And the room is silent. Good evening, everyone. My name is Caroline Bowman and I am the director here at Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum. Welcome to all of you to the Enid and Lester Morse historic design lecture. Thanks to the tremendous support of trustee Deni Morse and her husband Lester, this important program series brings historians, scholars and designers to Cooper Hewitt to grow our understanding of design as a social and cultural force in the world. This is the 15th program to date in the series. And tonight we are celebrating the installation of our magnificent Surtut de Table in the exhibition Tablescapes. I hope everyone enjoyed Tablescapes' Designs for Dining earlier this evening where the opulent centerpiece is once again captivating audiences after a nearly 30-year absence from public view. The focus of a recent technical study and conservation treatment by the museum's stellar conservation department, its 54 cast and worked metal elements are now restored and assembled to a state of splendor. A video in the gallery shows our conservators meticulously wiping away the grime, a painstaking effort that took over 200 hours to complete. And our digital interactives demonstrate how conservators used highly specialized photography to reveal the virtuoso craftsmanship of the designer Pierre-Philippe Tommier. To provide insight into the Surtut significance as an elite table setting for the family of Napoleon Bonaparte, I am delighted to welcome Dr. Ulrich Leibn, one of the foremost authorities on the history of European decorative arts and French interior architecture. Dr. Leibn is a friend of Cooper Hewitt and a longtime faculty member of the Cooper Hewitt Parsons School of Design and Master's program. A valued consultant for numerous collections, he has also curated exhibitions dedicated to European furniture for the Bard Graduate Center, Waterson Manor and the Rothschild Collection. In charge of the conservation of the collection of historic furniture at the Palais-Bournais in Paris, Dr. Leibn is the author of the recently published monograph, Empire Style, The Hotel de Bournais. For his talk, Dr. Leibn will draw from his research on the spectacular Palais once owned by Napoleon Stepson, Eugène de Bournais, to discuss the thematic connections of the Surtut's ornamental grammar to the design of the hotel's interiors. Cooper Hewitt has an exciting non-stop program in store for the month of December and I invite all of you to join us for it. On December 4th, just around the corner, Design Historian and Cooper Hewitt trustee Marilyn Friedman will discuss her latest book, Making America Modern, Interior Design in the 1930s, Not to Be Missed. And on December 11th, Sarah Kauffin, our recently retired head of the Department of Product Design and Decorative Arts, returns to Cooper Hewitt to share her insights into the culinary history of the Surtut de Table, Also Not to Be Missed. And finally on December 14th, we will open the Road Ahead, Reimagining Mobility in the Barbara and Morton Mandel Design Gallery on the third floor. Featuring 40 projects and proposals for more sustainable and equitable urban environments and means of transport, yes, including all sorts of drones and robots, the exhibition will be a catalyst for conversations about how we might move people, goods and services in the future. So please join me in welcoming Ulrich to the stage. Thank you, Ms. Barman, for this very warm introduction. And thank you very much, Dini and Lesra Morse for inviting me and letting me speak at this wonderful possibility with such a wonderful auditorium. And thank you also, Vasili Kjernopoulos and Sarah Kauffin for guiding me and giving me their ideas for what they actually wanted for the evening, which was very helpful. And I hope I'm up to the task to give you a very nice insight with this, which goes with this splendid exhibition, which we saw upstairs. So now let me see if the technique works. Voila. So I'm going to actually, we saw the table decoration, the suit too, yesterday upstairs in the wonderful dining room in a very splendid setup. And I was just saying to one of my colleagues that I could just walk away with it and take it back to the Hotel Buane, because I'm seeing it in its full splendor and very nicely restored. I think it would perfectly fit onto a table in a dining room, which we just restored. And we don't have the table set and I'm about to buy another table to bring it back to the room, which was changed over the two centuries. And so it's very interesting to see it now in this resurrection and this wonderful restored form here in the Coupe Eau Huit. So the Hotel Buane is an old Parisian mansion, which dates from 1723 has been changed over several times, has changed ownership several times, and it's currently used as the residence of the Ambassador of Germany in Paris. And so far it's a historic mention, it's preserved and it's taken care of in a very particular way, not to the very pleasure of the Foreign Office in Berlin, who is very kind of careful that we don't spend too much money on silk and gilding of furniture. But there you are, you have a responsibility and what is very nice in this very long history of the building, it's had also been for political, for the historic reasons taken away from Germany and restituted. But what is actually very interesting is that it is a German embassy under French law of inheritance. So when we do any restoration, we can always refer to the French authorities and say they say we need to do it like this, which is actually a wonderful in-between and helped us already a lot of times out of a difficult situation. Now what I see, I show you here is a picture of the residence in about 1820, when it had just been acquired by the Prussian King Frederick William III as a Piedotère during his days in Paris. Piedotères of that size were actually normal at that time. The Tsar had one and the British King had one too, which is the British Embassy today. So King Frederick William from Prussia just did the kind of same thing and he had this house furnished with things which he bought from Eugène de Boarnet and there were other things which he had to acquire. So I have to say that the King of Prussia would have not seen the table set which is upstairs because Eugène de Boarnet was very careful in shipping lots of art objects and of nice furnishing elements of that house to his new home in Munich where he lived as an emigre, no longer being able to come back to France after the hundred days of reconquering France of Napoleon. So he realized that he would never come back. That was the reason why he sold his house and that was the reason also why artwork was shipped from Paris out to other places. Now the history of the Surtut which is upstairs will be detailed in more in the historic details by Sarah Coffin in the next lecture on December 11th. I just come to one picture to talk about table set. What is very interesting in the European history is that table decorations could be as drastic as the kind of real swan which was really also eaten as swan was eaten. This is a table decoration made out of Serviette pliée folded linen napkins and we had a display in Waterston Manor for table set with linen folded napkins. There is a gentleman from Spain who has specialized in re-creating these kind of shapes and it just gives you an idea what different kind of things of table sets we could have. The table set you see on the lower screen is another one by Tommier. We know about officially in the literature about 20 of those big bronze table sets they are dispersed today between San Francisco the Museum of the Legend of Honor and also as far as Russia and Naples and they were often given as a wedding present or also as a present as a diplomatic gift to an in-law or like from one sovereign to another so the one in Waterston Manor we know was given by King Louis the 18th to an Italian count. Now table decorations can change over time as we see with the wonderful table set sorry it's the technique it's with the table set upstairs and then also I compare this with a modern table set a table arrangement with a very nice amusing chandelier which was done by the Campana brothers and that is an installation in Waterston Manor and you see right where what our lordship Jacob Rothschild loves is to clash the 18th century with the kind of very modern recycled art from the Campana brothers. It's kind of challenging but it works apparently very well and the the public loves it and so here we go and we bury the 18th century and give the Campana brothers the full credit for their wonderful creations. Now the Hotel Boine has a much older history than what we see today it started off in 1723 by the famous architect Bofran for whom it was a real real estate operation. He built three of these big mansions in a row. The Hotel Boine is the only one which survived to this day 1723 and was rather little changed the front got an Egyptian Porsche but the back has the incredible view on the River Seine as it was intended by Bofran in the 18th century. The addition by Eugène de Boine in about 1803 was the Egyptian Porsche which seems to really been taken out of the vivants and non engravings which were coming up at that time published at that time and which brings us already to the clash of the ornamental language which was used here and we know that Yvonne de Nord was one of the earliest the first Europeans who went in the campaign of Egypt with Napoleon to Egypt and they really documented archaeologically what they saw and so we see elements from temples which are well documented today in this wonderful porch with those capitals the Horus and the colonies of the Temple of Dendra. Now the Hotel Boine is situated in this very famous situation overlooking the River Seine and also looking over to the Tuileries where of course Eugène knew that it was the residence of Josephine his mother and his stepfather Napoleon so this dashing young gentleman in a picture which is in the Royal Collections in Sweden today shows him as vice king of Italy which he was named to be in 1805 and shows him right in a very dazzling surrounding from the uniform up to the furniture around here it's all very very smashing and very very voluptuous and showing the kind of taste of this young prince for opulence and luxury which also goes with the fact that he bought his surdue table from the best furnitures of the Empire who were available in Paris. The surdue upstairs is about I would say like four meters long which is precisely the size which would work for the dining room in the Hotel Boine. It's constituted of fantastic elements which I will present you in different details and this is the room where it should be standing and no you don't laugh because I got really many ideas this afternoon seeing it in situ. So this room was restored to its 1810 appearance last year and this year we hope to have the means to buy an appropriate historic table which I'm already chasing to put back here and then the king of Prussia because he had no longer the table set you have upstairs he bought another one which is not too bad and which we're going to try to put on the table there these surdue would be very appropriate also to use as a table decoration a permanent table decoration when the table was not constantly in use and these elements were baskets with flowers which could have fresh flowers or artificial flowers and those wonderful candlesticks which you which you see examples here. This is the mise-en-scene of the table set by Tommier which is in Waterston Manor which was bought by the present Lord Rothstein in order to find another layout for the dining room table at Waterston and it's very atmospheric and it gives you an idea how beautiful this would be arranged with of course flowers fruit and the candles glittering and you get an idea of this with the wonderful paneling in the dining room upstairs and the splendor of that effect of the gold which was glimmering with this wonderful candlelight something we often forget today with this harsh electric light which is surrounding us and of course the the rooms in the Hotel Boine they were made for all these wonderful artworks this are rooms which we have already restored and in a way we work a lot with engravings as I will show you later but we try to reiterate the color spirit and the splendor of the Empire period. This is the Salon vert which is the first room to be restored 10 years ago with curtains in silk with a very wide braid which is woven on a hand loom in Lyon after a pattern from about 1802 this is the library which was restored back to a color scheme which had been hidden under white washed wall paint for about a hundred years we were able to recreate and find the colors by doing sondage and taking samples from the different coats on the wall and the library cabinets which are standing here are original and they have been kept in situ since the early 1800s. This is another view of the library and I show this to you in order to compare it here with a wonderful watercolor by Percier which a friend who was here tonight alerted me because this drawing went through a sale in New York and we were very happy because it was just showing exactly the same scheme for a library in a palace which we found in the Hotel Boine in a more private setting and all these elements with the arches and the big cabinets as they were used in the Hotel Boine. Something which I found preparing this lecture and which was not intended because we didn't know this when we did the carpet this is a carpet which was woven for the room after a model which is kept in the French National Archives for textiles in the Mobile Nationale and I come back to this later and we had it re-woven and here you see the same kind of pattern on the ceiling so it's very interesting when you work with historic resources and that's now I'm working myself into the way of making the link with the Smithsonian Institution and the collection here in this house we need those collections and those fragments and those engravings in order to be able to assess the heritage it's not the decorator who has a fancy idea or the interior designer who has a fancy idea we need history we need documents if we go with historic material we need to be kind of thorough to look at evidence and that becomes very clear when we look at the room schemes which are documented in engravings as they're kept upstairs here in the library or in the wonderful print and in drawings collection these are all examples which are here in New York in the Coupe-Eauette collection by Percier and by other artists and they just illustrate in a very very minute and very clear way in how far a contemporary designer artist or you know researcher can rely on them and when you look close on them there is a one drawing upstairs which is this one which I was able to retrieve from the internet there is so much detail and if you go close to them you can travel with your eyes for a long period on these incredible documents and you don't need to go to Paris or to Berlin to see them you have an incredible collection in this very building here and Gail Davidson made this incredible show of the Thor collection interior views and there were amazing treasures to be rediscovered or to be discovered and then again to show you what you can do you look at one of those three drawings and then you see what we did in the Hotel Boine with the with the pink room the cherry red room and you understand in how far these rooms which are there the room shell is just there what you need to do is to recreate the draping to choose the right colors to have the right materials not to take plastic textiles but to have the real silk and to use cotton for the for the curtains on the windows and to clean the gilding and have water gilding and not taking oil gilding or brush gilding and then the whole thing just revives and comes back to something very nice what is also very interesting is that we do very much take the detail for descriptions of the inventories the inventories describe curtains on the window redo the vitrage they are hated by the ambassadors because it obfuscates the view into the garden and they want the view into the garden it's a good German Bauhaus style you know you want to look into the garden so we bring them in but we skirt them rather high so we we are loyal to the document but people have the view into the garden so you have to to play tricks with them to in order to convince also what we reintroduced was for example and this is just one sentence on conservation is the glass domes on clocks they were cleaned like you clean the surto here and then we put them under domes if we have the money to afford those because they cost a little fortune and so we hope to protect them for the next generation also before and after this is a bench we found in a secondary room we were able to retract the bench into the gallery so we wanted to restore it and we choose textiles in order to replace this rather tetey and worn wool velvet with something more sparkling which corresponded to the color scheme which was described in the room where this bench had been placed originally so again we use archivals here again from a silk weaver in in Lyon and they have these archives now partially in Paris and they bring them also if you want them to see and to study and that allows you to recreate something of that scheme here even a more flag-fragrant example this is an armchair appalled certain in the 1960s this is the same armchair after the process of our conservation with a silk which is based on a document of which there's a little swap preserved in the Mobile Nationale and this is a visit in the attics of the Château de Fontainebleau where they have the entire piece from the period and when you take the cushion of the Berger off you see this kind of very loud color schemes with the raspberry crush raspberry and the kind of you know poisoning green confronted and nobody is shocked by this in the Empire period this is the color scheme you know so you can prove these colors we go back to the original document and that's the same thing in Paris it's dispersed in different buildings here you have it right concentrated in New York on Fifth Avenue between this institution and the Metropolitan Museum there's quite a lot of wonderful archivals to to thrive from and to to get inspired and to know how it really looked like now the graphic document is something which you are very interested in and which I will focus now in the letter of my presentation we have motives like these griffins and this is just a house in the Marais and they're very narrow streets so you have to be walking a little bit like a dream walker to see these wonderful things but you have them in a porch of a house from the 1790s then you have them on a consult table in the Hotel Boarnet those kind of sphinx with the wings and then you find them also in a model for fire dogs which is in this building in the drawings and prints collection so it's the continuity of motives in France and in French language of ornament which is so nice to follow up from a small domestic object like a fire dog for which of course we don't have really used today but they were very sensible at that and meaningful at that time up to the big to the porch of a house or to the console table in the Hotel Boarnet another element which is very interesting and which allows to justify the importance of a collection such as the one we're in here is a small element when you look this is a desk a forefront desk by Bernard Molitor a cabinet maker whom I made my PhD at 25 years ago and there is this little palmet on the corner and you look at the website of the collection and there is the shift collection of bronze mounds and fragments of mounds and you find exactly that mount here in the collection which is very amazing so when we put our energies together we can find the original mount isolated here but still very meaningful you look at the French piece of furniture it's put into context it's very senseful on the piece of furniture and then when you go further and you study fashion newspapers as they're also kept in New York and especially also in this building you can even find that piece which allows you with a date to give it a date of creation so this is how the art historian who's not only the purely intellectual working from the written word but who's also looking with his eyes and I'll call it there's a German word of the school to learn how to see this is what is very important when you're an art historian today and with the possibility of digitalization these collections which were hidden for hundred years in boxes and hardly anybody knew what was in the Coupier Yule now we can use this new instrument but not to do tweets or feces or whatever but actually to work you know and it's very interesting what this institution is doing and using digital media in a very didactic and a very inventive way so I think we can learn from what is happening here in a very positive and inspiring way which is actually makes you happy when you see what you what you can do with these media apart from doing all the nonsense which is happening to you know and which is kind of troublesome for somebody of my age now having an ornament and I want to show this to you it's very interesting this is at the Coupier Yule and it's actually the same mount like on this console table by Molitor which is in a castle palace probably bought by Jerome Bonaparte and the whole thing comes from a cameo from Rome which is an Italia which was cast and plaster that's how it made its way out of Italy to a European collector then to a bronze maker and then on to a piece of furniture and even on to a door of a hotel particulier okay so this is this incredible transition and you know transformation of an ornament which comes from a medal in Rome and ends on a console table in castle or on the porch of a Paris Paris Street and I can tell you again you you don't necessarily see this when you walk a drive with a taxi through the Paris Street it's just very interesting same thing with this amazing motive which is also coming from the shift collection it's in your digital database I found it it's the same Medusa head which you have on the side of the same Molitor table you have it also on the very strange apron which serves as an extra support of a daybed which is much too long to not have that apron there because it would crash a very nice federal style daybed by Molitor and you have it on two doors and the building which was built during the French Revolution in the Chaucer d'Antin in Paris probably known by the ladies here from the gallery Lafayette which are just around the corner okay so when you do an art historic walk you would find in the same district those amazing revolutionary doors and it's always the same motive you know which kind of travels through different media and is assimilated in different way same thing for those heads this is again the shift collection in this house in this building and the same head in context used on a chest of drawers by Molitor from the Empire period so it's interesting the fragment and how was it used and this is very interesting but we can see the sur-tour de table on a table up there because it gives you some sense of what these things were used for this is the porch of the hotel of the Legion of Honor hotel the Psalms in the Rue de Lille in Paris and here you have the same kind of victory ladies on a chest of drawers on the Freestraw by Molitor so the same ornament used in different ways and of course that is a period which expresses itself and the Empire period was very clear and very definite about that language that becomes very evident in the big salon of the house which is the salon of the Four Seasons which was restored with the apostle Xavier Bonnet whom I just want to pay an homage because we lost him some weeks ago at the very young age of 48 and he was a very fantastic apostle who worked very very careful and very close with us in order to reconstruct those incredible draperies and hangings and he also we also conceived that color scheme which you have to imagine was pinkish and cream colored before we started our restoration work okay so you can see in how far with the documentation and with sondage on the walls we could we were able to recreate that fantastic unity of of room of calf decoration of painted decoration on which I could speak here for hours on this one picture and there's also a student from the program in the room who made her master on this and she writes since about a year about that palace and the iconography and I will just give you a little snap of that for the lecture we were able to retract something like this porch here which you see with these affronted lines to engraving by Persian Fontaine in a book which was published in 1798 and that depicts a porch of a house from the Renaissance in Rome which is actually existing so we see that architects and designers draw from history they take things and this is a Renaissance porch which is itself inspired by antiquity and then gets transformed in Paris into a neo antique palace into the porch of a drawing room so it's the idea is there and then transformed by different generations this is the amazing upholstery and we see that incredible coherence of the woven decor of the silk with the carved and gilded decoration on the walls recreated again by Saville Bonnet when we look at drawings we have very audacious designs by Persian Fontaine with this chair which was documented to be placed in the bathroom in 1817 the inventory which leads our restoration campaign and so we put it back there but we see those things figures which support the armrests very elegantly and we see them in drawings by Persie which are very weak drawings but they are the original drawings and we have them but we see them also in those wonderful watercolor drawings of a series of unique watercolors an album which was split between the Coupe du Huit and the Musée des Arts Décoratifs so half of the drawings is here and the other half is in Paris and they're currently the curators actually working together digitally putting the album back together which is very interesting because this is a means of work we wouldn't have had before and I don't need to insist everybody who's in the field can just see that everything we see here the textile the braid the coloring the woodwork everything is giving us very wonderful information and it allows us to assess these documents as invaluable sources for research and for restoration work the same can be said of fireplaces we have those very luxurious fireplaces in the Hotel Boine such as the one in the Green Salon with the victories we saw already earlier on and then we know that even at the world exhibitions or that the big industrial exhibitions of the time these fireplaces would be commented on and already depicted so some of those give authors for the objects because the objects have numbers and so we can identify makers often with this wonderful documentation we have a special example of a fireplace which was printed in about 1810 to be made by Eugène de Boine and we have the reduced version of that fireplace which is the very one surviving in the Hotel Boine okay so that was about to go to the skip and we were able to salvage its last moment and it has bronzes by Foucher and was set up in the current figuration by the architect Hitoff who was in charge of the building in 1820 and did certain transformations the rooms in the Hotel Boine in a very unique way display the taste of the very precise period between 1803 and 1806 when Eugène de Boine was called to be vice king of Italy on the other hand Napoleon was so offended to or by the money he had spent on restoring his house and establishing it has his Paris residence that it he sequestered it from him and used it as a guest house for when you know foreign guests came to Paris and so Eugène de Boine hardly ever lived in his house when there was starting to be the decline of Napoleon's star of victory we know that he intended to come back to Paris but then after the hundred days and the return of Napoleon in 1815 it was clear that he could never return to Paris and then he had to sell the building to the king of Prussia now motives I want to continue to amuse you with some Pompeii and dances and some in very daring positions and I can tell you that these positions I hope I don't offend any anybody's feelings but this is only possible in France until 1805 afterwards this disappears and it's very interesting to see what you can see at that period we have lots of these dances and of course they have fantastically integrated into the decoration this is the four seasons drawing room in course of restoration in due course of restoration and the wonderful thing is you have these figures in the interior decorations on the doors but also on the furniture this is the side panel of a commode by Jacob Frère set with glass on the sides and the glass is actually protecting silk paintings paintings on silk which are affixed with a sugar glue of a very strange composition under those panels okay we had some repair so we know more about those panels now we did some analysis of the glue but the style is just the same as what I showed you earlier on and this unity of style can be topped with the music room where we have these wonderful dances in monumental and I was very delighted to be able to track that back to an even earlier example in the dining room of the chateau of Saint-Claude which was a kind of cottage for the summer at the doorstep of Paris which Josephine and Napoleon had restored for their own use in 182 and we have documented this engraving with the muse dancing over the fireplace in the dining room and in his own music room Eugène paints all the walls had paint painted all the walls with these wonderful canvases of of ladies dancing motifs of that style do only also exist in different variety on furniture and I would like to just quote we have this incredible bronze upstairs from the shift collection and here it is in situ as you should imagine it on a piece of furniture it's again a fragment and recontextualization this type of figure of a denuded female holding a veil or some other object in her hand was very fancy at the time and would be visible in paintings and and also in bronze and but also in 3d in these incredible figures made by an artist to impress Napoleon now when we come to smaller objects I want to come back to this dancer which we see here on the base of one of the candlestands of the sur-tude table upstairs and I would like make a little exercise with you to exemplify some of those motifs so we have the dancer and we have the swan now the swan was very important in the hotel buane and was very much liked by Josephine Bonaparte here in an allegory which is by Gerard in the Metropolitan Museum and she like birds exotic birds and the swan so the swan who was in no way a female symbol at that time but also a polinian symbol and such a way a male symbol is all over the place in the hotel buane so there's the unity of the calf decoration the painted decoration and the furniture where you have the swan okay and this is a wonderful design in the Metropolitan which shows a swan just in the same way as we see it in the in the hotel buane this are more swan seats hotel buane elizé palace and my maison and in the Persie album of the museum of the Metropolitan Museum the original design by the architect so all this is put together and shows you the importance of those oh sorry this printed documents are drawing in order to assess the original and the objects now we have these figures on the edge of the balustrade of the sur-tude those represent like seasons or months and they're little ladies kind of you know hardly dressed a little bit like the dances as I showed you before and I was very astonished during the work on my PhD to have these cabinets to find these cabinets with a wonderful female figures standing right rigidly at the corner and they remind me of those figures so that I thought that they might intended originally have been intended for a sur-tude a table and then be used in a different way for a piece of furniture we have also the figure of children at the time here is a cupid painted by persie after drawing by persie on a door panel of the hotel buane this is from the shift collection piece of bronze from piece of furniture and you have a little cupid here just of the same configuration on a clock and this is again a big sur-tude either the big sur-tude in in what is the manner and it's full glory where you have the same swans as we have them upstairs and I want to use to show you an element which is difficult to see in this picture but there is a swan which you see two swans around a fumigating vessel and you find them on the table set at what is the manner but you find the same mount as a door as a key escutcheon on a cabinet by Molitor so here it is in big this are two swans and here it is on the cabinet rather difficult to be recognized but what I want to show you with this is that these bronze makers used the ornament versatile in different ways in a different modus it could be used as a as a purely ornament purely decorative ornament on the pedestal of a fruit basket and it would become a key escutcheon for a cabinet now to mere was a very prolific and he did incredibly big things and and different things so sometimes he signed objects such a pedestal with his signature on it and often he didn't so this is a bat which was sold at Christie's in New York which belonged to the Duke of Hamilton at some point and it's probably the most impressive bat from the Empire period you can imagine with these kind of figures male figures in cast bronze of the size of a four-year-old child you know it's pretty amazing and they're really their 3d sculpture he also did for several those amazing tables and that is very valuable because the archives of several tell that to me I was the one who was in charge of mounting these table tops so that is very important something also very interesting is the decoration of theatres and we have drawings for theatre settings and this was found by a French colleague at the who's working at the Louvre the decoration of Psyche a theatre play 1792 and then the bat in the Palais Boirnay is picking up on that theatre decoration with these double columns which are really probably the biggest bat of that period in a private mention to be preserved the textiles here not being preserved yet they're still from the 1950s we can go as far as making relations between drawings and figures on the painted wooden elements in the bedroom and we also see the wonderful cohesion of the carved and gilded decoration and the woven decoration which at the time of Oisin de Boirnay and the first gown the first decoration was actually embroidered on silk when we recreated that we realized that it would be too expensive to re embroider all the silks for 24 seats in a room so we had it woven in two different colors of shades of silk now what is interesting with this ornament and this is just the next course to finish is that very from very soon on that symmetric and very systematic empire design would become inspirative for manufacturers and for industrial production so this is Glenica Palace in on the border of Potsdam in Berlin and what is very interesting what you see here is no longer cast stone nor cast plaster it's embossed zinc and that is very interesting what you do if you don't have the means of the French and of the French craftsmanship and your industrial nation in poor pressure you just print it in metal and it looks very good even after 200 years so this is the inspiration of the ornament of course the systematic ornament of the symmetry of the empire period gave itself very well to do such wonderful experimentations and that continues with bending which you can just find the same in the hotel Boirnay with a building which I randomly photographed on one of my trips through North America you know like Philadelphia or Hartford Connecticut you can find these incredible Victorian buildings where they did those very sober decorations which are purely inspired by Pesie and Fontaine same designers who designed you know your surtout but they casted an iron you know because it's cheaper and it's more durable so I hope I've given you a kind of insight into the relation between documents and the realization of those creations and I will finish just with some views of the Hotel de Boirnay as it is appearing today after 10 years of work intense negotiations with the Foreign Office in order to get the budgets and to be allowed to do the right job in the sense of the heritage and the cultural value of such a building and I could speak a whole seminar on that building in order to exemplify the wonderful ornamentation and the relation between documents and graphic documents which created that wonderful ensemble and I hope I've given you a little insight of our work which we published like two years ago in the book of on the Steyl Ampere which was a big achievement after the research and I hope you will enjoy this very nice exhibition which is upstairs. I didn't really make the twist to the presentation of the things from the modern times and I really enjoy to discover upstairs the work of Margarita Morgan Time which I ignored and I finished my lecture with the Ingo Maurer Chandelier which is another fancy of our lordship who bought that after he saw the great exhibition in Philadelphia some years ago and again a great success with the audience at what is the manner and works pretty well with the blue paneling in the blue dining room. It makes kind of a wonderful clash. So I thank you very much for your attention and we can now we still have some minutes for questions and answers so I stay here and I don't know if you have a mic or you want to go around with it. So we can have some questions. Thank you very much for your attention. Is the Hotel Borne open to the public for visiting or is it only sort of for people going to the embassy website and they have a tour guide and you can book your tour. That's part of the arrangement. There's an exchange as a cultural program and it's pretty open. So yeah. Yes please. When you showed the dancing women maybe I misunderstood I thought you said something about that they they couldn't be that way after 1805. Yeah they kind of nudity is something which was very much possible between 1795 97 and 1805. And then everything becomes a little bit more prodigy again. So that's what what caused was there something that caused that transition. It's kind of like what you know you have waves of tolerance and conservatism kicking in from time to time again. So that explains changes in in habitat and in moses. You know it's like it's like when we were also being naked in the 80s and today who would do it. You know I mean it's like apart from the fact that we got older you know but you know it's a real change of culture. You know and that's the same because you read these books and you wouldn't believe what you read how French ballrooms were acting what was happening. You know so yeah that was a big change. Good. Thank you very much.


Your commentator is Basil Riesdale. Now it can be told, history in the making, at the mysterious Shangri-La. Actually, the United States Navy aircraft carrier Hornet steams westward across the Pacific. The protecting force of cruisers and destroyers, with the hard-hitting Admiral Halsey in command, slams into a gale, determined to reach a position 400 miles from Tokyo, unless intercepted by the enemy. Packed on the afterdeck of the Hornet are 16 B-25 Mitchell bombers. Never before have these huge planes been launched from a carrier. High explosive and demolition bombs are made ready for the destruction of military objectives in Japan. Colonel, now Major General Doolittle, Captain Mark Mitchell, commander of the aircraft carrier Hornet, who was once decorated by Japan, now gives his medal to be returned to the Japs on the tail of a bomb. Not until they are miles at sea do these men know definitely the mission for which they have volunteered. Now their thoughts go back to their months of careful preparation, clothed in the greatest secrecy. Only Colonel Doolittle knew that Japan was to be their target. Now they realize that the miniature cities laid out for practice bombing near an American airfield duplicated military objective, Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Kobe, and Osaka. Even the strategy of flying in low over targets is an important part of the training for the greatest surprise raid in the history of aerial warfare. Not even certain they can take off successfully from a carrier that was never designed for launching army bombing planes. Closer and closer they approach enemy-controlled waters and the danger of discovery. Jimmy Doolittle and Captain Mitchell discuss every detail of the carrier takeoff. Suddenly a strange vessel is sighted. It's a jet patrol boat, and the task force intends to destroy it before a warning can be radioed to Japan. It is feared they have flashed the news to heavy jet naval forces in the vicinity. Survivors are picked up and brought aboard. Jimmy Doolittle asks Admiral Halsey to go in closer for another hour and a half. Now the signal is flashed for the takeoff. Ten hours ahead of schedule. The added distance to be flown increases the hazards. There is no hesitation. They land their planes. Doolittle pilots the lead plane. There's a breathless moment as the big bomber gathers speed. It's airborne. The first army bomber ever to be launched from a carrier is safely in the air. You know it can be done, and they time their takeoff with the upsurge of the bow of the carrier and the heavy sea. Those wheel lifted and wing flaps down for another B-25 to join the formation circling over the task force until all the 16 planes can get into the air. There's America's answer to treachery. Great northern bomb sites have been removed from these planes and replaced by a makeshift device costing about 20 cents. These historic pictures round out the electrifying news of Tokyo's first taste of American vengeance in April, 1942. Loaded with eggs of destruction, they wing through a fog-ridden dock with planes to go almost meets disaster on the takeoff from the rolling and pitching deck of the carrier. It drops dangerously, but good piloting saves it. The planes sweep in without being discovered. They separate into groups to attack the several objectives carefully selected by means of accurate intelligence to ensure that only targets of military value will be hit. Colonel Doolittle himself has told the flying over the emperor's palace and refraining from bombing it, though he could have left it in ruins. Fast pictures to come out of Tokyo before Pearl Harbor. They show the Japs rehearsing with all the realism possible for air raids which they assured the emperor and people of Japan would never be experienced. The defense system, as they practice it here, proved disorganized and panic-stricken when Doolittle and his men catch them flat-footed. Dingle shell fragment hit a plane. The loss of face by Tokyo may well have driven the Japs into the disastrous midway expedition, and its staggering losses of ships and man. This Jap-made scene of Tokyo swept by fire following an earthquake shows clearly what must have happened in the many areas hit by the hundreds of incendiary bombs. Later in China, the fliers who bailed out safely are decorated by Madame Chiang Kai-shek. The smiling Jimmy Doolittle does not yet know the fate of some of his comrades. All survivors accept the crew of one plane which landed safely in Russia and were interned, reach America, and are decorated by General Arnold, head of the American Army Air Forces. Doolittle wins the Congressional Medal of Honor. Mark these men well. General Tojo and his barbarous war bandits, who both did they have executed some of the fliers captured. General Arnold replies to this brutal news with fighting words. Those men died as heroes. We must not rest. We must redouble our efforts until the inhuman warlords who committed this crime have been utterly destroyed. Tokyo Raiders, Captain Watson right and Lawson left, tell of targets bombed and vengeance to come. Our takeoff from the the Hornet was made successfully. It wasn't as much the the length of takeoff that bothered us. This was the width. It was about a four foot clearance between the right wingtip and the island. The left wingtip hanging over the deck on the left hand side. Trip in was uneventful. My target, my first target was a tank factory in the south of Tokyo. My alternative target being an oil storage tank and a railroad yard. We were fortunate in getting through the anti-aircraft and reaching our number one target. It dropped the entire load on this tank factory and had the satisfaction of seeing two of the bombs score direct hits. Captain Lawson speaks for his comrades. We all feel pretty strongly about these boys that we were with. We had all been pretty close. Large family almost like brothers. We'd known each other from a year to a year and a half before this raid ever came off. We knew their families, their children and if there's any way to get even, we'll certainly try.


Welcome, good morning everyone. Welcome to the ID Tech X show here in Santa Clara. We've got a truly great show for you over the next few days. We have over 3,200 people pre-registered and we normally have 300 or 400 more walking during the day. We have over 220 speakers and also over 200 exhibitors. There's going to be lots of new announcements and lots of exciting things to see. So what I want to do in my presentation just over the next 15 minutes or so, is really firstly, before I tell you about the event, to tell you a bit about some of the big themes of technologies that we're covering in this event. As I'm sure you're aware, we look at a whole range of different technologies and I really want to highlight to you how all of these are very much interrelated. So starting off with one of the big themes first, it's really about new form factors of electronics coming through which are enabling new design freedoms and therefore new market opportunities. One of those new form factors is stretchable electronics. Here we've seen a lot of new innovation to enable stretchable electronics from things such as stretchable links to those working ways we can make stretchable to ridges and devices and also complete centre structures. Quite a bit of this is already commercial. We have a market in the E-Tec starts page, which is all around stretchable usually, worth $150 million this year, growing to $3 billion, 10 years from now. Today, the commercial applications and wearables include things like e-convest, also a lot of sportswear from a different brand. To highlight the greater interest in stretchable electronics, when we've looked at the amount of money being invested in this area, we see that in 2015, 30 times the amount of money that was invested in companies focusing on stretchable electronics versus those in 2012. It really is one key area which is enabling new form factors to enable new opportunities. Also relating to new form factor electronics is this concept of structural electronics. If we introduced this event about a year ago, it's really taking the old approach of components being involved the last 100 years or so and changing that into structures becoming a bunch of components. So this can include structures being included for example with smart skins or ultimately low bearing components. Out of last year's, now everything has been commercialised in many different ways. One is that we have millions of smartphones out there on the market which have a 3D-based antenna printed onto the 3D structure of parts of the phone. The benefit of this is that it can enable the lightweighting and saving space for also rapid customization. Then we have other things like immobile electronics, thanks to stretchable ears. These are printed flats. They can be burner-formed or 3D-shaped with capacitive switches and mounted LEDs and so on. And coming soon, and which has been shown in research labs, is things like tyres which have embedded energy-harsing skins in them based on trying to adapt the tyres of the vehicle and use a lot. It's not only part of the structure of the tyre, it's also generating energy from that motion, putting it back into electric supply of the vehicle. So a lot of new design freedoms are going to be afforded thanks to stretchable electronics. The third aspect of all-plaster innovation is that more and more key components are becoming flexible. This event will be hearing about many of these different trends and those progress. Two things shown here include displays and also sensors. This is now allowing companies to really differentiate also great markets. We believe that the flexible display market is worth 30 billion bols 10 years from now. And that truly is being backed up with significant investment from companies. This year alone, LG and Samsung combined invested 10 billion bols in developing flexible displays. And the smaller equipment and manufacturing going into it. So you can see this is really going to happen. And that's mainly because there's great pressure on companies to differentiate versus the old glass base displays. Similarly, on the sensor side we're seeing new form factors and new capabilities. Many of the companies targeting new types of sensors are not trying to replace existing and common sensors, but they're doing new form factor and new capability to really go into new markets. You can see a few. It is there from flexible arrays of dynamic photo detectors through to strain sensors, which you can strain up to 100% and do this with millions of cycles. Then we have the overarching theme of the increase in distributed electronics. We feel like ubiquitous electronics. And this is manifesting itself in many different ways. IoT is one of the things we'll be looking at at this event, which includes things like IP-based sensors. Or which we think about 1.2 billion will be sold in 2020, going into things like smart meters, home to thermostats and sensing nodes themselves. But the real value in terms of audio is a lot of growth. There's been around a humble passive RFID tag. With this year between UHF and HF RFID, only 12 billion will be sold. And that is 7 billion hires in the week this year. So this is really big part in a wide variety of applications. More of the highlights being retail and power. And we're hearing more about these different applications. With some of the new aspects of IoT, such as IP-based sensors and nodes, of course there's always an element of hype. And so what we try to do this event is to sort of provide a case balance to really help you identify all of the short and medium term opportunities and who really is making money in this industry. So a lot of what I've spoken about so far is mainly to do with low power, you know, widely dispersed electronics with new form factors. That's only part of the story. There's not a huge trend to be coming this event, which is much more about high power electrical. And that's based on this trend that more and more things are becoming electrical. And nowhere more so is that prevailing than in the automotive industry where there's a huge amount of disruption going on at the moment. For example, we have a potential peak car scenario from 2030 thanks to autonomous vehicles, meaning that cars don't have to do a driveway from 95% of the time. They can be used much more efficiently in that autonomous vehicle world. But there are plenty more surprises to come. If we look at the electric vehicle market value 10 years out for now, we've found that despite popular thinking that most of the money will be in electric cars, it will actually be in electrical, industrial and commercial vehicles with e-buses being bigger sector taking 34% of the total e-market for land-based vehicles in 2027. Then there's other new trends that we look into the future with things like electric vehicles and energy harvesting. I think the popular point of view is that electric car is the endgame which you plug in. There the winds will be charging stations, utility companies and battery makers. We see something beyond that. We see the endgame being completely energy-informed vehicles. So this is where the vehicle harvests enough energy from energy-informed technologies on it to completely power itself. Is that a dream? Well, it's here today. You may have seen this vehicle as you walked in. It's just by the registration desk. This is such an energy-informed vehicle. It's a combination of structural electronics. Energy harvesting is a conformal PDO. It's part of the 3D printing. It ends up being what's claimed to be the world's most efficient electric vehicle. You'll be hearing more about this great story at Lengstrang this morning. But it's here for the first time in North America at this show and the whole team will have to ask some questions and learn much more about it. But energy-informed vehicles are not just about Christie's races such as this. It's becoming a commercial reality as well. Early this year, Lengstrang in China announced an energy-informed car with a range of cars, in fact. And they're going to bring this into production from around 2020 onwards. This is based on solar technology from one of their subsidiaries, Altarpyses, who are here exhibiting this event. We've developed a very lightweight Gallymarside solar technology. So it's lightweight and very light. You should see to enable it to do that. PD is just one of the many different types of energy harvesting technologies that will also be looking at within this event. We look at the full spectrum from high-power electric engineering which we think Altarpyses will have a high-smart value for those energy-hasting, through to those making many different types of energy-hasting, including thermal electrics, piezoelectric, and electric dynamics. And many of those also being used for lower-power devices such as powering sensors. An example of that is the clean-space tactics shown on the right side. And this is powered by Amint Rf from your Wi-Fi sequence from the 3G or 4G networks around you. And that triple-chargers is the battery which powers the gas sensor. And just a few years ago people said this wasn't quite possible, but here we have a product based on Amint Rf charging. This is currently being used in London and other cities. You can go by an Amazon and it's a monitoring position. We've also seen a lot of new innovation in energy-hasting this year, all of which we've come to this event, but one thing I'd like to point out is the work of triode electric energy-hasting. It's already been demonstrated that just from the motion of the heart beating from the animal that generates enough energy to power a wireless sensor. But another trend that will be covering is this convergence to multimodal energy-hasting. And in the image at the top centre here you see the powering which combines both PV with triode electric. So it's heart-energy from both sunlight and motion forming the e-text of our formats, combining many of things we've been talking about. So energy generation is one aspect, but we've also been looking at energy storage, of course. Leaving it by a margin of technology has been a fantastic technology, but really in the last 10 years we've made some incremental improvements and of course there's been the big safety concerns going into the oil line as well. So the goal is on people looking for something that offers a magnitude or more improvement in terms of performance and costs, but we're looking at close to it in our technologies. This event will be covering this whole spectrum with the latest progress and also taking into account the safety to time lines and the roadmap for these things going through. It's not just about performance and costs but also the new form factors coming through thanks to thin, flexible batteries. And a lot of that is being driven by the wearables community and large consumer electronic companies buying IP or buying companies or even developing their own flexible batteries because they're looking to embed these into wearable devices, the battery becomes less of a brick and more invisible to the wearer. Overarching all of these key topics that we're talking about is of course the huge new materials of innovation that's going on. We'll be looking at all the main different types of progress that we've seen much about before from productive things which are now stretchable and they're appearing in all devices in a washing machine currently being sold in the US. Through to the commercialisation finally of things like carbon attitudes the highlight being they're used in batteries to improve the recharging speed the highlight being the huge amount of carbon attitudes and key loads being used on each electric bus through to new types of materials which can be printed with 3D printing. We'll also be covering the wide range of manufacturing innovations to allow us to create all these exciting things and some factors from 3D printing and now that I've decided now around the hobby market we're focusing on the strong road areas including 3D metal printing and also the hardware age of all that has been made. 3D printer electronics is also printed with printer electronics and we have a range of companies now offering machinery and we see that in it and another trend coming through manufacturing is desktop sized PCB manufacturer prototyping shown here from that invention which can do this on place up to 3 or 4 layers so you can rapidly customise and turn around circuits. There's also tremendous opportunity for manufacturing these things as a result of the huge thing I see which is flexible trying to mount that onto a flexible substrate as well as different components and doing that all at high speed is very challenging so there's a lot of work going on around these hybrid devices and how to mount these at high speed with accuracy and get good performance and robustness in use as well and we'll be covering those trends. So in terms of this I really hope that I've shown you all these things are very much in related from e-textiles which are difficult to pass because they're looking to be used in things like heated seats and seat occupancy sensors to wearable technology as well as the art from Italian going into many different applications and what we've done in this event is really combined all of these technologies because there is so much of that in them we've got a concentration and these different conversations so if you're in a materials company and you're looking to understand what the car companies or where a company seats and what their problems are you can meet those from the supply chain and simulate if you're a brand you can see what are the new components and materials coming through that you can build into what I've very much going forward and a lot of the main focus that we've had to achieve at this show is really focusing on commercialization technologies that have been involved in this for 70 years tracking different things and so anything that has most value is to have big brands talking and telling and saying what are their problems and challenges and really provide that reassure to the industry so let me just finish off by telling you a little bit about the show and who's here if you look at who's here by job auction and value chain position it's really nice and spread of the best to think that there are materials companies 23% of the firm companies and 20% more of the centre we've attended these from 45 countries so it truly is a very international show and at this point they're to last year attending the 23% so there's a much larger crowd and in addition to that there's also a larger exhibition with 209 exhibitors coming from 23 countries really across the whole supply chain from those providing services and integrators machinery suppliers and supply suppliers Platinum sponsor this year is the centre of this and they were found in this group lots of machinery value including work for their partners so they take some time to take a look at their food and the gold sponsors are Agfa, Bebock sensors, the mid-technology and Zenon and if you look through just this list of the silver gold of Platinum sponsors the first range of material companies electronic manufacturing service companies and component providers I see many years of it so this is the floor plan just a few things I'd like to highlight on it we're using all the four walls this year to make sure you spend time to get all the way to the back there's plenty to see this is the second GNR we've run the I need to fix launch pad initiative the aim of the launch pad is willing to bring very large stage companies into the show on the world stage and meets the audience here so in the past, there are many other stage companies which have just been out or seeded startups and all of them are showing products or prototypes at events many of them will be showing publicly for the first time everything from smart band-aids or way through to complete energy so make sure you take a look at those we also have demonstration speakers we have a collection of samples that are hand-respected we go around a lot of programming companies so this way you can see many of these different technologies being in one place and on manufacturing suite we have many companies running and then she will receive and ask how it works we've also launched an app for this show just go to your store and search item tickets and you'll be able to download it hopefully you'll find it in a very productive tool on all the information about events and all the way around and of course we'll be on Twitter so just show the stories with the hashtag iGatechEx so before I introduce the great speakers I'd like to just tell you in one slide a little bit more about iGatechEx of course we are the host of this event but that's part of what we do and it's one of the ways in which we disseminate the information we learn about these different emerging technologies from around the world our main focus is that we provide clarity to our clients on these emerging technologies and we do that by having a great team of analysts who go around the world profile companies and their activities from across the whole supply chain and in particular we speak to any users to find out what their problems and needs are we take all this information and we then help our clients understand how can they get into the market what is the market size with the real opportunity versus what I use so we can help you take it back to approach any number that you think is team 100 but indeed if you just have any questions about anything you give us then we'll be likely to talk with you so we're here to help we're here to make sure you have a really productive and great experience at this year so without further ado I'd like to highlight what's coming next we have four great speakers we're going to cover different parts of some of the things I mentioned we're going to kick off Google is going to focus on all the data that's being collected around new way for wearables and how that's being used to improve patient experience next we have one of the world's largest consumer package goods makers, you leader now we have John Snow to go to the Festival of Package Manager and we'll be talking to us about how some of these technologies will be making impact to consumers using their products everything from ice creams to things and then we have from Intel Dr Ovid who's a VP at GM and he'll be talking about the real sense technologies and how it's going to be printing through to drones and autonomous vehicles and then we'll be that great story from all that stuff about the engine and the vehicle from the facility so I'll have the trade show over and just so you're all carefully informed once we come back after the trade show many different performance sessions each one will kick off with an ITX giving you the industry trends and the key data of those particular topics followed by key notes of each of those topics and then we'll go into the full programme so I truly hope you have a great show many questions or issues on the show don't hesitate to go to the rest of your booth or go and take a stand and I hope you have a great experience I hope you can meet many of you as well without further ado I'd like to introduce the next speaker


So, we meet briefly in the morning, I will just quickly walk you through the projects that you can choose relating to IIT Bombay. So, the first programming projects are the main ones. We have two DevOps related activities just thrown in for if somebody has an interest and would like to opt for those, but mainly we are looking for the programming related projects. So, the first one is a registration and enrollment module. So, basically the Open edX platform has a registration and enrollment module built into it. So, what's the big deal about this module? So, typically whenever we have a program running which uses Open edX platform like the blended MOOC, let's say, which requires a separate registration to the program and then you have the IIT Bombay platform. So, you don't want people to register in multiple places to use the same functionality. So, this will have a single sign-on kind of functionality where user registers in one place and all that information relating to registration is reflected in the Open edX platform. So, the highlight of this is to use single sign-on functionality to enroll into the Open edX platform from an external platform or another application. The other highlight is to use APIs for accessing the functionality. So, the Open edX platform doesn't have any pre-canned APIs which can be used by external applications to interface with the Open edX platform. So, the other thing which you can look forward to other than Django, Python and JSON, it will have REST APIs. So, service-oriented architecture kind of a paradigm can be used for doing this. So, those who are interested in learning a new architecture like a service-oriented architecture can choose this project. So, this is an example of assessment building blocks. So, in the morning I was talking about enhancing the assessment feature of the Open edX platform which is quite basic according to us. It needs a lot of enhancement. So, the idea is to create assessments which are in a layered format. So, there will be multiple layers to it. The lowest layer will interface with the Open edX platform. The topmost layer will interface with the student and there will be multiple layers in between which will do various functionalities. So, this will help to build assessments very easily. So, once you have reusable layers, a person who is developing a new type of assessment can just use the existing layers and quickly build the assessment. So, few of the layers that we were thinking about which are like reusable components are one we were thinking of a grid kind of a thing where typically you have certain types of assessments or actually a grid can be used in multiple places. It could be used in games like chess or whatever. So, you have a board where you have a grid and you have either colors filled into the grid or you have some letters filled into it like in case of a crossword puzzle kind of a question. So, the grid is one of the reusable things that will be part of this project. So, using the grid then a use case to demonstrate how the grid is working will be a game of chess. So, you could develop like some kind of a strategy and then how the student is assessed for that strategy on that grid which is presented to the student by the faculty as an assessment. The other layer is the proctoring layer. So, last year the interns had done some work around a proctored exam. So, in a MOOC setup you are having students who are remotely attempting questions. So, there is no way you can check whether the student is cheating or not. So, proctoring is a way by which you can actually find out whether the student is cheating while attempting the question online. So, you have a camera and you capture whatever a mugshot and all that. So, that we build as a layer into the assessment framework of Open edX. The Open edX framework doesn't have any such module. So, the last year's work we hope we don't know yet whether it is feasible but we hope to incorporate that into the assessment framework of Open edX. The third one is the reporting system for the faculty. So, generally now in blended MOOC also you may have seen that there are reports available for which there is a separate system the faculty or the institute head or coordinator logs into a separate system to see the students' performance or progress or some kind of feedback if they want to give the data relating to that. Now, this is a way by which within the platform we will allow the faculty to check some reports of the students' performance so that he or she can improve his whatever way of teaching based on if let's say some student is doing poorly in some more number of students are doing poorly in some topic. Then that means that that topic is not clear. So, the faculty needs to pay more attention to that topic. So, those kind of reports can be built into the platform. So, there are various ways by which you can enhance functionality similar to what I was talking about earlier the chess grid that allows you to create enhancement. So, this is another enhancement to the platform. So, all of these are relating to Django Python functionality. The last one is Excel sheet assessment. I mentioned that like one of our partners is IMB. So, IMBanglore is offering courses relating to say accounts. So, they had a requirement whereby students should be able to upload a balance sheet as a response to an assessment. So, and the system should be able to automatically grade that assessment. So, that kind of functionality again is not there in Open edX. So, this is an enhancement to allow faculty to do a auto grading based on Excel sheet upload. So, yeah, and the other two are the DevOps related ones. One is to install various components of Open edX. So, you will require technologies like either Docker or Ansible, Vagrant, all of these types. If anybody has an interest in that, you could choose that. And the other thing are some shell scripts for some frequently used functions either for continuous integration or the GitHub repository relating to that some advanced functionality that we want to build. What can you hope to achieve? So, on the IIT Bombay platform, you will get to implement the complete SDLC of a project. So, this is what you will not generally get to do if you go for an internship say in industry. In industry, you typically be given a very small module. The design would be done. Lower level design is done. Some part of the coding is done and they will give you some tiniest thing that they can break the thing into and give it to you because you are intern. And if you are able to implement, find they will use it. Most probably they will not. But this will have the complete SDLC. So, right from requirements to some extent to developing testing, unit testing, integration testing. Like we have always had a complete installation in place by the interns whenever they have gone. They don't have people doing like their parts of it and nothing is working with each other. So, it's a complete end to end working system. You will get to do that. Then of course, I was talking about open source technologies. You will get to work on open source. You will get to learn on the go. So, within two months, you will learn a new technology as well as implement it right up to the end. You get to work on a production ready and live system. If you deliver something that's good enough to be put into production, it will be put into production. If not, you can always have your own git repository where you can put your stuff and show it to your recruiters or whoever. Of course, this is what we will get out of it also. Make a demonstrable and meaningful contribution to the education sector in the country. So, if your work gets used, you can always say that this is something that you had built and it is helping other students in some way. And the confidence to deliver a complete system. So, I have always had students who have, at the beginning of the project, come to me saying that ma'am, we are scared. I don't think I will be able to do it. And the end of it, these are the people who are fighting to present on the day of the final presentation because they are so proud of what they have done. So, that's what I think you will gain.


This is TFNN, the Tiger Financial News Network. TFNN, headline news update. Good afternoon everybody. I'm Tommy O'Brien, coming to you live from TFNN headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida. 1 p.m. Eastern time on Friday. Three hours left to go on the trading day, and we got markets pretty much flat for the day, but we've had action in both directions so far. S&Ps, positive by five points, trading at 29.31. The Dow, positive by seven points, trading at 26,470. NASDAQ, negative by seven points, trading at 8,011. Notes and bonds, higher price, lower yield. Ten-year note up nine ticks. 123-22, 30-year bond up 17 ticks. 1.47-22. Gold having quite a day to the upside, up more than $10 now, trading at 12.90-40. And on the flip side, oil. Quite a negative day down $2.53. 6266. We'll start things off. Let's jump over to the futures market. We'll start it off with the Dow. And this morning, we'll back it up, 8.30 a.m. There's our 8.30 a.m. volatility. We get the GDP number, quite a number. You have the Dow, trade from 26,386. We trade about up 100 points, and we're hovering right off those highs currently. NASDAQ 100, a little bit of a different story. There's your 8.30 a.m. volatility. We trade higher until about 9. Reach a high of 78.39. Quite a sell-off in that NASDAQ. Down to a low of 77.57. But right now, we're almost right back to where we were before the 8.30 a.m. GDP number. S&Ps. There's your 8.30 volatility on GDP. We were trading at about 29.25 coming into that number. We're a solid six points above that level, trading 29.31. Crude oil. Talk about that decline. As early as 4 a.m. this morning, we were trading above $65. We're now approximately $2.50 below that level with crude trading at 62.68. There's your gold rise, and again, volatility on the GDP number at 8.30. We're trading at 12.76. We get an initial spike lower to 12.76. Now we're trading 12.90.27. And Euro-US dollar, as we've seen some dollar weakness, you have the Euro trading 11.62. In terms of what else you have out here, some of the movers and shakers out there, we had Amazon last night with their earnings. Amazon up slightly this morning, up about 1.3%. And then starting next week, a little teaser. We get Alphabet earnings on Monday. It's trading at 12.65, and we get Apple earnings on Tuesday, down about 4.10%. Stay tuned, folks. Steve Rhodes coming up right now at the Trader's Edge. Dave White live at 2 o'clock with a power trading hour, and Tom O'Brien wraps it up live at 3. Stay tuned, folks. Have a great Friday.


Rwy'n meddwl i'r byw gwreidio angen i niw. Rwy'n meddwl i'r byw gwreidio angen i niw. Rwy'n meddwl i'r byw gwreidio angen i niw. Rwy'n meddwl i'r byw gwreidio angen i niw. Efallai y mae'r�ilaeth y Scottish Government yng Nghymru yn rwyaf i ddweud yr adnoddau o'r ysgrifennu oedd yn y Tynedd aeth ar y bobl aeth. Rwy'n meddwl i'n meddwl i'n meddwl i dda ni'n meddwl i ddweud o'r ddeutu o'r pleidigus o'r Cysylltu Feoulau面gol yn siarad gyda'r wedi'i'r gwaith o phamol yng ngrysiau ac 곳byddai'r cerdd, ac oherwydd Cymru yn cynnwys gael iawn o'r lleiwng iawn. Ond oes y cyfnodau ar gyfer gwybod, nid arweinydd o'r cyfnodau gael ei gweld. Fyngom i gweithio bod chweithio ynghorion a'r cyfnod i gael o'r llwyffadau gwysig o'r lleiwg yn gwneud o'r pethau, oherwydd yntafell, gyda ddisgrifendu arless yn 203 p.m. o'r wne shortly on a Friday afternoon when it was not? When the Government was advising people to leave work early due to adverse weather conditions. Instead of trying to bury bad news, the Government could and should have given prior notice to families and staff that a decision of such importance was imminent and would be announced directly to Parliament. You cannot consider whether the use of Government inspired questions was appropriate in that case, and that there-use by the government to make such announcements is reviewed. Can you also confirm that no request by the minister for a statement was made to you on Thursday under rule 13.2? This decision should have been announced to this Parliament in this Parliament, and surely the way the Scottish Government has chosen to announce this closure is both discourteous to members but, more importantly, deeply disrespectful to those who depend on the kids' word at the RAH. I thank the member for the advance notice of the point of order. As the member will be aware, the guidance on announcements sets out good practice that should be followed by the Scottish Government when informing the Parliament. It is intended to help the Scottish Government to decide which method is appropriate to make an announcement. I raised the member's concerns about this particular issue at today's bureau meeting. We had a useful discussion about decisions more generally on which method to use to make an announcement. The bureau has made its views known, and that will help to inform future decisions by the Government. In this case, the bureau has agreed to schedule a ministerial statement on this issue this afternoon following topical questions. That will allow members to question the Cabinet Secretary on the decisions that are made. I now invite Joe FitzPatrick to move the business motion on behalf of the bureau. Thank you very much. Does anybody object to the motion? No. In that case, the question is that we agree motion 10053. Are we all agreed? We are agreed. We turn now to topical questions. Presiding Officer, to ask the Scottish Government what action it will take to ensure that everyone in police custody can exercise their right to legal advice from 25 January 2018. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I refer members to my entry in the register of inches wherein they will find that I am a member of the Lost Society of Scotland, that I hold a practising certificate, albeit that I am not currently practising. Part 1 of the Criminal Justice Scotland Act 2016 introduces increased rights of access to legal advice for people being held in police custody. Those provisions followed recommendations within Lord Carlywy's review of Scottish criminal law and practice and wide public consultation. The bill was passed unanimously by Parliament in December 2015. Since then, there has been extensive engagement with legal professionals through the Law Society of Scotland and local representative groups. Regulations to ensure a significantly enhanced package of legal aid funding is available for private solicitors, providing police station advice under the new arrangements. Those were approved by the Scottish Parliament last month. The regulations introduced a new block fee system, a simplified process for claiming for police station advice and are an increase on existing rates. Police station advice is provided through a combination of solicitors in private practice who opt to be part of the police station duty scheme and solicitors employed directly by SLAB, the Scottish legal aid board. Where private solicitors have chosen to not participate in the current or the new scheme, SLAB has confirmed that it will handle requests for police station advice through the 599 private solicitors who remain on the duty scheme and its own employed solicitors on the solicitor contact line and the public defence solicitor's office. That will ensure that appropriate access to legal advice is available for those in-police custody from 25 January. I thank the minister for that detailed response. Those are indeed big changes for the police and those tasked with ensuring that everyone has the legal advice that they need at every stage of the justice process. Given recent developments and the serious concerns that are expressed from the borders to Moray and beyond, what assessment has the Scottish Government undertaken of how many people are expected to be working on the provision of legal advice for those in-police custody on day 1 of the new scheme the day after tomorrow? How does she respond to the suggestion by DCC Livingston at Justice Committee this morning that some people may have to be moved between police stations to facilitate access to a solicitor? I would say that there has, of course, been contingency planning in place for some considerable time as informed by the Scottish Legal Aid Board in terms of the arrangements that had to be put in place to implement part 1 of the 2016 act. In addition to the 599 private solicitors available for the on-call duty scheme that I referred to in my first answer, there are currently 13 contact line solicitors working issue pattern and 24 PDSO solicitors. All matters are currently and will continue to be, as would be expected, under close monitoring to ensure that we have all necessary arrangements in place. In response to the question that the member raised about DCC designate in Livingston at his evidence session this morning before the Justice Committee, we are confident in general that access to legal advice will be available in whatever location someone has held in police custody without any need for them to be moved. As part of sensible contingency planning, if there were particular circumstances where it was absolutely necessary, as is the case under the current arrangements, it is possible to move someone held in custody to ensure access to legal advice. However, as I say, we do not expect that to be required as part of the normal duty arrangements. The minister Ian Moyer of the Law Society this week said that falling pay rates and the difficulty of balancing on-call work with family life was leading to a significant fall in those willing to take on legal aid work. The review of legal aid announced last February was expected to take a year. It was established to engage with the legal profession and come up with, quote, specific measures to reform Scotland's system of legal aid, maintaining access to public funding for legal advice and representation. Can the minister tell Parliament when she expects that review to report? Yes, I would just clarify, of course, that the police station duty scheme is entirely voluntary and no solicitor needs to participate in. Even those who do sign up for it are not required to make themselves available 100 per cent of the time. Of course, we have also extended the definition of the antisocial hours premium, and we have extended that not simply to telephone calls but also to travel, which was not a matter that was requested by the Law Society of Scotland in my negotiations with it. Finally, in terms of the legal aid review, we expect that to report next month. Can the minister confirm that discussions have been held with the Scottish legal aid board and whether it feels comfortable with the changes being made to the provision of legal aid? Officials have been closely engaged with the Scottish legal aid board about the delivery of the Act provisions. SLAB has engaged directly with the profession on both the implications of the new rights and the capacity of the profession to deliver. The operational capacity to deliver is being continuously assessed, as is normal practice for the current arrangements, and SLAB is comfortable with the changes being made and the ability to deliver on those new rights. Gordon Lindhurst I follow the minister's comments about the intricacies of that, but I think that the Law Society has said that, for the extension of the right of a solicitor present to work and practice, legal aid rates will require to increase significantly for this additional work. In light of that, does the minister agree that that adds to the case for legal aid reform and that the timing of that being implemented now before the report that my colleague referred to is unfortunate, at the very least? I will respond to the points that were raised. First, part 1 of the legislation that I referred to, the 2016 Criminal Justice Scotland Act 2016, is due to be enforced on Thursday of this week. Obviously, it would have been irresponsible of us not to have had in place legal aid arrangements reflecting the new arrangements. As I said in my response to Lee MacArthur, the legal aid review is expected to report next month, and it would perhaps just be important for the record to state that, of course, we listened to the Law Society of Scotland's negotiating team and we did increase the block fee rate. We did extend the definition of antisocial hours premium. We extended that not just to telephone calls but to travel, which was not even requested in the discussions with the Law Society, and we increased our offer. We believe that our offer was a good one. We see, of course, that many, many private solicitors have decided to remain in the police duty scheme. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to the Oxfam report, reward work, not wealth and what action it has taken to tackle inequality. I welcome the Oxfam report, reward work, not wealth, which makes a range of recommendations to Governments and international institutions. We are committed to working to reduce inequality and protecting human rights within the limited range of our powers. We have already set concrete time-bound targets to reduce inequality through the Child Poverty Scotland Act and will publish our first delivery plan by April 2018. In this year's draft budget, we set out proposals for a progressive income tax policy, allocated £179 million in 2018-9 through the attainment Scotland fund and increased funding for the NHS. Beyond that, we are taking a wide range of actions to tackle poverty and inequality, including almost doubling the provision of free childcare by 2020, delivering at least 50,000 affordable homes over this parliamentary term and enacting the fairer Scotland duty from April 2018, ensuring that public bodies take due account of poverty and disadvantage whenever key decisions are made. Gillian Martin, I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. The report highlights growing global disparity between the richest and poorest in society, with 82 per cent of all the world's wealth created in the last year going to the top 1 per cent and nothing going to the bottom 50 per cent. Oxfam calls on Governments to create more equal societies, aiding ordinary workers and smaller businesses. Can the Scottish Government set out how, with the limited powers that it has, it is moving Scotland towards a more egalitarian and fairer society? Does the cabinet secretary agree that Scotland could be seen as an example to other countries around the world to follow? The important point about leading by example was reflected in the comments made by Dr Catherine Trebek, Oxfam's senior researcher, who is based in Glasgow, when she said that her ideas can be big and can resonate beyond our borders. For this Government, tackling inequality is not some optional extra, it is part and parcel of everything that we do. In addition to the actions that I outlined in my original response in and around the implementation of how we are taking forward our duties under the new child poverty act, we are obviously taking very clear action to close the wealth gap associated with gender segregation rules. We are working very hard to support carers. There is our investment in affordable housing, as well as our labour market strategy and the work that we do across the Government to support inclusive growth in our economy. Gillian Martin I thank you once again for that answer, the cabinet secretary. Once you get to expand, the key finding of the report is that women are in the worst work and almost all super-rich are men. In a year that saw billionaires have fortunes grow by $762 billion, women provided $10 trillion to the economy in terms of unpaid care throughout the world, and while we might not be able to solve this global problem ourselves, can the Scottish Government set out how it is leading the way in closing the wealth gap associated with gender segregated roles in Scotland, and ensuring that caring is valued? Cabinet Secretary, there are a number of actions that this Government is indeed taking forward. We are big supporters of family-friendly working Scotland partnership. It was a partnership between working families, which is a leading UK work-life balance organisation, parenting across Scotland and the Fathers Network. The reason for that work is to support and promote the development of family-friendly workplaces, which will indeed have a big impact on women, although not exclusively women. It is important for Fathers and parents, too. Fair pay is also at the heart of our planned expansion of the early years in childcare, and we will enable payment of the living wage to all childcare staff delivering the funded entitlement by 2020. There is other work that we are doing to support unpaid carers in terms of enabling them to be better supported to look after their own health and wellbeing, as well as the carer positive scheme, which is about supporting employers to support their employees who also have caring responsibilities. Elaine Smith Thank you, Presiding Officer. As Oxfam highlighted this week, the wealth gap is widening, including in Scotland, and, meanwhile, the Government has cut funding to lifeline public services. As the cabinet secretary aware that Dr Catherine Trebek of Oxfam said yesterday that the strain of yawning inequality is also being felt in Scotland and that this is not a far away crisis, it is grimly apparent that the inequality crisis is out of control, when will the cabinet secretary take the necessary steps to address this crisis here in Scotland, including asking the richest in our society to pay their fair share and lift and shift the balance of economic wealth to the many rather than the few? The Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Fair Work Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. It is important to recognise that the report focuses on world-wide inequality and makes a number of recommendations to Governments and international institutions. The actual report in terms of my reading did not make any specific mention of Scotland. Nonetheless, we welcome the report. It is fair to reflect that the recommendations would cut across both devolved and reserved power. It is also important to recognise that 60 per cent of Scotland's spending power is still dependent on Westminster decisions. Nonetheless, we are absolutely determined to utilise all the powers and opportunities that are available to us in this Government to address poverty and inequality in this country. That is not just the right thing to do, it is absolutely the smart thing to do, it is reflected in our aspirations around inclusive growth, our labour market strategy, our fair work commitments and it is also reflected in the work that we will take forward to end child poverty, given that we know that children are poor because of the lack of income in their families or their household. That will indeed mean that we will have to use all the powers that are disposed to tackle structural inequality that exists in Scotland. Of course, we look forward to the advice from the new independent poverty and inequality commission. To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to reduce the number of disabled people on housing waiting lists. The Scottish Government wants disabled people in Scotland to have access to homes that enable them to participate as full and equal citizens. Our disability delivery plan sets out a number of housing-related commitments that support that ambition. That includes the requirement for each local authority to include a realistic target for the delivery of wheelchair-accessible housing as part of its local housing strategy and to report annually on its progress. We are also working with health and social care partnerships, disability organisations and the housing sector to ensure that those in need of adaptations to their home can access those services. An investigation by the independent has revealed figures obtained from councils indicating that almost 10,000 disabled people are on waiting lists, but many of those people are stuck in unsuitable council houses and are still on waiting lists, requesting a move five years on and much greater numbers than that. Does the minister agree that it is intolerable for any person to be trapped in their home that does not suit their needs? Does the minister not agree that it is time for today's more dramatic action to serve those people who need a move to a more suitable accommodation? As I said in my first answer, local authorities have a key role in planning for the housing needs of everyone in their community, including those who require housing that is wheelchair-accessible. I think that people should have the homes that suit their needs. Work is under way to develop guidance for local authorities and other stakeholders on the need to set that realistic target of delivery for wheelchair-accessible housing across all tenures and not just social housing. That will be incorporated into the revised local housing strategy guidance, which will be reviewed later on this year. At this moment, the latest available statistics show that 91 per cent of the housing that we are delivering in our housing programme is housing for varying needs, and that is welcome. I expect that standard to continue. I also met housing conveners at COSLA this morning and reiterated what I have said previously about subsidy levels for wheelchair-accessible housing, where we will be flexible and, beyond that, I have asked them to take account of their waiting lists to see exactly what housing is required to reach that realistic target that we all want to see. I welcome that answer. Will the minister acknowledge that people with disabilities who struggle to find suitable housing are not just a question of those in wheelchairs, but a whole range of people with walking difficulties and breathing difficulties who need ground floor properties need to be recognised? Does the minister not believe that there is now time for a more specific strategy that ensures that, for example, the model that Glasgow has adopted, where more than 20 units have been built, that 10 per cent of those units should be readily adaptable? Does the minister think that that might be a way forward, given that he has made commitments to meet in the past, till he will think seriously about concrete proposals to make sure that we are not in this position at the end of this Parliament? I do not want to be dictatorial to local authorities, because each local authority has to assess its own needs. During the Christmas and New Year holiday period, I spent a long time looking at council's strategic housing investment plans. For example, Angus Council has worked out that its requirement for specialist housing is 16 per cent of the houses that it is building. I do not want to be prescriptive in that, but what I want—as I said earlier, I reiterate it again to housing conveners today—is for them to assess well exactly what is required. In some cases, that is easier for councils who have their own council housing, because they can make assessments from waiting lists about what is required. However, I would also expect councils who do not have their own housing to co-operate with housing associations to see exactly what is required in their area. As I said previously, the Government will be flexible about subsidy on those issues, because I, like Ms McNeill, want to see more housing for specialist needs, whether that be wheelchair accessible or for varying needs, as I stated earlier. Finally, to members and to people out there, we have a really good service in Scotland, Housing Option Scotland, which will help disabled and older people with advice and advocacy on their housing needs. I urge all members to use that service if they deem it appropriate.