so as you know i said yes i am going to attempt one more time not two one more time i love you hi you look so good i think she's got little michael with her papa's home papa's home no more travel no more travel too much you're crazy look at that everyone do you know what this is the boys made uh stars w fly the w i put it up so i put it upside down and we're back everyone oh my goodness believe it or not true love and i we're actually home bodies we love being in our home 99.9 percent of the time we just love being at home with the kids uh this past five weeks has been incredible but tiring i didn't sleep last night hence the nespresso i'm drinking right now uh just trying to stay awake the rest of the day so i can sleep tonight oh my good what a journey we have been on and we've got a few items to call a little admin since we're back in the studio by the way a lot of new subscribe after a trip like argentina or uh amsterdam or new york there's always a uh a rush of subscribers welcome uh but if you're new you might be a little confused about what i'm doing standing out here this is actually technically my shed but it's filled with running shoes so this is where i film a lot of uh the daily vlog where we talk about training and races and uh all sorts of stuff and running shoe reviews so the nickname for the shed is now the shudio so this is where i record running shoe reviews in the studio here in the shudio shoe shoe shudio shoe shudio speaking of running shoes look what arrived when i was gone from running warehouse there it is let's open these up and yes i haven't forgotten about running shoe reviews it's just been it's just been insane oh also this is the last day of so i'm sorry about the audio it just doesn't sound it drives me crazy but i've ordered some new battery packs and uh for the lavalier so the audio will be back to normal tomorrow but uh it just you know this is part of part of the adventure is breaking uh video equipment along the journey so here we go what shoes do we have here oh my goodness oh my goodness are you ready for this this is uh this is a little bit of a surprise everyone again um for everyone that's new like i i run in all sorts of shoes i run in mizuno and hoka and soccany and solemn and innovate and on there it is in the house on is next oh yeah the next what is it what is it all the next on cloud flow there it is oh my my so listen on is a unique company out of switzerland i'll just say unique a very very different midsole and i will get you my first impressions next week after i am back from my running break so just so you know i am currently i am currently not running it's amazing um it's just uh and we'll talk about the transition back to training later this week but i'm on a break so my first impressions of this shoe will be happening next week oh interesting color it's kind of neat it's like an earth tone brown red very cool okay i'll put that there and yes a couple more points is that i have not forgotten about nikey either so it just i was planning to talk about nikey last week um basically on my way to argentina or in argentina it got too insane because i didn't have wi-fi in argentina like it was really really hard to upload the vlog every single day in argentina i actually ended up uploading at the local chamber of commerce they had the fastest internet in town it was crazy so anyway i have not forgotten about the topic of nikey and what's happening there um this week yeah now that i'm home oh this week i promise this week i'm not gonna say which day but uh this week we will talk about nikey okay diving into the olympic trials qualifier topic and pursuit and dream um again i'm trying to track down a two hour and 19 minute marathon before the end of january 2020 so that i can race in the olympic trials qualifying race in atlanta in late february um i guess it's like mid yeah january 19th is the last day so i have been mulling and thinking and uh reflecting on 2019 which has been an amazing year on youtube here uh in the running world but um it hasn't gone necessarily as planned but when does life go exactly as planned right when does a training block go as exactly as planned when does you know i gotta do better at this but when does a race plan unfold as exactly like you hope sometimes it does sometimes it doesn't and you just keep trying and being persistent so as you know i said yes i am going to attempt one more time not to one more time at an olympic trials qualifier but i'm an ultra runner who is transitioning back from 50 k's 50 milers even an attempted hundred mile transitioning back in distance to the marathon so i'm i still am putting myself in the rookie camp with respect to marathon training and racing um a lot a lot of people email me and say hey would you consider coaching me or writing me a marathon training plan and listen i have a lot of thoughts and ideas and i've listened to a lot of great great coaches uh who have coached olympians i was coached by uh an incredible coach in college mark wetmore so i've i've absorbed a lot of wisdom over the years 20 plus years are running but i would not want to be i would not feel comfortable being a coach right now or writing even frankly even writing like marathon training plans for someone until uh now i feel much better compared to a month ago before amsterdam like i gained so much wisdom from amsterdam in new york but um i'm still not quite there where i'm like oh yeah okay these are the workouts these are the this is the amount of volume uh you should be running in your marathon training like i've got a lot of thoughts but i'm just not nailed it i haven't nailed it down yet therefore i asked this question of the day last week seeking all of your wisdom i'll just say c i n houston and what distance is okay half full now i get it 104 for a half marathon is 452 a mile what so the answers to that question of the day down in the comments rocked my world i in the reason i asked it because i seriously was trying to seek out wisdom from all of you from especially the veterans out there who are you know really really experienced marathon runners um and wrote specifically road marathon runners and i read them i i think i got through all of them there's a lot of comments uh but from all of that in processing and i knew it would take me at least five days maybe a week and sure enough it took over a week to really nail down okay what is going to be my best chance to arrive at the starting line in atlanta for the olympic trials in the marathon and after reading after processing talking to true love right remember we've talked about how the family in my opinion if you know and it not everyone i realize not everyone's married or has a family but your your close friends your um your teammates your uh your local running club like they they might be able to shed some really good insights into big decisions with respect to what races you in fact for example my brother and i we're talking right now about our 2020 racing season and just bouncing ideas off each other so anyway true love and i we've been chit chatting and talking and at the end of the day i have decided along with true love that my last attempt at olympic and remember it's the half marathon or the marathon c i m so the california international marathon or houston that's basically the only options left there's other options but those are the two fast races with great competition and um the 106 53 in amsterdam really got me thinking about my speed and maybe i could track down a 104 half so you're probably ready like set spit it out all right here it comes i've decided that the houston marathon will be my light yes yes yes oh and i get it three marathons in four to five months is you don't do that don't do that this is a unique situation um i decided that my last you guys i think you guys probably think i'm crazy my last half marathon on the roads was eight or nine years ago i don't have the experience right now to go out and race 452 a mile even if i like i don't even know if i can get to that speed i think i'm i'm gonna just so you know in 2020 i am gonna race one half marathon maybe two but at least one on the roads at sea level so that's coming i'm coming for you 452s but in the next eight weeks nine weeks i just know that um developing that type of speed it's not enough time it's not enough time so therefore houston it is get out your iphones get out your go pros uh not only am i doing it but i'm actually in like i i got it i got the thumbs up from the race and so i'm in here we come uh i should know the date problem i think it's january 19th 2020 so i'm excited we'll definitely do a group run down in houston and with that said i'm actually excited and by the way i did not run today in these just just so you know and with and with that said um and i know the 2019 racing season is not uh over i'm done racing in 2019 i know it's not done for everybody uh but i just have to ask question of the day has your 2019 rate and think like if you're in high school or maybe yeah but think back to track indoor like it's january and february it feels like a long time ago for me but like think all the way back to january all the way up to the present we're almost in december has your 2019 racing season um unfolded as you expected or is it thrown you some curveballs i know it's throwing me some more curveballs and fastballs so uh that's the question of the day thanks for hitting it up thanks for listening to that and that is my final decision on uh one more attempt at an olympic trials qualifier again shout out to all the new subscribers from argentina and so good to meet all of you down there um this is a daily running vlog where we have a good time and uh i gotta go to bed i gotta go to bed so that said i'm gonna toss it back to uh amsterdam and new york race blogs on the right and the left if you haven't seen those from the last five weeks uh pretty exciting marathon races there all right everyone seek beauty work hard and love each other see you tomorrow


Well, thank you very much Stéphaneau and thank you to Interpol for convening this meeting. It's a great honor for me and it's actually good to be back. It was, I think it was in 2007 at the time of your third expert meeting in Ottawa that I remember coming directly from the opening of the Charles Taylor case in the Hague to Ottawa to address that group. And as you all know, though I left to join the Obama administration after concluding the prosecution case of Charles Taylor and my successor and team leader Brenda Hollis took over, we saw the conviction of Charles Taylor on all 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity this April and a sentence of 50 years in prison handed down by the judges in May now subject to an appeal that will be argued next month and resolved by next September. This case is one of many that at the international level have sent a very strong signal to all the world and that is that no matter how great the individual, no matter how prominent their position, even chiefs of state can be held to account and that signal sent in that case followed earlier signals sent by the ICTR where the former Prime Minister Rwanda was convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity. The cases at the ICTY were former President Milosevic of Yugoslavia was brought to trial where individuals like Mr. Mladic and Karajic are presently on trial. In my current job I travel the world, somebody asked me what it means to be an ambassador at large, they've heard of fugitives at large and I said well it's a little the same, you know you're sort of on the run because of the law but the particular cause that I champion is the effort to bring accountability for these crimes across the globe to weave together a fabric that will assure that those that commit these crimes, those who do the crime may indeed as we say in America have to do the time and that does involve last year I think I was on the road 224 days this year and well on the current trip this is day 11 of 26 and I'll be leaving tomorrow for East Asia and continuing on to several countries before I return to the United States in early December but it's part of the reason that I travel so many places is that everywhere I go I run into people who say we need help in establishing justice here, we had crimes sometimes in our past, sometimes in our recent past and you know where is the possibility of justice in our country and it's a demand that's out there I think an expectation on the part of victims that I think it's critical for all of us to work to fill so that we can achieve this dream that these crimes, these very serious crimes committed often in the course of armed conflict often by very powerful individuals often by people who think that impunity is their right that these crimes will be brought to justice and that the fugitives that accuse themselves if they're guilty will be punished. This afternoon I'll participate in a panel to talk about fugitives and I really want to salute the great work that Interpol and Stefano Carvelli has done on the fugitive efforts. I know I've been involved recently with him and our ICTR colleagues on some crucial cases and I really appreciate the way in which Interpol has become so active and so effective in drawing together law enforcement across this world and making possible the success in bringing these fugitives to justice. As my good friend Serge Brammer has noted earlier they've been lucky as he said but it's more than luck in bringing every single one of their fugitives to justice. They charged 161 people and there's nobody out there that remains at large. We still have the challenge that the ICTR of nine fugitives, six of them are cases to be transferred to Rwanda, three of them are to be cases if those individuals are arrested that will still be tried in Arusha at the International level and as Michelle spoke of their 27 accused individuals they have at least a dozen individuals that are out there that are fugitives from the law. We cannot allow the perception to be there that people can commit these crimes and get away with it that they can travel to various countries or various capitals and not face the certitude of arrest. But I'll talk about that to a greater extent this afternoon and these are in regard to international cases but what I want to talk about this morning briefly and others have already heralded it to Serge did that increasingly at the future we are going to be turning from the international level to the national level. We've already had I know historically I see friends here from Argentina who began the work of prosecuting these cases even before it were done at the international level but whether it's Bosnia or Serbia or the DRC we see the importance of the national prosecution services and investigators in bringing these cases to justice and the importance of sharing information, the importance of helping build each other's capacity at the territorial level is very real but I also want to emphasize the importance of non-territorial cases because I know when I was at the senior trial attorney and chief of prosecutions at the Rwanda Tribunal one of the things that we worked on a great deal was trying to share our information with national authorities of course with Rwanda the territorial country but also there were several hundred at least I know the Rwandans have identified about 300 key suspects that have gone off largely to the developed world that that are still being sought and we've seen incredible work beginning in Switzerland in 99 in their military justice system and going on to Belgium and I just hate to go through the list of countries because I might miss one it's now I think almost up to a dozen countries that are prosecuting these cases at the national level and certainly as I try to put myself in the mind of one of these war criminals or leaders certainly in the past they had a perception that they were going to get away with it that it was it was either going to be heads they win and they kept power and they kept their wealth by reason of committing these atrocities or if it came up tales they would go off to a safe and comfortable exile somewhere well that's not possible anymore now they're looking at the possibility that when they go to a country where they may already have a family and gone to school or cousins or others that are there and they're thinking they're going to be safe there that's no longer the case and that that perception that that there will be no safe haven I think is critical to what we want to create which is this idea that that you really can't can't get away with the with these crimes and I would note that these non-territorial cases are not just in in the north recently last month in Senegal working with our new minister of justice on the prosecution of a former Chad Indictator Hissen-Habre who finally now I think we can say with certainty will be tried in Senegal a budget has been raised of around 8 million euros and teams are being created the an agreement has been signed with the African Union to establish the extraordinary African chambers in the courts of Senegal to try Habre to appoint two international judges at the trial level and two at the international level to overcome problems with the retroactivity of the of the Senegalese statute and other immunities that that Habre may have and and they're proceeding with this case all of this is as I say part of a building this fabric we know in our national systems those of us that are fortunate enough to have effective systems of law enforcement and and of justice then when it comes to ordinary crimes then the prospect of having our house broken into or or being attacked and robbed or even killed on the streets the other ways in which we face dangers in our community that that risk is always there and in the nature of humankind but we know that effective investigation and law enforcement and response and and justice that convicts the guilty and doesn't let the innocent suffer that that is so important to making our lives safe and secure and making it possible for us to raise families and build businesses and hope for the future


Hey everyone, I hope you're well. Welcome back to my channel, or if you're new here, my name is Cepi. And today I'm getting ready for a very special event. I'm going to the National Reality Television Awards. So I was on the reality TV show for those of you guys who don't know. It's not a reality TV show. It's like a like documentary like experiment thing and it's called Rich Kids Goes Skint. I was season one episode two. There's only been one season so far but it's going for a second season. And it's been nominated for Best Experimental Documentary, I believe is the name of the title. So I'm just getting ready for that. I thought you guys should get ready with me, come along with me, we'll have some fun. And you guys can meet everyone who like the producers and everyone like that and just need to wet my beauty blender. And we'll catch up. This is the makeup look that I've gone for, like a smoky eye. I need to set it. A smoky eye and an eyeliner and I'm just going to jazz up with gold jewels where my dress now be back. So I just thought I'd show you guys my outfit before I go. This is the dress that I got. And I'm wearing it with my Le bouton that I got for my birthday that I've actually never worn before.  The rest of the vlog is going to be on my phone just for the NTA's bit. So we get to like the sign, a picture of our bag. I want the lamp on. If you do that, you just touch it. If you want to sign it, you've got to put a colour. Alright, I'll put a colour. There's no pink. And here you can put them. Love it. It actually looks brighter outside than it is. So last night had a lot of fun. I have a couple of clips for you guys. I'm glad I got to show you guys my outfit before I left because I didn't really get a chance when I was there. I had a really nice time. There was loads of different reality TV stars. I didn't watch Love Island this year. I wish I did because then I would recognise all the Love Island people and who else was there. I met Letitia Grace in the toilets and we were just talking and she is so nice. If you guys watched Million Dollar Baby on MTV, she filmed that with her boyfriend and her daughter. I met a boy called Kofi who was so lovely.  It was really fun but I did get home really late so I'm so tired. I have a presentation to give this morning. My hair looks all right now. I've brushed it. I was going to tie it up but I'll leave it down. I'm giving a talk on the project that I did this summer just to the people at the hospital that I'm working with right now. There's no pressure but no I'm quite good at this topic so I should be fine giving this talk. I've got like 5 minutes until I need to leave the house so I'm just going to put a little bit of make up. Not a lot just to cover my blemishes and then hopefully when I get back I have a half day because it's Wednesday. Hopefully when I get back I'll be able to do a face mask. I think that'll be really nice. I don't know if you can see the box behind me. There's a Louboutin box on top of it but the box only got delivered to me yesterday. It's a new pair of Louboutins. I got Netta Porte so I'll show you guys that. After the awards myself and Kofi and a couple of others went to a place called Zuma in Knightsbridge. It's actually like an Asian restaurant and it's a lot well it's like pretty much identical to Roca if any of you guys have been to Roca in London. It's a really a lot like that. We went there and just had some drinks. I had Virginitas and just chilled. It was really nice. Also shout out to the girl at Zuma. She was so lovely who came up to me and said she is a subscriber. It made my whole night. It was really nice. So this is my final make up. Just super chilled and the best dash. So I just finished my presentation. I'm off to a wood round but it went really really well. I'm super happy with it and I got really good feedback from the doctors. I was about 20 doctors. Super nerve-wracking. I kept my call. I like to keep my call. I'm good with talks. I think doing YouTube and stuff does help with that stuff but I've always tried to be confident because if you've tried your best at something then why shouldn't you walk into something with confidence? So yeah, it was really really good. I'm really happy with it and I'm doing another one again tomorrow to another bunch of doctors. So hopefully tomorrow's one goes even better. So I just got home from uni about 45 minutes ago and I'm heading out to do something with my mum. I'm working on something with which I need her help for. But before I go I really want to open up this box which has my new l'boutin in. So I thought I'd do that with you guys. I literally paper cut it on the cardboard. This is the most painful thing ever.  I hate paper cuts. Okay. Let's try again. So basically I saw these shoes on Netta Porte and I have a lot of... I don't have a lot. Some might say I have a lot, some might say I don't have many. But my favourite designer high heels are Christiana boutonnes. And a lot of them, like all the ones that I have are basically the ones that you can just wear for like dinners or fancy occasions or something like that. So I wanted to get a pair that was a bit more casual. Because the only pair that I have that's casual are my wedges and I love those. I literally always, I wore them all summer long. They were so comfortable. I wore them in can, like when I would go shopping. I wore them like all summer basically. My mum is literally standing behind the camera going sit straight. You know Iranian mums guys. So I really wanted like another comfortable pair. I wanted something that was, sorry, not just comfortable. I really wanted another casual pair basically. Something that I can throw on with jeans and it kind of matches well or just like a mini skirt and a jumper in the winter season. It comes in this Netta Porte box. I thought it would come inside a Christiana bouton box inside the Netta Porte box but it doesn't. And these are the shoes. I literally love them. This is my first time seeing them with you guys. So they are all denim around here. And then this part is perspex. So it's see-through and then the top of it is red and the spit is white leather. I feel like they're just such a unique pair that I can wear with like I said jeans. A dress and it's very day to night and I really like the thick heel. I feel like they're gonna be so comfortable and just so chic and perfect for every day. I would say they're about four inches. Yeah, four inches. I love them. So I'm gonna try these on for you guys so you can see what it looks like on. I'll be right back. Before I say I go, I got you off there. I have an allergy and my eyes is itchy. And all the time when I have very small problems, she come and record it. Everyone says you're beautiful. You are beautiful. Say thank you to all the nice people who say you're beautiful. Yes, of course. Thank you very much. Okay, so I love everybody. So just showing my mom, what do you think? This is gorgeous. Absolutely gorgeous. I love it and I think it's very comfortable as well, no? I haven't tried on the other pair. I've only got one shoe on.  Yes, I think it's really, really comfortable. Probably sometimes I can store it. Yeah, you can definitely store it. Me and my mom are the same foot size, which I'm really grateful about. If you guys ever watched my first ever luxury haul, which I filmed about a year ago, I quite like that video, check it out. My mom, I got her a pair of wedges from the Lebutonne Monaco. I love it. She loves it, but she can't wear it, so she gave it to me. Yeah. So yeah, it was basically, but she paid for it. So technically it was a gift from her to me. Of course. Love you too. I'm going to try these on, so I'm glad she likes them, but they're good because all of my ones that I have, it's very unusual. I love it because it's two different colors. All the other ones I have are very like going out, kind of like, you know, OTT, which is good. I feel like in the beginning when you're getting Lebutons, you should be getting going out like kind of OTT ones. But when you've got a few, I don't want to sound like I'm boasting because I really don't think like anything special. Like I've been collecting for many years. It's not like I've something just gone into a shop one day and bought loads. This is, oh, put this out there. This is the first pair I've ever bought myself. I love the red part. All of my other ones are gifts. I can hold it like this. I love it. No, no, no. I'll just show you guys. Can you put your hands up a little bit? Thank you. Lovely. Oh, can I have a look? Can you stay straight, please? It's really nice. I love it. So that is what they look like on. I need to fix my makeup. Yeah, she's going to fix her makeup. And we're going out together. We're going out. She's helping me out. There's something that I really want to do. And she's an expert. So I'm going to be getting her help.  If you guys have been to my channel before, then you'd know that I have half days on Wednesdays. So I try to make the most of them. And I have my personal trainer at 7. Let's go. And I'm lucky. I'm lucky, yeah. So thank you guys so much for watching this vlog. If you enjoyed it, then please give it a thumbs up. Oh my God, wipe it to my hair. And subscribe to me down below. It would make me very, very happy if I haven't said it already. And also don't forget to check out my socials. Doesn't it look like I don't have a neck with this? Don't forget to check out my socials. They'll be linked down below. But yeah, my Instagram is Persian Bunny. My Twitter's The Persian Bunny. And my snap is Sepi Samoy. And I love you guys so much. And I'll see you in my next video. Bye.


Hey folks, Andy here bringing you a monthly dose of Mantik goodness to let you know what's coming over the next few weeks so that you can stay well informed. 2024 is upon us with a bang and here at Mantik we're gearing up for an unbelievable year and that's starting right now. In the spirit of New Year, New Army, we wanted to make it even easier for you and a friend to get started with Kings of War this year and so we've launched a brand new two player ambush box called the Chill of Twilight. This set sees two fantastic starter ambush armies in the Northern Alliance and our newest faction the Twilight King. Perfect to pick up and get you and a friend playing in no time at all. Not only that but we've added three new ambush starter sets to the lineup with the Basilians, the forces of nature and the Abyssal Dwarves. This takes our ambush starter set total up to 12 different ones to choose from now so you have no excuse to not be starting a new army or adding to an existing one in 2024. Further exciting news for 2024 is that the Walking Dead miniatures game is coming back to the mantik range. The iconic post apocalyptic game makes its long awaited and much requested return to not only ensure long time players can continue their stories but also to give new players who want to dive into the world a fantastic way to get started. January will see the pre-orders go live for a number of different products. For those new players you'll have the choice of a brand new collector set which will have everything you need and will contain minis, rules, terrain and more. We'll also be launching a refreshed Walking Dead all out war anthology book which will include all of the rules and expansion content and for those of you who just want to get started with the basics they'll be an essentials box which will contain just the rules and dice and things to get you playing. For you veteran players who are longing for new stuff we're also introducing the Commonwealth alongside new storylines that will allow players to explore uncharted territories and face fresh challenges from both walkers and other survivors. Keep a close eye on our socials to know when these pre-orders will go live. This month's Manic Vault has a whole host of fantastic stuff. For fans of Deadzone we have a range of nameless units including scuttlers, assassins, gunslingers and the mighty magnumite with its massive claws. If you're more of the seafaring type and you're like a bit of a martyr then this month sees some elf ships sailing into the vault. You can have your very own elf cloudrunner as well as the XL ship the Valendor alongside the elf dragon flyer. Hopefully for our Kings of War fans then you've been blessed with Abyssal Dwarf Two-Handed Weapon Upgrades, Salamander Corsair Upgrades, Fire Elementals along with some full Basilian models. Don't forget if you've been with us in the vault since the start or you're coming up soon to your 9th month then the month 9 reward is available and it's the huge nameless goliath for both Deadzone and Firefight so don't miss out on that. Here at Matic HQ we're also working super hard on Epic Warpath to get it to the best that it can be for you all to back when it hits kickstarter on February 14th. We'll be bringing you some painting and how to play videos in the build up to the launch so make sure you sign up to be notified when the kickstarter goes live and subscribe to us here on YouTube to make sure you're notified when those epic warpath videos are here to bring you all of the information that you need to know. That's it for January's edition of this month in Matic, let us know what you're looking forward to getting your hands on and from myself Andy and everyone here at Team Matic I wish you a very happy new year and may all of your dice and paint brushes be blessed with positive energy.


Going on everyone Sam here late in sports car driven two boxes of 23 leaf autograph football jersey edition boxes for Darren W It's a good luck there. Let's do it. That's probably just wrong then because there's no way they're gonna place first in with no auto I don't make any sense. Oh Geez strife buying a jersey god.  I love it. Yes. He did All right starting off with a Xavier worthy nice one there the Texas jersey the burnt orange Grats on that Place first like you that's pretty cool. This is a eldridge rice eldridge. This is a beer worthy Probably use it right it doesn't know it does. You're right. It does look too big, but all right. Good luck here Darren Let's see another one Gotcha, that's all we got there Nice Justin Fields on the orange very nice congrats on that his autos on These jerseys have been immaculate congrats on that one Darren. That's freaking awesome, dude That is freaking awesome Justin Fields on the orange Very nice We'll take that that'll do it for your break there Darren. Thanks again for the support buddy. Get him right out to my man


What is going on everybody? Welcome back to my channel. For those of you who are new around here, my name is Michael AKA Dr. Chalini. And I'm in my sixth and final year of training in interventional radiology in New York City. Now on today's video, we are going to be doing more medical TikTok reactions. You may have seen my prior video where I did some medical TikTok reactions. I was actually the first to do it.  I did it back in quarantine and if you check the past video, you can see how absolutely terrible my hair looked or maybe don't check it, my hair was terrible. Let's go ahead and get into this edition of medical TikTok reactions from a doctor. Let's go. I can't decide if I should be like over here or over here or right here. I don't know. Anyways. All right, so before I get into these TikToks, I want to first address the elephant in the room. And that is my dead orca in the background. I think it lasted like a week and it died, but apparently they come back to life. So if anybody knows how to revive an orchid plant flower, whatever it is, let me know. All right, first take time. That is so true and I know Paula, Dr. Berberon, my optometrist friend probably knows this all too well. I remember the very first time I went to the optometrist and they told me it was going to be like a puff of air and everybody was like warning me about how terrible it was. And then it's just a puff of air but everybody always freaks out. Next. Hi, I'm Chelsea, I'm the PA taking care of you today. So I see that you're here to establish care. I just have a few questions for you. Do you have any medical problems? Nope, none of those. Okay, great. Do you take any medications? Oh, just metformin. Did you say metformin? So you have diabetes? No, because the metformin takes care of that. Okay. Do you take any other medications? Oh, Lysinoprol. Lysinoprol? So you have high blood pressure. Nope, no high blood pressure. That's what the Lysinoprol is for. So that's not how it worked. So this is so true. So many patients think because they're taking their diabetes medicines or they're hypertensive or high blood pressure medicines that it is treated or cured and they no longer have that issue but that couldn't be further from the truth. If you're taking the medications that is important to tell your doctor or your provider because it affects management. But so many patients you'll ask them if they have any medical history and they always say no but then they list off like all these medications for chronic medical issues. It happens all the time. Next. Oh my God. What? That makes no sense at all. It's hilarious because I totally understand that I've been in those shoes before. When you're a med student and you have to get those evaluations.  Oh man. When you have to get those evaluations signed you're like scared to ask the attending and it's almost impossible to even find them to be in with. So, yeah, that's funny. God, that's funny. I need to watch that again. Much later.  I needed that. Okay, next. That's what I always do and they never catch me. Ain't nobody gonna catch me.  Yup. That's what I do. I always take everybody's pens. Not by choice. It's just an accident. And so many people walk away with my pens too. I swear if you go up on the floor and try to look at a nurse's station there's like no pens around ever. Next. I don't wanna do this. Please don't pick up. Please don't pick up. Hi, is this Tony? Hi, this is... I know a lot of junior residents and junior nurses especially too when they have to call the attendings and you're always scared that you're going to say the wrong thing. And if you have to wake them up in the middle of the night you want it to be for a true emergency.  So it's always a little scary. Been there. Yeah, just give me one moment. I'll see if he's available. Do you mind if I put you on hold? Great. She's really nilting this. Hi, thank you for holding. Yeah, he's in a meeting at the moment. He said, can he give you a call back? Okay, I'm ready for that number. Got it. Okay, you have a great day. That's a veteran receptionist. She knows that a doctor is way too busy and there's no sense in even trying to get a hold of him. Next. All right, ma'am, I'm gonna do your X-ray. Can you tell me your name? So anyways, I told him, hold on. Can't you see I'm on the phone? Well, I'm gonna do your exam if you're ready. If not, I can call someone else. Hold on, this person is being so rude. I'm on the phone. Can't you wait? So you can finish your phone call on the hallway. I'm gonna grab the next patient and I'll let you know when I'm ready for you again, okay? Yeah, no, she's trying to rush me off the phone. Like my conversation doesn't matter. Yeah, I waited 10 minutes for her. And now she's trying to rush me. I'm right here. I can literally hear you. No, no, it's fine. I'll get off when I'm done. Yeah. No, it's totally fine. Okay, I'll be back for you. Smith, I'm ready for you. Hold on, I know you did not just call somebody else. I know you did not just do that. Ma'am, I have 16 patients and you're on the phone. So I will get to you when I can when you're done your conversation. I understand it's important. So go ahead and finish. That is my biggest at-heave. When you walk into a patient's room and they're on the phone and they don't even stop the conversation, they just keep talking. It's so rude, first of all. But if you're at the doctor's office, seeing the doctor, get off the darn phone if a doctor walks in the room. It's just like a respect thing. Get off your phone when someone walks into the office, nurse, doctor, whoever walks in, they're there to help you and you should put your phone down in the conversation. It's not as important as the reason you're there. Try to be crazy. Next. What happens if you wake up in the middle of surgery? Many years ago, there was a young man who woke up in the middle of surgery while they were removing part of his colon. He jumped off the operating room table and ran out the door exiting the hospital. But eventually he came back to the emergency room, carrying his intestines in a Lululemon bag. True story. No way. 50, no. What did that say at the end there? Oh, it said just kidding. I was about to say it. There's no chance that's real. Next. Crazy facts about your body. Part two. People with blue eyes are actually more likely to develop an addiction to alcohol than people with brown eyes. Researchers believe that because of a mutation on the 15th chromosome, people with blue eyes end up having a higher tolerance to alcohol than people with brown eyes. And because of the higher tolerance, they're more likely to develop an addiction to alcohol. So if you got blue eyes, you might want to be careful how much you are drinking. I have blue eyes.  I didn't know that fact. That's very interesting. But I do have blue eyes and I don't have a problem with drinking. And I don't have the high of a tolerance either. So maybe I'm the exception. Interesting fact, though. Next. Is there anything I can help you with? Anything you need? Nope, not at the moment. Let me know. You can go home. Okay. Gosh, that brings back memories of third and fourth year of medical school. You're at the mercy of the residents and the attending physicians. So you can't really leave until they say it's okay because ultimately they fill out all of your evaluations. So, yeah, just, yeah. You just kind of have to hang around and waste time. But luckily, I remember all this stuff and anybody who grotesque with me as a med student, I'm gonna send you home early because I know what it's like.  I'm gonna crush on the ophthalmology stuff today. Those are some interesting facts to end this video on. So, first and foremost, make sure you follow me on TikTok because apparently I started doing TikTok now and I'm going to continue because someone has to represent Interventional Ideology on TikTok and I will take that responsibility. So make sure you go follow me. I'll put my profile up here so you can go check it out. It's Dr. Chalini, Dr. Chalini, like every other social media platform. So as always, smash that like subscribe, comment, and Instagram as well. If you don't already, leave a comment below if you want me to react to more TikToks or if you have funny ones, send them my way and I'll react to them as well. Otherwise, see you all on the next video.


From the SiliconANGLE Media Office in Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE. Now, here's your host, Stu Miniman. Hi, and welcome to a special CUBE conversation here in our Boston area studio. I am Stu Miniman, and we're digging in with Dell EMC on data protection in the multi-cloud era. Happy to join, welcome to the program. First time guest. Nelson. Nelson Chu, who is the director of Solutions Marketing with Dell EMC. Nelson, great to see you. Great to be here, thank you Stu. All right, so you and I were both at CUBECon plus CloudNativeCon with about 12,000 of our friends in the open-source community down in San Diego, California. Why don't you bring us in first? It's probably not the first place that people think of when they think of Dell EMC, so explain a little bit what the team was doing, the announcements there, and what you were seeing at the show. Sure, no, I appreciate that. It was our first time for Dell Technologies. It was kind of our coming out party, we all went into the CloudNative realm. We've got a tremendous amount of momentum, especially obviously around Kubernetes, between what we've done in the data protection space with our PowerProtect software for Kubernetes, what we've done in our storage realm in the work that we've done around container storage interfaces. So a lot of that was coming out and introducing that to the CUBECon and CloudNativeCon attendees. I think it was a really good timing though. Yeah, so Nelson, we've been watching, the role of the developers, the discussion of DevOps of course is central what's happening, not only at CUBECon, but many of the Cloud shows there. I know at VMworld, you see what's happening on with the VMware code team. So explain how kind of the Dell Technologies Cloud partnership with VM, or how that all pulls together for activities that your organization's doing within the DevOps. Well, you know that we're right there, right? It's all about DevOps. It's about the developers. It's about the new world of bringing CloudNative applications and driving them into the production environment. I think that, you know, we heard that at VMworld with Pat Gelsinger and where his pillars of, you know, build, run, protect, connect are key aspects. So, you know, if you look at that management component, protect falls right into that area, right? Because with the growth of data as we're seeing it today, the need to manage that in a CloudNative realm becomes even more prevalent and important. You know, we've seen DevOps mature over the last couple of years, right? You see, you know, we had 8,000 people in Seattle, right? Now we had 12,500 of your best friends and it's just going to grow, right? I'm sure you saw that, right? Yeah, absolutely, huge growth there. And I'm glad you brought up the protect thing because when I think about developers, we want to reduce the friction for developers to be able to build their apps. You think about DevOps is, you know, keeping agility going. But, you know, where is the data and how do I make sure that, you know, we know when we go to a Cloud world, we still need to think about security. We still need to think about data management and data protection there. So, explain to our audience how that protect piece fits into the DevOps world. Well, you know, for first, we should clarify a little bit, right? Because like over the last two years, everything's been about security within containers, right? And that's great because you're protecting the applications and people are worried about penetration there. And it's been fantastic. And I think that today, specifically around the aspect of securing the application and now securing the infrastructure is key. You know, storage has become a very, very relevant topic, whether it's like persistent volumes taking center stage, right? When it comes to client-native apps moving into production, because it's about protecting those mission-critical workloads. And as you just stated, you have your applications, but at the end of the day, your data is really the capital, right? And that's what you really need to focus on. It becomes a greater importance when you have that holistic discussion about DevOps, right? And so now we have the aspect of the Kubernetes administrator meets the IT administrator, right? And having to be able to protect through this application transformation that's being driven by cloud-native complexity and that traditionally was disaggregated from the infrastructure. But now as you mature and you look at those production and mission-critical environments, you really have to pay attention to how am I going to protect my data from the edge to core to cloud and in that cloud-native world. Yeah, definitely is one of those areas we found at the conference, for many it's a steep learning curve to try to understand, you know, Kubernetes, all of these cloud-native architectures. If you come in there with a traditional infrastructure role, it was actually something we were discussing more a couple of years ago was some of the basic blocking and tackling of networking and storage inside of a container environment. But now a lot of discussion is around that application development and therefore we need to make sure that we're having not only the app dev, but the infrastructure team all understanding how everything goes together and protection, of course, a critical piece there. Oh, absolutely. And if we look at all the different projects that are underway under CNCF, I mean, it's fantastic, right? I mean, there's so much momentum. Everyone's now also looking at that infrastructure, right? I mean, last year was all about the service mesh, right? So I think that we're at that inflection point that now it's going to be a lot about the storage and protecting that storage. If you look at Project Valero, right? So Project Valero is an open source project under CNCF, right? Being driven by the work that was done by the active formerly known as Heptio, right? So we've got Joe Bieta, right? You've got Craig McClocky and the work that they've done and it started out as ARC. Well, now Dell EMC and specifically obviously the Data Protection team is working and contributing hand in hand with the VMware team on Valero. And I think you'll see that resonate through the future of Tanzu and Pacific as we go forward. Great, let's connect the dots now between what we're doing at the CNCF, KubeCon show and now we've got AWS re-invent coming up. So Amazon might not let us use the word multi-cloud in that context there, but absolutely that was the conversation at many of the other shows this year is hybrid cloud, multi-cloud, how customers get their arms around all these environments. So help us understand how this story that we were just talking about a cloud native environment fits into the broader kind of public cloud discussion. Oh, absolutely. So I think one of the key aspects to that is around consistency, right? So being able from a data protection perspective be able to protect all that valuable data that you have whether it's in premises, where it's in cloud, where it's multi-cloud or hybrid. And you want to be able to protect that holistically using the same capability that you have from your premises base into or out of or within cloud. So I want to be able to within AWS be able to protect my data from region to region, right? So we've got a great offering for VMware cloud on AWS. It allows you to protect into and within the cloud itself. So you can protect in and extend out to the cloud. Yeah, definitely probably one of the most interesting partnerships I think the industry's been watching the last two years is VMware and AWS, the dominant virtualization in your data center environment and the leader in public cloud. So looking forward to hearing some proof points at the conference, any give us a little bit of hint as to what we'll be seeing and hearing about at the show? Well, I think you'll hear a lot about that consistency with regards to observability, orchestration, automation, automation becomes so key that you take your workflows for data protection from premises to the cloud and having that consistency. I think you'll also see some pretty, pretty significant numbers coming forth with regards to how much data is being protected in AWS. Okay, definitely looking forward to that. Always looking forward to the customers. All right, Nelson, want to give it the last word. What else should we be looking for your team kind of end of 2019 and going into 2020? Well, you know, I think it all starts with cloud and multi-cloud, right? That's our core focus. That's where we're driven to. I think you'll see innovation, especially in the cloud and data space that we have. I think you'll see further innovation in the cybersecurity and the cyber recovery space around data protection. So I think those are really key elements that you'll see more from. Yeah, absolutely. Super important discussions around data, around security and everything there. Nelson, thank you so much for joining us here in theCUBE. Stu, thank you. All right, be sure to check out siliconangle.com for exclusive content leading up to an after AWS reinvent of course and check out theCUBE.net. If you're not at the show, if you are at the show, come to the center of the show floor at the Venetian inside the Sands Convention Center. You can find myself, Dave Vellante, John Furrier and our whole team there for three days, wall-to-wall coverage for our last big show of the year. And I'm Stu Miniman. Thank you for watching theCUBE.


Meine Damen und Herren, herzlich willkommen zurück.  Wir hatten für diesen Saal der 160 Plätze hat eine Überbruchung ungefähr um 100 Prozent. Um einigen mussten wir leider sagen, also es ist so voll, es wird kein Platz mehr sein. Ich freue mich sehr, dass mein Kollege Ben Scott aus seiner Sicht zu unserem Thema sprechen wird. Ben und ich haben uns kennengelernt beim Beitritt der Bundesregierung, der Bundesrepublik zur Freedom Online Coalition in Tunis. Nachdem mein Mandat ausgelaufen ist, haben wir uns getroffen und haben überlegt, was tun wir in einer Situation, in der eine Technologie, die wir beide für zukunftsbestimmend und für wesentlich für unsere beiden Länder halten, so unter massiven Beschuss steht, und was tun wir in einer Situation, in dem auch das transatlantische Verhältnis, was wir auch beide als wesentlich für unsere Länder betrachtet haben, so unter Beschuss ist. Was können wir tun, um zu einer Wiederherstellung von Vertrauen beizutragen und das Privacy-Projekt war das Ergebnis dieser Überlegungen. Deswegen freue ich mich sehr, Ben, auf deine Worte her. So, ich fange an mit eine Entschuldigung. Ich habe gedacht, dass ich doch diese ganze Vortrag auf Deutsch machen kann, aber leider geht es doch nicht und deswegen wechsel ich zu Englisch, aber ich verspreche, es ist besser so, weil ich sagen kann, weil was ich sagen will. So, ich hoffe, es ist nicht zu viel Konvenienz. Ich erinnere mich, dass ich darüber verspricht. Ich bin in Deutschland jetzt für 2,5 Jahre alt. Ich bin für zwölf Jahre in Deutschland geblieben und meine Kinder counten jetzt mehr Deutsch als Amerikaner. Ich habe die Snowden-Affäre von der perspektiven Perspektive von einem Amerikaner in Deutschland gearbeitet. Das hat meine Kritik von meinem eigenen Regierung und meine Analyse auf das, was Deutschland kann und sollte, um die Probleme vor uns zu lösen. Mit diesem Gespräch möchte ich drei Dinge machen. Zuerst möchte ich zurückkehren und darüber sprechen, wo wir in den Progressionen der Reform post-Snowden stehen. Ein kleiner Hintern, nicht sehr weit. Zuerst möchte ich darüber sprechen, was das große Problem ist. Zuerst möchte ich eine spezielle Agenda geben. Strategien für strategische Interventions in Politik haben wir das große Problem geblieben und helfen uns zu fixen, dass das Problem keine Progression gibt. Wenn wir nach 18 Monaten nach den ersten Snowden-Revelationen schauen, können wir einiges sehen. Zuerst haben wir einiges gesehen. Die Publikum-Autrage in Europa hat eine sehr seriöse Disruption zu transatlantischen Relationen.  Es ist nicht nur in Brüssel und Berlin, sondern auch in Washington. Es hat auch für schnell Veränderungen in Law und Politik, von den Städten, von großen Sektionen in der Industrie und von politischen Leaders geblieben. Und noch einmal, obwohl das größte Schandal in modernen Intelligenz-History ist, 18 Monate lang sind es keine Veränderungen. Die Hälfte des Momentes ist fadend.  Und sogar diese Herausforderungen sind jetzt weniger frekant. Die meisten Länder haben jetzt mit der NSA eine hohe Erkommendation gemacht. Und nicht nur eine europäische Landwirte hat versucht, um ihre eigenen Werte zu verabschieden.  Kein clear Prospekt für eine Rente. Warum ist das so? Warum haben wir so little Progress? Ich denke, für zwei wesentliche. Das ist ein sehr schwieriger Problem zu lösen.  Und sie sind nicht so schlecht. Sie sind verabschiedet.  Also, was ist die größte politische Konsequenzen von der Snowden-Affäre, in Deutschland, in Europa und in den USA?  Die größte Konsequenzen sind nichts. Bezüglich alles, das du heute Morgen hattest, alle großen Diskussionen über was kann passieren und warum ist es urgent, dass es passieren soll. Die größte Konsequenzen, die wir als Zitizen in der Post-Snowden-Ara in der USA haben, haben wir das große Zero, unless wir etwas tun. Das große Zero ist sehr frustrierend für die Anwesendungen des Menschenrechts und des Civilis. Das große Zero ist demoralisiert für die öffentliche Konfidanz in der demokratischen Regierung. Und trotzdem, dieser große Zero ist nicht besonders überrascht, als der reale Politik. Und wir müssen auch über diese Skandle und Problemen denken, nicht in dem Sinne von soforten Lösungen, sondern wie ein langes Spiel.   Denn es gibt große Konsequenzen für das große Zero. Very serious consequences. They are not immediately visible, but these serious consequences will affect every single one of us over time. What is the message that we send to the average citizen when they see that no changes have resulted post Snowden? The message that we send them is that neither technology nor government are trustworthy. And the combination of technology and government should earn either their skepticism or their hostility. What does that distrust look like? How will it change the relationship between people and technology over time? How will affect the relationship between governments and their peoples? How will we evaluate the value of civil liberties and human rights standards when we ourselves in democratic countries do not uphold them? The full effect of the Snowden Affair in its early stages towards the Internet is still in its early stages, but I think those consequences are going to mount. And yet we can see in consumer behavior no evidence that that's happening. Why is it that most people have not changed their behavior towards technology despite the fact that they are now aware of a global surveillance machine? Why is it that people in fact they know these are blinking, beeping, tracking devices? Why is it that people still search the web and shop online and document their lives on social networks? And why is it that only a small fraction of people bother with end-to-end encryption technologies, even though they've been available for 20 years? As I see it, there are three possible reasons. Reason number one. I don't know about technology. I don't read the newspaper. I haven't paid attention. It's all passed me by. Second reason. I know that I'm being surveilled, but I don't care. In this category come people who have embraced the openness of the Internet as a platform of exhibition. In this category come people who are happy to trade security for liberty. And in this category of people come those who say when I balance the possibility of being surveilled one time in my life by the NSA versus the everyday use of technology, I'm going to take the latter. The third reason is I know what's happening. I care about it. But what can I do? I've given up. There's a recent poll done by the Pew Research Internet project that gives us some insights about how people fall into those categories. And the Pew study, which admittedly was a survey of Americans, a Pew study said 5% of Americans have never heard of the NSA affair. I don't know what cave they live in. But 91% agreed that consumers have lost control over how communication is collected online. And 80% agreed that people should be concerned about how government is monitoring their communications. What that tells me is that the vast majority of people fall into category 3. I know my data is being collected and surveilled. I don't like it, but I can't do anything about it. What we're watching is a serious transformation in what you might call the normative understanding of technology. And what is emerging is a normative cynicism. I understand the problem. I'm upset about it. I consider all the solutions futile. I can't take technology out of my life anymore. That's not realistic. And I also don't expect the government to stop surveillance projects that I think are illegitimate. So what can I do? I just go about my business. All of that normative cynicism are quite serious. Think about for a moment what was the normative understanding of technology three years ago during the Arab Spring. Newspaper said Twitter revolution. It was the heyday of cyber utopianism. The internet was the great liberatory technology. A decentralized platform of communication that empowered political movements and lowered barriers to entry into the world. Now this vision was flawed and exaggerated and ignored concerns about security that were made at the time. But that normative view was deeply held three years ago. Today we've seen a decisive shift. Today the normative view about the internet is that as a technology of social and political control an der obsidian view of the internet as a tool of manipulation. And while that dystopian vision is also exaggerated and ignores many of the positive things that technology brings to our lives or overshadows them, that normative cynicism is also deeply held. That is a massive shift to happen so fast. Three years. Attitudes have changed. The impact is not transacted on a daily basis. The impact does not mean I'm going to throw my phone in the trash when I get home tonight. The impact is systemic and changes my behavior over time in ways that we cannot yet measure. But we can hypothesize about what these changes will look like. We can be pretty sure that the failure to address the Snowden problem will result in a loss of faith or, shall I say, more of a loss of faith in democratic government. And that loss of public confidence in democratic legitimacy at home will translate into the loss of moral authority and credibility of democratic governance in the international community. Second hypothesis. People will begin to lose faith in technology. And while I may not give up the tools that I use today far too far integrated into my life, I may be more hesitant to adopt tomorrow's tools. And for those people who have not yet experienced the internet revolution, they will be walking through that door with a completely different attitude towards those technologies. That matters. That matters because it changes the dynamics of the internet and digital communications networks as a tool of soft power in the world. The utopian vision of the internet was powerful for a reason. It's because that decentralized network that puts billions of people in contact with information and communications technologies is a powerful social tool of progress and liberation. It is also a powerful tool of control and manipulation. It is a question of law and policy which one has the upper hand. Because cumulatively the power of the internet is not the Twitter revolution. It is not the creation of the next Google. The power of the internet is three, four, five billion people getting access to information and communications on a daily basis for the small things that they do every day. It's not on the front of the magazine. It's not counted in a GDP statistic. But it changes the world. And that is what we stand to lose with normative cynicism. So that's the bad news. The bad news is that the consequences of doing nothing as a result of the Snowden revelations are deeply, deeply worrying. But the good news is and I was very pleased at the discussions this morning the good news is that there is still a strong feeling that there are opportunities for reform. That there are opportunities to change things. And that there are corrective forces in Democratic self-government. But we have a window of opportunity to begin making these changes. And it won't last forever and we need to move now. We can't waste more time because no result is an unacceptable result. The normative cynicism that we see descending on the internet community is an unacceptable result. And I believe that most nations, Democratic nations will not only seek to change policy because it's the right thing to do and they will do it because it's in their interest to do it. We heard earlier that nations don't have allies, nations have interests. I think that's sadly true. But I think protecting an internet based on legitimate rules and standards of human rights and civil liberties is in the interest of most nations. And it is incredibly short-sighted to sacrifice that interest in exchange for business as usual in the shadow world of the intelligence community. Key question here is how will we regulate power on the internet? Whether you're a subscriber to the utopian view or the dystopian view of the internet, what we're really talking about is power through technology. Now the key to the Snowden debate, the key to the reform movement that will come out of it is about how we handle that power. And when we talk about power on the internet we're talking about trust. Do I trust that the internet has more to offer me than it does to take from me? But trust at the end of the day is really about legitimacy. Legitimacy is the core of the Snowden problem. Is the system of government that constrains and oversees the application of power on the internet legitimate? Do I believe it will constrain those things which harm my interests and encourage those things which benefit me? Legitimacy is the key to a successful alignment of political views in Germany for German policy on surveillance. Legitimacy is the key for an alignment of views in Europe and ultimately legitimacy is the key to a transatlantic solution. But it's a complicated problem for many reasons. One of the reasons is that as we heard this morning Americans and Europeans have very different understandings about power. In order to understand the NSA you have to understand American exceptionalism. There were many Americans who were appalled at the Snowden revelations who felt that the US government had gone too far. But at the same time they were also proud because the power and capability of American military is deeply ingrained in American nationalism. That contradiction is very difficult to understand in Europe and even more difficult to understand in Germany because Germany has its own exceptionalism. German exceptionalism is the mirror image of American exceptionalism. German exceptionalism is about controlling the application of government power. Limiting and constraining the application of hard power. And so that is why Germany and the United States are two opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to democratic societies debating the relative legitimacy of surveillance policy. And yet this contradiction is not lethal. This contradiction is misleading because we are also dependent on one another. Europe is dependent on the hard power that American military and intelligence forces bring. That's a fact. Look what's happening in the Middle East right now. Europe is supporting the United States spending and military force on the ground in a fight against ISIS. But the United States needs the legitimacy that Europe brings to international affairs and foreign policy. We want that shared legitimacy and to get that shared legitimacy we have to have a dialogue about the control and constraints placed on that power. That's a relatively easy to see in the hard power applications of military forces. But the same thing is true in the application of digital power and that's what this debate is really about. How do we begin to modernize a common understanding of legitimacy in the application of digital power between democratic states, historic allies? Where does that begin? I think and again this echoes much of what we've heard today and what you heard today I think is notable to say is very new. It's the first event that I've been to where the conversation was not about the NSA but about German law. What can we do at the national level? Because this debate begins at the national level. We will authority to go to their neighbors and ask them to do something that you do not do yourself. Reform will begin here. Then it will go to the European level and only then can it come to the transatlantic level and I think these solutions will have to be based on common interests and not on a threat of collapsed relationship or economic exclusion. It's a difficult bridge to get across because for many the only and most important villain in the Snowden story is the NSA but the truth is more complicated. Consider what's happened in the Bundestags Inquiry Committee. The NSA has uncovered very few new facts about the NSA but it has uncovered a whole lot of new facts about the BND. My friend Georg Moskolo Brocken should have been a bomb in the middle of this debate and yet somehow it wasn't. We need to go back and pick that up again. The cooperation between the agencies is not an isolated incident. This is a 40-year planned operation. The laws governing surveillance in Germany and in other European states are not that different than the laws governing surveillance in the United States. The capacity and technological capability and budget that the Americans bring to the table is vastly different but the law the legitimacy of these operations is based on the same ideas. And if we want to change that at the transatlantic level we're going to have to change it here. That's why I think Germany should embrace its exceptionalism. Embrace the idea that Germany has perhaps the greatest amount of credibility in the world of any country when it comes to constraining the power of government. Barack Obama can talk all day about how he's not going to do the things that he could do and most people won't believe him. German leaders stand up and say that people believe it. That is powerful. That is a pathway to building legitimacy at the European level. And that could make Germany the Weltmeister of legitimacy when it comes to surveillance policy. But it's going to take time and we have to think about this as a long game. And if we ask the hard questions first we're not going to play very long. If the first question we ask is we want a no spy agreement and we want every country in the world starting with the United States to live up to its obligations under human rights law we won't get very far. That's what we've been doing for the last 18 months and it hasn't worked. Not that I'm ready to give up on human rights law or first principles but I think we need to begin the long game with a strategic intervention that asks the easy questions first. And maybe they aren't even that easy. I think we can't threaten or punish the United States into compliance with the European idea of civil liberties on the Internet. We have to persuade them that it is in their interest to do so. How do we do that? I think we start with a set of questions and some of them have come up already today. We start with a set of questions that will open the door to dialogue because there is a common interest in resolving them. In my company I have a lot of data. This is the question about if I am an American company and you are my customer and your data is stored on a server in Germany who can get access to that data? Right now American law says that any company with a headquarters in the United States incorporated into the United States is subject to US law and any server no matter where it is located in the world is in the technical custody of that company and therefore all data located on any of those servers no matter who it belongs to no matter where it is located is required for delivery to an intelligence agency or a law enforcement agency that has a court order. By the way, that same law in Germany the differences market difference American companies that are headquartered in the United States have about 90% of the data in the world. But if the situation was reversed it would be German law or French law or British law that was called into question. So we have a common interest in talking about territorial access to data because it is fundamentally about in the old days before the internet before Google and Facebook and Microsoft if the FBI wanted the phone records of a German citizen how would they go about getting that? First they would have to go to a US court and demonstrate evidence that they needed those phone records and they would get a document and that document would then be delivered to the German counterparts to a mutual legal assistance treaty and we have reason to believe that this individual who is your citizen is a criminal or is involved in criminal activity and 99% of the time when it comes to German-American relations that request would be honored German law enforcement would pass that request to the Deutsche Telekom and that data would be delivered back through the channel. The moment when the two governments discussed the evidence related to that data request was the moment that policy became legitimate because the presumption of the public is my government will not grant ridiculous requests for access to data from other governments and as a result those other governments won't ask wasn't that much more complicated than that but now the technology has changed and when the FBI wants access to the data of a German they don't need to go to Deutsche Telekom and as a result they don't need to go to the German government they can just go to Google or Facebook or Microsoft or any company that is headquartered in that country and it is not the fault of those companies that they are subject to those laws they are subject to American law in the same way that SAP is subject to German law in the same way that Alcatel is subject to French law we have a common interest in solving the legitimacy problem in the base of extraterritorial data access second strategic intervention also mentioned today industrial espionage it is one thing that unites the German government and the American government on questions of espionage both promise absolutely that they do not engage in industrial espionage well if nobody is engaged in it then they won't mind prohibiting it and they won't mind setting up institutional controls and oversight to make sure that it doesn't happen and that would also create a very nice international opportunity to challenge other countries to get out of the industrial espionage business third point in my strategic intervention list cryptography and certification the internet is built on a set of standards and certifications for hardware and software most of those standards and certifications at the technical level are built by quasi public institutions and private standard setting bodies dominated by American interests not for some conspiratorial reason but simply because that's where those standards were invented and that's where those companies existed and that's where the network was credibility of those standards and certifications is going down there's an opportunity now for someone else to step forward and say we have a little bit of technical know-how here and we can build standards and certifications for everybody to live up to and comply with that will give consumers and citizens more confidence in technology fourth point transparency and oversight we had a whole panel on it this morning so I won't belabor the point but parliamentary control should be more than four hours a month it's a clear and obvious opportunity to change things to give people more confidence in their interests in response to this problem these strategies may not sound terribly sexy certainly not as sexy as no spy but they might actually work and I'm worried right now that we're going to get the big zero if we don't start moving forward on questions that are answerable in the short term and that can force a dialogue and that can begin a process of engagement between countries who have a common interest in reestablishing legitimacy in connection technologies it's a long game we're going to be talking about this for the next decade or more we haven't made much progress so far it's time to change that thank you very much


Welcome to this session on osteology of the abdomen. In this session, we will be revising the lumbar vertebrae as well as the bony pelvis, okay? So, let us begin with the lumbar vertebrae. So, here we can see the five lumbar vertebrae as we had learnt in cervical vertebrae as well as thoracic vertebrae. There are some typical and atypical vertebrae. Similarly, in lumbar vertebrae also, the upper four lumbar vertebrae are typical lumbar vertebrae whereas the fifth lumbar vertebrae is the atypical lumbar vertebrae, okay? And when we speak about lumbar vertebrae, is there any cardinal feature for a lumbar vertebrae? Just recollect the cardinal features for thoracic vertebrae and cervical vertebrae. For cervical vertebrae, the cardinal feature was foramen transversarium, right? And for thoracic vertebrae, the cardinal feature was presence of costal facets, okay? So, is there any cardinal feature for lumbar vertebrae? The answer is no. Lumbar vertebrae does not have any cardinal feature. It is identified by exclusion. That means absence of foramen transversarium, absence of costal facets, that means it has to be lumbar vertebrae, okay? Now, let us cover the characteristic features of a typical lumbar vertebrae and then I will cover the atypical lumbar vertebrae as well. So, here we can see the typical lumbar vertebrae. The first lumbar vertebrae is seen clearly. So, in general, when we study the vertebrae, the vertebrae has got two parts. One is the body of the vertebrae and the remaining part is referred to as the vertebral arch. Okay? So, total components are included in the vertebral arch. This is the pedicle of the vertebrae, then the articular facet, superior inferior articular facet, then transverse process, okay? And this broad plate of the bone, the lamina, then the two lamina connect in the midline. This is the spinous process, okay? So, all these components are included in the vertebral arch, okay? And this opening which we can see behind the body of the vertebrae and in front of the lamina, this is the vertebral foramen, okay? And just above and below the pedicles, there are vertebral knots. This area is the superior vertebral knots and then this area is the inferior vertebral knots, okay? So, what all are the characteristic features here? In the body of the vertebrae, the shape is such that it is referred to as kidney shape or reny form shape and the anterior posterior diameter is less as compared to that of the transverse diameter. Then the spinous process is characteristic, it is quadrangular in shape, okay? Then the direction of the articular facets, superior articular facets are directed medially, inferior articular facets are directed laterally. Then there are few processes of the tubercles which are seen here. In the transverse process, there is a projection which is called as accessory process. Then the superior articular facet gives the projection along the posterior aspect that is referred to as the mammillary process, okay? So, these are characteristic features. I am telling this is the characteristic feature, not the cardinal feature. Why? Because these features will be also seen in the 12th thoracic vertebrae, okay? That is why we cannot say that this is the cardinal feature for lumbar vertebrae, okay? So, this was about the typical lumbar vertebrae. Let us see the atypical lumbar vertebrae that is the strip lumbar vertebrae. When we see the strip lumbar vertebrae, the body of the vertebrae is the largest as compared to that of the other lumbar vertebrae, okay? So, large, massive body of the vertebrae will be seen and when we see the posterior aspect, the superior articular facet is facing posteriorly whereas in a typical lumbar vertebrae, the articular facet was facing medially, okay? So, superior articular facet facing posteriorly, inferior articular facet facing anteriorly as compared to that of facing laterally in a typical lumbar vertebrae, okay? So, these were the main differentiating features from the typical lumbar vertebrae. When I said the largest massive body, another is the direction of this articular facet, okay? And also if we try to connect this articular facet, it will form an imaginary horizontal rectangle in this region, okay? Whereas in a typical lumbar vertebrae, if we trace here, the l1 vertebrae is forming a trapezium, then other vertebrae are forming vertical rectangle or square, but this strip lumbar vertebrae, if we connect the four articular facets, it is forming a horizontal rectangle, okay? This is important for differentiating the individual lumbar vertebrae. There is a rule which is called as faucet's rule which helps in differentiating the individual lumbar vertebrae, okay? Now let's cover the applied anatomy with respect to the lumbar vertebrae. The first lumbar vertebrae may fuse with the sacrum, in that case it will be referred to as sacralization of the lumbar vertebrae, okay? Or else the first sacral vertebrae may be separate and may not fuse with the other sacral vertebrae. In that case, it will be referred to as lumbarization of the sacral vertebrae, okay? So these are two terms which are described. Then the first lumbar vertebrae may have a rib, so that rib is referred to as the lumbar rib, also referred to as the gorilla rib, okay? Then there are two clinical conditions described in this region. One is referred to as fondylolysis, another is fondylolisthesis, okay? Fondylolisthesis means the body of the vertebrae is separated from the vertebral arch, okay? And fondylolisthesis means the listeris means protrusion of the vertebrae. The vertebral body will be protruding forward, okay? Then there may be intervertebral disc prolapse. This prolapse between L4 and L5 is very common and when we say disc prolapse, it is the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc that protrudes forward and it compresses the nerve root, okay? If a single nerve root is compressed, it is referred to as radiculopathy, the pain will be referred to the region of that nerve, okay? If multiple nerve roots are involved, which will form the sciatic nerve, so that clinical condition is referred to as sciatica, okay? So pain radiates along the course of distribution of the sciatic nerve, okay? So this was all about the lumbar vertebrae. Now let's move on to the bony pelvis. So bony pelvis is formed by the two hip bones, sacrum and the coccyx. First we'll cover the sacrum in detail. So here we can see the sacrum, viewed from the anterior aspect, so what all are the parts of the sacrum? This upper part is the base of the sacrum, this lower part is the apex of the sacrum and there are four surfaces, anterior or the ventral surface, posterior or the dorsal surface and there are two lateral surfaces as well, okay? You see the ventral surface, there will be transverse striations will be seen in the region of the fusion of the body of the adjacent sacral vertebrae, okay? And these openings are referred to as ventral sacral foramina, okay? And the base of the sacrum, it is formed by the body of the first sacral vertebrae as well as this region is referred to as the ala of the sacrum. The word ala means wings, okay? So this region is in comparison to wings. So this region is referred to as the ala of the sacrum, okay? Then apex, this region articulates with the base of the coccyx, okay? This midline joint is the secondary cartilaginous joint, the joint between the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum. This is also a secondary cartilaginous joint. Now let's cover the sacrum from the posterior aspect. The sacrum view from the posterior aspect, we can see the spinous process, the fused spinous process of all the sacral vertebrae, except the fifth sacral vertebrae. In this part, the spinous process is not fused and it leads to an opening here. This is referred to as the sacral hiatus, okay? In the opening of the vertebral foramine, which continues in the sacrum, this opening is referred to as the sacral canal, okay? The sacral canal is in the upper aspect, sacral hiatus is in the lower aspect, okay? And in the posterior aspect, there are sacral crests which are described. There is a median sacral crest formed by the fusion of the spinous process and there is an intermediate sacral crest formed by the fusion of the articular processes of the vertebrae. And there is a lateral sacral crest formed by the fusion of the transverse process of the vertebrae, okay? And these openings are referred to as the dorsal sacral foramina. Here we can cover the attachments also. So this U-shaped marked structure, which you can see, this is the attachment of erector spinae muscle, okay? And the gap between this U is occupied by a muscle that is multifidus muscle, okay? And in the lower part, this area on the enterolateral aspect of the sacrum as well as the lateral aspect of the coccyx on the posterior aspect, this area gives attachment to the gluteus maximus muscle, okay? It has multiple points of origin. This is one of the points, okay? Let us cover the attachments on the anterior aspect as well. On the anterior aspect, in the a lobe of the sacrum, in the lateral part, this region, the muscle is E acus muscle, okay? Then here we can see the E-shaped origin of a muscle. This muscle is pyriformis muscle, okay? Then when we see the lower part, the enterolateral part on the anterior aspect, this muscle is coxegious muscle in the upper part, and in the lower part, the muscle is levator anion, okay? So coxegious occupies the upper two coxigial vertebrae, and the lower two coxigial vertebrae is occupied by levator anion muscle, okay? And what is this written here, O-I-L-S, these refer to the relations in front of the a lobe of the sacrum. From lateral to medial, the relations are obturator nerve, iliolumbar artery, lumbosacral trunk, and the sympathetic chain, okay? So these are the relations from lateral to medial, easily remembered by mnemonic oils, okay? Then in the midline, the sacrum is related with the median sacral vessels, this adjacent to the midline, there is sympathetic chain, then sacrum is also related with the rectum, till the lower two and a half pieces of the sacrum, it is related with the rectum, okay? So this was about the description of the sacrum, and the structures passing through this opening, the ventral sacral foramina will transmit the ventral rami of the nerves, and the dorsal sacral foramina will transmit the dorsal rami of the final nerves, but as you all know on the dorsal aspect, there is a muscle, multi-pedus muscle discovering the openings as well, so the dorsal rami of the nerves will pierce the multi-pedus as well as the erector's final to reach the back, okay? Then in sacrum and bony pelvis, the sex determination is also important whether it is a male sacrum or a female sacrum, for that the most important or the most characteristic feature for identification is the ratio between the ala and the body and the opposite ala, okay? In males, the ratio is 1 is to 2 is to 1, okay? The body will be twice as wide as compared to that of the ala, okay? So the ratio is 1 is to 2 is to 1 in males, and in females, the ratio is 1 is to 1 is to 1, okay? That means the width of the body is equal to that of the width of the ala, okay? And there is something called as sacral index, which is breadth upon the height of the sacrum multiplied by 100, it is about 116 or more in females because the breadth of the sacrum is more. The breadth of the sacrum is more in females, why? Because the ala of the sacrum is wide, okay? That's why the ratio is 1 is to 1 is to 1, okay? So sacral index is more in females, it will be less in males, and this point also you can say the ratio between ala, body and the opposite ala for sex determination of the sacrum. And also the shape of curvature of the sacrum, if you see the curvature, in males it is a smooth, C-shaped curvature, okay? Whereas in females, it is an abrupt curvature is referred to as day-shaped curvature, okay? This pelvis is of male, so that's why all male features we are able to see. Also in the bony pelvis, if we see for sex determination, the subcutic angle is the most important feature. The subcutic angle is acute or less than 90 degrees in males, and it is more than 90 degrees in females, okay? Now let's cover the other features of the bony pelvis. So the sex determination we covered about the subcutic angle, what all other questions can be asked in bony pelvis? First of all, you should be clear about the individual hip bones, okay? Any part of the hip bone may be asked, okay? Then the pelvic inlet and outlet, the boundaries of pelvic inlet and outlet can be asked. So we should know, there's something called as pelvic brim. Here we can see this purple colored marked structure, this is the pelvic brim. So the structures forming the pelvic brim are important, we'll cover the structures one by one. So in the midline, there will be pubic symphysis, the secondary cartilaginous joint, right? And there is pubic crest, then if it raise forward, there is pectin pubis or the pectinial line, then there's an elevation here that is referred to as the heliopubic eminence and which will continue as the arcuate line, so on the medial aspect of the hip bone. This line is referred to as the arcuate line, then it will reach up to the sacroiliac joint, then the anterior margin of the aloe of the sacrum, then anterior margin of the body of the sacrum, okay? This anterior most projection is referred to as sacral promontory, okay? So once we raise the sacral promontory, we can continue on the other side as well as that it becomes a complete circular structure that is referred to as the pelvic brim, okay? While describing the pelvic brim, there is a line called as linea terminalis which has been described, which includes this pubic crest, pectin pubis as well as the arcuate line, okay? So if we just raise this entire line, that is referred to as linea terminalis, okay? And when we trace it completely, so that will be the pelvic brim, okay? So all these margins are also forming the pelvic inlet. So above this pelvic brim, this whatever area is seen that is referred to as false pelvis and inert to this the area which is seen that is referred to as true pelvis, also referred to as lesser pelvis, okay? Now let's cover the boundaries of the pelvic outlet. Here we can appreciate the pelvic outlet, so it will be formed by the pubic symphysis on the anterior aspect. Then this is the ischio-pubic ramus connecting the ischium and the pubis, ischio-pubic ramus and the ischial tuberosity and connecting the ischial tuberosity to this coccyx and the sacrum there is a ligament which is referred to as the sacro tuberous ligament. So sacro tuberous ligaments will form the boundary of the pelvic outlet and posteriorly in the midline there is coccyx, okay? So all these structures will form the boundaries of the pelvic outlet, okay? Boundaries of pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, why this is important? Because when you study the passage of the birth canal, okay, so all these diameters are important. So we will be repeating these things in the final year obstetrics, okay? So in final year obstetrics by also you will be asked about these things, okay? And in obstetrics there is something called as conjugates which are described with respect to the pelvis. So what do we understand by conjugate? It is the distance between the pubic symphysis and the sacrum but there are many points which are described. I will just quickly brush through one by one. One is referred to as external conjugate which extends from the upper margin of this pubic symphysis to the spine of the first sacral vertebrae, okay? That is on the posterior aspect that is the external conjugate and there is one true conjugate which extends from the upper margin of the pubic symphysis to the sacral promontory that is a true conjugate. And there is a diagonal conjugate which extends from the lower margin of the pubic symphysis to the sacral promontory, okay? Clinically this diagonal conjugate is very important because this can be measured in the clinic by per vaginal examination, okay? So this diagonal conjugate becomes one of the parameters to assess the pelvic outlet, okay? Then there is one conjugate which is referred to as obstetric conjugate that refers to the smallest diameter between the pubic and the sacrum, okay? That is a obstetric conjugate. And when you study more in details, we will find that there are various types of pelvis which are described, gynaecoid pelvis, android pelvis, anthropoid pelvis, platypalloid pelvis, okay? Details of all this you will be learning in final year obstetric, okay? So this was all about this particular session. If you all want PDF handout, you all can send a WhatsApp message at this number and please do watch the other sessions of this YouTube channel, okay? Thank you.


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