientist I I can't remember the backstory if you're someone for it, but I know the gist and the gist is They do an experiment where they project a blank person's face looking really blank and no emotion to an audience Next had flash up like a hamburger and everyone in the audience say oh look, he's hungry They had same photo of the exact same blank face person They'd flash up a coffin and said oh, you know, he's dead And it was like whatever image came after the image of the blank face people You know if it was in the next shot was someone holding a puppy that's always happy So what you can do in a photo book you can you can really Change someone's perception by the shot you show before and I feel like your more market sign If someone's to see that as a double page spread on the right hand side Turn it over and then see the Argyle sign like anyone who's really really into photo books will be like, oh, yeah, this guy gets it Because you're playing with you're playing with their like perception and that you're now mirroring You're almost playing a game with the viewer where you're like, yeah, I get it I get that you're looking at a book. I'm with you. It's like oh, it's amazing. It's amazing Thank you. So, you know, this is this is always nice to hear people say kind of cool things about about your own photography But you know going back to the project idea and and right back to the you know, we talked you or you mentioned about zines Yeah, and then it doesn't need to be a whole heap of images And then they can be something so that that that Glen Argyle image that we looked at right at the end there So that's that's on halloween Um, you know, so like I don't have enough images that could be halloween But the earlier images were all uh on an island called chintateague Which I'd have to struggle to say and and serif you're watching At least I can get it right Um, you know that that might be something, you know, it's a it's a weekend on on an island and it's just kind of the life What would you suggest I Because I feel that you can't just randomly put 12 images together that you know Would you would you need some sort of theme though certainly What I did with my bilderberg zine and it's like it's um I said I put out these funny 22 videos of how to make a zine previously before I even did the channel I just was like I want to share how people can do this Well, what I did was I printed loads of little photos and I just started making associations So all the portraits I put together all the landscapes I put together Any what's called human relationship pictures of people engaging I put together any close-up shots I put together and from that I started to develop a structure And that's how I put my bilderberg zine together and it's it's a classic way of editing But you know, there's so many ways of editing this and I think should we respond to some of the questions before it ends? I think yeah, I was gonna say I'll let you finish your train of thought that I was gonna Yeah Yeah, but yeah, so that that's what I did and the thing is I don't know if I've got it over here Like look even before I printed my zine when I before I even printed the test print flight 20 quid I just printed that on a home printer it's like literally it's the same size As the fight not the same size. Sorry. It's the same content as the final zine I just printed it really small and it still works It's just to have that physical process of looking through you can do it You know what you don't even have to do that If you just got a book and you print the little photos you can wedge them in and just flick through it that way It's just trying to train your mind and seeing one photo after another. That's so important sequencing It's not just the edit sequencing is vital Sequencing there. Yeah, I've done that I have say I did there's there's a This is extremely useful. But yeah, as you say, let's let's have a look at some of the the questions now And Robert Joseph way back At the beginning check he was asking about the best paper to use for his ah, okay So look check it out. Um, I came the hard way through this in that I think I printed I printed a zine like 10 10 12 years ago and I printed on coated paper And uh, I didn't I didn't sort of get along with it and then where is it? Here we go I printed an exhibition catalog. So this is me hunting around. I'll try and not get nudity in this one There we go So I printed this exhibition catalog a little while ago and what I did what I printed on digital And I printed it on uncoated paper and I tell you what man compared to offset printing I found printing on uncoated really good for whatever reason like Um, I found when I print on coated paper of digital the colors are so vibrant It's kind of it spoils it whereas that's printed on uncoated And I just found it it just sort of seemed to absorb into the paper really nicely Um, whereas I feel like when I did test prints before on coated like silk paper or glossy the digital It was just so pop it was just pop too much So for my money it's uncoated and let you do a little trick, right when you're making your zine Check it out. You might think like oh, here's page one on on page two I'll have like You know part of a double page spread Do not print your cover on different paper stock Because you're going to find if it's glossy when you open the zine and do this half the paper will be shiny the other half So Not or not. I worked it out. I'm a clever guy. I've got books in a pinball machine. Come on But anyway, so the point is for me man like personally my taste for printing digitally is uncoated I find it's really nice and the other thing to really consider with the paper is the weight I think off the top of my head. Oh, I can't remember Alex. I'll have to write a comment later or something but I think this might have been like one it was like maybe one 30 gsm paper the thickness of the paper and the thickness has a huge like a huge element It's like if it's heavy weight paper It just seems to absorb the ink better and sit in it better and just look better And I put a slightly heavier gsm cover on so it's all you know, it's cheapest chips man I didn't pay to have it like covered with any kind of them You know, you can do glosses and spot spotting and all kinds of funny stuff for that kind of jazz But yeah, that's my take So kind of you know, so so don't go overboard with the papers. I think you know something was your thing about I think there's going to be a personal preference. There isn't one sort of paper that's going to fit everything Yeah Yeah, I mean when I went sort of big on my book the unseen there's four different paper stocks in it I've got like I've got where is it? Let me get it quickly. So yeah, as well as like the normal kind of um uncoated paper I shouldn't prep this. Um, I've got some See-through sheets, which are like acetates which are like overlays This is a viewing depth, but here we go. Oh, I found it. It's worth the wait. Check it out So this is a photograph of a guy's veins showing up because I use this infrared film But the point is you can see the text through it and then also in the book then there's glossy paper which is sort of um In ice caves in Iceland and I used a glossiness to try and emulate the kind of shine of the ice So you can think about that Although I don't think many people mess around doing different paper stocks in zines, but I think that that sounds like the advanced The advanced sort of thing, but you know, he said he said that's always it was good. Um, somebody Michael was asking About text, you know, are the text are they not? Well, catholic rail books, right all their books look like this the title the info on the front and that's it And there's generally never any text in the zine. It's just photos Now my background is like I'm a documentary photographer But I like the clean look of not having any captions. So in this zine, right? There's no there's no like text in it apart from that signs with like Leonardo DiCaprio saying help And what I did because I knew I was making a series of zines is I put all the text on the back Oh, the idea is just that, you know, you have the covers Again, if you're going to do this, right, why not make a whole bunch of them so you could start of a series So once you've got your layout of your first one What I've done is I've kept the layout the same and now when I do my zines I just have to drag and drop I've got all the templates because I've used it before and I think, you know You can just think about how you want your design to look and yeah, it's nice excellent. Yeah Yeah, that's really handy because obviously, you know, it's it's nice to get an insight into things But both in terms of getting the, you know, the the the the project itself going, you know, finding out because I was saying, you know The last time I'd mentioned projects. I think I was speaking to Phil Penman On another chat and you know, he was saying, oh, I've started off with like 100,000 photographs and it's just like Yo, that's a lot, you know Yeah So, you know, so those kind of things, you know, and obviously this this is Ed's, you know approach and you know, it's you know Like like most things of photography, you know, it's not always just going to be set in stone and we must do things But at least it's good to see some ideas. There's a guy here in the chat msa coach Mike You know, he's saying that as a retired printing chemist He's obviously the different papers that are going to give you different reactions to the colors And and things of that nature. So, you know, sort of find something That that works for you, you know, which is always always nice. Um, you know, I've got now Ed's I'm going to put his little I'm going to put his his website up on the screen edward thompson.co.uk Ed's if you're not aware, he has a number of photo books out And some zines and things like that if you want to check out more of his work because we've just been looking at My work is, you know, please go over there. Check him out. Um, you know, if you're looking to get Some pretty cool places to get, um, you know presents for christmas nudge nudge wing quick Ed has some books to sell Which is nice and rick just very quickly We've got a question here from rick alexander saying any recommendations of places to use to create a zine No, rick assuming you mean like maybe like an online layout or printing Maybe it means printing, right? Yeah, well, let's see about printing. So ed in let's go with the uk And so I've tried a few places out. Um, there's a place called x y zed Who I printed exhibition catalogs with before but they were a little bit bigger on price But they're very good and they do lots of exhibition catalogs and stuff I ended up just going with mixam and I believe they're in the us as well And they're just they're very very reasonable But you have to really kind of lay it out really well yourself with their system And you've got to be careful because obviously like yeah You if stuff if it comes and they're wrong unless you can really prove it was some error on their part They can be quite tight. So that's part of it. So you do need to make sure but that's why you want to print a test print Just print a test print. It's really it's worth it. So rick's also asking about creating online Um, so I'm thinking like maybe possibly someone like blurb or the you know, just things like that um, is there anybody who's specifically set up where you can just create a Zine completely online Mixam do have like a template system where you can drag and drop But I I always do mine on in design and it's the same way I make my books for adobe in design I just lay out but off the top of my head. I'm pretty sure mixam do have a system where it's like blank pages And you can drag and drop So yeah for some people I think that might be an easier approach Especially if they're not used to in design or doing layouts on in photoshop and things of that nature Um, and I'm gonna guess we're under it's asked about having the print houses. Yeah, they do they do Yeah, and all paper stocks when I print offset, for example, they'll all have like different sort of profiles and Whatever they're they're kind of doing so you have to make sure like I print offset with copper So my big books but same for mixam as well like mixam do have A system I haven't printed as any of them for a couple months I've totally forgotten what it is. But if you go to their website, it will tell you how to you know Sort out the profiles Is I'll get um, I'll get for once once we we wrap up here I'll get some links from ed and I'll pop them in the um in the description box So you guys can go and check them out. Um, and moran has now opened up the torture monitor calibration Which I think Like they gave that I've got this little guy which I still use which I find is quite good It's a little color spider just the data color spider and that that kind of works Yeah, I think I would kind of sort of say with you without sounding like it's very slap-handed unless it's certainly when I think you're beginning Rather than you know worrying about your the color too much It's more about I've found in my experiences is black and white It you know Sometimes you can have what you think is a pretty cool black and white image on the screen and then you get it back from Loxley and um, and there's nothing like The profile they gave you so, you know, so that kind of I think, you know, maybe it's important to get right but obviously but I don't don't get mired down in it too much right now, especially I think just for it for zine I mean, I just saw rick you're saying about um using an ipad So again, if they have some system online and a back end on their website Then of course you can just do it that way and I think for mixam It was jpegs. I'm pretty sure you can literally just have them as jpegs and drop and edit that way So that's that's another way of doing it. So it should work I think most these places are pretty wide for that kind of stuff. I think they might do there's probably an app for that So Who knows something like that so there I have to say Oh, yes, he's sorry. I did a thumbs up and a thumb appeared. I've never seen that before that was strange Oh I don't know. I did a thumbs up and it appeared. I'm new I'm new to this I don't speak with you. Can I can I plug my show? Oh Yes, of course you can plug your show. Sorry I'm not like alex. I'm a complete amateur, but I'm learning fast and alex is very graciously Asked me to come in his show like last week. So again, thank you alex. I really do appreciate that It's very kind of you. It's what what is what is the name of your channel? The name of the show is pictures on my mind And uh, yeah And I think if you if you pop a link there Um in the chat very quickly while I was at work because they're not being there for some people So yeah pictures on my mind. Um, you know guys, thanks for joining me. This is somewhat impromptu Livestream, which is really nice. It is being recorded and obviously as the way of things with youtube You'll be able to watch it later on And so if you're watching it later on, thank you ever so much for being here It's been a pleasure to to meet you all Patrick would very very quickly if I shoot for a pictorial series it greatly impacts Excuse me, uh when I shoot do you shoot with a zine in mind? Well for me hand on heart. I told you it was all old work, you know Like it was all work that I just made and the reason I made it my background in In documentary is I would sell those stories to magazine. So I was shooting I wasn't shooting what's called singles. I was shooting with a series in mind And yet whatever I was younger and I couldn't get the the magazines to take the store story But newsflash, I've still got the photos and then you know put it when it's so what was it Alex? You said before you said it to me better better in a Better having the photos On online than in a box or better having Oh, it's better. At least just having them That's better bit into that. So yeah, yeah better than having them rather than just get rid of them So yeah, you hold on to stuff and that's kind of like there's a whole lot of discussion Maybe we can talk about that next week because I mean, but that's you know This this idea about people who are very quick to delete all their images and only focus on the keepers Yeah, you see that's what you're doing to me. Alex is too early for this It's like I just chuck a bomb in there and just kind of go. Do you know what guys? But anyway, um, thank you once again everyone. Um, it's been awesome ed Dude, thanks a lot. Thank you. Thank you Um, and yeah, so let's see some of some of your zines and see you know reach out We're always always here. And if you haven't done so already, please It'll be awesome for you to sign up for the sunday the sunday the saturday selections Which is my newsletter which goes out of my ramblings where you see more of these Kind of photographs that don't always get onto the channel. Anyway, thanks ever so much and uh, we will see you again soon


Everybody forced here ripping three boxes of 2020 contenders optic football hobby Thomas J These are for you, man Good luck Three of these bad boys. Let's see a herby. Let's see a burrow. Let's see it hurts Yeah, Mike Exactly His orange winning ticket James Robinson. Yeah, 22 a 50 or gold I think It's orange actually gold is to 10. What am I talking about? It's a CD lamb rookie ticket base Yeah, big one here. It's two phone digs Season ticket blue Khalil Mack 93 of 99 Jamaica hasty rookie ticket auto and a redemption and it is Clyde Edwards a lair cracked ice Clyde Edwards a lair cracked ice This is a few months expired. I Would have to think that they still have a though that the soul. I would hope to still honor this. It's a cracked ice Clyde Edwards a lair pretty solid card Hopefully there's that they still have the one. That's not something they would repack or anything. There we go Redemption there. Hopefully they fulfill that and that'll be to 22 Like so hopefully can't speak for them. I can do is try X's and O's Daniel Hunter Adam Thelan John Kinlaw rookie gold is coming up. See what this gold season ticket Daniel Jones Gold rookie van Jefferson Number one of ten Ashton Davis on the rookie auto Rookie ticket auto and Gabriel Davis rookie ticket on card auto. All right. Let's see something monstrous here last box Let's see a monster. Third one's the charm Hopefully that's a saying is true X's and O's pink Darius Leonard Phillip Rivers 60 is 75 Joshua Kelly rookie base Lamar Jackson with a silver rookie ticket Jake from Another to Michael hasty rookie ticket auto and KJ Hamler rookie ticket RPS All right, nothing huge there for you Thomas unfortunately, like I said, hopefully they have that ever to layer for you Thanks again for the order. We will get these out to you


The final item of business is a member's business debate on motion 3367, in the name of Jo Fitzpatrick, on sexism and football. The debate will be concluded without any questions being put. I would encourage members who wish to participate to press their request to speak buttons now or as soon as possible. I call on Jo Fitzpatrick to open the debate for around seven minutes. I am grateful to members from across the chamber for supporting this motion. I also want to pay tribute to the journalists Sophie Goodwin and Stephen Stewart for their investigation, which highlighted the serious issues that were encountered by female football players in Scotland. Let's start by laying out some of its shocking findings. 60 per cent of female respondents said that they have experienced sexism in football. Just 8 per cent of respondents said that they believed that football does not do enough to reduce discriminatory behaviour towards women. Those are findings that none of us should be willing to accept, and I am sure that members here this evening would agree. It is critical that we call out sexism, not just in football or sport, but in all walks of life. We should be under no illusion that sexism is a societal issue and not one that is only present in football. Sport has always provided a platform for unity and social justice, so I believe and hope that sport can be part of the solution not only to sexism but to other societal prejudices such as racism and sectarianism. Before I turn to the challenges in more detail, it is important to welcome the progress that has been made with women's football in Scotland. It is fantastic to see the interest in the women's game growing domestically and internationally. It is encouraging to see our women's national team now playing home games at Hamden. Just last week, it saw 7,804 fans attending Scotland's women's world cup qualifier with Spain, a record attendance for a competitive home game. I am sure that members across the chamber will join me in wishing the team every success in their remaining world cup qualifiers. I also want to mention some of the women's football teams in Dundee, such as Dundee United, Driver Athletics, Dundee City West and St James. They have enjoyed some significant success of late. Dundee United has been promoted from SWPL 2 and Driver Athletic 1 at the Championship Cup. Both huge achievements help to inspire greater participation. However, we must accept that the game and women in fact face barriers that exist for no other reason than because they are women. What steps can be taken to eradicate sexism in football? A big question is that there is definitely not just one simple answer to that. However, it is important that we recognise that each and every one of us needs to lead by example. People need to take personal responsibility and adjust their behaviour. I firmly believe that men specifically need to take responsibility and change their attitudes towards football and female participation. We need to call out misogyny and sexism wherever we see it. That may be on social media, it could be at football matches, it could be elsewhere in society. We all need to tackle it head on. However, it is important that we do it in a way that also calls in to be part of the solution. Most clubs, players and fans see the harm but do not know what to do, so we must work together across society to make progress on that issue. An individual football clubs also have a role to play. Everyone in the chamber will be familiar with the David Goodwilly transfer earlier this season, which led to Wraith Rover's women and girls team severing ties with the club and reforming as McDermott ladies. Incidences such as that undoubtedly heavily impact on female participation in sport. There was rightly widespread condemnation of this move, and the McDermott ladies have my full support, and I am sure that members across the chamber will agree. Sadly, the player in question then looked set to return to Clyde, which resulted in Clyde ladies' FC deciding to fold. Eileen Campbell, chief executive officer of Scottish Women's Football Express concern, calling into question the decision making that she said can see women sidelined on women's clubs or women's clubs treated as an afterthought. She also made what I think is a crucial point. Women's football is growing, but it is fragile. As she put it without meaningful support, investment and respect, women's football will never realise its full potential. I welcome the SFA's Accelerator Games strategy, which seeks to increase participation to more than 25,000 registered players by 2025. The ambition requires investment, and it requires women being in leadership roles. It means that football must be accessible for all equally. Representation is important in that, too. As it stands, women are significantly underrepresented on professional football club boards, and that is reflected in the boards of the SFA and SPFL. We need to do more to see more women in senior roles within football clubs. That would give a bigger voice to women's football, promote greater participation by women and girls, and help clubs to play their part in addressing sexism. We also need to see more progress to ensure that women are represented in the media, building on the success of Jane Lewis, Leanne Crichton, Joelle Murray, Gemma Fe and others, and ensure that broadcasters play their part, too, in showcasing women's football. 86 per cent of respondents to Sophie Goodwin and Stephen Stewart's investigations said that increasing media coverage of women's football would attract more people into the sport. If you cannot see it, you cannot be it. Representation and role models matter. There is one final point that I want to make, and that is the role that education can play. Scotland's women's team captain, Rachel Corsi, has said that she believes that the abusive behaviour is a wider reflection of our society and that the best way to stop such incidents is to continue to educate and call out any form of abuse. We have seen great work recently from campaigns such as Her Game 2, and Police Scotland's That Guy, campaigns that ignite a powerful conversation across Scotland, calling upon men to make a difference by taking a hard look at our attitudes and behaviour at home, at work and when socialising. We need to build on the success and momentum of campaigns like those. Specifically, I would like to see clubs across Scotland facilitate educational workshops to address the issue of sexism in football. Graham Golden, a former chief inspector and member of the Scottish Violence Production Unit, facilitates workshops that adopt a bystander approach. He has worked with a range of organisations and sports clubs to show how they can identify warning signs of unhealthy behaviours and empower them to use their leadership role to promote greater choice and change. I believe that a collaboration with Graham and Scottish Football Clubs could be incredibly fruitful and encourage football clubs to reach out to him to discuss how they can work together. I hope that the minister would agree to have a discussion with me about how perhaps the Scottish Government could help facilitate such an approach. I conclude by once more thanking members from across the chamber for supporting this motion and allowing us to have this debate today. By working together, I truly believe that we can tackle sexism and misogyny in football and in wider society. We all know the benefits of playing sport. It improves physical and mental health and tackles isolation and loneliness and boosts self-esteem. Those things should be available to everyone, regardless of gender, race or ability. I look forward to hearing colleagues' contributions and from the minister about the Scottish Government's work to tackle all forms of discrimination in sport and to increase female participation. I am grateful to be contributing to the member's business debate on behalf of the Scottish Conservatives. I thank the member, Jo Fitzpatrick, for bringing this forward. For centuries, women have had to fight for recognition in every aspect of life and sport is no different. Women's participation in football can be traced as far back as the 17th century. Prior to its official recognition in 1971 by the Scottish Football Association, women's football had faced a formal ban largely due to the perception that the sport was too manly or that the sport was too dangerous and physically demanding for women. However, there has been progress thanks to the work of organisations such as Her Game 2 and local grass-roots teams. Women's football has seen record levels of participation, record attendancies at domestic and international level and record visibility. However, the statistics that are detailed in the motion by the member about sexism and abuse experienced by female players are concerning. Unfortunately, those outdated attitudes to women's participation in football still exist. In fact, as recently as last week, the Northern Ireland women's football boss made headlines when he said that second goals in women's football come so soon after first because women are more emotional. It is this language that damages women's football and undermines its credibility. However, how do we go about changing perceptions? A survey by the Scottish Football Supporters Association and Her Game 2 revealed that one in four female football fans have suffered misogynistic or as sexist abuse as Scottish football matches. 61 per cent witnessed online sexist abuse and 31 per cent experienced misogyny online. 12 per cent did not feel safe or even fairly safe while discussing men's football games in social settings, so women are being discouraged from following the support. Never mind participating, and we must tackle that first. In response to a survey conducted by Press and Journal, 74 per cent of cases reported by female respondents said that no action was taken. First and foremost, there is a need for clear reporting mechanisms and appropriate punishments for tackling abuse and misogyny. Secondly, more women should be on a part of decision-making bodies in women's football so that policies reflect women and girls. Last but not least, it requires stereotypes to be changed. That starts with empowering women and girls at a young age and ensuring that women's football is visible to girls as they grow up. A main operator in my region said that there is a stark difference in the uptake of girls' football between a more affluent area and a more deprived area, stating that fees, kits and boots can be a barrier to girls joining the sport, and stated the need for more funding. I therefore welcome the £2 million of funding from the UK Government Department for Culture, Media and Support, which will open up opportunities for increased participation for underprivileged and underrepresented demographics in Scotland, including girls' football, in conclusion. Sport is key to improving our physical and our mental health, and no one should be discouraged from that. Women should be able to pursue football both as a hobby or professionally without facing abuse, misogyny or sexism. I now call on Paul MacLennan to be followed by Emma Roddick for around four minutes. I thank my SNP colleague Jo Fitzpatrick for bringing this incredibly important debate to the chamber. On my life, I have been a follower of football. I support and, indeed, coached youth teams in my local team at Burnian. I coached professionally at Hibs for ten years. I witnessed the growth of girls in women's game in that time. I raised my son and daughter with the same enthusiasm for the game. My passion for the sport led me to completing my UEFA coaching qualifications. My son, Scott, coaches professionally in England, and my daughter, Kirsty, like me, is a season to get older out east of the road. As a lifelong fan, I have witnessed and felt like there is a lot of joy, as well as the overwhelming dismay that football brings. I have lived through moments in football history that makes me proud to be a football fan, but with that pride comes deep disappointment. Disappointment because the sport that I and many Scots have cherished for a lifetime is a darker side to its culture, one of racism, sectarianism and sexism in misogyny. Today's debate is to discuss the latter two problems. Sexism and misogyny are deep rooted in football. Indeed, since its creation, football has been seen and understood as being a lad's game. It is in this ladish culture that surrounds football in which casual sexism proliferates and in which misogynistic attitudes are not just tolerated but are entrenched. How many of my male colleagues have been present in conversations where women have been trying to have a well-reasoned debate in football, wanting to be asked to even know the offside drill, or met with the classic, what do you know about football?  I would almost guarantee we've fed that we've all been in that situation. Sadly, the report by the press and journalists being referred to only confirms what we already know, only on a scale we are perhaps underestimated. Despite the great strides made by the women's game, many players run the gauntlet of sexistate, sexualised comments, homophobia, bodyshaming, simply for playing the game that they and we love. That is backed up by the Scottish Football Sports Association in her game 2 survey, which found that one in four female fans had experienced sexist or misogynistic comments whilst attending matches. What is even more concerning to me, though, is the tolerance of sexism and misogyny in the game that breathes violence. That has really been evidenced by Wraith Rover's decision to sign David Goodwilly. Despite being ruled out, it would be real to be a rapist, my apologies. The decision that was defended by the club is one in being first and foremost football related. What message does that send out to the wider Scottish footballing community that you can rape a woman and then turn to late football just a few years later? In my mind, football clubs should be leading by example and showing fans in the wider sporting community that certain behaviours, behaviours that enable and lead violence against women and girls, are just not acceptable. Women and girls of all ages in Scotland should have the right to feel confident and safe when sharing their opinion about football both online and in life without fear of sexist or misogynistic abuse. Scotland should strive to be a country where women are encouraged to forge careers in the football industry without the worry of discrimination and equal opportunities and pay or abuse in the workplace. Football as a sport can lead by example. I have already been in discussions with the minister about how our football clubs can take this initiative forward and I look forward to continuing discussions. The time is now for action to be taken to stamp out the culture of misogyny and sexism of Scottish football. I am a football fan and I am also a woman. I am not just a casual football fan either. I am a season ticket holder for my local team in Vernes, Caledonian Thistle, and I am someone who has travelled internationally to follow the Scottish women's team. However, when I was a girl, I was not a football fan and that was for a number of reasons. Firstly, I was not welcome to play. In PE, I was shuffled off to the Red Hat and handed a hockey stick instead. At lunchtime kickabouts, I was chased away by the boys who felt that the only way a girl should be involved in football is when they decided that it was an effective weapon for the back of my head. That is an attitude that is too often carried into adulthood. Secondly, I thought and I understand why many share this fear that all football was like the football that I saw on the news. I thought that all football fans were like the loud, violent men who rage drunk through the streets when certain derbies are on. I did not know that there was a whole lot more to Scottish football and it was not until I left school that I was able to discover the joy of things like pies and bovril, part Dicks Kingsley rocking up onto the pitch or watching Falkirk get relegated. Scottish football is rich and ridiculous and many people miss out on the delight of it because of the darker, often more visible side putting them off. It is very clear to me that there are a lot of people, a lot of men out there who use football as an excuse for unacceptable behaviour. They use a big game as an excuse to drink too much, cause a disturbance and sometimes harm each other and other people because that is just what you do, but it is not just what you do and it is a problem. The attitude that some take towards football in Scotland ruins it for other people and it puts folk, often women and girls, off taking an interest or becoming footballers themselves. The phrase culture of misogyny in my colleague Jo Fitzpatrick's motion is spot on. I do struggle with discussing sexism, misogyny and related issues within one particular part of society because, as he said, it is an issue everywhere. We talk about sexism in politics in the workplace and these are examples of a widespread problem that exists everywhere in society being magnified by concentrated problematic attitudes in a particular place. There is no denying that football in this country contains that magnification and those problematic attitudes. It is not surprising to me that women players have reported through the Courier and P&J investigation being subject to abuse some horrific, all unacceptable, simply for playing their game. I was heartened earlier this year by comments made by Inverness, Caledonian and Thistle when they stepped in to save Thistle Girls' Football Club, a local team who, without that fast positive action, would have become dormant. The club stated its commitment to promoting and growing football for women and girls in the Highlands and that was a very proud moment for the club and it is hard to overstate the importance of statements like that in solidifying the place of women in the game. One of my favourite engagements since being elected last year, despite the rain that day, was attending the Scottish Women's Football Highlands and Islands League Cup final in Nern, which was a cracking game between Clack and Cudden women and the successful Sutherland women. If there was ever a perfect display of why women's football must be supported, it was that game, because it is our game too. However, you also cannot ignore the fact that only 8 per cent of the respondents to the investigation said that they felt that enough was being done by the football industry to reduce discriminatory behaviour. More has to be done and I am grateful to Joe Fitzpatrick, to Sophie, Stephen and all others who are working to address this issue, because it is our game too and right now we really need the support. I thank Joe Fitzpatrick for bringing this important debate to the chamber. I must start by reiterating the appalling figures found by Press and Journal and the Courier, showing that 70 per cent of female respondents to their survey had experienced discrimination in football and that 60 per cent had experienced sexism. In both cases, that is quite a clear majority and it shows that discriminatory behaviour towards women in football remains prominent in modern day Scotland. This is something that we cannot and must not stand by and accept. We cannot let sexism and discrimination pass as acceptable because it is said in the context of football. We must call it out for what it is, discrimination against women in a male-dominated field. The progress of women's football in recent times is down to the players, their families, coaches, supporters and others who have worked so incredibly hard to obtain for women's football the respect and attention that it deserves and others have mentioned this evening. Indeed, next season we will see the Scottish Women's Premier League 1 come under the responsibilities of the Scottish Professional Football League, an important step for clubs and players alike. The standard of women's football in Scotland is high, with clubs such as Glasgow City attracting international attention and entering the latter stages of the championship league. The Scotland national team led by Shelly Care, qualifying for their first ever FIFA Women's World Cup, performing so impressively on the biggest stage of them all. That shows the high level of performance, talent and dedication that has brought the women's game in Scotland to where it is today. To ensure that the game continues to develop, we must do all that we can to reduce the numbers of experiencing discrimination and sexism in the sport. We all must do better. However, that starts not just by increasing the representation of women on the field of play but also in the dugout, in the stand, in the boardroom and in refereeing, as has been mentioned by other members. Those are all parts of the game where women remain a very small minority. Men absolutely have a role to play as coaches and referees in women's football, but increasing the number of women holding those roles in years to come is something that we should seek to achieve. At grass roots level, we see clubs up and down the country give women and girls the opportunity to play. I had the pleasure of visiting Nithdael Wander's last summer to see the excellent work that they are doing to promote the women's game in the south of Scotland, and I know that such work is being replicated by communities across Scotland. As the motion states, 86 per cent of respondents think that increasing media coverage of women's football could attract more people to the sport, but it is clubs like Nithdael Wander and others where most will start their careers before going on to reach the heights of their elite divisions. For many, it need not be about reaching those high levels in the game. Like all sports, football brings with it significant physical and mental health benefits. Before all else, that should be our first focus, improving the mental health of the population, encouraging girls and women to get involved in competitive yet fair team sport, because time and time again we have been made aware of the positive impact such involvement can have for a person. Sexism has no place in any sport. It has no place in football. It is her game too. The findings of the investigation referenced in the motion are stark, and they are a stark reminder that despite the progress that we have seen, we still have a long way to go. The public, football authorities, the media and this Parliament have a role to play in kicking sexism out of the football once and for all. On behalf of Scottish Labour, I say thank you again to the member for bringing this important debate and that we will always be on the side of women in this fight. Let me begin by congratulating Jo Fitzpatrick for securing this debate. This is an important issue and I'm glad that it's being raised in Parliament this evening. In order to prepare properly for today, I thought that it would be beneficial to meet with the best women's team in Scotland at the best club in Scotland, Air United. I would like to take this chance to once again thank it. I would have to disagree with my colleague Siobhan Brown, because my daughter is vice-captain for West Dyke girls, so I don't think I could let that one slide, I'm afraid. Ms Brown, I'm glad that was an intervention and not a point of order. I'd like to take this chance to once again thank Air United's team and assistant head coach Claire Docherty for allowing me to meet with them and to learn more about women in football and hear their stories. Although needless to say, I don't think I'll be joining them soon to train. When I read to the team the motion that is being debated tonight, it really resonated with them. Each and every woman and girl has faced sexismed football in some shape or form. One girl told me that when she was playing an away game, a member of the men's away team shouted at her, get back to the kitchen, a disgraceful comment. But sexism in women's football isn't always so obvious. For example, the women's team at Air United always had to pay and fundraise for their own kits. When Claire first started, she was handed a box of men's hand-me-down kits and told to make do. Some of the shorts were three sizes too big. Currently, the women's team are using arm mismatch with an old sponsor. When speaking to the team, they highlighted to me that they felt that when a man plays football, he signs his contract and just turns up to train and play. Everything gets handed to them. Meanwhile, the ladies have to fundraise and work for just about everything. But the good news is, next season, the ladies' team at Air United will wear the same kit as the men's, presenting them as a professional and a serious force. Under the new owner and chairman, David Smith, the future is bright for the ladies' team at Air United as a whole. For the first time ever, the women and the men came together last Saturday for a joint awards night. Recognising the achievements of both groups. I would like to put my congratulations to Claire Docherty, Katie Patterson and Jodie Barber on their awards last Saturday. Under David Smith, there has been much closer links between the players and the clubs with bold and ambitious goals for growth and more support. The club is now offering to pay for a head coach for the ladies' team, and previously this was a voluntary role that required no experience. Now the SWF has put in place guidelines that requires all coaches to meet certain criterias. Over the Easter break, the United Academy ran a football camp to encourage more young people to take up the sport. This had an excellent turnout of girls. It is clear that they are the next generation who will lead women's sport to a bright future. A player at the club for 15 years told me what's happening now is the most change that has ever happened. It's always felt like the boys were a priority and whatever we got was a leftover. Put simply, all those positive developments would not have happened without Claire Docherty in charge. I hope that all clubs across Scotland will follow by air's example. However, there is still so much work to be done, and people often say that women just aren't as good as men at football and that it's not as entertaining to watch men as men. Of course, they will think that with all the structural barriers that are put in the way of girls and the lack of tension that women's football receives, the amount of money in men's football isn't even comparable with women's. As I say, things are improving. People are tuning in to watch the Scotland women's team play and conversations have started about ticket sales and pay. Women don't want special treatment or recognition. They just want to have the same chances that men get on a level playing field. Women and men's football teams are an important source of our local and national pride. Let's make Scotland a world leader in sporting equality and success. Thank you very much for joining me. I call the final speaker in the open debate, Fulton MacGregor, for around four minutes, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and thank you to my colleague Joe Fitzpatrick for bringing this important matter to the chamber. I didn't intend to speak today, Presiding Officer, so I thank you for being able to take me. As a convener for the cross-party group in football, I felt that it was important to speak, especially having heard the very powerful speeches that we have heard. It is something that I am always conscious of when taking the cross-party group as well. Sometimes there is not always a woman's voice there, and it is something that I work really hard with the secretary, particularly Paul McNeill of the SFA, to make sure that that is happening in Alien Campbell. It is a relatively new member to the cross-party group in a new role, and I am very welcome addition to that and to Scottish women's football generally. The main point that Joe Fitzpatrick made was that men need to challenge themselves, and we hear that a lot in this chamber. I grew up in the 80s and 90s and I played football all day every day. Any man in this chamber who is still in the debate or elsewhere that does not acknowledge this or who played football does not acknowledge this would be maybe not telling the truth. I know that you play football yourself, so maybe you will understand where I am coming from. I would say sorry to Emma Roddick because there was Emma Roddick who wanted to play football with us, and we said, no, you cannot play, because football is not for girls. It takes you to become an adult to realise that that was wrong, but we need to line up to that, and we need to make sure that my two sons and my daughter, for example, do not find themselves in the same position. I do think that we are changing, and I do think that it is better. Those were the 80s and the 90s, and I am obviously showing my age by saying that. I should obviously say that Emma Roddick, of course, would not be in that age group with me, but the similar experience she still very much had. Because girls football is thriving now, we can see that. I have taken both my boys to football academy. It is not quite 50-50 yet, but the academies are definitely growing in numbers of girls attending. Really good girls football teams across Coltbridge and Chrysyn, for example, Coltbridge Rovers, have a thriving girls community there. I think that the young kids, certainly my kids, their friends and people I talk to, do not make any dissociation between them, no difference between them. We have to go and be led with them. A really good example of that is that I started taking my oldest who is eight to Scotland international games. We have been to a couple of men's games, and we have also been to Scotland vs Hungary. If I had not been in holiday last week, I would have been to Scotland vs Spain as well. We are at the Scotland vs Hungary game, where we won 2-1 with a Rachel Corsi go on the last kick of the ball. My wee boy, who had been to games before it, said that it was the best one out of the lot. He said that it was the best one to go for everyone's browns point there. Maybe the people who are saying that women's football is not as good as men's football should talk to him because he will put them right. On another, I suppose, more serious note, the difficulties that women are still experiencing are very much there to be seen. There was an example of that just at the weekend within the Lanarkshire area—fairly local to me that members might have heard about at the Motherwell Hamilton women's game. I am actually going on to my phone here to get the newspaper headline that I have just seen. There were scenes after it at the Motherwell and Hamilton women's game, and they were described as this is the headline, the paper headline. The most disgusting scene seen at a football match in 50 years. Motherwell has seen Police Scotland investigating after spectators allegedly attacked by Balaclava clad gang outside Third Park after Motherwell women's game on Saturday, their first game at Third Hill. That makes me really angry. Shame on them. They are already experienced enough to get on that field and play, and for that to happen, and for that to happen to fans, I think that you can see just the anger in a spoke to Clare Adamson before deciding to speak in this debate and saying that I would mention that. Absolutely appalling, and I think that it highlights exactly the stuff that has been said by other members tonight already about the difficulties and barriers that are there for women and girls in this sport. I just want to say that I think that my time has crossed back group, the SFA is doing stuff to combat this. It was a good award that the Scottish Para Football was awarded with recently by UAFAG for grass-roots-based disability initiative, so it shows that we can do it here in Scotland, we can break down barriers, and we can continue to do it when it comes to women and girls in sport and in football. Thank you very much, Mr McGregor. I now call on the minister to respond to the debate for any seven minutes, Ms Todd. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I want to thank Joe Fitzpatrick for raising this motion about a very important issue. Tonight's debate has covered a lot of ground and in hearing contributions from people I am both greatly encouraged by the progress that we as a nation have made, but I am also under no illusions that a lot of work remains to be done. I very firmly believe that sport should be a safe space for people, whether they are participating or watching. I want to create and provide every opportunity for participation in sport and physical activity for everyone in Scotland, no matter their background. That is a critical part of improving the health of the nation. As we look to rebuild sport in Scotland following the impact of the pandemic, we must all support women and girls to safely return to sport. The Scottish Government understands the importance of sport and physical activity for women and girls in Scotland and the positive impact that that has on their physical health, their mental health, their social health and their wellbeing. Working together is absolutely vital to the recovery of the sector as we come out of the pandemic and are able to re-engage people from across society in sport and physical activity. Football is a great example and it can be a leader, as many in the chamber have said tonight, given its iconic position in Scottish society. The growth of women and girls football in Scotland is really encouraging and significant steps forward have been taken to support this and to improve its visibility and reach. The Scottish women's national team is now playing at Hamden and delivered a record crowd for a women's qualifier in Scotland. There are considerable efforts being made to professionalise and commercialise the women's elite game via the new governance model within the Scottish professional football league. That includes the aim to elevate female role models via the enhanced visibility of the game. Under the new SWPL model, there will be further enhanced visibility of women's football through broadcast and online channels, making more matches available to more people. In terms of participation, UEFA Playmakers in partnership with Disney saw 30 centres launched across the country in 2021, aimed at encouraging five to eight-year-old girls to play football. Six of those were in areas of high deprivation and were delivered free, providing the opportunity for 180 girls to play football in their local areas. Female-only coach education courses are being delivered, alongside existing curriculum and female-only referee courses have been introduced. Twenty-five participants will attend the Scottish women's national team match against Spain later this month as part of one of those first-ever courses. Those are all really positive steps and, of course, are greatly welcomed, but sexism and misogyny are underlying societal problems, and the Scottish Government plays huge importance on tackling those. Gender equality is at the heart of the Scottish Government's vision for a fairer Scotland, one where women and girls have and are empowered to exercise equal rights and opportunities and have equitable access to economic resources and decision making and live their lives free from all forms of violence, abuse and harassment. As part of our extensive gender equality work, we have established the gender equality task force in education and learning, we have published the Fairer Scotland for women gender pay gap action plan, we are developing plans to incorporate the convention of all forms of discrimination against women's seed-off into Scottish law, and we are implementing the recommendations from the First Minister's national advisory council on women and girls. As part of our £100 million three-year commitment to tackling violence against women and girls, we have created a new delivering, equally safe fund that will direct £38 million to projects that focus on early intervention and prevention, as well as support services. Violence against women is a fundamental violation of human rights, and the Scottish Government has taken robust action to tackle sexual offending, improving our laws, encouraging more victims of recent and historical cases to come forward and improving support. We also set up the misogyny working group, tasked with evaluating how the Scottish criminal justice system deals with misogyny, looking at whether there are gaps in the law. As the First Minister said in Parliament on International Women's Day, too many women live in perennial fear of harassment and abuse, and it is not women who need to change. What needs to change is a culture in which prejudice, sexism and misogyny still thrive. A society in which women do not feel safe is not one in which we can ever be truly equal. It is time to challenge, certainly. I thank the minister for taking the intervention. Will she agree with me that sometimes small changes may help as well? I have been hearing round the chamber tonight that we have been speaking about the Scottish football team and the Scottish women's football team. Shouldn't we be calling it the Scottish men's football team and the Scottish women's football team to make it more equal? If we can start small changes like that, it is a beginning, although it is definitely not the end. I am all for Team Scotland, and I think that the women's team and the men's team should absolutely be regarded equally. They give us great heart when they are playing well and devastate us when things go wrong, so we are more than happy to make those small changes, which I think build up to a bigger picture. We need to challenge unacceptable male behaviour, and we need to better protect women from it. Scotland has led the way by creating a zero-tolerance position to domestic abuse by creating the first domestic abuse offence, which recognises coercive and controlling behaviours in law. We have got Baroness Helinast Kennedy's QC's working group on misogyny, which recently published its ground breaking report. The Government welcomes the report's recommendations and principle, and we will respond formally after giving full consideration to the recommendations. However, I mention those issues because I think that it is clear, and we have to be clear, that this is not only a problem that is seen in football. It is an issue widely witnessed across all sectors of society. I am having conversations regularly with all of the sports bodies, as we have a responsibility to tackle those issues and take steps to make positive changes. Football is just one of many sports, but, oh my goodness, it has a powerful presence, and it can lead the way for good and demonstrate the change that is badly needed. I recently had a very useful meeting with Borussia representatives from Borussia Dortmund to learn about the excellent work that they have been doing to address antisemitism in the fanbase and in the wider city, and I am looking to implement the learning from that in tackling equalities issues here in Scotland. I also met with Canysga Advocacy, who has a strong voice in advocating for sport across the UK to be safe and equal, and that celebrates and protects and respects all sports people. I share their ambitions to make sport as safe as possible for everyone. I am more than happy to take up Joe Fitzpatrick's invitation to meet to explore the potential for educational workshops to catalyse change. Before I finish, let me reiterate that. As sports minister, this is an issue that is very close to my heart. I am absolutely determined that we will encourage more women and girls to participate in sport, and that sport will be a safe place for women and girls. I am hopeful, because I too experienced, as I am eroded, that girls can't play football. A generation later experienced girls can't play football. I heard very recently at the children and young people's cabinet children telling me that they were told that that was one of the things that they couldn't do as girls. I would like to look forward to a future where no girl is told that she can't play football. I want to thank you all for contributing to this discussion tonight and also to Joe Fitzpatrick for bringing this motion to Parliament. That concludes the debate, and I close this meeting of Parliament.


I'm the author of Malignal Self-Love, Narcissism Revisible. Following is a list of words used to describe the narcissist and the psychopath. Feel free to add your own words in the comments section. So here are those, a list of words. Affected, Supercilious, Fake, Artificial, Superficial, Weird, Strange, Eccentric, Unfriendly, Schizoid, Reckless, Hermit, Off-kilter, Aloof, Indifferent, Unfilling, Heartless, Boisterous, Gregarious, Attention-seeking. Imposing, Overwinning, Dominant, Alpha, Self-Centered, Egotistical, Solicistic, Malignant, Poisonous, Venomous, Insidious, Punicious, Ambitious, Driven, Relentless, Roofless, Callous, Tiring, Energy Vampire, Tuplicitous, Liar, Confabulator, Disimulator, Frightening, Threatening, Unpredictable, Ominous, Minacious, Raging, Angry, Furious, Disempathic, Abusive, Harsh, Uncompromising, Violent, Cold-blooded, Cold-hearted, Merciless, Penetrating, and sometimes Clueless. This is a very partial list, of course. You are encouraged to add your own words to the comments section below. Finally, who knows, I may make another video with a compilation of your own contributions. Be well.