Hey everybody, what's going on? Tutor terrific here. Thanks for stopping by my live stream Whether you're watching it live or in post good to see you guys So second live stream in the try this again. I Was happy to get a few people on here last time checking it out. Let a few more people know So tonight I have a couple things planned, but as for usual If you guys want to interrupt the stream for some questions, please put them right in the chat if we get enough people Trying to get questions answered then I'll prioritize those who do a super chat for me And I'll thank you in advance for that supporting me and my family and my work as a tutor and an educator so feel free to do that, but also I'll be I have some stuff planned For tonight in case I don't get questions and that's totally fine I'll put what that is in the video description after I post it that does live goes post and But feel free to interrupt that at any time with your Requests alright, so without further ado, let's shrink me and let's get my screen up there Alright, and we're gonna share that right now Here we go So What we have here is our first topic for tonight, and that's balancing chemical reactions All right It's a topic I got from one of my private students a couple days ago And I think it's really really really really important to Go over this topic Because a lot of chemistry students really seem to struggle with this and I'm gonna go through multiple ways as you could see over here to do This balancing reactions System that we need to do but let's get started here With understanding what we've been looking at for those who aren't really clear on what this is Hi for those of you who are joining now. Thanks for stopping by Feel free to put any questions you have in the chat to interrupt my scheduled programming Okay, so what we're looking at here is a bunch of reactions, so let's just zoom in on number 11 for the moment so we have P for phosphorus and it's gonna combine with oxygen to make diphosphorus pentoxide and What the the the goal for this exercise is is to balance the number of atoms on each side so that we obey the law of conservation of mass if You have a reaction that is not balanced And doesn't have the same number of atoms of each type of element on both sides. You are completely and utterly Disobeying the law of conservation of mass and that is a fundamental law in physics and chemistry and all the sciences So we cannot do that and so we balance our reactions to avoid that now our first one here phosphorus Oxygen and P2o5. I'm gonna explain before I start doing this the two methods by which We balance reactions. So first we have here. I know it's wordy. I'll go through this one step at a time the traditional method Okay, the traditional method It has many different forms a lot of different people discuss the traditional method in different ways and that's fine and you won't find any any Symbiosis with anyone everybody has their own version. So this is mine I like and I learned this when I was in high school To start on the very left with the very first element and you take inventory of the first element and countered on both sides of the reaction What I mean by taking inventory is a mental inventory. We go back over here. How many of The first element do we have? Well, we have One phosphorus Adam on this side and on the other side. We look for that P and we have two Okay, great So we've taken a mental inventory And now if we go back to step two if there's an imbalance in that very first element that you encounter You need to correct with coefficients, which are multiplicative. Okay, I'll explain what I mean by Multiplicative in a second. Let's talk about what I mean by correct with coefficients. What is a coefficient? a coefficient is a number that goes in front of the compound or the element and what it does is it multiplies all the numbers of that element the number of atoms of that element that Succeed it so they've come after it before any pluses or arrows and by the way you read an arrow as the word yield Okay, when I have phosphorus and oxygen combined like this it yields Die phosphorus pentoxide, so that's how you have to understand that but that's not the focus for today The focus for right now is balancing it So we look and we see our inventory for phosphorus and we see there's one phosphorus on the reactant side which is before the arrow and there's two phosphorus atoms on The product side so that is an imbalance. We do not have the same number So we can't have that we've got to deal with this now what we're gonna do is we're gonna Fix that by putting a two right here What this does is it multiplies the number of phosphorus atoms that I already see on the reactant side So now there's two times one or two phosphorus atoms on The reactant side so now we have a match we have a match of two phosphorus And two phosphorus perfect. So phosphorus itself is balanced But we're not done. So let's go back to Our traditional method rules here what we're gonna do now Is we're gonna move all through all the elements left to right We leave oxygen and hydrogen for last because in some of the compounds you've seen these early chemistry classes Oxygen and hydrogen is all over the place And so it's best to leave them for last because if you start with them You really really mess up any balancing you try and do and you might have to go back and fix things So not a good plan. So we leave those elements for last but Like I said, we're going to move through all elements left and right left to right. So now we've got oxygen Let's take our inventory unbalanced inventory. We've got two oxygens here And we've got five oxygens here We've got an imbalance and when we have Particularly an odd number. That's when things can get a little dicey It's really hard with multiple multipliers to balance odds like this Sometimes what we end up doing is we double anything odd so that it becomes even And that really helps with this process. So let's fix it. Okay What would I do to turn two into five? Well, immediately if I want to balance this I have to remember I can only do multipliers The coefficient that I would add here is a multiplier. Okay, it's not I'm going to add A certain number of oxygens and then I'll have five. So you can't just put like a three here And then I have five oxygens. It's a multiplier. It's three times two. That's six So that's no good. Okay, we can't have that But what we are going to have to do in this case if we're not allowed to use fractions, which I'm saying we're not We have to come back to the other side The product side and we have to double The number of diphosphorus pentoxide compounds. Okay molecules And so that's going to be a two right here Okay, let's fix our inventory now. We have four phosphorus over here and 10 Oxygens over here because that's how these coefficients work. They multiply everything in the compounds that succeed them Okay, so there's a p2 here. Well now there's four because it's two times two There are uh 10 oxygens because it's two times five. That's how this works Okay, now What we're going to do next is come back over here to this oxygen. Okay. I want 10 oxygens on this side. Now I can do that which is the beauty of this Doubling like this now I can do that. I can make this number of oxygens 10 easily by putting a five here five times two is 10 change my inventory now. It's 10 So now oxygen is beautifully balanced But if you as you noticed something happened to my phosphorus when I doubled the diphosphorus pentoxide I Caused it to be in balance and that's when we're going to go to the uh the traditional method steps I'm going to look at what happens each time you correct an imbalance and another Balance for a different element. It's thrown off. That's what we just saw You have to go back and correct that balance and any other subsequent imbalances that are caused Then we only have one that was caused and that is phosphorus was imbalanced So what we need to do now is we need to come back over here and Do what we need to do this coefficient to make it four four phosphorus on the reactant side and What do we do?  So it's four times one phosphorus on the Reactant side. So that is a four All right now we look with these coefficients. Do we have four phosphorus on each side? Yes Do we have 10 oxygen atoms on each side? Yes So with this set of coefficients The reaction is balanced and we obey the law of conservation of mass Okay, so the final answer. Let's get rid of all this work. This is confusing to look at would be this Okay Now if you do it this way you are ensuring that you're getting the smallest possible ratio of atoms We don't want anything larger. I wouldn't want three times these numbers 12 phosphorus 15 oxygen and six died a died phosphorus pent oxides I wouldn't want that because that's not the smallest ratio when you do these. Do you want the smallest ratio? That's what chemists like to see I know in real life We've got millions and maybe even billions of these atoms reacting and maybe the tip of tip of a match Or something like that. That's all we care about. We care about the smallest ratio to make the reaction possible Okay, so all of that to say we can go faster with this step But let's look at what I said was the last the last last last step in this process Okay If you find that you have to write a fraction for a coefficient to balance the reaction Multiply the entire reaction by the denominator Of that fractional coefficient you're trying to use to remove the possibility of any fractional answers, right? Like I said, most teachers don't allow fractional coefficients. I've seen some that do I just think a little with a little bit of math this math right here in step five You can fix that and you don't have to deal with that. Okay So what we're when did we come up with that? Right here when I had before I doubled this and I had 0 5 I was thinking. Oh, maybe I'll just uh go ahead and put a What do I have to put here to make two five I have to put five over two Okay, five over two if I put a five over two in this spot And I had a two here and I had a one here What rule five says is you have to multiply all of these numbers by the denominator of this fraction To get rid of the fraction obviously when you do that you're going to get the numbers below So that would have happened anyway. So if honestly it's up to you What do you think is faster? I think that's not faster I don't like working with fractions if I don't have to especially improper ones like this So I avoid that and avoid fractions by doubling. That's just my preference You're welcome to your preference, but your teachers requirements are what matter most Okay, let's try and do another one faster. Okay Same rule though, and then we're going to go back and learn the algebraic method We're going to see how awesome it is, but it takes a little getting used to Okay, sodium Combined with water makes a violent reaction as you may know Let's off a little heat for sure Create sodium hydroxide, which is a solid and hydrogen gas which you actually see bubble up in the water sodium suspension And it's very nice if you get your hands some pure sodium. It's one to try but do it safely That's what alkali metals do in water. They react violently Especially as you go down the period it gets more and more violent So let's look here. Let's start our inventory. I'm not going to ride all these numbers out this time I'm just going to say we're looking left to right at sodium first. I have one On the product the reactant side and I have one on the product side So I'm good. I don't have to do anything So I move on to hydrogen I don't really have anything but hydrogen and oxygen left and I said those are the ones you want to say for last And so I'm doing that I'm saving them for last because there's nothing else to do. Let's look here. I've got two hydrogens on the products the reactant side and I have one two three Two three. I've got three On the product side. That's an odd number. That's no good. Okay My little shortcut is to double what makes it odd because you're gonna have to double it anyway to get rid of fractions and so we're going to do that right now I have a one hydrogen here and so that's going to make Adding one to an even number. What does it do? It makes it odd. Okay, so we're we're going to not have I'm not going to be able to deal with that. Okay So we're going to put a two here To get rid of that fact that that one H makes an odd number of H's on the product side Okay Now I haven't balanced H yet. How many do I have now on the product side? I have two Two times one and then plus two more. So four Okay, I have to come back over here to balance hydrogen And I have to put a two here so that there's four on the reactant side Notice how I messed up my perfect balance with sodium So I have to go back and fix that. I had two sodiums here That's why I'm going to have two sodiums here. That's going to make two on each side It's nice when you have elements by themselves because you can adjust how many there are And fix any imbalances that result from trying to correct other ones Okay, so our hydrogens are balanced at four each our sodiums are balanced at two each now Let's go to oxygen. So we got two oxygens on this side The reactant side and we've got two oxygens On the product side. So guess what? We're good to go. We're all done We've got two sodiums two oxygens And four hydrogens. So we didn't need a number here and when there's no number there It's assumed that you have a one. Okay We don't write a one ever. We just write anything larger than one Okay, all right, I'm gonna just pause for a second and look at my email and see if anybody's emailed me any questions they have Okay All right, not yet. And that's totally fine. I'm enjoying myself Seeing that people are watching Okay, let's look at this Other method, okay Algebraic methods beautiful methods. It's not super complicated or some crazy method or anything but Using algebra a lot of the time Once you understand what you're doing and can get past the abstraction of it can really Really help you it can really really help you Algebraic method for sure is preferred when you have really complex reactions to balance Okay I've worked with students who learn the algebraic method in class And I tried to get them to go back to the traditional method and they said, uh, uh, no, please don't I understand the algebraic method. Please work with me through that and I'm gonna I just said, okay I'll do it and then I started to work with it more and I realized how good it is So first step in the algebraic method is to assign variables for each coefficient location So let's go back here We already know the answer for number 11 four five two make a mental note of that. I'll put it up here So the algebraic message should provide the same exact Uh Coefficients as its answer. So that's what we hope And what we're going to do is we're going to erase these and we're going to do what it says. We're going to put Variables I can start with the alphabet lowercase letters a b and c in the places where the coefficients should go At step one. Okay, let's go read what step two is step two for each element Determined relationship between variables required for balance Emphasis on each element here. We're doing each Element at a time. We're going to make a separate equation for each element Here's an example of those equations for this other reaction. Just so you can see an example There's one for aluminum And there's one for oxygen. Okay, they're separate and so we're gonna that's how we're going to do this But let's do it for our example, okay So for phosphorus, I'm going to have a equation and for oxygen. I'm going to have an equation, okay for phosphorus What do I see? I see that there's one a on the reactant side and I see that there's two A phosphorus on the product side. So how does that factor into the equation? Let's look at this example to see if I have one aluminum on the A reactant side I put a single a there And if I see next to the c over here a two I put a two next to that c Okay, it's like you're multiplying the c by the number of atoms of each element you have So when I apply that over here a very similar reaction with different elements I have a a single a because there's one p next to it. That's going to equal two C's The reason this works so well is because I need two times c For a in order for there to be a balance between the phosphorus atoms I need a to be double the size of c. Again, we don't know what they are We just know that a needs to be double whatever c is Then we go to oxygen, okay Oxygen I have two on the reactant side so two b And that has to equal on the other side Five c Okay Five c So Now that we set up these equations, how do we solve them? Normally what's done is you assign a value to one of the variables to get started Now you have to be careful when you do that. Let's explain why The smallest positive integer possible is A little funky. We already know what the answer is going to be And so I'm going to assume we didn't and we set one of the variables to equal one And what we're going to do after we do that is we're going to solve for the other ones using algebraic substitution Okay, this is not super complicated substitution Like you might have learned in your algebra 2 or pre calculus class if you're currently in it It's actually pretty simple but You must You must use that to solve if you get fractional answers You must deal with those. So let's see if we get fractional answers after we do step three Just assign a value to one of the variables Usually what's done is you assign one to the variable with the smallest coefficient In your two equations my two equations have a with a coefficient of one And so what I do is I assign a equal one and I see what happens Okay If a equals one then the p equation we can solve for c because now I know what a is One equals two c Okay So If we have that we could solve for c by dividing by two Hopefully if you're watching this you have at least a small At least a first full year of algebra under your belt And we're going to divide by two and get c equals one half. Okay. We got a fraction We're gonna have to deal with that, but let's keep going And see what happens if we continue to use these Now we need to find b. That's the last of the three variables What do we have? We have five c equals two b. Okay So we're gonna plug one half in for c and then find a b two b Oops forgot to be Two b equals five Times one half for c. I plugged in c. Uh, so two b equals Five halves five times one half is five halves if I divide by two That's the same as multiplying by one half I'm gonna cancel I'm gonna get b equals five fourths. Oh dear. I've got lots of fractions now. This is no good. Okay When I look at I'm gonna put these up here next to each other all of my answers in fraction form What I need to do is multiply by the Largest denominator I need to multiply all my answers by the largest denominator. I have the largest denominator. I have is Five over it's four. Okay. And so each one of these answers needs to be multiplied by four Okay Times four. What do you get? You get a equals four b equals five it's because it cancels and c What is one half times four everybody? It's two c equals two And when you get these nice beautiful coefficients like this you are assured You don't have to check. They are the smallest possible ratio Okay, so let's take these numbers and put them in here four five two look at that They are a match. Okay. This is the algebraic method Once you get your hands and you get the hang of it Uh You might prefer it. I'm starting to it's it's grown on me over the last couple uh years So I would say it's pretty nice Let's try it with the next one, you know Let's do a couple. Uh the next one number 12. We know the answer two two two and one Okay, those are small nice small ratio of the numbers. Let's do the algebraic method a little faster Okay, so moving over here All right, we'll do the work in this area I've got na a h2o b naohc h2d so we've got Four variables that we're assigning to each of these. Okay, great. Oh my gosh four variables is gonna be hard You're probably gonna have three equations, but that's okay. Okay, you're gonna have the number of equations that you do elements So let's start making our equations sodium I've got one sodium over here. So that's one a And what is it equal on the other side? It equals c because I have one sodium on the other side So it's coefficient should be c it should be one To one ratio with a Okay, great Let's go ahead and do h next Okay, h was that one that was a little complicated where to see how that complication shows up in this here Situation this equation. So I've got two hydrogens next to b. So that's 2b And that's gonna equal I've got a c next to a single h so c But I got more h is over here the plus sign in the middle. So it's gonna be plus 2d Okay, so this equation has three variables in it. I'm not the funnest Um, I see you on the chat. Hey, welcome. Uh, oh, sorry not in the chat I see your viewers out there. Uh, if you're new and you're just joining you can interrupt my Uh, regularly scheduled programming here with any questions you have just ask them in the chat All right, um back to what we're doing here my goodness, I have two equations and Four very possessed not going to be enough even with substitution. Thankfully I've got another Nice Element to deal with Okay, and that's oxygen. So oxygen. I see one oxygen next to h2o next to b. So b I see another oxygen over here And uh, that's a single one next to c. So b equals c is what we're dealing with right now And look at that. I got a equal c and b equal c a lot of things kind of equal each other And by transitive property a and b and c all if to equal the same thing I don't know if you remember that three of those coefficients were actually the same Okay, and what did I teach you choose step three for one of the variables to be Uh, this, you know a nice small whole number. So I'm not going to cheat We don't know what the other answer was we're pretending we're doing it only this way And we're going to choose a equals one again, okay Again, this is the difficult arbitrary step you get to take it will fix itself if there are fractions. I'll show you Okay, so if a equals one you automatically know that c equals one because a equals c in the first equation Down here if c equals one then you know b has to equal one because b equals c in the third equation So I have a one one one for a b and c. Okay, that was easy, right? Let's try and find d in the second equation plugging b and c in So I've got a two times one for this part To be equals and the c is one Plus a two d then d is unknown Let's see what happens when I solve for d We're going to subtract this one Two times one is two minus one is one equals a two d. Yes, okay I think I see where this is going. Maybe you do two divide by two And you get d equals one half Oh d equals one half that's uh not good But we know what to do final step Just refresh the steps solve for others using algebraic substitution any fractional answers required you To multiply all answers by the least common denominator to remove all fractions That's what we're going to do now The two right here is the only denominator here. So we're going to multiply by two. Okay So everything gets multiplied by two that means we're going to have a equals two b equals two c equals two And d will equal one because it was one half. Ah getting ahead of myself here d equals one Okay, so there you have it We come over here a b c d. So a is two b is two c is two and d is one A is two b is two c is two and d is one. We don't write ones. Look at that.  It's definitely better. It's just not as intuitive. So that's the that's the tradeoff Okay, so that's balancing chemical reactions If you'd like me to do more just write in the chat that you'd like me to do more. I'm happy to do it All right now second topic for tonight In our hour together is geometry practice Circle properties.  So we're moving and we're totally switching gears here I mean you got to think geometry. Well, there's lots of interesting Shapes and there's lots of interesting figures in Circles when it comes to geometry. Okay, let's look at what those are Okay, so some of these you probably like this is easy The center of a circle is defined as a point that's equidistant from all points on the circle. Okay That distance between the points in the circle and the center Is called the radius. Okay, so all of these points on the circle Are one radius away from the center. Okay by definition Then we have a cord, okay a cord is not a diameter which is Two radii that's one way to think of it a cord is just a line segment that connects two points on the circle A line segment that connects two points on the circle It turns out the diameter is the largest possible cord and it's the only cord that goes through the center Okay, so that's a cord Then you have this thing here called an arc. Okay An arc is a section of the circle now. There's two measurements for arcs. There's a degree measurement And there's a length measurement We're not going to get into arc length today, but there's a formula to find it However in geometry when you're more reasonably Interested in is the arc degree. Okay arcs are measured by the angle they make With the center Okay, what I mean by that is how much do I have to rotate at the center to go from one end of the arc to the other? That's called This angle here the central angle The central angle that's my symbol for angles. Okay So those are the same the degree of the arc and the central angle that subtends it's called Uh is the um That is the same. Okay the same measurement So it's getting a little busy. Let's erase that Okay, then we have these lines that go through the circle They're they're full lines. They don't end on either side. Those are called secant lines. Okay, secant lines Now one section One line sorry that uh connects at only one spot because secant lines connect at two spots It's called a tangent line tangent lines intersect a circle at one point Okay, that point is called guess the point of tangency. Okay Uh something to note is that the point of tangency in the tangent line And that radius that connects that point of tangency to the center of the circle It looks you know looks and geometry you never go by looks you go by proofs But it looks like that's a perpendicular situation. Is that a 90 degree angle? Well, let's find out. We're not going to do proofs We're just going to look at the theorems. Okay Uh one thing I didn't discuss are what are called inscribed angles. So let's come back up here And let's draw an inscribed angle. Okay An inscribed angle would look like this It's an angle whose vertex is on the circle. Okay the very important angles Okay, we talked about central angles inscribed angles do not have their vertex at the center They have their vertex on the edge of the circle basically just on the circle Okay, uh a very important truth about inscribed angles versus central angles Here's a central angle looking at the same arc here The measure of this angle will be half the measure of this angle every time A central angle and an inscribed angle that subtend the same arc Will be at a two to one ratio central angle will be double the size of the inscribed angle. Okay So that's a very important truth. I'm going to leave that there Now if we have a an inscribed angle that has an arc That's literally a semi circle meaning half the circle That arc length is 180 degrees And so this the inscribed angle here has to be half of 180 which is 90.  It's a right triangle. Okay But only if one of the sides is literally the diameter of the circle has to go through the center Okay over here. We have a really cool And very interesting Um It's quadrilateral all of its vertices touch the circle This type of quadrilateral has a lot of interesting properties that has a lot of constraints on its shape and it's called a cyclic Quadrilateral cyclic quadrilaterals We can do a lot of interesting proofs on what has to be true about them But one in particular is that opposite angles are supplementary. Do you guys remember what supplementary is? It means that they add up to 180 degrees So the two green angles here these add up to 180 degrees the two yellow angles those add up to 180 degrees Every time Not consecutive angles next to each other. No relationship, but opposite angles are supplementary. Okay, so that's one to know Then we have This guy we already talked about this inscribed angle versus in a central angle Okay, half as big as the angle at the center. They don't even use Angle at their circumference.  They're called inscribed angles. Everybody calls them that silly book all right next Angles in the same segment. What does this means is angles that subtend the same arc Inscribed angles specifically. So it's like I took this vertex and moved it over here Is it the same angle measurement? Yes, I could move it again and put it way over here Moving it down the circle like this It would still be the same measurement. It's pretty interesting feature But it has to be based on the other things and it's happening with these two angles here looking at the other direction it's happening there too so That is a very important thing about inscribed angles very important conjecture Let's look At this one. This one isn't used very much okay But it is rather interesting if we have a tangent Okay And we have a triangle inside that's inscribed If one of the vertices of the triangle is at the point of tangency We've got some congruent angles here based on these colors This exterior angle will be congruent to the opposite interior angle. This exterior angle will be congruent to the opposite interior angle Really really really interesting, but it is true If this is a tangent line only if it's a tangent line does this happen? Okay, we're at that point of tangency earlier here. We have another one It's a tangent line And this is the radius at the point of tangency Notice how we were correct that that is a right angle Okay and then lastly If we have two tangent lines which start at the same point Basically tangent rays and they keep going on Tangents which meet at the same point are of equal lengths Okay, so this tangent The section of the tangent to the point of tangency is the same length as this one Now the really interesting thing that happens here is if you draw the points of tangency and the radii that connect them to the center This one and this one Well, these are have to be congruent because they're both radii. You have this quadrilateral here, which is called a kite a kite has Two consecutive pairs of congruent sides meaning for those of you are really familiar congruent means Same measure, okay So those two radii obviously have the same measure because that's the same circle and those the conjecture says that these two um these two line segments from this Concurrent point that they both emanate from And to the points of tangency those are also congruent. Okay There are many more but that's how we can get started. So if you see something like this And you're asked, uh, what do I do I have to find a? Well, look I have a central angle. That's 130 And it subtends this arc And then I have this inscribed angle a that subtends the same arc, but it's inscribed So what does that mean? That means a will be half 130. It'll be 130 divided by two Which is 65 degrees Okay So that's an example of how you use these conjectures to solve problems that you may have Next be How do we find a b? Hey, look at this. This is that's a certain type of triangle, isn't it? It's a triangle with one of its sides going through the center. So this side here is a diameter I taught you that the angle opposite the diameter must be 90 okay So if that's 90 and this angle is 60 You have to use another a priori truth One that you already know and that is that the sum of all angles In euclidean space meaning a space that's a plane. That's flat. No curvature that Uh, all those angles in well, not just this triangle any triangle all the interior angles always add up to You guessed it 180 degrees So if I want to find b, I'll just take 180 degrees And subtract every other angle And that gets you of course 180 minus 90, which is 90 minus 60, which is 30. So b is 30 degrees Alternatively if this is a right triangle, you know That uh, the two non-right angles are complementary meaning they add up to 90 And so you could have just done 90 minus 60 Which of course is the same thing. It gets you 30 degrees also voila So we're using these conjectures to solve Problems. Ah, look at this number three cyclic quadrilateral. Oh, yes A nice cyclic quadrilateral What do we got here? We've got a 95 degree angle right here And We've got this 120 degree arc right here Sometimes this uh, depending on what book you use this book this page is from a book called discovering geometry Which is a interesting book not a whole lot of lessons more like a whole lot of discovering, you know, I'm not a huge fan of that in that textbook, but You know without teachers. Yes, you should be discovering knowledge too. So that's a arc like of 120 degrees Okay, it wants me to find this arc over here. See this blue one. Totally different arc So when you see something like this, we're going to use what we know And if it's not enough, we might have to construct something or at least sketch or something If this is 95 degrees, I actually know this angle because they're opposites okay They have to be Supplementary if one of angle in a supplemental pair is 95 the other one is 180 minus 95, which is 85 So this is 85 degrees Okay, now let me explain why this is useful Because 85 and 95 they're part of a cyclic quadrilateral, but they're also inscribed angles Okay, what does this mean? This means that this 85 degree angle Subtends this arc So that arc has to be double. Let me try and do that better. This arc has to be double The degree measurement of this 85 degree angle. What's double 85? 170 So that entire arc is 170. Now stop What Is missing From knowing the whole circle. We already know a whole circle is 360 degrees The only part of this circle missing is C So if I want to find C, I can just do a 360 Degrees minus 170 degrees minus 120 degrees And I'll have C right off the bat 360 and then we've got so 170 and 120 that's 290 360 minus 290 is what we're doing right now. That's 70 Okay 70 degrees, that's what C equals So we used a different conjecture set for that And the a priori truth one that we assumed For this one was that The total arc length the arc degree of an entire circle arc is 360 All right, let's look at this one. Oh interesting This one will involve what I've said might happen last time Use what you know and if it's not enough you might have to construct or sketch something Well, that's okay. We've got h What is h equal h is an arc. It's this little blue arc. I'll try and highlight that over Just there to that dot Anybody remember what this Dot is called It's called a point of tangency. We have a tangent line here. This guy is a tangent line. Okay Great We know what to do with that Even though there's nothing drawn. So this is a 40 degree angle here That's outside the circle so we can't relate it to h by itself And so I have nothing else to go off of Okay, that's already drawn or constructed here. So what I'm going to do I saw that point of tangency. I know that the radius that connects that to the center Is involved in a conjecture and that conjecture is That the tangent and this radius Are 90 degrees or perpendicular. Okay So perfect that gives me a triangle number one And an angle in that triangle number two So now I've got a right triangle that I've made with a 90 degree angle and a 40 degree angle So You can find this angle now Let's use the complementary angles conjecture in the right triangle the two Uh acute angles in a right triangle add up to 90 So one of them is 40 So 90 minus 40 That's going to give me the other one. It's going to give me this big ol 50 So this angle right here is 50. I don't think you're done. I mean you did a lot But that's central angle. Is it the same as h? Which is the degree of that arc h? Yes, we talked about that before central angle conjecture The central angle subtends an arc and the arc will be the same degree measure as the angle So this right here H equals 50 degrees Oh, yes, so cool So cool so cool All right As you can see I'm using a stream yard. I'm using a free version And so I haven't seen anything come to the chat. I just want to make sure that there's nothing actually in the chat I'm going to do is I'm going to go on to my hoon live stream And I'm going to make sure That I'm going to do is I'm going to go on to my hoon live stream And I'm going to make sure that I'm going to do is I'm going to go on to my hoon live stream Okay There was quite a delay there as you saw that was going to cause a feedback loop But uh, I'm not seeing actually any posts in the chat at all including mine So what I'm going to do right now is I'm going to go ahead and test Because that was kind of weird Nothing was coming through And so I'm going to go back on my live stream and check and make sure that that Chat was there. Otherwise the stream yard you're gone man. If this chat doesn't work You're out Okay, let's see Let's see Hmm nothing there Nothing was there including my test. I've written three chats and none of them are there So I'm going to try the I'll look at the playback and see if that's what's causing it But um, I got to have my chats Okay so All right, so that about concludes what I wanted to do today. I'm going to leave these up there. We'll do some more next time but um Hope if you're watching this in post that you find it helpful I'm glad there were a couple of you hanging out with me on the chat itself So, um, let me know if the chat is showing up in the comments if you watch this My posts there are not I didn't see them when I logged on it could just be a glitch with stream yard Which is not a good one So, uh, let me know in the comments if you saw any Chat Chats from me or anybody else. Thank you all for watching for all you made it to this point. I hope you learned something I hope you learned something And I'm going to stop screen sharing so you can see my beautiful face again So next time I'm going to pop on here is monday at eight And eight p.m. Pacific time And if you guys are really like, oh man, I missed it. Let's do some more. I can do a weekend one I'm willing to help you guys if you're willing to help me and this works out I want to be someone who can really give you guys Assistance on the fly when you need it get regular times up here that you guys have come on and get your questions answered So I'll check the email one more time before I leave make sure no one's giving me something over email ha academic solutions at gmail.com feel free to go on there And check the spam folder just to be sure nothing. Okay Yeah, ha academic solutions at gmail.com if you want some help If you want something and it's a little bit longer harder to explain just write that just write me an email And we'll get to it. Okay When I said before is when a lot of people show up start asking in the check. It's pretty big We're going to do a super chat Um preferences, so I'll go for those who want to support my work that way Uh a priority prioritize them. All right guys 50 minutes long. I think we're going to stop here Thanks you guys so much for watching. This is falconator signing out


Sudan's transitional justice with an organization called ACHPR, and it stands for African Commission on Human and People's Rights. And that definition, that acronym is going to be on the final exam. So I hope everybody wrote it down, yeah? Our guest today is Cynthia Ibali, and she is in Kampala, Uganda, right now as we speak. Thank you for joining us, Cynthia. Thanks for having me. So let's get a handle on, you know, first of all, your role with Project Expedite Justice.  And what country are you from and what countries did you spend time educating yourself? So yes, I am a human rights lawyer based in Kampala, Uganda. I am, I am, I am Ugandan born and raised, but I did my higher education outside of Uganda. So I did my bachelors in South Africa with the University of Pretoria. I've done the postgraduate legal diploma with the Institute for Legal Practice and Development in Rwanda. And then fairly recently, but not really, I was my master's in masters of law in human rights with the Central European University in Budapest. Wow. It's been all over. Travel is broadening, they say, and certainly, you know, the statement of your training in Korea so far is a statement about the connection, so many African countries and the connection of Africa with Europe. So interesting. You know, in the U.S. and Hawaii, we don't, we don't really realize that. We don't, we don't really understand that. But the fact is the world is changing, Africa is changing. His relations with other places changing and your generation is changing. So my question to you, this is not a, this is not an easy one, okay, is all of that, why, why are you doing this? So I think I will sound a bit cliche, but my interest in law grew out of me wanting to help people using the law, knowing that law is quite a powerful tool when it comes to social justice and other issues. So that's why I started out in my law degree in South Africa. And as I was doing law at undergrad level, I then was exposed to human rights law. And again, based on my interest with using law to better people's lives, it just seemed like the perfect match. And so this is why I got into the human rights practice or area of interest. And since then I've never looked back, I've just built on my expertise in this area. This is why I then went on to do our masters in the area to refine my knowledge, gain more experience, especially in terms of a comparative experience with the European systems and the African systems. So it's the stint of not all my time in Europe. Wow. And you think you'll continue to do this for your whole life? For now, yes. That seems like a plan. Okay. Yeah. What's Africa like these days? We've done a number of shows with Project Expedite Justice with a number of people associated with it and looking at human rights and war crimes, if you like, all over Africa. We've also talked to Project Expedite Justice Associates in Latin America. And for that matter in Ukraine, which is kind of a hotspot of its own. So I'm just wondering, in your observation, vis-à-vis all of Africa, what's Africa like these days? And should we be concerned about the degradation of human rights there? Should we be encouraged by what you're doing? Are you making traction? Can we talk about that? What's African like these days? That's quite a wide question. Off the top of my head, I don't know why the first thing I was thinking about was the high fuel prices. But in relation to the human rights situation in Africa, I think it's quite varied. I'll start up with Sudan, because this is where I'm currently focused, is you're having the situation with continued anti-cool movements. So you have quite a number of protests that are still occurring against the military takeover or coup that happened in October 2021. Then you also have, most recently, we are receiving reports of communal violence in some parts of the country, in Blue Nile, most recently. But you also have experienced some conflicts in Darfur. Other than that, there's also, of course, the economic situation that's not getting any better since the high fuel prices. When you come down to Uganda where I'm based, there's a lot going on. So at the moment, it's definitely the economy situation that people are crying over, all of us are quite worried about. And yes, the economic situation should be overtaken. How does that work, Cynthia? What I mean is, so you have economic troubles. There are many places in the world today that have economic troubles. You're looking at human rights and violations of human rights. How do, in the macro picture, in the examination of the society, how do economic troubles, like high prices, inflation, price of gas and food and so forth, out of those things, lend themselves to violations of human rights? What's the dynamic on that? I think with the high prices, that kind of widens the poverty situation, the poverty gap, access to definitely food and access to food. Because high prices also drives up food prices. So that definitely puts strain on access to food. Access to health also affects it. Of course, with high prices, that means transportation, that means having to ferry medicines and stuff like that, increasing prices, so that also affects that. So how does it work? So my quality of life is not as good because of the economy. It's folding away from under me. I suppose I'm discouraged. I suppose I'm really unhappy. I suppose I'm angry. I want to blame somebody. I don't know who to blame. So I get out in the street and make a protest, if you will, and the protest. And if I'm off track, you tell me, the protest starts as peaceful. It's just a statement of unhappiness with the economy and with life. And then somewhere along the line, the government pushes back and it becomes more violent. And before you know it, you have violence on both sides. And then the whole system begins to deteriorate. And it winds up in violations of the human rights of the people who started this peaceful protest. Is that the way, is that the MO of what happens? So yes, I think you've also kind of explained the situation in Sudan and how the protest started, especially in 2018. The rising fuel prices, which also caused rising basic commodities and people were fed up with, well, corruption, but then also is that government is not doing what it's supposed to, to look out for its citizens. And so people go to the streets to protest this, to voice their dissent against poor governance in general.  And they have, I think, largely been quite peaceful. And so when the security steps in is that you're pushing back with the use of force, you're shooting at unarmed protesters using tear gas, live ammunition, and so forth. And then beating, arresting, detaining. People are just peacefully protesting, peacefully asking for the government to take action, to intervene in the rights of prices and stuff like that. And so then you have a loss of lives. You have injuries that's affecting, of course, your health, especially if you're being, if you're maimed in the process. But then you also have, say, if it's loss of life, there's also probably breadwinners who are going, so that also affects households across. So it's different types of violations. People in the government, OK, they're the same nationality. They may be who knows, they may be brothers and sisters of the people in the street. And they know what life is like. They know what life is like in that community in the street. And is there no sympathy? Does the government not understand what you have just said? Does the government not understand how wrong it is to apply violence against peaceful protest? Don't they know better? From their rhetoric, it seems the come of us quite distant from realities on the grounds. We must also acknowledge they're quite privileged, given their positions in power and access to financial resources compared to people on the ground. So they're kind of offered from situations. That's what I think. Well, you know, the thing about privilege is very interesting. You know, COVID has had an interesting effect on the movie industry. The movie industry since COVID has become global. I mean, if you want to watch a movie here on Netflix or Prime, Amazon Prime, you can see a movie in most countries in the world. I mean, you can see a movie made in Tibet. You can see a movie made in Bulgaria, which we never heard of movies before. And here's the point. You can see a movie made in Africa in any number of countries in Africa. And those movies explore, because it's really interesting as a matter of entertainment and education for that matter. They explore this question of privilege of those who have it and those who don't. And there's a divide, is there not, in a number of countries, a number of unhappy countries in Africa between privilege and not privilege. Do people understand and recognize that? The moguls in Hollywood do. The movie makers understand it. But do people realize that it's not healthy to have a big divide between privilege? And I guess that means money and power, as you put it. And the ordinary fellow who works at an ordinary labor job, is the government interested in closing the gap? Is there a way for the government to do that? Well, I don't know if I can speak for everyone, but I would like to think that some people do. I'll give them the benefit of the doubt that some people do recognize and are willing to close this gap, but then you also can't deny or deny, but ignore the fact that there's also a number of people who benefit. And I'm not sure. So they like the gap. They like the interview. Well, they like the gap, but if closing the gap kind of comes at an expense that they reduce money or something like that, their money, then they may be, they will definitely be a pushback from them. So I guess they like the comfort they're living in currently and change. Change is hard to accept. Yeah, well, that's true. And your generation has changed. And of course, in the US, we should understand this because we have our own gap, don't we? And you must see that in the media that we have our own divide. We have people who would like to be wealthy at the expense of everyone else. We have people who want to be racist because they think it gets them ahead and so forth. And so when you have this gap, when you have, call it the privilege gap or the wealth gap or the power gap, it's all the same. It leads to a deterioration of the social fabric. Do you agree with me? Yes, I do. So can we get to the root of this somehow? For example, if I took away all the inflation, if I provided food, jobs, if I fed money into the economy in Darfur, would this solve the problem? Would this alleviate the gap and therefore the protests and therefore the violence? What is the solution? I mean, don't you think we ought to go back to the root causes here and deal with them? Yes, we definitely need to. I think providing food, money, and all the resources is good. But there's also who controls the food, money, and resources. So the power structures and who controls how it's distributed. So I think we definitely need to address that as well. There's also tensions in terms of land, land as a resource. That's also and also how is that, how that is addressed in terms of fueling conflict will definitely be key in addressing the issues in Darfur amongst other things. Well, I've been going on a long time in Darfur. I mean, we're all getting old watching the problems in Darfur. And I wonder how long this is going to go on. And whether Project Expedite Justice can actually have a significant effect on the ultimate violations of human rights. So tell me how you contribute to the effort as an attorney in Kampala, the effort to alleviate violations of human rights in Darfur and in Sudan. So currently, we are supporting or working closely with groups in Sudan, including groups, Civil Society, I must say, and I'll be specific. Civil society, civil society in this sense, meaning human rights organizations that engage in documenting violations in Sudan, where providing capacity building or documentation to ensure that they meet highest standard, international standards. In this sense, hoping for future accountability in that whatever is collected would be used to advocate for accountability and help victims seek redress, hopefully, in the near future. And supporting also, say, seeking redress before regional bodies like the African Commission on Human and People's Rights, or the African Committee or experts on the rights and welfare of the child. I mentioned this too specifically because these bodies have a mandate to oversee the situation in Sudan. So how do you do that? Do you want to document it and you want to speak? I suppose you want to deliver a package, so to speak, to the African Commission. They're the ones you're speaking to. And today you're also speaking to me and anybody who watches this show. And I'm with you, Cynthia. I want to see you prevail. I want to see you make it for accountability by these people. But how do you get there? Does the Commission have the power to prosecute? Or is it limited to collecting information and attempting to make a sort of public statement and to embarrass the officials who have not conducted themselves in a humane way? So under its protective mandate, the Commission can receive what they call communications against parties to... Sorry, yes, parties to the African Chatter on Human and People's Rights. So just to backtrack the African Chatter on Human and People's Rights, which is a founding human rights instrument or treaty is what established the Commission. And so to answer your question, does it have the power to prosecute? It then have prosecutary powers, but it does have the power to adjudicate over cases that... How can I put it? Cases that allege, yes, that allege violations of rights in the African Chatter. So similar to what you would have with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights if I got it correct. So it has a similar functionality. So you can hear what in our situation call them communications under its protective mandates, but they also possibility for fact-finding missions, but it would need approval from the African Union and also cooperation from the state party that it seeks to conduct its fact-finding mission. Yeah, we gotta stop these violations of human rights. It's really troublesome that we still have them in 2022 and we have them in various places in the world. And I mean, I wonder, let's have a case studies in here. I'm gonna have a case study. So suppose my family was killed or heard or named by security forces in Darfur for no good reason, because the government is insensitive and just puts down any disturbance with violence. So I want them to be accountable.  And you're gonna submit this package to the commission and maybe elsewhere. What is the commission going to do to achieve accountability? Can the commissioner, for example, go to the international court in the Hague? Can the commission go into the courts of Europe seeking redress against European organizations that have somehow supported this kind of violence and the governments that conduct this kind of violence? Can the individuals who are responsible, can they be fined? Can they go to jail by virtue of some prosecution elsewhere other than in the commission? I mean, what is my chance of achieving justice here? So if you come to me with your case, this case study, the first situation is like you said, I need to gather all the facts and the evidence, but I also need to inquire if you have tried to access remedies at a domestic level, because the African commission only comes in where there are no available remedies at the domestic level, or at least not available, but where you have finished exhausting remedies at the domestic level and then probably not satisfied with what you've got or haven't gotten a remedy and then you go to the African commission. But there are exceptions to the rule where the remedies aren't available, effective or sufficient is when you can then access the African commission. The African commission also is the communications procedure applies to countries that are party to the African charter. I just have to clarify. Which is not every country. Okay, just some countries belong to the African. Well, on the African continent, but I mean, we can't take a case against the US to the African commission. What about Sudan itself? Is it a party to the powder? Yes, it is. So this is why I say they have a mandate over Sudan or at least have jurisdiction to monitor the implementation of the African charter in Sudan. So yes, sorry. How do I get my justice? Do I get a check in the mail? Do I hear the news that the people who are responsible have paid a price of some kind? So once your communication is okay, it's admissible and it's decided on the merit, say you're successful, the commission issues recommendations. So a number of things are finding over violation say in this case, a violation or a right to life. And also a violation of the state party's obligations to the charter. So in this case, is that if there's no investigation that has happened, no prosecution leading to the, leading to the holding of perpetrators accountable it would also, it can also recommend payment of compensation. In some cases, the commission has actually recommended amounts to be paid to victims, but in this case, usually it's advisable that as you're stating your case, you request what kind of compensation you want. The commission has also recommended institutional and legal reform. So it has made recommendations. Oh, this is very important, yeah. Yes, it has made recommendations to state parties in that regard. And so that's definitely important in ensuring non-recurrence of violations and also addressing deficiencies at domestic levels. So is it successful in the sense that, you're observing this and you understand the trouble people have and the need for sort of an overarching organization beyond the remedies available in any one country, you need many countries to have a charter and a commission like this. And that's actually, it sounds to me like that's pretty good because it has a moral overton to it. But my question to you is, is it doing what you hope it would do? Is it achieving the accountability? Is it achieving social justice, economic justice, privilege justice, all that? And it's recommendations for reform, are they being accepted? Is it recommendations or compensation to individuals? Are they being paid? So my question is it, how successful is the commission in all of the ways you have seen it operate? And let me go one step further. If you were to suggest to the commission today changes that would make it more successful, what would you suggest? Okay, so is it successful? I'd like to think to an extent yes, in terms of, and it also depends on what victims are seeking or whatever approaches or commission. But I would like to say yes, based off of the decisions it has granted or handed down especially in relation to Sudan, there have been some very, very promising but successful decisions when it comes to protection of human rights defenders who have been tortured in the past, but also recognizing issues in terms of with the immunity provisions in Sudan's law that hinder accountability for, especially where you have security and police as perpetrators of violence. So what would you say to them? Let's assume it's you and the members of the commission and they say, Cynthia, what do you think we should do to be more effective? What's your answer? Well, I guess I would say reduce, try and address the period of time it takes to decide on a case. I understand the commission is quite understaffed and they're also resource contrates, but also the commission is, not I think, it is on the continent outside of domestic remedies. It's the next place that many victims in Africa could go to seek redress or accountability for violations they suffered, especially where these states are either unwilling or unable to address violations domestically. It's the most accessible if I could say it in the way that, well, we have a commission, but we also have the African court, but to access the African court, there's a number of high bills, especially for individuals and civil society NGOs who represent many victims on the continent. With the African commission, there's not this hindrance. So it's that anyone can access the commission. That's pretty valuable. Are the country courts doing a good job? Or I mean, it seems to me that if you have to have a commission and you do have to have a commission, it means that at least some countries are not doing a good job. Well, because you know, country courts implement domestic law. So yes, but then also are also a way to implement decisions or at least international standards that states ascribe, is that the what, ascribed to? Yeah, but what about you, Cynthia? Do you appear in country court cases? No, I don't. Not at the moment. I don't appear in country court cases. I just probably follow proceedings and then come in, should one seek to access regional systems? So, you know, one last area I'd like to discuss, we're at a time, but I'd like to discuss this with you. You know, it strikes me that Africa in general, some countries are changing quicker than other countries. Some countries are more enlightened than other countries nonetheless, but in general, Africa is changing and the relationships of Africa and other places in the world are becoming closer and more conscious and, you know, maybe even more successful. And so the question I put to you is, you know, are you one of only a small number of lawyers in Kampala or other cities around, you know, Central Africa that are doing this? Or is this a generational movement where people like you for the same reasons that are your reasons want to help achieve accountability in good government? I'd like to say it's growing. I think we're quite a number of lawyers or even human rights defenders who are assisting victims access regional mechanisms. So it's quite a growing number. I wouldn't say we're a few. Quite many interested in what regional systems have to offer. It's not just at the African level, but there's also at the sub-regional level. So let's say, for example, with the East African community, you have the East African Court of Justice. So a number of lawyers are also making use of sub-regional courts like East African Court of Justice or in the West African region, you have the ECOAS courts to pursue human rights cases. So, yeah, I think it's, we're definitely using the various avenues we have at our disposal to seek good governance and accountability. These are principles that states have, I mean, signed on to. And so we are definitely using this to hold them to their word, if I could say that. Good, well, let me say, and I say this to the people who are doing similar work in Ukraine. You're not just representing your ostensible clients, so to speak, you're really representing the whole world at achieving a better moral standing, a better world order. So I admire you for that and I wish we could spend more time. And I'd like to fly right over to Kampala and meet you in person and say hi. But that may not happen right away. Thank you, Cynthia. Cynthia Ibalia with Project Expedite just as an attorney working in Kampala on matters arising out of the events in Sudan. Thank you so much. Thank you for having me. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn, and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasewrakes.com coming at you with a nice one here 2021 Panini National Treasures football two box Pick your team number two second half the case and we'll got a play-off hockey on the background. There's just goals galore here Wow. All right, so abs up three two already and It's not even the end of the first period big. Thanks everybody here for getting in on the action on a Tuesday Appreciate it. So before we pulled all those teams for random number block Barry you ended up with the last Bob Mojo start next to your name. So thanks and That big random number block Josh got all the spots. Thank you Appreciate that and remember we mark that pick your team too. So we know it's from the fresh from the same case That is it was a fresh case Offsides it's a fat box there. What's going on here? There's a big thick book right there and then we've got another book Right over there. All right. Well, we'll use this blank card right here He's a blank card to hide the hits. All right. There's there's Pat Tillman 25 Cardinals Ryan Hines with the Cardinals Got Josh Palmer Oh, they're saying it's on sides That's for the Chargers. That's gonna go to Dan It's T Higgins 37 out of 99 piece of his jersey Going to the Cincinnati Cincinnati's a number block team. That's gonna be for Joshua got all the spots Three out of ten Ezekiel Elliott two color patch for Dallas. It's also for Joshua Century materials paid manning 30 out of 99 Jeremy with Colts. Oh There's the big book here Wow, it's a one-of-one rookie triple booklet Jamar Chase Jalen waddle Devonta Smith Nike swoosh Nike swoosh Nike swoosh triple swoosh Bangles are a number block team Miami's a number block team Philadelphia is a number block team That's for Joshua who bought all the spots Wow No randomizer all aboard The Big Hit Express Pick your team two is just marinating on the website. No one wanted to get into it Those teams are all available for many days. That is awesome snap a picture of that after the break That is awesome Those three receivers they could they could be in the league for a very long time. They're all they're all three of them are pretty great All right brave and Jordan 14 out of 25 Texans One of Joshua. It's all part of those number block groups Two color patch an autograph tray sermon 49 out of 99 Niners Andrew picked up the Niners straight up We got a boomerous size in Jersey and autograph 36 out of 49 Bangles that's another number block team or a random number block team R&B for Joshua and the other book is 28 out of 99 Rookie first-edition signatures Jamar Chase two color patch and auto Joshua picked up all ten spots in that random number block Not all at once either Gave people some time to get in on it nice All right. That was just the first box. Here's the second box pick your team, too But wait, there's more. Yeah, we got a we got a second box I think there's a plate right there, too. Maybe in the in an autograph spot. Let's go 67 out of 87 no offense Denver Corey with the Broncos treasured moments Frank Giver 39 out of 99 Giants were a number block team that'll go to Joshua Ricky Waters 43 out of 99 Andrew with the Niners These aren't wood anymore Jilo Jordy Nelson 18 out of 25 Green Bay a number block team another one for Joshua Khalil Herbert 88 out of 99 Dual relic Joshua got the bear straight up dual relic Mack Jones Remandry Stevenson six out of 25 Patriots Joshua picked up the Pat straight up Steve Locke thinks that the plate might be an autograph from from Joshua himself It is not it's a two-color patch and autographs semi-fail go That is for Joshua though part of the Dallas Cowboys are part of a random number block group There you go Josh another one all aboard the Big Hit Express Few more to go we've got one for the Jets That's Curtis Martin nice 96 out of 99 Jets also a number block team and that's for Joshua. We've got Justin Herbert Dan picked up the Charger straight up gets the Justin Herbert 11 out of 99 Jersey and autograph and what a case and last but not least We have NFL gear dual relic and autograph 17 out of 25 Remandry Stevenson Patriots purchased straight up by Joshua Great break for him. Thanks Josh. Thanks everybody for getting in appreciate it and That was 2021 Panini National Treasures football To box pick your team number two We got to show that again, right?  Got into the Hall of Fame Jilo. That's what happened to Curtis Martin I'm Joe for Jasper's case rakes calm and I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye


This is Mike with the 21 report behind the scenes in Orlando, Florida for the 21 convention 2017 10-year anniversary event I'm sitting alongside Eric Vaughn Sido Eric welcome to the show It's great having you here Eric So I've got a bunch of questions that I'd like to go into but before we do that I was wondering if you could give us a brief overview of your talk and why you wanted to talk about it Well, I consider myself more like a men's lifestyle specialist and I concentrate on confidence Alternative relationships that means more than one woman at a time really manning up more than masculine and sexuality so I kind of took all those and blended them together and into a Speech that I think the guys could utilize and I watched the guys when I was here I just wanted to really kind of caught pinging to see where they're at What do they need and to me it was just they just need a little bit of that reinforcement that now's the time go out there and get it and step into it because obviously with the events that happen today in Vegas life's short and To really Understand that you get and you're here for a reason and if you're not gonna live it then You're doing yourself and I'd say the creator or however you want to say that a disservice So you mentioned the word the word confidence that gets you know thrown around a lot What are the key elements to becoming confident? I think the main element to confidence is Believing that what you decide in your mind what you say you're gonna do you do it So it's the confidence in knowing that you can do Whatever it is that you say you're gonna do or do and the more you do it the more consistent it comes in the greater strength You have in your own abilities to do whatever it is. You want to do it or create and that goes in anything business dating Making money creativity So how did you first get involved in this whole community and you know lifestyle? Making men's lives better. Well the community They got integrated with us. Okay, so we were actually Myself in about five of the guys were the original guys that got together that really started talking about this in a group Brainstorming figuring out what was working. We were committed to the cause of getting better with women learning about confidence and from there David the David DeAngelo or Evan Pagan, you know master marketer Said I have an idea. Let's bring this to a bigger table Started doing his double your dating seminars and then from there went on a couple years More and more people started getting interested than the book the game came out And so the community started to form more and more and more and now we're probably on the I don't know the second generation of this community and And it's just expanding from there So what was the the main reason why you initially started that kind of meet up group of guys to get better with women? You know like what we all have the same thing We all were pretty shitty with women and there was nothing at that point in time It was like the internet was brand new there was nothing out there that really said here's how you get better with women I personally didn't have any one in my life that I could look at and go that guy was amazing with women There was nobody so I went on a journey to find those guys That were I would consider that's the model. That's the archetype that that fits me that I want to be So that I can be like this is who I feel like I am with my masculinity With the lifestyle that I want to live and from there like I said it was slim pickings But over the course of now 25 years, I synthesized enough Different man that I've seen that I now Completely have my own basis of who I am and now it's all about spreading it and sharing it and you know I've been doing that for you know almost 20 something years, but really understanding it for the last 10 years So in your speech you mentioned something About you know saving Western civilization and saving masculinity.  I think the biggest threat to masculinity is the fear of the masculine But also the feminine side of it that the extreme I call them feminizes the feminizes not really understanding How men have already supported them along the way in Western civilization I mean we're one of the only civilizations that really support women's rights on this and so what are you protesting like?  That's that's opening up You know you have every right to be who you want to be you who you want to be who you want to be The masculine men that are confident with who they are and what they are They don't really care as long as you don't start treading on their their way of being because a lot of feminists don't appreciate or even like what I do Because I'm with multiple women They're the elders when so gymnastic it's this it's that no, it's a choice Like everyone it's just a choice everyone has their own Lifestyle that they want to create and if everyone's upfront and honest which I completely that is a must in my reality Everyone's there. There are no victims Everyone gets to do what they want to do and in Western civilization You have that right to do that as long as you don't hurt other people and that's the main thing is you know the masculine that they're starting to push a little bit they they're you know becoming a little bit more fascist and You know masculinity true masculinity. It's not gonna put up with it. It's gonna be like look You know, it's it's your it's a form of repression so real masculinities doesn't get upset it just becomes stronger and more solid and has a better philosophy so that truth really upholds itself it because truth and Freedom and things like this are gonna become stronger than anyone's philosophy who tries to repress or to shame or to blame so talk to me about mindset the Self-talk that goes on if you had to kind of paint a picture inside your head what your self-talk is like and How what you want other men's Self-talk and mindset to be like how what does that mindset look like? well, what when I first started the mindset was the Continuation of the the thought process or the inner workings of who I was was very negative very critical of myself And so as time went on I learned through NLP hypnosis That's why I'm good at the brain sciences to to change to upgrade to add new resources to my thinking process and now inside my mind it's all about potential and That's what I really want to inspire another man because when you get to the point when It's working and that's what I was saying yesterday in my speech like I'm at the point now where I'd rather go out with friends Help them in the conversation even with a beautiful woman help them get laid Because that's the abundance because I've already lived that lifestyle So if I can infuse that mindset into them where they see the abundance where they have so much that they've satisfied that Rareness that most men don't satisfy as far as the sexuality part saying okay I got it This is where my fine balance is and then share it if I can infuse that in their mindset So they have those experiences where they get to the point where they're completely fulfilled then I've done good So Eric, this was your first time speaking at the 21 convention I'd like to ask how has your experience been so far. I've done a lot of speaking everywhere I was a professional hypnotist comedy for three years. So I know breakdown. I know setup I know how it is to run seminars and I've done it over the years and This is one of the most professional setups that I've seen Anthony was definitely on point He had you know the speakers taking care of he had the attendance take care He was on point with his timing it was smooth It was it was a great experience and and the quality of speakers were great and the quality of men that were there That was I think the first thing that I said when I came on there is looking at you guys. You guys are a higher Grade of men that are here, which is nice to see because a few years ago after the game came out It was really loose and in the quality of men and the way that the The philosophy was after the game got really twisted and now it's coming back to these very solid teachers that have been around worth their weight in gold and Now it's really starting to show because they don't have to weed and work there and sift their way through all these Wannabes that used to be there now. These are the key players. This is the best information to get so it's going to Accelerate your learning and so this this conference has been great You know kudos to Anthony for doing a great job. Yeah, I mean even this right here. You don't have that Yeah, I know Anthony's been very happy to have you here So before we wrap this up Eric if people want to learn more about you more about your work You're coaching. Where's the best place they can go? Depends on what level you come at if you want a lot of my free information I do it it's called ask hypnotic on YouTube if you just go to YouTube and put an ask hypnotic You'll come upon my station, which is just hypnotic if you have questions you want to ask I'm extremely busy But if you have questions, I'll sift through them and I usually give about 15 20 minutes per question Hammer it with a you know, I like to install a lot of humor. I think that's useful So that's if you're looking at just the free stuff of what I'm about my personality go to YouTube if you're looking for more of the professional stuff and which I specialize in confidence and Programming your mind for success and do a lot of hypnosis a lot of exercises to build your neurology up That's hypnotic.org and I would just say stick between those two and Facebook. I have a great Facebook group called hypnotic of the master circle. It's got a thousand guys of high quality guys Very helpful if you have questions Where you're just a little lost or you're you're just a badass dude and you want to help and Extend yourself great group. So I'd say those three awesome So with that you can watch Eric's talk first on 21 University comm all by clicking the link underneath this video Eric Thank you once again for taking the time to be here. This has been Mike with Eric Vaughan side. Oh Signing off for the 21 report


Hi, good morning and welcome to today's products and focus as you'll be able to see there the UF 30 bounced off potential support at 16401 after a particularly savage last couple of sessions and Global slowdown fear is very much being in focus right now many many Equity markets taking a bit of a dive and we do we have seen some very interesting moves on major FX pairs as well But we are jumping around potential support at 16401 next potential support should that should that not hold would be 16178, but this would be a hammer formation if there's currently holds just now technicals are still slightly Over I won't look quite over oversold yet But moving into that oversold territory, but there's still room for maneuver So further weakness still possible and we do have a slight absence of economic data Do we do have some Chinese data that came out slightly better than than expectations, but people are still worried about global slowdown fears You've got ISIS you've got Ebola you've got your own crisis PMI coming out weak and Germany Having slowest industry production for years looking at the UK when the hundred has also had a decent bounce this morning as well I mean smash through sixty nine and sorry sixty three ninety next potential support is sixty two one six We've had a bounce this morning, but it does feel a little bit like a short lived in move But we have had such a savage Move to the downside, but what was the good news going to drive this up that little bit higher So I think sixty three ninety might be potential resistance if we do end up getting a little bit closer So just bear bear that mind that we do need some decent fundamentals to back that up and We'll come back to the market calendar in a second It's looking at Japan to do five It also had a really horrendous last couple sessions bouncing off potential support this morning 4977 it did slightly below that first thing this morning as dollar yen You know people buying gold people buying yen as it has been Switching that FX pair round and that's been picking a bit of a damper in Japan to do five I'll be at most global equity markets had a little bit of a bounce this morning We are on the right side of potential support and it's not looking as ugly as some of the other charts out there So moving on to dollar yen. Okay, so I actually need to get my drawing tool feature out right here So that was let's just draw that on there a little bit better I'll be we're looking at potential support round about 107 spot 36. We dip below that slightly this morning We're in the right side of it right now, but we're below the 21 pure to SM a and we are going to be if we Do dip below that again the next levels all the way down at 105 spot 44 Which would also be close to that 55 here at SM a so what's for weakness in the close below 107 spot 36? For the next directional move if that happens crude oil West Texas again fuel in the pain I tried to reverse higher yesterday hitting potential Resistance at 85 spots 65 Where is that next potential level now? Let's go into our weekly chart so we can get a chance to see that okay So crude oil West Texas looking a little bit. Oh dear. Okay. That's bounced off that eight eighty four level pretty much bang on You are pretty much now going to a horrible $77.40 as the next potential support level and that is going to be pretty savage But ultimately that's where the next potential support level is and the fundamentals aren't exactly looking that tasty To help West Texas in the short term. So we are in the middle two ranges right now So so 84 to 85 spot of 65 a breaking close blow that opens up next potential support all the way down at 77 dollars 40 cents So looking at gold Gold is benefiting obviously from all the fear the reversal in the dollar But I'm still not massively convinced on this bad boy, but look at the long-legged candles Lots of doubt moving higher again, but lots of doubt So it's still making a fresher highs, but it's just getting pushed down so aggressively each time it tries to break new ground So 1218 probably going to be the level to keep an eye on if gold is going to build a consolidated base for a springboard up higher That's also going to be running about 21 period SMA That's what many traders are going to be looking at and these these candles are they're pretty ugly And you can see when it's happening before it's in the pushing gold at level or as long as you're in the market You know gold's gonna get a little bit of a tip up if we do see a recovery in the global equity markets and obviously the US dollar Gold's gonna quite quickly reverse course again. So moving on to your dollar your dollar Not looking so hot either still in the massive downtrend It's trying to benefit from that weaker USD today. Obviously the eurozone is not in a very good state The American economy is still doing so much better So fundamentally the euro still feels weaker versus the US dollar one spot 2661 will be the level to watch right there So finishing up with GBP USD I bounced off potential support one spot 6209 there yesterday There still seems to be a little bit of an error weakness in the USD as I said again the Greenback is the better performing currency due to the fundamentals rather than GBP Especially when we've got such a close connection to eurozone and it's pretty much in the toilet right now So keep an eye on one spot 6209 that is your potential support Technicals are kind of neutral right now. I got my data. Why is there's nothing else exciting today? Let's fast forward on tomorrow loads of UK. We've got CPI got PMI. We've got industrial production It's Eddie W W business report all this stuff is gonna be pretty important So actually I'm gonna make sure I set my reoccurring alerts right here There is so much stuff coming out So we just want to make sure that we're all aware of what all these Announcements are and if we go on to Wednesday as well, you know more Chinese PMI and CPI You've got UK jobless claims and then retail sales and PPI from the US So actually a fair amount of back on the data coming out on Tuesday and Wednesday a little bit like today keep your eye on the chart form as ever make insights part of the lake going forward And join me again tomorrow to find out what happened next


There, it's Sandy, and I'm going to be coloring the ballpoint pen. How weird is that, right? And this is just an average old regular ballpoint pen. This is a promo pen. Some company sent me to try to get me to make pens for my business. I get a lot of weird freebies that way. And I'm also going to use a uniball pen. This is a gel pen, so only one of them is ballpoint, but I didn't have a ballpoint red pen. But I wanted to use it with this stamp set, and I'm so excited they put Stacy Yakula's images into the squares. I love the square images, but putting hers in there is super sweet. One of the reasons that it makes them extra fun is there's not a whole lot of background you have to do. You can give a hint at a background, but you don't have to do a ginormous ton of it. So I decided that doing these with ballpoint pen would be more doable because it's a smaller area to have to cover. I've done a ballpoint pen video here on YouTube before I did a shark during Shark Week, and hardly anybody watched it. So I thought I would show you a little bit on a card so you can see that you actually can do something with a ballpoint pen, and it can be quite beautiful. A lot of it has to do with doing a lot of cross hatching. And cross hatching can be done just two directions, and that's what most people think of going vertically and then going horizontally. You could also go at angles, and there are some artists who will do like five, six, seven, eight different angles in order to get a really nice, rich black. And there's different issues you have to deal with when you're coloring with ballpoint pen in that if your pen is bloopy at all, you know, you get that little extra blob of ink that comes out sometimes when you're writing, you can end up with the same thing here with a ballpoint pen, and it's a little harder to fix. So just be aware of that. You can see I'm just using the pen to go in different directions and create a nice black texture, and you can decide whether you want to make it really solid ish or if you want to go from dark to light, that sort of thing has some gradations in it. And for these images, I had to worry a little bit about how dark or light each of the images was next to the background section, because having a black penguin go right into a black background was not going to work. So I had to figure out how to put the highlight on the penguin so that the background went to the back and pushed behind it. So the background had to be darker in that area and that sort of thing. So, you know, lots of different things you have to think about when you're doing this kind of art with just one color with your black pen. But that's one of the reasons why I introduced the red into making these cards, because I was realizing, you know, I think I need a little something different here. I need to, I need to spice it up because just as black and white, they are beautiful, but it would really help to have a pop of color. I made the mistake of trying to do crosshatching with the gel pen. I realized real quickly, the gel pen puts down a lot more ink than does a ballpoint pen, and you may know that from experience with them, but it was a very clear reminder here because the crosshatching on this didn't look nearly as nice as the rest of the cards when I started doing just solid coloring with the gel pen, because the gel pen is capable of doing that solid coloring and looking nice, whereas a ballpoint isn't that way. You kind of have to do the crosshatching in order to make the ballpoint pen look right. Otherwise, you just get warped paper and it kind of makes wrinkles in it and that sort of thing, because the pressure just has to be so high to get that much color on it. So I'm going to zoom through more of this so you can kind of get an idea of the ways that you can get a little bit more smooth areas, because I was struggling with some of this, trying to get that black to be even, and hopefully the red is a good distraction from it, because it's not super easy to get that even when you're trying to do just a solid area. It's not hard at all to get the roundness of an area. So when I was doing the penguins and wanted some shading on one side and bright color on another side, that worked just fine. If you hear any dogs crying in the background, by the way, that is my dogs who are really excited lately, because in the fall, the squirrels decide to come down into the yard as they forage, instead of just hanging out up in the tree, because all the leaves and everything have fallen from the tree. So I guess they're looking for whatever they're looking for underneath and getting down on the ground and the dogs get a little excited. I keep trying to remind them we do not live in a kennel. It is not appropriate to bark like crazy dogs, but they don't seem to care. So here I decided to add a Rudolph nose to the reindeer. I thought that would be kind of fun. And on this one, I wanted a lighter background. I wanted to see how I could accomplish that. And it didn't go real smoothly. I was tempted to want to add more gray to it, make it a darker background. And then I realized I could just draw trees in it. So I decided to do that. And I think the trees actually looked way better than the other solid background. So if I were to do this again, I would probably do that. You could also do the same kind of an idea and real simple coloring using any medium. Just use the black in that medium or if you're using Copics, use blacks and grays to do all the black and white work and then add a pop of red. And on each of these, I'm adding the black shading on top of the red gel pen. So you could do the same thing with whatever else you're using, if you're putting a solid red colored pencil in there, then use a black pencil to do some shading on that. And it starts to give it dimension and that sort of thing without having to get out a whole ton of colors. If you're going traveling on a trip and you want to take some coloring with you, this would require a lot less markers to take with you or just a small handful of pencils if you're watching the kids' game at the, wherever the kids play games at now, I don't know how much kids' games there are anymore or people still playing soccer and stuff. But you can take a few coloring things with you and not have to take a whole bunch of it. But one of the reasons that I decided to use this video for today and to color this today is that the inktober word for today is roof. So I had to put Santa on a roof and giving him some backlighting was a challenge as the lighting comes from the moon behind him. But there you go. My little bit of inktober for today. If you want to see more of my inktober, that's mostly over on my Sandy Olnok fine art Instagram account. All right, if you want to see these cards finished, hopefully I will have them done before the blog post went live. So I'll post it over there and I'll see you guys again soon. Take care.


I'm Be till I know that pussy is defeated to seven step puts the sign of peace tree there Swallow even though she vegan girl. I'll leave that pussy leaking I made a group chat this week got your dream chasing like me. I made a left down your screen Oh Put it in rotation Send your location only got tonight, baby Send your love time to be wasted a lot of income and take it Whoa pour you some wine Me a black book chat this way got your dream chasing like me. I made a left down girl Oh, yeah, yeah only got tonight, baby I'm fighting only got tonight, baby.


So with the sad news during the week, Konstantin Koltsov, Sabalinga's former partner, passing away, Sabalinga's actually spoken up for the first time on social media, so let's go have a read of what she had to say. This is what Sabalinga had to say over on Instagram. Konstantin's death is an unthinkable tragedy, and while we were no longer together, my heart is broken. Please respect my privacy and his family's privacy during this difficult time. Now, Sabalinga was posed to play against Bedosa tomorrow, but the tournament has decided to postpone that match. Hozo Magato over on Twitter has said that Sabalinga was given an extra day, not on the order of play tomorrow, despite her half of the draw playing their second round tomorrow. Good touch from the tournament. So Miami giving Sabalinga an extra day and also Bedosa. Remember, she is playing Bedosa in that round. Bedosa could have done with the extra day as well because of the injury she got against Halep in that win the other day. But good to see Miami giving Sabalinga the extra time off to get ready for her match. So there you have it, Sabalinga coming out and speaking about what's happened over the last couple of days. From her point of view, not much to say. Of course, she's not going to be doing any press conferences, not going to be doing any interviews over the next couple of days, either in the next couple of weeks. She just wants to play tennis, and that's all she's going to be doing in Miami. She is playing Bedosa in a couple of days' time. And of course, Bedosa and her are very, very close. So it's kind of fitting that her best friend will be on the other side of the net on the first time she's coming out on court and in the public eye since the tragedy. But Sabalinga's match being moved for an extra day, and she's also broken her silence around her ex-partner's death.