This will be a new project, a new Flask application with translating EEG into music. Recent one, so we have something similar. We need to make sure we can actually play music through the browser. Also writing another block on the detection theory. Yeah, Chatchity is really good at comparing two different concepts that potentially were never compared before, or at least not in writing. The terminal just writing this face detection thing. Yes, we have this EEG Music Structure. Okay, I have all these requirements that it's recommending to use. We have Flask, NumPy, SciPy, Mudbot, LeapSciK, Pandas, C-Born, TensiveLaw, SciPy, okay. Okay, first of all, we want an integrated earmen now. Generate all this and files using Ubuntu Terminal. Creating an app directory for a make ear. Right, now we have the app folder. Then we have create another directory in data. Music output uploads. That's okay. Test. Then we have config, config a bunch. Okay, we can keep it there even though we'll have to then move it to there. Patch configuration. Open an text editor. Did it? No, it did not. That's okay because we can edit it from here. The requirements file. Okay, run by a readmeand license. Yeah, file permissions will be filed. This is not where we deploy. Anyway, we have a different deployment folder. So we had the requirements file. What shall we do next? Can we do a mockup index HTML? Yeah, templates, nanoindex. Okay, should I tell it? I'm actually using Visual Studio Code. Oh, it does not matter. Continue index HTML code. No, we don't want to upload the HG data. We have the HG data. At this stage, we do not want to upload anything. We have EG data and the music will be played in the browser itself. Let's see what it looks like. X HTML should be fine. We'll see how it looks like later. So the Python code. Let's have some data. A, V, G, A, raw. This file can have the same thing as the EG spectrograph, is it? Okay, this file. Yeah, now we don't want to open it for short. It's way too large. I want to pop it into the data folder. Now, Python code should start like the Python code. Leaves still run by the main file. Can you tell it is? Yep. Reprocessing file sounds good. This file should have something that is similar to this. And do a band pass as well. So we should start with something like this in reprocessing. I keep forgetting that text is pitch to text being turned on. It's never getting my voice correctly anyway. Well, now it does. We will turn that off for a sec. The folder is wrong. Yeah, that's how we load the data file. It's what we used before. It worked pretty well. A preprocessing doesn't have any errors. So we know this code works, but we need to sort the folder. Relative path. Yeah, we can do relative path. Let's use copilot to fix the folder. Just accept that it doesn't look correct. That EG row join. No, actually it might be correct. Turn Y. Turn B and A. This is returning the parameters for filtering. Actually filtering can go into... Yeah, let's call this loading. So that stuff can go into filter by. And then here then we don't need pandas, do we? No, we do. We're using it to read the CSV. We don't need scipy. We need scipy for filtering. Okay, so we have this to... What next? And we can close. Probably should display the raw data. Because that one used to work well and have it in here. So we'll have the raw data display and the music playing. We might not have the same interface for it. Let's start a new one in the run by. And this is still the by. Just pop it in the chat so it has a reference to it. We have this is load data by to use the filter in GPROS. We're using port function filter by and apply them to your ng. For example, replace g.data. Do we need to do it now? An interesting recommendation. Because this one is returning the filter parameters. Whereas this is actually returning the filtered data. That's actually his bed. I do like it. Let's see g.data. How do we do that? From filter, first we have this problem. It should be a simple fix. Yeah, where is filter by send directory? That works. No, that's not how it works. Some filter. I'm using the filter from scipy. Should be just from scipy import filter. From scipy import filter. And let's see from scipy. Okay, this should be an easy fix. Okay, let's bring back what we had. No, let's get another go and ask a co-pilot to fix this. Right, I didn't know. Didn't know filter is a package. Is that package called filter? No, it's NumPy. The filter should be coming from NumPy, isn't it? Yeah, what's called the GitHub co-pilot is hopeless. How about the Butterworth bandpass filter? Yeah, NumPy import. Okay, this is still giving me the defined parameters. Okay, well, the Butterbandpass filter. Where is it coming from? It's just called butter, defined butter. Okay, so we need to do those. Okay, that should work. And then we define parameters and apply the filter. Okay, and the EG data should be the input of this thing. EG data is the input of this thing. Yeah, this will be a long one. Oh, I'm using GPT 3.5 thing. Maybe that's why it's doing silly, silly, being silly. Yeah, let's start for, start from scratch. Hopefully it will appear on the side very soon. When I say soon, we're probably talking days, weeks, week. Hopefully under a week. Because we can convert this into GPT4 all of a sudden. Yeah, it just starts a new thing. A new thing anyway. I wish you could jump back and forth, but no, you can not. Okay, so this is our load data. This is the structure of the whole thing. One second, the utils. So this will be built up by filtering functions. And you have, yeah, we need to have music conversion in there as well. Music conversion pie. Don't have the code for it yet. We also have load data. Hey, where is the utils? Utils, right, we have load. That convert to numpy, maybe. No, let's just do loading first. Let's see what we do with it later. Sensation detection model. Okay, so we have that structure. We have, loading the data has to be this, because that's where the raw data is. The EG raw. Right, we have loading data. We have filtered data. It's super slow. Okay, I can stop now. So this is the overall template for the stuff. Let's see what we have in HTML, filter pie, run pie, and generate something for the run pie. Okay, I can stop that. Definitely need run pie. Create up, running the app, and how to run. Yeah, we have flask. Yeah, requirements should be okay. Leave the requirements file for now. Yeah, why do we need that? Let's see the load. I'm not sure we do not actually need it. How about just that? This goes into the same code, isn't it? Is this it? The index HTML is not found. Well, that's because while I fix this, the index HTML, do you know how to use this properly? Index HTML is in copy relative path. Control I use this folder set. It's the same. What, did you do anything? What? Generate. Generating something and then getting rid of it? No, it didn't change anything. We need to use the whole 3D star. It's not actually being... GitHub Copilot can learn from. And we need to change the folder. Change to use this index HTML copy relative path. It's a slow way. Most of the time. It still gives me an error and too much document. It's not finding the file. Yeah, that's right. O.S.K. Listen to your brain's music. Experience the unique sounds generated from your EEG. That's actually not your EEG. It's EEG at this stage. Sounds generated from EEG data. Yeah, we have this little player thing.  It's very cool copyright. It's not updating lives, run, pies and debug through mode. Yeah, we have to refresh the page. That's why. We would like to display the raw EEG waveform on the front page HTML. Back end. Yeah, graphing library. We were using something else. We can try different graphing library. That's okay. We're going to use a template HTML JavaScript. Repair EEG.vekin at zero. We're using JS Deliver. Chat.js. Okay. Where does it go? Canvas ID. It's a script. Why the script is not in JavaScript file? We're actually happy to try it out. This goes before the body ends. Here. Diplotations. We're going to be using TypeScript files. Okay, one main JS that shows raw EEG signals. static JS. Probably want to simplify the structure. And main JS. This will be in static main JS. And in HTML path to main JS relative path. We'll find it. If I just write main JS. Main JS is not found. Copy relative path. We'll try again using GitHub co-pilot. Not giving up on it just yet. Instead. How do you properly use it? Right. It actually looks weird. Main JS. Static main JS not found. Why? It isn't a static folder. It's also in the app folder. GitHub co-pilot. You'll learn from GPT for some more main JS. Relative path change to use. With the same template folder. Static folder. Many other folders. After ing data endpoint. In this instance. Obviously more. This development. We'll try to use static path data. We'll just continue this next time. See you later. Bye.


We have two types of equipment that do essentially the same thing. Apply liquid asphalt. Crack sealers put it down in isolated areas to seal out moisture. And tar pots apply it in larger, wide open areas to prepare a section of highway for resurfacing. Both types of equipment have similar systems. They both have a heating system to heat the asphalt so it stays fluid and ready for use. They both have a circulation system to move the asphalt through the lines. And they both discharge the asphalt right where you need it. Either through an applicator wand or through a spray bar. We've looked at operating both the crack sealer and the tar pot in earlier programs. And we've discussed the preventive maintenance both machines require on a daily basis. In this program, we'll take a look at PMA. The periodic maintenance the operator is responsible for. The procedure is outlined in the preventive maintenance manual under asphalt distributors. The outline covers both the crack sealer and tar pot, as well as the larger types of distributors. That's because each machine has very similar maintenance requirements. The function and operation of the various controls differ, of course. But as I said earlier, each machine does essentially the same thing in the same way. So in this program, we'll concentrate on PMA for the crack sealer. The way to begin every PMA is to complete the inspections called for in the daily checks. That means first just looking over the unit and trying to spot signs of obvious or potential trouble. If you find something wrong, either fix it yourself or let your supervisor know about it. The crack sealer, just like any kind of asphalt distributor, generates a lot of heat and uses flammable material under pressure. It can be a dangerous machine to operate if it's not maintained regularly and carefully. So do your daily checks first, then continue with the PMA. Part of PMA on both the crack sealer and the tar pot is to inspect the packing of the wheel bearings. Just remove the cap and look inside. The bearings should be completely covered with grease. If they're not, repack them with bearing grease. And don't forget to replace the cap so dirt can't get into the bearings. Okay, now on to the engine. You have to change the engine oil and the engine oil filter. So loosen the drain plug at the bottom of the engine and allow the old oil to drain completely from the crankcase. Collect an oil sample to send to the lab for analysis and label it. Include the equipment number and the type of oil in the sample. Now the oil filter. There's a gasket on the outside of the filter that helps keep dirt and air out of the engine. Remove the gasket and inspect it. Keep the gasket clean so it will seal the area around the filter completely. If the gasket is worn, get a new one. It has to be in good shape or the engine could overheat. Loosen and remove the old filter, then throw it away. Coat the gasket of the new filter with grease. That creates a better seal when you tighten down the filter. Plus it makes the filter easier to remove the next time it's changed. And after you install the new filter, remember to put the outer gasket back on. Make sure it fits snugly around the filter to keep dirt and air out of the engine. Now you have to add new oil to the engine. So replace the oil drain plug and tighten it down. Oil through the dipstick tube. Change an oil suitable for the conditions in which you'll be working. SAE 30 or 10W 40 is recommended. Make sure the new oil level reaches the full mark on the dipstick. Okay, now the air filter. Inspect the air filter after every 50 hours of operation. Chances are you'll only have to clean it out by tapping it lightly on your hand to shake out dust. However, if the filter is really dirty, get a new one. The engine needs clean air for it to run efficiently. And before you put the filter back into the chamber, wipe out any dust that is collected in the chamber. Then put in the filter and tighten down the lid. One PMA checkpoint that may easily be overlooked is the throttle linkage. Just a couple of squirts with an all-purpose lubricant should keep it from sticking. Also inspect the linkage for binding or excessive slack and wear. PMA is also the time for cleaning the battery terminals. As you can see, this operator has been taking care not to let corrosion build up on the terminals. So all he has to do is check the water level and make sure the cables are tight. And in good shape. The next checkpoint is found only on crack sealers and not on tarpots. It's the hydraulic oil filter. To change it, first shut off the supply and return valves beneath the hydraulic oil tank. Then loosen and remove the filter. And just as he did when he replaced the engine oil filter, the operator coats the bottom of the new filter with grease before he installs it. Cleaning the hydraulic oil filter isn't something you'll have to do very often. In fact, under normal conditions, changing it once a year is probably enough. Okay, just a few things left. Tighten the pump packing gland. Remember, a little leaking here, several drops per minute, is okay and necessary for lubrication. So don't over-tighten the gland. Lubricate the fittings for the pumps bearings. If you have a grade of bearing grease, you should adjust the auger packing as well. But it's recommended that you do it when the auger is at operating temperature. And wait about 15 minutes between adjustments. Again, a little leaking here is okay, so don't over-tighten the gland. Finally, make sure your fire extinguisher is fully charged, secure, and accessible. And that covers PMA for the crack sealer. As you saw, most of the checks and servicing centered on the unit's engine. That's the case for tar pot PMA as well. Most of the procedure focuses on changing the engine oil and filter and servicing the air cleaner and battery. But the tar pot and crack sealer have one more thing in common besides similar engine requirements. And that's heat. Both types of units use open flames to heat the asphalt to application temperature. And both machines are plastered with warning signs to keep you aware of the potential hazards involved with working with hot asphalt. So pay attention to the warnings and read the operator's manuals and the department's tar pot safety handbook. They'll help you become a better, safer operator. And good, safe operation is the result of thorough daily and periodic preventive maintenance. Done conscientiously and on schedule.


Well, nice to see you here. As Brenda mentioned, my name is Beverly and I am a PSD student in MDSU. And today we'll be talking about chloride because it's an important micronutrients as Chantal explained before. So let's start with that. So chloride, as we know now, is a micronutrient involved in physiological functions for living organisms like plants, animals, and of course, humans. So it's very important to know how to measure it as well because it's regulated by the EPA. So in North Dakota, we have a specific source of chloride and it's a deposition of salts by prehistoric seaways in the midways area. And it's really cool because right now we have all these formation that have a lot of resources for us like oil, gas, and of course, salts. So when you are talking about chloride in the soil, we need to think that the chloride is originated in the rock that is moving at some point to the soil. So to allow that movement to chloride from the rock to the soil, we have two principle mechanisms. The first one is the capillary water that it's this movement here that basically occur. For example, when you have a straw inside a water glass, you see that the level of the water in the straw is the same that is in the glass. So basically the force that is moving the water inside the straw is the same mechanism that works here moving the water from the ground water to the surface of the soil with chloride and other nutrients dissolved in it. We have a second mechanism to move that water and is the artesian wells. And this is very interesting because it's basically like a bowl. You have a bowl and you feel that bowl with diaphragm and material like, I don't know, maybe it's sand, clay and organic and material. And when, if you create a hole in the center and you add water in one corner, you will see how the hole start and feeling up with water because the preacher of the water that is going inside by this corner is creating a preacher in the middle or in the lowest part of the landscape or maybe in the fracture part of the landscape that allow the water move through the soil profile to reach the surface. And this is so good. Why? Well, because thanks of that we have enough chloride in our soils to supply the plants that we grow. So this is something and very common in the east part, no, in the west part of the, no, in the east part. Yeah. In the east part of the state where we can see thanks to egg bites because of this great information. And we can see that we have enough chloride in the west part of the, in the east part of the state but a little lower in the, in the west part. And this is very interesting because actually in the west part of the state what we have is the oil and gas structure. And this is one of the way that we can move chloride from the ground water to the surface. And this is not so good. Why? Because if we evaluate the, okay, this is the way that we move the, the brine water. Let's, let's go back. Okay, we have the brine water, we extract the brine water together with the oil and gas during the destruction procedure. And after that, if we manage everything okay we don't have any problem. But if we have some spiel like accidental spiel based on the truck or from the tank or from the pipelines we will have a serious problem. Why? Well, because if we evaluate the concentration of chloride in the brine water in North Dakota and other states around USA we are number four in chloride concentration and that is pretty high. It's pretty high because for the EPA the limit is 250 and we are over that number. And here the information is described by counties. And if you evaluate all North Dakota I am not including the rest of the counties because it's not necessary here but we can see that the highest chloride concentration is in the brine water from this part. So that means that when we have a brine spiel here it's a serious environmental situation. So if you evaluate the ions and cations that you have in that brine water you will see that the predominant cation is sodium and the predominant anion is chloride. So that means that the principle salt that we have in this brine water is sodium chloride. And that is something to think about because the sodium chloride is detrimental not just for the soil but also for the organins that live there like plants as we know but also for the airworms because these animals as you know create pores in the soil at organic matter but they are affected by the salt. They reduce in size and reduce in survival as well as some fungi that are very important for the nutrient cycling in the soil. So what happened with the chloride? Well, the chloride goes basically to the wetlands and ground water because the chloride has a negative charge and the soil has a negative charge. And when you have to negative charge you will have, you will see reveal between them. So that means that we will have this SNRI in the future. And that is scenario, let me explain you that when we have a lot of water like in Puerto Rico like Costa Rica, you will see the movement of that water directly to the ground water because you have water to move the chloride that is not attached to the soil because it's negative moving deeper. But the situation is that here in North Dakota when we live, we have a semi-arid climate and that is a variable that we need to consider during our research because the situation is that the chloride movement is not a lot. We don't have enough water to move to move that chloride to the ground water. So the chloride is staying into the soil and affecting the crops. So what we want to discuss today is how we are going to measure that chloride. Why? Because usually when we have that situation with the chloride we send the sample to the laboratory and the sample send us and the laboratory send us the result but we never ask about the method that they use. And that is something very important because actually they have, some of them have advantage that is really important that we know for future decision-making. So let's start talking about the chloride extraction because you have the soil and in the soil you have a lot of things. You have organic matter, you have water, you have air and you have nutrients but the chloride is negative. You don't need to go as much chemical procedure to extract it. You can do the extraction just with water. So basically some of the standard method that we have to make the chloride extraction is the soil-saturated paste and the soil-water solution. And if you work in the North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality you know very well the soil-water solution because they use a radio of one to 20 to evaluate the brine spill and the monitoring. So once you have the chloride extraction you can perform as a chloride quantification and here we have a lot of method that you can see. We have field screening method that maybe is the most common method that we know. We have laboratory method and we have the analytical method. So for today we are going to discuss five of them, this one, this one, this one and this ones because of the mechanics that they use to measure chloride. So let's start with our favorite, the test strips. And why? Well, because in the test strip you have two versions. You have the first one that is for low-chloric concentration and the other one that is for high-chloric concentration. And it's pretty easy to use because you only need to put the water in a plastic cup or something like that and you put the water, you put the soil and after that in the water you measure the chloride by introducing the strip. And when you get the color change in the line from yellow to black that means that you have your end point. So that means that you are not going to measure more chloride because actually it is done. So after that you can measure the chloride concentration basically on the peak that you will see. And it's very interesting the test strip. We will talk more about that in the future and the other option that we have that for this you need to be in a laboratory with all your chemicals and your instrumentation is the volumetric approach. And basically this is a chemical concentration where you have a chloride strip and basically you add a chemical of a known concentration and a indicator. And basically when you reach the concentration of when you reach the same concentration in the treatment and in the chloride you will see a color change in the solution and that color change is the same of here is your end point. So that is a indirect way to measure the chloride concentration. And basically the chemical reaction is here. And another laboratory method that is pretty popular is the Potentiometric Treatation and it's very interesting because here you have like two techniques in one because you have treatation inside this instrument that is connected to a computer and to a pH sensor because in this technique you measure the chloride concentration based on the pH of the solution. How? Well, basically you have the instrument you have your chloride extract you put your sample inside the instrument and the instrument is go to add treatant solution and measure the pH at the same time. And when you see no, when you don't see any change in the pH that means that you reach your end point and your end point is in the middle. And that point will give you the concentration of chloride because that means that here you have low treatant concentration and here you have too much treatant. So here you need to add more and here you added too much. So your middle point is here that is your end point. The other method that we have and to be honest, my favorite is the analytical method. Well, these here basically use a ion chromatographer that is an instrument that has a auto sample and is helped by a pump to pass the sample through the machine specifically to the column that has like micro bits of different materials depending on what you want to do that will separate the anions in the solution and will give you the concentration based on the time that they take to run all the column. And this methodology, it's very interesting because the ion chromatographer is not just for chloride. You can change the column and meet your anions and that kind of things, inclusive proteins. But the situation is that if you see here, this is 14 minutes. So that means that every sample is going to take up to 20 minutes to be evaluated and that is a lot of time and money in a lab. So for chloride here in the ion chromatographic, we are here. So actually for chloride, if you are looking just chloride and you don't want to think about the older situation, you can cut the time of the machine until maybe seven methods or something like that. But the situation is that the column need time to get clean because you need to clean the column because pass the older sample and that take time because you need time to clean the area. So the other method that we are using is the ICP. And this instrument, to be honest, is expensive, but it's present a lot of advantage. Why? Because basically this is a direct method to measure chloride and how it works. Let me explain you. Okay, basically you have your sample, you have a pump that is helping you to move the sample to the instrument. And here you have a in-production of argon air that is going to help through the nebulizer converting the sample into a spray. And that spray will pass through this channel and it will be destroyed by the plasma, by the torch. And that torch, that destruction of the sample by the torch will generate a light that is rated by the instrument because the light can be divided in colors. And if you know, every element has like a specific color. So depending of the color that the machine is getting and the intensity of that color, the machine is determining the concentration of chloride and other elements. And this instrument is really interesting because it's not just for chloride and you can measure a lot of elements at the same time and not just ions, also cations. So when we try to think like, hey, we have a lot of method to measure chloride so which one is correct? Okay, good news. All of them are correct. All of them are good. The situation is that when we use the, for example, test strip to measure very low chloride concentration, that is not working. That is not working. If you need to test your soil for chloride to see if you reach the correct concentration for your crop, send your sample to a laboratory because the test strip is not going to help you to make any decision. So in that case, it's better the chemical filtration, the potentiometric filtration, the IZ or the IZP. But when we are working with Brian's bill, the story is in order. You have very good relationship between the test strip and the older method. And that is something so good because when we have a Brian's bill, we want to act as fast as we can. So this is a great method to say, like, hey, we have a chloride problem here, we need to move forward. So the most important relevance of this presentation is that we need to remember that chloride is not our enemy. Chloride is a micronutrient that we need, that plants need, that animals need. So it's very important to take care of it. And if you are going to analyze the chloride in your soil or in your water, it's important to know that every test method is going to give you a different number. But that do not means that the number cannot be correlated with other methods, like for example, if you are using a chemical filtration, maybe you have a different number if compared with the ICP, but that do not means that the number is wrong, okay? It's just basic on the technique. So for the test strip, it's very important to have in mind that the higher concentration, the better results. And for the ICP, that if you are looking for chloride and you are interested in other elements, ICP is the best option because that will save you money, time and sample because you only need to use one sample for the anions and for the cations. In the ICP, in the IC, you need to use different samples. One for the anions, you need to change the column and after that use a second sample to measure the cations. So it's more complicated. So here is the reference and the contact information if you have any question. So yeah, basically, well the question is that if the quantum test strip, these little babies, yes, they are really, they are a really fast method to determine the chloride concentration, but this is a semi-quantitative. It's like, if you are going to EPA, you cannot go with this result. You need a laboratory, a certified laboratory result. So this is a good alternative to let us know like, hey, we have a chloride problem here, but it's not for like determining if the soil having not for the crops. Okay, do you have a question you say? I did. What, if you sent a soil sample into a lab in North Dakota, what method would they use? Okay, well, for example, eggbys. I am really in love with eggbys because at the final of the year, all the team prepared this really cool report and it's really good because here you have information not just about the nitrogen in the state, but also about chloride and all the cations and annuals in the soil. So for example, they use the potentiometric method that is this one that we have here, but that may vary because that depends of the resource of the laboratory, the place that they are, because for example, if this facility is so big, they can put an ICP, but the situation is that if you have a small laboratory, the ICP baby is not the best option for you because you need tanks of argon and that is a big piece and you need space to build that, you need safety, you need standard procedure. It's not just like buy the instrument and put that in your room and turn on when you need it. Okay, any more questions? Yeah? The ICP? All of them, all of them, yeah. Not all the anions, not all the anions. Oh, well, depending on the calibration of the calibration that you have, if you have your standards and that is the, that is the element that you can be sure, that depends on the calibration that you are using and the calibration standard solution. So for example, if you are using the ICP to measure really low concentration, maybe your standard will have very low concentrations and very specific elements, but that calibration curve is not going to work, for example, with brine spills. So the results depends of the calibration and the calibration standard solution that you are using for. Do you want to add something more? So the ICP, the mine is everything. So if you ran phosphate, this is cool that it was. It's okay. If it isn't going to find the anion fuel for, it's going to find heat, or salt. So that's the difference between the ion of anograph that separates outside anion and different things for each one of them. Whereas the ICP, if ionized with the sample, can get different elements. So these compounds don't work very well. The actual elements, you can hear it out of cable when it's pretty low. Yes, because we need to remember that in the ICP, you don't have the destruction of the sample. So actually the ion, the cation or anion is dissolved in the sample. So you don't need to destroy the sample in order to analyze. But the situation is that in the ICP, you need to destroy the sample with the plasma in order to analyze the like emitted. And during this process is where you are destroying the phosphate. So at the final, you will analyze all the elements, but just the total element, not the anion, the total element.


goodness it's Monday I'm Jay Fiedel this is Think Tech and today we have an FBI show that means from the Big Island we're talking about hydrogen from the Big Island and we have our co-host Marco Mangelskor, the CEO of Provision Solar in Hilo and our other guest who is Paul Pantio and he is the director and CCO of Blue Planet Research which is up there above Kona I guess and the most beautiful part of the Big Island with a hydrogen facility we want to know about it my gentlemen how are you? Great to be back with you my friend Jay and calling we're talking I'm talking from the San Francisco South Bay Area and I am so appreciative of my friend Paul agreeing to share his wisdom and insight with us today so thank you so much Paul for being on with Jay and I today. Well, it falls on you Marco to be as a co-host to introduce Paul and just give us some some some parameters on him. It's one of those people I think of as a brother from a distant mother in terms of being on the side of goodness and light and renewable energy and trying to do the right thing not only for the Big Island and the state of Hawaii but for the planet at large he's a brother of another different mother that is excuse me his longtime friend Hank Rogers of Blue Planet so Paul has been doing such cool things over the years at the ranch there on the west side of the Big Island that Hank has in terms of renewable energy making his own hydrogen and just being one of those visionaries who has been working for years putting out an image and a reality hopefully reality of what the island can become in terms of clean renewable energy which hopefully over time will use hydrogen gas and greater and greater quantities so I just have a lot of respect and a lot of Aloha for Paul and I'm just so pleased that he has some time to talk with us today. Paul am I right to say that the Blue Planet research is focused largely on hydrogen at least in your facility and am I right to say that hydrogen is probably lives most in terms of use and research on the Big Island am I right to say that? Well that's close what we do here at Blue Planet research or would we just say BPR is Renewable Energy Storage Research so from flywheels to batteries to hydrogen we're interested in it and this is what we came together to do to find out how to make renewable energy work closer to base load that's always been the Achilles heel of renewables and when Hank and I started this project years and years ago the goal was to find out what was the best solution to make this a reality and then learn from that and show other people. So hydrogen is just one of the storage farms that we use for energy it's an energy carrier however it is my personal favorite that I spend a little bit more time on compared to batteries. How do you compare yourself or coordinate yourself with our hydrogen coordinator Stan Osserman who does our show on mostly on hydrogen on Fridays and Mitch Ewen who does hydrogen for HNEI what's the connection how do you work together? Stan and Mitch are both really close friends of mine we've been working on this for well since 2005 with Mitch and a little bit later with Stan. Stan is actually moving to the Big Island we were going to be neighbors soon I have a tremendous amount of respect for both Mitch and Stan. Mitch has paved the way with getting all the permitting and all the red tape out of the way to get hydrogen infrastructure in place. A real quick interesting story when Hank first bought this ranch in 2005 the very first meeting we had up here was with Mitch Ewen. Mitch came over to talk to us about hydrogen and that's where Mitch and I first met. Can you talk about the ranch a little bit Paul? I understand the ranch is off the grid so what's happening at the ranch? Yeah the ranch is our microgrid it's our cast bed that we deploy all of the different technologies on. We actually live this it's not just a laboratory setting it's a living microgrid it's 32 acres in size. The power loads and requirements are fairly low because it was started in 1884 there's a lot of legacy old equipment and buildings here. We have no air conditioning loads because we're almost 3,000 feet in elevation so it's relatively cool here. The ranch is our test bed and we use it to show other people an example of what can be done. So you have electrolyzers there and you talk about what that is and how it feeds into the system the renewable system you developed at the ranch? Absolutely. First of all as you said we're off grid and that means 100% disconnected from the utility. A couple things happen when you go off grid for one thing you have to have an oversize generation source and in this case it's PV and the reason for that is because every day counts you can go one day by powering the utility if they're not there you have to make your own power every single day. So the other thing that means is when the weather is really good you tend to end up with too much energy. So if you size your system for worst-case scenario for example we can run the ranch loads when it's overcast which happens every day around noon or a little before noon. We can also operate in light rain but in the mornings the skies are typically crystal clear blue and we would end up throwing a tremendous amount of energy away. So while the batteries are charging and the ranch is being run we take the excess power and we turn that into hydrogen and we also charge electric vehicles. So any any way that we can minimize the waste is what we're looking for. Yeah and I recall you were into Sony batteries is that still so? Yeah we started we have the first Canadian Redox flow battery in the state of Hawaii and that's just a fancy type of battery. Unfortunately the technology wasn't efficient enough for the type of weather that we have. We live in a microclimate up here as I said in mornings of crystal clear and by 11 or 12 it's overcast. We don't have enough hours to focus on something like a low battery. So that didn't work out too well. We worked with Tesla for a while looking at their battery technology. We ended up not going with Tesla because of the chemistry that they use. There's a huge difference between lithium chemistries. They use cobalt and I think the article in the paper tests upon some of the reasons we don't like cobalt. Yeah I saw that I saw that cobalt comes from environments that it's not fair to take the cobalt. Yeah it's mostly from the Congo and they use lots of child labor to mine it without any health protection. So it's not a very good on a moral issue alone it's not a very good technology. Now what cobalt has in its favor is that it's lightweight. It's very energy dense so it's actually good for cell phones and small stuff. But anything large that's carrying a lot of energy the potential danger and risks involved with cobalt are just not enough to justify its use. So Sony is what we ended up with. They use an olivine type ferrous phosphate lithium ferrous phosphate and olivine is as you know Green Sand Beach same mineral. It's a very benign. It cannot overheat and catch on fire so it's incredibly safe and in particular it has about a 40% longer cycle life so it lasts 40% longer. That's great. So Marco can you talk about the recent developments in the county over hydrogen buses and maybe you can frame some questions to Paul about that. Yeah I think I'll let Paul get into that because he's kind of more knowledgeable about kind of the late breaking news about one or more county buses running on hydrogen. I think I'll kind of take more of a macro view and then we'll get more more down to the micro of the big islands. I just quickly did some research yesterday to see what the hydrogen fueling station situation is in our state and also across the US mainland and just some interesting factoids. In California for example there are 40 fueling stations north and south of California with another 24 so in the pipeline so in the most account there will be somewhere under 70 and the total sales of fuel cell vehicles across the US as of about three months ago was somewhere below 7000 total with Toyota, Honda and Hyundai being the top three by far with Toyota being the number one out of those three. So clearly in terms of hydrogen used for transportation which is at the beginning of hopefully a rapid steep j-curve in terms of adoption and you know I'm particularly interested as well of course in hydrogen gas as a fuel source for generation power generation on the big island and we can talk a little bit about that in perhaps a few minutes but you zoom down to the state of Hawaii and by my account there's only one hydrogen fueling station in the entire state that's run by CERF Copacific and Mapuna Puna on Oahu. So with that kind of background what's kind of bedeviled me for years Paul and I would like to get your head on this is you know the chicken and egg question regarding hydrogen in terms of supply and demand do we provide a supply first and then hope that demand is going to come and if so how do we do that and I know you've been working in the trenches on that question for years so I'd really been interested in hearing kind of your take on on what comes first so they both come at the same time how do you calibrate because obviously it doesn't make sense to make a whole bunch of hydrogen if there's isn't going to be a consumer for the hydrogen and then the consumer for the hydrogen isn't going to buy the vehicle or vehicles unless there's a reliable source of hydrogen so what's your what's your approach on that yeah that's you hit the nail on the head with that it's always in the chicken and the egg and you explained it very very clearly the solution in my opinion is to not do it California is where they invested a huge amount of capital into developing the infrastructure even while they were waiting for the vehicles to come that doesn't make a lot of sense to me what we would prefer to do is put in small hydrogen systems that are scaleable and scale the production as the demand grows right now we have a lot of easy in particular Toyota's a lot of these are being turned in at the end of leases and they're being recertified as pre-owned used vehicles that you can pick up for actually quite cheap the numbers I'm hearing or something like $15,000 versus the original $60,000 price tag so that makes buying the use component of it very affordable but obviously we need to focus on public transportation at the same time if not first so doing a bus system and providing just the amount of hydrogen needed to maintain that application makes the most sense to me because as we add more buses we can easily scale up hydrogen equipment now it does require using specific type of equipment there are a few companies around that make small hydrogen dispensing systems as well as generation in particular the company that makes our equipment is Millennium Rain out of Dayton Ohio the US company they make a range of different size or output models of hydrogen so the point of making is if you have a bus that uses 20 kilograms per day of hydrogen for its route you can supply that bus with 20 kilograms you don't need to store much more than that and as you add buses you can scale that now with the new bills that have just been passed allowing the county to purchase or do transportation procurement that's what I was asking about I I think that's really important can you can you say what that bill provides yeah so that's going to open up the door for a third party to come in and build the generation system and the infrastructure and also purchase the vehicles and then just lease that or sell that service to the county the county now has the ability to procure those services so that means the county doesn't have to come up with the funds they can be paying or less than what they're paying now on a daily basis to maintain the aging crippled diesel fleet that they have and I think on the big arm we're now in nine buses now out of a week of 60 marker you can I know the number but with 60 or 66 buses we're down to nine and the update on those buses is getting more and more expensive every day so if a third party came in and says here we've got these brand new buses they're non-polluting they run on a renewable resource and and we'll leave these to you facts and that makes a lot of sense okay so this is this is in many ways ground shaker groundbreaking isn't it we're going to have a system on the big island that will be quite remarkable if we can put it together what what are the steps necessary to put it together and and what is the role of Blue Planet research in all of that Blue Planet research's role is just kind of helping with the coordination we're working with several different groups including some private entities who may want to invest in the technology in the infrastructure there's no mistake that this is hydrogen's a year if you just look at the amount of movement that's taking place worldwide and especially in the US and Hawaii it's hard to deny that this isn't building enough momentum to sustain it I think that we finally got into the point you know the meeting I mentioned earlier with Mitch 15 years ago yeah we thought two years we would be on our way and we'd be running on hydrogen well it's a little longer than we thought but it's definitely here now as evidenced by the car companies rather the the availability of the buses the availability hypothetically of the hydrogen and the buy-in by the county government here signals a whole new time in hydrogen for Hawaii because it suggests to me anyway that other islands will follow don't you think they will the natural progression and you know it's a typical whole thing where no one wants to be the first but as soon as someone breaks that ground and plays with that trail it's easy to get people to join them yeah this could be a big time for hydrogen and it is that's why I was asking you know is is hydrogen focused these days I know there are facilities here and surf go you know gives you hydrogen if you lease a Mariah and all that and it's a Puna Puna facility and of course there's hydrogen facilities on the military but sounds like hydrogen at least as far as public transportation is concerned is beginning to focus on the big island now and it may be where hydrogen and of course you guys are doing research with it so it may be that hydrogen is going to start to you know come alive in the big island more than any other place you do you agree with that or am I overstating the case no I think you're you're right and one of the main reasons is because we need it more than any of the other islands the big island being 4,000 square miles in size we've got range issues we've got elevation challenges that the other islands may not have so it makes sense to do it here and the silly part of this this whole story is the two camps between the electric pure electric vehicles and the hydrogen electric they're both electric and we have to quit thinking that one is better than the other enough it's just different applications if you can run on a pure electric vehicle for short distances that's more efficient than the hydrogen side problem is those electric vehicles can't make the run to Hilo and back to Kona or to South Point they just don't have the range and we have a Tesla Model X here at the ranch and it's pushing it to try to go to volcano and back and you know it's got a 230 mile range the Mariah has a 320 mile range and only takes five minutes to refuel yeah that's that's compelling but the issue as Marco brought up before is exactly how much hydrogen do you make for that for the consumer market for the individual passenger car market how much do you make and you have to time your you know production one thing it's that strikes me though is that with hydrogen in steel tanks you can make it in advance you can stockpile hydrogen and let it sit and wait for the market to catch up I mean I don't know how long it can wait but it seems to me there's a you know there's an opportunity there to stockpile it somewhere and keep it at the ready waiting for the cars no yes I mean hydrogen never loses this energy unless it just leaks out it's literally there for eternity so you can stockpile as much as you want and then that would definitely be the way we would do it and have a certain amount of surplus for them now one of the things that when we talk about other than transportation for example the military across the board has a mandate now for 14 days of economy they need 14 days of backup generation well you could do it with batteries technically but it would be crazy to try and do that the cost of warehousing electrons for using them every couple of months in an emergency with the astronomically expensive now if you combine batteries with hydrogen and you use your batteries for your power for your daily turnover of electrons and store your backup in the form of hydrogen now you have something economical that makes sense and you can do the hydrogen side for about a third of the cost of batteries and once your storage is full you still make hydrogen for other uses you can use that for transportation or ground support equipment you know the airport has in Kona has had this and their master plan for 15 years now you put in hydrogen and all the ground support equipment the baggage tugs the airlines could all be running on hydrogen instead of propane yeah what's what's more is that you can you can move hydrogen around the state in those tanks that you can move it outside the state in those tanks and and you can take your time about it and you can take advantage of the cheapest method of transportation don't have to lay cables or anything like that so there's really an advantage statewide but my question I don't know you really haven't gotten into this yet but how do you make it how do you make it efficiently how do you make it cheaply my recollection is to buy even a moderate size of electrolyzers it's going to cost a hundred thousand dollars how how can you do that at a commercial a commercial quantity you know so that it can fit into this whole new system of hydrogen and and query also where does where does geothermal fit in all that there was so much discussion about geothermal producing hydrogen right there in Kona so can can you tell us where it's going to come from and how expensive it's going to be yeah you just gave me the perfect segue about the touch on geothermal now right now we know we can make hydrogen on par or cheaper than gasoline and we can't do that with the utilities cost of power obviously however if we use renewable energy and in particular this is another reason why the big island is the place to start first we have over seven and a half gigawatts of potential renewable energy available on this island alone if we would have been to all the resources from solar to wind to hydro to geothermal we could not only make all of the transportation fuel for the entire state we would be exporting it as a product to California and possibly to man so it's an industry that's going to generate new jobs new high-tech well paying jobs so that we can quit exporting our case geothermal is is one of the keys now this is a hot button topic obviously but everyone bases geothermal on the experience of the Kona there are new technologies available that can make it much safer you can do it on very small scales but the cost of your electricity to electrolyze water is one of the things that can determine the cost of the hydrogen the equipment cost is pretty fixed it's your energy cost that's the variable now electrolysis is only one way to make hydrogen right now the county flares methane from the landfill and the quantities enough to provide each bus 700 miles a day of transportation right obviously the buses don't do 700 hours but that's how much we're flaring right now just in the form of burning gas methane is CH4 there's four hydrogen atoms for every carbon you can extract that hydrogen from the methane now you have a source of hydrogen that was typically thrown away in the form of heat and CO2 before we have we have the process available do we have that technology working now how far away offer are we from having that technology working this is all technology that exists today this is nothing that's you know science fiction and in the future this is what's available now we just need to deploy Marco you must have a million questions for Paul why don't you run into some of them and what you're referring to Paul is in terms of breaking up the hydrocarbon molecule of methane or propane or butane is steam reformation right right that's the most common technology of today there are better technologies which aren't commercialized yet that's what we could start with and listen a little bit of CO2 from steam reformation is certainly better than methane going into the atmosphere and if you burn it you're producing CO2 anyway I'm going to ask a question but I'm going to sketch something out first before I get to my question and I'm going to sketch out the following so in order to get to anywhere close to 100% renewable energy and power generation in the decades to come on the big island is my conclusion that renewable energy which is variable solar or wind and batteries is not going to get us across the finish line why because we're going to continue to need some type of combustion generation as a backup as a security policy in the event that we have difficulties with renewable energy and or storage so if you look at the power generation backbone of the big island the two largest power plants are at Cahole which is about 80 megawatts and that's owned by Helco and then there's a 60 megawatt plant in Honoka which is Hamaku energy owned by Pacific Current which is a unregulated subsidiary of one electric industries each of those plants has two count them to General Electric LM 2500 combustion turbines and those turbines as far as I know and in the brief research I've done can be converted to different fuels other than hydro carbon based fuels so obviously if you're running large combustion turbines on a scale like that and you convert them to hydrogen you're going to have want to have obviously a very high confidence that you can get hydrogen in adequate quantities to be able to power the turbines and not only adequate quantities but at a cost effective price so my question to you Paul is have you done any crunching or has Mitch done any crunching or stand any crunching in terms of the type or not the type but the quantity of hydrogen that would be needed to power the largest power plants on the island and those four 2500 combustion turbines the answer is no we've been focused mostly on transportation however if you look at what's happening in Australia right now Australia is decommissioning coal-fired power plants and they are converting them to run on hydrogen they can get a coal-fired plant to run efficiently and cost effectively on hydrogen we can certainly do a an already existing gas-fired sermon more cost effectively and it again depends on the amount of hydrogen you can produce as you stated and that is really just dictated by the cost of your energy the equipment side the hardware that's all available now and it's scalable but we need to have a low cost solution of energy but if you compare it you know maybe we could get on some boxes here and talk about just purely economic issues or moral issues but bottom line is we really don't have a choice we have to start doing something we can't wait for everything to run out or for sea rise to start eating all the specific islands well is there you is there anybody addressing this because it sounds to me like once you achieve a hydrogen based transportation system on the big island the very next step is to go where Marco was talking about you know figure out how to get a reasonable supply at a reasonable price and then convert the power plants to use hydrogen and that would be remarkable that would be that would be headline news that would be a game changer on the big island and maybe elsewhere but it all depends on finding you know the way to produce a sufficient hydrogen at a reasonable price so who's working on that Paul you you think you'll be working on that who's going to work on that well it's a good chance that you know there are a lot of smart people in Hawaii and that is the logical next step and in the progression of things but we can learn what's being done by other countries and by other companies they are working on that right now in Australia so this is kind of goes back to the silver bullet statement and we have to use everything that we have available the silver buckshot type approach now believe it or not you'd be surprised at what the real obstacle to the deployment of hydrogen is we all think the first thing that comes up is the cost economics it's the safety of hydrogen it's the storage of it it's actually the public perception of hydrogen that is the real obstacle at this point and we've experienced this firsthand over and over again people think hydrogen is incredibly dangerous when the truth is it's actually the opposite it's the safest flammable gas that we have it's a flammable gas so you have to handle it with respect just like any other flammable gas but there are properties of hydrogen that make it far safer than propane or detain or any other hydrocarbon fuel well we have to get into it more we have to you know we have to see that and educate the public about it in the course of this transition to the buses but one thing seems sorry and the best way to do that is to start with public transportation yes i agree and one thing seems clear though i it's i think in the future for for all three of us there's a trip to australia we have to go down there and see what they did we have to talk to them and you know and drink beer what can i say that that's the future to find out how they did that marco you interested let's go as long as i can get into business class so i don't get crunched back in the proletariat section my friend okay and paul have you been there shouldn't we go there now well actually hank is in there and hank has been talking to some of these people uh australia here i mentioned what we could be doing by exporting hydrogen from the big island well australia is doing just that they have just signed contracts with japan to ship them hydrogen instead of paul kawasaki misubishi these large industrial companies are building ships specifically designed to carry hydrogen so it's coming it's coming and we don't want to be the last ones on the planet no the clue in and that's interesting it's it's uh it's related in a funny way this is related to the lng ships that are being built and one of the trump administration initiatives is to try to sell lng through through uh japan uh to china and a good part of uh of points west of that and southeast asia and so forth so we have an initiative involving development of these transportation systems that will carry gas and if you can carry one kind of gas then arguably you convert it uh to another kind of gas maybe hydrogen so maybe it's not in small tanks maybe it's in big tanks as long as we can create it or draw it off methane in the first place uh gentlemen we're out of time i'm so sorry about that thank you so much marco for setting this up marco can you say goodbye goodbye thanks so much guys thank you paul thank you marco aloha we'll do this again thank you thank you jack i think you should do your next show from the ranch over here here i second that motion okay first the ranch and then melbourne hello everyone hello everyone


Welcome to the show. This is Think Tech Hawaii and the name of the show is the state of the state of Hawaii and I'm your host, Stephanie Stoll Dalton. Today we're going to visit with an expert who leads an essential state function of great benefit to the public. I think it's unlikely that many are unfamiliar with the role of education in our lives, our children's lives, and how important these agencies and the work of them are to us personally and professionally. In this state, there are numerous agencies working of various kinds, a non-profit and governmental and other kinds, quasi of governmental, and these agencies are working hard to make Hawaii's education the really best it can be for all children. And the agency that our guest leads and we're going to talk to him about today is the Hawaii P20, Partnerships for Education. And this organization offers numerous initiatives, many, many programs, and data, deep data collection to ensure that we know more and know enough and need to know more about equal education opportunity, making that happen in our state, and to support and coordinate policymaking where it can be strengthened to advocate for all students' well-being, which of course is a foundation for their achievement and for the systems and the schools and at learning venues to perform at the top quality that they need to for all students to fulfill their potential. So, welcome Executive Director Steven Schatz from the Hawaii P20 Partnerships for Education. I think it's really good to see you and I appreciate you taking the time to come on, and I think this is such a good time to be talking about education as it's returning, hopefully returning to quotes, normal, whatever that's going to be in the future. And you may have some things to say about what that could look like, seriously, that would endure out of this crisis we've been in. But tell us a little bit about your experience and your and the history of you with the development of the partnerships. Sure. Well, first of all, thanks so much for having me on the show. I appreciate it. Hawaii P20 Partnerships for Education has been around for a little over 10 years, and it is a partnership among state agencies, and in most particularly the early education system, the K-12 public education system, and the University of Hawaii system. And our role and our goal is to create a smooth educational pipeline and meet workforce needs within Hawaii while empowering students to achieve their goals. And we do that through policy programs, and by analyzing data to make sure that the policies and programs we're implementing are actually making the kind of impact that we want to make. So we've been around for a while, and we try to stay focused on what students are achieving throughout the educational pipeline, and whether or not we as an education ecosystem in Hawaii are making the kind of impact that we want to make for our kids and for our community. Well, that's very good news, and all of that in only 10 years. Tell me about the mission and the goals. I did go over what I know from your work in general, but what your major mission is to address ultimately student achievement, right? But to do all of the things and to learn what all the things are that are going to put them on that track. It is, and I think, you know, we have this goal of 55 percent of working age adults having a college degree by the year 2025. And so we backwards map from there the educational outcomes we would need to be able to achieve that goal. And so we're measuring not only things like from an early elementary school test scores, but also through high school, how many kids are promoted in ninth grade, how many graduate on time, how many end up matriculating the college, whether students in fact need remediation in college. And so all of our work, all of our programs are about achieving results along the educational pipeline, and measuring those results for our students as a whole, but also for doing so in a way where we can see whether the programs that we're implementing are having the desired effect on various demographic groups, regional communities, and whether we're truly making an impact or not. So we're really, one of the things that we do is look a lot at the transition between educational institutions. We know that we lose a lot of students during those transition points. Even the transition between preschool and kindergarten is hard. The transition between middle and high school is really challenging. And then high school to college and college to the workforce. So while the institutions themselves are very hard at work on doing their job, the K-12 system does its job and UH system does its job, where we often lose kids is at those junctures. If you can imagine sort of pipe that hit that elbow, and sometimes the leak is right at that elbow. And so a lot of our work is about those transition moments. Well, in Hawaii, with our tradition of private schools, I would imagine that may have a different look after transition because they do tend to pull quite a high number of children out of the public schools. Isn't that the case? That is the case. We have a higher percentage than almost any state of students in the K-12 system who opt for private schools. But we have a good partnership with the private schools as well, the K-12 private schools. And our P-20 council includes representation from the Hawaii Association of Independent Schools, Shamanat and HPU are on our P-20 council. So we work with everyone. And it's really about providing a clean and efficient educational pipeline for Hawaii, whether you're choosing public or private. Well, that's interesting. I wanted to ask you, did you take on the P-20 at the outset, or did you get courage along the way to do this? What about that history? Oh, that's an interesting question. Actually, I wasn't there when P-20 was stood up. It was stood up with Dr. Tammy Chan, who's now at the UH community college system. And she did a great job envisioning what P-20 should look like. Actually, there were a ton of P-20 initiatives throughout the United States. And most of them have not had the influence and staying power as the one here in Hawaii. And we think part of that is that it wasn't attached to any particular political figure. In some states and jurisdictions, it might have been a mayor's initiative or a governor's initiative. And so when the next guy or gal came along, it went by the wayside. And President Lazar likes to talk about the fact that we've been through, I think, four university presidents and four superintendents. And now a few early learning directors, and we're still going strong, still staying focused on student achievement and making sure that we have a strong educational pipeline. At various times in our existence, we've had more or less emphasis on the early ed versus the high school part of the equation. But we've always been committed to that entire pipeline. Yeah. That's quite a commitment, Steven. That's a huge goal. I wanted to suggest that it might be due to your notion of partnership and how partnership works the best. Can you tell us a little bit about the partnership notion and how you've defined it and how it works for this longevity? Sure. I think the P20 Council has been a big part of that because the P20 is an organization at the shop with employees who do work on the ground and roll up their sleeves and help kids to apply for UH and do their FAFSA. And we do professional development on the groundwork. But we also have a P20 Council comprised of executive leadership throughout the state that guides the work overall. I would say over the past few years, one of the exciting aspects of our partnership that's a little bit newer is we're more focused on partnerships with business and industry. And starting to ask the questions of our business partners about what they perceive their needs to be in the workforce. And then working with our school partners to figure out how we can align the educational pipeline with workforce needs, with industry needs. And obviously that's going to be different on Kauai than it is here in Honolulu. But that partnership between all levels of the educational pipeline and businesses, whether they're smaller big businesses within communities has been a bit of a new twist. Because we know we want to have a better Hawaii and that means not only empowering our students to achieve their goals, but also many of them want to achieve those goals right here. They want to live here. And so to the extent that we can make them aware of the great jobs that exist here in this state, then it's a win-win. It's a win for the business, it's a win for the community, and it's a win for the individual student. Well, that is really important. I think everybody would like to have that happen. And that's a tough nut, though. But there are other things that are going to be happening too to diversify the economy and get us in a place where everybody can stay and be aloha in Hawaii. Well, then you do this work with partnership. And did different people take believes? I know you've already said you've recruited, not that you've recruited, probably people were very eager to get into your organization and participate. But can you just give us a little bit of how you manage all of that?  So you're really having to take this boat out and make sure it goes in the right direction, right? Yeah, but I'd say there's so much excitement in the field right now, both in the K-12 space and in higher ed, and more energy than ever to collaborate. So probably 15% of our job is getting the right people in the room to have a conversation. And this pandemic has actually provided us a little bit of an easier opportunity to get in the room because the room's virtual. And so in particular for our rural remote partners, we've actually found more participation in our conferences than we had in prior years. And I get notes from some folks on the neighbor island saying, I hope you guys never go back to flying everyone into the convention center. This is so much better to have this on Zoom. I didn't have to wake up at 4.30 in the morning. And so I think we're starting to realize from a work perspective and an equity perspective, technology can be very helpful for getting the work done in an efficient way.  We miss the talking story over quality and doughnut. But there's got to be a balance there and I think we're learning along the way. So it is then the Hawaii education pipeline. Is that your major organizing principle? So could you talk a little bit about that? I noticed the website kind of working around that, certainly your data collection and display does, yeah. Yeah, that's right. I mean, we think about the education pipeline. We think about having quality programs and then indicators to measure progress along that pipeline. As I mentioned, third grade is a really important moment. And whether or not students are reading and doing math at third grade is a huge predictor of success. Ninth grade is also a huge moment for our students. Some of our students who are academically prepared end up dropping out even though they're academically prepared. So we need to make sure that our high schools are places of Aloha, places where students feel comfortable and don't get lost. And then we do a lot of work connecting the programs in high school with the programs that are at the 10 University of Hawaii campus. And that's been a really fun initiative over the past few years to make sure that, for example, early college is offered in most of the 45 traditional public high schools. But most importantly, that students can see their pathway from high school through college and into a career. So our organizing principle, actually, from at least middle school is that there should be a pathway. There should be a pathway that takes you through your career. And now, how does the data collection that you do inform that pathway? How does that operate to be a partnership of the data and what happens in your program, rather than just an assessment thing? Yeah, I think that's a great question. I think for us, the data, no one data point is going to tell a story. But it helps to tell a story, right? If you get a whole bunch of different pixels on the screen, the image becomes a little bit more vivid. And so we feel one of our roles is to measure progress and hold ourselves accountable as an education community for whether or not we're seeing progress. So that's sort of from the macro perspective. We need to, as an education community, measure our progress, see whether kids are graduating, see whether they're going to college with the remediation. And then the other is some of our data is helpful for regional teams. So on a more micro level, there are resources available, for example, at HawaiiDXP.org, where schools and actually K-12 schools and institutes of higher education can look at data to see what are the results of the educational pipeline in their region. And then there are some labor market data. We have a data sharing agreement with the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations that enables us to see, for example, what the median wages are as they relate to the University of Hawaii program or the percentage of students who graduate from particular programs who end up in Hawaii's workforce. So those kinds of more micro level data sources can help with planning and help with creating pathways, pathways that make sense. Because I think we often ask kids what they want to be when they grow up, but we should also ask them where they want to live. Because if they want to live here, then the answer to then it's a little bit of a different set of questions and forces that might be available to them. So pathways is the organizing principle for both the programmatic work and the data itself. I'd say the analogy that I've used over the past few years is if you can imagine like a six mile hike and the first two miles is owned by the state and then the second two miles is owned by the city and then the third two miles is owned by a private owner and they're all beautifully maintained, but in between, I think when you get to the end of the first two, there's a whole bunch of brush and shrub and you actually, you got it, it's really, really hard to get from segment A to segment B. And so that's what we need to do a little bit of a better job of is not only creating good segments of the trail, but also making sure they're connected and that you as the person on the pathway, as the hiker, so to speak, can actually see the vision and know how to get through. Well, I think that's an interesting metaphor, absolutely, because I know that I've looked up some data on school performance through this new Stanford data collection and they were very interesting because they actually have data by school. So they can, they talk about the numbers at the level. And of course, the P-12 partnership was so compelling too, because you've got the data not only like that, but also by ethnicity or ethnic subgroup. And you don't much get to see anything on Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders or Filipino students. So that was really actually thrilling because I know not even the U.S. Department of Education doesn't take it there either. So it's really hard to get that data. So that is really interesting. But what I'm seeing when I happen to look up, that's really not the North Shore, but it's there Hau'ula and Laie in that area, because I know someone who might be living up there. And I saw that there was quite a bit of none of, well, under achievement in some of those schools up on that part of the coast. So I wanted to know, and I actually had years ago some work to do out there and it was challenging too. So when we have places like that, like we've had leeward coast focuses, you know, with many programs that not eight, nine. But now what about over there too, where they're underachieving? Are you saying that part of that going in between those different areas of the six mile hike, it's that that's tough to get that real specific focus in there? How do you work to address what Hawaii needs to address, which is to pump up this achievement gap, get these unders on top of or even with, you know, their achievement potential? Yeah, I mean, a lot of our work is focused on helping historically underrepresented students and student groups to matriculate the college. So a big source of funding and a big grant we have is gear up, which is a federal grant. Where we work in middle and high, middle and high schools with their community college partners, again, to establish pathways. And I think the first thing we need to do is have high expectations for our students. And then the second thing we need to do is create actual structure for them to succeed. And I think we've seen it happen. We've seen it done. We've seen the great work that's done at places like Waipahu High School, Waimea High School, Campbell High School. We're starting to see success throughout the state. So we know it can be done and we just need to continue to build the structure to make it happen. And it's happening. It's happening for sure. Well, I know the gear up program and it's a highly lauded and very valuable program and pretty steady funding if you follow the directions, which is the secret to federal funding as you follow the direction when you put the application in. But and I have the need and it certainly is there. So I mean, it's really good to see a program like that out there just pumping away with what it can do. But are you, and so you have this multifaceted approach. And they're high and having high expectations and bringing that self confidence up so that they understand that they can go where they want to go. If they choose to and then get the academic achievement piece in there too. I mean, that's a lot of says that's what you're weaving into. Yeah, I mean, I think there's I think you're right. There are structural components that need to be there like the counseling, like the rigorous coursework, even work based learning and early college, those are key components. But academic rigor is a piece of the puzzle too. So we need to make sure that students are are academically prepared. Because what we don't want to do is help students get into college who eventually then struggle once they get there. Right. So we want to make sure that kids are academically prepared to meet the rigors of college. And that's one of the reasons early college is so exciting is kids can actually get a taste of it, get some self confidence, have some success. And then they start to believe that they can they can go to college and they can succeed there because they've actually already, you know, many of our students are now graduating from high school with maybe six credits or two courses worth under their belt before they even before they even graduate. Such a terrific leg up. I mean, that's very, very helpful to be a little bit on the on the path, as you say. Well, I can't recall if Europe requires this, but you know, usually in federal funding, which I'm sure you, your funding is probably all across the board, right? I mean, I know you just long list of Castle Foundation funding and of course the CARES Act that and the Stubbsie Foundation and and also the UH Foundation and also Hawaii Community Foundation. And so and also what what are the and then those those grants that you're they're working you're working on. I'm sure there are many of them that are federal. And by the way, I saw that the National Science Foundation is just getting a huge chunk of money to to them, which means they're going to be putting out some, you know, programs in math and science, which might, which are probably of great interest. But in most of those federal grants, and especially those from the Department of Education, they usually ask, there's usually a section or some points that you can get if you can portray the future of the work and that it won't just vaporize once you get down to your last $10. So how do you all think about the stabilizing and continuing the work when you have because you can have gaps in the funding and that sort of thing. So what are the sorts of things you think about that? Yeah, I mean, this is where I think we're really lucky here to have such great partners on the ground, partners like the Castle Foundation, the Hawaii Community Foundation, the Stupsky Foundation. We have a real commitment to making education work throughout the state. So it's, you know, I see what you're saying about you have to write in the sustainability portion of your grant. But it's true here, we're really all committed to making this stuff work. We are, you know, a lot of our work starts with a pilot program. And then we try and measure the success of that pilot and see if it can scale. Early college is a perfect example. It started out with Europe funds and some philanthropic dollars from the McInerney and Castle Foundations and the legislature eventually supported it. And that's a perfect example of one where it was successful throughout the state on various islands. And the legislature and the governor wanted to be supportive of the program. But it started with a little seed of an idea. And so, you know, we're hopeful about some of our other ideas maybe scaling as well. Well, you know, I think we can see the website from here. Is there anything in particular when we'd like to share from that? I mean, I don't know. I've looked at that if you might want to talk us through a little bit of it, that are your favorite parts? Well, what's my favorite right now is this next steps to your future program. This was a program that we stood up last spring and summer for the class of 2020 as a result of the pandemic. And so this was a program where students were able to take free community college classes during the summer. And they were connected with advisors who could help them via tech with things like filling out their college applications or completing their FAFSA or even polishing up their resume if they wanted to go straight into the workforce. So this program really, we had some success last summer and it was stood up really quick on the back of a napkin with some philanthropic support. And we're doing another version of it this summer. So the class of 2021, if anybody's listening, go to nextsteps.hawaii.edu. You can sign up for free community college classes or free advising via tech or both. And if you're part of the next steps cohort, you're going to be eligible for certain scholarships to go to college. So Next Steps is a great program that we wouldn't have been able to do without our wonderful philanthropic partners here in the state. Well, I just think people get frightened and confused about where do you start? What am I supposed to do, drive up to Benoa? I mean, what, you know, so that kind of specific information is really important. I'm glad you said it on this show so people know it's there. And that class has been pretty challenged. So they do deserve some assist there. Tell us a little bit about your Connecting for Success program. That seemed really interesting. And that that does show the data trend brings the data to strengthen their opportunities to benefit from school. Yeah, I mean, this was a program that we implemented for middle school students by helping them with their social emotional issues. And, you know, one of the things I think is important to note in education that sometimes people pose things as opposites when they're not.  And the truth is, to the extent that your social emotional issues are balanced and under control, that's probably going to have a positive effect on academics and vice versa. And so we implemented that program and we found that those social emotional interventions actually had a positive effect, not only on behavioral outcomes but also academic outcomes. And yeah, I think it's one of the problems with education today, is people create opposites that are not true opposites. They put innovation over here and rigor over here and those aren't opposites. They put empowerment over here and accountability over here and those aren't opposites. So to me, I think we have to have more of a yes and mentality about the way we do our work. Oh, yes. And I think you did that on the website about that program and that piece of the pipeline. What was it? The miracle of our challenge change. Can you save anybody at mid school? Right? It was nicely done with that kind of idea in mind. Yeah. Answers, yeah. Yes, there are lots of things. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. And then, you know, my experience, I was an area superintendent for the DOE for a while and I would see, as I mentioned, students would fill out a 4140, which is an exception to compulsory education, which essentially is the form through which you either become homeschooled or maybe you go to work, but essentially you're not going to finish high school. And sometimes they would attach their test scores and the eighth grade test scores were exceeds proficiency. So we have to remember that the academics are important, but it's not the only thing that helps students to become successful. And some of our academically ready kids are struggling. And some of our kids need more academic readiness. So again, yes, and as we do all this work together. Oh, that's a really good point. I know I was at Georgetown University for some reason, wandering around. And here came this whole pack of kids with red t-shirts on, all staying gear up. And as I said, I've known about that program. And I just thought, my goodness, this is fabulous for these kids to be wandering around or getting a tour of Georgetown to see what it is that they can strive for. So getting them out and doing those kinds of things is just really important. And I know they try to get them into the advanced credit courses too. So there's lots to do. Well, I just think that your partnership notion is working for you.  Yeah. Does that help with policymaking about what Hawaii's education needs to do? Is that another layer of that? Yeah. I mean, it's not a formal policymaking body, but it certainly helped to set directions for the state. Yeah. So have you felt like you've gotten some actual traction on some movement?  Although the centralization is, you know, it's a double edged sword, but it certainly one of the reasons we're able to collaborate a little, little more seamlessly, having one school district and one public higher ed. I would say with regards to the P 20 council in particular, you know, that direction setting was really important in establishing the 55 by 25 goal, which has helped to lead UHS and the DOE's work over the last seven to 10 years. Well, I mean, you're also in addition to this for the spectrum of each 20, all of the islands. So we haven't mentioned specifically about the outer islands, but that they're needing gear up kind of program, all these these approaches that you have are really important to having them be in touch with their their world and their possibilities here. And they don't have to go to another place. Yeah. And we have to really think as a community about what we're going to do to solve for the ruralness and the remoteness of the educational experience that students have. That's certainly a strength for them, but it also means a little bit more difficulty with access. And so I think technology can be a solution there. So we're working on standing up some early college courses where we aggregate a few kids from a few different schools, maybe a five kids from Hana and five kids from Ka'u and five kids from Lanai and, you know, and they can take an early college class with Honolulu CC or UH Manila. So, you know, this is the future, I think, where we we kind of cut down those borders and make it more efficient for our kids. Well, are you, is there anyone in particular that deals with the data that anybody that's a researcher person or policymaker might be interested in getting to know a little bit more about about your database and how it's informative for their work? Sure. So, Gene Osumi is our lead for the Hawaii P20 data team, and we at P20 are the managing partner of the data exchange partnership. And that data exchange partnership is the multi-agency partnership between DOE, University of Hawaii, DLIR, DOH, and DHS. And so we have some data sharing agreements among us that enable us to kind of take a look at whether or not we're making kind of impact we want to make throughout the educational pipeline. You know, there is, we're close to ending here, but there's a question, and the viewer is saying, does your plan include children with learning disabilities or does it focus on neurotypical kids? Yeah. Yeah, I mean, certainly all of our work focuses on ensuring that students who have typically been underrepresented in higher ed achieve. And so, and our data is always, it's always able to be disaggregated by ethnic group and by learning disability. And so we want people to have the utility of that disaggregation so they can help make the kinds of plans that they want to make for the pathways that make sense for the kids that they have. Really important, really important. So thanks for bringing that up about the disaggregation and which is more motivation or incentive for people to take a look at the website, look at the pipeline and see where all of this data plays out, see what trends they can find. But we've been, we need to get to Aloha time and just say how wonderful it's been talking with you remotely. And you are the executive director of the Hawaii E20 partnerships for education and the sister, Steven Schatt. And we look forward to hearing more from him as we go forward, especially as things change and schools do many more things. But thank you for listening. Aloha, Mahalo, and I'll see you again in two weeks on the state of the state of Hawaii. Thanks for your attention, everybody.


Network News Update Hi everyone, Basel Chapman here at 9am. This is the Tiger Financial News Network Market Update. The Dow closed at 36,432 just off its all-time high yesterday. I got it in leg F and this says, from here you've got to be a little bit careful. Let's see what happens. The YM, the futures are just down a little bit, down 46 and we're going to be watching this closely because if later in the day, my belief is that if later in the day the Dow is not more than 40 or 50 points higher after two o'clock, but in fact is down 40 or 50 points more, it says, yep, probably getting a little bit of a consolidation here. And it's kind of rotating. Let me explain why, because if you look at the S&P, the futures are up about two points right now. The S&P did not make a new high yesterday or some high. The higher Friday was 47, 18, 50. We'll see if it's able to get above that today. But these little doji candles are just suggesting a little bit of tiredness right there. And you've got the repellent zone, Chapman Insight Track repellent zone in the weekly chart. So let's see what happens. It will take a big spike to the upside to really break all these slightly negative things right now. But this is the issue that I'm looking at here. The QQQ trading at pre-market at 399.32 made a peak C and we're always expecting four higher peaks, D, and that should be above 400.99. You get a 401, that starts in a D, and then we're going to watch it closely. So that's the QQQs, the IWM, Russell, 2,057 cents off the leading the pack to an all-time high. Yesterday, there again, we're going to watch it gold. Gold is up three at 1831, it's had a really good move to the upside. It's about to get to strong resistance in the 1830s. Let's see how it can handle that, because the dollar is pulling back just a little bit. It's up two ticks at 9406 after that high that was made just a few days ago in the 94060s. So we're watching that. Now, the TLT, this is really important, the TLT is bonds, Lehman-Turji bond fund. It's up 2.06 right now, 151.08. This is really good. It means that yields are starting to pull back. And the other thing we're looking at is Crudo, Crudo made at least a shorter term top on the 25th of October at 8541, and now it's pulling back, making low lows and lower highs. Can it break out into the 84s? That's the big question. So stay tuned. You've got Tamir O'Brien coming up, and this is the Market Kickoff show, wonderful show. And then you'll get my show that was recorded eight to nine at 10 o'clock and 11 o'clock Larry Perzevento. Next week, I believe Larry's got his all-day workshop. Then you've got Steve Lode, statewide, Tamir O'Brien. Have a wonderful day, and once again, happy birthday, Tamir O'Brien. Thanks for everything you've done for all of us here. Back to you for then.


Now following the prediction of heavy rainfalls for Lagos in 2021, residents have expressed mixed reactions and how they intend to go about the season. A plus-TV Africa correspondent, Destiny Mummer, tells us more. The rains are finally here. The question is, how ready is Lagos for the rainy season? Lagos state is not prepared. Any small rain now, you see traffic. So they should start working on the area that has flooded, where there is flood. Nobody wants to experience that flooding, lots of properties because the rainy systems have not really been opened. After blaming the people, the government has not shown any political will to really put a stop. When rainy season is approaching, I know how to get myself an environment very clean and tidying up everywhere so that it's not going to affect my area. The deputy coordinator for 2021 annual rainfall prediction from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, James Adamu, hints that the state will experience much rainfall. What we should expect in Lagos is that there is high possibility for high intensity rainfall that will lead to flash floods in Lagos. That means you have heavy rainfall, particularly this very month of May, then July where we're expecting probably an August break. Lagos has a population of approximately 22 million people and the season is not without a heaving traffic situation which follows. James Adamu also advises on how flooding can be handled. He however advises the government and other elite organizations to sponsor the dredging of drainages as a form of social responsibility. For companies to be involved by sponsoring the clearing of drainages and along some strategic parts of the state or the country, then for individuals, ways in which we expose particularly those materials that are not degradable like plastics and water such it. I think we need to have a change of attitude. To avoid these issues, residents must join government efforts to reduce the effects of flooding in the city by avoiding indiscriminate dumping of waste on waterways, water channels and wetlands. Destiny Momo for PLOS TV Africa.