With that, I would like to announce our speaker Neil Stenover, who is head of digital at Article 19 and is a PhD candidate at the Data Active Research Group at Amsterdam University. He will talk to us about human rights in organisations that create new rules for the internet, for networks, and we all have a buy-to-buy. So, great welcome to him. Thank you. Hi all. I am super excited that you are all here and not in the afternoon, son. So, thanks for that. I've got way too many slides for this talk, so I am going for a UDP approach to presenting. That means you might not all get it, but I'm happy to resend at any time later during the day. But let's keep this real-time real-time. Before we dive into the talk, which I hope will be fun, I want to talk about something serious. And that is about the people that are not with us here today. About people that have given up their freedom, and in some case their lives, for internet freedom. For doing the things that we are doing here. Ali Gharafi, Peter Stoipner, director of Amnesty International in Turkey and these people are in jail. For doing digital activism, Basel got executed by the Syrian regime. For that, Allah is now in jail in Egypt. These brave Vietnamese bloggers are in jail as well. These brave Ethiopian bloggers from the Zone 9 group have been in jail, have been tortured. The internet is fun, but it can also be a very serious business. So when we talk about the internet and about securing it, let's think about the people that give away so much for this. I am Nils. I am a PhD candidate and head of digital at Article 19. Head of digital is a bit of a binary prosthesis, but that was given to me, so I'm happy to keep it. I've been working before this on digital security and freedom of expression in a lot of different countries. But I was so frustrated by teaching people digital security. We have been teaching saver sex since the 80s and it means you only need to do one thing to be safe and people still don't do it. When we work on digital security, we tell you a thousand things that you need to do and we're still not really sure that you're safe. And in the best case scenario, nothing happens. That is such a bad incentive for behavior change. And especially asking this of the people who are in extremely stressful situations where they're just trying to do work, asking them to validate keys and do all these extra things just to be productive, it's not going to work. We should be able to do better. So that is where I got interested more in internet infrastructure and tried to make things more human rights respecting by default. And I'm going to take you a bit on that trip that I've taken, which has been very much an exploratory trip. So we start with a bit of history where I can show you that I'm also a bit of an academic. So buy some quotes to lay the theoretical groundwork. We shape our tools and thereafter they shape us. When we create technology, we consciously and unconsciously embed our own thoughts, values and worldview in them. That's not special for technology. We also do that in architecture. If we make broad roads with no sidewalks only for cars, what's going to happen? More cars. If we're going to recreate large spaces with benches, trees, people are going to be outside. So the way we shape our infrastructure is shaping our societies. That's rule number one. Now I hear you thinking, well, but technology, it might be just neutral because it's not technology that kills people. It's people that kill people. So here I'm going to try to introduce the term affordances. Another academic thingy. Bear with me. It means that it's the characteristic of a technology to enable or disable certain use and behavior that makes it easier or harder to do things or even to have specific rights. And the question of course, who is creating that technology? What we also need to think of is that technology, so we talked about affordances, Neil Postman, took that to the far end and said the way technology is built is determining largely how you can use it. Well, I feel some of you getting really anxious about it because it's exactly the hacker way of breaking technology and using it in different ways, right? But it's still showing and growing the path. There is also some pretty good criticism on Neil Postman because he's saying you're putting way too much importance on the technology. That's why they also called him a techno determinist. Technology cannot solve all our problems. Having said that, technology is a very human activity, so it's intertwined with technology and human social behavior. So let's try to trace the history of technology and the history of enabling of our rights. So you've gone through the academic part, it will be much better now. So what I forgot to ask, who of you here self-identifies as a lawyer or policy person? Yes? And how many of you are technologists, nerds? Very good. So I'm going to be hard on the lawyer side. Lawyers, please help me. So let's have a short look at the history of technology. And it's important to see that during the Second World War, the first programmers were actually women working on the ANIAC machine. And the ANIAC machine computer was designed to calculate the trajectory of artillery. And a lot of resources went into this. At the same time, the Radiation Lab was set up, where for the first time interdisciplinary researchers got together to work on systems. One of the people working there was Bookminster Fuller, who stood at the beginning of the development of what we now know as Silicon Valley culture. But at the end of the Second World War, something else happened as well. And that was the Universal Declaration for Human Rights was written. It was drafted under the lead of a drafting team by Eleanor Roosevelt. And what is important to know about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that there is no other international norms document that has been accepted by more countries. So it's the biggest agreement on norms that we have. But it is not a hard agreement. And I'm not alone in this frustration. Also, if you reread the anecdotes from the UK delegation, they really wanted to make it international law, but they couldn't get through it. That only happened later on when we got the international covenant on civil and political rights. And that was in 1966. So with these treaties, the Universal Declaration became international law in parts. And not only in 1966 the international covenant on civil and political rights happened, but also the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights. Why do two treaties at the same time? Why not fold them into one?  The civil and political rights were the wishes of the America and the Western Europe bloc, and the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights were the wishes from the Soviet and the G77 bloc. Later we also had, and so there was a lot of contention between the two, give and forth, and these two were seen together with the Universal Declaration as the international bill of rights. There are also other conventions that codify human rights, such as the international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination, and the convention of the right of person with disabilities, and the convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. This is international law, and governments should do everything to protect these international laws and enshrine them in their own national laws. Once you've done that, you've ratified the treaty. Then, fast forward in history, Berlin Wall fell. So the contention between the Soviet and the Western bloc kind of dissipated, and this was enough for Francis Fukuyama to say, this is the end of history, liberalism has won, welcome to the future, this is going to be freedom for everyone. The middle class will rise, and with the growth of privatization, everything will be good, and liberal democracies will flourish under capitalism. That was the promise that was made to me, and it was not true. At the same time, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, we also see the rise of internet hosts. So this huge wave of privatization went together with the building of the internet infrastructure. So if we think back about the previous world communication network, which was the Telegraph, and the Telegraph was completely regulated nationally by governments and internationally by the oldest UN body, that's even older than the UN itself, is the UN Telegraph Union, which nowadays is called the International Telecommunications Union. Only governments have a say there. But the internet was not built on government standards. It was built in another form of governance. We'll talk about that more. But let's go back to the human rights story. Because then in the 2000s, people realized if it's only governments going to protect human rights, then we're not going to get far, because some companies are actually getting quite on par with governmental power. So how are we going to keep the governments to account? Well, first in the early 2000s, we had the UN Global Compact. And the UN Global Compact said, you need to have a corporate social responsibility strategy, CSR. How many of you have heard of that? Good that I'm telling you then. And corporate social responsibility was pretty much, you can have an oil leak here, you can build a school there, you're good. So that's, and everyone after a while said, this is not really good, or this is not good enough. But it created the awareness that companies had a responsibility to do something about human rights. And then in 2011, under a committee drafted by John Roggy, the UN guiding principles for business and human rights were thought up. And they're actually quite simple. There are three pillars. The responsibility to protect, the responsibility to respect, and the right to remedy. So it reaffirms the role of governments to protect human rights. They should go out and do everything within their ability to protect human rights that are universal, inalienable and interdependent. Then the corporations and non-state Xers had the responsibility to respect human rights. That means that they have the responsibility to look within their own policies and operations and do a human rights impact assessment to understand how they impact, and here comes the important part, directly or indirectly human rights. So with that is also the introduction of the concept of chain responsibility. So, and you've heard about this. You've heard about this in the garment industry, where Nike and Adidas had sweatshops in Bangladesh, India, etc. With the push of the UN guiding principles for human rights, it was much easier to hold them to account, and many of these have now signed it and got it into place. Same with the mining industry, same with the banking industry, not in the IT industry. We think of ourselves as being completely ahead, but actually we're pretty much behind the curve. And the forgotten pillar, the right to remedy. That's the possibility that if your rights have been violated, you have a way to access to that beset right. That can be via national law, but corporations should also provide that possibility to set that right. So now let's go back to the internet and let's see where those two worlds merge. So let's differentiate three different layers. Yeah, we can go all OSI about it, but we're going three layers. The physical layer, the logical layer, and the social or the application layer. And where we're talking increasingly about human rights, and in this schematic provided by ICANN, everyone puts human rights on the application layer, because that's what people can see, that's what people understand. But somehow these layers are forgotten layers, whereas if we think back about affordances, these lower layers actually make possible everything that is on top. So perhaps we should try understanding what the impact is of the logical and the physical layer and how that is done. So let's have a look at that. And then we get into this weird beast of the multi-stakeholder model. No one really knows what it is, because there are many different forms of multi-stakeholderism. Some more formalized, some less formalized, some more accessible, some are less accessible. So I'll give you a few examples where we can have a look at. So let's start with the World Summit on Information Societies in 2005, which was still a UN meeting, but a lot of people were invited to come and to work on a joint outcome document, which was the Tunis agenda, and there in the 42nd point, which was not on top of their priority list, they reaffirmed the commitments to freedom, to seek, receive, and impart and use information. So the connoisseurs among you might know that this is exactly the language of Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, so the right to freedom of expression. But here, according to the lawyer weasel words, we also must protect and respect the provisions for privacy and freedom of expression as contained in the relevant parts of the UDHR and the Geneva Declaration, which means if you put in the relevant parts, you can always argue that it's not relevant for that place. But still, it was the first place where human rights got anchored. Then jump forward, you see we're going forward to history. Human Rights Council in 2012 said the same rights that people have offline must also be protected online. A bit of a no-brainer, right, because it's not another dimension, and it's still people, but it was an understanding that we needed to think that the old UN frameworks, the old laws, did not really cover that. And that thinking was really pretty much right, as Edward Snowden has showed us. And then everything got kicked into a higher gear, because the UN General Assembly agreed on the right to privacy in the digital age, where it called upon all states to respect and protect the right to privacy, including in the content of digital communications, to take measures and to review their procedures, practices and legislation. So they should do stuff. Normally when the UN says people need to do things, quite a lot must happen. And this was because Dilma Rousseff, the then President of Brazil, was part of the eavesdropping program that was uncovered by Edward Snowden. And so the Brazilians together with the Germans led this resolution. And it also led to the establishment of a special rapporteur on privacy. Then Brazil organized the Net Mundial Conference in São Paulo in 2014. And that was actually quite interesting, because it was the first time that in the front there were four miclines. And the miclines were for civil society, academia, business, technical community and governments. And people could queue up and it would go round robin. And this confused everyone. Because it was diplomats used to be speaking on behalf of their country, after some hacker. It was really weird, but we managed to get an outcome document. And some found it stronger, some found less representation in that. With civil society, for once we were the best organized stakeholder group. We had one text on which most people agreed. In the end we got a bit snaked by the lawyers of the private sector. But you live, you learn. And what was there is that there is the declaration to the UDHR. But also boom, ICCPR, ICSCR and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. So there is this increasing body of human rights language. But this is all theory, right? They can say everything in Geneva, they're not running the internet. So let's see where the rubber hits the road. Let's have a look at ICANN. Who of you knows what ICANN is? Oh, so good. So ICANN is administering policies and operations for the root zone of the DNS, right? I'm so happy I don't have to explain ICANN. But ICANN is also an example of a highly formalized form of the multi-stakeholder model. It means that the policies for the different top-level domains, the country code top-level domains, and the generic top-level domains, .banana, .amazon, etc., are managed in different spaces, as well as the addressing supporting community. So the handing out of the IP blocks. And then there are also other groups that can have an impact and a review of the policies that are made by these bodies. And within these bodies there is then a sub-categorization of civil society, of intellectual property lawyers. So it's highly structured. And then you think that's a lot of structure. Then within all these bodies there is also a process on how the policies get developed. So you can notice that ICANN is pretty much... colonized is maybe not the right word. But there are a lot of lawyers. And so everything is put down into processes. This helps into transparency, but it also takes you one and a half year to actually understand the processes. So almost all meetings of ICANN, all mailing lists and all video calls are transcribed. But before you understand what is actually being said and how it works, it takes you about one and a half year. So that is where transparency is not the same as having easy access in those policy discussions. So you need a lot of resources, knowledge, networks and understanding, and also money to be able to participate in the meetings. Then something interesting happens after the Snowden revelations. Because ICANN was... So originally the DNS was managed by John Postel. When the root zone was managed by John Postel, when the internet got more important, the US government, the NTIA, the Department of Commerce said, okay, we need to institutionalize this. And they contracted ICANN to do that. Which means that the US still had contracting power over ICANN. And this was something that after the Snowden revelations, the US said, we're happy to give this up. We're happy to give this up, but not to anyone. We're not giving this to another government. We want to give this to the international internet community. This was a new thing. And this is, I think, why multistakeholderism is important, not only because we love the internet, but it's also an innovation in governance. So a sovereign state was able to give out something so important, such an important asset, as control over the DNS. So they said, we need to develop two plans, one technical plan and one plan to improve ICANN's accountability. And we succeeded. You can ask yourself, was this really an internationalization? Because if you look at the language that the NTIA and the Department of Commerce itself put out, it might also be a privatization. And actually there were two press releases. One for internal use in the US, where the NTIA said, we're going to have the private sector take the leadership for DNS management. And in the international statement they said, we're going to internationalize DNS management. So that's something to be cognizant about. But the good thing, part of the accountability work was an inclusion of ICANN to respect internationally recognized human rights. So we were able to put that in before the transition happened, but we weren't able to negotiate all the details. So in Workstream 2, which was the part that would happen after the transition, we were supposed to develop a framework of interpretation for the human rights bylaw, and a lot of people were very afraid that Workstream 2 would be the graveyard of ideas. That's okay, if we push it through for the transition, and then after that nothing will pass. But hooray, we almost have consensus on the framework of interpretation. The last public comment period ended, and we're now reworking that, which means that by the end of the year, ICANN will respect human rights, at least according to its bylaws. This is a slide that you cannot read. You can find this graphic as well on ICANNHumanrights.net, and I'll also put the slides in the description of the talk afterwards. So this is a simple mapping of all different rights, only the GNSO, which was the part that makes policies for the generic TLDs, is touching upon, ranging from freedom of expression, freedom of association, due process, participation, the right to security. So we tend to think that the internet stops at freedom of expression and the right to privacy. But there are way more things mediated by the internet nowadays. It's the right to political participation, the right to due process, right to education, right to science. So all these things, we also need to take into account when we think about infrastructure. Does this mean we're now protected from evil takeovers in ICANN? No. But we definitely have an easier tool to have a look at ICANN, because this means that ICANN will do human rights impact assessments of all its policies. And at the moment when they're doing that, civil society or anyone for that matter can drop in and see, you've missed this, or you should think about this, which means that you don't need to be entrenched in the trenches of ICANN all the time to be able to keep them to account. So hopefully this is a good thing. So let's now have a look at a bit more of the nitty gritty technical bits, because your nerds really stuck a long time with the lawyer stuff, and I'm thankful for that. So what is interesting is that the primacy of the internet is that it's a network of networks. And in that it's a bit incongruent with human rights, because human rights always argues from the basis of the rights holder, the user. But on the internet, users cannot simply claim their rights. Every time you want to connect, you need to ask, can you please give me an IP address? Will you please route my packets? Pretty please? Will you not drop them? Can I please connect without accepting your horrible policies that I do not even know about? This is an inherent part of how the internet is designed. And that means that the people running the networks are always in control. I'm not saying this was intentional. I feel actually pretty okay to say that this wasn't intentional, but it is an affordance, a characteristic of what we've built. So in some senses, we may have it made it harder to protect human rights online because of the infrastructure we have. Again, that doesn't mean, think of Kronzberg's law, that the internet is totally bad. No, it has good parts and it has bad parts. But we need to think about that when building it. So don't leave the rights to the lawyers. Oh, they'll take care of it. Because the rights are being part of the internet that we build, consciously or unconsciously, we're programming in what we think and who we are. And if we want to make the internet a real global network, we need to think with people that are not only from the global north, because half of the world is still not connected to the internet, which means that we're also reproducing a network on which many people might not feel at home. And that pains me, because the internet has always, for me, feel like a place of freedom. For many others it might not. A friend of mine, and he called it engineering performance art, made a programming language in Arabic. And he said, why do you call it engineering performance art? He said, because it's not going to work. GitHub fails, parsers fail, nothing works. Like, UTF-8 isn't even the norm for non-Latin characters. So what we're saying to people who are not using the non-Latin script and often to people not speaking English, not only on the content layer, but also on the development layer, like, this is not your network. You do not belong here. You need to adapt to us. And that is a problem. Yay. But there are many ways to go, and there are also many cool developments. And it is of us to be aware of that and work on it. So let's have another look at another body that is important in the development of the internet, the internet engineering task force.  I love this audience. So good. So something really cool, what we're now doing to take care of the steps, and a colleague of mine said it so greatly, like, why was God able to create the world in six days? Because there was no pre-installed user base. So what we need to do now is that we need to work with all those horrible legacy stuff and just build tunnels upon tunnels and tunnels and tunnels. But that also creates a lot of latency, right?  So some folks at Google, largely, have developed a new implementation, which is called QUIC, which is pretty much TCP plus TLS over UDP. And it has encrypted almost all the headers. So the sent IP, receiveIC, it's encrypted. It's awesome. And it's by default. It's good. And here, the market powers of Google are quite interesting because they can roll it out really quickly between the Chrome browser and the Google servers. Boom. Then we have a lot of uptake. So then these big companies can actually do something good, which is great. At the same time, there are also some other actors in the IETF. So, for instance, in the discussion on TLS 1.3, there is a strong draft that we should include forward secrecy. Then the banks or other large financial institutions came in and said, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. No forward secrecy. Because we have so many boxes, and they said this, we have so many boxes unless we had a problem and we had 60 people on a call, we couldn't fix it. It was a problem in a database. So network traffic that we cannot encrypt is a DDoS attack on our system. They're like, oh, my God.  So just because they do not want to adapt to an environment in which they have forward secrecy, it doesn't mean they cannot decrypt. They can decrypt at the end points, right? But they want to decrypt in flight. And they said, we only want to do it in the data centers. But why only do it in the data centers? If you only want to do it in the data center, why make it a standard in whole TLS so that everyone can do it? And what is really problematic is that the American Standards Institute, NIST, is supporting this. And NIST has already been pounded one time by the NSA with weakening crypto protocols. And this is shamelessly happening again. So we need to be strong. And that's why we need your voice in the IETF. But these are the problems that we know about. Security, privacy issues, we can make them better. We have quick. And what the quick people said, there was so much fun, is that they said, OK, if you're going to get forward secrecy out of TLS 1.3, we'll implement it with forward secrecy in quick.  Pretty nice. So can internet protocols further impact human rights? So within the IETF and the Internet Research Task Force, we set up a research group to start thinking about this. And for that, we needed to try to translate technical concepts into rights.  And there were so many discussions to be had about all these different definitions. And also, what does equals mean? Right? Because if you have this, will you automatically have freedom of expression? No. It creates an enabling environment. And this is part why it's important to implement the UNGPs, the Rugby Principles, because then we get to make better policies. Because no part of the internet rules the whole internet, but we need to understand which part of the internet impacts what. Else it's also impossible for policymakers to make same decisions and they're going to make stupid, broad-hand policies because they send, hey, if you cannot make it clear where we should act, we'll use a hammer, because we make laws. That's what we do. So there were a lot of other rights that we've been trying to think of. And two years of thinking and discussing in the human rights protocols considerations, a research group in the IRTF, resulted in the draft on the research into human rights protocol considerations. And that actually gives you a guideline for protocol developers to think about their human rights impact. And this is going to be an RFC by the end of the month. So we'll have an RFC on human rights. Yes! But that means that we now need to leverage those tools. So we have made the steps from saying in general, this is important. Now we're enshrining it slowly but surely, but now we need people to use this because else it'll be dead letters. So what is good stuff in the IETF? While researching for the human rights work, we found a lot of good RFC. Who knows what an RFC is? Okay, very good. I love you. So these are a lot of good RFCs with very interesting rights knowledge. But in a lot of them it was not made very explicit. So we had to do a lot of anthropology and exploring and to understand, doing a lot of interviews. But increasingly language is becoming more explicit and there is more space for civil society in the IETF. And there is a lot of interesting stuff going on. TLS 1.3, DTLS, UTA, which is finally making a pinning for SMTP necessary, KERDOL, cool stuff. You'll like it. Come to the IETF. What is not so good and why we need you to be there, these are the amount of RFCs published and this is by which organization. And I can tell you, the first eight ones are companies. The universities that are in there is because the early RFCs were produced by universities. So because of different reasons, academics and let alone civil society is completely underrepresented. I'm not saying people that work at companies are evil. No, not whatsoever. I'm saying that they are inhaling the fumes. They need to get something done. They're not getting paid to think about human rights. So we should remind them while working on that. And actually they are quite susceptible. Engineers like to solve problems. So let's help them make clear what the problems are and what net we actually want. So what is really ugly and what is also a problem for the IETF and that's what you hear over and over is that the IETF is not the protocol police. These are open standards. Everyone can implement on the internet whatever you want. Permissionless innovation. But what we see is an increase in centralization.  In a closed industry body, the 3GPP to which you not get access if you're not a company or not affiliated with a company. And China, the European Union and the US are all battling to be the first to implement 5G whereas we have no idea what is in the spec. So we're just giving them the keys to our spectrum and our stuff. It is so frustrating. And then there were some good parts potentially in it like the open spectrum but then with LTE over Wi-Fi they are going to squat the open spectrum directly and then the netto end effect will be we do not have access to the frequencies and they do not need to pay frequency auctions anymore. Really frustrating. Then in the IETF we had the thing that the internet is end to end. Because IP and the objective is connectivity. End to end is dead, man. It's really sad. If you look at how much content is going through content distribution networks and how much of these content distribution networks are breaking SSL and TLS, it is really a mess and we do not have clear transparency about what they're doing let alone that we know how it's routed because BGP is not transparent. BGP, nice hobby as well, we should clean it up once. Then on hardware we also see a few dominant organizations and well the application layer is all the hype about that. So what does that mean? What are we looking at? Well, it can take different forms. There is some good, some bad and a lot of opportunities and the internet is still a very exciting place and we need to remember that rights are like muscles. You need to train them else they go away and if you train a lot then you know sometimes you might break a bone. That's not so bad. So know about internet governance and know about infrastructure because the infrastructure is what determines what's happening on top. So we need to think about the breaking decentralization of knowledge which means getting it out of the patents and out of the trademarks and getting out of the companies to understand how they are running the networks. We need to fight for our right to science which is also a human right. We need to be able to find out how the networks work because it is nowadays our public sphere that is mediated by the internet. It's about voting, it's about your primary contact to your government, to your representatives but it's also your freedom of association that's largely mediated by the internet. So we need to ensure that we know how it works that we can also ensure that we can keep our rights. Then we need to ensure that we're building a real global network for the people not for the networks, not for the operators, but for the people. And that is something that a lot of the people in the IETF do not necessarily have in mind. They're working on really hard problems for operators but we need to ensure that the end user is better represented and that we as end users also understand the systems better. So we need to take power and rights into account in the design of all technologies because we shape our tools and thereafter they shape us. Thanks very much. Right. We do have quite some time for questions.  Which are the tie, which are the tie between patents and protocol. Okay, so a lot of protocols that are implemented are actually not open protocols such as in the IETF and especially on the lower layers when it comes to physical connection and what is implemented in proprietary systems, they are trademarked so we do not know what they are and we cannot access them. The IETF actually was formally set up and set up for the Internet Society to protect the engineers in the Internet Engineering Task Force from patent claims because a lot of times companies want to standardize their technology so they'll be able to sell the middle boxes. And the funny thing is that a lot of people working in the IETF have trademarks on technology for which they want it to be compatible. That's why probably the banks really do not want to change their technology because then they need to change and because they haven't used open source, they have a vendor lock-in and then they need to pay the vendor a lot to change that. So we need to explain to the banks, you shouldn't have vendor lock-in and you should definitely not put the costs for you having a shitty system in the whole of society. Hello? Yeah. So you talked about IETF and everything that's still not going good yet and this almost sounds like a recruitment speech rather than just some information. So are you recruiting for somebody? Are you forming teams? Yes. I recruit barbarians. For what? Tell me. So we're both active in ICANN, the IETF, the IEEE. We're now also working in the ITU to make work more transparent and we always need people. And the way you can interact is help us simply do in the IETF for instance do human rights impact assessments of working group drafts. Just help us analyze how these new standards can impact human rights and the earlier we do it in the process of the development of the internet drafts the easier we can change things because if you do it very late in the process it's much harder to shift. So we're also having a small public interest group in which we try to coordinate to do reviews of internet drafts and something very similar we have in ICANN as well. So please come talk to me or send me an email and I'm very happy to work with you on this. First of all thank you for a very sobering and interesting talk. I know that ICANN has profited massively from their monopolistic position and I was wondering if that's going to be solved with this new governance model. Well the problem is DNS right is that we need to coordinate to ensure that there are no wait I'll put my contacts on and then I can think again. The problem is with the design of DNS that there is a single root zone that needs to be coordinated and that's done in a multi-stakeholder way. So actually we have not had many problems with the US government intervening in ICANN so it's also a bit of a theoretical exercise. I think it's good because we're trying to understand better how this multi-stakeholder thing can work, whether it will work and whether it will make things better that remains to be seen. It's really too quick because it's only been October last year that it's gotten independent. But we're trying to do some analysis of automated analysis of mailing lists and of discussions to see how the balance shifts but what we do see and that is quite interesting is that there is a huge influx of governments in ICANN to join the conversation which is kind of legitimizing the multi-stakeholder model but on the other hand the government are only advising and not in the policy making trenches so it is such a weird beast. It still remains to be seen how this works which could radically be disrupted if we come up with something as a name coin had this implementation of DNS in the blockchain, right? Yeah, blockchain is going to change everything but you could imagine DNS done differently and that would come with other affordances. So it's... Yeah, Harry Halpin. Yes, XW3C. So I do want to mention quick note on the patent issue. So one thing that would be awesome if the IETF did and one thing that the W3C, the web standards body did correctly is they essentially have royalty free licensing so you have to remember even free and open source software can have patents. You are not immunized from patents unfortunately by using a GPL so therefore I would like standards bodies like the IETF to have better patent policies because I've definitely been on some crypto mailing lists in the IETF where people are just like literally emailing the mailing list and being like I can't read that last email because the IETF says you have to disclose all known patents so if there is a patent but you don't know about it, it's okay. It's a bit dangerous. It's better that they have the companies explicitly declare all patents and promise to license them royalty free forever.  Could you please come to your question?  So at IETF 101 in London in March next year we're organizing a hackathon on privacy and human rights considerations for the W3C to address exactly this and work for two days on seeing how we can integrate these concepts also in the W3C. People from the W3C will be there and I really hope that some of you will join us there too. I'm going to tweet it. Is it good? I'm at Neil Steneuver. So it's the two days ahead of the IETF 101 meeting. So we had a really good hackathon before the last IETF on HTTP status code 451 which makes legal censorship more visible but we now also really want to hack on web standards so that's going to be for IETF 101 and I'd love you to be there Harry. And thanks for fighting the DRM fight. We're not done yet. Hi. You said that we should join IETF probably to help you in doing your fights but it's my understanding that IETF is completely split in half over this topic. If it's even their concern, you know, they say we are technical people, at least one half and the other half says maybe we can take this into consideration but it's still unclear if they are the right people to address with that topic. So I think actually that the situation in the IETF is a bit better because we had a plenary talk not the last but the IETF before that where Dave Clark, one of these early Internet inventors and us talked about human rights and the fact that the Internet Architecture Board organized a plenary talk about that and there was large agreement that this is important and that the IETF should engage on it. That's a good thing. How that's going to be done remains to be seen and indeed in the TLS discussion, it was about half-half but I also had a strong feeling that the deck was a bit stacked there. So it's also for us to get engaged and help us also influence on the other side. It doesn't mean you can't and you all know when you get into the IETF you can just do a hand-wave. You need to come with arguments but that will also help us to understanding because no one understands what the Internet will be. We get to shape it. Great. There appear to be no more questions. Could I have a warm round of applause for our great speaker?


All right, we're just here at book soup. Just bought a how to win friends and influence people looks good, right? Ali, yeah, and she got a Kitchen, I mean not a studio 54 book She likes to party.  You're trying to do big things without a doubt your ability to Have powerful social skills, whether it's networking whether it's finding mentors finding investors It all comes down to a few principles always use by the way $100 bookmarks why? It's not to show off is to remind you that if you read this book, there's a lot of value in it not just Financially but in all ways in life, so we're gonna head back to the office here. Let me see if I can get you in brought the Ferrari out So I you know watch the edge here don't scrape So the most powerful things that I've learned when it comes to social skills You all right you in there?  I don't know what happened to my hair the top down on this thing spiders are awesome, but Don't go too fast anyway So the first thing is don't get intimidated. You got to stay cool Every human is on the same path no matter how powerful they are today in a hundred years They'll be dead keep that in mind no matter how beautiful somebody is They won't be beautiful in a hundred years All of us are on the same path and since we're all on the same and I actually read an interesting book I think it's by Mladenow the guy the physicist from Caltech and he said all humans are Descended from 70 women Humans are very close to each other So don't get intimidated because being intimidated and showing a lot of weakness to people Will inevitably turn them off. No one wants to be around somebody who's desperate. So number two Is don't be cocky So sometimes people are either too shy and intimidated or they're flip side you can't post up one time I made a mistake I had a billionaire guy and his first Ferrari I ever had not this one another one and I showed up at the Airport and I was trying to act all cool like I was you know, can you press the start button? And by the way, I shouldn't talk too much probably nobody wants to hear from me Holly's a little bit shy, but you moved here from Kentucky. I did you were Miss, Kentucky So she knows Donald Trump if you're looking at the political race, but You didn't know anybody here and you had to network. Yeah, I came here all on my own drove here You know across the country and you just figure it out. You meet people you network and and you're not she doesn't really get into You don't get intimidated. You're pretty cool under pressure. Yeah, she didn't even need this book She didn't need those hundred dollar bills. She's a capricorn though Capricorn's always appreciate a hundred dollar bills bookmarks Anyway, so The number two thing, you know when I rolled up on this guy in Ferrari at the airport He was a billionaire. It didn't impress him. He was like dude. I got he told me he goes I have a fleet of Ferraris. He's like what'll impress me about you is you just showing me what you know Which leads to number three you got to know stuff and a lot of people say Ty How can I you know be persuasive?  So the beauty is no matter where you are in the world You could be broke like I was broke sleeping on a couch 40 bucks in your 47 bucks in my bank account You could be in the same situation then whatever it is You can still know a lot of stuff because you can pick up a book you can go to put you can go on YouTube now You can start to become knowledgeable and you don't have to be knowledgeable about everything Warren Buffett the billionaire investor says Just have a circle of confidence. Just keep your knowledge in a tight circle and you'll impress people So there's a lot more things check out the book You've never read it before right She's gonna read it And along with that that's a bad-ass coffee table book if you never heard the story I used to own a lot of nightclub So this is like the original nightclub studio 54 by the way check out this shirt somebody made for me the good life health wealth love and happiness and it's got my Website somebody mailed this so whoever mailed this to me Thank you for the president and you want to hold the camera while I drive for a second I Can't go too fast. There's a lot of people on sunset All right, that's how fast you could go people always are like dude. Why don't you go fast on these videos? I'm like it's Hollywood guys. You see Phil turn the camera around. That's about how fast you can go So anyway Here you can hold it again. So here's a question for you.  Okay to the winner It's not gonna be a Ferrari 458 spider, but I'm gonna give away a car and I'm giving stuff away every Friday I have this little thing called invest in others I believe people helped me when I was starting out They didn't always help me with contests or money, but they gave some time They my mentors taught me what they knew and so I believe in investing back in other people So I'm doing this thing so subscribe here Wherever you're watching this make sure you subscribe because I'm just gonna pick randomly from the subscribers every Friday And I'm doing some flash contest stuffs too and at the end of the year. I'm gonna pick somebody So give him a car. Okay, so anyway subscribe by the way, what's the number one thing you ever learned about people dealing with people? Old school golden rule can't beat that. All right guys peace out


Unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, are being used more frequently in precision agriculture applications, such as monitoring crops for disease or nutrient deficiencies. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how UAVs can be used to capture multispectral imagery and analyze it using various indices to determine the health of crops. They found that the NDVI, GNDVI, and SAVI indices could be used to detect differences between healthy and unhealthy crops. Additionally, they showed that the use of UAVs can provide faster and cheaper data collection than traditional methods, making them ideal for precision agricultural applications. This article was authored by Sebastian Candiado, Fabio Riemondino, Mikayla de Giglio, and others.


hey good morning once again welcome to a new week everyone can hear me okay let's begin this time with the word of prayer so I request any one of us to please lead us in prayer mangy can you please lead us in prayer holy father thank you for new week you've given us thank you for this opportunity to learn again and as we learn about our marketplace minister we prefer that you open our hearts to receive and to let your Holy Spirit expand on what we are learning Lord so that we we are effective both in in our work with you and also in our interaction of people we pray all this in the mighty name of Christ amen amen thank you mangy all right before we get into today's class let's just do a quick review of what we did last week last week we completed chapter 2 looked at how even as we are in the workplace we can expect unusual favors so we saw the example of Daniel and Joseph and we also learned that you know we need to build in a certain place which means no don't keep moving around but settle down right take a review revise and refine the work that we are doing and then we also looked at a very important point which is avoid the donkey and the horse syndrome the donkey is too slow to move ahead the horse is always going ahead without any guidance so avoid that syndrome wait on the Lord wait for his direction wait for his leading and remember that the steps of a good man are ordered by the Lord so the Lord will order our steps and then we also looked at how you know with these principles God is calling us to step into the mountain which we which is ahead of us which means whatever God is you know has for us whether it is ministry whether it is government religion media us in entertainment whatever field that God has called us for we are to grow in the gifts and the grace that God has blessed us with alright so let's move into chapter 3 chapter 3 is deals with our personal lives right it's the chapter 3 is right workplace attitudes now attitude is a way of looking at things like our choices our actions our behaviors our habits that's our attitude right our attitude will also determine our character and it goes both ways right so here's the thing to remember not all work environments are the same right so for example you may be working in one company and people may be very good to you you know there's a friendly atmosphere everyone are you know helping each other out and that's wonderful but all of a sudden for example you get a promotion and you move to a new company now the lifestyle or the the essence of that company the people may be very rude they don't really help each other everyone are it's like a rat race everyone want to be the best in what they are doing and you know there's politics there's jealousy all of a sudden you see a change but our attitude is one thing that should not change right we need to develop this and maintain this attitude of of right attitude good attitude godly attitude regardless of our situations around right we can maintain a good attitude when things when people are good office workplaces has a good atmosphere but what about when the atmosphere is not so good in the workplace attitude is a choice it's how we decide to look at things right so if we look at things and say okay this is a very bad company I don't want to work here obviously when you know when we go to work we'll feel oh man I don't want to work here the people are not good right or you know these are the things that happen to me and so we're having the right workplace attitude will always contribute not only to your personal life but also to the organization right now just because some of us may be in ministry doesn't mean this does not apply to us it very much applies to us right now we see that a lot of churches ministries are gaining structure they have offices they have leadership they have you know work hours in place and they have a Monday to Friday work no office and so all of this what we are talking about does not only apply for the marketplace but it also applies for the us in ministry right you may be somebody who has started your own ministry and you know you don't really work for somebody but these attitudes will help us to build you know the the essence of what your ministry is about right so we're going to look at a couple of points on how attitude will help us in our ministry or in the workplace right so I'm on page 30 in the book chapter 3 right play workplace attitude on the point your attitude almost always determines your altitude that's wonderful your attitude determines your altitude meaning how high you go if you've got an attitude of you know I just don't mind being in the same place then we will remain there let's look at Daniel chapter 6 and verse 3 yes could one of us please read Daniel chapter 6 and verse 3 I could do Daniel 6 3 then this Daniel distinguished himself above the governor's and the satraps because an excellent spirit was in him and the king thought to setting him over the whole realm wonderful thank you Samuel so what do we see here let me give you a little bit of a background the Babylonians come they take captive Daniel and few of his friends and Daniel is a young man he's there in Babylon and what happened what does it say here Daniel had an excellent spirit in him and now Daniel was in the government for three empires the Babylonians then the Meads come in and the Persians the dryers right so for three government three world empires he was governing Babylon now why was that so because he has an excellent spirit in him and not only that the Persian king the rise said I'm gonna make you Daniel I heard about you from the Babylonians I've heard about your work and how the work that you did as as governor of this you know Babylon and all that you did to this place I heard about it so you will be the leader over everything over all the provinces now while his enemies were trying to bring him down the end his you know his he had a lot of enemies they tried all they can to bring him down but the Bible says this wonderful thing they could not find anything wrong in Daniel's work he was perfect there was an excellent spirit in him in the same job or in the same office we can say the people were against Daniel but the leader the king said hey Daniel I'm gonna make you ruler of everything on one side they wanted to pull him down on the other side the king is saying I'm gonna make you a leader so our grace our gifts and skills that we bring to the workplace and our attitudes set us apart right if our attitude is right if our attitude is that of a positive attitude we get recognition from leaders we get recognition from people we get recognition God will begin to open doors for us and and it's a wonderful thing to have a positive attitude right now even in ministry you know I've met a lot of young people you know they tell me you know I joined Bible college or I joined this course but I stopped studying in between said what happened I said no I I felt that it was too much to study and you know as they talk we get to know the attitude that they have towards you know the studies they've taken up sometimes we have students here who have taken up MBBS they were studying to be a doctor there are different kinds of students here that we meet some students say oh it is so difficult and you know of course it is difficult but we can make out the attitude in which they talk and then other students who said I'm enjoying pastor I like what I'm doing even though it's difficult this is what I wanted to do and it's so wonderful to see that positive attitude and what happens our attitude will determine our altitude Daniel was you know tried was was being set up by his colleagues okay we catch this guy how do we catch him through only through God and so they tried to set him up even that didn't work when he knew that he's going to be thrown into the lion's den he knew it if he prays to another God he'll be thrown into the lion's den that did not change his attitude towards the situation we don't read about Daniel going back and you know crying and fasting and praying no the Bible says he opened the windows you look towards Jerusalem and as usual he prayed to God so his attitude to the whole thing didn't didn't change at all so even when we are faced we may be thrown into the lion's den so to speak people attacking us from all the sides let not our attitude change let's remain let's you know keep that positive attitude knowing that God is on our side as long as we have done the right thing as long as we have obeyed God obeyed our leaders we've done the right thing God is with us right to do all for the glory of God first Corinthians 10 31 let's read first Corinthians chapter 10 and verse 31 yes any one of us I agree let's go ahead Christopher our one Corinthians 10 31 therefore whether you eat or drink or whatever you do do all to the glory of God amen thank you Christopher so Paul is writing here to the Corinthians and he's saying whatever you do whether you eat drink work sleep play whatever it is do it for the glory of God so basically what Paul is saying is let your motivation to do things be right right we are motivated our motivation is what drives us right we are motivated like each one of us here you are motivated to join the Bible College right that's a motivation it's something that drives you towards it right and then our motivation inspires us it stimulates us it helps us to keep going right now there are different reasons for people to be motivated right now if you look at companies and especially now the IT companies that are just you know growing so big different companies have different incentives you would say you know some companies may say I'll give you and your family medical benefits any problem everything will be cashless you can go you can have all the medical help that you need some companies provide you know financial aid some companies bonuses some provide you know money for you know home expenses also some companies who provide for educational loans and so all kinds of companies have different incentives that they provide which is wonderful but our motivation to work our motivation to do any kind of work whether it's in the marketplace or ministry should be to give glory to God right so even as maybe some of us are already in the ministry you're planning to join the ministry what is your motivation right is the motivation you know just so that you know we can stand in front of the church and preach for our people and gain recognition now that would be the wrong motivation or is the motivation God I want to bring glory to your name I want you to impact many lives through me use me as a channel of your blessing now that would be the right motivation like the more we are motivated the more we will be able to do something for God but I remember this you know just 2021 in December we were talking to the you know every Christmas season we have carols and the malls and this year you know with all the persecution and things that are happening the anti-conversion bill so many of them said you know it came up to me and they said don't do this you know it's going to be a big trouble it's going to be a big problem people will stop you you may get into trouble and I thought about it and I kept it aside I said yes it's not the right time to do carols and one day I was just sitting and reading the word of God and this whole verse came up to me and it says I'm not giving you the spirit of fear but of power love and sound mind and I thought to myself God I'm doing whatever I won't do I want to give glory to your name so it's not about me whether you know it's a PC or whether this church that church it's about the opportunity that God gives us and the opportunity to take it and give glory to God so I called up the malls and I said you know we'll come and do the carols can you give us dates they were happy they gave us dates and we just did it right we did the carols and all the malls and praise God for protection nothing really happened but here's what happened after that I kept telling the team as we were moving to different carols and different malls it was on different dates but I kept telling the team this as you are doing this remember you're giving glory to God it's not about our gifts and talents give glory to God thank God for the opportunity and so we did all the carols and then in one of the malls the organizers came up to us and said it was very nice the carols was very good and so our senior managers are thinking about 2022 as well is it okay if you can go to Hyderabad go to Mumbai and you know there was another city he mentioned Hyderabad and Mumbai and he was open to you know doing the carols in all these places for us so I thought to myself to this malls what if we hadn't you know gone there and done this whole carols but God was faithful right so what I'm trying to say is whatever we do when we give glory to God God will open many more doors for us maybe it's in the workplace you're working you know the whole six seven hours in front of the laptop working on assignments or working on targets that has to be achieved it could be strenuous but here's the thing we say God I thank you for this job I thank you that as I'm doing this I'm giving glory to you God will begin to bless the work of our hands right so let's remain to have that attitude thought it's not me it's all about you and what you have done for me third point keep your ambition kingdom focused let's read Matthew chapter 6 and verse 33 Matthew 6 33 let's go ahead anybody Matthew 6 Matthew 6 33 but sick first the kingdom of God and his righteousness and all these things should be added to you amen thank you mangi now this is a verse that all of us have probably quoted in our sermons or even as we speak to people seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness all the other things shall be added on to you so what is Matthew trying to focus you're saying first things first put God first in everything that we do seek first the kingdom of God and all the other things concerning our work concerning our families are apart from work whatever needs to be you know done God will make it come to pass right how do so maybe some of us may ask the question you know I'm working in the IT company Monday to Friday or Monday to even Saturday how can I seek first the kingdom of God and my company I've got all the numbers I've got these targets I've got people around me some are good some are bad and the environment in this place is this way how can I seek first the kingdom of God here's how we do it God is calling us whether in the marketplace or whether in the ministry to seek his righteousness which means seek to do what is right in God's kingdom our focus even it may be something in you know completely out of ministry right you may feel that this is not something God is interested in but no God is interested in it when we focus ourselves and say God I'm putting you first I want to know that what I'm doing in my work is it pleasing in your sight and when we think of that and avoid the distractions that are there around us we will be able to you know give God the glory we will be able to seek the kingdom of God first let me give you this example of I think most of us have heard of this you know singer named Elvis Presley you're growing up he wanted to be a gospel singer he loves the Lord he grew up in a very Christian environment and growing up he would you know always sing hymns he would be a church singing but he always kept telling his brother I want to do something for the church I want to do something so he writes in his biography that you know he always wanted to do something in the ministry he felt that call it called him towards the ministry and he always had that ambition but what happened was at a young age he tasted you know success he's tasted freedom he tasted you know wealth and all the things of this world that pulled him away from being kingdom-minded you know his brother wrote in this article saying that there would be millions of people around the world waiting to see him and waiting to talk to him and meet him but after every concert he will go back to his room and he will sit on the piano and he will play how great thou art with tears streaming down his eyes and I would look at my brother and I would think why is he crying and the whole world wants to be like him and he's got all the wealth he's got all the money he's got everything that he his heart desires but he sits and he plays how great thou art on the piano and he cries why later on his brother realized that that was not he knew that what he was doing was not kingdom focus he knew that it was not something that was giving glory to God somewhere deep in his heart he knew it and so here's the thing even as we focus on our dreams our goals pursuits for what God wants us to do remember that it should be kingdom focused I'm not saying that we are not to make money not to build a house not to buy a car that's all important that's required but the focus is God I want you to be glorified in in my work I want you to glorify it to be glorified in everything that I do so that is the focus right let's go to the next point if if you have any questions any thoughts feel free to unmute and you can and just share your thoughts and questions right next point always remember there is more to life and just making money let's read Proverbs 11 verse 28 Proverbs 11 28 yes anyone Proverbs 11 verse 28 Proverbs 11 28 he who trust in his riches will fall but the righteous will flourish like foliage amen thank you mangy so this is I think one of the most basic things that we must remember as believers money wealth and riches is not everything in life right our pursuit in life is only not about you know earning more money you know buying another house buying another house buying cars that's that's not the pursuit that we must have in life right there are more things than money right sometimes you wait to go up the corporate ladder we want to go up we want to go up and the focus is money now it's not wrong to go not to pursue to go up the corporate ladder but if only money is in our mind remember that God is your master and money is your slave Luke chapter 16 verse 13 Jesus writes Jesus so beautifully no servant can be the slave of two masters such a slave will hate one and love the other or be loyal to one and despise the other you cannot serve both God and money so we must be careful you know there are certain intangibles in life meaningful relationships serving people solving problems fulfilling God's purpose in our life these are things that are intangibles this is worth more than money right so we don't take the extremes of both sides we don't say okay I work only for money and have only money in the mind and then there's this other side who says no I don't need any money right so that again would be wrong so we need to balance ourselves right so we've seen sometimes these over super spiritual people say I don't need money God will provide for my needs now we need money it's a resource that God has blessed us with but our trust and our hope should not only be on money let me give you this wonderful example that I read many years back and still with me there's this tennis player I think I've used this example the tennis player named Andrea Garcia he was a five-time Wimbledon champion as a young boy you know all he wanted to do was play tennis he's about five six years old so he was willing to get up in the early mornings go for trainings and his mind was focused on winning the Wimbledon from six years old so that's all he wanted to do so all these you know there were birthday parties there were family trips he would miss all of that right because he said no no one day you know I want to be the Wimbledon champion and I want to you know achieve these things I want to achieve get a lot of money as well become famous and become rich through this and so he worked really hard and finally at a very young age he won the Wimbledon in his early 20s he won the Wimbledon and he came back home that night from the Wimbledon and he put he put the trophy on his you know maybe his rack and in his biography he writes that when he looked at that trophy and he looked at the money that he had won and made through this whole Wimbledon he said he felt empty it was then when he started feeling suicidal tendencies he said all my life I've been working towards winning this Wimbledon champion and wanting to become rich now that I've won it I see the trophy here I see the money that I have but all of this makes me still feel empty and then he went through depression he went through suicidal tendencies he had to go through counseling medications so much what are we trying to say that money is not everything in life fame is not everything in life when we put the Lord Jesus at the center and then when we receive the blessings of God then we will see you know whatever little or whatever the God has blessed us with it will be sufficient now Proverbs writes many verses where we say that you know it is like the rich people it's like putting money into a purse which has holes in it all of a sudden we realize hey I've been earning the whole month and I've got my pay and where is all the money gone it's gone into a whole into a pocket with holes in it and so life is not only about money if making money becomes a soul motivator another important thing is we may end up in sin we start taking bribes crooked means violating rules you know cheating people for money even hurting people for money and I think one of the most you know one very sad to say this but there are places where people say you give me so much money I will prophesy on you you give me so much money and I will you know heal you and so prophecies are going for sale healings are going on sale and why is that why is all this happening in the ministry because of the love of money so we should avoid it God is your master money is your slave remember that God can create things into being for you right so always always remember that in ministry in the corporate field as well remember that God is your master money is your slave and so you decide how money how to treat money and not the other way around all right next point everyone okay everyone with me my too fast shall we move on to the next point any thoughts any questions okay all right let's go to the next point always walk in the fear of the Lord Proverbs 15 16 let's read one of us please read Proverbs 15 16 Proverbs 15 16 a better is a little with the fear of the Lord then great treasure with the trouble amen thank you Abinas right better is little with the fear of the Lord now we all know this is not talking about fear as in how we get fear for things around us but now to walk in the fear of the Lord is to walk in reverence and honor of our God so it means to be always conscious that what I'm doing is it pleasing in the sight of God is it is it in line with what God wants me to do am I conscious that am I in every aspect am I walking in reverence am I walking in the fear of the Lord so for example we can ask ourselves this question this does this honor God does this demonstrate reverence to God is it right in the eyes of God and you know and remember this when I was in Bible college you know we used to meet in the cloud and we had first year and second year it was a DTH course and I remember you know sometimes there would be you know people would you know scratch the tables or you know the chairs would be damaged and I would feel really bad I'll tell the students you know I was a junior but I would tell the students why are we doing this we need to respect what what we have you know me a few of my friends say we should not do this we should is it honoring God is it to is it something that you know God is pleased with and and here's the thing it's only chairs and tables right it has nothing to do with ministry or but here's the thing when we have the fear of the Lord even the smallest things that we do will you know will question us is it something that is right in the sight of God right I also remember you know there was this young man in my class and he was he was from a rural place of India and so he had joined our Bible college and young man right early 20s but he found English very difficult very difficult right so he would he would sit next to me in class and he wouldn't understand anything so it's a polite I don't understand anything I said I used to tell him don't worry as you pick up as the weeks go by you'll pick up you'll do well but he had never spoken English he's never heard English he was part from the rural villages of India but it was too difficult you know the first semester he did quite badly in all his subjects and they said okay you know this is not how we can do it you know you have to improve your grades and all of it and he tried his best right but one thing he's he you know we had certain rules you gotta wake up at 5 a.m. for prayer there was the afternoon prayer there was a night prayer the 21 days of fasting prayer and the five days of prayer for all these places he would wake up you know he would be on time he would wake up exactly before 4 4 5 o'clock 5 a.m. 4 45 all the students will be asleep and he would wake up and he would you know get freshened up 5 o'clock exactly he will start being in a pray right nobody's there to tell you know to tell you okay you have to get up and pray it's your own personal thing and then in the fasting prayers he's there fasting and praying and one thing that I saw was and I told him see you're finding the studies hard but I what I see in you is you have the fear of the Lord in you and the Bible teaches that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom right and and so I told him I used to tell him you know you can do this don't worry you know he graduated from our Bible college learning two instruments and with grade a in all his subjects he graduated how because he had the fear of the Lord in him initially it was you know there were it was too difficult for him but the fear of the Lord is in us it gives us the wisdom to do well God really blessed him now he's in full-time ministry he's pastoring a church right so it's wonderful when you know it's not only about being having fears Lord when exams are round no it's even when every aspect of our life is regarding family am I doing the right thing for my family am I doing the right thing for my children fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom if we want to grow in wisdom if we want to grow in in the way we minister the way we are at work and we are praying God grant me wisdom remember the fear of the Lord will help us gain that wisdom right Proverbs 22 4 says by humility and the fear of the Lord are riches and honor and life and we have fear of the Lord riches and honor and life is ours so let's remember that even as we are preparing ourselves for the ministry or even in the workplace it's remember to have the fear of the Lord in us walk and reverence somebody tells you you know can you make this file can you just add something just do this and send it to send it to me what is our response you can say no does this honor God that's not so then say no let's do it the right way right or there will be people who are cheating and you know for promotion or whatever but our way is to do things in the right way that is honoring and pleasing to God right let's go to the next point the fruit of the Spirit are winning attitudes and we are to walk in the fruit of the Spirit right so let's read Galatians chapter 5 22 and 23 Galatians 5 22 and 23 yes go ahead anyone go ahead Anita sister yeah thank you but the Spirit produces love joy peace patience kindness goodness faithfulness humility and self-control there is no law against such things as this amen thank you Anita but the Spirit produces I'm sure we all know the fruit of the Spirit love joy peace patience kindness goodness faithfulness some versions say gentleness the good news version says humility and self-control right now the presence and work of the Holy Spirit will work in us as as we work in our office in our whatever work that God has given us we can ask the fruit of the Holy Spirit to manifest because they are winning attitudes they are attitudes that will help us in our workplace right now imagine you know that everyone are angry with each other imagine this atmosphere in an office you know everyone are angry with each other there's no peace right but you walk into your office every day and you're not angry but you're at peace you're laughing you're joyful you have you know you're walking in humility and then people ask you hey you know all the bad things are happening to us and our team why why is it that you are not upset one of the things that we can say is I'm not upset because I'm led by the Holy Spirit the Holy Spirit the fruit of the Holy Spirit in me now the key word here it's not fruits it's fruit right these are different a sense of one fruit the fruit meaning like for example if it's an apple the apple has love joy peace patience kindness generous faithfulness and self-control so it's all in one so we can say Holy Spirit even as I go to work you know the place the work the atmosphere the workplace is bad people are fighting mocking each other jealous of each other and there's no kind of order but Lord I know that you have given me the fruit of the Spirit I will walk in love I will walk in joy I will walk in peace walking in patience and kindness and gentleness right what happens people will notice our character people will notice our attitudes and everything will change even as we consider these nine traits let's look at them one by one what what do they really mean we may be able to say it but how can I apply these nine traits in my life applied in my family and in the workplace or even in the ministry let's look at these nine gifts first one love demonstrating compassion care concern for people I think how can I demonstrate compassion to my boss when he's you know always putting me down or he's not giving me any opportunity and everyone else are getting the best and I'm getting nothing remember the Lord Jesus said love your enemies is it easy now I heard that it's the fruit of the Spirit you need to demonstrate compassion and love to joy positive happy passionate enthusiasm exuberance about life so imagine everyone are walking into office their sleepy groggy irritated of what is going to happen in the day or we have three meetings meetings are going to go on for two hours but the joy of the Lord is our strength you can say God it's going to be a tiring day it's a long day ahead of us for the joy of the Lord will be my strength help me to be positive help me to be passionate about the work that I have then he got peace a sense of calmness composure and serenity I like that word composure you know in the midst of the storm you can be at peace at what God has given you sometimes maybe in even this happens even in ministry where you know we may feel restless about the things that are happening may get tiresome may get very in the workplace we may think oh I've got a hit ten hours or 15 hours sometimes got to work on the weekdays we may feel stressed out it's a natural thing but God the Holy Spirit gives us peace where we can even in those stressful days and stressful moments we can keep our composure and say God I know you are my peace you are the peace that passeth all understanding help me to trust in that peace then we have patience firm endurance commitment willing to stick with things patience is something that we all really need you know in the workplace even in ministry sometimes we're all in a hurry to you know to become to earn money and or to go up the ladder and sometimes it's by hook or by crook or sometimes by hook and by crook but here's the thing God is calling us to be patient all through the scriptures we read that when God chooses people no matter what whether it's in the ministry whether it's in the workplace God always trains people before he uses them most often he does that and we did look at this last semester as well you know he trained Moses in the desert he trained Paul for 17 years he trained you know Joseph for another 17 years David was trained for 17 years they were all given wonderful prophetic words and he had a great future ahead of them but God made them wait patience is important so we are not you know in a place where you say no I want this fast I want this fast by next year I should be there it's good to plan out but if God is asking us to be patient let's be patient kindness gentleness in word and deed when we are kind to others it just reciprocates like I'm sure some of us may I've gone through this you know you're going on the in the traffic and then maybe somewhere we did something wrong right and what happens you know you know oh I did this wrong I shouldn't have taken this turn and the other person opposite gets upset what happens if you give them a smile 10 out of 10 times they're not going to shout they'll just smile back what happens when you know you're going on the traffic and somebody else makes a mistake and you're on the receiving end and what happens when they smile very unlikely we'll say what are you laughing at we will not say that right that smile will change everything of that situation say okay it's all right go ahead I'm sure it's happened to us kindness is word and deed shown to the other person goodness is demonstrating generosity faithfulness being sincere being dependable having and loyal to your commitments very important right if you make certain commitments to people be loyal to try to keep your commitments like humility meekness no matter how big we grow no matter how high we go up that ladder no matter how much we know around us walk in humility God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble finally self-control self-governing ability able to you know control our thoughts our words our actions many a times you know I've seen some of my you know when I was working in the adi companies I've seen some of my team members they would say you know how can he do this no they don't have self-control then they go and they shouted the team leader the team leader receives it but later on he gets a warning letter they say oh then it happens again they get a termination letter and that's what happened to one of my friends now a person in my team he got upset he shouted he got a warning letter then he a couple of months later he did the same thing and then they just called him aside during one break time called him took him to the conference room they said today's your last day please sign your termination letter and he was in shock he he I remember he was telling me I've got a loan and the only one working oh I'm so sorry but they did not listen I thought to myself it's so important to have self-control learn how to direct our energies wisely yes I'm not saying we don't get upset we get upset but when you know problem says some wonderful principles that we can use and we're upset just keep quiet just keep quiet let let the situation you know let your mind become cool and then you can make the right decisions as the Bible say in your anger do not sin right so that we the worst time to make decisions is when you're angry so imagine that each one of us can walk in these in this fruit of the spirit all nine aspects love joy peace patience kindness goodness faithfulness gentleness and self-control and even as we do that these are winning attitudes the Holy Spirit will empower us for greater things in the workplace in the ministry so let's stop here we'll pick up from the next point tomorrow and we will look to please finishing most of this chapter tomorrow itself all right any questions any thoughts shall be closed in prayer okay let's close in prayer can anyone's anyone of us Abinas can you close in prayer for us please yes pastor okay let's pray dear heavenly Father we thank you for this beautiful time and the moment that you have given us to learning Father God your word Lord Jesus thank you Father God Father God for excellence teachers Father God that you have provided Father God to keep ourself Father God and equip ourselves Lord Jesus Father God we pray that Lord Jesus we give us you give us the most strength and wisdom and the knowledge to understand your secret things Father God in our life so that we can apply in our ministries in our workplace Father God we pray for everything Lord Jesus we submit all of students and the teachers into your mighty and Father God we give our give you all the glory and honor to you Lord and we ask this prayer in Jesus mighty name amen amen amen thank you everyone thank you for joining have a great day ahead I'll see you tomorrow God bless thank you pastor God bless you too


Jinsing root is a popular herbal medicine. Like the word panacea, jinsing's Latin name panax is derived from the Greek for cure-all. It can extend the lives of fruit flies and microscopic worms, but not mice. What about people? Well, there have been more than 100 clinical trials using various jinsing formulations, but the results have been underwhelming. A meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials found jinsing did not appear to significantly affect the duration of illness, but did appear to reduce the risk of developing acute upper respiratory infections in the first place. Digging deeper, however, the preventive benefit appears limited to Asian jinsing, which cut infection risk in half compared to placebo, as opposed to American jinsing that only reduced risk 16%, which did not reach statistical significance. Asian jinsing can then be further divided up by processing method. White jinsing is Asian jinsing root that's simply been washed and dried, whereas red jinsing is the same root, but undergoes an additional step of steaming before drying. Red jinsing is often used for male erectile dysfunction. While it doesn't appear to help with female sexual dysfunction, a meta-analysis of a half-dozen randomized controlled trials found that 4 to 12 weeks of 1.8 to 3 grams a day of Korean red jinsing can improve erectile dysfunction compared to placebo. 58% of men experienced an improvement in sexual function compared to 20% of men in the placebo group. This may be due to an improvement in artery function demonstrated within 3 hours of consumption. Of course, this is assuming there's actually jinsing in your jinsing. Jinsing is a multi-billion dollar industry and as such suffers from intentional contamination with cheaper filler substitutes, some of which may not be benign. If you're quote-unquote jinsing supplement turns out to be just powdered soybeans, then you've just wasted your money. But for example, if it's been spiked with illicit horse pain killer, it's worse than a waste. A study of the more than 500 jinsing products sold in a dozen countries across six continents found that 24% were adulterated. This is consistent with so-called immune-boosting supplements. In general, a 2022 analysis found that most such products failed to match what was on their labels. Maybe it's good there's no jinsing in your jinsing? From an oxidative stress standpoint, American, Chinese, and Korean jinsing all have been shown to acutely protect against free radical-induced DNA damage within hours of consumption, but one longer-term trial raised red flags. Although four weeks of Korean jinsing reduced levels of oxidative stress, four months of American jinsing about a quarter teaspoon a day of whole root powder caused an uptick in DNA damage, until it can be shown that chronic intake of other jinsings aren't also DNA damaging, I'd recommend steering clear. Approximately 10% of users suffer from what's been termed jinsing abuse syndrome, which manifests as high blood pressure, nervousness, sleeplessness, skin eruptions, and morning diarrhea. Of course it may not actually be from jinsing itself, but rather adulterants in some supposed jinsing product. What if you randomize people to jinsing that's been officially authenticated? In a multicentered, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled safety trial, a thousand people were randomized to 2 grams a day of red jinsing or placebo for six months. And the jinsing group 345 adverse effects were recorded, but the placebo group had 389 adverse events. Each of the top 5 quote-unquote side effects were documented more often in the placebo group. Outside of a clinical trial, though, it's hard to know what you're going to get. Aside from the abuse syndrome symptoms, there have been case reports of manic psychosis, estrogenic effects, and increased surgical bleeding. And so some recommend jinsing should be avoided in those expected to undergo surgery, those with a predisposition to mania, estrogen-dependent disease, hypertension, or hyperthyroidism.


Great. Let's talk a little about all the other things that we can do with convolutions. So what we did so far is 2D convolution. What we have is we have a 2D image of feature tensor and we go over it as a function of space. Now the kernel moves in two dimensions in that case but of course there's cases for example videos where we deal with three-dimensional data. In that case we want as output to have a 3D matrix for example about how things move in space. We will need 3D input. Keep in mind a video is x by y by time and the kernel is then three-dimensional. The kernel goes through that entire 3D stack and the output therefore will be three-dimensional. I also want to mention other applications where convolutions are useful. For example on speech recognition. A lot of people when we talk about speech recognition immediately think we call neural networks and indeed they're great at less DMs for example but in a lot of cases we can be very good using conv nets on speech. For example 10 layers with 3 by 5 convolutions and 3 by 1 pooling. For example in the timid class and classifying phonemes. I want to mention here the possibility of graph convolutions. There's some beautiful introductions and the application would go beyond what we can do in this class but what's the basic idea? A convolution for matrices is just a local combination of entries in a matrix but let's say we have a graph for example people connected with their friends. We can say a local combination is I take the people that are my friends and I propagate something from them to me and in that sense we can do the same thing that we do with local features of matrices with local features of graphs. Local is just the adjacent nuance and so forth and that's just the tip of the iceberg. There's all kinds of prompts that can be used for example when we learn about molecules, citations, social networks and things like that. They're also important in many natural language processing cases. For example in text classification there are still significant cases where conv nets are state of the art. Importantly conv nets are relatively easy to train on relatively small computers. Now another application of conv nets is in biology and because in a way I come from biology I want to talk briefly about this. Biology has lots of publicly available data. Order 10 to the 8 different protein sequences 10 to the 7 RNA transcripts 10 to the 6 human gene expression profiles and so on and so forth. So from biology we have these massive data sets that come in that are truly important and may hold the close to how we should better treat people when they have a disease. The amount of that data is very rapidly increasing. Here you see the amount of terabytes of SRA data which is an important data type in biology and you can see how quickly it grows over time. This is in terms of terabytes on the y-axis on the x-axis the year where they have that data. So you see that it's growing extremely rapidly. Now convolution often fits well. Why? Well biological processes happen in real space so if something happens locally it could have happened at a different place so it has the same property where objects like cans occur in a given position in the same way a biological phenomenon can happen at a given space and as such translational equivalences often a good choice and we want to have translation invariant recognition of the relevant phenomena. Here's for example an example of protein. What do non-coding mutations mutations outside of the genes encoding RNA do? Now mind you on RNA this is a long string that is ultimately used to make proteins but we have on our genome we have parts that are not made into RNA so what's their role? So we know that non-coding mutations can lead to conditions like polyductally or increased stressor of various diseases. There are billions of potential mutations out there. How do we know which ones are important? Well we can look according to the ideas of confnets we can believe that there's something local about them that tells us about potential to produce diseases so what's the solution here? We use very large data biological data sets as inputs. We train a confnet to predict important features that could for example be DNA hypersensitivity, TF binding, histone max and so forth they all have important biological meaning and then we can use the model to predict what would change if there was a mutation at a given place. So what's the idea? As input we take the genomic sequences and now just like we did with images we can say locally we extract features we have lots of local features we put them together and as we go through the network we basically move between convolutions and potentially things like max pooling. Okay and ultimately we can produce interpretable results. We know some aspects about the biology and then we can ask does our network filter that out and we can say we can encode say how important something is by the size of the character which you see here you see the the a's the g's and the t's which happen to be small in that case. Now I just want you to play a little bit with this. This isn't because I want you to solve DNA prams in the future but it's rather I want you to see how this idea of confnets can be important while beyond the domains that computer scientists usually use it and can really have broad applicability to just every aspect of human life. So try out Deepsea and get an idea on how it saw how it sorts of outputs it produces and discuss what kind of other applications of confnets you could envision.