Beyonce Giselle Knowles Carter is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of Rand B. Girl Group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Matthew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyonce's debut album, Dangerously in Love, 2003, which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 singles Crazy in Love and Baby Boy. Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, B-Day, 2006, which contained the tracks Deja Vu, Irreplaceable, and Beautiful Liar. Beyonce also ventured into acting, with starring roles in The Pink Panther, 2006, Dreamgirls, 2006, and Obsessed, 2009. Her marriage to rapper Jay-Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records, 2008, influenced her third album, IAM. Sasha Fierce, 2008, which saw the birth of her alter ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for Single Ladies, put a ring on it. Beyonce took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career, her fourth album for 2011, was subsequently Mellower in Tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth album, Beyonce, 2013, was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes. With the release of Lemonade, 2016, Beyonce became the first artist to have their first six studio albums debut at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. Throughout her career, she has sold over 100 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. She has won 22 Grammy Awards and is the most nominated woman in the awards history. She is the most awarded artist at the MTV Video Music Awards, with 24 wins. The Recording Industry Association of America recognized her as the top-certified artist in America during the 20-hundreds, decade, .N2009, Billboard named her the top radio songs artist of the decade, the top female artist of the 20-hundreds, decade, and handed their Millennium Award in 2011 Refn in 2014. She became the highest-paid black musician in history and was listed among Times 100 most influential people in the world for a second year in a row Forbes listed her as the most powerful female in entertainment of 2015, and in 2016 she occupied the sixth place for person of the year. Early Life Beyonce Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine Tina Knowles, Ne Bayance, a hairdresser, and salon owner, and Matthew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager. Beyonce's name is a tribute to her mother's maiden name .Beyonce's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child. Solange and Beyonce are the first sisters to have both had number one albums. Matthew is African-American, while Tina is of Louisiana Creole descent, African, Native American, and French. Through her mother, Beyonce is a descendant of Acadian leader Joseph Broussard. Beyonce attended St. Mary's Montessori School in Houston, where she enrolled in dance classes. Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darla Johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. Beyonce's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon's Imagine to Beat 15 slash 16-year-olds. In fall of 1990, Beyonce enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music-magnet school in Houston, where she would perform with the school's choir. She also attended the high school for the performing and visual arts and later a leaf-elsic high school.Beyonce was also a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church as a soloist for two years. When Beyonce was eight, she and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met Latavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girls' Time, and wrapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, Rand B producer Arnie Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search, the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girls' Time failed to win, and Beyonce later said the song they performed was not good. In 1995 Beyonce's father resigned from his job to manage the group. The move reduced Beyonce's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments.Matthew cut the original line up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established Rand B girl groups.The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Electra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company.This put further strain on the family, and Beyonce's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's grassroots entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records. Career 1997 2002, Destiny's Child The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the book of Isaiah. In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song Killing Time on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black.The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album scoring their first major hit No, No. The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group Three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best Rand B Slash Soul album of the year, Best Rand B Slash Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best Rand B Slash Soul single for No, No, No. The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writings on the Wall in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as Bills, Bills, Bills, the group's first No. 1 single, Jumpin' Jumpin' and Say My Name, which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. Say My Name won the Best Rand B Performance by a duo or group with vocals and the Best Rand B Song at the 43rd annual Grammy Awards. The Writings on the Wall sold more than 8 million copies worldwide.During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Mark Nelson, an original member of Boys 2 Men, on the song After All is Said and Done for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man. Latoya Luckett and Roberson became unhappy with Matthew's managing of the band and eventually were replaced by Farah Franklin and Michelle Williams.Beyoncé experienced depression following the split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics and blogs for its cause. Her long-standing boyfriend left her at this time. The depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years, during which she occasionally kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything. Beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously. Beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it.Franklin was dismissed, leaving just Beyoncé, Rowland and Williams. The remaining band members recorded Independent Women Part 1, which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film Charlie's Angels. It became their best charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for 11 consecutive weeks.In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen, a hip-hopera, starring alongside American actor Mackay Pfeiffer. Set in Philadelphia, the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th century opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet. When the third album Survivor was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them.The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold. The album spawned other number-one hits, Bootylicious and the title track, Survivor, the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with vocals. After releasing their holiday album Eight Days of Christmas in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers. In July 2002, Beyoncé continued her acting career playing Foxy Cleopatra alongside Mike Myers in the comedy film Austin Powers in Galdmember, which spent its first weekend atop the U.S. box office and grossed $73 million. Beyoncé released Work It Out as the lead single from its soundtrack album which entered the top 10 in the UK, Norway and Belgium. In 2003, Beyoncé starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr., in the musical comedy The Fighting Temptations as Lily, a single mother with whom Gooding's character falls in love. The film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed $30 and NBSP, million in the U.S. Beyoncé released Fighting Temptation as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album, with Missy Elliott, MC Light and Free which was also used to promote the film. Another of Beyoncé's contributions to the soundtrack, Summertime, fared better on the U.S. charts. 2003-2007, Dangerously in Love and B-Day. Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay-Z's O3 Bonnie and Clyde that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her first solo album Dangerously in Love was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, Crazy in Love, featuring Jay-Z, became Beyoncé's first number one single as a solo artist in the U.S. The single Baby Boy also reached number one, and singles, Me, Myself and I and Naughty Girl, both reached the top five. The album earned Beyoncé a then-record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards, Best Contemporary Rand B Album, Best Female Rand B Vocal Performance for Dangerously in Love 2, Best Rand B Song and Best Rap Slash Song Collaboration for Crazy in Love, and Best Rand B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for the Closer One. Get to you with Luther Vandross. In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies' first tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American National Anthem at Super Bowl 38, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the leftover tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child. Released on November 15, 2004, in the U.S. and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, Destiny Fulfilled included the singles Lose My Breath and Soldier, which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled, and Love in It and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Roland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. The group released their first compilation album Number Round NBSP-1S on October 25, 2005, in the U.S. and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006. Beyoncé's second solo album B-Day was released on September 4, 2006, in the U.S., to coincide with her 25th birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number one album in the United States. The album's lead single Deja Vu, featuring Jay-Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.The second international single Irreplaceable was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States B-Day also produced three other singles, Ring the Alarm, Get Me Bodied, and Green Light, released in the United Kingdom only. Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin, grossing $158.8 and NBSP, million at the box office worldwide. Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical Loosely Based on the Supremes, received a claim from critics and grossed $154 and NBSP, million internationally. In it, she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx and Eddie Murphy playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross. To promote the film, Beyoncé released Listen as the lead single from the soundtrack album. In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on the Beyoncé experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 and NBSP, million. Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest. At the same time, B-Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira Beautiful Liar. 2008-2010, Marriage, I.A.M. Sasha Fierce, and Films On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé married Jay-Z. She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album, I.A.M. Sasha Fierce, in Manhattan's Sony Club on October 22, 2008. I.A.M. Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008, in the United States. The album formally introduces Beyoncé's alter ego Sasha Fierce, conceived during the making of her 2003 single Crazy in Love. It was met with generally mediocre reviews from critics, but sold 482,000 copies in its first week, debuting atop the Billboard 200, and giving Beyoncé her third consecutive No. 1 album in the U.S. The album featured the No. 1 song Single Ladies, Put a Ring on It, and the top five songs If I Were a Boy and Halo.Achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career, Halo's success in the U.S. helped Beyoncé attain more top 10 singles on the list than any other woman during the 20 hundreds. It also included the successful Sweet Dreams, and singles diva, ego, broken-hearted girl and video phone. The music video for Single Ladies has been parroted and imitated around the world, spawning the first major dance craze of the internet age according to the Toronto Star. The video has won several awards, including Best Video at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards, the 2009 Scottish MOBO Awards, and the 2009 Bed Awards. At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, the video was nominated for nine awards, ultimately winning three including Video of the Year.It's failure to win the best female video category, which went to American country pop singer Taylor Swift's You Belong With Me, led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech. In March 2009, Beyoncé embarked on the IAM World Tour, her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million. Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a satellite award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and a NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress. Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organisation of rehabilitation centres for heroin addicts around the country. On January 20, 2009, Beyoncé performed James at last at the first couple's first inaugural ball. Beyoncé starred opposite Allie Larder and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed.  Although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the U.S. box office, grossing $68 million $60 million more than Cadillac Records on a budget of $20 and NBSP, million. The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Allie Larder also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight. At the 52nd annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé received 10 nominations, including album of the year for IAM. Sasha Fierce, record of the year for Halo, and song of the year for Single Ladies, put a ring on it, among others. She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. Knolls went on to win six of those nominations, breaking a record she previously tied in 2004 for the most Grammy Awards won in a single night by a female artist with six. In 2010, Beyoncé was featured on Lady Gaga's single telephone and appeared in its music video. The song topped the US Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number ones since the Nielsen Top 40 Airplay Chart launched in 1992. Telephone received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with vocals. Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, to live life, to be inspired by things again. During the break she and her father parted ways as business partners. Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids, Australia, English music festivals and various museums and ballet performances. On June 26, 2011, she became the first solo female artist to headline the main pyramid stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival in over 20 years. Her fourth studio album Four was released two days later in the US. Four sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted at a top the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles Run the World, Girls, and Best Thing I Never Had. He fourth single Love on Top spent seven consecutive weeks at number one on the Hot Rand B slash Hip Hop Songs chart, while peaking at number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, the highest peak from the album. Four also produced four other singles, Party, Countdown, I Care and End of Time. Eat, Play, Love, a cover story written by Beyoncé for Essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists. In late 2011, she took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances, the four intimate nights with Beyoncé concerts saw the performance of her four album to a standing room only.On August 1, 2011, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, RIAA, having shipped one million copies to retail stores. By December 2015, it reached sales of 1.5 million copies in the U.S. On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy. In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, Nuclear. Beyoncé performed the American National Anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl 47, halftime show, held at the Mercedes Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for best traditional R&B performance for Love on Top. Her feature-length documentary film, Life is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. Beyoncé embarked on the Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia, the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse is back to black with Andrey 3000 on The Great Gatsby soundtrack was released. Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on May 24, and recorded an original song for the film, Rise Up, co-written with S.I.A. On December 13, 2013, Beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes store without any prior announcement or promotion. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fifth consecutive No. 1 album in the US. This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at No. 1. Beyoncé received critical acclaim and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days, musically an electro-round album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as bulimia, postnatal depression and the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood. The single Drunk in Love, featuring Jay-Z, peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In April 2014, after much speculation, Beyoncé and Jay-Z officially announced their on-the-run tour. It served as the couple's first CEO headlining stadium tour together.On August 24, 2014, she received the Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. Knowles also won home three competitive awards, Best Video with a social message and Best Cinematography for Pretty Hertz, as well as Best Collaboration for Drunk in Love. In November, Forbes reported that Beyoncé was the top earning woman in music for the second year in a row earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013. Beyoncé was reissued with new material in three forms, as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, IFPI, in the last 19 days of 2013, the album sold 2.3 million units worldwide, becoming the 10th best-selling album of 2013. The album also went on to become the 20th best-selling album of 2014. As of November 2014, Beyoncé has sold over 5 million copies worldwide and has generated over 1 billion streams, as of March 2015. At the 57th annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three, Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for Drunk in Love, and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year, but the award went to Beck for his album Morning Face. 2016 Present, Lemonade On February 6, 2016, Beyoncé released Formation and its accompanying music video exclusively on the music streaming platform title, the song was made available to download for free. She performed Formation Live for the first time during the NFL Super Bowl 50 halftime show. The appearance was considered controversial as it appeared to reference the 50th anniversary of the Black Panther Party and the NFL forbids political statements in its performances. Immediately following the performance, Beyoncé announced the Formation World Tour, which highlighted stops in both North America and Europe. It ended on October 7, with Beyoncé bringing out her husband Jay-Z, Kendrick Lamar and Serena Williams for the last show. The tour went on to win Tour of the Year at the 44th American Music Awards. On April 16, 2016, Beyoncé released a teaser clip for a project called Lemonade. It turned out to be a one-hour film which aired on HBO exactly a week later, a corresponding album with the same title was released on the same day exclusively on title. Lemonade debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, making Beyoncé the first act in Billboard history to have their first six studio albums debut atop the chart, she broke a record previously tied with DMX in 2013. With all 12 tracks of Lemonade debuting on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, Beyoncé also became the first female act to chart 12 or more songs at the same time. Additionally, Lemonade was streamed 115 million times through title, setting a record for the most streamed album in a single week by a female artist in history. As of November 2016, it has sold 1.5 million copies in the US. Lemonade became her most critically acclaimed work to date, receiving universal acclaim according to Metacritic, a website collecting reviews from professional music critics. Several music publications included the album Among the Best of 2016, including Rolling Stone, which listed Lemonade at number one. The album's visuals were nominated in 11 categories at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards, the most ever received by Beyoncé in a single year, and went on to win eight awards, including Video of the Year for Formation. The eight wins made Beyoncé the most awarded artist in the history of the VMAs, 24, surpassing Madonna, 20. At the 59th Grammy Awards, Lemonade led with nine nominations including Album of the Year, and Record of the Year and Song of the Year for Formation. During the ceremony she won two of her nominations, taking home Best Urban Contemporary Album and Best Music Video. Adele broke her Grammy for Album of the Year and gave the other half to Beyoncé, since she thought that Lemonade was more deserving. Beyoncé occupied the sixth place for Time magazine's 2016 Person of the Year. In January 2017, it was announced that Beyoncé would headline the Coachella Music and Arts Festival. This would make Beyoncé only the second female headliner of the festival since it was founded in 1999. Artistry Voice and Songwriter Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as one of the most compelling instruments in popular music. Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. John Perelz of The New York Times commented that her voice is velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting. Rosen notes that the hip-hop era highly influenced Beyoncé's unique rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto.Other critics praise her range and power, with Chris Richards of the Washington Post saying she was capable of punctuating any beat with goosebumps-inducing whispers or full-bore divirores. Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. Four demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 1990's style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip-hop than compared to previous releases.While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for a re-impleasable, re-recordings of songs from B-Day for a Spanish-language audience, and the re-release of B-Day. To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez. She has received CO writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Destiny's Child and her solo efforts.Her early songs were personally driven and female empowerment themed compositions like Independent Women and Survivor, but after the start of her relationship with Jay-Z, she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as Cater to You. Beyoncé has also received CO producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved, especially during her solo efforts. However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers. In 2001, she became the first black woman and second female lyricist to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year Award at the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Pop Music Awards.Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number-one songs — irreplaceable, grills and check on it — in the same year, after Carol King in 1971 and Mariah Carey in 1991. She is tied with American lyricist Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles. The latter wrote her 9-slash-11 motivated song I Was Here for 4. In May 2011, Billboard magazine listed Beyoncé at number 17 on their list of the top 20 Hot 100 songwriters, for having CO written eight singles that hit number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was one of only three women on that list, along with Alicia Keys and Taylor Swift. Influences Beyoncé names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence. Aged 5, Beyoncé attended her first-ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realized her purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyoncé said, if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed. She admires Diana Ross as an all-around entertainer and Whitney Houston, who she said inspired me to get up there and do what she did. She credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song Vision of Love as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, Prince, Lauren Hill Sada Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Bleach, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker and Rachel Farrell. The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album Be Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker. Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing Deja Vu at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. Beyoncé's third solo album I AM. Sasha Fierce was inspired by Jay-Z and especially by Etta James, whose boldness inspired Beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles. Her fourth solo album, Four was inspired by Fella Cudi, 1990's Rand B, Earth, Wind and Fire, Debarche, Lionel Richie, Tina Marie, The Jackson Five, New Edition, Adele, Florence and The Machine, and Prince. Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama, saying she proves you can do it all and she has described Oprah Winfrey as the definition of inspiration and a strong woman.She has also discussed how Jay-Z is a continuing inspiration to her, both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life. Beyoncé has expressed admiration for the artist Jean-Michel Basquiat, posting in a letter what I find in the work of Jean-Michel Basquiat, I search for in every day in music, he is lyrical and raw. In February 2013, Beyoncé said that Madonna inspired her to take control of her own career. She commented, I think about Madonna and how she took all of the great things she achieved and started the label and developed other artists. But there are not enough of those women. Stage and Alter Ego In 2006, Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Sugar Mama, also the name of a song in B-Day, which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists. Her background singers, the mamas, consist of Montana Cooper Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Monique Riddick. They made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards and reappeared in the music videos for irreplaceable and green light.The band have supported Beyoncé in most subsequent live performances, including her 2007 concert tour The Beyoncé Experience, 2009-2010 IAM. World Tour, 2013-2014 The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour and 2016 The Formation World Tour Beyoncé has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. Jared Weiselman of The New York Post placed her at number one on her list of the five best singer-slash-dancers. According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian Beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen on stage, while Alice Jones of The Independent wrote she takes her role as entertainers so seriously she's almost too good. The ex-president of Def Jam LA Reed has described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive. Jim Farber of The Daily News and Stephanie Klassin of Star Phoenix both praised her strong voice and her stage presence. Described as being sexy, seductive and provocative when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego Sasha fears to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is.  Sasha was conceived during the making of Crazy in Love, and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album I AM. Sasha Fierce In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce. However, Beyoncé announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her rebel presence, Beyoncé Live shows later that month. Public Image Beyoncé has been described as having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Tourie writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has become a crossover sex symbol. Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress is absolutely for the stage. Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 20 hundreds, decade, the media often used the term bootylicious, a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious, to describe Beyoncé, the term popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same name. In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary. In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modeling debut at Tom Ford's Spring Slash Summer 2011 fashion show. She was named world's most beautiful woman by people and the hottest female singer of all time by complex in 2012. In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its 100 sexiest women of the 21st century list. VH1 listed her at number one on its 100 sexiest artists list. All wax figures of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussaud's wax museums in major cities around the world, including New York, Washington, D.C., Amsterdam, Bangkok, Hollywood and Sydney. According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. Her mother Cio wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style An Account of How Fashion Affected the Trio's Success. The IBB Day anthology video album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles. In 2007, Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the sports-illustrated swimsuit issue, becoming the second African-American woman after Tyra Banks, and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best dressed celebrity. The Bayhive is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base. Fans were previously titled the Beyantourage, a portmanteau of Beyoncé and Entourage. The name Bayhive derives from the word Beyhive, purposely misspelled to resemble her first name, and was penned by fans after petitions on the online social networking service Twitter and online news reports during competitions. In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, PETA, criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing linehouse of Duran. In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine Ella Fichiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media. A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyoncé's look was far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce and that it was a return to her African roots. Beyoncé's lighter skin color and costuming has drawn criticism from some in the African-American community.Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007, that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments. In 2008, Ella Rial was accused of whitening her skin in their faria hair color advertisements, responding that it is categorically untrue, and in 2013, Beyoncé herself criticized Hand M for their proposed retouching of promotional images of her, and according to Vogue requested that only natural pictures be used. Personal Life Marriage and Children Beyoncé started a relationship with Jay-Z after their collaboration on 03 Bonnie and Clyde, which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2, The Gift and the Curse, 2002. Beyoncé appeared as Jay-Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, fueling speculation about their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay-Z married without publicity.As of April 2014, the couple had sold a combined 300 million records together. They are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as the saddest thing she had ever endured. She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay-Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for four and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris. In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed Love on Top and ended the performance by revealing she was pregnant. Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 and npsp, million viewers, the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for most tweets per second recorded for a single event on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and Beyoncé pregnant was the most googled term the week of August 29, 2011. On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. On February 1, 2017, she revealed on her INS Teogrom account that she is expecting twins. Her announcement gained 6,335,571 likes within eight hours, breaking the world record for the most liked image on the website. Activism Beyoncé performed America the Beautiful at the 2009 Presidential Inauguration, as well as at last during the first inaugural dance at the neighborhood ball two days later. They held a fundraiser at JZS 4040's club in Manhattan for Obama's 2012 presidential campaign which raised $4 and npsp, million. In the 2012 presidential election, Beyoncé voted for Obama. She performed the American National Anthem at his second inauguration The Washington Post reported in May 2015, that Beyoncé attended a major celebrity fundraiser for 2016 presidential nominee Hillary Clinton. In 2013, Beyoncé stated in an interview with Vogue that she considered herself to be a modern-day feminist. She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling We Should All Be Feminists, a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamandan Ghazi Adaki at a TEDx talk in April 2013, in her song Flawless, released later that year. She has also contributed to the Ban Basi campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls. Following Beyoncé's public identification as a feminist, the sexualized nature of her performances and the fact that she championed her marriage was questioned. Beyoncé publicly endorsed same-sex marriage on March 26, 2013, after the Supreme Court debate on California's Proposition 8. The singer has also condemned police brutality against black Americans. Beyoncé and Jay-Z attended a rally in 2013 in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman for the shooting of Trayvon Martin. The film for her sixth album Lemonade included the mothers of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown and Eric Garner, holding pictures of their murdered sons in the video for freedom. In a 2016 interview with Elle, she responded to the controversy surrounding her song formation which was perceived to be critical of the police. She clarified, �I am against police brutality and injustice. Those are two separate things. If celebrating my roots and culture during Black History Month made anyone uncomfortable, those feelings were there long before a video and long before me.� Wealth Forbes magazine began reporting on Beyoncé's earnings in 2008, calculating that the $80 and NBSP, million earned between June 2007 to June 2008, for her music, tour, films and clothing line made her the world's best-paid music personality at the time, above Madonna and Celine Dion. They placed her fourth on the Celebrity 100 list in 2009, and ninth on the Most Powerful Women in the World list in 2010. The following year, Forbes placed her eighth on the best-paid celebrities under 30 list, having earned $35 and NBSP, million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals. In 2012, Forbes placed Beyoncé at number 16 on the Celebrity 100 list, 12 places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $40 and NBSP, million in the past year for her album for clothing line and endorsement deals. In the same year, Beyoncé and Jay-Z placed at number one on the world's highest-paid celebrity couples, for collectively earning $78 and NBSP, million. The couple made it into the previous year's Guinness World Records as the highest-earning power couple for collectively earning $122 million in 2009. For the years 2009 to 2011, Beyoncé earned an average of $70 and NBSP, million per year, and earned $40 and NBSP, million in 2012. In 2013, Beyoncé's endorsements of Pepsi and Hand M made her and Jay-Z the world's first billion-dollar couple in the music industry. That year, Beyoncé was published as the fourth most powerful celebrity in the Forbes rankings. MTV estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history, she proceeded to do so in April 2014. In June 2014, Beyoncé ranked at number one on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 and NBSP, million throughout June 2013-June 2014. This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date. In 2016, Beyoncé ranked at number 34 on the Celebrity 100 list with earnings of $54 million. Herself and Jay-Z also topped the highest-paid celebrity couple list, with combined earnings of $107.5 million. As of June 2016, Forbes calculated her net worth to be $265 million. Legacy In the New Yorker, music critic Jodie Rosen described Beyoncé as the most important and compelling popular musician of the 21st century. The result, the logical end point, of a century plus of pop. When The Guardian named her artist of the decade, Louis Smith wrote, Why Beyoncé? Because she made not one but two of the decade's greatest singles, with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies, put a ring on it, not to mention her hits with Destiny's Child, and this was the decade when singles particularly Rand B. Singles regained their status as pop's favorite medium. She and not any superannuated rock star was arguably the greatest live performer of the past 10 years. In 2013, Beyoncé made the Time 100 list, with Baz Luhrmann writing No One Has That Voice, No One Moves The Way She Moves, No One Can Hold An Audience The Way She Does. When Beyoncé does an album, when Beyoncé sings a song, when Beyoncé does anything, it's an event, and it's broadly influential. Right now, she is the heir apparent diva of the USA The Raining National Voice. In 2014, Beyoncé was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of The Issue. Beyoncé's work has influenced numerous artists including Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Ellie Golding, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Nicole Scherzinger, Jessica Sanchez, Cheryl, Jocho, Meghan Trainor, Grimes, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Alexis Jordan, Bridget Mendler, and Azilia Banks. American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous, 2012, friend Gwyneth Paltrow studied Beyoncé at her live concerts while learning to become a musical performer for the 2010 film Country Strong. Her debut single, Crazy in Love was named VH1's Greatest Song of the 2000s, an MES best track of the 00s and pop song of the century, considered by Rolling Stone to be one of the 500 greatest songs of all time, earned two Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling singles of all time at around eight and npsp, million copies. The music video for Single Ladies, put a ring on it, which achieved fame for its intricate choreography and its deployment of jazz hands, was credited by the Toronto star as having started the first major dance craze of both the new millennium and the internet triggering a number of parodies of the dance choreography and a legion of amateur imitators on YouTube. In 2013, Drake released a single titled Girls Love Beyoncé, which featured an interpolation from Destiny Child's Say My Name and discussed his relationship with women. In January 2012, research scientist Brian Lessard named Skaptia B. Juansia, a species of horse fly found in Northern Queensland, Australia after Beyoncé due to the fly's unique golden hairs on its abdomen. In July 2014, a Beyoncé exhibit was introduced into the Legends of Rock section of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The black leotard from the Single Ladies video in her outfit from the Super Bowl half-time performance are among several pieces housed at the museum. Architects credit Beyoncé's look in her Ghost Music video as the inspiration of the design of the premier tower under construction in Australia. Honours and Awards Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 17 Endnbsp, million albums in the US, and over 100 Endnbsp, million records worldwide, a further 60 Endnbsp, million additionally with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.The Recording Industry Association of America, RIAA, listed Beyoncé as the top-certified artist of the 20-hundreds, decade, with a total of 64 certifications. Her songs Crazy in Love, Single Ladies, Put a Ring on It, Halo, and Irreplaceable are some of the best-selling singles of all time worldwide. In 2009, the Observer named her the Artist of the Decade and Billboard named her the Top Female Artist and Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade. In 2010, Billboard named her in their Top 50 R&B Slash Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years list at number 15. In 2012 VH1 ranked her third on their list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music. Beyoncé was honored with the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards. She has also received the Legend Award at the 2008 World Music Awards, the Billboard Millennium Award at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards, the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2014, and the Fashion Icon Award at the CFDA Awards in 2016. Beyoncé has won 22 Grammy Awards, both as a solo artist and member of Destiny's Child, making her the second-most honored female artist by the Grammys, behind Allison Krause and the most-nominated woman in Grammy Award history with a total of 62 nominations. Single Ladies, Put a Ring on It, One Song of the Year in 2010 while Say My Name and Crazy in Love had previously won Best R&B Song. Dangerously in Love, Be Day and I AM. Sasha Fierce have all won Best Contemporary R&B Album. Beyoncé set the record for the most Grammy Awards won by a female artist in one night in 2010 when she won six awards, breaking the tie she previously held with Alicia Keys, Nora Jones, Allison Krause and Amy Winehouse, with Adele equalling this in 2012. Beyoncé has also won 24 MTV Video Music Awards, making her the most awarded artist in Video Music Award history. Single Ladies, Put a Ring on It, and Formation One Video of the Year in 2009 and 2016 respectively. Beyoncé tied the record set by Lady Gaga in 2010 for the most VMAs won in one night for a female artist with eight in 2016.She is also the most awarded and nominated artist in BED Award history, winning 24 awards from a total of 54 nominations. Following her role in Dreamgirls Beyoncé was nominated for Best Original Song for Listen and Best Actress at the Golden Globe Awards, an outstanding actress in a motion picture at the NAACP Image Awards. Beyoncé won two awards at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2006, Best Song for Listen and Best Original Soundtrack for Dreamgirls, music from the motion picture. According to Fuse in 2014, Beyoncé is the second most award-winning artist of all time, after Michael Jackson. She was named on the 2016 BBC Radio Four Woman's Hour power list as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women's lives over the past 70 years, alongside Margaret Thatcher, Barbara Castle, Helen Brooke, Jermaine Greer, Jaya Bendessi and Bridget Jones. In 2016, she was announced by WhatsApp TV as the first winner of the Best International Video Category with her formation video at the maiden edition of the WhatsApp TV Africa Music Video Awards held in Accra, Ghana. Other Ventures Endorsements Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed $1.50 and NBSP, million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Centre for Science in the Public Interest, Xpinit, wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organization. Nevertheless, Netbase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with the 70%er positive audience response to the commercial and print ads. Beyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for The Fragrance's True Star, singing a cover version of Wishing on a Star, and True Star Gold, she also promoted Emporio Armani's Diamonds Fragrance in 2007. Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010. The commercial, which featured the 1956 song Fever, was shown after the water shed in the United Kingdom as it begins with an image of Beyoncé appearing to lie naked in a room. In February 2011, Beyoncé launched her second fragrance, Heat Rush. Beyoncé's third fragrance, Pulse, was launched in September 2011. In 2013, the Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat was released. The six editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line with sales of over $400 and NBSP, million. The release of a video game Star Power, Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 and NBSP, million with Gate 5 who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because Gate 5 had lost its financial backers. Beyoncé also has had deals with American Express Nintendo DS and L.O.R. Real since the age of 18. In October 2014, Beyoncé partnered with British fashion retailer Topshop in a 50-50th split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. The new division was created for Topshop to break into the active wear market. The company and collection is set to launch and hit stores in the fall of 2015. In March 2015, Beyoncé became a CEO owner, with other artists, of the music streaming service Tidal. The service specializes in lossless audio and high-definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay-Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspero, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, 16 artists' stakeholders, such as Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more, CEO-owned Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all-artist-owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry. Fashion Lines Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Duran, a contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005.The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agne Duran, a respected seamstress. According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyoncé's taste and style. Beyoncé and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Duran, and its junior collection, Duran. House of Duran pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's Shows and Tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled Era. The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the US and Canada. In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Duran. In January 2008, Star Wave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a high-style mobile game with a social networking component, featuring the House of Duran collection.In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Duran, for back-to-school selling. The collection included sportswear, outerwear, handbags, footwear, eyewear, lingerie and jewelry. It was available at department stores including Macy's and Dillard's, and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds.On May 27, 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store Candid to launch Duran by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil.The collection included tailored blazers with padded shoulders, little black dresses, embroidered tops and shirts and bandage dresses. In October 2014, Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an active wear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop. The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015. The line was launched in April 2016. Philanthropy After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Roland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later. Beyoncé participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now, a global benefit for earthquake relief Telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition CFDA Fashion for Haiti T-shirt, made by theory which raised a total of $1.00 and NBSP, million. On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opened the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House, offering a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women. In April 2011, Beyoncé joined forces with U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity by reworking her single Get Me Bodied. Following the death of Osama bin Laden, Beyoncé released her cover of the Lee Greenwood song God Bless the USA, as a charity single to help raise funds for the New York police and fire widows and children's benefit fund. In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for Demand A Plan, a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 U.S. mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song I Was Here and its music video, shot in the U.N., to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Janini on a Gucci chime for change campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Golding, Florence and The Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on May 15, 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was finding the best qualities in every human being. With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in Miss A Meal, a food donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity Auctions at Charity Buzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the US. In December 2016, Beyoncé was named the most charitable celebrity of the year.


You're welcome back. Well, we have the BVAS, an Electronic Transmission of Results on Election Day. These are things new to our electoral process. In 2019, there was a lot of noises to whether there was electronic transmission or not. In fact, one of the presidential candidates was allegedly strong electronically, if I may put it that way, until the electoral body that is INEC came out to say there was nothing like electronic transmission of results. Well, tech is here to stay now, and we are wondering how much of these can be homegrown and what kind of policies can make this come to be. Oladipu Po Polaji is a digital product manager and he joins us now. Good morning and welcome to the program. Good morning. I'm excited to be here. Okay. Well, everybody's excited in Nigeria, especially in this election because, like I said, there was no electronic transmission of elections before now. There was no BVAS, so technology has entered our electoral process and a lot of people are saying this might just be the turning point for Nigeria to have a free and fair election. But we still don't seem to know the importance of technology in Nigeria as a digital expert, as a technological expert. Give us just an insight as to how important technology is to Nigeria's economy as a whole. Yeah, thank you. So technology has come to stay and it has permeates every aspect of our life from our phones, from the way we communicate. In fact, everything around us, homes, schools, hospitals everywhere, we are now in an era of digital transformation, if we can say that. So it's not new to now see different government agencies deploying technology for different activities. So what are the drivers that is pushing technology, especially in Nigeria? So if you look at the future of technology in Nigeria, it's very bright because we have demographics, we have young people and young people that we have mostly, we call them digital natives. So they were born to operate smartphones. I don't know about you, but if you... Yeah, we were the... Digital alien. No, no, we call ourselves BBC, born before computers. So we came at a time the computers were not there, but we're grappling with it and trying to just fit in. But right now, from the look of things, I don't know if I'm wrong, but you are the expert, from the look of things, the youths that are mostly into technology may not have had that opportunity from when they should have had the opportunity. It's just something they have grown to meet and they are doing their best to fit into the technological world. But can there not be something that the country can do, the policies that can be done, to make sure that it is available to everybody, not just because you have a friend that has a smartphone and you're learning and all that, because there seem to be challenges and we have not even seen what kind of things that we can use technologies to do in Nigeria. I agree with you 100% plus one, if that is possible, because while I was in school studying computer science, the only place you can see a computer is at the computer lab, right? And some people graduate from school without actually touching a computer. But all that is changing now. The devices are becoming more affordable. We have a lot of startups promoting those innovations, training and all that. So I think the government also needs to support in terms of policy, have more digital incubation centers where people can go to and be able to have access to those physical devices, because all people actually need a way to experience those technologies and interact with it. Nigerians are smart people. Just give them that small opportunity. They will show their creativity and they will be amazed at that. So we need more investment in technology. We need investment also in infrastructure. Recently, you see what we've been going through using an ATM card to pay digital payment, transfer, not going network, because we're all of a sudden we're having increase in, you know, transaction. So we need that capacity to be able to undo that. And that capacity will come from government because there's only so much private investment can do. So in terms of lane fiber cable, those infrastructure, right of way for operators in that industry, lowering some of those costs, then exchange rates, because we are still, let's face it, we are still important dependent country anyway. So and as we are having those implementation in exchange rate market is actually not promoting investment in that sector as it should be. So if we could have that if businesses can plan to know this is the exchange rate, and this is the thing. This is government policy, at least for now is not going to change. And if it's going to change, we're going to have adequate information as to why it's going to change. We're going to be consulted as stakeholders, people can plan and we can begin to see investment in that sector. Like I mentioned earlier, the drivers are there. We have talent pool, people are very talented, ready to work, young demographic, we also have the market size. We are 180 million plus people and our language of instruction is English, which is a good market for technology. So we have all that. We just need that enabling environment that we always talk about. And those are the policies that needs to come in terms of education, STEM education. So we need to start learning coding from young, but not just learning it. We need infrastructure where people can go and practice and be able to innovate. So when that is at scale, we'll begin to see local solutions to our problems. So that's actually possible, that we can have local solutions to our problem to the standard, obtainable anywhere in the world. Just when we have the enabling environment. Sure, because if you look at it, every big companies, tech companies and everywhere in the world that you can find, you find Nigerians there also doing amazing things. So what's the difference? Environment, enabling infrastructure, environment, local support, especially at the universities. So we need our educational institutions to be up and be able to provide those curriculum that are centered around technology and what is happening now. So we don't want a situation where it's good to understand the history of what we're coming for, especially in computer science and code. But at the same time, we need to start teaching things that will make people ready for market. So the banks and everybody are complaining that people are Japan, that their technology experts are living abroad and cool. So that creates an opportunity for employment for tech people who are already a graduate to be able to fill their space. So that's the question we need to, that's why we need to upgrade our curriculum to be sure that as they are finishing school, they are ready to the market. No, let me just say, you know, on Saturday, we're going to the polls and hopefully we're going to have a new president. It must be a new president because the president administration cannot go back. So it's everything is going to be new, whether it's from the same party or a different party, but the figure ahead is going to be new. Now, if you had the opportunity to advise him on things to do first, to make sure that technology flourishes, because everything, even farming now is technology, education, everything is tied to technology. And if we don't start a deliberate attempt to make sure that we put the things that we need in place, we might not get to where we need to get to. So if you were to advise, let's say the president now, what are the first things you would say they should look into as policies that will enable technology flourish well in Nigeria? Yeah, we can't emphasize infrastructure. So infrastructure is key, but let's break it down. So we need telecommunication infrastructure. So we need that expansion in that area. So it could be a way of giving people more licenses to do that, to come and invest in that space. I don't know, but we need that telecommunication infrastructure. Very important. We've been able to manage our way around power. At least we're having alternate power, solar and coal, but it's still very expensive. So if we can get more done in terms of grid electricity, that would be fine. Then another thing that is also, I think, low-hanging fruit that we can begin to also do is to begin to address some issues by wealth policy. So one, getting our MDAs, ministries, department and agencies to patronize local solution provider, for example. So yeah, you could say that our solution may not be that beautiful in terms of the user experience, but if you don't give us that opportunity, it will not get better. So we can, at least when we are forming those projects in whatever, in that contract, ensure that there's a local partner in that. So the local partner could be handling the back end, while the more advanced foreign partners are handling the front end, or the local partner could be handling the front and back end, the foreign partner could be handling the security part of things till we develop that capacity to be able to do that. So another thing also that we can begin to do is to have policies that support cloud deployment. So when you deploy some of your infrastructure in cloud, the cloud has what we call agility and scale. So when you are eating it with traffic, it scales. Of course, you're going to pay more during that period, but you're going to satisfy your customer. So what that means really is that your transfer will never fail. Oh, I knew you had to bring that in. Yeah, because I knew I spent like two hours on Q yesterday trying to try different ATM card transfer and all that. So if we have some of those infrastructure deployed in cloud, just a matter of configuration, they will scale and be able to at least withstand this initial traffic that we're experiencing, then we can't over emphasize education. So we need education, not only learning what to do, but also learning best practices. So we need international partnership. At what point do we start that education? Because I don't know if the primary school you attended, you had opportunity of seeing a computer in school, but you went to the university, you studied computer sciences. There are a lot of people that they have a dream. They want to be computer experts and they want to do it in the university. But in this case, if we want this society to be technology compliant, I don't know if that's the word I would use. Where do we start from? Because when we're changing the curriculum, how do we change it? Do we change from bottom up or from top bottom? How do we change it or everything? So we need to go from bottom up top down. I don't understand. So top being the tertiary level, so that needs to change. And wanting to change there may not really be in terms of the CSC107108. It's just to be sure that those contents are things that we are teaching are market ready and relevant. So those theories, they are very good. They are the foundation of computer science. Those mathematics, those hard subjects, they are very good. But we need to bring it home. We now have the opportunity to find use cases all around us. So it's no longer as hysteric as to what is all this gibberish that this professor is talking about. So we need to change at that level. Then bottom up also from kindergarten. So that's what I mean by bottom up. Because from age one, our young ones are already interacting with computers anyway. The smartphone is a computer. So that means that we need to start teaching them what is coding, what is computer, how things work. And there are also programming languages at their level that are just drag and drop. They can use to create cartoon. They can use to draw animation and code. By the time you start exposing their mind at that level to that possibility of things they can create, even while in school, while in secondary school, they will start creating things, owning a company, forming a startup, teaching them businesses and entrepreneurship, you begin to see that you don't need to study computer science to be able to play in the digital space. Well, I don't know. When I first had an interaction with computers, we were like 350 in a class and there was one computer. I had a very long note, very big note that we were writing what is a mouse. We will define mouse like five pages of a mouse without touching it. And I discovered that after all these, I really didn't need all the the verbiage. I didn't need all the words that were given to me as book. I could have just touched the mouse and you tell me right click is this way, left click is this way. And because we didn't have access to that, I finished that course without knowing anything about the computer. I kept reading it and I didn't recognize it. I didn't know anything about the computer. Now this brings us to the cost of doing what you're proposing. If the government wants to do the kind of things that you're proposing, is it in this day and age? I'm not talking about when I started learning it, but in this day and age, is it that costly to infuse these things you're talking about in our curriculum and teach in schools? Speaking about cost, I would say yes and no. So no in the sense that we can just, you know, in computer there is control C, control V, because you should be able to remember that. I remember that. Copy and paste. So we can just copy and paste. So we have very good examples abroad. In fact, some of their curriculums are even open source. That means you can, from the social media, learn some of those things. So universities like Stanford, Harvard, some of those big universities have under the open courseware arrangements, release their curriculum, and even some of them, they are full classes online. So we can just copy and paste. So that way is not very expensive to implement. Of course, in terms of training and getting those infrastructures available, getting the boundary to all our universities and educational institutions, getting power available, you know, being able to have hosting infrastructure, because when you finish whatever you're doing, you need to host this somewhere on this server, somewhere on that server, you need to pay for it. So although we are not having local hosting companies in the country, which we do, we have three of them that I'm very aware of, and they are very reliable. Yeah, they're reliable. Are they also affordable? They are affordable in the sense that you pay in there. So you don't need to struggle for effects to pay all your foreign counterparts. So we need to encourage them to be able to scale up and be able to serve this local market that we have. So that is the area where you're going to have investment. But to just jumpstart, you just copy and paste. Okay. Now, the electoral system, we're excited that technology has entered. So before we wrap up, let's just look at it. People are excited about beavers. People are excited about electronic voting, not voting, electronic transmission of results. But can there be a time where we can develop to the extent that we can have electronic voting as well? Because I would want to vote in my village, because one of the reasons, I mean, Lagos, may be that things are not working well the way they should work in my local government. And I need to vote in someone that I think can change the story and all that. So I need to be able to vote even from Lagos for my candidate back home and anywhere I am in the world. So with technology, that's what people have been asking, that's what people have been hoping for, but I don't know how feasible that is. Is it possible that one day we can grow, especially with all these suggestions you've given to the next administration to the extent that we could have electronic voting? And then in answer to that one, I want to tie it to the fact that we have beavers and electronic transmission of votes. Does that give you any more confidence than you have had before in our electoral process? Okay, so talking about voting electronically, I think you already do that today. Do we? Yes, surveys. You feel surveys online, right? Yes, but election voting, we can't. So that's the same principle, right? So you have something to check, and you click on it and you get your result. So when you move it to the realm of politics, so it may just be whatever the political arrangement is, that may be the reason why you may not be able to have it or you may have it. So I don't know so much about that area. But when it comes to the principle of it, we already do that. So it's achievable. So the students, the writing jams, write CBT exams. They just click and click and click and they get their results. So the technology itself, the principle itself, we are already interacting with it. Interesting. So it's just the political will as it were to implement something like that for voting. But how bad rigging of that kind of a system is it possible? Okay, so your financial transactions can be exposed to fraudulent activities, right? So you have scammers and call. So anything that is electronic, that's why you have what you call data security, information security. So it depends on the level of your IT security. So of course you can break into systems. And that's why you also have practices that helps to prevent those things. And in technology, there's this balance between security and ease of use. So you add in your infrastructure so that at least to ensure that it's secured. So humans are the weakest link in any technology. So if you take care of the human factor, your technology is secure. Oh, okay. So Divas, electronic transmission, let's talk generally about this election. Does it give you more confidence now than you had before? Or you think it's just a failed state and nothing good will come out of it without technology or no technology? I have no opinion on that here. My man is trying to be careful. But at least you have said that whatever we've been dreaming of is affordable, achievable rather. Yeah, so technology enhances transparency, no doubt. And you have audio trails, you can get things. But you know, sometimes in many places, technology works best when it's not political. Why would you say that? Because of the interest that comes around it. So in banking, technology is working fine. So I know about that in FinTech. I know about that. But now that's a rain. Well, there is a lot of abracadabra when it comes to politics. Well, but we're hoping that gradually we'll get to that point where transparency, because of technology, will have such transparency that whoever comes to the throne as it were, we will believe that it was the people who spoke and installed whoever it is. And that alone helps to make the people have confidence in the government and feel a sense of belonging and feel a sense of ownership so that they can support the government as well. But for so far, I think we will thank God for small messes that at least we have the beavers and all that. The final word to the people, especially the youths who might want to venture into technology and the feel that the terrain is still too harsh for them, you are in it, you survived it. So let them know something. Yeah, there's never a better time to get into tech than now. You have a lot of information opportunities. The social media, the internet is there. You can learn anything just at the cost of data. So once you can get data on the phone, and I'll just advise them follow technology experts online, they are always ready to share, always ready to mentor, always ready to give back. So now they have everything to succeed, actually everything. They have the people contact. And we're also having companies now around us that are even big tech companies now opening shop in the country. So that's that's also another advantage. And it's also an area where you can sit down here and get remote opportunity. So you can earn in foreign foreign currency while you're in the country. So it's never, this is the best time for them to take that opportunity. And you don't need to study STEM sciences to be able to take that opportunity. So we have different career in tech, product management, user researcher, coder, project managers and all that. So even if you are humanities, if you study psychology, if you study sociology, you have a role to play in tech because tech is about people. Well, for the political magicians, because a lot of people just said that tech works better when it is not, it doesn't have politics involved in it, but we're getting there. And right now we're proud that our electoral system has some form of tech which is giving us the confidence that it will be a free and fair election, at least it will be transparent enough for us to see it as being free and fair. We've been talking with Oladipu Po biology who is a tech expert here with us today, and he's been giving us insight into the importance of tech and what the next administration needs to do to make sure technology or that sector of economy flourishes. Thank you so much Oladipu Po for coming on the program. Thank you for having me. Okay, we'll take a short break and when we return, remember that recently we spoke with a legal practitioner. We tried to x-ray the actions of the court and the actions of the Kaduna state governor, El Rufai, concerning the CBN or countering the CBN and even the president's directive over the Naira's scarcity. Barista, Abumere or Sarah, legal practitioner and not a republic spoke with us. Stay with us when we return. We'll bring you that quick.


English pronunciation practice with tongue twisters from espressoenglish.net Are you ready for some advanced English pronunciation practice? Try these tongue twisters. 1. Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers. Did Peter Piper pick a pack of pickled peppers? If Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers, where's the pack of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? A pack is a unit of measurement equal to about 8 quarts, or 7.6 liters. Peppers are a type of vegetable, and pickled peppers means the peppers are preserved in vinegar. 2. A big bug bit a bold bald bear and the bold bald bear bled blood badly. A bug is another word for insect.  3. She sells seashells on the seashore. The shells she sells are seashells, I'm sure. Or if she sells seashells on the seashore, then I'm sure she sells seashore shells. On the seashore means near the ocean or on the beach, and this is a seashell. 4. Swan swam over the pond, swim, swan, swim. Swan swam back again, well swum, swan. Swim is the present tense, swam is the past, and swum is the past participle. A pond is a small body of water, and a swan is a type of bird. 5. This is considered one of the hardest tongue twisters in the English language.  A sheik is a leader of an Arab family or village, and this animal is a sheep. Now let's try all the tongue twisters fast. Ready? 1. Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers. Did Peter Piper pick a pack of pickled peppers? If Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers, where's the pack of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? 2. A big bug bit a bold bald bear and the bold bald bear bled blood badly. 3. She sells seashells on the seashore. The shells she sells are seashells, I'm sure, for if she sells seashells on the seashore, then I'm sure she sells seashore shells. 4. Swan swam over the pond, swim, swan, swam. Swan swam back again, well swum, swan. 5.  Thanks for watching English Tips from espressoenglish.net. If you liked this video, please share it.


The paper discusses how the formation of mitochondria Christi, which contain the respiratory chain, is associated with the transcriptional upregulation of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, oxpose. The authors also identify a role for motif 1, binding protein, M1BP, which is involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Without M1BP, the quantity of assembled mitochondrial respiratory complexes is reduced, leading to aggregation of the proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. This causes the mitochondrion to form multiple layers of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is a previously unreported stress response mechanism. This article was authored by Gabriela Polyasikova, Marine Bathers, Thomas Rival, and others.


Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have been serving honorably in the Navy since the early 19th century. Throughout the month of May, the Navy recognizes Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders for their accomplishments and vinyl contributions to American history. This year's theme is many cultures one voice, promote equality and inclusion. It emphasizes diversity among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and also demonstrates their unity in pursuing equal opportunity rights. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders represent about 30 countries and ethnic groups and speak more than 100 languages. Commands are encouraged to increase their knowledge and awareness of the contributions Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have made. Check with your command to find out about events on your installation.