Hello, my name is Jeff Tao. Thanks everybody for coming to my talk. I'm the CEO and founder for TD Engine. TD Engine is an open source project. I started more than four years ago. Today, I just want to talk about the new data model I used for this time series database. First of all, I hope everybody sitting here know time series data, right? May I ask you a question? Have you ever used or heard about the time series database? OK, too many. That's good. So for time series data, there's so many scenarios for time series data. For example, the energy, like wind turbine or solar energy, they generate lots, lots of data. And also for transportation, logistics, even for smart manufacturing, like POC or SCADA system, generate lots, lots of data from automation system. And also, even for example, for connected vehicles, even for the connected bicycles, for whoop, they generate tons, tons of time series data. So IT monitoring, finance, they are all time series data. So why we want to use the time series data? The first purpose for time series data is to monitor the change over time, right? You will always look at the trend, just like a financial market. Looks like it looks good. And also, you want to predict, like for example, for the smart manufacturing, they always want to try to do predictive maintenance. What time? I need to maintain this equipment. For example, the elevator. What time? I should provide the maintenance for the elevator. What time? I should provide the maintenance for my car. And another big use case is abnormally detection. And of course, sometimes we do want to analyze correlation between measurements. OK, for the first four points, everything we do for time series data is we try to provide insights into operation, like IT operation, or for smart manufacturing, we need to know the operation. Why I want to start a new time series database? Almost seven years ago, when I looked at my startup, you're working on smart devices. Smart devices generate tons, tons of data. I found it's very hard to process those large, huge amount of data. Then I found the influx DB. I found the problem issues. Or there are a few time series database on the market already, OK? But I found they are not good enough. Why they are not good enough? Because they don't take the full advantage of those characteristics of time series data. Let me explain to you what I found for time series data. For example, number one, of course, is always timestamped the data. Number two, for all those data generated by sensors, devices, they're always structured data. For example, it's just a floating number. Most of the time, just a floating number or some integers or some state. It's patient for smart mining and manufacturing for many, many cases, OK? The third one is just like a string. Every device, every sensor is just like a string. They are generating data at fixed intervals, like every one second or every 10 seconds. They generate the data point, right? And also, each string is independent, OK? You can have one million data strings. For example, for the smart meters, even maybe in the whole Spain, there are more than 10 million smart meters. Each smart meter is a data string, right? And also, each smart meter is independent from other smart meters. Number four, the data rate is very stable. Because once you have the sampling rate, you know the number of devices. You know the sampling rate. You know how much traffic it can generate, right? So unlike holiday in Christmas or other holiday season, the traffic to Amazon will be maybe 10 times higher, right? For a popular game, it will be 10 times higher, the traffic. But for IoT, for smart manufacturing, for many cases, for tensile data, the data rate is very, very stable. And number five, compared with the standard database, transaction is not required, OK? Because no change, no update. You don't need a rollback. So that's a big, big advantage, OK? Number six, you can have more write than read operation. So for tensile data, people seldom check the raw data by eyes, not like social media. When you post the something on LinkedIn or Twitter, many people view your tweets or posts, right? But for tensile data, like the data generated by smart meters or by Google, few people will look at the raw data. It will be checked only by analytical tools, OK? So the pattern is different. And of course, I said that the data is really deleted or updated. And also, there is always a retention policy, because you don't want to save those data for too long time. Maybe you just want to keep the data for one month, three months, or just one week, OK? Then you want to delete it automatically. Number nine, there is a big characteristic for tensile data is real time data computing is required, real time.  Because by real time analytics, they want to waste a lot, or tell something was happening, right? And also, the last characteristic is the query is always in time and space range. When you query the data, you always have a starting time, ending time, right? And also, you always want to fix in which location? For example, I just want to switch to the smart meters in the whole Spain, or billboard, right? So you always have some range, OK? There are already many tensile database on the market. There are also open source. The most popular one is inflex DB. Another one is called tensile DB. Tensile DB is based on post-grace, OK? And also our TD engine, and another one, QuistDB, Prometheus, OpenTSDB, Victoria metric, many, OK, on the market. But what's the special, OK? Why do you want to delete a new view, right? Or new tensile database? Because when I check the data model, there are a few data models for the tensile database. So first, the model is a very popular model. It's called a tag-set data model. Every time series is uniquely identified by a metric name and the set of tags, OK? It's used by inflex DB, OpenTSDB, Prometheus, OK? Every time series, like for example, I give you example here, like for a vehicle, OK, for a car. For Prometheus or OpenTSDB, a time series for connected vehicle could be written like this, like you have a vehicle identification number, then you have some tags, like a brand model, right? For inflex DB, a time series for connected vehicle can be written this way, like the metrics and the vehicle identification number, brand, tags, right? So every time series is always unique, identified by the metric name and the set of tags, OK? But there is another model, it's a relational data model, just like mysql, like Oracle, regular database. This database, for this model, schema is always defined first, OK? There is always a timestamp column, and each metric has a dedicated column and a data type. So for example, for tensile DB, because it's based on Postgres, one table to store the tags, another table to store the time series data. So when you wanted to query all the data for the Tesla Model 3, S3, so the SQL statement should be by a join, you know, right? You need to join the table, save the tags and join the table with the metrics. So you need to join two tables together, OK? That's... QuistDB also uses this model, QuistDB, OK? TensileDB, QuistDB uses this data model. I propose a new model, when I check all those databases, I found that I can propose a new data model. It's still based on relational database, but my model is a little bit different. I give a name, it's called one table for one data connection point or just one sensor. If you have one million smart meters in my data model, you need to create one million tables. If you have one billion smart meters, for example, in China, there are over one billion smart meters, then you need to create one billion tables with my data model, OK? So what's the benefit to create one table for one smart meter, OK, for one table or for one sensor? Let me give you a very simple example. Just look at the smart power meters. For the smart power meters, maybe you have multiple smart meters, like a device 1001, 1002, 1003, right? Each smart meter takes the matrix like a current voltage phase, and also each smart meter has some tags, like a location type. So if you design your data model by MySQL or only relational database, you probably, most of the developers will create the schema like this. The first column is device ID, the second column is timestamp, right? So, and also probably you will create index for the device ID, you will also create index for the timestamp. It's very straightforward, right? OK, but if you look at this, if you look at this design, there's some problems, because every device for the data points, every device has different network latency, OK? So, because of the network latency, the timestamp cannot be guaranteed in order, maybe out of order, OK? And also each smart meter has a different data pattern. Maybe the power usage in your home is totally different from the power usage at my home, right? So data pattern will be different. Then if I create one table for one data connection point, since it becomes very straightforward, no, just look at the one table for one device, then the timestamp will be in order, because although there are some network latencies for each device, but the relative order can be guaranteed. So data, when you write a new data record, it becomes a data appending operation. So data ingestion rate can be much higher, right? Because you just appended the data for each table, so it's much faster. And also you don't need to save the labels for each row. Labels can be saved just one time. So you can save the storages. And also another thing I'll talk about is the data compression. It will be much easier to compress the data because the data pattern for each device is very seminal, OK? By this way, OK? So I summarized the benefit of the design. Rate calls are automatically sorted by time, right? And simple appended operation for writing new data. And also less fluctuation in a column values. And the device and the label will not be stored separately, OK? How to store the data for each table for single table or for single device? I just stored those data block by block, OK? Maybe each block contains like 1,000 data points. For my PPT here, I only show like six data points, OK? But inside each block, the timestamp is already in order, OK? Of course, every table will have many blocks. So I will create a block index. So once you tell me what's the starting time, what's the ending time for your query, I know how to locate the blocks right away, right? And also, there is another beautiful thing for time series data. For each data block, I already have pre-computing. For example, the count, how many data points for each block? Like what's the total sum? What's the max? What's the minimum value for each block? It's already stored there. So when you just want to get the average or max for a time series, I don't need to scan the raw data. It's very, very fast, OK? And another good thing is for each block, I also have a schema defined because sometimes your schema can be changed, OK?  If your schema is changed, I would just create a new block. But for each block, the schema is always the same, OK? So for like an IoT case, for smart manufacturing, even for logistics, for many cases, your schema can be changed, but it won't be changed every second, you know, right? Your schema can be always be constant for maybe for a few days, OK? It can be subject to change, but it won't be changed that often. So each block has the same schema, OK? So now let me look at the... How do you store those data? It's based on column-based storage. Column-based, for the standard database, you just store those data row by row, right? Row by row, OK? I think everybody knows this, row by row. But for our time series database, we always store column by column. It's column-based storage. So I store the timestamp first, then store the current, then store the voltage, then store the phase, right? So every time series database, and also like even Clickhouse, many OLAP database, they always use column-based storage. But we can... TD Engine can still achieve much higher data comparison ratio compared with other column-based database. Why? Because for one table, one device, the data is almost the same, you know, right? Because for example, the power usage at your home, of course there are some fluctuations. Sometimes you turn on your air conditioner, sometimes you turn off your air conditioner. But for a period, almost the same, right? But if you mix your power usage at your home with the data from my home, my home's data totally different from yours, although it's column-based storage, then it's harder to compress, okay? So for all compression, we always do data first, okay? So for one table, one device, you put those data don't fluctuate that much. So it's much easier to compress those data. So we achieve very high data comparison ratio. By using one table, one device, okay? Okay, so let me summarize by using one table, one device, is we can ensure read, write efficiency of single data connection point is the best. I don't think you can think about other good way to read or clear the data for one single table. One table, one device is the best way to ensure the best performance for single device, okay? But there are big, big challenges for this data model because I just mentioned, if you have one million smart meters, you need to create one million tables. Even if you have one billion smart meters, you need to create one billion tables. And also each table has some tags, right? Sometimes you want to aggregate the data together. For example, I want to aggregate all those smart meters in billboard, right? Maybe in billboard, they are one million smart meters. How do you do the aggregation? Then it's becoming complicated, okay? How do you solve this problem? That's a big, big challenge for my data model. Then I'm lucky, I got another idea. It's called the soup table. Just this soup table is designed for efficient aggregation of tables, okay? So what is the concept of soup table, okay? Soup table is just a type of data connection point. It's a template. It's kind of category. So for example, for the smart meter, smart meter is a category, okay? Tesla is another category. Or maybe you have elevate is another category of devices. For each category of device, you create a soup table because they share the same data schema, you know? Oh, okay. Now, let me just give you an example. Give the example. I create a soup table for the smart power meters, okay? So the table, just create a table, smart meter. You can have the schema, have timestamp, current, voltage, phase. But compared with the standard database, I have an extension. It's called tags, tags. Tags is a static attribute. It's like a location, okay? And the type, I just have two tags. Now, when I, now I use the small soup table as meter as the template to create the tables for like for example, for six smart meters, then I just look at the syntax below, like create a table T1 using S meter. Then for this smart meter, I specify the tags, Senhuo Sai, California Senhuo Sai type is one. The second one is like a California Palo Alto type is two. So I use the soup table as the template, but specify the tags. So compared with the standard database, each table, you can associate a set of tags with each table, okay? The schema for each table is defined by the soup table. But you can associate a set of tags with each table. Now, when you try to aggregate the data, you don't look at the table, you just check, you just create the soup table. For example, create the average voltage and the maximum current of all smart meters in California Senhuo Sai. You just like say, select average max from smart meter from soup table, specify the tag field condition. That's it, right? So when you want to do aggregation, you're always querying the soup table or the category of a device, okay? Then everything becomes much simpler, okay? From the user experience. And also each tag can be a tree structure. And you can associate the multiple tags. Like a TD engine can support like 128 tags. Each tag means in a different dimension. For example, you can have a tag for location. You can have a tag for like a model. You can have a tag for like maybe what kind of business like for each smart meter, maybe it's for home or for business, for small business or for big business, maybe different, right? You can associate many, many tags. Then you can do multi-dimension analysis, okay? And also how to improve the efficiency, all design, how to make it very, from the user experience, it becomes very simple. You just need a query for aggregation. You just need to create the soup table. But how to make it efficient? Look at the risk diagram. I always store those tags in a separate storage. It's called the tag data. I always store the time sense data in a different storage. I always separate the tag data from time service data on like a low-sql database. For example, for HBase, HBase is a typical KV store, right? You'll always have the key. Key is always like for inflex TV permissions. The key is just a metric name plus some tags, right? So, but they mix them together for HBase. But for all design, we want to separate the tag data from metric data. Now, if you want to query the smart meter located in California, San Jose, you'll, I go to tag data first, find what devices, right? What tables I need to search. But that, the data set, the tag data volume is small because each smart meter only have one row of data there, right? If you have one million smart meters on the tag data, it only has one million rows. But for time service data, each smart meter maybe have one million data points. If you have one million smart meters, you can have one billion, I mean one training data points. So, I always go to tag data first to find out based on your tag field condition, I find out what tables you want to look for. Then I go to time service data. So, looks like a design is a dimensional table. Tag data is like a dimensional table. Time service data looks like a fax data, okay? So, it makes efficient. So, we solved the problem by using super table concept. So, it becomes very efficient for the aggregation, okay? Now, so by using the new data model, what do you got? Let me show you the benchmark, okay? For the benchmark report, by using our new data model, I compare the TD engine with the influx DB and the time scale DB, okay? We are using the open source TSBS testing benchmark. So, testing benchmark is proposed by influx DB and the time scale DB. They all use TSBS for benchmark report. So, look at like our data ingestion rate. TD engine is at least like 1.5 times fast. In some cases, even it's 10 times fast with the same data set. For the query response, it's at least like 1.2 times fast. In some cases, it's even 40 times fast, okay? So, data ingestion rate higher and also query response is higher. Look at the disk usage because we can compress the data very well, okay? In the worst case, we can be like 1.2 beta then influx DB. We are much, much better than time scale DB. In some cases, we are even 10 times better than influx or time scale for data compression ratio, okay? Look at this server CPU usage. We are much, much lower, okay? We don't consume much CPU usage, okay? And also our benchmark report, you can download from our website. You can, we also provide the testing script. You can run the testing by yourself, okay? To verify our report. So, it means our new data model really works, okay? Our new data model is more efficient, okay? And also, I want to take some time to talk about scalability. Our design is just the distributed design, just like many other low-sql database, just like a Cassandra. Before my session, the Cassandra you're talking about here, it's, I don't want to talk about more about it because I don't have much time left. So, we divided the data, okay, into shards, each shard or each called each Vnode. Vnode, there are multiple data nodes. Each data node, we can have a Vnode. Vnode contains time series data. Besides, each Vnode can have three replications to provide the high availability. And also, besides the Vnode, we also have a management load. Each node report to management load for the status. And also, our design separated the compute from storage. So, we have a query node just for computing. So, the computing power can be adjusted dynamically. And also, we divide the data in two dimension, okay? You have a big, big data, a huge pie, but we divide the data into two dimension. One dimension is by time, okay? So, for each file, it contains data maybe only for one week or one day or even one month, right? But another dimension, I divided the data based on devices or sensors. Each block only contain a number of sensors data, you know? So, it's very natural to divide the data by two dimension. Then, it's easy to conquer the big data problem, okay? And also, we solved the high cardinality issue by our design. Our design, by our own testing, we can prove, we can support over one billion tables, one billion tables with all the only performance issue, okay? And also, the whole system can restart within one minute. Yeah, high cardinality issue. And also, another thing I would like to address is, because when I started the TD Engine project, I want to differentiate our database from TDA, from InfluctsDB or TensorFlow or QuestDB, so the TensorFlow database. I add more features, okay, into our database. It's not just the TensorFlow database anymore, because for TensorFlow's data, besides the database, you always need a message queue, because like for smart manufacturing, for IoT, once you connect the data, many applications want to consume the data, right? So, you put the Kafka there. And also, you always need a radius for caching, because for example, I want to know the current reading, I want to know the current location for each Uber, right? You always put the latest data in radius, okay? And also, you need a stream polarization for real time analytics, so you put like a spark or link over there. So, even for the very simple TensorFlow's data, the whole system becomes very complicated. Then, my idea is I want to combine those four pieces into one single piece, just into TD Engine. So, it can reduce the complexity of the whole system. It can reduce the operation cost, okay? And also, another good thing is I open-sourced our whole code, okay? In 2019, I open-sourced the single-loader edition. In year 2020, I open-sourced the classed edition. Like in FluxDB, doesn't open-sourced the classed edition, but we open-sourced our classed edition. Last year, just one year ago, we even open-sourced our cloud-related edition, okay? Nobody open-sourced the cloud-related edition. Up until now, we already have over 21,000 stars. We have like 4,700 folks, very active project. I'm very proud of this because every day, more than 500 new instances running from all over the world. Okay, every day. Every day, more than 1,000 clones on GitHub for our open-sourced project. I hope you guys can check our GitHub website. And also, because we are backed by vintage capitals, we still need to survive. How do you survive? We try to use cloud service. So we provide cloud service on AWS, on Azure, on Google Cloud. After this talk, you guys can try our cloud service. It's free. And you can check, you can compare TD Engine with in FluxDB or TanskyDB or whatever, okay? Yeah, so that's my sharing, okay? That's my talk. That's my QR code for Mani Green. I hope you can connect with me. And also, if you like, you can follow me on Tweet. I'm a developer, actually. Although I'm the CEO for this company. I'm the developer. Actually, for the first prototype, I spent two months at home to write the first prototype to prove my data model works. I wrote almost 20,000 lines of code to prove my data model works. Then I started to raise money from vintage capitals. Now I have almost 100 employees team, okay? So, only questions. I'm a saved programmer, okay? I'm not a Java program. I write the same code, okay? You guys, okay, please. Yes. Oh, no, no. We have a build-in. We have build-in cache, build-in stream processing, build-in data subscription. We don't want to replace Kafka. We don't want to replace Flink because they are very powerful. But for TanskyDB data, we have a much simple solution. To make it work. For example, for the caching. Oh, for radius, it's a generic caching tool, right? What data you want to be caching? If you read more, it depends on reading. But for IoT data, for Tanskyd data, you always just want to cache the last record because the latest data. So it's much easier to implement, you know? So, and also for data services, I can share another, if I have time, maybe in another meeting I can share. All the design, everything is based on bin log, based on WAL, right ahead log. So based on WAL, we provide the data subscription very easily. And based on WAL, we provide the stream precision for Tanskyd's data. So it's a very simple solution for Tanskyd's data. Yeah. Oh, Prometheus is a very, very good product for DevOps. But Prometheus doesn't have a good scalability, okay? And Prometheus only handle like floating numbers. They don't handle like strings or those stuff. And Prometheus don't handle like auto-order data. But for IoT, for smart manufacturing, you have to handle auto-order data. But for like DevOps, auto-order data is a lot of there. And also for DevOps, they're always the matrix. They don't need to handle strings, okay? So Prometheus is very good for DevOps, okay? But for us, we focus more on industry internet and also focus more on IoT. Yeah, okay. Any more questions? I really like your answer. Yeah, a benchmark of what? Oh, no, oh, I don't. I cannot get the executables. Yeah, if they provide me free one, I can. Yeah, oh, okay, it's good. So we provide very good high availability, okay? So each shot, each node has three replications. Even one node is done, as long as two nodes are working, the whole system is still working. Of course, we have a very good availability platform. We use Grafana to provide, we'll give you alert, say one node is done, you better make it work, right? But there are still two nodes working, so the whole system is still working. Yeah, so if one node is done, there are still two nodes are working, the whole system is still working. Then when that node is back, the data will be synced first. Yeah, we use roughed, we just use standard roughed for data replication, roughed, yeah. Okay, anyway, I'm almost run out of time. You guys are welcome to connect with me on LinkedIn. I spend the most time in California, okay? My office is in San Jose, California, okay? Okay, thanks a lot, okay? Yeah.


Welcome back after lunch. My name is Yongwook Ryu. I teach and research in the Department of International Relations here. As you know, lunchtime is an interesting time when a lot of amazing things can happen and one thing that happens during this lunchtime is we have new chair for this session, which is me. So I don't know whether it's an amazing and good happening but we will see how it goes. I'm not qualified enough to chair any session relating to Mongolia. My research is not about Mongolia. I do research about its neighbors, though, such as China and Japan. So perhaps that's one linkage with this session and me. But also I research on international relations and foreign policy, security policy, so that's probably the closer link between me and our speaker today. Let me not waste any more time because we do have a very interesting session coming up. Professor, and here I have to issue a warning. I probably cannot pronounce your name accurately. Professor Monk Orcher Dorchester. It's perfect. Close enough, right? He is a current director of Defense Policy Institute at the National Defense University in Mongolia. He is an expert on Mongolian foreign affairs, as well as security and strategic studies. His research interests include Mongolian history, especially the 21st century history, political and military implications of historical events, and Mongolian national security. He's been a visiting fellow at the Brookings Institution in U.S.A. from 2010 and 2011, and he was a formerly an associate senior researcher at the Institute of Strategic Studies at Mongolia's National Security Council and an officer in the Mongolian Army. And during the lunchtime I had an opportunity to speak with Professor Dorchester, and I found him a very approachable and interesting person. And I might add, without glasses, he probably looks like the former Mongolian small champion in Japan, as well. So without further ado, let's welcome our speaker. Okay. Thank you, Dr. Yu. That's too much of a flattering. It's quite a boring thing, isn't it? It's after lunch, 2 o'clock p.m. I always hate to speak... I have speaking engagements during this period of time. For obvious human physiological reasons, people are not prone to listen to lengthy speeches at this time of the day. It is also a customary, almost a ritualistic tradition that any venues like this, especially international fora, for a speaker to mention three things in advance. Thanking the hosts, which I will do now, not because I must, but because I'm sincere, and for obvious reasons I will mention afterwards during my presentation. I think it's really truly an important event, A&U in particular, the Mongolia Institute, Professor Narongla and Ambassador Bolden, his dedicated team put together to make this happen. And I thank you all for your hard work efforts. Again, not just because I'm trying to be nice and polite, but for some reasons I will mention during my presentation. And second thing people usually do is to try to find similarities between the host country and his or her own country. And again, I'm not trying to mention the obvious things like the population density, the landscape, the economic, the mining factor in the economy, et cetera, et cetera. I will just mention that our two countries undoubtedly share two very important, two very significant similarities. One is of course our country. Thank you. The values we share. Earlier our distinguished panelists spoke about our commitment to democracy. It's a bit rocky, it's a bit challenging, it's a bit messy, but nevertheless we are committed to make our country a fledgling democracy. And secondly, both nations envision ourselves as an Asia and Pacific player, an actor, positioning to be, to play a more engaging and active role in our border region, Asia and Pacific for political and security reasons. And based on that similarity and those commonalities we have, I will try to dwell on what I'm going to talk to you. And third, it's almost ritualistic to say that usually every speaker says this is my personal opinion, my opinions do not necessarily reflect the position of the government of this country or that country. I work for the government, I'm a military officer in the Mongolian armed forces, so although I don't think any of my findings and ideas would be strongly rejected by my authorities, I nevertheless, for the sake of safety net, mentioned that these should not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Ministry of Defense, the armed forces of Mongolia or the National Defense University of Mongolia. Okay, I have to discuss or just throw some ideas, make some, cite some facts, numbers and ideas, but also a few words about ensuing controversies. What a speech without mentioning controversies or problems or challenges about Mongolia's national security policy in general and defense reforms and Mongolian armed forces peacekeeping commitments in particular. So it's a very challenging task. We have time limits, I have to smash these broad issues together into one, otherwise what I'm afraid would be an incoherent and illogical presentation. It's somewhat easier for me because throughout the past 22 years of Mongolia's all-rounded social, economic and political transformation, my sector, the defense and security has been, I should probably say, the most successfully transformed, the least controversially transformed reformed sectors of our public life. But also it should be a challenging because I have to lump many different ideas, different numbers in a nutshell. I also shall mention that only a couple of days ago we have witnessed the first ever inaugural successful visit by our child, Chief of Defense Forces to Australia with his Australian counterpart and I am beginning to hear news that the visit was successful and ideas were shared about enhancing our bilateral ties in the years to come. Okay, I shall start from the national security concept in very general terms what it is because it's the guiding principle, guiding document of our national policy when it comes to national security, foreign policy, defense transformation and whatnot else. The current concept was adopted, promulgated by our parliament two years ago in the summer of 2010. It is the second national security concept in Mongolia's history, the first being the one adopted in 1994. Although it's a different document, it echoes the same principles and it continues to display the strategies that the nation, the government and people of Mongolia must take in order to ensure, maximally safeguard our national security. Although it's revised, it is stemming from the principles of respect to human rights, maximum sovereignty of Mongolia, becoming an active player in international arena. All these principles as enshrined in the constitution of Mongolia of 1992. So what is basically our own perception of security? We have to look at the geographical, geopolitical and yes demographic and cultural and historical situations of Mongolia which is rather unique compared to many other nations. We are in a very unique neighborhood. As our president once told to an American audience, some call it quote from the president, some call it a rough neighborhood but in my opinion it could be also rather benign neighborhood and end of quote. What did he mean? And I can't agree any more with that. You might think it's rough. We are sandwiched between two nuclear powers, two giant non-democracies, both of whom had either strong influence or a domineering position in Mongolia's history. But let's take a look at this phenomenon from a half full approach rather than a glass half empty approach. The two strong powers are effectively shielding Mongolia from a number of international parallels such as terrorist threat, insurgency in any part of the world because these two are strong, these two are centralized and these two neighbors are, they want to make sure that no such international parallels enter their own, they want to make sure that they will put down any manifestations of such parallels should they enter their own national territories. And Mongolia being isolated by hundreds and thousands of kilometers from any other third physical country, that makes us relatively a, from a security practitioner point of view, relatively safe neighborhood. And we're also in the midst of a triple bilateral strategic partnerships. What do I mean by triple bilateral strategic partnerships? We have a Mongolia Russia strategic partnership agreement. The strategic partnership, it's one of the highest levels of confidence. It's not yet alliance, but it's good enough. We have Mongolia, China strategic partnership relations and last but not the least, Russia and China have their own bilateral strategic partnership relations. We don't have any trilateral setting, but we live in the midst of a triple bilateral strategic partnership relations, which makes us to differently, rather than any small nation, rather than any nation of our caliber to see, to have the perception of our security. And we have the comprehensive notion, the comprehensive concept of what national security means, which is not only the physical existence of Mongolia as a country, independence and sovereignty issues to our greatest advantage seem to be out of immediate question. We have no territorial disputes or even any political disagreements on major issues without your neighbors. So we live in a relatively, say, advantageous time and period in history with a relatively advantageous strictly speaking from the security point of view to indulge what we can define our security. It's basically comprehensive, it's human security. So the meaning of national security is to ensure the maximum quality of life and well-being to each and every Mongolian citizen. So the security concept is dictated both by the contemporary mindset, political and social economic realities. So in one hand, it's depending on the mindset, the perception of Mongolians about our own security. Also it reflects political, social and economic realities. So it's both idealist and realistic outlook. And it says for the pure existence, pure physical notion of security, political and diplomatic actions should be the primary means of achieving such security. I'll briefly scheme through what are the six constituent parts and then probably save more time to a more concrete issue about what we have been doing for the defence reform. In our concept, we define Mongolian national security is composed of six constituent parts. The first one is we call security of existence. In a more recognised international relations and security studies term it will be physical security of nation. Even including the cultural and demographic notions of security which is a bit controversial but I would say it's a necessary component of how we define it and I'll probably leave it for the further discussion. Domestic, which means political security, continuation of our liberal democratic governance, economic security which is not a very broadly interpreted notion. I should say it by no means it should mean that we want an isolated economy or we want a non-interdependent economy. Actually it emphasises on diversifying the trade partners, investment partners so that Mongolian economy would be more interdependent with the global economy but excluding, avoiding the situation in which Mongolian economy would be overwhelmingly dependent on one single country. The notion of human security as well, environment and ecology is one important aspect particularly the information security including freedom of information for citizens as well. Let's probably better focus on the notion of traditional security and foreign policy. As stated in both the constitution, the foreign policy concept as well as the national security concept, priority relations for Mongolia and equal, priority of foreign relations and equal treatment of the two neighbours is enshrined in all three documents. Where have we come to this idea? Priority and equal, some say equidistant relations with two neighbours. It's a lesson we learned the hard way from the Cold War existence. Throughout the four decades past World War II, Mongolia had to endure what we call the double Cold War, the Cold War between the Communist bloc and the western free world in the one hand and also the Cold War within the larger Communist bloc led by two arch-rival communist states, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. I'm not going to enter the lengthy discussions on whether or not it was rational or not to one-sidedly align with the Soviets but at the time of Mongolia's democratisation we realised there shouldn't be repeated without any objective reason. So Mongolia, as our framers of the constitution and security strategy, many of these distinguished statesmen are present here, especially on this front row, have decided back then in the early 1990s that save for the most worst case scenario in which vital national interests of Mongolia are at stake, Mongolia should not enter a formal alliance with either one of the neighbours or even any other country. It basically means we will uphold the principles of neutrality and non-alignment. The word neutrality ensues one caveat. It means we still preserve the sovereign right to enter any necessary alliance should our vital national interests are at stake, meaning should any country attempt an armed invasion or something short of that we still preserve the right to enter an alliance with either one of the neighbours or any other country. But as I told you earlier we are currently indulging ourselves in a relatively benign time and space so that we can focus more on not building immediate military and political alliances but further in transforming our national defence capabilities. And even with the priority relations of the two neighbours there's always a strong strategic mindset among the Mongolians for centuries of always trying to overcome the tyranny of geography, the tyranny of distance, of trying to create bridges, build bridges, create new contacts, partnerships with lands far beyond our immediate neighbourhood. And of course the wonderful opportunity came with the opening and democratisation of Mongolia in the late 1990s and early 1980s and early 1990s. And that is very eloquently styled with the term the third neighbour policy. And of course everybody knows that we only have two physical neighbours and third neighbour is rather virtual notion rather than realistic notion. The third neighbour policy as stipulated in our policy documents is primarily advanced democracies. It's not a completely new concept. Successive political regimes and monarchy, even the earlier socialist regime in Mongolia in 1920s have attempted to overcome the tyranny of distance but of course as I said the opportunity came only with Mongolia's democratic transformation. It basically means no country including our two immediate neighbours can exert an absolute leverage. I'm not ruling out the fact that neighbours have leverage over their neighbours. Bigger, powerful neighbours have leverage over their smaller neighbours. I'm not naive about that, we're not naive. We're talking about no country shall have an absolute leverage especially in the light of growing economic interdependence between countries and regions. We can probably sum, and I should warn you that I am just lumping categorising into the four pillars. I mean it's not anything stated in the official policy documents. It's just my own imagination just for the sake of making the ideas more or less clear to you. The so-called third neighbour policy of Mongolia we can assume is based on four pillars essentially. One is political, another one is diplomatic, the third one is economic and social and the fourth one is security component. By political I basically mean it's a commitment to democracy. The only fact which was especially true in the early 1990s but still remaining true now, Mongolia isn't a spotlight of international communities because we are a democracy and we can't ignore that. If we are an authoritarian or semi-authoritarian or even a very benign authoritarian benevolent authoritarian regime with such a small population and small sized economy, I don't think Mongolia would have deserved as much as international attention as we are doing now. So political democracy is not only a luxury of political life, it's not only a conscientious choice of Mongolia and people but it's a national security necessity. It's vital to preserve Mongolia's national security. Secondly, the second pillar is to engage in active bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, being part of regional initiatives, being authors and sponsors of regional initiatives, aspiring to become integral part of regional economic integration and high level summits and organizations as well. We can talk about a number of initiatives, the nuclear weapon free status initiative. It's probably the first and by far only example in which a single country, one country declares itself a nuclear weapon free area. Our modest contribution to regional confidence building such as proposing to host Japan North Korea talks, which is going to happen in Ulaanbaatar for the second time, the first one was in 2007, if I'm not mistaken. We're also aspiring to become, to assume memberships in international Asia Pacific organizations such as APEC, East Asia Summit, as we are already members of ASEM. The third pillar is economic and social interaction, people to people, cultural, educational, in terms of investment, in all these fears we are looking forward to create direct interest and the stakes of the third neighbors to ensure that people-to-people interaction are stable and continuing and to engage in a further educational, cultural exchange. I believe this is pretty much what we are doing today and that's why I want to especially thank the co-hosts of this wonderful event. This is actually not only bringing knowledge and update about Mongolia to the Australian and other international audience here, but it's very helpful to pursue our own, very own national security. So that's why I was beginning to say, I'm utmost grateful for this event. The security component, it's including but not limited to military and military, to military engagement. I just want you to think along with me and try to reimagine Mongolia in the early 1990s. Here we have our former erstwhile benefactor, Soviet Union gun, the troops are withdrawn, we are in the midst of dire economic crisis, the whole economy which was hitherto subsidized is collapsed. We had no prior experiment with free market system, let alone speaking about any representative democracy at all. And guess what, we have had about 90 or 100,000 strong military active duty for a population of 1.9 million then. Per capita it was worse than today's North Korea. I mean everything in Mongolia is per capita. Whether you speak about military deployments, you speak about shares in various sectors in economy or even whether you speak about the number of Olympic medals, everything is per capita. So per capita it was already one of the largest militarized countries in the world in the region. With that economy, we of course couldn't sustain that and also we didn't have any need. Already normalized relations with China created this new foreign policy doctrine which is equal relations to an equal treatment of our two immediate neighbors. So we had to find a way basically to downsize the military force to make it corresponding to the very needs of Mongolia and capabilities, both fiscal and demographic capabilities of Mongolia at that time. So the framers of that agenda, again it's just my personal summarization. It's not really an official documentation. Probably thought about four necessities in order to reform our defense and security sector. One is we should create compact, capable and professionally oriented forces by still maintaining national conscript service but reorganizing to include a more professional and volunteer elements to it. So it's a two in one goal. The second goal, it shouldn't have been a burden on national economy and should not supplant immediate priorities of nation such as economic development, human development. Third, it should not only physically defend Mongolia because we faced no outright enemy. In pure military terms. So it should support Mongolia's foreign policy initiatives and project the country's interest, credibility and image on the international arena. So based on those three, so to speak, policy goals, our defense transformation should have geared toward international peacekeeping operations and other multinational operations. We broadly term it like sometimes MOTW, military operations that are in war, some of which is called international missions for the short. While still upgrading its homeland defense capabilities. So based on those premises about a decade ago, since 2002, I'm not going to talk about how the laws are passed, how many policy papers are written, but since 2002, about 10 years ago, Mongolia began its first overseas deployment of our service members to travel their areas in the world. I'm just going to name you the countries our troops have been. It started with the Democratic Republic of Congo, former Zaire, Western Sahara, Ethiopia and Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, it's Darfur, Georgia, Abkhazia, Chad and Central African Republic, Serbia slash Kosovo, Sierra Leone, last but not least, Iraq and Afghanistan. As of the numbers, as of June of this year, 5,776, 5776 service members including officers, non-commissioned officers, contract soldiers, including female officers have gone through one or another or two or three of these missions. It's an accumulative number. It doesn't mean 5776 people in total. It means a cumulative number. Some people have gone twice or thrice. But nevertheless, it's about half of the entire active duty corps of the Mongolian Armed Forces. At any given period between 120 and at minimum and 7 to 800 at maximum can be deployed where the capability of being deployed overseas. What are the forms of engagement? In a number of capacities, military observers, staff officers, these are relatively safe or relatively coveted duties. Also, we have sent to various combat and near combat missions including combat and protection at various levels, platoon level, company level and full battalion level as well. Mobile training teams, especially artillery training teams, e-meds, the medical teams. And of particular note is our bilateral cooperation, what Mongolians and Australians have been doing at the artillery school in Kabul, training the Afghan National Army service members. Who are our lead partners? First and foremost, we should of course note the United Nations because most of these operations are mandated by the United Nations Security Council. Of individual countries, we have to name the United States. NATO, we have been part of two operations. ISAF, International Stability Assistance Force in Afghanistan and formerly the K-4 in Kosovo. And Australia. These are our lead partners. Among other partners we can also name Poland, Germany, Belgium, France and a number of countries. I'm not going to go to details what happened when, who did what.  Why we needed those deployments? And what are the outcomes? And I should probably lump rational into one, because what we envisioned we are gaining pretty much. Again, I'm categorizing. We had political rationale and political result out of it. Economic, both nationally and for the defence sector. It was economically beneficial. We should not forget the social benefit. The fourth, pure military rationale as well. How important was it for upgrading the skills of our armed forces and individual service members. And last but not least, let's not forget the benefit for the individuals. Let me go to political notion. But political I mean both in terms of realist and idealist terms. It promoted Mongolia's visibility in the international community. It extended the foreign policy by bringing about more partners from different parts of the world. We upgraded, we increased our ability to achieve security assurances from not individual countries as much, but from the international community at a whole. And strategically, it was a litmus test. Especially our first deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan back in 2002 was a litmus test of how would our two immediate neighbors react. Are we crossing any line? Are we not crossing any line? By far, the reactions weren't as harsh as we might as we were afraid of. There's a possibility of a room to maneuver in the international arena, international fora. It was a good litmus test for Mongolia that we indeed are a sovereign nation. Our two neighbors, of course, have leverage, but ultimately not as much as they wish to have, or not as much as we are afraid they might have. And then let's not forget about more idealistic notion of contributing for the common security both globally and regionally. In other words, becoming a country which is not only the recipient of security architecture, but also a provider, a contributor to global and regional security architecture. It's a national pride issue. It's almost like a missionary. It's the zeal. It's the idealistic issue. In some, politically, as our former Defense Minister and Foreign Minister of Mongolia, the namesake of the ambassador told to an audience earlier this year, that peacekeeping commitments means turning or using the hard power which is military into a soft power projecting Mongolia's image. Let's turn to economic side. Why was it beneficial and important economically? Okay, let me be Canada and France, no doubt. It contributes to national budget through the Armed Forces Development Fund. To find the sum we receive from the United Nations through this participation. There's no reason to shy away from that fight. There's no reason to hide and to be ignorant of this fact. And realistically speaking, because we entered the international spotlight, the amount of international aid and investment to Mongolia increased not exclusively because of this factor, but in part thanks to our own commitment to international security. And let's not forget the Armed Forces itself being able to upgrade its weapons and equipment modernization and training facilities. Earlier, our speaker talked about a place named Tavan Tolgoe which literally means five hills. In Mongolia there are two distinctly different places with the same name, five hills. The one is the Coking Coal Deposit and the one I'm going to talk to you is the International Peacekeeping Training Center not far from our capital city of Lambatter and it's been upgraded thanks to the Global Peace Operations Initiative funds provided by the U.S. government. The social aspects our commitments internationally aided the already positive attitude toward the military service always persistent in Mongolia's society. Mongolia has a strong and proud military tradition and even during the communist regime the Armed Forces I'm proud to say never were an instrument of political oppression even during the communist regime. There was never a military junta a military regime, there was never a military dictatorship, it was a political dictatorship so throughout the existence of Mongolia for millennia this military ethos was pretty much respected and it aids to already a positive attitude toward the national service. And what about the military itself its combat preparedness, its counter insurgent skills, ultimately necessary for the defense of homeland should any threat of such kind occur to Mongolia. In a way our soldiers and our officers and NCOs are learning by doing they are engaging in near combat situations only to be able to repeat it should a necessity come to our country. Individually last but not the least how about professional skills but also personal development increasing benign human qualities such as integrity care for your body patriotism, loyalty, family values as well included and these are all very positive factors to our young officers and soldiers who are basically seeing, we all talk about hardships Mongolia faces, we talk about domestic situation, we talk about political instability, it's not instability in the real sense of the world we talk about pollution, we talk about corruption but many of our young people go abroad and see the real basket countries and regions they are more proud of who we are, our nation as an island of stability in this world and I'm not sure this is basically what we have done, I should also mention for the sake of time about a number initiatives and exercises we have a signature event hosted by Mongolia the KQ is an Asia Pacific wide international peace operations initiative which over the past seven years hosted more than 6,000 service members from 20 nations around the Asia Pacific, our wider region we also host bilateral exercises with Russia, with China India, Qatar and Turkey and with the possibility of other partners as well okay to conclude let me just throw you some, I mean I can't avoid controversies, I can't avoid looking at the other side of the things, despite all the successes we still have to be worried and cautious about a few things most strategically what our active engagement in international arena international security means for Mongolia's foreign policy at all, of course it's a natural tilt toward the western world, the third neighbor countries, the democracies the armed forces are being transformed along the lines of the NATO standards, we have incorporated the JSTAF structure into our structure of the command education so how would fit the more western oriented transformation, how would fit with the continued Russian weapons domination I don't think in the near future we'll get rid of the Russian weapons system we'll continue to acquire purchase or otherwise receive Russian weapons and equipment will there be one day a conflict between the two it's an open question, we must be prepared to answer that we're only indulging in this luxury because we are in relatively Benai neighborhood but peacekeeping operations is not necessarily a pure warfighting mission as any armed forces have to be ready to how would it impact its warfighting capability the third we are so lucky that we receive a near universal public support for our international engagements predominantly because we are so fortunate of suffering no single injury let alone speaking of casualty during the last 10 years of international active commitments but for the worst case scenario if a soldier is fallen how would the public react that's the question we also must consider isn't it becoming way too imbalanced meaning we also consider joining forces together with our two immediate neighbors in performing international missions this is a dilemma between our reform goals and strategic considerations fifth and the last we all know that Mongolian troops are courageous and competent and we are part of that but when it becomes ordinary thing 10 years ago deployment to Iraq deployment to Afghanistan was out of the ordinary it was the first international deployment since World War II no matter the preparedness psychological preparedness, social preparedness and discipline were at the highest when it becomes ordinary it becomes just a normal for any Mongolian service member to do will it impact the discipline and preparedness and consciousness at all in some we have gained so much and so much other potentials to pursue the bilateral cooperation in this field with this wonderful country Australia as both position themselves as an Asia-Pacific power and Asia-Pacific partner during the recent visit of the chairman of the general staff, chief of the general staff of Mongolian armed forces I believe the following aspects could have been raised as venues and rooms for possible cooperation we have some rooms to upgrade training or even mutual exchange of expertise secondly I know that Australian defense forces is very strong in humanitarian and disaster preparedness functions regional assistance in MOTW military operations other than war we have plenty of room to learn from your experience we probably can continue our joint efforts especially within the United Nations framework in the hard-quest military exercise the Australian troops are highly welcomed they are already active in the CPX command post exercise but highly desired in field training exercise and possible bilateral exchanges and exercises as well okay I'm almost coming to an end we are determined as a nation to continue pursuing the objective of being a responsible member of the international community the common cliche about Mongolia is that and I'm happy to hear it all the time my country is punching above its actual weight and Australia is more than welcomed to be a partner in this endeavour of ours both because of our values as well as our very own strategic interests thank you very much


So in this video I want to show you just how easy it is to get the inverse of a matrix. Let's change this first code cell into a markdown cell. Remember I'm just going to do the keyboard shortcut escape and you notice that this bar turned blue. I'm going to hit M for markdown and you see this drop down change to markdown and I'm going to hit enter on a PC or Linux machine or return on a Mac and it turns green so I can just type in there. I'm going to use single pound sign or hashtag for an h1 sized title and let's say matrix inverse inverse. Shift enter, shift return and beautifully there I have my title for my notebook. You'd also notice that I changed the name here to just inverse. Now I'm going to use the from import. I'm going to say from simply import the following. All I want here is the matrix function and the init printing function. Init printing. There we go. I'm just going to hold shift enter, shift return and those two only those two functions are going to be imported. I'm going to use init printing. I just typed init and underscore and hit the tab key for auto completion. I'm using it as a function so open close parentheses, shift enter, shift return and now we'll have the pretty large tick printing to the screen. So what am I trying to to solve here? Let me show you something. I'm going to change this code cell again into a markdown cell so escape enter, escape m return and I'm going to hit the double dollar sign so that shift for my keyboard and that enters this markdown cell for LaTeX. In case you know a bit of LaTeX or tech you can just type that in directly here. Let me show you. It's not part of this video series but let me just show you. If I say a and then I want an x with an underline I'm going to say backslash underline and then in curly places x and so there's a x equals and then I want an underline b, underline b close that and then two dollar signs. The two dollar signs will center this LaTeX on the on the screen. If it was just a single dollar sign on each side it would be to the left. I'm going to hold down shift and enter, shift return and you see beautiful LaTeX there to print it to the screen. So this is not code this is just me writing in a normal tech cell, a normal markdown cell and I can write something like that. The matrix A times the column vector x equals the column vector b. We're trying to solve for that and if I have A being an n by n matrix of coefficients so I have the same number of unknowns and the same number of equations that's a square matrix and it's easy to solve and what we are after is the following. Let me do that again escape m enter I'm going to do two dollar signs again so I'm after A inverse the way that you would do that is the following so I'm going to solve for underline x so that's going to place an underline over the x and then to have an A I'm going to have A and then shift six on my keyboard which is the carrot sign and then negative one inside of its curly braces so that says A to the power negative one and then I have underline and then I have underline b again so LaTeX is quite easy if you if you look at that and there we go x equals A inverse b so I'm after that inverse now there's two ways in which you can get the inverses here using some pi the first one is to create this matrix of coefficients so let's do that and and add the element add the identity matrix let me show you so escape m returner enter let's do two pound signs there because I want an h2 heading let's say inverse by elementary row operations okay let's do that one by elementary row operations let's create a matrix I'm going to call mine A1 that's my computer variable it's going to hold a SMPI matrix object I've already imported matrix as a function from SMPI so I can simply type matrix it's a function so arguments go inside of parentheses square brackets and for the whole matrix and then each row has to go in in its own set of square brackets or another set of square brackets so let's make the matrix three and four and I add to that the one in the zero from the identity matrix go outside my square brackets another a comma for the next row and another set of square brackets for that row let's make it four comma five and I'm adding to that zero and one so let's just hit enter return and then A1 again to print that to the screen so you see I actually have this two by two matrix three and four and four and five but I add to that on the right hand side the identity matrix of size two by two since my matrix three four four five the two by two matrix I'm adding the identity matrix two by two identity matrix on the right hand side and now if I use my row reduced function here our row reduced echelon form and I do that it is going to give to me the identity matrix on the left hand side the one zero zero one and on the right hand side what I have left here is the inverse of three four four five so it's negative five four four and three so you can do that to get the inverse let me show you the more convenient way escape m enter and two pound signs because we're going to do inverse through using just the dot i and v function I'm going to make this little apostrophe which is way up on the left top of my keyboard under the escape key and I'm going to type i and v open close parentheses and that little sign again so what that does is if you have marked on and you want it to appear as as you have written code inside of a code cell hide them in those little and those little little signs that shift enter and you can see it's sort of colored that in and it looks different the text looks different let's just to show that I you know it's it's just one way to show that that's actual code and that's what the section is going to be about so let's just create matrix a two again that's just going to be a matrix a matrix and my parentheses my square brackets my set of square brackets three comma four and my second row was four comma five all the way to the end enter return a to print to the screen by shift enter shift return and that was my initial matrix that that I had to solve to all get the inverse four at least matrix of coefficients square matrix a two and a very easy way to do that is referred to a two and then the dot notation and just i and v and open and close parentheses and that immediately is just going to give me the inverse of that matrix should one exist and I see there the negative five four and the four negative three just as I could have read from the reduced echelon form there so the way that some pie does this is just through Gaussian elimination but you can specify a different way so if you're really dealing with large matrices you can ask some pie to use a different algorithm I just want to make you aware of that it's not of particular interest here with these small matrices I could say i and v and then I'm going to pass an argument to this function and I'm going to call it method equals and then in quotation marks lu so it's going to use lu decomposition to get the the inverse of this matrix exact same inverse that we're going to see but under circumstances that might be a better method to use than the default which is this Gaussian elimination so you see there really how easy it is to do to get an inverse using some pie if you have some some work to do that you have to check your own hard work which you do in pencil and paper or pen and paper then use some pie just to check whether whether your solutions are correct very very easy to do


All right y'all here we go 2023 I'm at collegiate five box full case number 22 random divisions I'm gonna show the results and then we'll random off those silver packs that I said We'd be a randoming off here So again, I got two of them will randomize the divisions one more time the top two in that random will get the silver packs Thanks for filling this up Those can be found at the template sports cars calm by the way. We will go nine on the silver pack random Again top two so two packs here top two taking them away one two three four five six seven eight and nine AFC East NFC West Two national VIP silver packs for the break there one for the AFC East one for the NFC West. Good luck everybody here We go. I'm at collegiate Next is gonna be pretty anyone because that is sold out. We're gonna kind of go in the order that things sell out here And if they sell it simultaneously, we'll just go in the order the original schedule I mean, so it's so happy elite guys. That's in single digits now. We got optic retail just like less than 50 bucks a spot optic T mall, which is super super marked out from where it was John T grabbing for Optic T mall spots Stephen W with Dallas and NT. How about that? That's awesome So let me get you guys a link for let's do let's do elite again elite link here for you nine to go People with money just get bored with the wear I would feel like what are they doing but I was gonna say but if I had like 50 million I'd be like dude, I'll just You got the 75 Jalen waddle for the AFC East Dude to take the bait is really cool. Yeah, the first box. You're right was okay But the second one that take the bait one that that's that's actually pretty good on like resale If you if you do sell I don't sell a lot of my Star Wars cards. I'm All I do is buy. I got I got a problem there Quadgers into 99 is champ Bailey. I believe champ goes to the Broncos for longest tenure. I don't think it's very close either It wasn't with I Was gonna say he wasn't with Washington for that long, right? Yeah, it's 10 10 to 5 And one of the best DB's ever right there That goes to Denver AFC West Number to 10 here is a bull patch rookie auto tank Dell Tank Dell bull patch that's goes AFC South the Texans and we go. What is that? Is that glove? That's Ronnie Bell on the rookie glove signature is one of six Ronnie Bell number to six What is that? It says it's like a bee. Is that a bee?  I think he might even be a bangle, but I'm getting him confused with somebody Erica Gray on the RP a two out of 13 Might even get a guess because every time I guess I'm just not even close He is a giant Giants Eric Gray RPA to 13 NFC East We've got a AFC West rookie patch autograph to 99 Quentin Johnston You go AFC West that's a pretty soft box there a lot of low-numbered patch autos That's a good start for the case One thing's for sure both these teams play pretty good defense The Jets offense is barely even moving and they're still holding the bills on like pretty well James Cook Dalvin Cook facing off Alright next is a Joe burrow AFC North bull season on the insert You'd like you would know their brothers Whoever's jeans and that family they're running strong Usually it's the mother right Guess it depends usually I feel like that the mother's jeans are nine to go on elites two spots Just came in for team. Oh, that's at 15 to go. Awesome. So yeah, we do have Yeah, we'll do pinini one right after this You still got plenty of spots left guys optic retails at 20 to go Then one of the football promo on the fly two silver packs per break. That's remaining Ronnie Bell again, I know he's NFC West here jumbo jersey to 99 Horizontal on the rookie patch autograph Sean Tucker to 65. I think Sean Tuck bucks. That's our member That's how that's what Kyle says Sean Tuck bucks NFC South Your first break mark is elite. Oh, come on guys. You gotta get elite going normally we start on time mark. I apologize Sean must have said something. Yeah, all I could think of Jersey autograph Jalen Carter for the NFC East of 99 The Vikings and a silver pack and Addison in a silver pack in your future, maybe Jalen Carter NFC East we got redemption is A mile Sanders immaculate ink now again, it's collegiate It's gonna go to his current team, which is the Panthers the NFC South mile Sanders immaculate ink and auto here is going to be Marvin Mims for the AFC West the 99 Second box not as good as the first one first one was was was lights out the first one was was pretty awesome AFC West Broncos Marvin Mims I think the Vikings just know how to draft receivers man. I Think they've got something down there. They seem to have figured it out All right, then elite football guys is at nine to go We've also got NT PYT Cardinals the Falcons are still there and Washington is still there. That's kind of nuts Surprises see both of them still there a lot of spots counter for Bowman Chrome, which is very good Wednesday is gonna be awesome Got Tebow to 99. He goes Denver Denver Tebow AFC West So Chris, how you doing buddy? Happy Monday, man Jefferson seen a shut it down. I think I mean Team's got to be keying in on him, right? Like they're just gonna like don't let Jefferson beat us Don't let Jefferson beat us got McKee and Mills dual Jersey. That's gonna be McKee for the NFC East and Mills for the AFC South Random at the end. I believe I don't think anybody I don't think someone has thought you go Ruby has not it's not him random at the ends Got another tank Dell for the AFC South rookie patch autograph to 99 your one membership. I think mine is I don't even know where mine is. I guess mine's maxed out Can't remember we got laundry tag rookie patch autograph Brian branch Ryan branch nice one there. He had a pick six yesterday for the for the Cowboys, right? He's a cowboy Is that who it was? Oh Lions Lions. It was Lions. It was Thursday night. That's what it was. I know he had a pick six I was like, ah, I'm trying to picture my mind There we go for the NFC East or say NFC north is Detroit.   I get I did he wasn't just recently just sign those if they're in this product That's sick though congrats AFC north I'd mag that that's awesome USC folks collect him big I feel like and so do obviously he's a stealer and it's game used and I don't think that That's that's not a card. You would see every day right there awesome Palamalu I've seen his auto here and there like Super Bowl autos like those inserts and things like that, but now not a lot at all That's cool though, man That man that Watching him play defense. That was one of the most fun things you could do as far as defensive players go the 75 is fields for the NFC north Got a glove relic it looks like yep to 24 Christian Gonzalez for the AFC East He looks good yesterday for the Patriots like that I've never heard anything around owns name uses a verb before I don't know if I'll ever recover honestly. Oh Geez Cameron. I'm sorry. Well. Hey, that's gotta join my breaks You know what I mean 19 to go on the optic retail 15 to go on team all NT is down to seven NT divisions is at five still and he lead is still at nine guys Let's get elite filled up. Come on now. Shall we lead some love? Kenny Macintosh horizontal rookie patch out of the 25 Kenny Macintosh Kenny Macintosh is Seattle NFC West Got an autograph Chris Gonzalez AFC East to 99. Oh, man. That's that's the Patriots rookie the auto leaves a lot to be desired Thank God. He's really good that what Courtney Davis to 99 horizontal RPA Courtney Davis where I don't even know. I don't even know where that's gonna go. That's a 2020. I'm that collegiate Courtney Davis. I don't even remember his like pro uniform rookies. He even had any Courtney Davis, I believe he was a cult right culture Viking or something He signed with the Vikings as a UDFA April 2020 Cut September 5th 2020 Uh It's gonna go cults. He was at the cults like January 21 to August 2021 So it'll just go cults on the Courtney Davis and do that sick do a lot of Barry Sanders Thurman Thomas, okay state cowboys Thurman Thomas should go AFC East did even play anywhere else other than the bills It's gonna be NFC East and NFC North random at the end Good luck on that one. That's fire. Do this case is good without even having like monster monster rookie It's Barry Sanders and Thurman Thomas Okay, state cowboy legends and that's cool produces running backs back in the day. It seems like it doesn't matter with With the with the jets because I get the old lines like that. It ain't gonna matter like if they can't even protect Rogers Yeah, dude, you could put my home is back there and they're still not gonna go No, no, I don't think so Puka Brock pretty to 99 for the NFC West I'm Pat's fan. No They don't have the weapons the defense for sure, dude. They don't have the other weapons. They can't Quad Jersey Mahomes the 99 for the AFC West Yeah, first drive of the game Chris He got hit it was not even like super low, but it definitely sprained his ankle at the very least sprained his ankle X-rays were negative, but Yeah To 75 as an autograph Terry McLauren for the NFC East It's better line jets or bears. Oh Ramars. I would think the bears by like Very little. I Don't know maybe it's cuz I'm watching the jets right now Online online doctors saying is Achilles All right, I'm not gonna trust the online doctors never trust the doctors that are just watching tape Got horizontal patch auto rookie is Dorian Thompson Robinson nice one for Cleveland AFC North Yeah, I couldn't imagine Happen to Trey lands last year immediately It Xavier Hutchinson RPA to 65 for the AFC South. Oh, that's a nice one up next AFC South Texans there And we've got an arch manning autograph to 99 random to everybody in just a moment Big time arch good luck everybody good luck Future Patriot one can only dream. I mean he's got to be good in college first All right, so that's to everybody the the arch So three autos three randoms here Let's see the world was McKee NFC East and Mills AFC South and then we had the dual auto. That was a cool one Sanders and Thomas NFC North and AFC East I don't know what Thurman Thomas up really quick. Where did I feel like he played somewhere else? For like a year There it is one year in Miami. I Didn't remember that one year in Miami He Yeah rushing yards a game was like 15. He didn't play he didn't rush. He didn't play that much He was like he had 20 attempts in the season. So yeah, he was just kind of so hanging on. Yeah Now what his but he's friend Gore. That's what he was One year with Miami. He even saw it out with the bills at a certain point Running backs man back then it was like once you hit 30 Yeah, he like his that was like that was a year 2000 Yeah early early 90s, he was probably he was at one point probably the best running back in league before Emmett Smith was NFC East AFC South Redemption or not redemption But a dual Jersey McKee NFC East Mills AFC South dual auto is NFC North Sanders AFC East Thurman Thomas Very cool auto to five here and then we had Arch Manning. That's rammed everybody Rammed everybody. Good luck. That's a monster Manning right there. That's I would say the biggest part of the break by a good bit All right, we will go six on all of these best of luck everybody dual relic first one Two three four five and six you've got the AFC South It's so early to predict where Arch Manning is gonna go because that's literally at least three years from now, right three draft class So AFC South on that one dual auto one two three four five and six I Just saw Rob's got it. You need NFC North for the dual auto Six times little on the Arch Manning best of luck y'all one two three four five and six It's going to the NFC East big congrats NFC East getting the arch Wow, that means he's gonna be a giant I Don't know. Yeah, it's very hard to predict three years from now Who's gonna be like the absolute worst team, right? And also like I said, he's literally in college. He has to be good in college first So there's a dual auto went to the AFC South McKee and Mills. He had my homes Christian Gonzalez Ronnie Bell and champ Bailey autos Xavier Hutchinson Dorian Thompson Robinson Terry McLauren Courtney Davis Christian Gonzalez Kenny Mackintosh NFC East Redemption Chris Rodriguez junior premium patch rookie autograph That was a Brian branch on the NFC North laundry tag rookie out of the five tank Dell Marvin Mims NFC South Redemption is Miles Sanders immaculate ink and goes to current team. It's collegiate Jalen Carter Sean Tucker Clinton Johnston Eric Gray Ronnie Bell the glove sig Bull patch auto tank Dell When going to the NFC North is the Barry and the Thurman Arch Manning went to the NFC East in the random big congrats on that one and then a Palomalu 2015 I'm at collegiate game use patch auto for the AFC North Sick stuff. Thanks again everybody moving on now to some more football whatever school whatever school