Sumit is a student of privacy journey. So, Sumit is doing his master's in the University of Colorado Boulder and he will the next session is by Sumit and it is on turbulence modeling. So, Sumit, you can start your session. Good afternoon to everybody. Today I'm going to demonstrate the procedure to compile a custom turbulence model on open form version 7 using 1 to 18.04. The sessions based on the work I did under Professor Janani Mam's guidance during my undergraduate studies as part of the FOSC semester long internship. Due to open form being open source and free of cost, it is possible to study the source code in detail and implement custom versions of solvers, turbulence models, etc. In case of RAN's turbulence models, different turbulence models are suited to different types of flows. For example, k epsilon is suited to a certain type of flow, k omega is suited to a certain type of flow. In some special cases, none of the existing turbulence models suit the flow case in which case you have to modify one of the existing turbulence models to actually fit that particular flow case. Of course, it's impossible to implement all such modifications and corrections into one single software. Hence, it is it is beneficial to know the process to compile a custom turbulence model. Today I'll be showing the process to compile the k epsilon model. We will not be making any changes to the source code of the turbulence model itself in this demo, but I will point out at which stage of the process one can carry out modifications to the code. There are some limitations and restrictions. This procedure was developed for open form version 1906 and not version 7, which is what is being used. But the file structures in both cases are compatible. Hence, we can go ahead and use this process for open form version 7 as well. Due to the pre-compiled version, since we are using the pre-compiled version of open form, any change in the version of Ubuntu or any of the dependent libraries may cause the process to fail. So in this case, I will be using Ubuntu version 18.04. We have tried this process with version 20.04, but it did not execute successfully every time. Workshop participants who are using version 20.04 or above are free to try the process, but there is a possibility that it may fail. And also the code dependency for each turbulence model is different. So this process is only restricted to the k epsilon model in case one wants to compile a different turbulence model, the process will be different. Okay, so let us start with the process and switch back to the slide view. First of all, we need to navigate to the working directory of open form and copy the source file for the k epsilon model. To that end, we need to copy paste these two lines in the terminal. Now we have copied the turbulence model files into this directory, which I am showing here. Now the next stage is to actually change the name of the turbulence model because obviously we cannot have two turbulence models with the same name. So let us enter this new directory that we have created. Now we will rename this turbulence model as my k epsilon. Now the folder name has been changed. It is now my k epsilon, but the file names inside this folder is still k epsilon. So we will need to rename the files inside as well. There are two files inside this folder. There is a header file and there is the actual source code file. I will show the same. So in this my k epsilon folder, we have k epsilon dot c, which is the actual source code file and k epsilon dot h, which is the header file. We need to rename both of these into my k epsilon so that it corresponds to the folder name. Ultimately, that is what the name of our turbulence model is going to be. Hello, one small doubt. Could you tell me what is this p and h file? The c file is the source code file, which actually has the source code for the turbulence model and h is the header file. So there are multiple code dependencies. You have to have the mesh data. You have to have the solver data. So all those declarations are contained in the header file. Also, there are several member functions in the source code file for k epsilon. And each of those member functions is declared in the header file. It is more of a coding thing rather than anything physical. It doesn't have a physical connotation per se. It is all coding structure. I'll rename this file k epsilon dot c to my k epsilon dot c. Similarly, I will also rename the k epsilon dot h file to my k epsilon dot h. Now, if we check, you can see that the files have been renamed. However, there is still one thing that is left. The k epsilon, we have renamed the source code files, but the class declaration inside that file is still k epsilon. We will need to change that to my k epsilon as well because that is the name of our new turbulence model. So for that, we will have to insert this command. All instances of k epsilon in the dot c and the dot h file will be replaced by my k epsilon. This is the usage of this command. So let us go and insert it here. Now, if we will open any of the header file or the source code file, we will see that there is all the class instances are called my k epsilon and not just k epsilon. As you can see, all instances of k epsilon have been replaced by my k epsilon. Now, at this point, if there are any modifications that one needs to carry out in the source code, it is possible to do that. So for example, if somebody wants to change the model constants or add some new functions, this can be done over here. This is the part where you can actually modify the turbulence model. Now, once we have created the turbulence model of our choice, we need to actually link it to the open form installation and compile it. To that end, first of all, we need to copy a file called turbulenttransportmodels.c. Now, what this file is, is that it contains a list of the turbulence models which are to be compiled by the compiler. It is a file of macros. So let us go ahead and copy this file into our new directory. I have one small doubt. Yes. Overall, what I understood that you have written your own code and you are trying to compile this code with the open form environment, right? Yes. Okay, thank you. So we have copied the required files into our custom directory, into our new directory. So let us go into that directory and rename turbulenttransportmodels.c. So turbulenttransportmodels.c will tell the compiler which instances of turbulence models are to be compiled in the main install directory. We will rename this file to my turbulenttransportmodels and it will tell the compiler which instances of turbulence models are to be compiled in our new directory. So basically, in this new directory that we have created, we can have n number of different turbulence models. I will just simply copy this file and rename it. So turbulenttransportmodels.c will become my turbulenttransportmodels.c. Okay, now here what we need to do is open this my turbulenttransportmodels.c file and we only need to tell the compiler to compile my k epsilon.c. Hence, we will delete all the other lines in this file and just keep these two lines in the file. So at the end of this step, this is all my turbulenttransportmodels.c should contain. Let's go one step back into the incompressible directory. Now, we need to actually link the new turbulence model to the central openform install. So I will go to explorer. So we see this make file here. In that, we have two files. In the make folder, we have two files, files and options. Now, these are the files which actually help link the turbulence model to the central openform install. So let us open files. So once you open files, you will see all these lines here. We need to replace these lines by the given lines that I have here. So the files folder, so the files file should contain only these two lines. So we will copy these two lines and insert it into our files file here. At this point, you have to be very careful with the spacing of spacing and indent because with these sort of files, it's very critical for the compiler to understand. Let us open options. Now, we need to add three additional lines here. So these two three lines here at the end of exe underscore ilc and lib dot underscore libs will link the new turbulence models to our existing openform installation. Again, at this point, you have to be very careful about the spacing indent and the presence of this backslash here. It has to be exactly the same way. At the end of the step, files should look like this and options should look like this. Now, there are very few steps remaining in this process. So first of all, we need to give the compiler a directory, an ll include directory where it can actually store the files related to compilation. So for that, we will copy this line and insert it in the terminal. Now, it is simply a matter of typing w make and the model will compile. Depending on the system you have, it may take a little longer. So you can see that there is no warning or error message and that means that the model compilation has been successful. To test whether our model works or not, let's do a trial run. What w make ll include does? So w make ll include specifies an ll include directory for the compiler. So the compiler on compilation generates some files and it needs to know the location to store those files. So we are going to be storing those here in incompressible. If I type explorer.exe, you will see that there is this ll include directory. Here is where all the files generated during compilation are stored. W make is just the end command to compile the model. So to test whether our model works or not, let's go back to the main user directory. What I have done is I have copied the PITS Daily Openform Tutorial Example into this directory in the run directory. Now, to use this new turbulence model, we need to make two changes. First of all, we need to go to constant and we need to change the name of the turbulence model that is specified in turbulence properties. So I have changed the name of the RAS model to be used. It is since our turbulence model is named MyCapsule and that is what we will write here. This is the first stage that we have to do. The second change we have to go to control it and we have created now a new library of incompressible turbulence models and that is now called MyIncompressibleTurbulenceModels since our turbulent transport models file has been renamed as MyTurbulenceTransportModels. So this last line needs to be included at the very end of control dict. These are the only two changes that we need to actually use our new turbulence model. Note that we haven't made any changes to the source code of the turbulence model itself so the results will be exactly identical as those with the standard k epsilon turbulence model. What exactly this line means? So basically we are invoking this new library that we have created. We have created a new library called MyIncompressibleTurbulenceModels. So in order to use this new turbulence model, we have to invoke that library first. It's sort of analogous to writing hashtag include some library when we are writing a C++ code. Does that answer your question? Okay, so let us go ahead and run the simulation. It is not 100% compiled. Actually the thing is OpenForm is written in C++. So the entirety of OpenForm is compiled using a GCC compiler. W make is a compiler which is built on top of GCC specifically for OpenForm. So there is nothing in this procedure which is outside of OpenForm per se. Okay, so let's type simple form. Now the simulation is running but I want to point out one thing here. If you will see the name of the selected turbulence model here will be my k epsilon and not k epsilon. And if you see this message here that means that the model is being used in the simulation and the simulation has also finished successfully. Let us use Paraform and check the post processing results. Let us check the velocity field. You can see it is exactly identical to what one would have if we were using the k epsilon model because obviously we haven't made any changes to the source code of the k epsilon model. So basically this is the process to compile a custom turbulence model in OpenForm. If you are using a different version of OpenForm for example version 8 or version 9 this process will be different because the file structures for those versions of OpenForm are different. This link here can give you some insight as to the process to compile a custom turbulence model for those versions. Thank you. So thanks Suman. So does any one of you have any questions for Suman? Of course this link will be shared with you and I think you can try and replicate it and try and make changes but would you happen to have any questions? So if you want to change something in the code because we haven't changed anything just rename it and change. Can you show some changes and then compile? Okay it's very simple to do that. So we've been through the entire process. Actually my concern is dependency. If some dependencies comes in between then how we can resolve it. So again that's the pitfall with this method. Since you're using a pre-compiled version of OpenForm we don't know on which system it was compiled as in what versions of which libraries it had what operating system version it had. The ideal method would be to actually compile OpenForm on your own system. That is the failsafe, that is the foolproof method and it will work every time but compiling OpenForm on your system will probably take upwards of 2 days because of course OpenForm has multiple solvers, multiple turbulence models etc. But in terms of simply changing constants, adding some filter functions it generally works without issues. Let's say I want to change the constant which is the function of temperature. Let's say for example. So one thing that you have to notice we are using incompressible turbulence models here. So it's a barotropic flow so we won't have any temperature dependent values. I'll do one thing. I'll go back and I'll make some small changes in the code and I'll recompile. That way you can see it works even without. And it would be a function of something, some variable, pressure, temperature. I just want to see that. Okay, let's see if we can do something. I'll try to see. So the way I use this process was I was trying to modify a trigger function for intermittency generation in a transition turbulence model. So that is a function of multiple different things including some boundary layer specific parameters and it worked in that case. So I'll come back to my terminal here. So this is the source code file. I'll do one thing. I'll open it in a different text editor. Okay. So you can see that there are many protected member functions for different things. There's one function for correcting your eddy viscosity. There's one function for your source, source for turbulence energy, turbulent kinetic energy. There is one source term for the dissipation rate. And then we have the constructors here which are declaring certain constants. Now with this, what happens is if the constants are coming from a fixed dictionary of constants, coefficient dictionary, and that is protected. It can't be accessed. So if I change that, it will not compile. However, what we can do is I'll try to see if there's something else that I can change. This is the epsilon equation. So this is the part where we are actually writing out the transport equation for the dissipation rate. Yes. So this is the finite volume method library inside openform. So this carries out all the finite volume operations such as computing the divergence, computing the gradient, computing the curl if it's there in any place. And FV options is the library which will allow you to add an additional source term or a distraction term inside the equation. You can use FV options within control date and add a constant source term into your turbulence model. These lines, they basically are for relaxation and utter relaxation according to the simple algorithm. This is for constraining the values of the turbulent kinetic energy so that the turbulent kinetic energy doesn't assume, let's say a negative value or some garbage value. This is the equation for turbulent kinetic energy. Again, it's basically the same framework. And at the end, we invoke correct new T or basically this protected function right here. We are just updating the value of the eddy viscosity because at the end of the day, k and epsilon, so that the eddy viscosity is a function of the turbulent kinetic energy and the dissipation rate or k and epsilon. Yes. What I'll do is C mu is 0.09, it's a constant. I'll just multiply it by 2. I'll go back to the W make directory. I'll put W clean so that we'll clean the previous compile that we did. What I'll also do is change the timestamp of the turbulent transport models or C files that we have. So to that end, I'll first go into the directory, change the timestamp, go back to incompressible. Again, we will have to specify the directory again in this case. Note, if you try to compile something like let's say the k omega ssd model, this process won't work because k omega ssd in itself is dependent upon k epsilon and k omega. And k omega ssd itself is a base class for other turbulence models which are built up upon k omega ssd. So you have to be careful in that area. Again, you can see that the turbulence model is compiled. So I'll just go back to the fits daily case. Now, there is a high possibility that the simulation may just crash because we have made a. Yes, yes, actually validating the model, but let's see. Again, it took two iterations more than normal. Let us just get it actually use the turbulence model that we have created here. Yes, yes, yes. Okay, so it's using my K epsilon, which means, of course, it's our turbulence model. Let's check with the post processing. This may be non-physical because it will be non-physical because obviously the relation between the id viscosity and the turbulent kinetic energy is wrong in this case. So it obviously looks a little different. Yes. So you can make similar changes. You can add a separate function and then invoke it within the class where you are actually solving your k and epsilon equations. There are many possibilities. You can check out this reference that I have mentioned here. They can definitely be of help. Thank you. You're welcome. I have one question. The process that you showed here, is this a general one? Like if at all you want to make any change. Right, so as I mentioned, this will work if you have Ubuntu version 18.04 and open form version 7. We've tried this process on Ubuntu 20.04, open form version 7. It worked most of the times, but some trials in it, it was just inexplicably, it didn't work. So I wouldn't say that it will work every time. It may not work. That's basically this entire issue is an issue because we are using a pre-compiled version of open form. The process was designed such that you will be using a compiled version, a compiled source version of open form. So you will compile each and every solver and turbulence model in open form on your system as opposed to just downloading a pre-compiled version. But that option of compiling that source is only possible if you have very high performance computing setups because it takes well over two to three days at a stretch. But for the open form version that I have shown and the Ubuntu version I have shown, it should work fine. No, what I meant was, suppose like if I want to, the tutorials that the most we had so far, we had used the turbulence. Yes, you can use the turbulence model that we have created. You can use it in any simulation you want. Just that you have to make the two changes that I have described, changing the name of the turbulence model and writing that last line, invoking the incompressible turbulence model library. Yeah, I understood that but my question was not regarding this. I was asking a general question. Suppose if instead of like, like tell, we are in the demos, not this demo, like the previous in the morning, there was some demos where we had this turbulence intensity. We were like giving some percentage of the velocity right at the inlet. And if instead of that, if I want to give some realistic velocity profile at the inlet, is this the same procedure or something else? No, no, it will be different. It will be different. So that is Abin's question, I think. If I were to want to change anything in the main solver, as opposed to if I want to add an equation, or I want to change an existing solver with, you know, add another term in the equation, is the procedure overall, which you said, of course, I'll take into account that, you know, turbulence files your access because you're modifying the turbulence. But if I were to add an equation or add a term to an already existing equation, typically, is this the procedure that you will follow? Generally, the overall workflow will be the same. But then the way we link the solver back to the central install, I think that will be different because the dependencies will be different in that case. Okay, by dependencies, you mean the library files? Yes, ma'am. So for the turbulence model, we will just need the mesh tools library and the finite volume options library. But then the solver will also, I think, have some runtime parameter libraries and some other dependencies. Okay. Now coming back to Auburn's question. So that's solvers. Now, if I want to change certain input parameters, or if I want to change properties of the fluid to be quite variable, this is of course not the procedure, right? You would go and deal with something else. Yes, ma'am. I think ma'am, what he means is he wants to assign a different velocity to each cell is what I thought he was trying to say. I want to implement a different boundary condition. Right. So again, the dependencies are different for that. So yes, it won't work with this process. The general workflow will be the same. So copying the files to a new directory, making your changes, linking it to the central install and setting up the compile parameters and compiling. But the way you link it to the central openform install and then the way you actually compile will be different. So one more. Yeah, please. Just wanted to know, like, is there any reference or a link that you shared? Does it contain the information related to this or is it only specific to the problem that you discussed now? No. What I have shared, it's mostly specific to the problem I have described here. But I think maybe if you check out the second reference, it may have something that you need, the second reference here. Okay, okay. Yeah, I will look into it. Yeah, but please note it's based on version 8 and not version 7. So one question is from my side. Okay. So if we want to change the thermo physical properties, of course, there are some models already defined like k is the function of t already we can give. But if something else we want to give in the thermo physical properties. So can we do that? I mean, can we change that in the solver and we can do that or what we should do? So I think thermo physical models is described in the constant folder, I believe. So there are different thermo physical models in open form as far as I know. Again, it's similar to the solver question that was asked. The process, the general process will be the same, but then the specifics will be different. So the way you link your new thermo physical model to the central install, that will be again different. But the process general workflow will be the same. Can you share some references where thermo physical model have been changed in the source code? I don't know of such, but maybe you can just check this reference if it might have something. I don't know, but you can try. I have one small question. We are using different FBA schemes, right? Yes. Suppose I want to develop a new scheme that is not available in open form. So I just want to ask whether it is possible the way you have shown the same process that I'm supposed to follow or difficult and easy to compile? See, the thing is, if you will open one of the finite volume scheme files, it's actually very, very complicated in terms of code dependencies because one code is relying on the other code, which is relying on two other codes and so on and so forth. It's fairly complicated and I don't have any experience in that regard. But like I said, the general process, copying your scheme to a new directory, writing your scheme up, linking it to the central install and then using it, those will be the steps. But again, the dependencies are different. The code will be different. So the specifics will be different. Like I said, the same process won't even work if you're trying to use the Komega SSD model. So the general row is the same, but the specifics are drastically different if you're going to do something like that, I think. So essentially, what it is trying to say to all of you is, so he had to spend several months trying to figure out which are the dependencies for his particular problem which worked. So he used to keep compiling and there used to be a compilation error then he'll add certain dependencies and solve the issue. So maybe you have an overall, so the idea of this particular session was you get an overall view of what things you have to address. But then you go back and to your specific problem, figure out the dependencies which files are absolutely required for compilation. So that is absolutely essential. Shubham, to your question about input parameters properties, I think transport properties openform gives you a certain number of options to change your input parameters. Maybe a tabular column of details or maybe a polynomial fit. So there are certain limited options available. There are certain other things like, for example, let's say, let's say, so there is probably a viscosity model which I might want to change, but the viscosity changes not with temperature but with something like shear rate. So that means that I am probably getting for every simulation or every time step I need to get the shear rate and my viscosity might have to change with that. So that means, again, this process what Sumed says applies. We had to figure out what libraries are interlinked to this and then recompile the thing. So it is pretty much the same, but again, the dependencies of which libraries are interconnected to your viscosity model and your shear rate model should have to be found out. Actually, I am working on the phase change problem. So with phase change, suppose something is changing, like density is changing or thermal conductivity is changing. So that phase change we are representing that melt fraction alpha. So with alpha, if it is changing something, thermal conductivity, so how we will incorporate that? Essentially, this is the process, but you will have to figure out the dependencies. We have done, you are talking about solidification and melting. So this is a process, but you will have to figure out the dependencies. Base is the solver. Now the problem here is you will have to choose the solver, what library files are there in that solver and deal with it. We were facing a problem where version 7 had a particular solver. The same solver in version 8 or 9 had different libraries. So then the model that we had implemented in 7 will not compile in an 8 or a 9 even if you are using the same solver. So that means the library files, all of those dependencies you will have to sort out. Of course, that is something specific to your problem. Thank you. Ma'am, one resource that he could use is the Doxygen documentation files for Openform are available online. So they have these kind of tree diagrams where they show their dependencies in a flowchart kind of way. Maybe he can use those and see what dependencies are there and what he needs to actually work on. Okay. Can you just type that in the chat box, the Doxygen link if you might so that people can access it? Yes, ma'am. I'll just find that link and I'll share it here. Okay. Pile, yes. So it's 340 and we can take a 10-minute tea break. So 350, we come back and we will have the session on GUI for Openform BlockMesh by Rajdeep Adat.


Live from Las Vegas, Nevada, extracting the signal from the noise. It's theCUBE, covering Informatica World 2015. Brought to you by Informatica World. Now, here's John Furrier and Jeff Frick. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are live here in Las Vegas for Informatica World 2015. This is theCUBE, our flagship program. We go out for the events and extract the signal from the noise. I'm John Furrier, founder of Silicon Amjohn. Jeff Frick here with the wrap up. We have Debbie O'Brien who's back to help us wrap up. We kicked off the segment and we're going to end it together as a team and a group. We're going to collaborate on our shared learnings, what was magnified for us today. Just, we'll kick it off. What's up? What are you guys seeing? What did you see? Great energy, you know. And I hope you guys saw that your first time at Informatica World. Passionate execs, customers who love us. You know, our loyalty ratings are through the roof. We've got 5,800 customers and our products do as advertised. People really love them and there's such a huge need. So that's really emulated throughout the conference. Jeff, what did you see? Yeah, you know, you can feel that. And we often talk about service down, not to bring it by their shows, but service now and splunk as shows where there's definitely a really intimate vibe, right? People are still in the hallways, they're still sharing information, they're helping each other out. There's a lot of passion for the senior executives. And I thought it was good today and I don't know how much, obviously never on theCUBE before they get a chance to get the senior executives on and really kind of expose the personality a little bit more of the people that are behind the company. And you've got some big personalities here. Yeah, we definitely do. I mean, you can see from Anil to Amit and Marge and Sohaib, people love what they do and they really, they think data's changing the world that it is. It really is a differentiator today. I had a lot of fun. Sohaib was really interesting. Talk about the Oracle story about Larry Ellison, how he was there in 1982 and left just for many, many years with Larry. So that was interesting color around his background. And he was very candid. He shared some candid remarks as a chairman, CEO, super smart guy, great guy, must be a great guy to work for.  We had the Humana company, there's a Fitbit, gives you social data. We've had Ivan on, who's strategy guy was awesome. And Marge, she was cracking me up but she was so smart, really hit it off with her. I liked her. She's a data geek like us and as a CMO really plugged into what's happening. So just a lot of great guests and a lot of great cultural fit here with theCUBE. Jeff, I thought it was a great day. Yeah, it was a good day. The other thing is, I think the roots of Wikibon obviously go back to storage. And you've heard David Floyer and Dave Vellante talk all the time that at the end of the day, the apps of this, the that, the this, the that, it's got to sit someplace, right? So the storage is always, it's got to be stored somewhere. And really I think it's interesting how Informatica's taken this very similar approach, it's the data. So regardless of whether it's cloud, it's mobile, it's social, it's inside the firewall, outside the firewall. A lot of stuff to move in is dynamic, it's structured, unstructured. At the end of the day at the bottom, sitting on that storage is a data layer. And so really approaching the problem, I think Sue talked about all that stuff's complicated and diverse, but if you look at the problem through the lens of the data, now you've got kind of a unifying structure by which you can address the opportunities, address the problems and start to tackle some of the things that are going on and just do it at the data structure, especially in the context of the security conversation. Yeah, we had Anil Chakravarti on, who's the Chief Product Officer. He was awesome and he's been on the Cube before, so that was great to see him back again. But he went deeper into the real road map stuff, talking about like the security piece. I think what's interesting is that the security problem falls on Informatica's shoulders now when you talk about the perimeterless security. And so the opportunity we kind of teased out of Ivan was the secret sauce of the metadata is interesting because now you have a lever to solve a security problem.  To me that was a fun part. And of course we had some great guests, we had Bill Burns on talking about security. He's very dynamic, he's very technical, but he was very candid about getting people excited about security as a discipline. Young kids, whether in high school, college, or looking for a career, you don't have to have that pedigree to get into security. You could be a gamer, you could be creative. That was interesting. Absolutely, yeah. I mean, Bill has been a great addition to the team and to have our first CISO and someone who is really looking at how we hold all of our customer data and how we keep it safe in the cloud, he'll be great and invaluable for us for years. What did you see in the floor? What was in the hallways? We heard a lot of great stuff going on out in the action there. What's going on here? Yeah, wonderful buzz. There's almost 200 breakout sessions. So everything from the very deep, how do I improve my mappings all the way up to, how am I as a business practitioner getting the most out of my data? So people are really excited about our hands on labs, our best practice sessions, and getting really to meet our experts and figure out how to make data a competitive advantage. What was the big buzz that you guys see in the keynote this morning? You need the dashboard, I'm sure you got the social media dashboard, the Twitter stuff going on. What was the big excitement in the keynote? What was people most tweeting about or most active, share of voice wise? I think share of voice security. That is absolutely one that is on everyone's mind. They want to know, with all the breaches, how they can really keep that data safe. And Informatica is taking a whole different roadmap. So we're convincing people of a different paradigm and securing it at the source. So I think everybody wants to know what we're doing differently and how we can help them gain a competitive advantage. And like I said, when Sue was on, I couldn't believe at the end of every single section, he just again reached out to the audience in first person voice and said, this is tremendous opportunity for you now here. And he did that every single time after every single product manager came up or whatever to talk about products and offerings. I thought that was really interesting because A, we know there are huge opportunities for the people that are in the business. B, we need more people to get into the business. There aren't enough people, but really for him to take that approach, I thought was very interesting and really empathetic to the crowd, as opposed to really, I'm up on the lectern and let me tell you about my company and my products. Absolutely. I mean, this is not just an ETL developer crowd. We want people who have cloud skills, master data management skills, security skills, right? It makes them more valuable to their companies and to their customers they serve. So a huge message for us. Yeah, and the thing, the CISO discussion we have throughout the role of the chief data officer. That was interesting because there's a lot of debate on that right now. And I found that very fascinating because I'm watching this really closely with the team at Wikibon because I believe that there's a problem out there that people are burying their head in the sand. That is that organic innovation has to come from experimentation and small bits of fear, as we know in Silicon Valley, you get iterate and always keep moving, which is the core philosophy of Informatica. But in a corporation, fear or failure also could be a stunting the growth of innovation. So command and control policies could be a wet blanket on innovation. That's my belief, I believe that would be true. However, if you balance it right, you ask that question. That's where we're starting to get some insight into news cases. So again, it's super early, but we're looking for that kind of signal of, okay, show the examples of where you can have data governance for protection, liability, or whatnot, that is important, but don't squish the innovation. I mean, that's an area we're still exploring more of. Yeah, and I think that's going to be a key, right? I mean, data is proliferating and we want to be the folks who put it in the hands of the business users or IT users as opposed to keeping it locked up. So we see a big responsibility in making sure that we can do that safely and that the CISOs can sleep at night, you know, or the CFOs, CEOs, whoever it is. So it's a big part of Informatica's story to help drive creativity and innovation. All right, well, we're excited to be here. Thanks for having us. I think for the folks out there watching, theCUBE came here at Informatica 2015, great strategy, really interesting Switzerland strategy going for the horizontal data fabric play, very clear what they're going for, working with others, playing well with an ecosystem, but really it's about increasing that horizontal breadth and enabling people to have creative solutions, create disruption and growth, great strategy. And again, they're going to go private. I know it's not announced yet, but I think that's going to be a good thing from my standpoint, because then you could really start to get creative, get some new products out the door, but certainly a great opportunity. Jeff, any final comments you'd like to share? No, well, just to follow up on that, I mean, the interview we had with Michael Dell, I think, compared to the one that we had with him last year and the one that we had with him the year before, I mean, the enthusiasm and he said, I think unshackled, the team was unshackled now, that they didn't have to really worry about quarterly stuff. They could be a little bit more strategic and long-term. So I think that is an interesting development. Obviously, Tipco followed suit, so it seems to be a trend right now in Silicon Valley and obviously those investors would not have made this investment if they didn't think they're going to get a return and really grow the thing. So it's exciting times. It was a great track record in the pipeline of companies that go private, come back, go public again. We saw that many times and it's part of the model. And I've had CEOs, public companies telling me like, off the record, hey, it's such a grind to do the quarterly, but the worst thing that would bother them, all the shorts, short in the stock and all kinds of games and arbitrage going on, that all the effort was customer satisfaction for the stock price versus focusing on customer satisfaction for the revenue, which is customers. So I think that to me is the big dynamic. That's a bigger story that we'll explain more on. So we have to ask that, what's the bumper sticker? This is John's favorite question. I'm going to steal it from you. Okay, guys. As the cars are driving away, what's the bumper sticker for Informatica World? All things data. All things data, short and sweet. Hashtag Info15. That could even be like one of those little round, little one in the window. You don't even need the bumper. Info15. Hashtag, go to crowdchat.net. If you want to join the conversation, a hashtag Info15, go to Twitter, Info15. This is theCUBE here, live in Las Vegas, wrapping it up for the day. Thanks for watching and stay tuned for more CUBE and go to SiliconANGLE.tv for our next broadcast. Open stack in Vancouver next week. Thanks for watching.


Outside Africa police in Baltimore are still in search of the suspects responsible for the deadly shooting at a holiday block party that killed two people and wounded 30 others, many of them under 18. The circumstances leading up to the shooting on Sunday is still being investigated after police spent hours coming a massive crime scene in the Brooklyn Homes area in the southern part of the city. 10 victims on scene, one victim adult female was pronounced deceased on the scene, nine additional victims were transported from the scene to local hospitals. Shortly after, 20 additional victims walked into local and regional hospitals with various injuries. Currently we're still at 30 victims, ages range from 13 to 32. Nine victims remain at area hospitals in various conditions. Two victims have been pronounced deceased. There is a reckless, cowardly, active violence that has taken two lives and altered many, many more. And as I said earlier, we will find those who are responsible and we will not stop until we do so. Again, this tragic incident is another glaring unfortunate example of the deep issues of violence in Baltimore, in Maryland, in this country, and particularly gun violence and the access to illegal guns. For more, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


The SMMA is a non-profit organization established in 1995 in the area of Sufra with the mission of solving environmental problems such as poor coastal water quality with direct implications for human health and for the protection of the reef ecosystem, depletion of near shore fish resources, loss of economic, scientific, and recreational potential of coral reefs, particularly in the context of diving tourism. The marine rangers are responsible for the protection of the coral reefs and marine life by ensuring yachts utilize the marine sites, fishermen don't fish in marine reserve areas, and the fishing seasons are ahead too. A healthy marine environment is vital for sustaining fisheries, tourism, and recreation, which all play a vital role in maintaining a thriving economy. Therefore, it is important that we all play our part in preserving marine life by not polluting with harmful chemicals, plastic, sewage, or releasing of invasive species such as the lionfish. That is why the SMMA is urging that we all work in unison to preserve marine life. The SMMA's office is located on footbase street Sufra telephone number 459-5500.


What's up everyone it's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards and I'm ripping a personal here for Henry H. We've got one order pack of five of the 2022 Panini National Sports Convention VIP Exclusive Silver Packs. Again these come in lots of five. One, two, three, four, and five. Best of luck Henry. Got Desmond Ritter first or first. Rookie, geez my baseball got me tripped We got Blue, Vladdy, nice one there. Three out of fifty. Alligator. See I did say alligator. I did say alligator that's what I think it looked like. All right my guess was accurate so I think I said frog first I'm like wait no alligator. Joe Burrow, Orange to 199, Luka Donchich, Marcello Meyer, Red, Wander, Franco Rookie, 72 of 99. Here we go Henry. Pack four. Cade Cunningham Rookie and Orange to 199, Haley Deegan. Last pack here Henry. I had pizza for lunch. Aaron Judge and Orange to 199, Matt Corral for the Panthers. All righty Henry that'll do it for your Silver Packs. Thanks for hopping in and for your patience. We'll get these right out to you.


would stop by film log to get my film developed. it's going to take a week because it's a slide film usually if it's just a regular film they upload it for you on the next day but since mine is a slide film it's going to take one whole week but i'm excited to see how it'll come out. all right now let's go towards an olive. hi i am back at the shop it's 7 40 a.m and we're the only ones at the salon right now. yes i'm bleaching my hair today. i've been washed my hair in three days because she said that it's gonna help my scalp hurt less when i'm bleaching my hair so my hair is very oily right now and then we're gonna go for like a coral color but it's not like pink coral first coat of bleach i got a studio today to shoot some sponsored content for shapar in kyeongri-dan-gil this is Sungjae oppa he's gonna help me shoot today. wow look at this space. all right i gotta unload the carrier we have 30 minutes here and then we're gonna go upstairs to the room. kui from shapar came to drop these accessories off. oh fancy. oh and i'm like touching my hair and i have no more hair it's so short. oh my gosh i'm not used to this at all. thank you yeyoung-san for this beautiful hair color and this cut. i feel like a brand new person. so in the last adulting series video i was telling you guys the struggles of being very unorganized and how it affects me as a freelancer and you guys left a lot of advice on the comment section for me so i read all of them. a lot of the comments were about setting up your iphone so you have widgets and you can see it in your home page as soon as you open your phone. yeah i had no idea i could do this. i even added a little widget for the qr code because we have to check in everywhere we go and that was very useful. and the other one you guys mentioned a lot was notion. i remember hearing about notion from somewhere but the crazy thing is that notion also reached out to me and i was like oh my gosh this is perfect. thank you notion for sponsoring this video. just the timing was perfect. if you guys are not familiar with notion, notion is a tool that helps you organize, manage tasks, set goals, increase productivity and so much more. it is very customizable. at first i was kind of intimidated and overwhelmed because there were so many things you could do and i didn't know where to begin and that's why i started watching other youtubers videos on notion. it's still not like 100 the way i wanted to look. i think i'm learning as i go but i just wanted to show you guys what my notion looks like. i use my notion to mainly plan out my week and my month and to just have an overview of the things i need to get done. i click here ashley's notion and this is my home page. everything here is customizable. you can change the cover, you can change your icon, you can choose an emoji or upload an image but i just kind of went with an egg. over here i just added this quote to remind myself every day when i go on to notion. you can also change the colors of this text. so in my home i have weekly agenda and then my shopping list, dreams where i just kind of write down the dreams that i had that day and then yearly goals, travel plans and then quick notes. you can also change the font. they have three different types of font. they also have small texts full width and if you're feeling overwhelmed don't because they have many different templates on the side here and you can choose. they have lots of different templates for students like class notes, job application, reading list and the coolest thing is that you can share this notion page with your fellow classmates or co-workers or friends so that you can see the same thing and you can edit and add on to it. so as you guys can see in my to-do list i have to do and then doing and then done. so pick up dry cleaners ashley did that this morning so i can just drag this onto the done section and then once you're done with everything you can also move it to the hitting column. film the intro part to squat challenge. yes i did it for doing it says record the telepatia cover and you could click on it and add notes to it. i kind of wanted to fix these parts of the song. i wrote it down to remind myself because i knew i'm gonna forget. this is my weekly agenda. yeah this is kind of like the plans that i have and it's just i really like crossing it out just like checking it off and i'm like okay yes i got that done. i guess i'll just like the minimal look right now because i don't want to be too overwhelmed with everything on the screen at once so i have kept it very simple but if you want to customize it so it's more decorative and colorful you can definitely do that as well. if you guys want to try out notion yourself you can sign up using the link in the description box. i hope we can help you to be more productive and now we'll get back to the vlog. morning workout is done. i'm so grateful for this rooftop because if it weren't for this i would not be able to work out as much and of course i can work out at home but it just hits different when you're working out outdoors. you know what i mean? now with this beautiful backdrop, the beautiful sky. so grateful. all right let's go. i am in hanamdong today and i am here to get some lunch with panil and yujin. yujin is actually leaving korea soon and he wanted korean food before he left so we came to this like so the tige johnson tongue place. it's my first time coming here even though this store is like right on the main street of hanamdong. i've always passed by it but i just for some reason never got the chance to come but hopefully the food is good. it looks like a super old school korean restaurant. we got this view of hanamdong outside. where are they? they're not even responding to me right now. hello? where are you? you're bleeding? you're driving? okay are you almost here? what? what happened? are you driving? okay hurry up. we got this medium. i think i also want this barbecue. they have a self-service corner where you make your own fried eggs. oh my god i see panil. hello. whoa this zooms in so much. he looks so cool. look at him. wow. hi. hi. what are we supposed to do? i'm waiting actually. actually this is a waste of battery. why are you recording while you're like? how do you do this? she doesn't even know how to use the cooking. i'm an egg master okay. i'll be the director. i'll crack the egg. put it in the pan. oh my god wait wait hey hey i didn't get that shot. you're looking at me. right here. oh my god are you gonna throw it? no. oh i feel like i'm gonna be disappointed actually. am i gonna be disappointed? it's already ripping actually. you popped the egg too. you popped the yolk. you messed up. panil's turn because he doesn't like over easy eggs. let's see how well you make your eggs. what the? oh why is it so hot? oh he's freaking out. he's freaking out. what the? you're moving it like that already? everyone cooks eggs so differently. let me make mine into a square. wow so extra. because i make it for sandwiches. oh okay sandwich style. oh you see that flip? i missed it. you missed? i was filming us. sorry. it looks good panil. great job. now we're going into a sandwich perfect. i mean you could fold this side too but i'll just leave it. no no no that looks like the actual toast. all right i'm done. i'm hungry. let's go. dude this looks so delicious. wow okay show us. if you want to get all the rice on the side you know you gotta isn't it too hot? isn't it hot? wow you got all the rice on the side. whoa okay thanks for the tip. you got hit it. yeah hit it. yeah that was a fail. this is different. it's such a nice day. i'm from radio. we're at dpr. they recently released sneakers in collaboration with adidas and they were kind enough to send me a pair of the sneakers. dpr and this is really cool because the box i don't know how to describe it but it's like temperature sensitive so so cool. film this up close hold on okay so open it up you have adidas and dpr it's gonna give me some height. it's a little big. i got 245 because 240s like really tight on me these days so i go to seven and a half and it's a little big but if i tighten the shoelaces i think it'll be fine. whoa it's so comfortable. i should have just gone with 240. darn it. i just uploaded my telepatia cover on youtube. i was reading the comments on the way home and i never thought like people would miss my voice or people would want to hear me sing. i wanted to make this cover because i was very into the song and also i missed singing. there was a time when i was singing by myself at home just for fun and i started like crying because i realized like how much i actually enjoyed singing and how much i actually missed it so it took a lot of determination but i finally decided to be like let me just make a cover for this and even while i was making it was so many so many thoughts of like oh my god this is probably not even that good like oh my god what if no one likes it what if i don't like it and yeah there was a lot of uncertainty and i'm not mentioning this for you guys to be like oh no don't say that no like i'm not fishing for compliments at all it's just something that i've been struggling with and i didn't even want to verbalize it because i don't know it made me sound so like insecure and foolish. i know i shouldn't have to rely on other people and their approval i have to believe in myself and i have to have faith in myself i have to trust myself um but it's hard you know it's hard sometimes there are so many people in this industry that are good and i know i shouldn't compare myself to them but sometimes i'm like like why would they want to listen to my voice when there are so many other people that sing like amazingly and have beautiful voices it really encouraged me a lot to see all of the comments and the feedback and the love on the cover so i just wanted to mention that and say thank you so you guys gave me more courage


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discuss the following question which says express 2 upon 3 log x plus 3 upon 2 log y minus 5 log z as a single logarithm. Before we move on to the solution, let's discuss the laws of logarithms to be used in this question. First we have log of x1 x2 to the base a is equal to log x1 to the base a plus log x2 to the base a. Then second law is log of x1 upon x2 to the base a is equal to log x1 to the base a minus log x2 to the base a. Then next law is log of x1 to the power n to the base a is equal to n into log x1 to the base a. And here this a is a positive number which is not equal to 1 then x1 x2 are also positive numbers and this n is a real number. That is n belongs to the set of real numbers. The key idea that we use for this question. Now we move on to the solution 3 log x plus 3 upon 2 log y minus 5 log z as a single logarithm. Now we will use this third law which is log x1 to the power n to the base a is equal to n into log x1 to the base a. So using this log we get this is equal to log upon 3 plus log of y to the power 3 upon 2 minus log of z to the power sum of the logs. So for this first law which is log of x1 x2 to the base a is equal to log x1 to the base a plus log x2 to the base a. Using this law we get this is equal to log of upon 3 into y to the power 3 upon 2 minus log of z to the power. So we get difference of two logs. We can use the second law which is log of x1 upon x2 to the base a is equal to log x1 to the base a minus log x2 to the base. So using this law we get this is equal to log of x to the power 2 upon 3 into y to the power 3 upon 2 and this upon z to the power 5. Now this is a single logarithm. So upon 3 log x log y minus log z is equal to log of upon 3 into y to the power 3 upon 2 upon z to the power. Hope you understood the solution of this question.


Doyle and Yanovskiy on beaten, Ligren and Waffenton on five, what a line up for Heat number 12! You've said that before tonight and you will say it again, I'm sure you won't say it any more. But you couldn't resist. You may have done, you may just have done. Fabulous line up here for Heat number 12, riders in top form, two unbeaten riders on the inside two gates. Freddie Ligren, well he's been riding fantastic. Ligren and Waffenton of course have been teammates in the UK and Waffenton was very impressive last time. Something's got to go in. And Heat number 12 it is, it's a great start from Jason Doyle. He has made an absolute beauty. Ligren goes wide, Waffenton charging hard now. Now they put him on the inside! Where has he found that from? That is a great ride! Waffenton! That was some race wasn't it? Heat number 12 and we're going to be able to have the treat of seeing it again. Fabulous start initially from Jason Doyle on the inside, the Australian coming into this race unbeaten. Freddie Ligren, look at that move. Absolutely fabulous. Just charged up the inside to get the better of the Australian initially. Waffenton there just not managing to get across from the outside like Dudek did. But this was such a competitive race. Miring in mind, Janowski was unbeaten coming into this race and he fails to score. Doyle and Ligren were exceptional here. Ligren now squaring the corner off, door running wide, running even wider. Ligren lifting, a lap to go, leaves the door wide open. Doyle charges back to the inside, look at that move there. Ligren actually lifted too hard there, half a mistake from the Swede. But then reacts brilliantly to get himself back to the front as they go down the back straight for the very last time. Door around the outside. Must have thought he might have had the chance here because the bike was working so well but Freddie Ligren just hangs on for another crucial win. Both riders on eight points now. That was something very special in Heat Number 12. Probably worth the admission money alone. Now without a doubt, breathtaking. The best riders in the world going for it big time. Fantastic. And he is one of the best riders in the world right now, Freddie Ligren.


Hi there, this is Krishnan from Bitescout and in this video, we will be going to learn about one of the T-SQL execution plan operator called index-sick. In SQL Server, we have two types of operators for SICK and the first kind we will discuss is the clustered index-sick and the clustered index-sick means the SQL Server retrieving rows based on a SICK predicate. So it is a Sargable predicate from a clustered index. The word Sargable is a contraction of search argumentable. The optimizer's ability to benefit from an index depends on the selectivity of the search condition which in turn depends on the selectivity of the columns referred in the where close, non-closed or having closed, all of which are referred to the statistics on the index. And in contrast, we also have a non-clustered index-sick and that is the same as clustered index-sick where we are retrieving rows based on the SICK predicate. But in this case, we are doing that against a non-clustered index. The search predicate used on the columns in the where close determines whether an index operation on the column can be performed or not. So let's perform the demo for this operator. Alright, so for this demo, again, let's use the patient master table. Now in the previous video, we have already created the clustered index using this script on the patient master table. Now before executing this script, let me enable the execution plan by clicking on this button. Now when I execute this query, I get one rows for this patient ID and when I go to the execution plan tab, we can see that we have an index-sick operator over here. Now here patient ID has the index and that is our clustered index. Now when I hover over this index-sick operator, you will see the SICK predicate and in this SICK predicate, we can see the condition patient ID equals a specific value. Now let's go ahead and perform the non-clustered index demo. I am retrieving the patient record based on the last name where last name equal to John. Now when I execute this query, I will get the two record from the table. But when I see the execution plan, you can see that here I have a clustered index scan operator. So to get rid of this index scan, I have to create this non-clustered index on last name column. So let me create a non-clustered index. And now when I execute this same query again and in the execution plan, here you can see the index-sick and when I hover over this index-sick operator, you can see our newly created non-clustered index in the object section. So for the previous query, it was a clustered index and it had an index-sick. And now we have a non-clustered index and it has an index-sick. So index-sick can happen at either level, at the clustered index level and at the non-clustered index level. So in this query, where I said last name equal to John, then the SQL server engine start the evolution process as be tree traversal for that non-clustered index and retrieve the record for us. Now stay tuned with us as in the next video, we will be going to learn about our next operator key lookup.


TfNN, Headline News Update. Welcome folks! We are the Dow industry. Let's finish up 130. Nasdaq up 63. S&P's up 17.5. Gold. Gold contract down $27.60 trade into 2018 and ounce. We had silver down 73 cents, $23.32 an ounce, light sweet fruit up a buck, $84. $71.18 a barrel, notes and bonds. The 10-year note, down 26 ticks trade in 110.11, the 30-year offer full point, plus three ticks at $119.05 and $Kingdala, $Kingdala, $441 ticks trade in 103.982, euros 107, yen is out here at a price point of 144 British pounds at 125 to 1 US dollar. Get over and take a look at the S&P folks. The spy is on an ABC structure up. It wants to hit it. We'll see how much farther it wants to go. 462 is the number. We hit 460, closed at 460.17, we hit 460.75 today, and you did have the expansion of volume. We did 69 million shares. So the bottom line, it took out these other little swings, 69 million shares. You're going into 71 million, that's from five months ago, but the bottom line, we're going to get that 462. We're going to take a look at the NDX100, the 3Qs, same type of setup. Bottom line wants higher price, I know.  Inside of the Qs, you did 44 million, that would be better if it did a little bit more than that. But yesterday, well actually, let's look at the weekly, because yesterday we did good to volume too. Yeah, there you go. On the weekly, you get an expansion of volume, a good expansion too. So this actually could be another ABC up on rail. It hasn't hit the high yet, but if we get a good week next week, it's going to be an additional ABC up, folks, which is going to be insane.  We go to the gold contract, gold bottom line looks to me like, yeah, it's still going to go lower before it's going to go higher. And you know, couldn't hold price out here today, closed at the lows at $226,000, concentrated. So now it means we have to get below that number also in order to get the higher price. And we need a rejection of lower price notes and bonds, though, is still running the market. The note and bond market wants higher price, lower yield. Have a great weekend, folks. Have a safe weekend. Come back and visit Tommy Monday morning, kicks us off 9 a.m., great show, folks.


Hello everybody and welcome to another product review video this week. We're gonna jump into Liquitex acrylic Goche go our Geesh is I look we're gonna talk about a new paint range. I really like let's just get over the desk That's strict techno man sir. That is Vinci V. Let us get to the technique and learn it Vinci V All right, so let's talk about these Liquitex acrylic Goche gouache Look, I don't know how to pronounce this word and I'm not gonna lie to you and pretend like I do I don't know how to pronounce most any words So this is just not even in the realm of possibility But this is a paint range that I've recently gotten a big amount of and I really like so let's talk about the basics first You may be familiar with these acrylic gouaches goches guayish Quiches before we're gonna call them quiches from now on with these acrylic quiches There are other sort of this exists as a concept often times they use in watercolor paintings They don't have the same binder in them. So they'll reactivate. That's sort of the ones I've used before These do these are traditional acrylic paints once they set they do not reactivate They're just like everything else. These are an artist paint. So they're not really intended for miniature painting You'll notice I have two different size bottles here these little bottles, which are 22 milliliters So just slightly more than most of the Bottles you're gonna get from miniature painting come in a 12 pack for about $50, $55 depending on where you buy it US obviously that's gonna vary around the world I got mine from my local art store. You can also get it from Amazon and stuff like that These bigger individual bottles have tend to vary a little in price Depends where you get them from some places like Dick Blick have them and so stuff like that These tend to be anywhere between $11 and $15 per bottle So again, they will vary because they're artist paints and so hence because of the different pigments that are used They're using high-quality pigments. Hence they will vary in cost based on the cost of that pigment So big bottles are expensive, but you are getting 60 milliliters as you can see basically in there 59 So in this case, it's more than three times Our regular paint bottles so on that regard. They're actually about the same as what we pay for miniature paint If you figure you're getting, you know, 17 milliliters for about three to four dollars then paying You know 11 or 12 for three times. That's pretty much right in line Though if you're gonna buy the entire range in these big bottles, you are gonna lay out quite a lot of cash As artists paints they give us a lot of information, which is fantastic They come in a range from single pigment as you can see this is Like the this one right here is single pigment So the magenta is just using your traditional PR 122 the basic magenta pigment you see most of the time Same with the primary red and the dioxazine purple again pv 23 and pv 19 exactly what you would expect But then they also have mixtures, but nicely they do actually lay out all of the different pigments that are used in the mixture And if there's ratios, they'll give you the ratios They also are Lightfast as they say on the side. They have an excellent lightfastness rating. So they will hold up You can also see the opacity. So that's little square right here Basically, you can see the red is marked as semi opaque. That's what that little square means that whereas the black means opaque So you get a lot more information than you do when you buy miniature paints, you know the pigments that are in them Everything is very clear. You know how they're gonna mix The range of colors in this is actually pretty large now. It's not You know, it's not a miniature paint range from Vallejo or something, right? But there is quite a good range There's about 40 different colors in this so you can get quite a wide range You don't have to just mix which is an advantage over other Artist paint ranges a lot of them you end up really needing to get very comfortable very fast With mixing and some paint colors are just hard to figure out how they got there You know exactly what they added in what ratios to get to that point you do not deal with that with these or at least as much They obviously cover the whole spectrum of the rainbow quite well. So including fluorescent colors, which are also good But of course enough of the preamble Talking about price and the amount you get and stuff like that your question is but Vince. How do they paint? Great question. Let's get out of many and let's see how they do All right, so Let's talk about the palette the paint itself first of all I really like the design of the bottle the top just pops off Nice and easy right there and you can see they've got this little tip We just go ahead and pop a little paint right out there onto the thing boom easy Breezy cover girl. Let's bring that over now These as you can see are thicker paints, but they're not super thick as I spread them out You know, they look very much like maybe slightly thicker miniature paints Then then we'd be used to but as they are quite pigment rich They thin out really well So you can do everything from your normal work to wet blending down to very thin glazing and filtering with absolutely no issue I found that they're all really pigment rich. There are discreet paints So you really do get your money's worth out of that bottle Let's get a miniature in here and actually show these in action. All right here. We have our fun centaur fellow Let's start with a little purple as you can see we're just going to thin it down some here and Then let's just give it a little little paint We'll start on his armor plate here turn that a nice purple now what I have found is that some of these paints do have a Honestly slightly lower opacity than what it says on the bottle That is to say the coverage is decent, but not exceptional So if you are talking base coating, they do work well over something like a zenithal, but with a lot of them They are still quite strong. It's not weak paint not by any stretch of the imagination It's just if you're going to take the color over a You know straight black or something as usual You'll need to apply multiple thin coats to get there. So not that much different than the paints we'd be used to At the same time we can of course mix them without issue again because we have two Single-color paint. It's a sorry single pigment paints. We end up with a really nice Ability to mix and get something that's a clean mixture between the two colors Without any issues so we can get a nice rich Purple there much more red infused and as you can see Covers that rather nicely so something over a zenithal or a brighter color you'll generally get a pretty true pretty solid opacity out of it the colors themselves Like I said do come in a wide range What you would expect is the ones that are that have a lot more Variation in the pigments are the ones that where you can end up with mixes that don't cover as well Not too surprising there given that you're talking about you know when you start getting three or four pigments in the mix Even though they're all listed You're still going to end up in a situation where it's very likely that some of those pigments that are in there Are a little transparent and aren't going to cover quite as well as you want Things like this peach though. I absolutely love it for the tone is a good example of where that happens some of the more intense single pigment colors like the Like the dioxazine purple Like the primary red honestly produce a little stronger results, especially over brighter under shades but That doesn't really matter like I said When you're dealing with artist paints you have to accept that if they're not going to put thickeners in them or something like that To to beef them up You're going to have some that just don't have full opacity Because that's the nature of the different pigments when you're dealing with these different pigments Some of them are not going to cover as well. That is simply the reality of the pigment in question But as you can see they go on really really smooth.  They produce a very smooth very flat very matte result Most of them are quite matte, which is the whole point of the quiche go ash goosh quiche Goosh they Those are basically the that word really just means very matte paint So the advantage to these is they are super duper matte when they go on allowing you to Know you're going to get a good quality result that doesn't produce a bunch of unexpected glossiness No real need to suddenly matte them out or anything like that We can see how when we Get our second coat on here now that this is dry We do get it up to full opacity very easily no issue easy peasy So overall these things are really really fun. I've had a great time Painting with this paint. I do Recommended if you like artist paints if you're looking for a good range I find it to be something in like a chimera or the golden so flats It's very similar to both of those for me Some of the yellows in my testing performed a little better than either of those ranges So I enjoyed that like I like their their primary yellow and their yellow ochre a little more than either of the golden or the The golden or the chimera these are also a little more consistent in their Viscosity I guess I would say then some of the Some of the chimeras because a lot of the chimeras will vary some are super liquidy some are super jelly and thick These you get pretty much the same exact experience out of every bottle. I haven't seen really any variation between all of them Great control great viscosity great flow The whole way through so I've just been having a grand old time painting with them Finding them very pleasurable to paint. So there you go That's a that's the the paint in action I hope that you can See how easy that is to work with as I'm painting behind his axe like a genius But yes, as I said, so for any your normal miniature painting purposes These are a great option a little more expensive, but overall great paint with So I really like these overall. I give them an a they're definitely worth the pickup I have a picked up a bunch of the range and just to have been having a great time painting with it If you are looking for a new paint range and you want to try mixing a little more Not as much as maybe you would have to do with the golden or with the chimera or something But you want to try a little more mixing. This could be the way to go for you the saturation is incredible the Ability to really get some nice intense popping colors has been something I've really enjoyed and maybe you'll enjoy it too If you liked this, hey, give it a like Subscribe for more product reviews in the future. Don't forget We've got a patreon down below if you want to support the channel and take your next step on your hobby journey With a bunch of awesome folks in our discord community who've already joined up it as always I thank you so much for watching this one and we'll see you next time