Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE. Covering Dell Technologies World 2019. Brought to you by Dell Technologies and its ecosystem partners. Hello and welcome to the special CUBE Live coverage here in Las Vegas with Dell Technologies World 2019. I'm John Furrier with Dave Vellante, breaking down day one of three days of wall-to-wall coverage. You have two CUBE sets, big news today and dropping here at Dell Technology Worlds. Series of announcements, cloud mobility, unified workspaces, and then multi-cloud with a watershed announcement with Microsoft support for VMware with Azure. Our guest here is CUBE alumni, the COO, senior leader of VMware, Sanjay Poonan. Sanjay, great to see you. John and Dave, always a pleasure to be on your show. So before we get into the hardcore news around Microsoft because you and Satya have a relationship, you also know Andy Jassy very well. You've been following the cloud game in a big way. But also as a senior leader in the industry and leading VMware, the evolution of the end user computing kind of genre. That whole area has just completely transformed with mobility and cloud kind of coming together with data and all this new kinds of applications. The modern applications are different. It's changing the game on how end users, employees, normal people use computing. Because some announcements here are on there. What's your take on the ever changing role of cloud end user software? Yeah, John, I think that our vision, I mean, as you know, it was the first job I came to do at VMware almost six years ago to run end user computing. And the vision we had at that time was that you should be able to work at the speed of life. You and I happened to be in a plane at the same time yesterday coming here. We should be able to pick our apps up on our devices. You often have internet now even up at 30,000 feet.  So the vision of any app on any device was what we articulated with the digital workspace. We had Apple and Google very well figured out. iOS, later on Mac, Android, later on Chrome. The Microsoft relationship in end user computing was contentious because we overlapped. They had a product to EMS and Intune but we always dreamed of a day. I tweeted out this morning that for five and a half years I competed with these guys. It was always my dream to partner with Microsoft. You know, a wonderful person, my respect there, Brad Anderson, he's a friend. But we were like LeBron and Steph Curry. We were competing against each other. Today, everything changed. We are now partners. Brad and I, we're friends, we'll still be friends, we're actually partners now. Why? Because we want to bring the best of the digital workspace solution that VMware brings, Workspace One, to the best of what Microsoft brings in Microsoft 365, Active Directory, E3 capabilities around EMS and Intune, and combine those together to help customers get the best for any device. Apple, Google, and now Microsoft. That's a game changer. Talk about the impact of the relationship with Microsoft on this one point because is there overlap? Is there gaps? As Joe Tucci always used to say, you can't have any, there's no overlap. If you have overlap, that's a lot of. Better to have overlap than seams, right, or gaps. So where's the gaps, where's the overlap now? We'll get to cloud next. In the end user world, there is a little bit of overlap, but the much bigger picture is the complementarity. We are, for example, not trying to be a directory in the cloud. That's Azure Active Directory, which is the sequel to Active Directory. So if we have an identity access solution that connects us to Active Directory, we're going to complement that. We've done that already with Okta. Why not do that also with Active Directory? Boom, that's clear. Ignore the overlap, look at the much bigger picture. There's a little bit of overlap between Intune and AirWatch capabilities, but that's not the big picture. The big picture is combining Workspace One with EMS to allow Office 365 customers to get conditional access. That's a game changer. So I think in any partnership, you have to look past, I call it sort of these Berlin Wall moments. If the US and the Soviet Union were fighting over like East Germany versus West Germany, you wouldn't have had that Berlin Wall moment. You have to look past the overlaps, look at the much bigger picture, kind of find the way by which the customer wins. When the customer wins, both sides are happy. Tearing down the access wall, letting people get seamless access to the data, big win. All right, cloud computing. Obviously, multi-cloud announcement was Azure, Satya Nutella on stage, which was a surprise. No one knew was coming. No one was briefed on this. It was kind of the hush hush, the big news. Michael Dell, Pat Gelsinger, and Satya Nutella up there. Satya did a great job and really shows the commitment of Microsoft with VMware and Dell Technologies. What does this announcement mean? First, give us your take and analysis of what they announced and what does it mean and impact the customers? Yeah, listen, you know, for us, it's a further, it's sort of like the chess pieces lining up of VMware's vision that we laid out many years for our hybrid cloud world, where it's not all public cloud, it isn't all on-premise, it's a mixture. We coined that term hybrid cloud and we're beginning to see that realized. So we had 4,000 cloud providers starting to build their stack on VMware. We announced IBM Cloud and AWS and they're very special relationships. But some customers of Azure, some of the retailers, for example, like Walmart, who was quoted in the press release, or Kroger's and some others. So they would ask us, listen, are we going to have a way by which we can host VMware workloads in there? So through a partnership now with Virtustream, that's owned by Dell and we will be able to allow VMware workloads to run in Virtustream, Microsoft will sell that solution as what's called Azure VMware solutions and customers now get the benefit of VMware workloads being able to migrate there if they want to or migrate back on the on-premise. We want to be the best cloud infrastructure for that multi-cloud world. So you've got IBM, AWS, Google last month, you knocked on now Azure. Alibaba in China. Last November you announced Alibaba, but not a solution, right? No, it's a very similar solution. It's a VCB solution, very similar to what's announced with IBM and Azure. So is it like your kids, where you love them all equally, or you just mentioned that Microsoft will sell the VMware on Azure. You actually sell the AWS solution. Yeah, there is a distinction, so let me make that clear, because everything on the surface might look similar. We have built a solution that is first and preferred for us called VMware Cloud on AWS. It's a VMware managed solution where the cloud foundation stack, compute storage, networking, runs on AWS bare metal, and VMware manages that. Our reps sell that, often lead with that, and that's a solution that we announced two or three years ago. It's a very special relationship. We have now customer traction. We announced some big deals in Q4. That's going great, and we want that to even grow faster. And listen, AWS is number one in the market. But there are other customers who have Azure, and for the customers who want Azure, very similar. You should think of this as similar to the IBM cloud relationship, where the VCPP partners host VMware and they sell a solution, and we get a subscription revenue result out of that. That's exactly what Microsoft is doing. Our reps will get compensated when they sell at a particular customer, but it's not a solution that's managed by VMware. My correct, you've announced that, I think a $20 million deal last quarter. On VMware Cloud and AWS. And that's an entire deal, or is that the VMware portion? That was an entire deal with a customer who was making a big shift to the cloud. When I talked to that customer about the types of workloads, they said that they're going to move hundreds of their apps on premise onto VMware Cloud and AWS. So that's the type of cloud transformation we're doing. And now, with this announcement, there will be other customers. We gave an example of a few that, and you're seeing certain verticals that are picking Azure, so we want those to also be happy. Our goal is to be the undisputed cloud infrastructure for any cloud. Any cloud, any app, any device. I want to get your thoughts. I was just in the analyst presentation from Dell Technologies, CFO, and looking at the numbers, the performance numbers on the revenue side, non-gap and gap earnings, as well as market share. Dell at scale, it's interesting because Michael Dell when we interviewed him many years ago, when it was all going down, hinted at, look at this benefits at scale. And not everyone was seeing the obvious that we now know of the Amazon scale wins. So scale is a huge advantage. VMware has scale, Amazon's got scale, Azure, Microsoft have scale. Scale is now the new table stakes. Just as an industry executive and leader, as you look at the landscape, it's a have and have not world. You either have scale or you don't. If you don't have scale, you're either an ecosystem partner or you're in a white space. How do companies compete in this market Sanjay? What's your thoughts on that? I think it's John, as you said, there is a benefit to scale. Dell now at about 90 billion in revenue has gone public, and their stock price has done well. Dell, for instance, the IPO. They're the leader in servers. Where's that point? Leader in storage, leader in client computing, PCs, with VMware and many other assets like Pivotal Leaders and others. So that's scale. VMware, about a 10 billion dollar company, fifth largest software company, doing very well, leader in software-defined infrastructure, leader at end user computing, leader in software-defined networking. I think you need the combination of scale and speed. Just scale on its own, you could become a dinosaur, right? And what's the fear that every big company should have that you become ossified? And I think what we've been able to show the world is that VMware and Dell can move with scale and speed. It's like having the combination of an elephant and a cheetah and one. And that, to me, is special. And for companies like us that do have scale, we've to constantly ask ourselves, how do we disrupt ourselves? How do we move faster? How do we partner together? How do we look past these blind spots? How do we partner with big companies, small companies, and the winner is the customer? That's the way we think. And if we could keep doing that, you'll see it. So for example, five, six years ago, nobody thought of VMware, this is even before Dell or EMC, in the world of networking. Quietly, with 10,000 customers, a $2 billion run rate, NSX has become the undisputed leader in software-defined networking. So now we've got a combination of servers, storage, and a networking story in Dell VMware that's very strong. And that's because we move with speed and with scale. So of course that came through in acquisition with NYSERA. Give us an update on the recent acquisitions. Heptio, VeloCloud, what's happening there? Yeah, we've done three that I think are very exciting. Let me kind of walk through them in chronological order. About 18 months ago was VeloCloud. We're really excited about that. It's sort of like the name, Velocity and Cloud. Fast, simple, cloud-based. It is the best solution in SD-WAN. How do we come to deciding that? We went and talked to our partners like AT&T, other service providers, and they were telling us, this is the best solution in town. It connects to the data center story, to the cloud story, and allows our virtual cloud network to be the best software-defined network.  Very excited about that. Cloud Health, we're very excited about that because that brings a multi-cloud management, like sort of think of it like an ERP system on top of AWS or Azure to allow you to manage your costs and resources. What did SAP do? It allows you to manage resources for a materials world, a manufacturing world. In this world, you've got resources that are sitting on AWS or Azure. Cloud Health does that better than anybody else. Heptio now takes our Kubernetes story that we'd already begun with Pivotal and with Google, as you remember, at VMworld two years ago, and adds that because the founders of Kubernetes left Google and started Heptio. So we're bringing that DNA, we've become now one of the top two, three contributors to Kubernetes, and we want to continue to become the de facto platform for containers. If you go to some of the airports in San Francisco, New York, I think it's landing in Heathrow too, you'll see these ads that are called Container Wear. Where do you think the wear comes from? VM wear. And our goal is to make containers as container wear come to you from the company that made VMs possible and VM wear. So if we popularize VMs, why not also popularize the best enterprise container platform? And that's what Heptio will help us do. Talk about Kubernetes for a minute because you have an interesting bridge between end user computing and now cloud. The services, microservices that are coming on are going to be powering all these apps with either data and or these dynamic services. Kubernetes seems to be the heart of that. We've been covering it like a blanket. I want to get your take on how important that is because Pat Gelsinger said in the keynote at VMworld last year, Kubernetes is the dial tone. Is Kubernetes at odds with having a virtual machine or they complementary? How does that evolving? Is it a hedge? What's the thoughts there? Yeah, first off, listen, I think the world has begun to realize it is a world of containers and VMs. If you looked at the company that's done the most with containers, Google, they run their containers in VMs in their cloud platform. So it's not one or the other, it's both. There may be a world where some parts of containers run in bare metal, but the bulk of containers today run in VMs. And then I would say secondly, five, six years ago, people all thought that Docker was going to obliterate VM wear. But what happened was, Docker's become a very good container format, but the orchestration layer from that has not become Docker. In fact, Kubernetes has kind of taken a little bit of the head and steam off Docker, swarm and Docker enterprise. And today it is Kubernetes. It took the steam completely away. I mean, so in some senses, we waited for the right time to embrace containers because the obvious choice initially would have been some part of the Docker stack. We waited as Borg became Kubernetes. You know the story of how that came out of Google. We've embraced that big time and we've stated a very important goal. Heptio and all these moves are all part of our goal to become the undisputed enterprise container platform. And we think in a multi-cloud world, that's ours to lose. Who else can do multi-cloud better than VMware? Maybe the only company that could have done that was Red Hat. Not so much now inside IBM. I think we have the best chance of doing that relative to anybody else. Sanjay, Dave was talking about on our intro this morning, keynote analysis, talking about the stock price of Dell Technologies, comparing the stock price of VMware. Clearly the analysis shows that VMware's a big part of the Dell Technologies value. How would you summarize what VMware is today? Because on the keynote, there was a Bank of America customer. She said, she was the CTO of Renz IT. She says, never mind how we got here. It's how we go forward. VMware's in a similar situation where you've got so much success, you're always fighting for that edge. But as you go forward as a company, there's all these new opportunities that you outlined, some of them. What should people know about the VMware going forward? What is the vision? In your words, what is VMware? I think Pat, myself, and all of the key people among the 25,000 employees of VMware are trying to create the best infrastructure company of all time. We're 21 years young, okay? And I think we have an opportunity to create an incredible brand. We just have to, as you pointed out in the beginning of the show, create platforms. V-Sphere was a platform. NSX is a platform. Workspace One is a platform. V-SAN and the hyper-converged stack of X-ray becomes a platform. If we keep doing that, Kubernetes stuff will become a platform.  Now as it relates to Dell, I think it's a better together message. You take VxRail. We should be together the best option relative to smaller companies like Nutanix. If you take VMware together with Workspace One and Dell Laptops, now put Microsoft in the mix, there's nobody else. There's small companies like Citrix, Mobile Line trying to do it. We should be better than them. In a multi-cloud world, there may be other companies like Red Hat. We should be better than them. That said, VMware needs to also have a focus when customers don't have Dell infrastructure. Some people may have HP servers and EMC storage or Dell servers and NetApp storage or neither Dell or EMC. In that case, you still need VMware. And that's the way we roll. We want to be relevant to a multi-cloud, multi-server, multi-storage, any hardware, any cloud, any app, any device. I got to go back to the Red Hat comment a couple ago. Inside of IBM, right? So it looks like a two-horse race here. I mean, you guys going hard after multi-cloud coming at it from infrastructure, IBM coming at it with Red Hat from a PAS layer. I mean, if I were IBM, I'd learn from VMware. Leave it alone. Let it blossom. I mean, we have a very good partnership with IBM. Let me first say that IBM Global Services, GTS is one of our top SI partners. We do a ton of really good work with them. IBM Software, we partner in a number of different areas. Yeah, we do compete with Red Hat with the part of their portfolio that's related to containers, not with Linux. 80% plus of their business is Linux. They've got parts of JBoss and OpenStack that are kind of, you know, not doing so well. But we do compete with OpenShift, that's okay. But we don't, I mean, we can walk and chew gum. So we can compete with Red Hat and yet partner with IBM, that's okay. We just need to be the best at doing container platforms better than OpenShift or anything that Red Hat has. But we'll still partner with IBM. We have to be able to look at a world that's not black and white. And this partnership with Microsoft is a good example of that. It's not a zero sum game. It is a huge market in its early days. Talk about what's up for you now. What's next? What's your main focus? What's your priorities? Listen, we're getting ready for a VMworld now, you know, in August. We want to continue to build momentum and make many of these solutions platforms. So I tell our sales reps, take the number of customers you have and add a zero behind that, okay? So if you've got 10,000 customers of NSX, how do we get 100,000 customers of NSX? You have 19,000 customers of VSAN, which by the way is significantly ahead of Nutanix. How do we make that 190,000 customers, okay? And we have that base because we have vSphere and we have the Dell base, we have other partners. We have, I think, 80,000 customers of end user computing, tens of millions of devices. How do we make sure that we are Workspace One is on billion devices? Very much possible. That's the vision. I think what's resonating for me when I hear you guys, when you hear you talk and we have conversations also when Pat on stage talks about it, the simplification message is a good one and the consistency of operating across multiple environments. Because it sounds great. If you can achieve that, that's a good thing. How are you guys getting it? How are you making it simpler to run IT and the consistent operating environment? It's all about keeping the customer in the middle of this and when we listen to customers, all of these announcements, the partnerships, whether it was AWS, Microsoft, anything that we've done, it's about keeping the customer first and the customer is basically guiding our path. They're kind of, and often when I sit down with customers, I have the privilege of talking to hundreds and thousands of them, many of these CIOs in the S&P 500, I've known for years from SAP to VMware, they'll call me or they'll text me. They want us to be a trusted advisor to help them understand where and how they should move in their digital transformation and compare their journey to somebody else's. So when we can bring the best off, for example, a developer and operations, infrastructure together, what's called DevOps. Customers are wrestling through that in their cloud journey. When we can bring a multi-device world with a digital workspace, customers are wrestling that with that journey. They're trying to figure out how much they keep on premise, how much they move in the cloud. They're thinking about vertical specific applications.  And when you do that, I mean, the beautiful world of technology is there's always stuff to innovate.  They'll never get their digital transformation game and act together, right? Absolutely right. Sanjay, great to see you. We'll see you at VMworld. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, come on. We got to talk hoops. All right.  We're Celtics fan. We'll be our dream to be able to- Both of you are? This guy's a Palo Alto man. He's a Celtics fan. To have the privilege to go up against the great Warriors, but what's your prediction this year? I don't know, man. I mean, listen, I love the Warriors. I mean, it's a, in some senses, a little bit of a tougher one now that the Marcus Cousins is out for, I don't know, maybe all the playoffs, but I love Steph. I love KD. I love Clay. You know, and many of those guys are going to be, a couple of those guys are going to be free agents. So I want them to do it again. Enjoy it well. Last because I don't see anybody stop it. Hey, Warriors, Celtics, maybe a good finals. That would be fun. They match up. They got to make it through the Raptors though. They match up well. They match up well. That's right. Why Leonard is tough. All right, thanks. All right, Sanjay, great to come on. Sanjay Putin, COO of VMware inside the Cube, breaking down his commentary view on the landscape of the industry and the big news with Microsoft and their other partners, bringing you all the action here. Day one of three days of coverage here in the Cube. We got two sets, a cannon of Cube coverage out there. Be back with more after this short break.


Welcome, traders, to another Tick-Mail Chartout with me, Patrick Munley. Want to draw your attention to the USD-CNH, Chinese Yuan, this is the dollar for our timeframe. And we are making an impulsive advance from the lows posted at the end of May, subdividing nicely. And we're looking now at a potential wave for low being in place at 6.4526. I'm looking for a break now of the weekly pivot to the upside. So a close through 6.4699, set long positions, targeting monthly range resistance 6.5012, weekly range resistance 6.5046 to complete this initial five wave advance off the low. So as always, traders, plan the trade, trade the plan, most importantly, manage your risk. Until next time, thanks very much.


I am welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question. The question says, compute limit x tends to pi by 2 secant x minus tan x. Let's now begin with the solution. In this question, we have to evaluate limit of secant x minus tan x x tends to pi by 2. You know that secant x is equal to 1 by cos x and tan x is equal to sin x pi cos x. So this is equal to limit x tends to pi by 2 1 by cos x minus sin x by cos x. This is equal to limit y minus sin x divided by cos x as x tends to pi by 2. Now we will put h as x minus pi by 2. So as x tends to pi by 2, then h tends to 0. Now h equals to x minus pi by 2 implies x is equal to pi by 2 plus h. By substituting pi by 2 plus h in place of x, in this expression we get limit h tends to 0 1 minus sin pi by 2 plus h divided by cos pi by 2 plus h. Now this is equal to limit h tends to 0 1 minus cos h divided by minus sin h. This is equal to minus 1 into limit h tends to 0 1 minus cos h divided by sin h. This is equal to minus 1 into limit h tends to 0 1 minus cos h is 2 sin square h by 2 and sin h is 2 sin h by 2 cos h by 2. Now this is equal to minus 1 into limit h tends to 0 sin h by 2 divided by cos h by 2. This is equal to minus 1 into limit h tends to 0 tan h by 2. And this is equal to minus 1 into tan 0. Hence our required answer is 0 as tan 0 is equal to 1. So this completes the session. Bye and take care.


Hello, and welcome to my going live here. Okay, so a lot of things I want to talk about today. I hope I can keep them in order. And this is not as dorky as my last lot helpful criticism or like you should do this or you should do that on the last one I did. Thank you, everybody for that really appreciate it. Okay, so here we go. I'm Tony green. I am a channel a psychic medium. And what I do basically is when people talk to me ask me questions. I information comes through me for them and I basically help guide spiritually guide your life. But I also do some healing and clearing work that is, I think pretty profound. It's very helpful for people to get where they want to be to get rid of what's no longer working and get to what is working. So I like to start every single stream and radio show and TV show I have, I host and produce two TV shows which are on hold right now because of everything going on in the world. So, but the radio show is every Monday at noon. And I heard itunes blog talk, you can call in ask questions get questions answered. There's a number of healings and clearings in there also for everybody. But I like to start every, everything I do. I start with a clearing. And the reason I do this is I believe we can get rid of the old energy habits patterns, things going on in our lives. We can get to where we want to be we can get to be who we know we should be and who we want to be. So having said that, let's go ahead and this is all about abundance wealth money and clearing what's blocking us from that. So they're there. And there are so, so many, many, many things that can block us from finances, wealth receiving like so many people just aren't comfortable receiving.  So we want to be in that space where we are not wasting away our finances and we are not blocking them from coming in. So the first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to like make a statement and it's positive. Then I start the clearing for that. So we are blocking money from coming in. Yes, I get it. Yes. So I'm going to start and actually angels Holy Spirit come in and clear that. So whether you're watching or rewatching this, the power and the significance of this is the same. It's all energy. And if you have the intention and if question for me just pop it in the comments section and hopefully, hopefully I'll get it. I haven't answered a question on here yet, but we're about to find out if I can do that. Until that point I'm just going to talk and believe me I can talk. So if you want me to stop talking, just pop in a question for me. So the next thing I want to say as far as clearance go because this is all about wealth, you're comfortable with wealth and I'm getting a no so we're going to start clearing that and that hits me. Like right here and here and that's, that's the heart that's fear that's, this is all all encompassing like this isn't even in the head folks this is in a fear zone. And a lot of people do have a lot of fear with money, especially large amounts we have this preconceived notion that and maybe we were taught this in childhood, maybe it's a belief system.  And we, we as much as our parents want us to do better than them, we're always afraid or have some kind of preconceived notion about passing that level of our parents, or how about this one, we feel like, if we do well, we have to take care of everybody else. And I'm going to, I'm going to say this and, and for some of you this is going to resonate and for some of you, it is not going to resonate it's okay either way, if this applies to you, it will be healed if it doesn't and if you don't want it to be healed that's, that's quite all right to have that obligation to heal and help others. That's great, as long as it's not taking you under. Okay, if it's taking you under. If it's leaving you with nothing, then it's not great, it's not good, it's not what should be happening.  Okay, it just, that's a really cute statement. It just cannot happen. So we're giving more than we're receiving and I get a yes on that. So we start clearing that. Now the other thing I want to work on, and this is the biggest, biggest one. The biggest one is that we need to be in that place where we accept wealth.  Because so many people are really, really uncomfortable with the term wealth. Why? It's a great term. I'm wealthy. That to me is an absolutely amazing term, but nobody wants to own that because they're afraid of the judgment in it. They're afraid of the, not only the judgment, but like what other people will think, but then what obligation that puts them in. Like if people know I have, will they take? If people know that I have, what will they think of me? If people know I have, then I'm gonna, whatever it is, whatever it is. So let's start clearing that, all of that out because that is unhealthy. I want you to start thinking of money like air. And the bottom line with money is that we need it just like we need air. We live in a world where we need money. But we also live in a world where money has been demonized. It's the bad thing. It's bad except for those who have it. And those who have it are the ones trying to make the rest of us feel like it's bad to have it. Like there's inequality. And if you have too much and somebody else doesn't have enough, then you're, you have to give. Let somebody else get up and do the work that you did to get what you have. Instead of taking from you to give to somebody who's all up on the couch watching TV, doing what they're doing, right? Why? That makes no, no sense. But the, the millionaires and the billionaires in this world that are preaching equality and give, give, give are not giving. Seriously, they are holding, holding, holding and building, building, building. Okay, so as nice as all their statements are on their platforms. Hello, let's be realistic. So let's get in that space now where we can really embrace, really have that understanding that I worked for this. If I truly want to help somebody I can, but I'm very comfortable with wealth. I'm not worried about judgment of wealth. Now the other, the next topic I want to go to with wealth is the topic of responsibility, responsibility. People think if they have a lot of money, that this brings in a lot of responsibility. It brings in this, and I'll give you an example because it's so much easier to do the example than it is to actually explain it because the words just aren't coming to me right now. So if you have, let's just say $1,000, you've probably already spent it, knew this, knew that, catching up. If you have $10,000, okay, that, that might feel a little bit more heavy to you. And you might be thinking, oh, I, I need to pay all the, and that $10,000 is going to go because, because we all have a comfort zone with money. And whatever our comfort zone is, is where inevitably we will end up back at that point. Let me tell you how to figure out your personal comfort zone. Your personal comfort zone is the amount left, the amount left in your checking savings, after a pay period, the amount left. That's your comfort zone. Okay.  So if you get large sums of money, you typically already have that spent or have things you need, want, and so on and so forth, somebody else needs, wants, and then you're needing to take care of all of that and the money's gone. So we're at $10,000. Now we're going to go to $20,000. Now, let's jump at $50,000.  I need this. I need that. And then that's gone, right?  I love that statement, by the way, dollar yourself to death. That is something people do in the store. 75% of what your cart is in your cart at checkout is not necessary, right? So we can all look back to any shopping trip and realize that. And that's like picking away your money, picking away, we don't buy those big ticket items, we do the little items, but we do a lot of them. And we, seriously, we kind of bought a big ticket item that was a better item instead of all these little items that are not necessary, right? Okay, so we have that. And then, but now let's go up to $100,000. And then all of a sudden, you're paying off everything, you're taking care of people, and we're back down to our comfort zone, right? So now, now with $100,000, if somebody just walked up, or you just want $100,000, you would be like, oh, it's so different than winning $10. But it shouldn't be. It should not be. You should be comfortable, no matter what amount of money falls in your lap, okay? There should not be a difference between $10 and $1 million as far as your comfort level with it. And I know because of what we have been taught, because of how people talk about money, there is for us. But there should not be. It should never get to that point. Never. Now, if we go, let's say to a million dollars, are you comfortable with that? Does that feel heavy? Does that feel like too much? And for a lot of people, it will. It will feel like I don't want that much money. There are literally people, I've heard, I know one woman in particular, that will call people with more money than what she has a greedy pig. What?  Like why would you call somebody who has worked and built and saved and was smart with money and is employing hundreds, if not thousands of people, a greedy pig because they're being rewarded for the work they do?  Yep. She's always here. Why? Because in her mind, people with money are greedy pigs. And if she has money, she's a greedy pig. Not me. Not me. Don't point at me. Her. I believe prosperous people can only enlighten other people. Like if you don't see it in somebody else, you can't achieve it for yourself. Now, let me turn this. I'm going to do a clearing on our comfort zone and being able to raise our comfort zone with money. You know, all of these clearings are a little bit different and all of these clearings are very powerful. I implore you to watch this as many times as necessary. You may feel things going on in your body. Like that. I always release through deep heavy breaths. Okay. And you might feel pressure, cold, hot, dizzy, just a little mind spinning. Wherever this affects you, it might be in the fear, the heart, in the head. Wherever it affects you, that might be where you're feeling it. And a lot of people, money affects them. Like in that root area, that between the hips area, because that's our safety, our security, our base, right? So let's say here's the statement I'm going to make. Everybody watching and rewatching this is comfortable letting go of their comfort zone. Oh, I'm already getting a note. And having an unlimited amount of money for a comfort zone. Yeah, that's hitting hard note. So we're going to start clearing that. Oh, and that goes all the way up from the base to the top, just like this whoosh of energy leaving. I hope you guys are feeling this. If you are, comment, comment. Okay, now, if you're not, if you don't want to comment, it's okay.  Okay, so the next thing we're going to go to, I forgot where I was before we did the comfort zone clearing. But let's go here. Next, I want to talk about. Oh, yes. Thank you. What do we do with money? Do we let it go quickly? Are we able to hold on to it for that for the future? Now, before I go into this, and I'm going to write that down. Hold on to money. Hold on. Because before I go into this one, I really want to hit up. I really want to hit a point solid.  I want you to have that light bulb moment, that thing that says, oh my God, yeah. So here's what I want to say. We all have, not all of us, I don't have any children, but I have nieces, right? I have nieces that I adore. Just they're better than my children because I don't have to deal with the naughtiness of them, but they're not naughty. See, I'm their aunt, so I think they're perfect. I never see the naughty side, and I love that. And I want them, and most parents that I know, almost every parent that I know wants their kids to do better than they did, wants their children to have unlimited success, unlimited potentials, unlimited money. They want them to have everything in the world, right? And we see that by the commercialized world we're living in. We see how parents are giving their kids everything they never had, and then some, preparing them for college, getting them here and there, and doing everything they need to do for their children, right? So here's the aha, hopefully, moment of that. Your children learn what they live. You can say everything you want to them about money and having money, and most parents don't even touch this conversation with their kids. They're not even saying, like, okay, let's talk about money. Let's talk about what your potential is. Let's talk about unlimited success for you. Parents don't, instead they're busy saying, get good grades, you got to get to college. You have to do this in college so you can, you can accomplish this. They're not saying, let's talk about how money is everywhere, and so on and so forth. They're not, a lot of parents don't have that conversation about whatever you do, you have the ability to have as much as you want, right? And most parents are just talking about, you know, get good grades, take the next step, okay? But if we do want our nieces, nephews, children to have that amazing life with the financial security or the amount of money that is perfect for them, we have to show them. Somebody has to show them that that's a possibility. Somebody has to be in that space of having money and taking care of themselves. And I watch so many people spend their last or spend a lot of money on their children, even though they know that their savings are going down and they're doing it with the best of intentions, right? The best of intentions, whether it's like private schools or getting them the latest gaming system or the clothes, whatever it is. And they're not doing it for themselves. They're not taking care of themselves.   It's okay to take care of others, but not myself.  And that is like, I hope this is hitting home for some of you, because it's more important to teach financial security and abundance than material stuff. And we all know that on some level, but we also want to give our children and our nieces and our nephews everything that we didn't grow up with. Well, guess what? There's just a lot more in this world right now that wasn't even available when we were children and how much of it is necessary. Again, those unnecessary items. But beyond that, if you want your children to have unlimited resources, you have to be there first. So let's go back to holding onto money. See, I had to refer to my little note here. And we are able to hold on to money. We are able to build our resources and I'm getting a note. And for some of us, this isn't true for everyone. So please, if it's not true for you, it's okay. It might be true for some others. So for whoever this is true for, we're going to start clearing this now. And that really hits me right here. For you, it might be hitting you in another spot. But for me, it hits right here. I'm feeling this clearing come from this spot right here. Yeah, right there. You can't see it because it's a little bit below my camera, but that's okay. Oh, that's a biggie. Oh my goodness, that's a real biggie for me. Obviously, this isn't something I've even cleared on myself yet because I really feel that it's going down into my stomach like whoa. Let's give this a quick second. It cracks. Oh, I cracked me up. Okay, so with all of these clearings today, I want you to know that you might have what this does. We're going to clear this, heal it. And for some of you, it will be immediate. For some of you, some people can clear like that. Some people can heal like that, right? For others, it might take a minute. And if it's taking a minute, come back. Watch this again. I might have to watch this again. Oh, I'm sorry for all the heavy breathing. Kind of. So this holding onto money is obviously a big one. Building resources is obviously a big one. My eyes are actually watering upright now. It's ridiculous. Okay, get it together. Okay, so on that, I'm going to let you know to again, if it can take up to a month and for some people, even longer, if this is really deep rooted, it can take a little longer. Now, really quick, I want to, I want to, sorry for the stand up there, but I had to grab these and not knock everything over. So I have written an authored, I've authored, I think that's the right term, seven books. And I just want to show you two of them now. They would make great gifts for people that you love a great gift for yourself. This one is called channeled messages from above, whispers from heaven. And these are like messages from angels. And there, there's a lot of poetry in here, a lot of poems. And I channeled all of them. And there were a couple that I, I like literally could not get through. When I was editing them, I had the most difficult time getting through them, like they hit home for me too. So that's the first book that I put that down there. And this one, oh, I love this book. It looks like a big book. It's not. Don't let that scare you. It's not very wordy. It's like this. Okay, so there's a, it's called what if a transformational, a transformational guide. Sorry, I should know the titles of my own books. And this is just, there's a question, it states a what if question. And then I always tell people, I'll start with a notebook and write your first responses in the notebook because later on, after you've gone through a couple of these, it's literally going to change your mindset. Seriously, and this again, this whole book was channeled. All of, all of my books have been channels. So this, it may be on the third or fourth go round of a question, you might want to respond in the book, but there is space to respond in the book. So this is a great book for couples and families, or in your work environment to do together. It's designed to open the mind and the perspectives that you have about life, people, places, just everything. So those are the two books I'm going to tell you about today. Down below are links to my, there's a link. To order a book for my author page on Amazon. I want to thank you for joining me until next Tuesday. Make it, make it amazing. Just make miracles in your own life.


Yeah, I'm in the courtroom. I'm crying. You know they're saying, oh, you've got to go to Stamford House Secure unit, which is on Gold Oak Road, Shepard's Portion That was my first taste of of real of prison because you're not allowed to to leave there or nothing.  Yeah and People like Chrissy Eubank were there. Hope was class. He protected me. Yeah.  I remember his name But not because of me but you know He died but obviously He's an abuser as well because he attacked me and threw me out the the thing. He might have been not the one that was doing stuff to me But you know, I got to Stanford House and You know my first taste but I was weak then small I tried to run away a couple of times they put me in this little block thing Because they had those little like a wooden bed, but it was like a cell door. That's like at 12 13 Um James and then they said oh, we're not going to send you to an approved school this time We're going to send you to another children's home and I was over the moon because I was too scared to go to an approved school But I got children's home in Mozart state and The school wouldn't have me back So I lost out on that I was like to mention my school teacher. Everybody was scared of miss Harding an old lady. Everybody was frightened of her She used to always come to the children's home on Easter and Christmas and bring me presents with her Army husband and I used to think she was a bad woman But I realized now in later life that really she felt What I couldn't see Do you see what I mean and that's another angel that I look at that I didn't see the nice hide when she used to come because she Weren't my mum I just think oh, I don't want her to come but you'd have been scared of any adult at that time That you weren't getting try to get manipulated again and Buried and abused so you'd have been fearful anyone that came into your life, especially the ones who were good Yeah That you'd have questioned everything probably even to this day your question everything but yeah to be then you'd have been Probably scared. Yeah. She was actually trying to help you. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you. Good one James Hey, James and then after Samford House order the Mozart because this is my fondest ever memories living in Mozart Not um listen green and labyrinth grove and because that was where I met all the young burglars and good ones If you like I know like bad now, but you know back then the west london lot were a bit more Swarv and a bit more swag if you like then The rest of the areas people might be open to debate, but you know, we were surrounded by A lot of nice places where you could steal and get decent money from quite early But scared it at Christchewbank. It shows you he channeled his anger and aggression down the boxing route Yeah, it came one of the greatest boxers. Yeah, do not mean it's In life, it's crazy how we channel things and see things differently and Where we get we're kicked from where we get we're adrenaline rushes. He was obviously blessed He had a talent and he's used it. They probably still got that trusty. I think people Don't really understand his character. He's got a phenomenal story So he has this it's very deep and I spoke to him a couple of times and I try to get him on the podcast But people see him as he's like a character.  I think he was boxing and ended his career, but he does a lot of charity work still, I think for For him He was big for his age James Or unless it was because I was small and I was getting bullied by some geezer called Morris Lewis How do you remember their names? Because I'm folk with dates timed being out At what prisons I went to it's all Clocked into my mind. Yeah, because that's all I've ever done. What happened with the bully He said leave him alone and they were head to head He said leave leave Sammy alone and he was sticking up for me and you know, it all got stopped and everything But I remember that bit and yeah once I got to Mozart Um, it all started


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video, I am going to demonstrate you how you can implement dynamic 2D array using constructor and destructor in C++. Before starting, you can note my information. You can connect with me by following these details. You can download my app Takimis based on programming languages from Google Play. You can search my channel by typing my name on YouTube search. My channel will be available there. You can visit my channel. You can subscribe my channel if you want to follow my videos. Here various programming language related videos and playlists are available. You can follow them. Now coming on to the topic. You can see a comment dynamic 2D array using constructor and destructor is written. Then I have included a header file IO stream. Then STD namespace is used. Then a class name is matrix. Inside matrix class, I have declared three attributes. One is P pointer to pointer. Then R and C are normal variables. Then you can see I have implemented a constructor. In this program, constructor is dynamically allocating memory for a matrix. So first it is reading rows and columns from user using these C out and scene statements. Then memory will be allocated for rows and memory will be of integer pointer type. So beginning address will be assigned into P. Then using this for loop, individual columns will be created. Here memory will be allocated for integer type and size will be C. So you can see first number of rows will be created and for each row, number of columns will be created by this loop. After execution of this constructor, destructor is defined. Inside destructor, first all columns are destroyed and after completion of this loop, all number of rows which are allocated to P will be deleted. So constructor is allocating memory dynamically and destructor is deallocating dynamically allocated memory. Then read and print functions are declared. After termination of class, you can see first read function is defined. So read function is reading values inside P of ij using these two nested loops. First is repeating r times and second is repeating column times. Then print function, again it is having two nested loops. First is repeating number of rows times and second is repeating column times. Then it is displaying values of P of ij on console. This handle is used because I want to display values and metrics from it. So after completion of inner loop, that is j loop, line will be changed and next row will be displayed in new line. After reading and printing functions, main function is implemented. Here an object M is created. So whenever this object is created, constructor will be called automatically. Then see out, enter elements. This message will be displayed. Then read function is called through M object. So all the elements will be entered by the user. Then this message you have entered will be displayed and print function will display all the elements which is entered by the user on console. After termination of main function, destructor will be called automatically and all the memory blocks created by new operator will be destroyed. So friends, I hope you have understood how you can use constructor and destructor for dynamic memory allocation and deallocation respectively. Now I am executing this code so that you can understand it is working properly. I have passed number of rows and columns 2, 2 and I am entering four times because I have to enter four elements. You can see the output. Output is displayed in matrix format and number of rows and columns are 2, 2. So friends, this way I have created dynamic 2D array using constructor and destructor in C++. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can visit my channel on YouTube that is sanjagopta underscore tech school. You can search it by my name only. Here various programming related videos and playlists are available. Thank you for watching this video.


How to deal with manipulative people. Imagine you have a friend. You love your friend, but you realize a few things. They always get what they want, tear down your confidence, and always play the victim. What does this mean? It might mean your friend is an emotional manipulator. So what do you do? Well, lucky for you, we've provided some tips to make sure you don't get played and can hopefully help them in the end. Number one, stopping the victimhood. Maybe you notice that your friend always plays the victim, no matter what happens. Sometimes they might actually not know what they're doing wrong, and thus don't assume responsibility for their actions. Sometimes they're doing it on purpose. This is when the behavior is manipulative. What you do in this case is to keep things light and positive. Slowly let them know that it's okay to make a mistake so they can start to accept responsibility for their actions. Leveling the playing field.  These manipulators get their confidence by putting others down and belittling other people's issues and successes. What you have to do here is to be honest. You tell them, hey, I appreciate you telling me your story, and I'm glad you can empathize, but I just need some advice or comfort or someone to listen. By accepting what the manipulator is doing, you've taken away their power to hurt you. Lessening the load.  The way you can combat this is to slowly put them into positions of decision-making or power. Tell them that you're uncomfortable with the weight they put on your shoulders by making you the leader all the time. At first, they might be mad, but slowly they may appreciate, feel equal, and enjoy taking action. Talk about it. The classic emotional manipulator is known as a triangulator. They'll say anything to get someone on their side. They'll break relationships and even families by pitting people against each other. The more support they have, the more power they feel they have. The best way to stop this is to open channels of communications. Keep talking to your friends and family, no matter what the triangulator is saying. This way you're all on the same page, no matter what the manipulator says. Stand your ground. This is difficult if you're dealing with a manipulator that steamrolls everything and every one. Like the Hulk, manipulators can sometimes use anger and even violence to blast you out of an argument. You can't ask questions because they yell and yell.  Wait for them to get tired of yelling and then have a proper discussion. It also works to walk away from the manipulator, especially if you feel that you're in physical danger. Healthy skepticism. If your manipulator always has to make it seem they and their life is perfect, don't buy it. If they say something wrong, call it out. Don't point out all their flaws, but call out that bull. It's perfect, and knowing our flaws is the only way we can grow. Change your language. There's always going to be miscommunication in relationships, but if you're always to blame for getting the message wrong or delivering it wrong, it could be a sign that you're being manipulated. Over time, this treatment can make you afraid to speak up. What do you do to prevent this? Speak in I feel sentences so they can't twist your feelings easily. For example, I feel grossed out by all the old dishes in the sink, not you gross me out by not cleaning the dishes. Know what you want. Flirting is fun. Most of us do it and usually like experiencing it. However, if someone is using flirtation to have everyone admire them with disregard to everyone's feeling, this is a sign it's being used as a manipulation tactic. These manipulators use their charm and sexuality to get everything they want. To block them out, don't fall for their wit and charm. Know what you want and know what they're saying or asking for. Don't get swept away by their flirtatious attitude. Stand up emotionally. Manipulators that are harsh, heavy and bash people down to get what they want are often dealing with insecurities themselves. With these people, you need to stand up to them and hold your ground. Know who you are. Don't let them drag you down into insecurity. And finally, sometimes your manipulator just won't stop. In that case, we recommend you cut them out completely. If they're too important to you to let go of or if you feel you might be physically unsafe, talk to someone in a position of authority. Sometimes you might need some help to deal with manipulators. We hope that by using all the tips we just taught you, you can get out of that manipulative relationship. That's all for now from us here at Psych2Go. Hang tough and hang in there and don't forget to subscribe for more tips.


We have discussed particle in a box where the particle was confined in a box with infinitely high walls as far as in terms of potential energy and then we completed the discussion in the last module saying that experimentally it was seen that alpha particles come out of radioactive nuclei even though their kinetic energy is lower than the potential barrier offered by the nucleus from which they come. So, the situation was pretty much like this cartoon where well this is available on the internet where you are supposed to push this stone above a small hill in classical world we push it up and then we have to come to the other side which means you have to surmount the energy barrier. In quantum world as we will see and as is suggested by this alpha particle experiment it appears that quantum particles can tunnel through it is as if there is a tunnel so you cannot do not have to go up the hill we just go from here to here through the tunnel. This phenomenon is called quantum mechanical tunneling and that is what happens when we have a potential barrier which is finite and not infinite. So, let us understand the system that we are going to discuss. So, what we have is that we have the same particle in a box we start from the left hand side we have an infinite potential in the model that we are discussing in the next step we are not going to discuss it here but I encourage you to do it by yourself self study one can also see what happens when this potential is also not infinite but to make things keep things simple let us say the first potential barrier is infinite. So, if you go to the left you have v equal to infinity then you have region 1 analogous to the box we had earlier where v equal to 0. So, as long as the particle is in region 1 this its potential energy is equal to 0 and then there is a an energy barrier of finite height and finite width. Now, we have written x equal to 0 here where the second barrier starts because that makes the mathematics easier. One could write this is x equal to 0 this is x equal to l the expressions will be a little more complicated that is all. So, here what we say is that let us say that we have a barrier whose width is a small a. So, starting point is x equal to 0 end point is x equal to a. So, beyond x equal to z a once again v equal to 0 but between x equal to 0 and x equal to a v is some finite value of v 0. This is the height of the barrier and what is the energy of the particle let us say the energy is e you will notice here that e is the arrow denoting e is smaller than the arrow denoting v why because do not forget the entire question arose out of that radioactivity problem where kinetic energy of the alpha particle was less than the potential barrier offered by the nucleus and remember this e here is as long as it is in this region it is essentially kinetic energy when it goes here it will have contributions for potential energy also. So, three regions first region very similar to the box except for the border on the right hand side region 1 where v equal to 0 region 2 where v equal to v 0 region 3 where v equal to 0 once again the difference between 1 and 3 is that this is unbound it can go up to x equal to infinity. Let us write Schrodinger equation for these three equations three regions and while I speak I encourage those of you who are seeing this video taking this course please grab a pen and a notebook and start writing yourself that way we understand better. So, Schrodinger equation for regions 1 and 3 are the same why because v equal to 0 so that is going to be minus h cross square by 2 m d 2 psi dx 2 is equal to e psi very simple only kinetic energy is there no question of potential energy potential energy is equal to 0 no problem what about region 2 that also is simple minus h cross square by 2 m there is a typo here I am sorry minus is missing oh no there is no typo I have actually rearranged the equation h cross square by 2 m multiplied by d 2 psi dx 2 is equal to v 0 minus e multiplied by psi. Schrodinger equation for region 2 where v equal to v 0 is after rearrangement h cross by 2 m d 2 psi dx 2 equal to v 0 minus e multiplied by psi please write Schrodinger equation yourself as minus h cross square by 2 m d 2 dx 2 plus v 0 operating on psi and giving e psi and convince yourselves that upon rearrangement you are going to get this equation h cross square by 2 m d 2 psi dx 2 equal to v 0 minus e psi. So, we have written Schrodinger equation no problem what will the wave functions be for region 1 is like free particle or well particle in a box and this time instead of writing their sine function let us write a e to the power i k x plus b e to the power minus i k x you might remember from our earlier discussion that one can use either this or that because when you have exponential imaginary terms their linear combinations lead to cosine or sine terms whether that function is imaginary or not depends on the coefficients a and b. In case of particle in a box coefficients are such that coefficient of cos term is 0 coefficient of sine term is a real number. So, we can still write a e to the power i k x plus b e to the power minus i k x we do that because we have this idea that e to the power i k x e to the power minus i k x are eigen functions of the linear momentum operator. What about psi 3 same thing but let us just write different expression for the different coefficients let us write f e to the power i k x plus g e to the power minus i k x k remember is root over 2 me by h cross what about psi 2 again we can write a similar form of a function see e to the power this time we write kappa x we write it a little differently because here the situation is different for region 2 than for regions 1 and 3 v 0 is non-zero so we write kappa incidentally if you see Atkins book Atkins has used kappa for this region if you read pillars quantum chemistry book k and kappa reinterchanged. So, what I have essentially done is that I have adopted Atkins nomenclature Atkins convention but I have performed the treatment as discussed in pillars book as you understand for complicated expressions one can rearrange to get it another complicated expression expression we will get is the one that is there in pillars book but end of the day no matter which book it is provided they are correct they all mean the same alright. So, psi 2 psi in region 2 here in the barrier is c e to the power kappa x plus d e to the power minus kappa x we will come back to what kind of a function that would be and here it is important to understand that that imaginary function is not there because we will draw it in the real plane also kappa is root over 2 m not e but we will write v 0 minus e divided by h cross that is important because you have rearranged it in this way it is a differential equation this is what the solution is going to be. Now, let us apply some boundary conditions what are the boundary conditions psi must be continuous upon going from region 1 to region 2 and going from region 2 to region 3 psi at x equal to 0 psi 1 at x equal to 0 must be equal to psi 2 at x equal to 0 and psi 2 at x equal to a here must be equal to psi 3 at x equal to a and since the size here are real we have a real wave function in this region as well one more boundary condition that will apply here and did not apply in particle in a box really is the continuity of the first derivatives d psi 1 at x equal to 0 dx d psi 2 dx at x equal to 0 they must be equal to each other same holds for the first derivative of psi 2 and psi 3 at x equal to a knowing this we can try to draw the wave function of this system and this is what it is going to look like inside this well sort of a box we have a sine function kind of thing and since both psi and d psi dx has to be continuous here it will go like this same thing will happen here now let us talk about the shape of the wave function of psi 2 c e to the power kappa x plus d e to the power minus kappa x what is it one can easily see that this e to the power minus kappa x is a decay in x e to the power plus kappa x is a rise in x so depending on what kind of coefficient c and d are what you expect is you expect it to go down and come up what we actually work with we will see that later second thing is why do we call this quantum mechanical tunneling because now we see that because of this continuity we have some wave function outside we have written a wave function outside here as well right so some wave function is there outside but understandably the maximum amplitude in region 3 is much less than the maximum amplitude in region 1 because our model is that the particle is by and large in this confinement looks like a little bit of it comes out so probability of finding the particle in region 3 is going to be non-zero definitely but it would better be less than what it is inside the box itself all right and we are going to make use of this later on as well let us look at this first term for psi 1 in region 1 the first term in the expression for the wave function is amplitude multiplied by e to the power i k x and from our previous discussion we know very well that this wave function is an eigen function of the linear momentum operator and the eigen value is k h cross plus k h cross so if you draw an arrow for it this is the arrow we should draw what about the second one e to the power minus i k x that is an eigen function of linear momentum operator once again with eigen value of minus k h cross and as we have discussed earlier it means that the magnitude is same but direction is opposite so what we see inside is that we have the particle moving in either direction what about region 3 we can think so if you are talking about the particle leaking out then a net leak out would mean that the only direction that we need to consider is this we need not consider particles coming back because in the steady state situation no particle will actually go in so we can get away by drawing only one arrow and then we can actually remove the second term because if you have to consider this g equal e to the power minus i k x then we have to also consider reverse barrier crossing well it might be required in a more complicated treatment but in the simplistic treatment we can just neglect it so the second term goes then what we have been able to achieve so far is that we have been able to simplify the expression of at least one of the wave function and go down for two terms to one psi in region 3 turns out to be f e to the power i k x now what we need what we want to know is what is the probability of the particle getting through this barrier this is given by this quantity called transmission coefficient which is the ratio of number of particles penetrating the barrier divided by number of particles striking the barrier from the left number of particles penetrating the barrier would be given by the square of the amplitude well mod square of the amplitude f because square of amplitude is intensity number of particles striking the barrier from the left would be given by mod square of a b stands for particles going away we do not worry about that we only worry about particles impinging on the barrier from the left so ratio of mod square of f and mod square of a gives us transmission coefficient which is which is written as chi and that tells us how efficiently the tunneling is taking place so the next task is to find an expression of the transmission coefficient let us go ahead so from this first boundary condition that psi has to be continuous at x equal to 0 what we get is for psi 1 put x equal to 0 you get a plus b for psi 2 again we put x equal to 0 we get c plus d so we get a plus b is equal to c plus d that is the first boundary condition the second boundary condition that we use is psi is continuous at x equal to a if you put so what are the regions involved region 2 and region 3 in psi 2 if you put x equal to a what do we get c e to the power kappa a plus d e to the power minus kappa a and in the expression for psi 3 if you put x equal to a we get f multiplied by e to the power i k a so this is what we end up getting from the boundary conditions that wave function is continuous we get a plus b equal to c plus d and we get c e to the power kappa a plus d e to the power minus kappa a equal to f e to the power i k a now let us move on to the second set of boundary conditions where the first derivatives are said to be 0 at the boundaries so d psi dx is equal to 0 for psi 1 what does that mean if that is equal to 0 then what we get essentially is i k multiplied by a minus b is equal to kappa multiplied by c minus d what is the first derivative of psi for region 1 at x equal to 0 that is differentiate this we get i k a e to the power i k x plus i k b e to the power minus i k x now put x equal to 0 you get i k multiplied by a minus i k multiplied by b that is what gives left hand side of this expression now let us go to d psi 2 dx d psi 2 dx at x equal to 0 what do we get what is this what is psi 2 c e to the power e to the power c multiplied by e to the power kappa x plus d multiplied by e to the power minus kappa x let us differentiate we get kappa multiplied by c e to the power kappa x plus well minus kappa multiplied by d e to the power kappa minus kappa x so take kappa out you get c e to the power kappa x minus d e to the power minus kappa x x is equal to 0 hence we get kappa multiplied by c minus d similarly I leave it to you to work out that from the fourth boundary condition we get kappa multiplied by c e to the power kappa a see here there was an advantage x equal to 0 so that exponential term vanished we do not have any such luck here so we have to write kappa multiplied by c e to the power kappa a minus d e to the power minus kappa a is equal to i k multiplied by f into e to the power i k a so we have got four equations and from these four equations what is our job our job is to find the ratio of mod square of f and mod square of a to do that let us well first of all simplify this a little bit only keep things that are important not keep things that are not here on the left hand side we have definition of transmission coefficient we have the wave functions with one exception this g e to the power minus i kx term is not even there so I might might as well remove it so this g e to the power minus i kx we do not really need to worry about anymore psi 2 is equal to c e to the power kappa x plus d e to the power minus kappa x k and kappa are defined and here what we have done is on the right hand side we have removed the boundary conditions we have simply retained the relationships that came out of them now let us use them what you get is d e to the power kappa a multiplied by f e to the power i kappa a minus c e to the power kappa a this is when you make d the subject of formula so we get an expression for d I will go a little fast in this portion because this is just algebra knowing the steps one can work out easily so we get an expression for d and from this expression this equation we can work out another expression for d and we can eliminate these we get something like this so going further we can get expressions for c as well remember the substitution we have made is z equal to kappa divided by k so this is what we have got we have got two expressions one in c one in d both contain f in the right hand side and we have defined z as kappa divided by k now let us take these and plug them into the first simpler equations that we had if you look at the second one just division by i k yields a minus b is equal to i z multiplied by d minus c so 2 a turns out to be 1 minus i z multiplied by c plus d multiplied by 1 plus i z c for the sake of simplicity one can set to be equal to 0 why so why will we set c to be equal to 0 because if you look at the expression c is something that corresponds to exponential rise d corresponds to exponential decay with respect to x and of course this decay is going to predominate over the rise because the maximum amplitude of the wave function here in region 3 has to be much less than that in inside the box so c is not exactly equal to 0 but d is much larger than c and we can set it to be equal to 0 hence we get an expression for a in terms of f now this is what we have got you can work out mod a square this is the expression that we get and now we have got what we needed for the benefit of those who are going to work this out by themselves all the complex conjugates are written in blue while working out mods mod a square or mod f square what we essentially do is that we multiply every imaginary quantity by its complex conjugate so just following this one can work it out themselves so here we have this expression and our job is done because we have obtained the expression for the ratio of mod square of f and mod square of a that essentially is the transmission coefficient and the expression we get is 16 e to the power minus 2 kappa a divided by 1 plus z to the power minus 2 multiplied by 1 plus z square I have skipped working the steps of the algebra here please work them out yourselves and in case there is any doubt I will be happy to clarify them in the live session that we are going to have sometime in the first half of the course itself so here we are we have got an expression of the transmission coefficient that we had seeked we have got the expression to be 16 e to the power minus 2 kappa a divided by 1 plus z to the power minus 2 multiplied by 1 plus z square remember z is kappa divided by k what does this expression tell us what is transmission coefficient what does it mean larger value of transmission coefficient would mean a larger probability of the particle tunneling through the finite energy barrier so let us see on which factors it depends upon probability of course would be n multiplied by chi where n is the number of collisions or number of times the particle impinges on the barrier per second so now see e to the power minus 2 kappa a that is the really interesting part because z is essentially a constant for a system is just a ratio of kappa by k so this denominator would be a different constant for a different for different systems but for a given system it would be constant nevertheless so let us expand the exponential term a little bit and we get this to be e to the power 2 a by h cross multiplied by 2 m multiplied by square root of v 0 minus e this is the expression that teaches us two important things about the tunneling process first of all it is not very difficult for us to see that for a wider barrier tunneling is less probable well we can see it from the diagram itself see it is what we have here as we said is that it is sort of a decay right actually it is a curve that would go through a minimum but if we can have a thinner barrier then this here due to continuity this would be the amplitude of the wave function emanating into region 3 if you go further then this amplitude becomes smaller and smaller and smaller so from this diagram itself we can understand what you are talking about and if you look at this expression it is an exponential decay in terms of a which is the potential barrier so for a wider barrier tunneling is less efficient we can see lesser amount of tunneling takes place and for a higher energy barrier also tunneling is less probable because we have v 0 minus e to the power half here so what would happen if v 0 is very high once again this sky would become smaller I forgot to write the third point so let me just say it the other quantity that finds its place in this expression is m so for a lighter particle it is easier to tunnel for a heavier particle it is not so easy so these are the three things that we learned sorry for not having written the third one wider barrier less tunneling higher energy barrier less tunneling higher mass less tunneling and that sort of explains why we do not see it in the real world because they are all massive objects you see tunneling very nicely for electrons you do see it for protons not so easy to see it for deuterium deuterium we will come to that when we discuss the examples in the next few minutes now all these things that we have done this might sound as something that is well good algebra and good calculus nice theory but it also has tremendous tremendous applications and manifestations in real life around us one very important application that has been worked out using tunneling is called scanning tunneling microscopy so this is the is taken from Atkins physical chemistry book what you have there is that you have a tip of platinum or some size very highly conducting metal and if you interrogate a conducting surface with it what happens is electrons from the tip can go through can overcome the energy barrier and go there so if you complete the current at the circuit then you get this tunneling current that shows up and higher tunneling current of course means greater tunneling so what you do is you can maintain a constant tunneling current by moving the tip up and down and by how much the tip is moving gives an idea of what kind of surface you have so by using this one can get a nice image of the surface of a conducting material this is called scanning tunneling microscopy there are other variants atomic force microscopy that are performed that are used using modifications of this technique so the idea is this here we have a same tip here is a material and in between them there is a barrier so the electron can tunnel through this barrier that is the basis of the measurement and by using scanning tunneling microscopy one can get nice images at with atomic resolution here you see an image of sodium atoms here you see an image of graphene very often we chemists are accused of pretending that we can see molecules now we can say with confidence that we do not pretend we do see molecules and that is thanks to this strange phenomenon called tunneling here I show you another image just to manifest just to reiterate how precise this technique is what you see here is a carbon nanotube and you can see the length scales that we are integrating here this carbon nanotube has a defect somewhere here and if you look at the plot of height versus distance to maintain the constant tunneling current you see that this height suddenly takes jump so this is the kind of measurement that you can make you have one nanotube single nanotube in which there is one defect you can see it thanks to this strange phenomenon of tunneling of electrons through finite potential energy barrier these are more examples from published papers in the last 10-12 years the first one shows how tunneling takes place through different organic molecules second one takes this kind of a molecule here porphyrin joined with each other kept between two gold plates and they have shown how the dependence of tunneling current is on the length of the porphyrin chains and these give us very important understanding of the molecular systems themselves for those of you who are researchers I strongly encourage you to read these papers at least once then you will appreciate this technique a little better so what we have discussed so far is tunneling that we have that human beings have forced to happen to observe certain things or demonstrate certain things nature itself has plenty of systems in which tunneling takes place what you see here once again from a published paper of about 10 years ago is a protein which plays an important role in the process of respiration it is a respiratory protein name does not really matter for the time being whoever is interested may read this paper but what you see here in this colored what you see in color here is the electron tunneling pathway that takes place in this protein naturally and which plays a very important role in the function of the protein in the respiratory system so electron tunneling in bio in is something that is there in nature as well it is not necessary that we have to intervene and make electrons tunnel in fact one question that some student had asked me sometime ago and I could not answer is how do we smell we understand how we see how do we smell why is it that certain molecules stimulate our olifactory glands nowadays it is believed by a section of scientists that phonon assisted tunneling has an important role to play in smell as well and it is not as if electrons only tunnel protons are 2000 times heavier than electrons but still protons do tunnel and something like an example of proton tunneling is very well known in chemistry in the form of ammonia inversion ammonia can keep on inverting very efficiently and extension of this is Waldron inversion organic molecules the rate constant is unusually high 3 into 10 to the power 10 per second that is because the potential barrier is 5.8 kilo calorie per mole and the electron the proton can tunnel through if you take ND3 instead of NH3 this rate is slowed down significantly why because of that mass turn in that exponential decay in the tunneling coefficient expression for tunneling coefficient here is another example of a paper where this kind of inversion has been arrested by replacing by just by reduction of this quinone to hydroquinone so hydrogen bonding with the OH group engages this electron pair and does not allow the inversion to take place in fact in our group we have done some work on amine of quinolines using the same principle in fact even in hydrogen bond in hydrogen bonded systems where proton transfer takes place tunneling has an important role to play if you see what you see here is ice at low temperature nice ordered structure of ice now if you consider a hydrogen atom it is covalently bonded to a an oxygen atom and hydrogen bonded to the next oxygen atom now if it hops from this what did I say oxygen yeah so if you if it hops from this oxygen atom to this oxygen it will move very little bit so now what we see is that when it is covalently bonded to this oxygen atom that corresponds to an energy minimum when the same proton is hydrogen bonded to another oxygen atom it corresponds to a second energy minimum depending on the relative energies we get a symmetric or asymmetric double well potential and double well potential associated with the barrier this barrier once again is more or less of 5.8 kilocalorie per mole so the proton can tunnel so we have seen several examples of tunneling that takes place in chemistry and beyond chemistry tunneling that we make we force to happen tunneling that is already there in nature and what we have learned in this slightly longish module about quantum tunneling is that first of all this is a peculiar property of the quantum world that is not manifested in the macro world essentially because of the mass effect secondly it is less probable for higher and thicker energy barriers and here I have said it more probable for lighter entities there are many applications in physics chemistry biology and one thing I have not touched upon for the sake of time is electronics so even for engineers it is important to understand the phenomenon of tunneling so that brings us to an end of the discussion that we wanted to perform for particle in a box and its variants next we move on to other systems but some of us might be wondering where are the molecules where are the atoms where are the orbitals we will get there but before that let us talk a little bit about some other quantum mechanical systems rigid rotor and a harmonic oscillator because there are good models for molecules in rotation and molecules in vibration and also rigid rotor model prepares us for the discussion that we are going to have on hydrogen atom that is what we will do in the next few modules.


Hello, and welcome to the forum talk show. Our guest today is a Pete Mehta, marketing head of it take a startup think and learn, private limited or by juice from becoming India's most valued startup to expanding across the world to bagging big ticket sports sponsorship by juice always remains in the news for some or other reason. We decided to speak to the company's leadership to understand its strategy to take the FIFA BCCI and ICC sponsorship and also companies marketing strategy now. Welcome to the show. Thank you. Thanks for having me in financial 2022, your company spent around 2200 crores in advertising. Will you rationalize it now or continue to advertise aggressively as ever? So, see, marketing spends is a function of lot of other things. It's not a straightforward number. And not only us, any advertiser, any big brand, you when you are doing a new product launch, the budget requirement is higher. If you're doing a product enhancement, budget requirement is different. If you're targeting a new segment of consumers, or you have expanded to, for example, over your tier two, tier three, you will require a different budget. So, looking at as our plans over the next nine to 12 months, depending upon what is the right optimized marketing one needs to do, that will be, that will determine the budget. So, budget is always a derivative and it's not the starting point. Last year, a couple of years back, the objective of the marketing team was different. Today, the objective is different. Tomorrow, the objective might be completely new and whatever is required, higher or lower, and that would be done because we are here to build a brand. We are here to provide active learning or access to quality learning to everybody in the country. And we will continue that journey and we have been doing it for the last five, seven years and I have absolutely no doubt that why will we not do it as we go forward. So, we also have a relook at your FIFA, ICC and PCCITs, especially since all these, I think we are going to cost you maybe around more than 100 million dollars. Yeah, so let's take one thing at a time. The FIFA global partnership is for this particular World Cup, which is the 2022 Qatar World Cup.  The next FIFA World Cup is in 2026. They are four years away. So, closer to time, one would take a call and the 2026 World Cup, the FIFA World Cup is going to be held in US, Mexico and Canada. So, over the next four years, there would be a lot of things which would be different from what we see right now and closer to time, we will take that call. So, that's on FIFA. As far as BCCI is concerned, you would have read the news that we extended our partnership for front jersey principle sponsorship and the partnership continues. As far as ICC is concerned and as you would be knowing that they work in cycle, even the ICC broadcast rights which were closed three, four weeks back, they were in a slot of four years. One had the option to take eight years also, most of the broadcasters opted for four. Same is the case with brands. It's a four-year block. The four-year block ends in November 2023 after the 50 over World Cup which is scheduled to be in India. So, from that aspect, cricket is covered. FIFA happens once in four years. This year, FIFA is happening. 2026, we will take a call closer to time. True. In terms of media, we have seen that Baijus has been top spender on TV among startups. So, do you have any plans to focus on digital platforms which are cost-effective and performance-driven and also because you are yourself in online, you offer online courses? No, we have been doing that from day zero.  But once you start decoding the data, which is not available in a single measurement format as bug gives you TV, GRPs and it's new form and it can be compared. It's not available on digital. But if you look at it, digital has been so integral to everything which we do. So, it's about the media mix is based on how your consumers are. If you are doing a retargeting campaign, the performance piece goes up. If you are doing a mass reach program, you will do mass reach across broadcast medium. So, digital mass reach is possible. TV mass reach is possible. If you are doing a hyperlocal activity, for example, what we ended up doing as we started launching our Baijus Tushan Center. So, if I'm launching a Tushan Center in Mumbai and I have to target a four, five kilometer radius, digital may work to a great extent. TV will not work because the spillover is so high and then you look at local mediums like radio or outdoor or something else. So, again, depending upon what's your brand business objective, the media mix gets defined. But having said that, digital has been integrated or is very, very integral part of every marketing initiative which we do. It's not about TV or digital. It is how are we able to reach out to our audiences? How do we maximize reach at an optimized frequency at the right cost? Where do we see the growth now? I mean, within India and also across the world. Which part of the world you are looking at? In terms of our group or overall media? No growth and talking in terms of growth of Baijus in general. No. So, India, we have been there for the last 10, 12 years. This November will celebrate our 12th anniversary. As far as advertising perspective, we broke our first advertising in 2015. So, it's been seven years. The growth story continues and that is our core business and we will keep on building the core as we go forward. We have business operations in Latam. We have business operations in US. We have business operation in Middle East. Again, all these markets and the products which are available in those markets are different life cycle. The product life cycle is different for different different markets. And whatever needs to be done to grow a particular market or a particular brand in that market, that support will be always there and we will put in the capital. We will put in the resources. We will be putting engineering and tech and the talent to make it as big as a success what India has seen. What are your marketing and advertising plans for financial aid 2023 that is ongoing? And also, do you have any festival plans as well like most of the consumer FMCG companies have? Yeah. So, the beauty, I'll try to answer the second question first. The beauty of education is it's round the year. There is no seasonality. I don't have a big billion-day sale or the Amazon Great Avatar consumption festival or I'm not a white good or a car where I'll give massive discounts if you book on the Sarah and so on and so forth. So, education is round the year category because we all talk as parents, education is such an integral part of our daily discussions. So, there is no seasonality, seasonality from an education perspective. Of course, there are some spikes which we'll see when it's start of exam, exam gets over and especially in exam prep, when you have the engineering entrance or a medical entrance, those are the times when student enrolled for one year. So, there are like three or four weeks of spikes, but there is no seasonality in education. And as for marketing plans 2022-2023 is concerned, it is also based a lot of work is happening right now as we speak. It's a bit premature for me to talk about that. What are the new things we are launching? What new products we are bringing into the market? But yeah, as in when the products are GTM ready, appropriate level of marketing muscle will be put behind it, appropriate level of advertising will be created and media mix would be selected and you will see a great amount of excitement as we go forward. Thank you so much, Ateeth, for talking with us. Thank you very much.