I'm going to call the meeting to the order. The Colchester Planning Commission is 7-0-2. I don't know the person who got it, the agenda for consideration is zero for changes to agenda items in order. We can connect with all the public hearing from men to Colchester. Do you have a population supplement for 46? Yes, I'd like to make a motion to move into a public meeting. Public 46, we take it. Oh, sorry. On proposed, supplement 46 of the Colchester Development Regulations. Are you ready for a second? Awesome. Thank you. All right. All right. Hi. Hi. All right. Now we're moving to the... I'm on. Okay. So we have nobody here tonight. There are four tonight. So we need a motion to close. Uh-oh. Okay. It's so much fresher. I'd like to make a motion to close a public meeting on the hearing on supplement 46 of the Colchester Development Regulations. Here. Second. Second. All right. All right. Hi. Hi. Hi. Thank you. Mission discussion and potential action for proposed amendments to the Colchester Development Regulations Supplement 36. Our discussion basically is to send it to you in a sweat pool. Are you ready if you want to make any changes? You don't have to read all the way through again. I know. I know. I know. I know. I know. I knew that plan would get me far. All right. So that was pretty straightforward. We need another motion. Do I need another motion? A motion to submit it to the Select Board. Am I reading that out completely? Yeah. A motion to submit this Supplemental 46 to the Colchester Development Regulations Select Board. Second. Second. Second. All right. Volunteer. Hi. Hi. Mission Passes. And so it goes on to the Select Board. So I probably can't read the email. So I will follow up with you on a date for that. Okay. So look to your emails ahead of your next meeting. I'll at least have a date for you. That is great. Probably be a public hearing in March. But the Select Board receives that and then does a warning of that. So do we need that emotion to move it to the Select Board? That's what you just did. Oh, I'm sorry. So we'll deliver it to them. Gotcha. That's required as part of the statute. They will receive that. That's actually a formal action to receive it. And then they will do their own warning in their paper of record. And hold a separate public hearing. Probably at a March date. As is typical in NGC and the memo, it's typically good to have one or two commission members there to sort of answer any questions, especially, you know, sort of how to arrive and meet the policy decisions. So keep that date in mind. I'll follow up with you ahead of March to see what will be available and ahead of whatever that February date will be. So that's voting, right? That's the date the town votes, right? I think they vote on our meeting. No. March 5th, right? March 5th. So that's our regular meeting. Right. So we can talk about that if you'd like, whether or not you want to have a meeting. OK. But the Select Board meeting for receipt of this would either be as soon as next week, probably not likely, or March 12th, which is a week after your meeting. OK. So that's the opposite Tuesdays. So that is more likely, or February 13th. I'm sorry. February 13th is more likely the date which the Select Board would receive it. We'd have a conversation about it, talk through it, more in a public hearing, and then their public hearing unless a lot of people show up or there's outstanding work that they've asked you to work on can be a formality as well. I'm sorry. I'm confusing things here. That's OK. There's a lot of dates. That's why I try to write them all out. Thank you. It's a lot of process. But do keep an eye on your email, because there will be more interim emails than usual as far as schedule on those. OK. Comments, questions from the public? Not related to the agenda? We'll settle that one. So now we have a presentation from Rene Marshall, our deputy county manager. Great. Thank you. Happy to be here this evening. All right. Good on slideshow. Sorry. That's my glasses. All right. So this is just an update on our renewable energy efforts. This update was provided to the Select Board in December, their December meeting. So the purpose of this presentation is to update the planning commission and their role as the energy committee and to highlight some of our more significant town energy conservation efforts and also highlight the town's progress on our more major renewable energy projects from the past year. So the Heritage Project identifies the community goal to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions by improving building efficiency, exploring and incorporating alternative energy sources and supporting energy conservation and resource reuse and recycling. Some of the projects that have been completed over the years include the town's LED street lighting project in 2013 and that project cut street light bills in half, which has saved 1.3 million over a 20-year period. In 2015, the Select Board voted to provide Champlain Housing Trust with 43,000 in federal funding for LED street lights at their 166 unit Winchester Place Apartments. And that reduced their annual street light bills from 12,000 to 6,000, so again, cutting them in half. Also in 2015, the Colchester Police Department looked at their 16 vehicle fleet and they reassessed ways of incorporating more fuel-efficient vehicles. So that included eight smaller SUVs, six sedans and a pickup and a motorcycle. This achieved lowering capital costs by approximately $150,000 over a 15-year period. It increased the mileage per gallon by 6% by using the smaller SUVs instead of those larger ones. It increased the mileage per gallon by 16% by replacing the larger SUVs with sedans. This reduced the fuel costs by about 6%, or 5,300 per year after those larger SUVs were phased out. In 2021, we've seen our electric vehicle, the town purchase, Nissan Leaf, that's used by the Planning and Zoning Department. This was used for a total of $17,897, which if it was bought new, it would have been approximately $27,000. By purchasing the used electric vehicle, it allowed the town to take advantage of the $7,500 in federal tax credits and the state tax credit of at least $2,500. So we replaced the costlier SUV that was previously utilized, both in energy use and maintenance costs. Other projects that have been completed over the years included our two solar farms off of Roosevelt Highway and Pumpkin Patch. The Roosevelt Highway solar farm has 44,789 in net metering credits per year. Production is equal to 29% of the town's electric energy consumption. Savings after the capital and expenses are just over a half a million dollars. The Pumpkin Patch solar farm has $44,462 in net metering credits per year. Its production is equal to 30% of the town's electric energy consumption and it has a savings after those capital expenses of $455,649. As we've provided in updates in the past, we've been working on that third solar farm. I think we're third times a charm, hopefully. So we attempted to secure, most recently, we attempted to secure a third 150 kilowatt solar farm on an unused town-owned parcel off of Mercier Drive, but eventually we found it was determined to be too wet for the installation of a solar farm. So we looked at our other town-owned properties and we identified another site. It's an 8.4 acre parcel located off of Route 15 and it's on town-owned land that's shared with the 40th and Allen Cemetery. So we are currently in contract with Aegis Renewable for the project in order to complete the permitting. So we have funding of just over 378,000 that was included in our FY24 capital budget plan and we will receive 30% grant of a direct grant in federal of approximately 170,000. So this third solar farm will meet the town's long-standing goal of producing 100% of the electric energy consumed in the provision of municipal services. However, since that goal, we've grown and we have more electric usage with the Mallard Space Sewer Project, the Rec Center and Fire Departments. So the goal is now larger. The third solar farm, this is the location of it. This was what we permitted through the process and you'll see the landscaping that was included in the permit. We looked at that and after receiving some feedback thought we could do a better job with the landscaping and so we utilized the services of our local landscape architect that's done a lot of work in the town parks and this is the revised plan and you'll see there's a lot of variety of different plants and trees that are utilized in this plan and it'll have a lot nicer aesthetic, you know, visual aesthetic. We're very proud of the solar farms and the solar work and so we want them to also look equally pleasing. In addition, we have energy efficient lighting that we entered into a contract for just under $100,000 for upgrades to energy efficient lighting that was funded with $68,828 in energy efficiency rebates and $29,000 in the capital budget plan. So we saved the town almost $70,000 by using these rebates. We implement these changes sooner than planned and it allowed us to expand the project to include more town buildings in areas that were previously planned. It reduces the electricity consumption and it eases the transition to comply with the state restriction on the tube-based light bulbs containing mercury that will be phased out in 2024. In front of the town offices we now have a public EV charger. It's a level 2 EV charger. It was installed this past summer. The charger has a credit card payment system for public use and at a charging rate of 7 kilowatt hours an EV will gain approximately 20 to 25 miles of range per hour. The total cost of the project was just over $14,000 which was partially funded by a rebate of $1,500 from Green Mountain Power. A level 2 charger was chosen as it can be convenient for partial charges for residents who are stopping by the town offices and a level 3 charger which would charge quicker but would cost up to $80,000. Solar at the Colchester Recreation Center. So we've talked about different components that were included in the design of the voter-approved recreation center and after approval by the town attorney and solar engineer the town executed a contract again with AGIS renewable energy for just over $1.1 million for these solar portions. The town can be expected to be reimbursed by that same federal grant of approximately just under $400,000 and this will allow us to meet that goal of generating our own electricity equal to all municipal services needs even after the fire department some out space sewer and the rec center. So there is the solar at the parking canopy which you can see right there the bottom left hand there's a little closer view of it and then there's also rooftop solar on top of the rec center and that is it. Any questions? What we did for the rec center will get us to 100% current. Currently with what we have now. It gets reevaluated if there's new things that happen over time we'll be adjusting that and we're always trying to think ahead and look ahead because we know things will be changing in the future. Is there any new projects that people are thinking about but have not been able to implement? As far as... Seeding for electrical. As far as solar type? Yeah, solar or anything like that. Yeah, we're continuing to evaluate other town owned property for looking at other potential solar projects. Yeah. Can I ask a question? Hi, I'm wondering are you having any conversations about replacing boilers with like electric heat pumps I mean when a boiler is no longer be able to be used in terms of the replacement of kind of the thermal and of it. Yeah, and I think one of the slides it talked about in 2015 when we had an energy audit done there were projects that were identified so we've been working our way through those projects and some of those include updating as we replace boilers and things so they'll be continually looking at energy efficiency changes in technology as time goes on so we're keeping an eye towards the future on that as well. Great, thank you. You're welcome. You're welcome, thank you. Number 7. Information items and staff updates. Of course we'd like to welcome our audience. Welcome. Thank you. We're going to do us a full board. Small business then. 10 years so in Colchester since roughly 2006. Right in the Bay Area basically so yeah. So these are quick updates. I just want to keep you guys updated. Everything going on with the department so we talked about earlier a couple months ago applying for some grants. Unfortunately they were very competitive and we were not chosen. I did look at those who were and it seemed like less than previous years so it was indeed a very competitive grant cycle and I think when these grants are given out there's often an inclination I think to especially help communities that don't have staff and you know some of the funding that the assistance that larger towns do so when you do read the list sometimes you see towns that you don't even know we're in Vermont and you have to look them up. So they're doing great things out there. So the farm based grant you actually watch and see if you apply for that. So there's a variety of other so it's not just for that type of project some of them are yeah well they had similar type bylaw amendments you know everything from we want to figure out how to you know just update our next town plan to sometimes they're very simple a lot of affordability updates sometimes they're very specific things you know such as we want to update our flood regulations sometimes it's how do we add more mixed uses in our village in some of the small towns that really that's their downtown you know it's a small village but you know if you look at the list of communities that did receive these grants they tend to be communities that don't really have any sort of staff in some cases not much in the way of municipal government at all so those grants I think will really help those communities so a little push done kind of work we can do with our staff resources and we'll probably at your next meeting chat through the 20-24 priorities and see how those shake out it doesn't mean you know these were grants for things that we were going to do anyway I talked about so we'll continue on we just they'll go a little slower but we'll work through them we have the staff knowledge just not necessarily the same amount of time that's always what they're looking for there's a bill going through the state house and I went to a meeting the other day for the rural caucus and there's a real push now to get rid of designations like village and town you know just get it so you know I asked if that would open up like better places grants and other grants and it will yeah do you know that number Billy? I always just have I don't know you know I have there's a lot of bills to keep track of so that's a it's an unfortunate update but I think we'll just be slower but we'll get there I know that town health officer role so many hats that we wear in our office one of them is that we are people in our officer in the town health officer roles Seth Lasker for a long time was our town health officer he still is entitled I am the deputy town health officer a lot of that work you've kept up with our department monthly reports involves doing a lot of the rental inspections throughout the town somebody calls comments about their living conditions we have to go out there we have to perform a full rental inspection every time that we do it's very time consuming it's valuable for the people who live there but it is very time consuming the legislature two years ago directed the state Division of Fire Safety to take that on but there's been a transition period they finally worked out the process for doing that in effective December 31st of 2023 the rental the state rental housing inspection program has been taken over by Division of Fire Safety so now when anyone calls our office and says I don't have heat I have mold anything that's related or I'm going to call water my door phone closed my front steps are dangerous something that would fall into that category I don't have any fire smoke detectors it is now the the state that they make those plates too and they will do the investigation on that we may be involved a little bit but that's a major update for us hopefully it will free a little bit of time because it does it definitely does take some resources from our department we still have the health officer role when it comes to some of the other pieces especially anything that's a public health hazard usually that falls in terms of surfacing wastewater effluent that's not as common but it does happen but outside of the rental issue public health hazard made your trash but that's a very small component of what makes that up so and that's very good for us I just want to share that update with you because we're kind of excited about it and also now renters will be getting people presumably who are better trained you know in being able to help them I can test out water I can look at mold but I'm definitely not somebody who's trained as well as others so what do I think for a lot of people so when you got a complaint or you went out to do that before were you able to actually effectuate some sort of change? Yeah so our role is largely we expect any renter complaint to have already communicated with their landlord that's their job to do that first if they're not getting resolution then they call us so what we do is we talk to the landlord and we encourage them and require them in many cases to do the things that they need to do if there's mold then they have to treat it if the hot water's not working then they immediately have to figure out the source of that and get that fixed if there's no heat then they have to get that fixed so mostly it's communicating with the landlord to do those things so that's why it's part of the rental inspection if you're living in your own home and you don't have heat there's nothing I can do to help you but so yeah we've seen some cases stay open a little bit longer especially where they do need and historically have needed the state to be involved electrical wires especially for large multi-family dwellings where there's 8, 10, 20 units and we're talking about something we're very much not qualified and that is a much bigger fix but largely what we get is mold issues heat issues that they just need to call a contractor for a couple days and it's pretty rewarding to get it resolved so will the division of fire and safety they will now be the ones that can implement and follow up so you don't have to do any of the follow up on any of that ideally I mean it's only been going for 2 weeks I haven't heard that there's been any hiccups they only have more people doing in the entire state so I don't know I'm optimistic that it will work out but you know there will be some hiccups our poultry store is part of the northwest area that's everything from swatting all the way down and mostly it's a pretty big geographic area that one person has to cover they may still reach out to us if somebody does call and say hey the smoke detectors aren't working if they need somebody to do an onsite rental inspection quickly just to say can you confirm but it smells like some sort of battery so we might help them with that but we're not doing a full top to bottom inspection report like we did before so it's good news so yeah that's an update it's a big update for our department I put on here the December planning and zoning report and I remembered that we had that done so early in December you've already seen it we have a new one for you commercial is the same anyways probably yeah and sometimes it gets a little misleading because of what constitutes a commercial nothing yet but we've been hearing some rumblings so stay tuned you may see something this is the theme of optimism alright so now we get to the planning needs yeah so your next regular meeting is that February 6th as Sarita pointed out it is town meeting day it's Tuesday March that's February and March March is town meeting day so your next meeting is February 6th you think you discussed it the last meeting on target it's a good meeting I think to talk about your setting your priorities for FY24 setting your work plan telling us what to do especially now that we know we won't have any you know sort of outside assistance so I think that will be in the book of that meeting is that the March 5th meeting February 6th February 6th we would like to make the March 5th and I'd love to be here for that meeting February 6th February 6th I think that looks very hard for anyone that it doesn't and there are five Tuesdays in January so it's not two weeks from now it's three weeks from now and then of course we can have it's always ideal we can have one, probably two people attend the planning commission or the sub board meeting and talk about peace I think we'll definitely probably need somebody for the public hearing I believe Rich is not going to be able to attend that'll be that March 12th date I probably could do that can you do that? and I'll follow up with Rebecca to see our availability as well this is an ice storm you know if there's a really bad blizzard if I am not going to make it then everything is okay, that's good just get March 5th just get March 5th and then the second March meeting just get March entirely or March get March 12th so March 12th would be the select board public hearing and then the 19th we'll talk in February? yes so everyone hold that March 19th and we'll reevaluate February got my orders there so we move on minutes of December 6th I move to accept the minutes of December 6th December 6th December 6th I second that motion I I I move to adjourn our planning board meeting second I I I I I I I I I I I I


The NEA Foundation and AT&T have partnered with Project Eats, a program of the active citizen project in New York City, which builds farms near school grounds, enabling students and the community they live in to work with experienced farmers to grow, package, and market their products as they acquire knowledge and skills.  Basically you could say it came from the bottom and now we're here. I just got hooked. I'm getting to like be more independent. It was just a new experience, it was fun. There are so many neighborhoods across this country that don't have access to fresh food. There's land in these neighborhoods, even if they're on concrete, and that we could create farms. We could start to grow our own food in our own neighborhoods. In Project Eats, we operate with this satellite farming model where we have lots of parcels that together can create these hubs of production. It was a completely empty lot full of trash, big old trash cans, and we turned it into something that was actually useful and helpful. The fact that we can actually bring a community in together over food, and we could teach them as well, so it's basically a whole bunch of good news. In addition to urban farming, Project Eats also does outreach programs in the schools to teach students the importance of sustainability. This also gives the program more exposure, therefore, more students become interested and involved. Our first school-wide project this spring, which I'm extremely happy about, was Human Energy Hubs. And basically what those are, are stationary bikes that are attached to generators that as someone pedals those bikes, they're generating power that goes into the generators that then can power directly equipment or a tool, and in the case of the schools, we had it powering a blender so students were making smoothies. And also, that energy can go straight into batteries that can then be used to power tools and equipment on the farm. One of the great things about farming as an educational tool is that you really do cross a number of disciplines and areas of life. So not only are you growing food, not only are you learning the science technology and the nature of growing food and how it affects the environment. So all of that is encompassed in farming. You also have to sell the food to be able to buy seeds for next year. Another great learning experience are the student-operated farmers markets. Students must harvest what they have grown, set up the displays for sale, and sell the products. The markets also allow the students to bond with their neighbors, building stronger communities. Today we have our farmers market and we are selling our organic locally grown produce to the community and we're giving back to them and they come and they help support us by buying all these wonderful vegetables. First we go to our site on Amboy and we harvest our vegetables and then we come here and we wash everything, prep everything, bundle everything, set it up nice and presentable for the customers. What made me interested is the fact that when I get older and I live by myself I want to grow my own food instead of going to the supermarket. My favorite part is harvesting. It's nice to see after all your hard work and after taking so much time watering and weeding you actually get to see baby plants grow into like full adults and then you harvest them and you can actually give it to people and sell it at market and it's just nice. It feels like rewarding. It's what's been amazing is the way that students naturally work together on everything we do. They're saying it's important that you work together. You don't have to say that. Students get so engaged in the work that they're doing and invested and feel responsible for it which is so key that they help each other.


I have kind of some housekeeping to do. The first thing I want to mention is just a disclaimer about this presentation. It will make more sense as I go into the presentation. It gets a little bit meta. But it's all built with HTML, and it's all built using fonts that are in development. The font that's shown here is a font that I've been working on. It's a revival of Stevenson Blake grotesque number five. Also, the font that you saw at the beginning here, it's called Chi from James Edmondson, who's in the audience. It's a variable font. As you can see, it's slowly squishing around. We'll talk more about that later. But because of all these moving parts, and also because we had a last minute technical issue here, and I just switched to Frank's computer at the last minute, thank you, Frank, for that help. If something breaks, maybe give me a little bit of leniency here, because I'm juggling a lot of technical issues. Also, before I start, I'd like to do just kind of a quick survey to get an understanding. I know all the type of Cooper students, and that's mostly who this talk was arranged for. But I'm curious about the other people in the audience in your experience with design. I'd like to see a show of hands of anyone who has designed a website before. OK, that is very encouraging. Now, I'd also like to see a show of hands of anyone who has designed a typeface before. Not as many people, but still a good amount. And finally, I'd be curious to see how many people have used a typeface before that wasn't completely finished, but they used it in a public project. Even fewer people. That's about how I expected it to go. These questions will become a little more apparent why I'm asking them as I move along here. But to get back to the top, get hand. This photo I made at the Hamilton Wood Type Museum, as Frank mentioned in his introduction, I've been involved with the Wood Type Museum. And it's kind of a counterbalance to a lot of the web design and more high technology things that I do. I am very much interested in what the most recent current technology is, but I'm also very interested in historical type information, including machines. Actually, this is a good moment to mention the American Typecasting Fellowship Conference, which is going to be in San Francisco in August. I don't even know if they have a web page for this, but this is kind of an example of things that I'm interested in. It's a group of mostly old people who are into old type manufacturing equipment, typecasting equipment. And so this is kind of all of these interests of mine inform each other. And that is what brought me ultimately to this topic and the ideas that I'll be sharing today. So of course, everyone here knows about Gutenberg, his famous 42-line Bible, which was not the first printed thing that ever existed, not even the first from him. And even though many people, this is kind of the one thing most people associate with Gutenberg and with the beginning of printing, the first thing that we know of that was printed and distributed was actually just a single sheet piece of paper. It wasn't a large book.  And they were designed like the Bible and like many printed books at the beginning of when printing and typography started to become an actual thing. These things were meant to last a long time. And they did. And that's why we know about them. And that's great. However, there's this whole other side of printing and typography that doesn't get quite as much attention. There are some niche groups that are interested in this concept, but there's this idea of job printing. And actually, I'd be curious how many of you have heard this term job printing before? Even fewer than people who have used new fonts in public projects. That's about also what I expected. So it proves my point a little bit. The idea of job printing is basically odd jobs that had to be printed. Things that mostly were ephemeral, small handbills, posters, wedding announcements, things like that. Here's a great handbill that's advertising job printing. It's a piece of job printing that's advertising the service of job printing, which I like. But the other thing that I like about this is this weird six down here. This isn't necessarily a font that was unfinished or rarely used or anything like that. But it helps to kind of ease into this idea, which I'll be returning to multiple times tonight, that a lot of the weirder things that you see in printing history tend to happen with things that weren't designed to last or to be used for a long time. They were meant to be ephemeral or thrown away after you used them. And a lot of this came about around the time of the Industrial Revolution. There was job printing before the Industrial Revolution. But that really is what kicked it into high gear. The birth of advertising and of commercial design and commercial art really exploded in the 1800s, especially the early 1800s to the mid 1800s, and continued to grow up until 1900 and beyond. And as there was more demand for commercial printing, there were more people that were looking for ways to outdo their competitors.  So not surprisingly, you start seeing very heavy typefaces, very ornamental typefaces, typefaces with weird effects and shades. And this is not typically the kind of typography you would see used in a book or in some kind of design work that was meant to last for more than a month or a year or so. If anything, you might see it in the title page of a book. But other than that, most typography was much more subdued. And there's an interesting kind of relationship between typography and entertainment, because especially for things like circuses, like these are showing circus bills, a circus is already a little bit absurd and showy and ostentatious. And when you put it in the environment where there's so much competition for visual attention, things start getting really out of hand. And as you can see here, they did not hold back in using interesting, weird, and different typefaces. And I think of all the kind of things I could even have shown, this is a little bit more on the subdued side. But also, there's some competition at the time in the 1800s with chromolithography. Chromolithography, which I think was patented in 1837, really put the fire under the butts of the people who were printing using premade fonts, because chromolithography allowed you to do things, work on curves, and bend your letters, and colorize things, and shade things in ways that were very hard or impossible to do with a premade font that was cast in metal or cut from wood. And so as the 18th century moved on, you kind of see this interesting relationship as things got more and more showy and more and more examples existed for sign painters to make their signs and their advertising even more crazy and elaborate and colorful. The type founders and the type manufacturers had to keep up with that if they wanted to keep printing and maintain that kind of attention. So this is an example actually of a sign painter's alphabet. It looks like a typeface. It could theoretically be a typeface, but this is pretty typical of something you'd see, especially in France, of either sign painting or chromolithography that takes advantage of multiple colors in a way that was very hard to do with a printed type. But then, of course, came the idea of bringing multiple colors into type. So this is an example, a pretty early example, of chromatic wood type. As you'll probably notice, most of the stuff that I'm showing today gets just more and more bonkers as you go, and that's kind of what I like about it. It's a little bit a theater of the absurd and this competition between typography and lettering and really fueled that absurdity. So this is actually two pages from one of my favorite books or my favorite book. It's specimens of chromatic wood type. It's a very large book, and it's showing it up on a screen, even now projected whatever, eight feet tall, still doesn't do it of the service. If you ever have a chance to have a look at this book, it's really kind of, I think, the pinnacle of this idea of introducing multiple colors and overprinting into typography. By the end of the 1800s, things had just gone completely crazy. Especially in the realm of metal type, many of the foundries had pages that were just filled with stuff like this that was like, I feel like some of these things you had to be on drugs to come up with. And I think by the time things kind of reached that crescendo of just insanity and decoration, that's when modernism started to kind of push back against that. And throughout the 19th century, you see things start to tone down a lot more, at least until the second half of the 19th, or 20th century, sorry. For the sake of time, I skipped over some topics that are also related to the relationship between printing and the demands of the market and the creation of new typefaces. For example, in newspaper printing, many new typefaces were developed specifically for those purposes. But I wanted to kind of skip ahead to phototype setting and the second half of the 20th century, because I feel like there were a lot of things happening that mirrored what happened in the 1800s. Most of what I think really fueled the whole style of the 1960s and 1970s and what people think of as funky design or psychedelic design, at least in terms of printing, maybe not necessarily lettering, is the fact that phototype setting, which had previously been not very practical to do, all of a sudden, around the 60s became very easy to do. If you could develop a strip of film that had your alphabet on it, there were many machines that could be used to typeset words with those letters. And this comes back to the idea of using typefaces that aren't necessarily complete. There were many typefaces that existed that weren't even a full character set. They probably didn't have a whole, maybe not even an uppercase or not a lowercase, but still it was very practical for people to make them and to use them. And there was a, compared to something where if you're casting metal type, you have to, you have this whole industrial process, it's a lot easier to expose a strip of film to use for your type setting. And this resulted in all kinds of crazy things. This is a pretty typical example of stuff that came out of the 70s, which interestingly has a lot in common with things that came out in the 1800s. And this was all very easy to do. If Playgirl wanted to have a custom typeface that wasn't using a photo type setting, it would have cost them a lot more money and maybe it wouldn't have happened. They would have had to use a typeface that existed off the shelf. And so again and again in the 70s you see these kinds of things happening. I've just put this in because I think it's really funny and cool, this is Seymour Klost. And this was published in the Pushpin graphic, which was a publication that his studio released. It wasn't really used in the publication, but just the fact that they could publish and the means of production throughout the 20th century, just continued to get easier and more accessible and more accessible to the point where it's very easy just to publish a kind of one-off magazine and not spend a fortune on it. And a lot of these typefaces that were being created for custom jobs, either for magazines or just for fun projects, there were also a lot of type design competitions. If they caught on and it seemed like people like them, a lot of times they would make it into the catalogs of larger type or lettering companies offerings. So these are a lot of examples that I included this one in particular because it was related I think to the typeface I used on my intro slide. But it's just this kind of stuff I don't think if it required a whole industrial mechanism to do this beyond photographic reproduction, a lot of these styles I don't think would have existed, especially because some of these styles themselves are just photographic manipulations of an existing style. So I think this obese condensed, obese expanded is just obese condensed, but it's been photographically stretched and skewed to look kind of goopier and weirder. And if you ever get a chance to go through a photo lettering catalog, I highly recommend it because it's just, this is only the tip of the craziness iceberg. Skipping ahead a little bit again to another era where the means of production and especially type reduction really became even easier than they were with photo type setting is desktop publishing. And now probably where there's at least some people in the room that remember the beginning of the desktop publishing revolution, but in the 80s when desktop computers became more accessible and people could start laying out their own magazines and things like that, it was very empowering but it also I think spurred a lot of creativity in people who were interested in typography, even if they weren't necessarily professional typographers. And of course the establishment typographers probably held their nose at some of this stuff, but a great example I think is Emigre. I believe Rudy and Susanna are in the room. I did not know they'd be here, so I'm a little embarrassed to be talking about their work while they're sitting here, but Emigre I think is a really great example of a situation where because the means of production are became easier and maybe you can correct me after the talk if I'm interpreting it wrong, it allowed them to do a lot of things that they wouldn't necessarily be able to do as easily if they were relying on a production house or someone else who is doing layouts and mechanicals and things like that. The really cool thing about Emigre was it was a real magazine with real articles, but it also beyond just kind of stylistically pushing what was possible with editorial design, it also pushed new typefaces that were just coming out or were in development and it seems like they fed off each other, that the magazine required new typefaces and when you make new typefaces, of course you wanna use them in a new place and I think it is a really great example of that, whether or not you like the style is a matter of taste, but you can't ignore the fact that it was a means of encouraging new typeface development which I enjoy. Once the web came around, then things started getting a little bit weirder because in some ways things were easier than they had ever been. You could publish an article on the web with the push of a button, but the control you have over the layout and the design is much more limited. It's also limited with desktop publishing and even with photo type setting, but the web is kind of an extreme and especially it was at the inception in the 90s. So for a very long time on the web, most of the type that you would see was just system default fonts, things like times and aerial and things like that. It wasn't possible to reliably use fonts in a website and expect that the person on the other side was gonna see what you intended unless you converted the type into an image or something that was no longer what I would even really consider type. It was an image. And so, yes, this is kind of a classic example that I've seen shown many times before about how Amazon used to look and this is pretty representative of how most of the web looked. If you could only change the size of things and this maybe even have been before you could change colors of things, things look very great. This is no longer the cool layouts of emigrate, it's no longer the funky stuff you see from photo type setting and it definitely is not the really cool, weird, interesting stuff from the 1800s. People started jumping on this idea of making images though and it started to create an interesting kind of disconnect. Anything that was real text like down here that could be translated or copy pasted or searched still was stuck with these default system fonts but then maybe because people were stuck in that mode for normal text, when they had the opportunity to put text into an image, they kind of went all out and put drop shadows and put things on curves and put like big starbursts and things like this and it has the same kind of spirit, I think fundamentally as a lot of the stuff that was happening in the 1800s but at the same time it was not a good thing for the web necessarily. Technically it was limiting and as I'll talk in a few more slides it definitely limited what you can do with the flexibility of text. This is a page from geocities.com. Actually how about a show hands who had a geocities web page here? Wow, that's actually pretty good. So if you're not familiar with geocities, I think of geocities almost as an interesting peak in the overall creativity on the web. It definitely was not a pinnacle of design taste on the web but what it was is it allowed anyone, myself included, to make a web page if they could figure out some of the code and grab some images and put together their content without being forced into some existing template system. They're limited in the code they could use and what was possible with HTML and this probably was even before CSS but people were making their own things and they were starting from scratch and they were copy pasting from other people's code and it was I think a very creative time in the web. So I look back on those times with Faunus. The interesting thing now is that there are very few platforms like this that exist where any user can kind of free form design what they want without getting into having a paid subscription or knowing a little bit more advanced technology. This is MySpace.com probably circa 1998 if I had to guess. I don't actually know if this is legitimately a MySpace. It looks like a MySpace page but MySpace was another interesting kind of platform because much like Facebook now it was a social network and it's where a lot of people met many of their friends and kept in touch with their friends but it was not limiting, definitely not as limiting as things like Facebook are now. Probably there's a good argument that letting people do whatever they want with their Facebook page didn't lead to the best user experience for the people who were trying to read those pages but again it was an example of people once they had a platform and they could kind of manipulate things they started to get very creative even if it wasn't well informed or tasteful by standard definitions. So as all this creativity is starting to well up in the web the standards for what you can do on the web are also adapting and it starts to look like things are gonna be really cool. This idea of responsive design starts to come around and people think about websites not as fixed static things but as things that can adapt to different contexts to different sizes of screens, to different user settings. Also not too long after that around 2008 you started to finally be able to use web fonts on a page reliably that weren't installed on the person who's viewing your website's computer. So this is a very good recipe I think for a lot of creativity to happen and indeed there were many examples in the around 2005 to 2010 that I remember at the time thinking okay now this is not only are we gonna be able to do things that have as much finesse as print but they are more complex so you can do more interactive things more dynamic stylization. This is an example of a page I believe this one was designed by Jason Santa Maria and it's from a series of pages that were called the Lost World Fair and when this first came out looking at this most people thought okay that's just a Photoshop image that they put on a web page but it's actually live text and let's see I'm risking something here by trying this but it stretches around and it does more than just sit statically on the page. Let's go back to full screen mode here or not. This is where my presentation starts to break down. All right sorry I'm gonna have to scroll back to where it was. Right around the same time was a moment where the people who were previously making their web presence on platforms like GeoCities started to move first to Facebook where all the friends were and then to other larger and more centralized places. I don't wanna sound like I don't like that concept. Many of these platforms made it very easy for people to keep in touch in ways they couldn't before to publish content in ways they couldn't before but there were some side effects to that that I don't necessarily think of as being good. So this is Facebook. I'm guessing there's at least a couple people here that work at Facebook or have worked at Facebook. It seems like when you're in the Bay Area that's always the case. There are many things that I really like about Facebook. Keeping in touch with many of my relatives would be almost impossible if it wasn't for Facebook. However it's very much a templated system that's by definition what it is. There are small areas where users can insert their own creativity or upload images but then it starts almost reverting back to the situation before web fonts and things like that where people are just relying on images to get across any text that doesn't fall within the template system of Facebook. So this is actually a page from a group called the Sign Painting Support Group which I mean to be completely honest with you I don't use Facebook that much. A lot of times when I do I read through the Sign Painting Support Group and there's a lot of interesting information there. Sometimes it gets a little heated. There's some drama but there's a lot of good content there and it's all stuck in this container of Facebook. The pro of that is that probably more people are seeing it than they might otherwise but on the other side if you don't use Facebook you can't see it. I don't believe, well I don't know what the settings are now but there are many situations where information has been kind of locked within these systems that you have to participate in to be able to access. You could argue that just using the web is kind of like that but especially more recently the ability to get online has been easier and easier at least in the US. Medium is another great example of something that I think the reading experience on Medium can be very great. There definitely is no shortage of interesting content on Medium but unless you're uploading images you're still restricted to what they will allow you to do unlike GeoCities where you could almost do whatever and I'm not necessarily even saying that I think Medium would be better if it was more like GeoCities but I just wanna point out that it's this pre-existing structure that you're confined to if you're using that as your publication. Sometimes that's worth a trade off. If you don't wanna set up a page it's a lot easier to just sign up for Medium account and start typing and publish something very quickly. So I'm not trying to like talk trash about these things I'm just trying to point out that at this one moment where all of this creativity started swelling up it seemed like it was then funneling into these templated systems. Squarespace is another example maybe there are some Squarespace employees here I don't know. Squarespace again I think a lot of the things they do are great for empowering people to make websites who would have no way of doing that otherwise or would not be able to do it with as much kind of style but again even if you're modifying your own code with Squarespace you're still stuck within kind of the constraints of their system and especially if you're working from an existing template which seems to happen very often then you're inheriting code that maybe you don't even understand what it does but it influences the overall design of the webpage. Some examples of things that I think about when I think of this creativity right around the time when responsive design and web fonts were starting to come out that didn't get funneled into a template system there are much fewer examples I can think of and most of them exist as extensions of a web publication and sometimes they may even be an extension of a template system from that web publication but a lot of times they get more flexibility and kind of more room for having customized design. ProPublica is a great example of an organization where a lot of their content is within their template system I think their template system is well designed but occasionally they will also publish future articles that are completely free of that the typography is free to do whatever it wants and at the risk of again having to break something here I'm gonna try to go to this other screen to show kind of how some of this stuff works. So this isn't a particularly like avant-garde layout but what is interesting about it I think especially is the title treatment when it's just a static thing it looks nicely composed but the fact that it's not just an image that it's a responsive text that can reconfigure itself depending on the size of the screen and the relationship to the illustration I think is this is the kinds of things that I was excited about when responsive designs started coming out this is a very simple example of that but this is the kind of thing that starts changing your mind from type being a fixed static thing that's stamped down to something that can adjust its surroundings as needed. This is another really great example that I like this is from New York Times Magazine and maybe let's try reloading here so we get the full animation. This is a feature they did on skyscrapers in New York City and again the straight text matter is pretty straightforward but they have these interesting animations that are working only because they decided to break out of their typical handling of headlines and again it's like those things only show up a couple times but when they do it's a really interesting kind of design moment and it speaks to this idea of having the editorial content be customized specifically for the or sorry have the design be customized for the editorial content. To full screen you, cross your fingers. All right that worked. So the interesting thing about those examples and most examples I've seen that are interesting art directed feature design pieces that exist at least partially outside of a templated system is that still a lot of times the fonts that they're using are fonts that they're just coming off the shelf. This is partially just due to the way that web fonts work. If you wanna get a web font, a lot of times you're going through some kind of service where they have a catalog and all the fonts have been checked out and they've been verified by that service. This is good for people who don't wanna have to worry about if the font's gonna crash their page or something like that but for people who are doing more experimental things it is a little more limiting. Also just from a design standpoint it means that the fonts that you have access to are only fonts that people have considered worthy of completing. It's very hard to find a font service especially a web font service where you can use a font that isn't completely finished yet or that is in development. Of course you can always work with a type foundry who is making the font for you and have a back and forth relationship and I actually really enjoy when those kinds of things happens. New York Times Magazine did stuff like that but usually to do that you have to first know that you can do that and also have a budget to be able to do that. However more recently I'm happy to say there are more options outside of the realm of fonts that have been kind of blessed to be taken all the way through to completion. This one, I was a little reluctant to mention it because it not much happened with it after it was launched. This was from 2015 when Adobe released its Adobe type concepts program which I really like in theory and it was one of the first kinds of concepts like this to come out especially from a large company. The whole idea is basically that they would release typefaces in an early stage with a limited character set so that people could kind of see whether or not they even are worth completing. Unfortunately as far as I know only two fonts were released under this program. I don't know if they have plans to continue with them or not but they definitely have some design talent that I would be interested to see more kind of one off ideas that aren't even before they've been blessed to have a full production run. 2016, about a year later there was this project by the Pipe Foundry. I don't know if you've heard of this. The idea of the Pipe Foundry was that every week in 2016 they would release a new typeface and these were all or most of them maybe all of them were just one off fonts. They had usually limited character sets many of them were all caps but you can see that they're definitely taking some clues from the 19th century both in the idea of making typefaces that almost look like they're coming from the 19th century. They're definitely inspired by the 19th century but also they're bonkers in the way that a lot of the typefaces from the 19th century are and they're being released. I don't wanna say it's an informal release process but the fact that it's happening every week means that there isn't as much weight over time every single release. If they release something and the font had a bug in it I don't think anyone would expect that a font that's being released every week especially because these were available for free download at the time. It's hard to complain about something like that. And I've seen these in use and it's really refreshing because I think a lot of these might not if they were being released through a major type foundry they wouldn't have made it through. Some people may have said these are too weird to spend a lot of money finishing. 2017, the next year, is the font of the month club starting. This is from David Jonathan Ross. He's a good friend of mine, a collaborator but the font of the month club is cool because he releases a font every month and similar to the pipe foundry there is a bit less of a weight on him to do something that is really ground-shatteringly good or something that you're gonna use for the rest of your life. These are essentially display faces. There are a couple of text faces in here but it's basically his playground to do things that he wants to do without feeling this big weight over each release. And actually I think a lot of the things that he's released through this which he may not have released otherwise have become some of my favorite type faces. Most recently, this year, this year? Yes, future fonts. So the font that you saw on my title slide is a future font and the concept of future fonts, actually this is maybe if you're coming to see Lizzie give a talk later on, this is kind of a good intro or if you haven't heard of it before maybe this won't spare you. Lizzie will be coming to talk about future fonts and the general idea is it's a platform for type designers to release unfinished type faces and you can license those unfinished type faces for not that much money and as the type faces are developed as more features are added, as more glyphs are added you get the benefit if you're an early adopter of getting all those updates for free. It's also really cool because there are just a lot of kind of weird things on there. Let's have a quick look through. I would encourage you also just to look at this site on your own but you can see pretty quickly that this is stuff that is not what I would consider a standard type face. There are definitely some useful text faces in here but a lot of them are display faces that can be hard sometimes to justify going through the process of making a full glyph set. So it's a way for type users to get early access to fonts, especially interesting fonts and for type designers it's great because it allows them to weigh a little bit on how much people actually like a font before they spend a ton of time and energy finishing them. So there are now options I would say if you're a graphic designer and you want to start using weirder or more interesting or more brand new type faces there are now more and more options for that. The other thing that I think most graphic designers and certainly most web designers never even consider is that you can just call a type designer or sometimes they tend to be introverts so email might be better but you can contact a type designer and just say that you're interested in having if you have an interesting idea for a type face and an interesting application for it I think a lot of type designers are willing to have a conversation at least about options for developing a new type face even if it's just a limited character set or has limited features. The thing that really gets the most interesting now is when all of this stuff starts coming out this is great, this font doesn't have any kerning and I can see that on my slide. One of the downsides of using unfinished fonts. Not only are there these new interesting type faces that you can use but there are also new technologies in which to use them or in which they can be created. One very good example of this is this concept of a CSS grid. I'm not, this talk isn't about CSS it isn't even really that much about web design but I just wanted to show this example cause I don't know it has a lot of type and it looks cool but CSS grid is a relatively new web standard that allows you to do gridded layouts in a way that was very hard in a responsive way, in a dynamic way and in a way that you can control much better than you previously would if you were using something like tables which a lot of people did in the 90s or if you were kind of doing weird hacks to get things to do what you want them to do. So this is just one example of many new CSS functionalities that are coming out or have come out recently that make the practice of designing a responsive web page even more exciting. The second one, the second example and maybe kind of most close to me is this concept of variable fonts. How many people here have heard of variable fonts? Okay, almost everyone, that's more than I thought. So variable fonts for the several people in here who haven't heard of them, it's what it sounds like and it's what you saw on the screen. There's a new open type specification, new version of the open type specification that allows you to make fonts that instead of being static fixed shapes have the ability to move along an axis of design or multiple axes of design. This is like color font, which is a whole other thing. Look it up if you're interested. Some of these things are pretty standard design axes that you would see in normal typefaces, but they're more fluid. Some of them are a little more extreme than others and allow for a wider range of stylization. And this isn't a brand new idea. There have been ideas similar to this that starting as early as the late 70s through the 90s, there was the true type GX and multiple master formats which never really caught on. But this format, I think compared to those is much more interesting and much more likely to influence the way typography works for several reasons. The first is the people that are involved, Apple, Google, Microsoft, Adobe, a lot of people that make type, a lot of people that make type tools are all involved which is, you couldn't say that about other previous formats that allowed similar functionality that became ultimately obsolete. The other thing that makes this more interesting or a more of a convincing thing that you might wanna do is just the idea of responsive design didn't really exist and for some of the older formats, the web didn't even exist when they came out. And when you're thinking about responsive design and you're thinking about adjusting things fluidly based on context and in a dynamic way based on rules that you set up ahead of time, it allows for the system of a page layout to not stop at the level of the typeface. Previously with a responsive design, the page was very flexible but the typeface itself was just kind of a frozen static thing. Now that flexibility goes all the way down through features of the typeface in ways that they couldn't before. This is a great example of interesting things that you can do when you have a variable typeface that are completely outside the realm of what most typical design axes allow. So this site that I'm showing here is vfonts.com. This is a site that I maintain. It's basically a collection of variable fonts as they come out as I see them. It's kind of a side project of mine but if you're interested in this kind of stuff I would encourage you to go there. There's the added bonus that a lot of the fonts that are on here are available for cheap. Some of them are available for free just for personal testing. Some of them are open source. Some of them are paid commercial typefaces. There's a wide variety of different kinds of licensing options and also just different designs. So if you haven't looked into this technology yet I would encourage you. In the end this is kind of like all this stuff is very, very new. I just did a workshop this weekend for type at Cooper West about making variable fonts with the students there. And I think a couple of days before the workshop started there was some new technology change that I had to adjust for. It's definitely like the, it feels like the Wild West and because of that it kind of leads me now to my conclusion of the thesis of my talk if there is any is the idea that historically when there were situations that you had the opportunity to print something and use a weird typeface or a new typeface it was very easy for people to do that because that was just how things work. Nowadays if you want to make an announcement or publish an article it seems like a lot more work to do it on your own instead of publishing it through an existing template based system. So my call to action for everyone here is that the next time you are going to make a baby announcement or make a flyer for a party or even just announce a party on a social media to think about how you might be able to do it and use it as an excuse to both use new and interesting typefaces and use new and interesting technologies to do it. It doesn't even necessarily need to be a web based technology. It doesn't even necessarily have to be a brand new typeface. There are plenty of old typefaces that are also weird but I just want to encourage you I guess to if you ever have something small to do use it as an excuse to go outside of the comfort zone of the easiest path to doing that thing because I think what you'll find in the process not only will it inform you and your design process but it will probably also just be more cool and more interesting. So that's the end of my talk and thank you for listening to me. Thank you, Nick. We are a bit tired with time so like three questions passed by. Is anybody has a question? Raise your hand. You talked a lot about how these tools and technologies have changed over time. If you could predict what would happen next after variable fonts or like what's the next add-on to that, what would you predict? That's always a tricky thing to do but it's something I like to do and especially as someone who looks back on the history of type and seeing all the changes that happen seeing all the new typecasting machines that were invented or photo type studying see how that changed everything. I like to think, okay like 100 or 200 years from now when they look back on this, what are they gonna say? Like what was the thing that changed it? And I think one possible thing, I'm not gonna put any money on this but one possible thing that could significantly change the concept of typography is the reliance on rectangles. And to kind of explain what I mean is that the Gutenberg system of making type was all about having a glyph that existed inside of a rectangle and that box determined how much space that glyph had and determined how it related to other glyphs. And that concept when we moved to digital type also carried over.  For script systems other than Latin, there are sometimes where that rectangle can be very problematic. For Arabic is a great example. We're trying to shoehorn these concepts of calligraphy in hand rendered text into a rectangle. Sometimes it gets more complicated than it seems like it should. So that's one thing that I can imagine if there's some new type format that isn't based on rectangles but based on other shapes. Maybe you can define the shape that your glyph lives in and somehow that informs other things. So that's one guess. When you were going over geosities and how much expression people had in those mediums and how tools like Squarespace and Facebook right now they exist as a way of connecting people and really letting people have websites that aren't technically advanced and stuff like that. Do you have thoughts or ideas on ways to sort of re-enable that for a wider audience? It's an interesting question because I taught a responsive web design class a couple years ago and I've been teaching it now almost every year and when we were first doing it there were many students in the class who had never written a line of code before and I was trying to think of the easiest way for them to get space on a web server so they could publish the things that they were making in the class. And I thought surely there must be something like geosities that exists where you just get some server space and you can put some stuff on. It was surprisingly hard. I was actually shocked even after like asking on Twitter what people knew about it. I thought for sure everyone's gonna give me one very obvious answer and it wasn't for a while that finally someone clued me into this website that was called Neocities which is basically like a revival of the concept of geocities but it seems to be targeted towards children which I think is cool. It's because of that and makes it very friendly for people who aren't familiar with coding and code editing and things like that but it gives you a lot of the same kind of flexibility. Related to that I think the more we get people thinking about code or even if they're not writing code but thinking in kind of logical ways when they're younger as children I think that would definitely help and I can only imagine now that that's already well underway now that people are growing up with computers from birth. The problems I see the most are the shortcuts. Well I wouldn't say they're necessarily problems but there are a lot of shortcuts that exist that make things easier but they also make it so you're relying more on someone else's decisions and the thing that I like about geocities and now Neocities are just writing your own code is that every decision that's put in the page is something that you're thinking about and it's a decision that you're explicitly making. I don't know if that really answers your question but I think getting kids more involved in coding earlier is a way to kind of help push that along. Cool, thanks. Any other question, last question? No, okay, thank you Nick. Thank you.


While there are many ways to look for a person of interest my methods primarily Revolve around my pen testing skills and my technical expertise So get ready for a roller coaster ride of useful information as I show you the next level of open source intelligence What I won't be talking about today is everything that Oscent consists of all the basics like Google dorking people search websites. There are hundreds of those image metadata analysis all the hundreds or thousands of breached databases Social media accounts. There's an entire field on Oscent just on digging deep into social media There's plenty of government records You can look through especially in the US and I won't be touching on the dark web either a lot of things I won't be touching on But what I will be talking about is some of the skill sets that I bring to this field of Oscent to understand better where these skills skill sets come from It's good to know a little bit about my background. I come from a very hardcore network design background Doing rotting switching a lot of coding I transitioned into an ethical hacker being a pen tester Started doing things a little bit more legally Doing a lot of social engineering whether fishing wishing or in person Today I consult for organizations small and large as a virtual chief information security officer I also Advise on privacy as I do oscent investigations to find people and and to catch the bad guys some of the things that my family members When they don't understand the technical side of this the column on the right is how I explain it to them. I'm the good guy Before I start. I just want to throw this out there that everything we do as oscent professionals Revolves around covering your tracks. So obstacle operational security is absolutely important everything you see on the list here We need to practice without these in place. We can't start our investigations We need to protect ourselves before we Before we inadvertently expose our footprints a Lot of these things for the purposes of today's demo. I may not be using so don't judge me But in the real-life scenario, I will pay special attention to these So enough of slides Let's get started So in order to start an investigation you need some seed info In my case the seed info. Let's look at a hypothetical hypothetical scenario an actual scenario The only information we have is There's a Tesla part in the parking lot of a university Northwestern University Who owns it? That's all the information we have. We don't have a name a phone number anything How do you go about? starting your investigation is if all you know is a type of vehicle and the university it's parking, so let's say it's parked in the the faculty parking area So thinking outside the box is big and knowing where to find information I know that there's a data breach called the park mobile data breach and There is some data in it around email addresses and Vehicles so let's look that up first So I do a rip a grep a faster way of doing grep So I'm gonna search through this file that I have the park mobile data breach Which is almost five gigabytes and I'm going to search for everything that has at Northwestern edu in it and the park mobile data breach and Let's see what it finds it found a lot of email addresses associated With that university and a lot of details. Let's narrow it down a little bit more Let me cancel the search. This shows you how many people use their corporate email IDs for an app that helps you park your car But let's let's stack on you know the word Tesla next to it So it searches for both in conjunction in conjunction. I got exactly one hit I got an email address in this DRK and I know that this person has a Tesla and I got a bunch of License plate numbers probably 10 15 of these So let's see which one is his or hers So now I have an email address Let's take this further and simply Google it when you Google this email address. It tells you the person's full name I Clicked through click on that link and I preloaded some of these tabs because sometimes They'll fail or may not load right or on my VPN So for the sake of demo, let's go to the next tab here So when you click on that first link, I already now know enough information about this through people search websites I have a phone number. I know he's a doctor There's a website here It says MD on his title. So he's likely a doctor and an address here Again now that I know some information, I will dig deeper. I know he's a doctor. So there's a nationwide database for their their license I'll I simply searched his name on this database. So I'll go here. I mean go back a little I Pre-populated this so NPI records are doctors records all in the US I could do it this way or the conventional way I did this was I go in my health insurance website and search for doctors It gives you a little bit more information around it. So similar information I get so at least I'm Verifying now that this is an official record. It's not some people search website that can be manipulated or disinformation can be spread This is an actual health care record For this person the address here is different. It has a suite next to it. So this is a clinics address And probably an office phone number, but at least I know the person's Full three names middle initial and he's legit. So I take the other address I had here the 751 This is likely his home address And I put it in google street view This is that address not a lot of information But remember I was looking for that car does he own this car or not? Or at least do I am I lucky enough to see it parked on the street? Not in this view But what you can do is go back in history on google street view and let's look at a 2018 view of the same thing almost immediately I spot the tesla here in the in the center and I zoom into it I can tell it's a florida license plate again. This is information that is geo specific Geography specific so someone not in the us May not recognize it instantly. They may need to do a little bit more research But I can kind of see the orange In the in the center That's a florida plate and I can see the last two numbers google them do a great job in and Masking that out. It says 67. Let's go back to this data breach here and There is a 67 right here in the license plate dj y f67. Let's Take this plate now And run it through another oscent tool, which is this database of vehicles So you you put in a plate here. So that was This plate number you look for The state this is vehicle history.com and you hit search And if you get lucky You find it. So I found that exact tesla I found the win number and I can take the win number further I also found it had 53 000 miles who was sold for 45 000 in 2020 So some vehicle history the plate is the same but if I keep going further into the pictures I actually see a map here And the map shows florida in it. So some of my information is now Uh correlating and also in the top bar, you see the profile username Dr. K and that is our person of interest So very quickly. I got a lot of information on this person Just through an alternate means of of searching I can also then go to a site like weigel.net And under the bluetooth section search for maybe, you know, the car bluetooth At um a beacon that it's sending out in this case. Let me just make up a name. You know tesla model s jarvis Let's query this. So any device with a bluetooth name of this within, you know, this map search that I have here is going to show up and Basically tell me where it was spotted So all these bluetooth beacons were spotted, you know, all over the u.s If you know the exact one of the person you can actually pinpoint where they've been Or where they are based on the date over here. So another way besides just wi-fi Searching you can also search for bluetooth Again, this is crowdsource data. So may not be accurate but Continuing on with this you can always look at people search websites like advanced background checks And try to look for a date of birth It shows me, you know the how all this person is but says for privacy reasons. We don't reveal full date of birth Which is fine. Let's keep moving on fast people search same person Scroll down and it'll actually show you September 1942 so it gave me two out of the three variables And this is interesting because if my goal is to get the full date of birth of a person there are other ways I I know enough information about a person One other piece that I would use are government records to verify information So let's say a voter record like the massachusetts website for voter registration I can look up people by their first name Last name full date of birth and a zip code if I have all of these things It'll give me more information who they voted for and stuff like that and an address So all of this is confirmed and verified information and that's very important When you're when you're doing oscent, you can't trust the information that you're presented with you have to verify So in this case, let's pick another target. I don't want to dox the same person. Um, so let's uh, Let's pick this person here. So William Francis Galwin if I put in his name here, I don't know his date of birth But guess what he's a popular person likely Um google his name his full date of birth shows up september 17th His zip code is the next thing we need Uh, a people search website will show it's zero two one three five. So I have everything I need about him, but let's say I didn't This is where I fire up my hacking tools like burp suite And within burp suite, I open up that same page and I enter the information here and I enter the zip code here What was it? zero two one three five zero two one three five And I hit Search here and intercept is offered. Let's let me turn on intercept. So it's going to intercept this request So it didn't really search yet. It paused here. So I have this request here now I'm going to modify some of the things here to search for the missing items. Let's say I didn't know the date of birth So let's send this to intruder I go in intruder and I mark some positions that I need to know. So let's say You know, I did not know the day of birth. Let's clear all these things here. Let's go back And so the day of birth is 17 Let's put A variable around this This number let's I didn't know it was 17. I was just guessing so I have 30 tries to get this right or I could automate the process using burp suite now under payloads. I would go and say Let's let's cycle through all the numbers from one to 30 and in steps of one And decimal numbers minimum in t-shirt in t-shirt digits one maximum two And fractions zero zero it gives you an example here What the output would look like and I can start my attack. So before I do that, let's go under options You can run a grep match and Let me I'm doing this fast because I've done this Quite a few times and I want to match for everything that says not found Because when I do find something it will stand out. So now I have everything. Let's run this Attack so it's it's basically going to run through all the different iterations It's going to submit the form with different values of day And as it does this it shows me the length of the packet and I'm looking for an anomaly I'm looking for something that stands out if I click on any one of these It shows me what it's submitted. Let me render the form here and it'll show me What the form looked like so since it was an incorrect entry It's that water registration information not found and that's what I'm searching for This item right here with the checkbox Was actually found and it has a different length A bite length here versus the rest the rest are very close to each other. This one is kind of the odd one out And when I rendered this it says yes water registration status was basically found and it gives me this person's Full date of birth. So in case I didn't know it it's going to try 30 attempts and if I didn't know other variables, I would put those in as well And it would increase the number of events But I can use a tool like this just to automate the process and Verify this information now. I know since a government record exists of this information This is 100 percent verified So I not only do I know the full date of birth, but another missing piece of information was the address That's now there a lot of people, you know, write their true addresses on voting forms Whereas on social media websites, they'll they'll try to hide it or Spread some disinformation, but on government records, it's highly likely that this is your actual address So very quickly using, you know hacking tools like this you can dig through OSINT scenarios Much faster and actually verify the information that you have Taking this one step further now that I have more pieces of information Let's take that email address bag that we found initially and then just run it through have I been pwned Just to three just to see are there other data breaches we can check So it quickly shows me it's part of so many other data breaches Each breach will have its own unique piece of information And I can just dig further and further it shows me the part mobile data breach Which I just checked through had a license plate number in it Since I know this information exists. I kind of I know shortcuts on how to find it fast But Even passwords and stuff Passwords are not what we're looking for. It's all the other information But if I take this same email address and run it through a password breach or a website like this breach directory dot tk and just put in this email address I very quickly get Redacted passwords of this person and if I take one of these redacted passwords It shows me the sha1 hash And as a pen tester, I know hey a sha1 can be reversed Pretty quickly, especially when I know half the characters. So instead of you know finding the actual password I'll quickly go back to kali linux. I will go to Hashcat Which is Right here. So I'll use hashcat. I'll do a dash m 100. That's for sha1 A3 is a brute force attack And that's the hash that I got from that website now. I'll put a mask on it I know the first four digits, but I don't know the remainder of the digits I'll brute force the remainder of the digits and I press enter And usually hashcat takes a while, but one you know once you know half the variables Let's see how long this actually takes it took a couple of seconds To actually figure out The password it cracked it and the password was right here dr carlin, so dr carlin Hopefully he changed his password. I'm pretty sure he did But that's a very quick way of reversing a hash using hashcat And that's the first place I would go to before you even digging deeper Now a lot of the times passwords will reveal much more than just What was here they may reveal A second person's name your dog's name your spouse's name or something secret to you Or you can then take Each individual password that unique password that you got if it's unique and then do a reverse search on just passwords to find out other hidden accounts for the person So that's one other way to do it but Then I would take the phone number and do a reverse carrier search on this and now I want to verify that this phone number Is this person's phone number?  So t-mobile confirmed. This is that person Moving forward, you know more google searches reveal the same person's name But that same website if I look at the archive Wayback machine, it'll actually show me a middle name Simeon right here. So I can get more information this way I take the same person's name and go to classmates.com I see a yearbook entry and I click on the yearbook Now it's going to show me a paywall and I can't really click on any of these But that was what page 54. I believe but it'll actually show me the first page So first few pages I can always right click on any of these pages open image a new url And visit that url and modify the file that's here. This is jpeg file number two If I go was it 54? I get the high resolution image of that same mark person and this guy is pretty much the same as the person here So again digging deeper So there's there's a lot you can do and I said I wouldn't touch social media But let's let's let's take a quick example of one of the hacking tools in social media Let's say there's this person instagram Dot com slash Michelle I want to know more about this person A lot of the things are masked here. So let's go to a tool called So let me demonstrate two real quick tools for you here So one of the tools is two tartis I put in the name Michelle here and I put in a This is random string here. There's these entire directions here to how to use this instagram tool But when I run this tool, it actually gives me redacted email addresses One email address and a phone number plus four four. That's uk Which I did not get from the social media profile itself. So this is Using apis same thing. I use another tool by the same person called holy he and I Enter in an email address and it actually give it's runs through multiple social media accounts And spits out some information regarding where this account was used So once this tool is is done, it'll actually give me more social media accounts to dig through right here A lot of these did not show up in regular searches like garmin and stuff So now I have more points of interest to go through Social media will also tell you other stuff if you go back in time on twitter It will give you you know location or the person's real name In this case, the person only had his first name on twitter This is not me. This is somebody who Got the name before me But in in this scenario, I now know the person's full name because it's on the wayback machine Look at brian kreb's account and it shows you used twitter for ipad Dig a little bit deeper using tools like social bearing and it shows you this person brian kreb's uses an iphone an ipad and twitter for web So now I know a device that this person has Very quickly if you go into linkedin and do a search for You know linkedin.com slash in slash jane doe You get some information, but if I use an api from people data labs Pdi I can actually put in this profile there and see what they have on her And now I get a linkedin id which I could have gotten by right clicking to but then I get facebook profiles phone numbers A whole bunch of other stuff here to utilize as well free apis So Very quickly realize there's a lot of tools at your disposal It's how you use them how quickly and how efficient you are at these tools Will determine what amount of information and you can get out of these That linkedin id that I found just to put a little perspective on it If you just search the linkedin data breach with that same id you are going to find Let's see what you find you find A lot of id's which are Similar to this. Let's stop the search and narrow it down a little bit. Let's put a comma next to it and Slash beef to create a boundary So that linkedin id which we got from jane doe's account Equates to this one email address So that's how you use some of the breaches and the tools to kind of Real quickly dig deep Let me take a breather here. There's a lot to talk about there, but let's Kind of wrap this up. So Here's where we started and this is where we want to be we started with a piece of information about a tesla at a university and We quickly went into a breach breach turned into an email We found an email address and then we find found all this information that I showed And you know things in white here are all the hacking tools that we used You know hashcat to find more details on a password color id spoofing to verify And most of these things are by the way to verify like burpsuit was to verify a date of birth And to find it as well url manipulation to bypass some of the paywalls tools in social media tools like holy he to tatis Probably butchering the names here, but these tools are Used to dig deeper into further information You know on facebook just look for when people started saying happy birthday to the person that kind of verifies what their day of birth is at least But using people data labs open apis To figure out other accounts using linkedin to find member IDs and breaches types of device used to kind of profile the person better using weigel or Looking back in time on the archive archive.org There's a lot of information you can use just by using some of the tools that weren't really made To for people hunting, but you can absolutely use this on top of your oscent regular oscent skill set Now where you want to be here eventually Is Is a chart like this where you start off with a profile dig deeper into all the different elements And just keep growing this chart little by little and that's basically What will Provide that larger profile of the person and then start connecting the different pieces together It's the connecting the dots that really matters and Make puts your investigation in front of the rest So ingredients to success a lot of the things you saw me do here require planning You know a lot of extreme op sec thinking outside the box Knowing what tools exist so that you can dig deeper for that information But to me what really defines this success is persistence and perseverance Keep trying Eventually people will make a mistake and they will leave evidence and and perseverance leave no stone on turn a quick simple example I can give you of this is Try all the tools that you dispose of useful or useless like you know, here's michael bezels tools here and One of these search tools like let's say I was looking for a name john doe I'll populate all there's all these websites I can look for simply clicking on submit all watch how many tabs open up I can't even look at this. It's like flashing lights But all of these tabs are now opening up for me to go through browse and Check one by one. Did I miss anything? This is called being thorough? Sure, it takes a lot of time, but all I need is one hit 20 tabs open up if one of them has the information I'm looking for that success I'll close the rest of it. So you have to spend the time and the resources to go through all of your All the tools in your tool set and then obviously Have that positive attitude And I can almost guarantee you that with a lot of patience With the perseverance and persistence If you continue this You will find your target or your person of interest Thank you and have a great rest of the evening


Hello and welcome to the session I am Shashi and I am going to help you with the following question. Question says in each of the following find the value of k for which the points are collinear. Given points are 8, 1, k minus 4, 2 minus 5. First of all let us understand that if the area of a triangle is 0 square units then its vertices will be collinear. This is the k idea to solve the given question. Now let us start the solution we are given points 8, 1, k minus 4, 2 minus 5 we have to find the value of k so that all the three points are collinear. We know that the area of a triangle formed by vertices a, x1, y1, b, x2, y2 and c, x3, y3 is given by half multiplied by x1 multiplied by y2 minus y3 plus x2 multiplied by y3 minus y1 plus x3 multiplied by y1 minus y2. Now let us assume that these three points represent the points x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3. Now clearly we can see value of x1 is equal to 8, value of y1 is equal to 1, value of x2 is equal to k, value of y2 is equal to minus 4, value of x3 is equal to 2 and value of y3 is equal to minus 5. Now area of a triangle formed by given points is equal to half multiplied by x1, x1 we know is equal to 8, so 8 multiplied by y2 minus y3, y2 is equal to minus 4, minus y3 is equal to minus 5, so we get 8 multiplied by minus 4 minus minus 5 plus x2, we know x2 is equal to k, so we will write k multiplied by y3 minus y1, y3 is equal to minus 5 and y1 is equal to 1 plus we know x3, x3 is equal to 2, 2 multiplied by y1 minus y2, y1 is equal to 1 and y2 is equal to minus 4, so we can write 1 minus minus 4, now this is further equal to 1 upon 2 multiplied by 8 multiplied by minus 4 plus 5 plus k multiplied by minus 6 plus 2 multiplied by 1 plus 4, here these 2 negative signs will change into positive sign, we know minus 5 minus 1 is equal to minus 6 and here again these 2 negative signs will change into positive sign, now this is further equal to 1 upon 2 multiplied by 8 multiplied by 1 we know minus 4 plus 5 is equal to 1 minus 6k plus we know 1 plus 4 is equal to 5 and 5 multiplied by 2 is equal to 10, now we get 1 upon 2 multiplied by 18 minus 6k, now this is further equal to 9 minus 3k, now we get area of triangle formed by given points is equal to 9 minus 3k, now we know the given points are collinear, so the area of the triangle formed by them must be 0, so we can write since the given points are collinear the area of the triangle formed by them must be 0 that is 9 minus 3k is equal to 0, now adding 3k on both the sides we get 9 is equal to 3k, now dividing both the sides by 3 we get 3 is equal to k or we can simply write k is equal to 3, so this is our required answer this completes the session hope you understood the session take care and have a nice day.