So we'll start off with the president of PSSI India. We'll start off by on day one with the president of PSSI India, Mr. Anant Pillai, who will be giving out the KG award and introducing our award winner here. Good morning, everyone. How are you today? Feeling great and kicked up about Picon India? Okay, warm welcome to everyone and welcome to the seventh edition of Picon India 2015. So when we, you know, started this off in 2009 as a fully volunteer-driven, you know, conference, could never imagine that we'll be doing this for, you know, after seven years because it was pretty ad hoc and kind of came out of discussions in the mailing list, but I'm pretty happy to see that, you know, that spirit has continued and the people who kind of started that seven years back. Now, we have become a little bit older, people including me and Visor, hopefully. Now we have, you know, a lot of younger people, the younger generation coming in, taking care of the conference and it is still completely volunteer-driven. So big hand to all the Picon India volunteers who made this happen. Thank you. So today we have with us two of our distinguished guests, Dr. Ajit Kumar and Mr. Nikola Stolarvi. Ajit Kumar is our keynote speaker for today. A very warm welcome to him. We also have another distinguished guest, Mr. Vijay Kumar who is our Kenneth Gonzalez Award winner for 2015. So welcome all of you to the Picon India. Before we start the proceedings, I just thought I'll share a few thoughts about and some statistics maybe, you know, to bore you a bit, so that we have an idea of what has been happening behind the scenes. This year we had 1,560 registrations, the highest so far in Picon India history. You know, the number of delegates, number of people who are attending this, they represent nearly 550 different organizations. I'll tell you how we arrived at all these stats. We used a Python package. And some of you must have guessed what that is. So this time we have 50% retention, which is actually a record. So 50% of people who visited last year have come back this year. So there are 50% of new faces. Welcome to all the new faces. We have a much higher participation of women this year. It is up by 5% if I'm right. And I think it is 18% of the total participation. This year we have introduced new initiatives like childcare in order to kind of facilitate the women's participation because last year the stats told us that most of the women who want to attend, they had the main problem is basically with the family and bringing kids. So we have taken care of that this year. We had a dev sprint for the first time in Picon India. That was yesterday. It happened. So a lot of new initiatives, completely different conference. So welcome you all once more. Our next agenda is to introduce Mr. Vijay, who is the KG Award winner for this year. Big hand to Mr. Vijay. So Mr. Vijay has embedded software, developer and trainer at Xilogic Systems. So apart from developing Python-based embedded systems based on Telit, he is a big community contributor for Python. He kind of kicked off the GNU Linux user group of Trichy back in 2001 when he was an undergrad there. Since then he has been actively involved in helping to organize meetups, workshops, demos and conferences. He got associated with Chennai Py in 2010, the Chennai Python users group. And since then he has kind of accelerated the group and he has rapidly expanded the quality of the meetups. And the diversity of the people attending it. So if you go to ChennaiPy.org, which I think is the homepage, you will find that all the meetups are well documented and the minutes are all there along with the photos for people to see. It's a pretty interesting group. So I invite Vijay to come on stage and accept the KG Award certificate and the cash award for 40,000 rupees. Requesting Vijay to speak a few words. Thank you, Anand. It's an honor to receive the KG Award. And I would like to thank the Indian Python community and the PSI for recognizing my work and selecting me for this award. For the past few years, my focus has been on running Chennai Py and promoting Python by running meetups, professional quality meetups. All this would not have been possible with the support of the community at Chennai. I'd like to thank all the people in the Chennai Python user group for contributing to the development of Chennai Py. Any volunteer work, lots of volunteers over here, any volunteer work that you do cannot be done without eating into the other work time and your family time. So I would like to thank my parent company, Zilogic Systems, and my family members for their support and encouragement. And Anand wanted me to talk something about what we have been doing in Chennai Python user group. So just a few words before I wind up. So I inherited the role of coordinating the Chennai Python user group after the previous coordinators of the Chennai Python user group actually moved away.  But then at one point I decided, okay, it's not going to work this way. What do we have to do? We have to do it in the best way possible. Do it with utmost care and sincerity. So let's do it and take it to the next level. And since then we have been trying to do the activities in Chennai Python in a big way. And we run every meet-up as if it were a micro-conference. So that's the care we take in running each meet-up. So if you want to talk more about this, we have an open space discussion that's set up for discussing Python community activities. We'll probably meet over there and discuss more in detail. So thanks everybody for this award. And I assure that we take Chennai Python and promoting Python to the next level. Thank you. Thank you Vijay for that brief note. Let me give a big hand to Dr. Rajit Kumar, our keynote speaker for today. Welcome Dr. Rajit to the stage. Good morning everybody. First of all let me thank the organizers for calling me for this. And also congratulate Vijay for the award. See generally what happens is when people are working very well and doing some cutting edge contributions then they are invited to present papers. And after that stage when you are not doing something substantial then you give a general talk, right? That's when you grow old. So that's my role today. And about myself, I've been using Python and somewhat fascinated and I've been trying to do the job of a postman most of the time, take the Python development, taking it to schools and colleges and mostly focusing on science education because that is where I make a living. So I'll just talk about, everyone knows about the history of computer education. It all started with the proliferation of IBM PCs, the Clones basically, IBM PC Clones somewhere started in 83. And in 90 we had the multimedia PCs running another avenue, a lot of education software came. And initially it was like learning something new. That was the machine itself was new. So teaching computers means learning the operating system, the concept of files, directory. Most of the things didn't really have a use in itself but it was learning the technology. And MS-DOS was the OS. And we had applications like, I don't think many of you have seen it, but there are some, a lot of one-toothed spreadsheet and other things. And this condition, my first exposure with a group of school students, it was in 97. It was in a vacation after the, you know, 10 standard exams. We had some 100 students. In groups we trained them. And what I noticed was, after two, three weeks, several sessions, they learned the basics and they also were introduced to basic program. That time basic language was part of it. And the students were, I mean, I was quite surprised they were very quickly catching up with the logic, say, drawing circles or maybe writing a program for writing a multiplication table or such things. So I had a feeling, okay, things were going in the right direction because this is a useful tool. Then things changed for the worse. It's my personal view. Office software is branded as education software. It started creeping in. I'll give you a demo. Suppose you want to teach. I want to teach you the number system. One, two, three, four. So this is a magic good way of doing it. See, one. Right? This is how you teach. You sing. Power. I have a strong doubt these programmers are inspired by something else. This comes from here. They're anyway. So then we became the victims of bloatware. And I am myself a personal. Personally, I'm a victim of that. In 95, I had a 386 machine. And the only word processing I did was in a replying to communications come from other people. They come as .doc files. What happened is, I remember clearly, then I got the message and I tried to open the file. This required the next version of that particular software to read that document. So that is all it's like pre-planned. So then I bought the next version of that office package, tried to install it. It told it needs the higher version of the operating system. That is Windows 95. Anyway, I was working in a rich organization spending public money. So it was no issue. You have to raise an intense meter signature by that. Then I started installing that next OS. It told it needs a 486, not a 386. Total cost was around 1.2 lakhs or something. And I still have not figured out why I had to spend that money. So it was not, I was not alone. The entire thing was driven to, you know, more and more powerful hardware. And all we were doing is word processing and power point presentation. I would normally say powerless and pointless things. And this somewhere, and in between there are some good multimedia programs, of course, but mostly they were mimicking a TV. But here what is the relevance of Python? What we have to do is probably we have to really define what is the role of computers in education. It should be taught for enhancing the quality of education, not something, just to introduce something new. We should talk about computer-added education, not just teaching computers, right? It should be a tool to learn core subjects. Suppose we go with that concept. Say Python, I'm just, see, there are enormous number of applications I'm not even aware of. Python, say, web-based things. But here in science, actually we use, say, applied mathematics. There are a lot of things that whatever is shown in that yellow, I take some special interest, that is experimental data creation and control. You connect it to hardware and do real experiments. So these are Python's basic capabilities. And suppose if you take it to lowest levels, schools. Schools, we teach the basic physics. This everyone knows that s is equal to half u t square, this linear motion, the equations. And textbooks, if you go through that, you'll find the equations and the graphs printed. It's a matter of writing two or three lines of Python code. You really understand how that graphs are coming and you can change the parameters. And it gives a better understanding to the subject which you are learning, whether it is mathematics, physics, chemistry or anything. And on this front, when I was trying to look for resources, what I find is a lot of good programs in vPython and other things, simulations are there on the net. And a lot of material to teach Python. But I didn't find much material, which is only, say, 10 or 20 lines of code that will help you to learn the subjects. One probable solution is like in Indian context, if I'm talking, take all these plus one, plus two or ten standard textbooks and we should try to have Python companion books for that. Like all the exercises, graphs, everything. Small, small, I mean the upper limit of the code should be something 15 or 20 lines. Nothing more than that should be accepted. Because then it becomes a programmer's job. I mean, without becoming a programmer, how to utilize the power of Python? Slightly advanced level. Anyway, this is not that advanced example I have taken. When I go to colleges, people doing MSC or even research thing, mostly they need these tools to manipulate big matrices generate some graphics and do operations like integration different. This I have taken a, this output, you see, this from the website I have taken. So Chua circuit, it's a special something to study chaos. And there's a MATLAB simulation output. I just rewrote a small code in Python. This is the output. So the areas people use MATLAB and Mathematica, they probably need some help to get them into Python. And these are also interesting fields. I mean, you can learn something new. Okay, this, don't worry. This is where I use at least Python for simple things like this is a accelerator cavity. So small accelerating gaps you apply voltages and you see how the energy of particle increases. This is a small Python code, which there are other programs complicated things. We use simulation programs, but just to do a quick checking, I still use Python. And now I'm coming to an area where I just do something. That is the actual science experiments. There you need a hardware. You have to connect something to Vijay also working similar things. So you have to have external hardware. Then you have to have some real-time control and data execution. So this was achieved by combining a microcontroller with a PC. So you run C program or assemble a microcontroller, Python on a PC and they communicate. It's a job division actually. All real-time jobs go here, all processing and graphics with Python. The strong point of Python and microcontroller both are utilized. So then this already last year it was presented. I'll just skip through that. This equipment you can see that on the web. The details are there. So this was the first attempt to make a very low-cost tool available in this area. You can see that some experiment running. This is another one. This is another one. Just drop something to floor and you measure the time of flight. You can see here, a metal ball here. It just falls to ground and generates a vibration. The box times it actually. It measures time with a fraction of millisecond resolution. Anyway, this is, you can find on x, y's, dot, n's details are there. And this project actually is also growing by community support. Last year Google summer of course, I mean Praveen got some support. He did some work. This is another one because whatever I showed you is a first level. And this next one you will find it is hackaday.io, a Python-powered scientific instrumentation tool. I'm not doing it. It's much more complex and more accurate than what I have done. It uses Python and microcontrollers. And in a different manner, I call it is next generation software because my son is doing it. There is no other way it is next generation software. So again coming back to our main topic, like how we can utilize Python? What is the advantage? So again we tried to define how Python should be used in a school or college environment. The present situation wherever you go, you find conventional PCs, maybe taking 100 watts power. And in India everywhere you'll find a big UPS system. And what they do? Word processing. I mean like these are our requirements you can see. Word processing generally we teach and some programming languages, scientific computation, simulations. So you add anything to that list. Do we really need a power hungry processor for that? What I've seen is if you take a small ARM processor board plus a monitor, most of the jobs are done. And at present, Raspberry Pi, the second version, seems to be a good candidate for that. I did some tests on that, comparing it. And it's here. This screen, screen shot is from Raspberry Pi. Here I am running, say, X, Y. It is connected to the hardware and constantly updating the graph. Some simulation outputs. And this one I'm able to, you know, use it. This I didn't expect actually. This is a 3D rendering. That also it is handling reasonably smooth. And this also you can use other ARM boards with one GB RAM, like QB board, Mars board. There are many options out there. But Raspberry Pi is much better considering their support and, you know, user base. And also one can think of designing on our own. This is something I did, but I failed miserably. That is, I didn't have maybe that much exposure to that. I made a board with all the specifications. Got it fabricated, but somehow it did not work. And it was all done using, again, open source EDA tools like iCAD. You can do schematic, you know, PCB layout, everything in that. This is a project probably some good engineers can take up and, you know, make an ARM board like Raspberry Pi and, you know, we can have something local also. Because the component costs are only $10 to $15. Those processors are very cheap now. Now I'll just talk some of my personal experiences where I started. They are told that this is a problem when you call old people. Let's talk about the past. So I got into this, I mean, Python via the Linux root, the free software. In anti-4, I was using a dose before that. And that Windows 3.1 was there sitting on those. And I wanted to have a multi-user system which supports networking everything. And that's the point I came across Linux for the first time. And it was available on Threes Floppy's. And kernel version in 94 was, February was less than 1.99 something. And surprisingly, everything works very well for me. Writing a device driver and working graphics, code, everything. A lot of information. So that's where first I realized that communities support how important it was. And inspired by that, then I thought if it is very useful for me, because running a machine or something which runs 24 hours, 365 days, a particle accelerator, we run on a network of some 20 Linux machines. And so 2001, I thought we'll just go to schools and try to push the free software idea. And this project, there are a lot of people, FSF India, Trivandrum, finally, the ITS school project of Kerala it started on proprietary and shifted 100% to free software. That time mostly I was promoting terminal servers so that you can have reduced hardware cost. It is no more relevant at the moment, because hardware already is cheaper. Then around 2005, got into this computer interface science experiments. One reason is I realized that I cannot write good software so why not combine it with hardware? We have something different. So made some devices, a Palaport device and it's all called that is only language that I was comfortable because 87 onwards I was using C. Everything was written in C and the project was released. Then somebody else came and he wrote a paper here in Linux Gazette in 2005. So these five lines so this you can see the same thing a relay and metal ball and railroad speaker, measured that time of flight and published it here. That's promo actually. He registered I think he didn't come and that point I thought I had to learn Python so that is 2004 so my Python is not very old and after that I have been going with Python mostly to science teachers and colleges and schools so every year at the university accelerator center we conduct training programs for teachers 6 day training for physics teachers so conducted around 20 programs like that and also go around and conduct one day workshops that includes actually free software Linux, Python and XPY and also wrote a small book that is for B.S.C. Mass People of Collective University. This one again our internal use since I was using Python for the other thing I realized that it is useful for my main area of work also like you can see these three lines of code capable of controlling or you know monitoring any parameters in our particle accelerator so there is library hidden so that helped actually people the developers of accelerators and users who are not familiar with programming to quickly get something done and all it goes on the TCPIP network and this I am not giving much details you can get it much better from the web if you take any field of science there are large number of packages available on the web so I thought I will not really you know explain them and most of them is really actually leveraging on the scientific computation and the graphics capabilities of Python like scipy, matplotlib iavi and all those things now I will talk about some grievances right so I see whether I can get some you know support on that I generally go with a bootable pendrive so yesterday also I talked to a group of teachers some 25 30 people so they bring their laptops and to run this show I have to install this xpy software a lot of other say matplotlib and scipy and umpy everything the easiest thing is to take a bootable media a pendrive or a cd and the participants laptops we boot from that and run the show and then I realized now there are some new problems this is old one see initially in 90s the problem which we faced when going to free software was some network drivers printers these things were not available and there were xwindow graphics was small very slow and there were less number of applications even the open office came later earlier it was taro fees and that hurdles in the past it was over but the new ones came actually so now what we are facing is the new hurdles that cartoon you might have seen so every time when I go to a place and people come say maybe somebody say last year this last month also I had a program some 20 people around 17 laptops two of them I could not boot because you cannot disable that boot that secure thing that boot is very dangerous so finally that laptop could not be used so then I tell them before you pay your money at least you make sure that you can run the OS what you want the other cartoon anyway you know how it makes you secure right tie the lasers together you are very safe and technical support you know some type of some support very easy to get on the net see when I realized all these things I am having some business ideas since all these if suppose at this rate when I conduct the training program the two will become 20 then I will not be able to conduct any training programs right so then I thought yesterday only this slide was added because after that program why not enter business everybody is entering into business right so I thought I will set up a crockery shop forget about the spelling mistake English not my mother tongue so I call it as my crockery shop so the deal is you pay the price of a burnt good ceramic mug cup what you get is a disposable plastic cup and I will give you a sellotape free because when the cup gets thrown you can repair it with sellotape an investment partner you told some 500 companies are there right so I hope somebody will and now you may be thinking nobody will buy that right so this idea is no good for this money nobody is going to pay that you are wrong here at least 100 people I will find because there are people who pay for an OS and accept a pre-installed recovery CD right they don't get an installable media so that they can wipe out their hardware and they are reinstalling it today so that kind of people are and thinking by potential customers so I hope now I have some investment partners coming up so the message is probably we have to keep our freedom so probably I would say I like to emphasize on two points one is python gives us a different kind of power education that is you can redefine the requirement and even your hardware requirements are becoming smaller think of a lab where you put say some arm machines like raspberry pi set 10 or 20 of them 5 plus 15 something like 20 watts and put a big battery and a solar panel so it's going to be very economic and environment friendly so to do I mean as far as I can see it can do all your needs teaching programming or teaching science or any other thing you don't have to really keep on investing on hardware and that and running all sorts of unwanted software so that means you can increase the efficiency of the overall system and another thing is see python the thing I am standing here is it's an open source tool suppose if there is a VB coin even if it is much better than python probably I wouldn't have come because you know the technical capability is not the only criteria because you are in an open source environment that is what you prefer so there also we have to see whether we are able to preserve that freedom like the freedom to buy the hardware you like and the freedom to run the OS of your preference if there is any empty string one should realize that and that's all I have to say any audience, any member from the audience who wants to ask something anyone who wants to ask no one? okay so there is one candidate is it prominent in any other countries is there any initiative taken by other countries or like we are the first? see that way you are talking about this just the python it is see if a raspberry pi itself is running worldwide right means every machine is going with python and the stuff which I was talking about that XPY skit that around 25% of that has been sold outside India mostly in Europe, France Canada, USA some export market is there but basically it is not moving that faster because we do not have that kind of marketing the people who are making it they are not marketing it really they are just selling it so this python right is it because just the hardware that you are talking about are there any specific advantages that they have in education in learning the fast in the learning experience I did not probably since you asked that question for example maybe matlab looks like more tempting to like just store it in rather than python right right so since you asked let me just see see this is the desktop which I put on the bootable pen drive and I normally go with a book and also there is a small program which is a code browser I will just put it there and see there are small programs learning something it gives the output here there are so many other say if we talk about science say I take physics say mechanics a simple mass and spring problem that we do in the very basic classes and these sort of things I find python so you see this only hardly 10 or 20 lines of code which shows you that you know how to run that simulation you cannot see any other language that you know like for trance see or anything they can do it that easily and matlab of course the proprietary nature the cost everything matters python I find for teaching science it has very good potential school level especially the plus two and all because most of the time what you mug up like you suppose say you see an equation a complex equation when you really see it in action you get a better idea say just we will take a very small say here this one plot r is equal to cos k theta right in python it is only four lines of code it gives a graph like this suppose my intention is to explore this equation its behavior not learning python I make it 4 as for 0.4 I get it like this so then you are see your intention is to explore the mathematical equation it looks dull when it is written like this but when you see the plot it is something different say here another small equation here I will just run it it uses mayavi mayavi takes a bit of time loading see this is the same picture you have seen in your chemistry text books right that p orbital or something in 12 standard or even 10 standard just solving an equation the function that is spherical harmonics display so all these things if I try to or if you want more entertainment say make a fractal and all these programs are always you know I do not write big programs here it is all maximum you can do it in 20 lines or something like that that I see as a real you know advantage and if you just these are other animations again matclotlib and you know this is again you know study on this kaos lauren systems and this people mostly do these things I know those who are working in this area mostly people are using matlab at the moment and I am just telling some of them at least you know convert it into python give a try so you are not worried about licensing anymore so this another one actually is then again studying the neurons you know some equations you have put and see how this what the phenomena called amplitude depth and other you do not ask me too much I am not a biologist but I just take their equations and try to write the code and tell them to just see whether it it is useful and this I find it is quite easy because this is the actually some of the equations here so that I think it is true in any field of education you can easily learn that maybe I learnt with the see this argument is always there which language is better maybe I learnt which is somewhat I believe in in our language there is a saying there is a story about that you must be knowing there is a hermit who had the rat problem in his hermitage so ratman is finally somebody asked you advice you keep a cat so cat will cast the mouse and you will be peaceful he obeyed that then the problem was you have to feed the cat milk is naked he has to keep a cow for that then finally you know he finally married and settled as a so his original way of life was lost normally I say when a physicist or mathematician if you are getting into programming you have to be careful you should stay with your subject if you go with C and you will solve the problem by the time you solve your problem you have become a programmer rather than a programmer you also have attention will drift but python with I have seen that will not happen because you stay focused on your subject and learning python that effort is very very minimal and that is where I prefer that is the only it is a personal belief problem may be wrong and with that belief only I just go and tell people ok just switch over to python start using it any other questions I have one more question just to forward yes sorry my name is Venkat I am just curious to know why python has been used for developing the youtube application other than it is open source is there any advantage from technical point of view no that I think some experts here will tell you because that web programming using python I know it is very see it is more video intensive application youtube as everybody knows so that only that somebody who is programming in that you know area can tell why it is you know done maybe somebody else can answer another anyone can answer that question this one ok so I had the same question to him you know when I visited there like 2 years back which was actually that in python US at that time so the answer was that python is used in c++ and python is used in the api from the front end to the back end ok because it is amazing as an api language it is like a glue language both in terms of if you want to use it as a glue for connecting c to python this is what some of the scientific things do that is one way of using it as a glue language another is as an api language so that is what python is used for not for any processing I will try to talk about it later any other question so I will add something to that now since Anand told that this is what he told is true for all the scientific computational when I talk about all these integration or matrix manipulation then by python it is all old FORTRAN libraries or C libraries just so load by python that is the fact Mr. Ajit first of all big hand for that I just had a couple of questions and maybe one suggestion one is that is there a community in trying to help teach python to kids for learning science and math and stuff like that is there a community effort that is either part of python groups or something else that you are aware of 4C Mumbai 4C group is there ok it is an active community in the sense that that is one second thing is that it will be great if you can do one open space with people who are that is probably where you are going to get a lot of help you mentioned that there are some packages that cannot be marketed and stuff like that but also probably a lot of entrepreneurs here who may be interested in getting involved so my request to you is maybe in open space you can set up like a 15 minute 30 minute slot we will be happy to come down we will discuss how we can help after this we can talk I have one more question so if we see countries like US, UK, France, Australia and some European countries most of them are using python as a primary programming language in India even for engineering students we are still teaching C language as the primary language do you have anything to comment on that I can only answer in terms of physics you know physics don't take it very seriously we have to call it inertia suppose see I cannot push this because it is inertia heavy but a small laptop I am able to push India is a big country we call it a very huge country and we have huge inertia so whatever whatever so we don't change fast actually what happened is FORTRAN was initially taught in schools and colleges most of the if you see the history in the 80's when the computer labs were set up in all universities it was done by either physics people or math people because there was no computer science at that time in 80's we was calculating it also so they were comfortable FORTRAN then industry was more with C, C++ so finally for I am talking about school education whatever the CBC allowed they put C++ but they never realized that this C++ is a separate compartment and it never interacted with the other PCM physics chemistry so it was a parallel track and the only reason was those who introduced the language did not have any you know just teach students one programming language maybe in future it will be useful to them that's all it's a different thing you want to see these three things are going physics chemistry, maths or other whatever they should support the other three and CBC finally they have realized that they higher up and last year now for you know plus one and plus two you have an option to take C++ or python but it is an opportunity but what is really happening is no schools are it's an option school wise they can choose these or that and I have not seen any school actually switching over to python because they are mainly again inertia to some extent and they are a bit afraid also who will support so our python communities probably the service we can do is approach these schools and see whether we can give some support and at least pursue them to switch over so that the long run things will happen also tell them python also has good job opportunities Hi, I have a question so the thing is that you said python for education class 10, 11, 12 you mentioned that physics equations can be translated into programs and you can see the simulation and visualize it and all so is there any work going on in that field like have you done some see I do a little bit but if you see on the internet many people are doing like if you take the python visual v python site and a lot of simulation but what I find is see programmers have a tendency sometimes make it too fancy you write a code it is file lines it is doing the job but then we add bells and whistles and make it 100 lines nobody else understand that so that is the only trouble I am seeing so what we need is give the core thing these file lines and tell you know students no you do whatever you want so what I was telling is a lot of programs and lot of literatures to teach python you need small fragments say maybe 10 lines 50 lines 5 lines and just plot an equation so that at that point the confidence also is very high see there 2 lines I can easily learn and one thing that will vanish is I know how this at least to BSE, MSC level they are teaching C, C++ and students just mug up these they know there are 10 programs they have to learn that will be asked in the exam they just mug it up including semicolon and colon and everything and python the trouble is there is no semicolon to mug up there is nothing there is nothing so that is a big decision those who want to really mug up something there is nothing so I normally when I give elementary python talk I will tell them only thing to remember is if there is a block indentation there is no semicolon if you can remember that somehow you are through that is the feeling I got I also told I don't have that much experience in python it is only 10 year old python that too forced by promote one last thing so the thing is you said that you are also working with particle accelerators so I just want to know like which team you are working with this I tell you I work in a particle accelerator lab that was the first lab established for Indian universities in 1984 it was established because Indian universities did not have a particle accelerator for that so UGC thought it is better and now university can afford to have it on their own because hundreds of crores investment so initially we started with 16 million volt accelerator and that was started in 1990 started operating and then we started working on a superconducting linear accelerators and that is commissioned five years back now presently I am involved in another linear accelerator design so these are basically we do mostly the design development and maintenance and see even that kit what I was talking about is a byproduct of this because I 87 I got into accelerator control system there you are having hundreds of parameters interface to computer here you reduced into small box with 10 or 15 otherwise the accelerator usage is mainly nuclear physics material science pure physics fundamental physics only one last question anybody has anybody has any last one more question on top hello thank you so much so my question is again the connectivity in India meaning spreading the information is much harder than say in US or somewhere where internet access is much more accessible and also you have educational distribution channels also which are much better probably than in India can we do something on that friend to better the I mean so I guess if can we do online courses I mean courses that are recorded and then it can be passed on just like as you are sharing the pen drive maybe pass on pen drive with courses of how to go about these things because I think even there's a fundamental problem that is the way things are taught is not from conceptual understanding of things that but from a mugging a point of view how much ever we might try to change that at the lowest level it will still be quite hard to change that attitude so even if you push python it will be the new thing that will get mugged up so I feel if we can have a mechanism by which people who are enthusiastic come collect videos and inspirations of you know how it's used in industry also maybe and then you know push it through channels that we have access to like US or other ones I feel that might reach people the right people with the same own enthusiasm and which might I think make a slightly better difference I would like to know your question your thoughts on the same I think that way if you are looking I think our biggest we have to use existing system right so that way the biggest arena is our schools and colleges so you see getting 100 guys together that is the best place and my personal view is at the moment if you can talking into very concrete terms if we make a task force all the python enthusiasts and make something concrete we will approach 100 schools offer them initiation into python and also convince them how it is going to see that's always I have have been hammering on how it will help other subjects and they know C++ doesn't help teaching other subjects at all and give a little bit of you know and holding we'll save for a while and then the bootable media I find it is very useful because if you ask people ok install these that somewhere they get you know they have a problem but the other one within 2 minutes you are up and running and either a DVD or actually 4C project program and also they used to give this sort of bootable DVDs and now actually pendrives are much more easier but we have to approach schools and colleges that's what my feeling that is where the potential customers are sitting thanks a lot for the insightful keynote and the anecdotes Dr. Rajit and thanks a lot for your questions if you want to speak to Dr. Rajit further you can you know catch him in the hallway or in the open space so I think thanks a lot


Okay, hello, welcome back to the channel Hello, welcome back to the channel It's been about I think it's by the time I upload this video. It's been about 50 days Almost 50 days since we last uploaded the video 40 days in the desert. Yeah It's been a long time. We had some technical difficulties. No We had a child and we had some technical difficulties Yeah, okay, so last week we recorded a video to do two videos and Although while there's that we recorded and finished Kwame didn't check one microphone Yes, he wanted to shut me up and it worked because she couldn't hear me in the videos So Yeah, we're back again. Yes to record this time. It's recording. So we're good. Who are you? so my name is Kwame and This is me plus you is us and my name is Elaine. All right. So in today's video as you can see from the caption We're gonna talk about things that surprised us having a Child little nugget. Yeah. Yes, but what we're gonna do is Elaine has put down things that surprised her that I'm gonna react to them Yes, that's basically what's gonna happen. So see if he's on the same page Yes, whether we're on the same page with surprise or not. Okay. Let's get it. I route them down I did my homework. I Wonder which one okay The first one. Okay. All love songs have a new meaning Yeah, it's true. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, definitely all our songs have a new meaning. Yeah when you listen now, of course Yeah, you don't feel it on the Romantic level anymore. No, it's like it's it's deeper. Yes Yeah, all our songs have a when you so when you sing Them to him it makes sense Yeah, it makes a lot of sense. Yes. Yeah. So the love the love has gone beyond the All the mushy Man-woman or boyfriend girlfriend or husband wife Level to a much deeper I don't know how to explain it. That's just expanded. I think yeah, it's it's it feels Pura selfless like you don't even think about it. You just feel I just yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I and our song is Um What Our favorite song our favorite family song at the moment Now I do Yeah, I love black Yeah, that's our favorite song now But are you gonna explain why or you just want to oh, okay? Okay? Okay? I didn't know I was supposed to explain but the reason why it's our favorite song is uh, we made a playlist I don't know if I should even share the link to the playlist. No, okay Good. We made a playlist make your own playlist We made a playlist for uh, labor for the room we're going to be in and we named it Eli's room and Before we unfortunately the playlist was too short Yeah, because we had three days. Yeah some complications with the birth. So the playlist was too short But anyway before we got into labor we would listen to the songs to also get used to it because it's good for You to know the songs beforehand for you to calm you down when things get like really Rough and one of the songs that hit home for us was uh, now I do I love black and Yeah, they can listen if they want to yeah but also other songs like classics like Uh, you are so beautiful. Yeah to me to me All of them in the the meaning change. Yeah, so Yeah, that's how come we got that song and um, yeah, it's We come up I I have a whole list but I will just hop on hop off Um The the second one for me Is a big one you don't need as much sleep as you thought you needed Okay, I don't think that's a surprise for me Um, because I still I still can't function without the sleep and I kind of expected it that it would be Terrible. I just didn't think it would be that bad Yeah, I anticipated that the sleep would not be there, but I didn't think it would be this like whoa I think for us it's also We really like to sleep We are not night owls or anything like that. So I think that's why it was quite an adjustment because now so for me what surprised me is that I really have a rhythm according to the time of the day So in the morning I do certain things to wake up like start my day how I want to start my day Afternoon you get very productive then evening you wind down, but now because you're like 24 seven on the clock Yeah It's it messed with my head a bit and I was like, well I didn't even know I was so much like attuning to the time of the day Like my energy levels were attuned to kind of the rhythm of the day and now your rhythm is like All mangled up. It's a whole cycle. Yeah Was not necessarily mangled up mangled up, but it's been chopped into very little pieces. Yeah, like you're doing a Like a kilometer or a mile at a time Yeah, and it's like every kilometer is the same but different Yeah, you know, but also I do think that now I'm getting used to less sleep You are Yes, I still need like the naps. Yeah So sometimes I nap an afternoon and I wake up and I feel like my second morning has started I'm so fresh. I'm like, yeah It's a beautiful day and it's still the same day and I'm like, oh my god, what's happening to me? Yeah Well, I think I'm adjusting and the funny thing is that even no matter how rough the night was so if he was up a lot Like one half hours two hours like you missed out on that chunk of sleep If the baby smells in the morning And the way it looks at you it's like He plays with like, you know playing by himself and smiling at you when you make a noise or something And then yeah, you forget everything you forget everything It's a trap. Don't don't buy it.  Yeah Yeah, I didn't expect that Yeah, that that that too.  Yeah, that's the word the comforts makes you yeah very creative and I think for us it's a lot of singing And dancing dancing moving motion a lot of motion But it's also funny to see the other person in that because normally I mean when you go about today I mean you do have times you kind of play like when you're playful But now you really have to you really see it in tune. You have to like it's very glaring that's Like you do it. It's a conscious effort to do because yeah But if before the baby was there if you would do something like that then it would be weird But now it's now now you have to Yeah, yeah, it's part of it's it's it's not even thought of You know it's now become part of Yeah, what you do what you do and who you are basically Yeah, and I try to one of the nerdy things I do is I try to record My favorite fake not fake lullabies lullabies. I make up on the spot. Yeah improvise lullabies. Yes. I record them That's one that's very sticky.  I think somebody should record this one. Yeah, it's a good one So yeah, I made up on the spot and and sometimes it works sometimes it doesn't but when it sounds like it has a rhythm I try to record it on my phone so I can remember. Yeah, that's nice um Your survival mode will kick in What the baby needs is very primal So you'll learn a lot about your instincts and I think this one has a big one as so For us being quite analytical people. Yeah What the baby the baby doesn't care really about your personality or about your ways of doing things or why He doesn't know doesn't care doesn't know doesn't care it like it's very primal like food sleep comfort change of diaper Bath that's literally it. Yeah, so As us being very analytical Yeah play like stimulation. Yeah I thought that was more like comfort. So that's like, okay um before the marcos has bad parents marked, okay So for for at least for me if I have to speak for myself You cannot say, okay, I will get back to you in a day like normally I think through things quite Long and now you just have to like act and trust your gut and just think okay This what I think it is sometimes you're wrong. Sometimes you're right So it's a whole new thing to rely so much on your instincts. Yeah instead of your rationale And I also or we discovered for me it was really Tough because I wanted to understand everything the baby is doing Like why is it crying? Why is doing this? Why is it? Yeah, it was tough. Why is it not latching? Why is he doing this? Why is he back after 30 minutes? Why why is he hungry again? It's not even three hours later when we went through cluster feeling it was a bit of a challenge Yeah, so I think you cannot understand everything. It's more like Hmm, what you say emotional, but not really it's a feel. It's a reactive. Yeah, it's you feel it You do it. You there's no there's no need to try and That's what you said primal. There's no need to try and understand it It's it's like this is what it needs and that's it's like no argument nothing And yeah, yeah, that's really something I have to get used to Now I think I'm getting there. Yeah, but I didn't know it would be this You're almost an animal. You're so reactive. Yeah, and very biological process. Yeah, and it's not like you are nonchalant about you know Certain things like, you know being analytical or giving Finding meaning to those emotions or whatever that you're feeling. It's not that but you cannot act upon that Yes, you can't act upon that. You just have to feed him thought like there's no We can talk about the feelings later. Yeah, there's no space. It's not easy for People who want to you know process their thoughts and emotions like we do before we speak about it And now we just have to shelve it And I I I don't struggle as much with shelving I don't know if that's a good thing. Yeah I just I love to shelve things Forget about them. I just have to do and I do and that's it. No, it's true um Yeah, I thought I knew it but it's different when you experience it.  Like you have to feed yourself going to work We have to get fuel. We have to do this. We have to do that. You are now doing it, but then with Another human being and you have to really start from scratch again. Like whatever you you thought you knew It's just doesn't exist now. Everything has to include how the baby is Part of it. So it's like a fresh. Yeah, you have to kind of start A new otherwise it's going to get very frustrating. Yeah, because they're like, oh, but normally I would go out There's no normally now. The wing. No, there's no normal now with him Yeah, even So Like to go for fufu on sunday. Normally I would join but now At least at this stage Because the music is very loud the fufu joins We cannot bring the baby or we can with any hats. I wear his headphones. See, there you go See, you have to like think through it. You can bring him and then you have to bring now. So what if he cries? What if this So now we have Decided that Krabber will go for fufu if I feel like eating something from there Bring it to me But in the meantime, I'll stay with the baby So you really have to think through like all your scenarios and okay, what if this what if that it's like, whoa Whoa, whoa, whoa, it's a lot. Yeah, it's a lot um Yeah, this one may be related to that so It's really important to step out And it's very hard Practically and mentally to step out of the house without your baby. I mean leave your baby with somebody That's normal. We don't mean leave your baby alone. Yeah, but It's really important to Zoom in and zoom out of the situation because if you're only focusing on the baby Your world gets really small and you get very Tensed about things Because then the baby is the only thing there So I think it's important to any years will get prickly Me or people in general no in generally like you become very um You've gone so uh focused on details. Yeah, because that's your whole world And I think of course like you want to pour everything into parenthood But a parent is not the only thing you are And I think for us to survive it is in a way We're trying to make a conscious effort to do the little things that We like to do Yeah, or even that you can just go to your office and work for an hour or two No disruption Um, it's just it's good to tap into other things as well. I think that works for us. Otherwise I don't think it's good for the baby either and the surprise here is when the baby was in there You took such things for granted like in the previous Observation that we said that normal You took those things for granted and now it's not normal anymore So you now have to make a conscious effort and we didn't think that that's how it's going to feel That the effort has to be that Deliberate yeah in order to be able to step out of the bubble in and out, you know over time Yeah, and I think also that suddenly everything is collective So That's surprising as well because for example if kraman doesn't sleep enough Then I have to step up or he has a like he can't get enough sleep in or he has to finish something So he doesn't sleep It means he probably will be less like alert or less energy that day So that means I have to step up automatically the same with suddenly me time or self-care It's into your time. So my self-care it's into your time Yeah While normally we would just go like separate ways and just do our own things and come back and meet Yeah, I could go for coffee with my friends and then kraman would do something else But now if I go for coffee with my friends, I want to go without the baby It eats into kraman's time because that means he has to watch him. So that's something new as well So that relates to the one of the You're on borrowed time and it can be quite frustrating Yeah, you're literally on borrowed time and and sometimes I What what another thing that I think about a lot is like for how long man This has been a long time. When is it going to? Oh, like 80 years of your life for my own When is it going to change? No, I think I think for for me the borrowed time thing is Frustrating and I have to acknowledge that because You're always on demand I'm not used to that Like because I went to the office on Friday for the first time. I'm resume work And honestly It was nice because I have better boundaries at work than in house Yeah, because at work. I know like, okay, this is what I'm going to do now. Then I'm going to do this Then cold So you really like make a plan and then follow the plan because it's just you right or at least you work with colleagues and everything but Here I'm in halfway my exercises and then I left us crying. I'm like, no exercises for me Last time I had to cut my exercise 15 minutes of exercise on youtube. I had to cut it in six I started at 5.30. I was done by seven Because in the meantime you had to like take care and then go back and do something and go back Yeah, and I think It's okay to still want to do things for yourself It's just you have to make that adjustment like Okay, I can start this That's more like let's see how far we can come and that's Makes it's kind of a humbling experience It is to let go more and be more like, okay, this is what we now need Okay, this one is also nice So people talk about this like oh when you get a baby you will like it will Unlock like a whole new level of love It's true Because you've never experienced a bond with a creature like this before I mean, I never carried a baby before you never Became a father before but for me what is surprising is that it's not only with us Like the people around us Yeah That you see change in front of your eyes Because of the baby. Yeah, and the joy he brings and kind of the hope and Yeah, it's just he's like a glue that brings like it changes The your social circle like everybody Yes, and it also brings out another side of people. Yeah, which I think was is so interesting because um Travis brother for example, we he comes by from time to time But I never had seen him with a little child child and he's so good with them And I was like, oh like I literally text him like wow was so cool to see you with We had a small gathering and there were some kids and he was really good with them and I was like That's so nice. Yeah, and the gifts and how thoughtful the gifts was and everything Yeah, it's really nice and also friends that are that's are very confident with the baby Like they pick them up and they they know exactly that they have to walk around with the baby And move it and you're like, oh wow like I never knew you knew how to handle a baby um, so it also brings out other stories and you see people light up and Apply things they liked when they were little and yeah, it's really nice Yeah, I didn't know it's just about from the light of how they also get like really Nervous about when he's fussy or yeah Yeah, also how they handle him like very precious. Yeah That's crying like would make like, you know, I need to fix it. Yeah If it goes to fix you But it's just nice to see the change around you and See that people really like They they love him for who he is even though he's like just this tiny human being. Yeah, that's nice Uh, so the thing that surprised me most of the times you'll be overwhelmed Like 99% of the times I think that's not for me if if I'm being objective Then that's not surprised because yeah, that's that's literally it but I think okay So rationally I rationally I knew yeah bringing what a newborn in will be a lot. Yeah But you cannot understand in what ways yeah Because you're literally because it's so primal you're on a coping strategy So it brings out certain parts of you that you normally don't use in like your day to day as an adult Yeah You have the partnership going on as well You have other people in the mix You have like even basic things like cooking in the beginning in the first week We didn't know how when to cook. Nope Because we couldn't find the time you couldn't even think of what to eat And if I if you I would have told myself that before I would have just thought why there's no possible We're gonna make it we're gonna be fine. No. No, no when it was happening You just think from hour to hour Yeah And I think people should really tell you like do it you'll be overwhelmed the first six months and then after that you're getting It's literally a One hour or one schedule at a time I think it's okay to be overwhelmed because you've also never been like this dedicated to something Yes, you're literally his everything You're a source of feed a source of joy a source of sleep and comfort like you're doing everything Yeah, and we've never done that before so that commitment that dedication it requires a lot. Yeah Yes, even your sleep Yes Yeah, and then I mean I already talked about partnership, but I think you will become I mean You're much stronger partnership I guess so but in the beginning because everything is new it feels in the beginning a bit Distant like we're both Juggling a lot. So you're both thrown into like a new experience and You no longer see your partner Yeah, and also, yeah You don't see your partner the same way like they are completely different because the way they are going about Um ticking in this new experience is different from yours and you feel like there's a disconnect Yeah, and also because it's so like hands-on all the time. Yeah And we normally take some time to connect and like You know ground a bit, but there's no grounding now not really Everything's elevated all the time Everything is on this spot now all the time. Yeah. So you have to really cherish the small moments together Like being able to record this video. Yes Um I'm sure I'm sure well once we get a lot like get further in the process You'll find each other more and like the new role, but in the beginning it's It's a lot and I'm happy we have a good foundation Because if not your communication needs to be On point otherwise you get a lot of miscommunication and that doesn't help anybody And even before the baby came one of the things that our friends told us that we thought was really really cool was the fact that In the first few weeks everything that happens from midnight till 6 a.m Didn't happen. That's how they got through communicating properly so that they don't like they're not at each other's throats all the time I think we're doing okay in the night No, I'm just saying that's one of the things that's stuck to me in in that Learning from people who already had a child Was that yeah, you you have to be kind to each other and some of the things you just have to you know forget about it and move on Yeah, yeah also cannot discuss everything because there's just no time to do it. So yeah, you have to find a new way Yeah, I think that also relates to the last one I have here Uh, you will miss parts of your old life and that's okay Yeah What do you miss? freedom What do you mean with freedom because that's a concept big one set it's a big concept, but I'm just saying that The fact that My thoughts of me doing or wanting to do the things I want to do how I do it and how I add My family and friends or you into that plan and the fact that Because it's adults involved Like you can communicate what you're thinking or what you want to do and how you can Like you know add them to it And there's there could be understanding But at this point, there's nothing like that No There's somebody who can't speak Can't walk Can't eat on their own can't bath on their own. Yeah, you have to Who dictates what you do? Yeah Is what I'm trying to say. I think also we're very autonomous people Yeah, we're not used to Having a boss who doesn't In yes, we're very independent kind of Yeah, I think for me the best example is so when I was Pregnant we did a lot together Almost everything like errands shopping like groceries Um If I had to go somewhere I would drop me off a lot all these things Now we can't even do that Because that means we have to pack him in the car and all these things so I missed out a little bit the errands because that would always be a time where you miss the just the two of us bit Not just but just also just like okay, you see our cry you talk about the things you see I don't know if there's something about sitting in a car like not facing each other but facing the road and just Having a conversation and not worrying about the guy in the back Well, I don't mind worrying about the guy in the back, but it's less Okay, let's go like now you really have to plan the same thing. I said like you have to try everything And new and now when we do now we do a lot of errands separately Yep, one person has to take care of the child and one person has to go get it. Yeah and that's So, hmm, I missed that Yeah, that you would do just Hope into the car and just go well now. I'm like, okay. We want to go somewhere. What time How many feet do we have to pack? When do I have to express? Okay, if I have to express during the day, what do I do it? Yeah And how long can you be gone for till the other person would need to be home? So then we're just like, oh, it's easier if I go alone But then you miss out on the quality time as well Yeah, so you have to we try we try at the moment to Try and eat together at the table or in a living room watch a movie at least once or twice during the week Before we go to bed while he's maybe having his Long nap before the night Yeah, we try to do some things together at least Yeah, you console yourself with The little you can do together now it means a lot more That's true. Oh, yeah, so we should add that Things things you can get done mean a lot more.  I guess But you can't have it all can't Oh, yeah, it's okay. So it's right off This was my least Yeah, and I do agree with yeah your list. Do you have anything to add? Did I miss anything? No Maybe for maybe on The gender side if we talk about stereotypes, do you feel more pressure to provide because that's something in Ghana that is Uh, mostly focused on the man of the household to provide No, I don't I don't feel more pressure to provide Okay, I don't I don't feel more pressure to provide on the day to day It's the pressure of the future instead The future is bigger now because there's another person in it So it's not more I don't worry so much about Food or diapers or hospital bills or whatever now not so much. No But it's more like What is gonna happen, you know for him, you know, what can I do to buffer up? Because the more he grows Yeah, for me, I think on the flip side, it's also motivating because I'm also like, yes, it's not pressure. It's motivation. You need to step it up. It's not only you. Yeah So I'm just say it's not pressure pressure, but that's why I'm saying that it's not pressure because your day to day is much more on the Immediate spectrum of your now. Yeah. Yeah, which brings pressure But the one I'm talking about is more like the actualization level like the things you want to do no actualization But like future it's higher on the hierarchy of needs Yeah, so I'm not looking for my basic needs. We have shelter. We have food. We have clothing That's not yeah, I'm more like, oh, I really need to do it like things I would normally postpone like oh, I have to You know, we need to eat better or like we need to cook more now. I'm like, I need to we need to we need recipes We need so many recipes He's also going to eat this Like, okay finance we need to finance stuff or ducks in a row like everything needs to be said We need to have emergency fund. We need to have a college fund. We need to have this Yeah, but that's not pressure for me. It's not pressure It's a bit of pressure like you need to step it up, man Like no more sleeping no more snoozing because there's somebody else involved.  Well, you sucked Like at this I we could have had it way better and then you didn't do it and like We tried I guess that's also the last thing like you really now empathize with other parents Yeah, even your own but also when you see people in public with their kids, you're like Yeah Go you Good job Look or I when I saw I went for first time did it with friends out without the baby I was with the baby and I saw a young mom with a very tiny baby and she just Started breastfeeding him in the restaurant. I mean she covered herself up. I was like You go girl. Like I wanted to go over there. Like yes You do you know, you're doing great. You're ringing your newborn. She looked fabulous. Like oh like I was like, I have to go there. I want to ask how old he is and like say like what we do great mommy go go go Um, so it's funny that it you're now suddenly part of like this new group of people. Yeah by default.  I was like who is mommy? I was like, oh mommy It was so funny too now because I was I was carrying Eli FYI So I was mommy, but I didn't like yet. I haven't been that much outside yet With the baby on me. So I was like, oh mommy mommy's me. Yeah, so it's interesting Okay, I think this was it So yeah, we'll catch you in the next video. This is me plus you is us and uh, yeah These are the things that we're still rocking with even though they surprised us. Yes Let us know if you have any Any suggestions Any other things that surprised you I would be if you've had a child. Yes Yeah, or a nephew or yeah, if you have a baby around you and you were like, whoa Whoa, whoa, whoa. Yeah Thank you for watching catch you in the next one


3D convolutional neural network, 3D, CNN, framework is proposed for accurate hyperspectral image, HSI, classification, which views the HSI cube data altogether without relying on any pre-processing or post-processing, extracting the deep spectral spatial combined features effectively and requires fewer parameters than other deep learning-based methods. The experimental results demonstrate that our 3D, CNN-based method outperform state-of-the-art methods and sets a new record on three real-world HSI data sets captured by different sensors. This article was authored by Eng Lee, Hao Kuizheng, and Chong Chen.


Alright, let's continue to find rational points on elliptic curves, but this time let's look at the problem from an algebraic standpoint. So if you trace back through the geometric steps for adding two points, we can translate these into an algebraic procedure as follows. So first off, if I'm trying to add the point at infinity, what I find is that adding the point at infinity to any rational point just gives you the point itself. In other words, this point at infinity serves the same purpose as the additive identity zero does in the addition of the integers. And again, you might draw a few diagrams to convince yourself this must in fact be the case. Now let's say I have two distinct points on the elliptic curve, and again we'll assume that these two are rational points. Now what I can do is I can calculate lambda, the slope of the line between these two points, then the sum of these two points is going to be given by the coordinates x3, y3, where I can compute x3 by this formula, lambda squared minus x1 minus x2, and y3, lambda x1 minus x3 minus y1. And again, this algebraic formula emerges from applying the tools of algebra to the geometry of adding two points on an elliptic curve. And then finally, if p and q are the same point, then what I'm going to do is I'm going to use the slope of the tangent line, which I can find using the implicit function derivative, and I can use the slope of the tangent line, and then that gives me the slope of the line that I need, and the algebra is essentially the same, and my coordinates are going to be given by the preceding formulas. For example, let's take a rational point on the curve, y squared equals x cubed plus 5x minus 2, and suppose we already know one rational point to 4, and let's see if we can find a set. So we have our equation that gives us the coordinates of a third rational point given 2. So for any two points on an elliptic curve, my third point has to satisfy x3, lambda squared minus the x coordinates, y3, lambda x1 minus x3 minus y1, when lambda is the slope of the relevant line. If the two points are distinct, then the relevant line is going to be the line in between the two points. If I only have one point, then I'm just going to use the slope of the tangent line. So here I only have one point initially, so the slope of the tangent line is going to be the relevant slope. So I'll use the implicit differentiation method, and I can find the slope of the tangent line. I have my values of x and y, x is 2, y equals 4. Substituting those in, I get lambda equals 17 over 8 as the slope of the line. Then I have my x coordinate, lambda squared minus x1 minus x2. I'll substitute in my values and get my x coordinate, my y coordinate, again, lambda x1 minus x3 minus y1, substituting in, and that gives me the coordinates x3, y3 of the point that is defined as the sum of point p plus itself, 2p in other words.


next is the property number six which is called the even odd property you'll find a lot of resemblance between property number four sorry property number five and property number six which i'm going to do right now it says that if you are integrating a function from minus a to a it becomes integration of f of x from zero to a plus integration of f of minus x from zero to a let me prove this mathematically first yeah yeah so keert i got your message okay so let me prove this mathematically let me start with our left hand side so minus a to a f of x you can break it up as minus a to zero and zero to a let's not disturb this part let's work on this part okay now looking at the proof looking at the result only you'll get the idea how to prove it you just have to put x is minus t correct so this becomes dx becomes minus of dt the limits of integration will become a to zero now so f of minus t dx is minus dt you can switch your position of the upper and the lower limit and observe the negative sign by the way right hand side will be just carry forward so here just switch the upper and the lower limit and observe the minus sign and finally there's nothing in the name you can put your t back as x so zero to a f of minus x dx plus zero to a f of x dx this is what the property says not two important conclusions that we can draw from here i'll write down the conclusions here conclusion number one if your f of x is even function if your f of x is an even function that is to say that f of minus x is f of x also has to say that the graph is symmetrical about x equal to zero line which is nothing but your y axis then your integrant from minus a to a f of x dx is going to be two times zero to a f of x guys remember i have not said this but the function is continuous from minus a to a conclusion number two is this rotation symmetry than zero yes if f of x is an odd function that means f of minus x is negative of f of x that means the graph is symmetrical about zero comma zero then what will happen integral from minus a to a f of x dx will become zero okay it's very obvious that if a function is an even function what will happen the graph will be exactly symmetrical about x equal to zero line which is your y axis so instead of finding this area you can just find out this area and double it up okay so just this area you double it up your job is going to be done so this into two will be your total area but when your function is symmetrical about origin then that means there is a cancellation of area happening let's say i have a graph like this okay this area and this area will exactly cancel each other out so integral from minus a to a will vanish okay so this area will be zero now this is a very important conclusion because we know that every function can be written as a sum of an even and an odd function correct we have done this in our functions chapter so whenever you see that your limits of integration are exactly opposite in sign try to extract out as many odd functions as you can from your given function and just make it zero the integral of that will be zero are you getting my point and you can only work with the integral of the even function that is going to save a lot of time for you let's take a quick question on this sir is it true okay shrijan says two sir no sir suki also says two okay the no sir i only oh okay okay even he said okay privately he said two okay let's check this out this is quite easy you just have to segregate the odd functions odd functions will be yes or two yeah odd functions will be everything except that one so that one you have to take separately and treat it as as per the even function criteria okay so this you don't have to evaluate at all because this is an odd function okay so this is just nothing but twice zero to pi by four integration of secant square x that's nothing but twice tan x zero to pi by four answer is two let's take the next one suppose a function g n x is given by this and it satisfies this equation integral minus one to this is equal to zero for all linear function px plus q then which of the following option is correct sir if it satisfies well all linear functions then one g n x be zero like zero function why sir because if you consider the areas then it should be like that right because px plus q can be anything it can be like any line so so the areas will be it will be unequal so if you want it to become zero then i thought it should be give me a better easy b that's correct shrija is correct anybody else got a value shouldn't be a problem actually yes sir it's easy it's very easy yeah that means this should be completely an odd function correct now what odd function now what are the even parts here even parts i can see is px to the part 2n plus 2 okay that's also pan x square and it is bn cube correct these are the even uh sorry even part of the function yes or no odd part i don't have to worry much about odd part because odd part anyways integral is going to be giving me zero so what they're saying that even the integral of these parts from minus one to one should give you zero correct one thing that i can say here for sure that this thing should be zero that means bn has to be zero for all q so whichever option has bn equal to zero only those option can qualify okay so a and b could be the possible options c and d cannot be okay next if you integrate this you get p x to the power 2n plus 3 by 2n plus 3 and this you get pan x to the power 3 by 3 okay twice of this sorry i've already integrated it so i have to just put zero to one okay so it's p by 2n plus 3 is equal plus pan by 3 that's going to be zero right now p need not be zero that means if you take p common or if you directly drop off your p remembering p is not zero so your an will be negative 3 by 2n plus 3 negative 3 by 2n plus 3 which is option number b is what it is saying b is the right option okay so a bit of analysis has to go in next question if your function is given by this determinant then find the integral from minus pi by 2 to pi by 2 of x square plus 1 f of x plus f double dash x anyone it's almost done sir one please also see the video lecture of the definite integral session taken with the other batch so there are done more basic problems here i am taking slightly more challenging ones so but also remember to see then see those videos once your exam is over okay no hurry after the exam is over you can watch those videos let's see who has responded so keep your correct see guys it's it's just a one minute problem one minute not more than that if you look at the function if you replace your x with minus x okay remember nothing will change in the first column nothing will change in the second column but everything in the third column will become negative isn't it okay which clearly implies this is negative of f of x that means f of x is an odd function correct this clearly implies f of x is an odd function okay one sorry okay thank god okay so even the double derivative will also be an odd function correct which implies the sum of these two will also be an odd function correct now remember x square plus one is an even function x square plus one is an even function okay so x square plus one into f of x plus f double dash x is a product of even and odd which will actually be odd so if you're integrating an odd function from minus pi by 2 to pi by 2 your answer has to be zero which is none of these zero is the answer so no need to evaluate the determinant at all it was just based on your understanding of the basic property they're actually evaluated oh my god then also but then I cancelled off most of the things because it was odd so this is a type of learning for you okay hope you can read this question slightly blurred let me just scribble on it wait how do you show that even the double derivative is also an odd function if at all f of x is odd the derivative of an even function is odd correct and derivative of an odd function is even where I didn't know that function chapter we did this no oh yeah yeah I hope you can read this question now this is normal brackets so it's it's nothing but integral of x plus one by x minus one square plus x minus one by x plus one square minus two whole to the power half from minus half to one zero no god of that's not zero so one second two let's check let's check okay now I'm sure all of you would have two okay let's check most of you would have figured out that this is actually x plus one by x minus one minus x minus one by x plus one whole square under root correct which actually is mod of x plus one by x minus one minus x minus one by x plus one okay I'm not sure how many of you accounted for this mod thing many of us have this habit of writing square under root as the same thing which is not correct it's actually mod of the same thing for my mistake sir okay yeah umkar seems to be correct let's just discuss it completely so this will become minus half to half if you take the lcm inside it will become x square minus one yes four x four x will come up correct now if you draw the wavy curve for four x by x square minus one which is actually four x by x plus one x minus one the wavy curve will give you the sign scheme like this correct now you're dealing with minus half to half minus half is here and half is here correct so can I say from by the way even even I don't need to do that I can say that this function will always be an even function this entire function is an even function why because if you change your x with minus x it just becomes minus four x by x square minus one mod which is same as mod four x by x square minus one that means f of minus x is f of x itself so I can first make it as two times zero to half mod four x by x square minus one next four minus one s t and now I don't even need this part I can only deal with zero zero to half interval where the function is negative so it becomes negative four x by x square minus one I'm sure by this time you would have known how to integrate this so if you take a minus two out so minus four zero to half two x by x square minus one this integral is minus four ln x square minus okay put first half half will give you ln three by four okay zero will give you zero so that is just going to be minus four sorry plus four ln four by three okay sir isn't ln of minus or not defined no you're taking mod okay okay okay so I think this is your answer sir I didn't get it actually I miss my constant I think yeah I miss my constant yeah yeah is that fine guys this chapter is pretty long it's not a small chapter we have a lot of things to cover I think the next class which is next class on Thursday Friday is your English exam right lol yeah so please study English before and don't bunk on that day that's going to be an important class sorry we won't bunk it but we won't study English before us exactly I know last moment you guys are going to study anyways we'll do a lot of important things the next class so as of now I'm just stopping the session over here and all the best for tomorrow's exam thank you sir thanks thank you thank you sir bye bye have a good day thank you sir


news updates. Good afternoon, folks. Larry Pesavento for TFN and mid afternoon update and we have the stock market was quite strong a little while ago and now it sold off a little bit. I posted the chart here of the E-mini S&P. This is the March contract that extends back into 2022. And as you can see, we had a price objective on that on this large ABCD pattern coming in at 44.35. The high was 44.3375 yesterday. I don't know if that's close enough, but it's pretty close. We're down about 30 handles from there right now, but that's still very early in the game. It really might not mean anything, but we're getting some really bullish news. When you see a GDP number that was 50% higher, they were looking at 2% and it came in at 3.5%. That's about as bullish as you can get. In fact, the announcers at CNBC, they were surprised that the market wasn't screaming to the upside. Well, the Dow was down about 150 and ended up turning around and rallied 300 points and then gave it all back. The Nasdaq was up well over 120, 150, I believe, and it gave it all of that back. So it's having bad news or good news and bad action. Boy, if you ever read the book by Reminiscent of the Stock Operator by Edwin LaFever, he said that was a giant red flag whenever you're looking at something like that, but it's still early in the game, of course. We have a big full moon coming in here today, so that may or may not cause some type of a top. But right now, the whole world is continually bullish as they should be. It's been going straight up since October the 27th, and we are in the midst now of some really interesting things that could happen to some of these markets. They may or may not, but they could surprise a few people. One of the stocks that's under a great deal of pressure today is in the news all the time is Tesla. We'll be talking about that a little bit. If you remember two weeks ago, we had Bill Meridian on and Bill, excuse me, last week, and he said he was going to be long IBM and short Tesla. And we're going to be talking to Bill in about 15 minutes because when you make a call like this, it deserves your attention because it shows you some of the guests we have here really do some great work. And Bill certainly has done that. So let's keep that in mind as we're watching these markets unfold here today, and we'll cover some of the other positions that we're looking at and answer any questions that might come to your attention. So David, you


Let us now go to the first module which is Introduction. Engineering thermodynamics originated as a subject in mechanical engineering with the start of the industrial revolution. So, basically industrial revolution heralded the era when things which until then were being done using manpower were beginning to be automated and being done with things like steam. It was realized that steam could actually be used to run machines not only steam engines but many other machines or then it can be used to operate many things which until then had to be done with extensive manpower ok. So, basically this steam was generated by burning coal and it could be used to run machinery to do many, many things ok. So, that heralded the industrial revolution and since the time actually engineers especially mechanical engineers are always looking at the efficiency of the device. Basically the expectation is that I burn a certain amount of coal or for instance let us say I burn 1 kilogram of coal I know the calorific value of the coal ok. So, what I expect to get as output work from the machinery is something which is close to this calorific value. So, if the calorific value of coal is let us say 25 mega joules per kilogram then I expect to get when I burn 1 kg of coal I expect to get 25 mega joules of work from the device that is under ideal circumstances. So, mechanical engineers you know would always measure the amount of work they are getting from their device and then compare it with the calorific value of the fuel and try to see you know where the energy is being lost. If it is not coming as output work it must be lost somewhere. So, they always were trying to improve the efficiency of the devices that convert heat into useful work ok. So, basically we are burning coal and giving heat to as input to a device and we are getting work from the device. So, that is that has always been the pursuit of engineering thermodynamics particularly mechanical engineering thermodynamics ok. It gives so much heat to the device we get so much work from the device what is the efficiency of the device and how do we actually try to improve. So, these are the questions that mechanical engineers were asking and they realized during these pursuits that certain things seem to be universal ok that we cannot really improve the performance of a device beyond a certain level and they also realize that you know other things like if an engine operates in a cycle the net heat that you are giving and the network that you are getting always seem to be the same or equal to each other. So, they realize that certain laws universal laws seem to be applicable and of course these were realized based on experiments, but now these laws are considered to be fundamental laws of the universe actually they are stated without proof, but they are accepted to be fundamental laws of the universe ok. Now, Peter Atkins a well known chemistry professor who has written a lot of books on not only on physical chemistry, but also thermodynamics and so on kind of nicely states sadronically you know laws of thermodynamics ok. So, first law basically says that heat can be converted into work ok as we just discussed and he says the second law according to him the second law says, but completely only at absolute zero meaning if you want to convert all of the heat into work you need to be able to do it at absolute zero temperature ok. And third law according to him which is universal is that absolute zero is unattainable ok. So, basically he sums up the laws of thermodynamics in this manner heat can be converted to work, but completely only at absolute zero and absolute zero is unattainable ok. Most of you may also be familiar with Murphy's laws and reasons why things go wrong there is a very uncanny resemblance between Murphy's laws and the laws of thermodynamics. For instance, one of the Murphy's laws that you may encounter is something like this for something to become cleaner something else must become dirtier ok. This you may consider as a colloquial form of the principle of increase of entropy. So, we actually reduce the entropy at some place by making it cleaner, but that comes with a certain price. So, when you when you clean something you clean the particular object, but the surroundings become dirtier ok. So, when you sum up the increase in the level of cleanliness of the object and the increase in level of dirtiness of the surroundings and add them together the it turns out that overall the universe still becomes dirtier and this does not balance out the other. At best under the best of circumstances this may balance the other, but under most circumstances overall universe will become dirtier ok. That is the general observation that we see in real life in nature ok. The second statement probably we are all familiar with left to themselves things tend to go from bad to worse. For instance, you know this is like our room, a room that we occupy our office space in on day one the office is pick and span, but as that time goes along you know the office becomes more and more cluttered and it requires an enormous effort for us to put it back into the shape in which it was set and we actually occupied the office on day one ok. This is also something that we are familiar with in everyday life and these sort of statements actually have where uncanny resemblance to the principle of increase of entropy. It says that the entropy of the universe at best remains the same or always increases ok. So, there are many nice connections between Murphy's laws and why and the laws of thermodynamics you can actually read the book and probably appreciate it even more. So, in engineering thermodynamics as I mentioned we are interested in the conversion of heat into useful work. So, that is the primary objective of engineering thermodynamics although this seems to suggest that you know we are looking only at direct engines meaning only engines that produce work whatever ideas we develop are also applicable to reverse engines like refrigerators which absorb or which take in work and do something useful for us ok. Now, in the context of converting heat to work we will try to answer the following questions in this in this course. The first question obvious question is how much of the input heat is converted into work by the engine under consideration. So, this relates to the calorific value of the fuel and the amount of heat we are supplying how much of it is actually converted to useful work by the engine that is the first question that we will try to answer. The second question is everything else remaining the same what is the maximum possible work output ok. Understandable this suggests that the amount of work that we are getting normally from the engine will not be equal to the amount of heat that we are giving it. So, that being the case what is the maximum possible work output? It may seem that the maximum possible work output should be equal to the heat input that we are giving the engine, but quite interestingly the loss of thermodynamics tell that that is not the case. In fact, the maximum is nowhere close to the amount of heat that we are putting in ok. So, this question is a very subtle question at first side it may seem like the answer to this question is the heat that we are giving is the maximum possible work output. The law of thermodynamics states that that is not the case ok. The third question that we will try to answer is what are the factors that affect the performance of the engine. In other words, it is putting out certain amount of work, I am also able to determine what the maximum should be. So, what I am trying to do is bridge the two why am I not getting the maximum possible. So, what are the factors that affect the performance of the engine and by how much? So, if we have a clear understanding of individual factors which are contributing to this difference then we can address these factors one by one and try to improve the performance of the engine. So, that we are we try to get as close to the maximum possible work output as possible. So, these are the three questions that we will try to answer and we will we will develop a framework which helps us answer all these questions and try to get insights into the nature of these processes ok. So, the framework that we developed will not only be useful for analyzing direct engines meaning engines that convert heat into useful work, but also engines that utilize work to produce a useful effect like a refrigerator for instance or a heat engine or I am sorry or a heat pump which are called reverse heat engine. So, these take in power and then they do something useful for us. So, refrigerator as I said before keeps the refrigerator compartment at a low temperature thereby preserving the food and other things that we keep there. So, heat pump on the other hand which is used widely in western countries particularly colder countries and this is used during winter time to pump heat from the outside ambient which is at a low temperature into a dwelling or a house and maintain it at a comfortable temperature. So, we actually pump the heat from the cold ambient into the house which is at a higher temperature and maintain it at that higher temperature. So, that is also a reverse heat engine which absorbs our as you know normally heat will not flow from the outside ambient which is at a colder temperature to a house which is at a higher temperature. So, this has to be accomplished by supplying power or energy to a device ok. So, the framework that we developed is equally applicable to both although we most of the times our discussions center on direct engines because they are for probably little bit more intuitive to understand but keep in mind that the framework is very general applies both to direct and reverse heat engines. We will discuss the notion of macroscopic approach in the next lecture.


I see the utility of having sort of set categories of people based on which needs they have. I think for a lot of people, it's just the terminology. It's like, it's not nice to be called low-functioning. What makes you someone high-functioning or low-functioning? Exactly. It's not like you have high-functioning ADHD and low-functioning ADHD. It's not nice for someone to call you low-functioning because what are you trying to say? Right. And it's not nice for someone to call you high-functioning because you may have loads of issues. But be considered high-functioning. And people don't take you seriously. You don't get as many supports. You don't get as many adjustments. So, you know, both of those terms, they kind of box people off based on what their needs and their functioning levels, which is not something that people like to draw a lot of attention to.