It's time now to move finally from the GPRO and also to look on the different peripherals. Then now we will start to play a little bit with the very basic communication periphery, which is the USART. And we will look on the basic functionalities for transmitting and receiving with the USART. And now we will focus on the transmitting, which will be done over the virtual acomport, which is on my Nucleo board, which allow me to see the bytes, which I will be transmitting on my PC. Then first what we need to look is where I can found this pins, which are connected to my virtual acomport. This is a schematic for my Nucleo and these pins are here. The pin for transmitting is the PA2 and the pin for receiving will be the PA3. And then these pins I need to configure in my project. Then now we can look into our project. We will start the new project. Again the series will be STM32F4, line to F401, package will be LQFP64. Again the STM32F401 or ET. Here it is. I will select. Now I know that I need to use the PA2 and PA3. I will check which USART is connected there. It will be possibly USART2. Here I will search for the USART2 here. And I will select the asynchronous mode you can see. Both pins are marked as I used. Now I don't want to use any LED or any other GPIO. Then I can be okay with this configuration. Now I need to look on the clock configuration. Please check it depends which board you have. We have the STM32F401 and we have the HSI. In case that our HSI is enough precise to drive the USART or UART we are okay. I think that the HSI precision is around 1% which is definitely okay for the UART. For me it's not necessary to change the HSI configuration. In case that you have usually the L devices which have the MSI, the multispeed antenna oscillator. I recommend to use the antenna high speed high speed oscillator instead of the multispeed. Now the configuration. Now we have finally new button here which is the configuration of the USART2. Then we can open this first tab and see what is there. The most important for us will be the parameters. Here we can deeply configure the USART2. We only marked two pins in the pin-out but this is definitely not enough. Then for us we can have the basic parameters like the bolt rate. Depend on you what bolt rate you prefer. I am definitely okay with the 115,200 bits per second. The work length usually also with the parity. It's the 8 or 9 on this device. The parity is known. I am okay to work without parity and one stop bit. It's the standard USART configuration I think. The data direction we will work as the transmit and receiver. I am definitely okay with that. You can work only as a receiver or only as a transmitter to save one pin. And the oversampling is usually how many times the microcontour sample one bit. Here is the 16 times. This definitely this value will limit our speed. Because you know what is the basic speed of this periphery depends on the clock source. Depends on the which bus we are. But now the maximum speed is the 16 megahertz. Then with this oversampling this means that the microcontour will sample each bit 16 times. Then the maximum speed is done also with this oversampling when we divide it 16 megahertz with 16. Which gives us 1 mega sample per second is the maximum speed of the USART with the 16 oversampling. With the 8 the maximum speed is I think 2 mega bits per second. In case that we increase the frequency here the speed maximum speed will be also higher. Okay this was about the oversampling. The USART constants, the user constants are same like on the GPO. We can enable the NVIC but now we use the example without NVIC. We can also use the DMA but it's not necessary now. But we will check the GPO configuration if it's okay for us. Definitely you can see that the GPO is here set as an alternative function with the push pull output. I'm okay with that. Here is also connected pull up. I think it's not necessary to change it but I'm okay. And after configuration the pin will be automatically in high. I'm also okay with that. Then everything is okay. Then we can here move to our project. I will name my project UR1 and I will generate it now for Kyle. I'm okay. I can click on the project generate code and he will generate for me the code.


As you're about to see in this footage, we set up an elaborate program using an iPad where there were several selections on Etsy and everything the dog touched we had to buy. That would have been fun. Actually, no, the dog is just here. If you haven't seen these videos before, it's where we go to Etsy and we find the weirdest and sometimes coolest Nintendo Switch accessories we can find and we buy them and surprise each other with them. So on my side, I have a few. On Kim's side, she has a few and I'll be honest, we bought all of these things about three months ago and I've been waiting on one to get here. And it was the smallest but one of the most excited ones I was excited for. But good news, it's still not fricking here. I'll have to just show that one on my phone later. But for now, let's start on Kim's side. I have no idea what any of these things are. This is not the smallest one? No, that was smaller. Well, it wasn't actually about this size. Oh wait, it is that. How long has it been here? This guy on Etsy is really cool. What they do is create booklets for Nintendo Switch games. Because as you know, going into this generation, booklets are all but a bygone era. I bought Pokemon Legends Arceus and Skyward Sword two of my favorites. Oh God, if you want to take that one. And again, they're just making these up. I think with like the Zelda one might have borrowed a lot from the Wii manual. The Arceus is all new. You have a map and all the items. It just looks so legit. I also like in this Arceus one, he's made all the gameplay shots, the paintings. Oh, that is cool. And then match the style of the game. My God, it's just so cute. Let me get my games. Let me get my games. Yeah, look, there's even a little holder for it already, which is so weird. That makes no sense to me. Look, now it has a little manual. That is fantastic. That'll be a link down below if you want to grab that. So yeah, anyway, with the Switch accessories, I was thinking, Kim? Oh, hi Kim. I guess we're not downstairs anymore. Well, good because I'm hungry. And it's so easy to factor in delicious, nutritious meals when I use factor. This is the recent box they sent me. And I've been very excited because not only are these smoothies amazing, they're only 120 calories for the whole freaking thing. But I actually asked them to send me something that I've been wanting to try.  They sound so good. But that's not really what it's all about. It's about getting delicious, nutritious meals to your front door, like this one, which is a shredded chicken taco ball. I'm going to go ahead and throw that in the microwave right now. It takes me about two minutes to do an ad read. It takes about two minutes for that to cook. So by the time I'm done, I'll have food. All of these chef-prepared meals are all fresh and never frozen. And I got to be honest, our holidays are already jam packed. We did Friendsgiving the other day, so we have a ton of Thanksgiving leftovers, which has been good, I guess, but I'm so sick of eating turkey cranberry and stuffing. So having these factor meals on deck are a nice change. Also, when it gets closer to the holidays, I won't have to cook as much with neither of us. Factor offers 34 meals per week with 36 add-on options, like juices, smoothies, snacks, and so much more.  And there's no prep, no mess. These meals are so good. Get the low calorie option specifically. Each meal is about 500 calories. Head to go.factor75.com slash beat em up 60 and use code beat em up 60 to get 60% off your first factor box. Grab and eat no heating required. I don't even have to heat these up. Yo, go get some. Links down below. Appreciate Factor for sponsoring. Kim, let's go take some lunch and finish the video. Oh, no. I'll do a big one. Not a big one. I'll do a big one. All right. I don't remember buying a sweater. You don't remember buying a sweater. I don't think I bought a sweater. You don't remember buying a sweater.  This is fan mail. This is fan mail. That's fan mail. That's fan mail. That's fan mail. I want to know about the scarves. It said dear wouldn't bob on it too. It's not even for me. It's matching scarves for me and my other husband. I have many husbands. All right, let's try this one. So here's getting, so here's getting, so we have stress, calm, melt away tablets for all your anxiety needs. This is a mess. I need one right now. Try that. No idea. Did you order this? Yes. Well, that doesn't work. Oh, wait, maybe it's, oh, it's for a, oh. But why? Well, I guess it is weird. So I thought I was buying a switch case that looked like a book of spells. And I thought that I could like put it into like a thing of books and you're like, oh, what's in the spell book? Then you open it, but it's for a game, one only. And it also kind of doesn't really look like a book. It looks like a wallet. It looks like a wallet. Okay, let's do one on your side. I'm not doing good over here. Okay, we have something cool. You're going to like this. Okay, let me get it set up. Okay, look. It's a switch dock. He ate it.  And I can't actually recommend doing this, but he's got little feet at the back, but it's like a little curvy. That's like swallowing a dock curvy, the refrigerator curvy machine and then dock curvy. I love it. So dock curvy kind of sounds like a scientist. I'm just about to go back in time. Next, everything is shrink wrapped today. I've been really excited about this one because I was really hopeful that this was going to look really cool because so far it already looks cool. And then you add this and then you add that. Okay, it, it, it looks really cool. Alexa, turn off lights in studio. Yo, it's got different settings. So this lighting now is sick. I know. I was going to say, can we just leave it like that? Do we change the vibe mid video? This Kim is a doctor bag because we have to take you to the bed. I'm trying to remember why I bought most of this stuff. I feel like it was a lifetime ago. I don't even know how to open this bag. Oh wait. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay. I remember the reason why I bought this is because not only is it like a carry bag, but when you want to play with the carry bag, you can pin the sides to this and it kind of props it up and you can play it on an angle like this. Now that seems like a lot of effort. I can't find a way to actually open the bag. You're telling me that everything is like here? Well, this went from quarter way. Here it is. It costs $65. It does open. So how do you open it?  The reason why I bought this, you can fit everything. You can fit the dock. You can fit a pro controller, the power cord, the joy cons. I thought it was a nice quality big bag. I feel like this is going to come in handy for traveling. I feel like there's going to be a time where we need something to carry the switches in and this is going to be the guy. If you ever wanted to travel and appear to be something better than what you are, like a doctor or someone that has business stuff, this. Last time we went to an airport, I had my steam deck. The steam deck had just come out and they asked me to take everything out and put it on the tray. The guy that was doing the thing who before then was seemed a very grumpy. Shoes off. Shoes off. Shoes off to everybody. And then like, I put my, uh, my steam deck down and goes, is that one of those steam decks? Do you like it? I've been thinking about getting one. Yeah. No, it's pretty cool. I like it. He's like, yeah, I wanted to play like God of war on it. And I was like, yeah, no, you shouldn't like have a nice day. And he was like, yeah, you too, man. Shoes off to the next person. All right. What you got. So this one was actually, uh, something that I bought separate from Etsy. This is one of the things I actually just needed. It's not even for the switch. I ordered it because my friend Bob, maybe this really cool Game Boy, and I was starting to feel bad about it just gathering dust. So he said to go on Etsy and get one of these. He's also shrink wrapped. I'm having a nightmare today with shrink wrapping. There you go. That is really cool. That is really cool. There wasn't really a way of displaying it.  Bob and I made a video where he gave this to me. We were giving each other weird stuff, and it's a lot like this video, but with both, I wanted to get something for this. And it kind of all came about in a similar video. So if you want to watch that, it's down below. So in all of these videos, we end up getting two things more than anything, a switch dock and then something to hold switch games. And this one is probably my favorite one that I've ever seen. Oh, there's a little guy inside. This is really stinking cool. If it was really weighted, like you can kind of hear it's like, it sounds like he cast, like covered it in residence. Kind of sounds like he's chomping. Gotta be honest, this video is mostly cool things. I feel like I'd always teed as one way or another. There's a mix, I think. There's a mix. All right. The amount of money I have spent on custom switch docks, I have more custom switch docks than I have switches. And that's saying something. I'm going to let you dig into this one. Is this for me? It can be. Oh, actually, this isn't really a dog. It's way more than that. Oh, okay. You remember how I swear to God, we were the first people to find that BMO? The BMO, yeah. I feel like this is one of them things where we might be the first person to find this. Oh, no. What? Oh, no. What? Did they know? I think they know. There's a whole bunch of gifts in here. Oh, they knew you were cramping. Oh, no, they got me with the Kirby fee. It's so much more aggressive than the one that I already have.  Oh, no. I wanted to say how excited we were that you found our little shop. We really hope you enjoy your new switch stand. And if this isn't beat-em-ups and someone who just used his name, that's okay. Enjoy your order and hope you have a good day. I don't even want to say that out loud because there are people right now. Oh, yeah. Make sure. Okay, here's a good idea right now real quick. Kim has been getting messages and now I've been getting messages from a lot of people on Etsy getting messaged by a wood hawker account claiming to be me asking for them to send their free Nintendo switch stuff to them so they'll be in a video for a review. That's not me. I will never ask for that. I have bought. I have paid for every single thing in these videos. And even if you wanted to send me something, I wouldn't take it unless I wanted it in a video. And if I wanted it in a video, I would pay for it because all of this is art and you deserve it. Okay. And if anyone buys, actually buys anything with the name, it'll go to a warm Minster PO box. So someone could fake that too, but I don't know how to help you there. All right.  They just sent a gift basket. They sent a Kirby feet pin. All right. So just like the Beemo, this is a little Pikachu dot kind of not really, I don't know what you really call these. So you have the Pikachu or you can knock his face off and you can put your switch in. And just like with the Beemo, you can play on the face.  And ironically, knowing the new Pokemon game like I do, if you do find a Pikachu, he'll probably look as blocky and low-rendered as this Pikachu kind of all works out. I don't know why like this whole back is just like empty. I don't know what to do.  Thank you so much everybody for watching. We appreciate it. If you still like these videos, okay, like the video, leave a comment down below and subscribe. We'll keep doing them. What was your favorite favorite? So hard to choose, right? I like all of it. I really do. I think this is probably, yeah, that's really cool. I can't stop looking at it. I love that. I also love this because I know I'm actually going to display some things on this and the Sour Patch Kids kind of slap. Gotta be honest. Oh, and this is pretty cool too. All right. Well, I'm going to go to work and yank out some teeth. I'm a doctor dentist.  Okay, links down below to all this stuff. Bye, everybody. Bye. Got patience waiting and quite frankly, they're out of pace. They're out of... Just cut it.


Welcome back to the channel. For those of you who are new around here, my name is Michael aka Dr. Chalini and I'm an interventional radiologist in the great state of New York. No, I'm not in New York anymore. I'm in New Jersey. I'm just so used to saying that intro is way blackface. Disregard my assistant over there. Today, I am a little happy because yesterday I finished my last but could you please stop interrupting me while I'm filming this video? I'm a lot happy. I was downplaying it. I'm a lot happy because yesterday I finished my very first, why do I, I'm like saying the wrong thing. Yesterday, I finished my very last exam that I ever have to take as a physician, hopefully. So let's hit that intro. All right, so I think I posted a video recently, probably like six weeks ago when I took my written board exam for my radiology and interventional radiology boards. And yesterday I actually took the oral component of those boards. All right, so let me rewind a little bit so you know exactly what the heck I'm talking about. So to be an interventional radiologist or to be a board certified interventional radiologist, you must first complete your core examination in your third year of radiology residency, which is, I think I actually vlogged that. If I didn't vlog it, I talked about it. I think it's up here. I'll put the link up here. And in that video, I gave you my thoughts of that examination. And that was basically an exam to test your knowledge on your radiology residency. Pretty much every field of medicine has that board examination. And this was our board exam. So the weird thing about that exam is we take it during our third year of radiology residency, which is also our fourth year of residency as a whole. Because remember, we do a year internship before starting radiology residency. Why you take it during your third year is very on. I think it's because if you take it your third year, then your whole fourth year, you're like the top of your residency, you're ready to go. You can read any study and the program probably likes that because you can read a lot of studies and they don't have to pay and attending to do so. But nonetheless, I took that exam and that is the exam that allows you to be board eligible. So you can take your board examination after you finish all of your training. So I know this is a bit confusing, but basically the diagnostic radiologists who do a diagnostic fellowship, whether it be neuro radiology, MSK, breast imaging, etc. They will take a written examination, which is about eight hours. They took that exam the same time I took my written exam six weeks ago or whatever, and they already got their scores back. I haven't gotten anything back. They told us they're not going to give us our scores on the written or the oral until after the oral is done. But nonetheless, let me tell you about those boards.  The reason for that is this exam allows you to be a board certified physician. If you pass these examinations, you will be a board certified interventional radiologist. And the best thing about our board exam particularly is if I pass both sections, whether it be the written in the oral component, I will be dual board certified in diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology. So I'll have two board certifications, which is kind of cool if I do say so myself. So yeah, that's pretty much it. We took the written component about six weeks ago, which I literally keep saying over and over again. And that examination is a written component. And it's basically, I think it was around four hours or so, which wasn't too bad when you think of the eight hours plus of all the written exams we take during our life. But it was about four hours or so it involved diagnostic radiology through multiple sections of diagnostic imaging, including nuclear medicine and physics. And that is the diagnostic portion. It also had a separate section for interventional radiology as well, which was kind of strewn about the examination. That way they test your knowledge on diagnostic and interventional radiology on the written exam. Now what sets interventional radiology apart is that we have to take an oral board examination on top of the written exam versus the diagnostic folks only have to take the written component of the exam. They do not have to take the oral component. Their exam was twice as long as ours on the written component, but the benefit is they don't have to take the oral board. So, you know, it is one of those. So yesterday was our oral component. And the way this works, I just want to give you kind of a brief overview because I think people have seen oral board examinations and they picture Gray's Anatomy where they wear a suit. And first I would explore the right side. The attending physician who has been a surgeon for like 45, 50 years is just like grilling them. If you don't agree with my approach, I wish you would voice your issues. I tell them they're wrong. They're like sweating profusely. It's just so incredibly hot in here. And it's just not that way. Well, maybe surgery boards are like that, but the interventional radiology boards are not like that. That wasn't an exam. That was an interrogation. So it's a little different this year because usually you do your oral boards about a year to 15 months after you finish your fellowship. They just started to do this oral board and written exam as soon as you finish fellowship. And it used to be you wait another year or year and a half to take both of these examinations. And the thought behind that was that you get extra practice. You become more versed in interventional radiology. But I guess since we do more training in our residency now with the new ESIR and integrated pathways, they thought that, you know, we don't need all that time and we can just go ahead and crank it out right now. Which at first I was a little like, you know, I don't know if I know everything, but the reality is you're the freshest when you finish fellowship. And I feel the most comfortable taking the exam now. And I felt the most comfortable yesterday. So let's get into the oral component. So it was basically on a WebEx platform or very similar to Zoom or anything that we do now in this post pandemic world. So the beauty is people in last year and every year prior would have to fly to Louisville, Kentucky, stay in a hotel room and then wake up and take their oral board examinations, which I don't know if it was two days, it may have been two days long, which is so terrible. All I had to do was wake up, put on some nice clothes, shower, shave, look decent. And I'll show you what I wore up here. Don't tell anybody I have little slippers on. So I came in here in my office.  I took a little picture of the room, stand around and they okayed that it was a good setup. We did four sections, which were about 30 minutes each, in which there's an examiner, usually a seasoned veteran in intervention radiology. And they literally just put up images or question stem and just start firing away, asking you questions, quickly asking you questions. How would you manage this? How would you do this? How would you access that? How would you do this procedure? How would you do it safely on anything in promising interventional radiology? And to be honest, I thought I was going to be more stressed than I was, but I actually kind of secretly enjoyed it in a weird way because it was kind of like they were testing you and you pretty much know most things in your field once you get to this level. So it wasn't as hard as I thought it was going to be, but it also wasn't like fun. I wouldn't rather do that than like, you know, go out with my friends, but it wasn't as bad as I thought it would be. And I think that's just from preparing for all these years and you hear this stuff and you do this stuff and you see this stuff over and over and over again. And eventually it just becomes ingrained in your mind and you become good at taking these exams.  So I find out in about a week and a half or two weeks, whether or not I passed, I also find out at the same time, if I passed the written board examination component, because if I passed the oral and not the written, then I don't have to take the oral again, but I do have to take the written. And if I passed the written, but not the oral, I'll have to take the oral again and you know, whatever happens happens. You have to take it again. You have to take it again, but that's pretty much it. I just wanted to tell you all kind of what I've been up to. I posted a good video today on student loans and student debt and how to manage them and how I'm managing them. Hope you all enjoy that video. Hope you like this video. This is just kind of a quick little life update before I start getting into more content. I've just had this kind of like looming over my head. It's been really tough working out in the morning, working all day, super hard, no time for anything during the day, come home, study, and then also film content. It's like super hard. So thank you for bearing with me. That is it for this episode or this video on my board examination. Hope you learn something. If you have any questions about the IR boards, let me know in the comments below and follow me on TikTok and Instagram. And I guess I'll see you on the next video. Bye.


on dealing with materials data. We have come a long way in understanding the statistics while we want to understand the materials data and its component both in the theoretical part that I am trying to cover and what has been covered in the R sessions by Professor Guru Rajan. In next few sessions we are going to consider the case of parametric estimation. Let us recall what we have done so far. We introduced random variables and their expectations. Then we also talked about certain discrete and continuous special random variables. Then in the last few sessions we discussed what is a parametric and non-parametric case that is if you now we are in the realm of the population. There is a population for which we are trying to make an estimate or to judge or to understand what that population is like and this we can do through a small sample that we draw from the population. This sample we expect that it is a fully random sample and it gives us on a small number all information that we may require from the population so that we can estimate or we can judge you what the population is like. So if we are aware that the population is coming from a specific distribution function then we need to estimate the parameters of the distribution. We need to talk about the parameters of unknown parameters of the distribution but suppose the form of the distribution itself is not known then it is called a non-parametric case. As we mentioned in the previous sessions in this particular course we are going to concentrate on the parametric session that is all the cases which are referring to parametric cases. Then we also studied under parametric cases the sampling statistics in which we talked about sample mean and sample variance and we showed that the sample means expected value is actually mean of the population and we also showed that sample variance its expected value is also sample sorry population variance for the population. Now we want to get into what is called estimation the parameters. See in sampling statistics what we did is that every distribution or every population has its mean value and its standard deviation which is it is a tendency of central tendency where the data will be generally located as we said in the descriptive statistics it talks something like the center of gravity of the data and the dispersion actually says how the data is spreaded. But suppose I say that a particular data is coming from a log normal distribution or I say that particular data is coming from a viable distribution. I also specify that it comes from the two parameter log normal distribution. Then we would like to know what these parameters are because once you define these parameters the whole distribution is known so in a way you know the whole population. Now when you want to find the parameter you need to estimate it again from the small sample that we have drawn from the population and therefore in this few sessions we are going to talk about parametric estimation. We will be assuming that a population has a certain distribution form. We say that population distribution has a certain form and it has certain unknown parameters and our endeavor in the coming few sessions is to estimate these parameters in various ways. So we would like to consider here the case of point estimator. There are other methods of estimation for example there is called an interval estimation also that will also follow but in this particular session today's session we are going to consider the methods of estimating parameters through point estimation in which we will cover maximum likelihood estimator and method of moments estimation then we will also talk about interval estimation in the future sessions. Then we will have estimation of scale and shape parameters of two parameter Weibull distribution. We are going to give examples of Bernoulli as well as normal but they are very straightforward. So we would like to give an example of two parameter Weibull distribution which is bit involved and we will also talk about methods of evaluating point estimators that is unbiased estimator and robust estimator. Though I must mention that this interval estimation we will cover in subsequent sessions and similarly the methods of evaluating point estimators we will also cover in the subsequent session. In this particular session we plan to cover maximum likelihood estimation for parameters. So let us start. We have already talked about it let us repeat it y estimation as I said f theta be a distribution function completely defining the population only the parameter theta is unknown. So if we know the parameter theta we know the parameter theta then we know the whole population and therefore we want to consider the case of theta not known and we would like to estimate theta in order to draw inference on the population. There are two types of estimators one is called a point estimator in which it finds a single quantity as an estimate for unknown parameter theta. While the interval estimator gives an interval within which a value theta may lie with a probability attached to it. This probability which is attached to it is either called a confidence level or it is called a significance level I am sorry it comes in hypothesis testing but actually here it is called a confidence level of the interval estimator. So for example we can say that a theta will lie in the interval between say minus 3 and plus 3 with a probability of 95 percent or I may say that a theta will lie between minus 4 and 4 with the probability of say 68 percent I mean you can give variety of probabilities but this probability is to be derived. So you can have an interval estimator with a different level of confidence. As I said in this session we are going to talk about maximum likelihood estimator but in completeness we are going to talk about two methods maximum likelihood estimator along with method of moments or moments matching estimator which is also known as MME. I have particularly chosen this because it has become very common with many softwares and also with respect to the R programming. So it is better to know its merits and demerits with respect to methods of moments. Of course when we study when we talk about evaluating the point estimator we will go in further details. So let us start. We start this session we are going to talk about maximum likelihood estimator. So let us begin. Let X1, X2, Xn be a random sample of size n from the unknown population distribution where unknown is only the parameter theta. Thus X1, X2, Xn are independently and identically distributed as f theta. If f sub capital Xi, small Xi theta is given a PDF of random variable Xi where i varies from 1 to n. A typical random a typical element or a typical member of a random sample has a distribution function a probability PDF that is probability density function as f of Xi theta then the joint because they are independent and identically distributed the joint PDF of all the n members of the sample. Let us call it f of small x1, x2, x3, xn given the value of theta that the parameter is theta will be a product of all the PDF of each member of Xi which is which are identical except for the value of Xi. Here X1, X2, X3 I have the you please note the difference between the capital Xi and the small Xi and please recall capital Xi are the random variables small Xi are the realization of respective capital Xi. So it is a small x1, x2, xn are the realization of a random sample of x1, x2, x3, xn all x capital here. It is important to realize that joint PDF that is this function has x1, x2, x3, xn known only unknown is theta and as far as the population is concerned we can recognize the population only through its random realization of the random sample and therefore whatever information that you wish to have with respect to theta is all contained in this joint distribution function and therefore this joint distribution function is given a special name and it is called a likelihood function of parameter theta because it contains the likelihood where both the parameter theta can take a value because again let us repeat what I am trying to say is that the population is unknown. Only thing we know is a random sample that we have drawn and the realization that we have made. So it is an abstract phenomena which we say that a random sample of size n is drawn in reality what we see is the actual realization the small x1, x2, x3, xn that we observe this is our data small x1, x2, x3, xn is our data. So data has all information possible with respect to the unknown parameter theta and therefore this joint density function is called a likelihood function of theta. Now we would like to find out theta and one of the philosophy is that take the value of theta which maximizes this likelihood take the value of theta which maximizes this likelihood this sounds a very logical argument. So here we wish to find out the maximum likelihood function and at which point it will become maximum that theta we would like to call a maximum likelihood estimator. So we have that so we would like to maximize the likelihood function of theta and that estimator we are going to called a maximum likelihood estimator. Now this is a purely little math that if likelihood function is maximized then log likelihood function is also maximized and we will see in future this log likelihood function makes life easy in order to find a maximum mathematically. Generally the maximum likelihood estimator of theta is denoted by what is called theta hat as it is shown here. Let us see how do we actually do it. So I am going to consider three examples in this session. The first example is that of a Bernoulli parameter. So consider n independent Bernoulli trials x1, x2, x3, xn with a p as a probability of success and p is unknown. In that case you know that the xi can take a value either 1 if the trial is success or it will take a value 0 if the trial is failure. So we can say that the probability mass function we do not have a probability density function this is a discrete case and therefore we have a probability mass function. So probability mass function that xi takes a value x where x is either 0 or 1 is probability to the p to the power x multiplied by 1 minus p to the power 1 minus x and now we want to find a maximum likelihood estimator of unknown parameter p. So we must find first a likelihood function of p which is nothing but the joint density of x1, x2, x3, xn and that we can find out by simply multiplying the densities because they are all independent and identically distributed. So we get the likelihood function of p as a product of p to the power xi multiplied by 1 minus p to the power 1 minus xi. Simplifying it we say that it is p to the power summation of xi multiplied by 1 minus p to the power n minus summation of xi, n comes by summation of 1. Take log on both sides remember we said that maximizing likelihood or maximizing log likelihood it is going to give us the same answer with respect to the parameter theta. So here we take a log function of the likelihood and you see how it nicely simplifies to take a derivative of this is a very tough this is very simple. So we get the summation of xi multiplied by log p plus n minus summation of xi multiplied by log 1 minus p. Recall that in this whole equation only p is unknown, xi's are realization either 0 or 1 and we already know them. So taking the derivative with respect to p and equating it to 0 we get the following equation and if you solve this equation you get that p hat remember that now this maximizing likelihood function value of p is called p hat it is MLE it is maximum likelihood estimator and that value p hat is 1 over n summation of xi in other words it is x bar it is a mean value of the total realization of sample of size n. Let us consider another example this is a continuous distribution we take a normal distribution with two unknown parameters mean of the distribution and variance of the distribution mu and sigma square respectively. So here again the likelihood function of mu and sigma square given the realization x1, x2, x3, xn of the n sample size is multiplication product of 1 over sigma square root 2 pi exponential 1 half minus 1 half xi minus mu sigma whole square and if you take the logarithm life becomes much easy it is n by 2 log of 2 pi minus n log sigma minus summation of xi minus mu whole square divided by 2 sigma whole square. I am not going through the derivatives of it but if you take the derivative with respect to mu and with respect to sigma square please remember you have to take a derivative with respect to sigma square and not sigma because here sigma square as a single entity we want to estimate. You will find that when you take the derivatives and equate them to 0 you get two equations and they will beautifully solve as mu hat that is maximum likelihood estimator of mean of the population is the average of the sample and the variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of the variance is the 1 over n summation of xi minus sample mean whole square please remember that this is not capital S square. Please recall this is very important to note that this is not equal to capital S square. Remember that capital S square is 1 over n minus 1 summation xi minus x bar whole square now this is x bar. So, mu hat and x bar are same but they are different in the denominator. So, please note this that maximum likelihood estimator is not the sample mean it differs in the denominator sample variance has denominator as n minus 1 maximum likelihood estimator of population variance has a denominator of n. Let us take the next example now you see so far we have I have given you examples in very beautifully you get a closed form solution for maximum likelihood estimator. Well these are the lucky cases this does not happen all the time here I would like to show you the case of two parameter Weibull distribution in which we will at the end we will get the two equations or one equation that we need to solve iteratively to find the value of maximum likelihood estimator. Let us go through it please note that I have given a reference here. Please note that I have given a reference it is good to read this is freely available on internet for downloading you can download this particular pdf and go through it you will get a taste as to how people tend to derive this kind of estimator. Anyway briefly I am going to discuss it here. So, let the random variable x be a Weibull distribution with two parameters the scale and shape scale is alpha and the shape is c then it is denoted as fx is equal to this where x is greater than 0 alpha is greater than 0 and c is greater than 0. Now we would like to find MLE of alpha and c here it is easier to make one transformation so that the calculations become easier. So, if you take another parameter theta which is a function of alpha and c alpha to the power c then this density function very beautifully simplifies to this and this is easier to work with to find the maximum likelihood estimator and once you find it you can always revert back and find out the actual estimator of alpha and c. So, here c is as it is only alpha is replaced by theta. So, let x1, x2, xn be a random sample with a Weibull distribution with the changed parameter theta and c then the likelihood function of theta and c is given by this it is simply a product of the function that we have pdf that we have considered here. So, it is a product of n such pdf's. If you take the logarithm it becomes n log c minus n log theta plus c minus 1 summation of log xi minus 1 over theta summation of xi to the power c. Now if you differentiate log likelihood function with respect to theta and c again I am leaving this calculations to you please verify them. It is important that you have a practice for doing this it gives you the feeling what goes on inside instead of memorizing it. So, it says that in that case theta hat can be expressed in terms of parameter c which is 1 over n summation of xi to the power c and c can be estimated from this equation. It says that 1 over c minus summation xi to the c multiplied by log xi divided by summation xi to the c is equal to average of log xi it is equal to average of log xi. So, in a way if you look at it this is a weighted average of log xi where the weights are xi to the power c and this is a simple average of log xi and this is what the equation is and therefore you please note that this equation based on the data has to be solved iteratively. You can use Newton-Raphson method you can do secant method I mean you can choose any method and solve this particular equation to find it 0 that is going to be your maximum likelihood estimator of c which is c hat. And then you replace in the equation of theta the c hat here actually in this equation I should have everywhere written c hat. So, let me make that correction. So, here it should be c hat this is c hat this is c hat this is c hat and therefore if you solve this equation numerically you can use Newton-Raphson's method or you can use a secant method Newton-Raphson works out very well, but you can use either method and find a 0 of this function you have to take this day on the other side and you find the solve solve this iteratively. Once you find the c hat you plug that c hat you plug that c hat into the expression of theta hat and what you get is an estimator maximum likelihood estimator of theta hat. So, with this two three examples let us summarize what we learned about maximum likelihood estimator and what we talked in this session. There are two types of estimators we say there is a point estimator and there is a interval estimator. In the point estimator we introduced a maximum likelihood estimator where the likelihood function of unknown parameter in terms of joint distribution of the data is taken and it is maximized and the place where it takes the maximum value the parametric value which makes it maximum is the called the maximum likelihood estimator. The examples of Bernoulli trials and the we estimate we found the estimator of probability of success. Please note that that estimator is also the sample mean which is same as the it is also the sample mean is the estimator which expected value of sample mean turns out to be the probability of success. Remember that MLE may not have all the time this property. Then with respect to normal distribution we talked about maximum likelihood estimator mu which is same as sample mean. However, we found that the maximum likelihood estimator of variance differs from the sample variance in the denominator. We then showed that every time finding maximum likelihood estimator is not a easy task at times you end up with a set of equations or a single equation which you need to solve iteratively. Now in the next session we will move on to discuss the method of moments estimator. Thank you.


The proposed digital twin-based state monitoring system of the gear test bench is able to accurately simulate the normal operating state of the machine, allowing for real-time monitoring of its performance. This system provides a reliable way to ensure the stability of the gear test bench's operation. This article was offered by Juboli, Songlin Wang, Jianjun Yang, and others.


Has there ever been a more hellish depiction of hell than Mad God? I mean that honestly, though if there has, I'm not sure I want to see it. FX legend Phil Tippett began work on this nightmarish vision of the underworld while working on Robocop 2 then shelved it for literal decades and now it's finally done and goodness gracious. I respect all animators, but I respect stop-motion animators. Just a little bit more in Mad God exemplifies why. The inherently unnatural movement in stop-motion is amplified by its mixing with live-action footage which is often tweaked to look more like stop-motion itself. And I don't have the words. Heck, the English language itself might not be able to accurately articulate the imagery which has played atop an equally chilling soundscape of industrial machinery and the piercing screams of actual human babies. And if that's what you want, there's nothing better. But if you're looking for anything else, Mad God's kind of lacking. The experimental nature of the project extends beyond his technology. There's no plot and the dialogue is environmental rather than narrative. We almost have a protagonist in the silent mask, maybe a person we follow for much of the runtime, but they're really just an unwitting tour guide through horror. Surveillance is going to vary, but as a ride unlike any you've taken before, it's worth the trip. Four stars.


John Carfield. I'm national director of personal philanthropy for DAV. We're located headquarters in Colesbury, Kentucky. And we're glad to hear and we appreciate you coming out and for us and in word I do want to say thank you to everybody here for your service to our country and for doing what we did because I really appreciate it. It's kept us safe and it's kept us free so that'll take it lightly. So thank you very much. Well we're grateful for your work and today we're talking about dreaming beyond this world. Leave a legacy of love and care for veterans. So my name is John Carfield. I'm national personal philanthropy director and my colleague here today Judy List Sweeney. Judy is also in my department in the personal philanthropy program. Judy and I are going to present this workshop to you today and I hope you find it informative and helpful and intriguing and questions make time to us and that's fine too. We'd love to take questions and have a discussion about this, but we're friendly ordering people who want to hear from you and your family and friends. We listen to our supporters for life stories, learn why they care, and we hope to realize their charitable dreams large as small. We also educate and serve as special tax-wise gifts for everyone's lifetime. It's all those things. We'll talk about those things today. The DAV personal philanthropy program covers the entire country. It's a brand new program that we started within the fundraising department of DAV. So these are the states that we're covering and as you can see we're divided by regions and so you find your state and you find your region as to where we are. And our goal is to within each region have a personal philanthropy program's regional director that's there to help me with any questions. We're taking a couple of questions regarding the state giving that we're talking about today, our current giving, or really anything. We're there to help and to be the point person if you need any assistance about some DAV issues that happen to do with the philanthropy of the organization. So I always feel great to call on us. These are our pictures. As you can see we have the southeast, the northeast, the west, the north central, and the central cover. And I'll go back up to the screen to show you. We've got the southeast down there in the light blue, the northeast up in the dark blue, the central is in the yellow, the purple, Texas in those states, we're about to hire somebody there. The red states is the north central which we have someone there. And we have somebody out west and eventually that territory is going to be divided into two portions. We want to try to be as available. We are building our program so it will take a little while but at this point there are those folks that are in these areas for you to access if you need. We need your contact information. A lot of times we'll publish it in magazine or post contacts in various ways but we're happy to provide that to you. I want to set some expectations for today's session. We're not going to cover intricacies of planning your estate today because that's a personal issue and there's too many things that we can be able to talk about or uncover within and out. What we are going to do though is we're going to cover simple ways that you can leave the lasting legacy of loving care for your fellow veterans through your estate. We're going to talk about ways that you can give. This is a costume thing today. We're going to talk about ways that you can give that actually provides you with a lifetime income. And we're going to talk about something that I think Judy is calling a 15 minute estate gift. Thank you Judy. And of course we're glad to answer questions during the way. Anytime you have questions please raise your hand and we'll be able to help you out. But in the interest of time if there's anything that's a little bit too intricate then obviously we can talk afterwards because again these are personal issues and some things are best kept. This is a personal level and plus they may be too detailed in the interest of time to give an ad for these. But we're here to help. So for now I just wanted to kind of set the expectations and to establish those things and to introduce ourselves. But at this point I want to turn it over to Judy Lee Sweeney who's going to talk to us about some other things. Thanks again for coming. You will know us by our ads in the DAV magazine. You'll receive the DAV Mags, I'm sure you're all members. So starting about 15, 16 years ago we were able to get one page in the magazine as our most economical way of talking to our veteran members and family members about completing us in their estate plans. So every time you get a DAV magazine in the mail you see one of our articles. These are two different articles you see here that were recent. There are always very hard felt articles. The very people who name us in their estate plans in one way or another, they always say the most amazing and nearly poetic things about why they did. So they practically write the story when they talk to us and we hear beautiful things as to why they're doing it. And any time somebody includes us in their estate plans they're truly making us part of their family and we really try to acknowledge that and take that into our own approach to them. Because it's just so personal and meaningful to the maturity and the work. Sometimes we even tell them they're adopting veterans as part of their plans. So this is an example of a gift annuity article on the left. You'll see the rate chart. I'll talk about that in a minute. The gift annuities are the second most common planned gift. That's the industry term for gifts that will benefit a charity after their lifetime. The most common is a request, which was the case with the article on the right. And we also rotate usually about once a year we'll have a gift on how to make stock gifts. And planned gifts are really any gift that it takes planning to do outside of writing effect. And so they're typically larger and it takes a little thinking and gets wrapped into people's financial situation a little bit too. But when you see those articles, they'll also have a post-card reply inside. We always want you to call that if you would rather send a post-card reply than we receive those and send a package back out in the mail and we'll show you. It's on your chair actually for the escape giving side. There's some simple ways to support the AV. And this is leaving a lot of lasting legacy after you're gone after we're gone. And at this point the request giving is a substantial and the state giving is a substantial level of support. Provides substantial level of support for our organization. It's very important. And there's simple ways to give. You can give through wills or trusts that you might have in your states already. Some people will give through financial or investment accounts. In other words, just simply saying that when I'm gone, whatever's left in this account, maybe a bank account, another financial account, will go directly to DAV. And that's a very simple way to do things. Very simple. You can insure policies and retirement accounts are great ways to give. Insurance policies, we can be named to beneficiary, maybe there's some insurance policy that's paid up and you might not need that and maybe how many of your family needs that. And maybe that would be a great way to leave when you're gone, leave a great legacy. Or retirement accounts. A lot of people have the requirement and distributions, but they may not need that income. And so those RMDs can be rolled over to DAV. And it wouldn't cost you any tax problems by not taking those. But it gives you the satisfaction of knowing you did something great for disabled American veterans. So we love that. You always need to make sure you use the legal name and address for DAV, which is DAV Disabled American Veterans PO Box 14301. This is an 80545250. And our tax ID number is 31-0263158. So I believe that information is available in the package so we have a way. Yes. So those are key things, especially the address. Because if you want to do something for this organization and they address it wrong or something wrong, it costs you problems. And later on. I always want to make sure we're using the right legal name and the right tax ID number on your documentation. Judy. I will say, people do the most amazing things through their estate plans. And we always want to thank and honor them. I'll talk about that in a minute. Our Guardians Society is our way of thanking people during their lifetime for gifts that we'll benefit from later. But the beauty of the stake gifts is that they're costumating now. Everybody needs to worry about how much they'll need for their long-term care, et cetera. Some people know that they have more than they can use. And maybe they're not sure that they need to leave as much to their children if they have children. But people usually have more than they realize they have in the way of that sense. So a lot of people think they don't have to stake what they really do. And we like to think of the fact that almost everybody can think about including the stake gift and their plans, but not everybody for sure can make a larger gift like they might like to during their lifetime. But the very people who often name us in their estate plans are people who are making $10 gifts, $15 gifts, but maybe a number of them over time and over a lot of years. And of course, we make sure we don't overlook the spouses or the women who are asking us about this because very often they're the ones who end up inheriting and having the assets at the end. But we want you to know we're so grateful for anything you or any of your chapter members might do. You'll end up being ambassadors for us and just be a little conversant if you can on ways people can remember us. And we'll never drill people for their guests. We definitely will thank them and honor them. But we know people's plans change over time. We know they run out of money. And all of that we understand that we like to play it on the positive side and just make sure we're thanking people during their lifetime. This gives idea. I actually started at Davy in 1995. So I've been here 24 years. And when I started, we were just really starting the plain-giving program then. And we were receiving about a million per year, but it has grown and grown and grown. And we started getting into really high numbers the last five, eight years. Nationally, estate giving is about 8% of what all charities receive. But for us with our net income, what we actually net from our fundraising activities, it's about one-third of our net income in recent years.  And so you can see some of the things I'm referring to here on the right-hand margin. And one interesting thing to know, and you can see some statistics here from GivingUSA. It's an industry journal that compiles data nationwide each year on what Americans give. But most Giving comes from individuals. And there you hear a lot about corporations, including at the Davy Convention. But nationwide, corporations are really just giving only about 5% of all philanthropic dollars as individuals. 70% of all Giving is for people during their lifetime. Plus, nationwide, about another 9% for people through their requests. And then when you get down to foundations, some of them are really giving from family foundations as well. Individuals, so all in all, it's important to know that most Giving really comes from people. And this is a breakout of the net revenue for DEV and how much the quest income is as a portion of that pie. At the top are newer programs for raising money that are kind of in there more efficiency and will definitely be growing a lot over time. John's in charge of major gifts with building corporations, building foundation support. And digital sources are largely the emails or other things you're seeing from DEV to encourage giving. And our card donation program, I'm a big fan of, it's a newer program. But they continue to pick up your car and make it super easy. Everybody loves it. We've talked to about it from our fundraising table up there the last couple days. Only for about a year and a half we've had it. It's a really great nationwide program. On average, those cars are selling for $2,000. And it's a really fast, quickly increasing revenue stream for us. I want to emphasize that the average person who includes us, they're making gifts that are large in relationship to what they gave us during their lifetime. Maybe 60,000 is almost average. A whole lot of people give us 10,000, 50,000, 100,000 for their state plans. Only because they end up with far more than they probably realize they're out living, their need for their assets for long-term care. And then they end up with more than they realized they needed. That's the case a lot. But some people are curious about our largest request was ever. And it was from this woman and her husband. And they created a charitable remainder trust, which is a way of moving your assets to a trust, especially if you have too much of one stock. And it's to, you know, kind of spewing your portfolio. So this woman's dad had actually started UPS. And so in 1992 they created a charitable remainder trust that gave them the ink of their life. And then when her husband passed away, we didn't have a picture of him, we didn't find her a picture. Eight charities, including the DAV, received 31,000,000, the DAV Charitable Service Trust, actually. But mostly the people who do this are just ordinary people like you. And I wanted to ask is Mike Silva in the room, we have a national service officer who's hoping to make it to the seminar, so that we could have them make some comments as to why he influenced them as well. I think he's forgotten, because I haven't met him during convention. But we do have at least one person in the room who erased his hand to just indicate he's named us in as a state plan. Brett, would you mind? Yes. And has anybody else in the room named us? You can talk to us later, you don't have to say. But just want to acknowledge you if you have. So... Hello everyone. This is somebody who's... My name's Kevin. This works for the URK NOE Air Force Retired and Vietnam Veteran. I wanted to share with you the reason why I created this video, my wife and I created this video. But first I thought it was appropriate to give you a little overview of my background. I served in Vietnam until 9, 1967, 68, rotated back to the States, in Northern California on active duty, 18 months later before May 1970, I was a sole survivor of 14 passers and a military plane crash. T-29, I crashed nine minutes after takeoff at 2,900 feet near Shelby, California. The story of my rescue when recovering my journey has been all documented in several web books, and my speaking agents around the country the last 40 years. I spent the 89 days in the intensive care unit, 18 months in the Army's Bermuda in San Antonio, Texas, medical retirement at 100% disability on October 1971. The D.A.V. was the first organization to reach out to me, as I recall, in the step-down facility at the Bermuda. I have been a member since 1973. The D.A.V. helped me get on my feet, if you will, by being the liaison between myself and the Veterans Administration in Topeka, Kansas. That led to cutting through the bureaucracy so that I could complete a double A degree at Johnson County Community College in Kansas. I had already graduated from college at the B.A.V. So that was my first experience with a disabled American Veterans. I read the magazine monthly. I'm aware of what the D.A.V. does, the mission, the vision, and how many other veterans, like me and others who haven't been admitted, have been retired. I benefited from the care, the compassion, and the dedication by the National Service Officers and the headquarters of the D.A.V. Recently, my wife and I updated our living well on trust. We both agreed, after opposing soul-searching, that one of the two organizations that I wanted to leave that we wanted to leave the proceeds from our trust, 50% of the proceeds from our trust of the disabled American Veterans. They've helped me. I admire and respect the D.A.V. My wife and I both came to that conclusion and that would be the best organization for me based on my experience with the D.A.V. to leave the proceeds, the portion of the proceeds of our trust to that organization. If any of you are thinking about leaving, donating some of your trust, finding your trust in the D.A.V. I highly encourage you to give serious consideration to it like we have, and I think that would be a wise investment to play it forward. I've had many, many people help me over the years physically, emotionally, spiritually, and this is one way where I can continue to play it forward and hopefully help some other veterans who weren't as blessed and lucky as fortunate as I was. So thank you for your time. Thank you to the D.A.V. and God bless you and God bless America. We don't get to meet the people who have done this for us. We try to eventually get around the country and meet people to thank them in person, but George is a brand new Guardian Society member who informed us of his estate plans. Firstly, he asked for the information probably really just in early June, and then I learned his story that when I talked on the phone he's actually gotten choked up about doing this, so as I said, it's often very personal and emotional for people, but he's an inspirational speaker too, so hopefully we'll get to meet him in person someday. So let's see, people see our ads in the magazine, you know, our postcard is there, and it kind of makes you open to that page even, but we talk to them on the phone, sometimes we just get those postcards back, but for people who ask about names, they'll receive this estate giving folder sort of what it is with a reply board here where they can inform us once they get around to it because many, many people, and my husband and I included, we think about redoing our estate plans or well, but don't get around to it for maybe three years. This is why we made the folder as it is here with the big tab that sticks out people's files so that you'll remember it when you can get around to it, but it tells you all the different ways you can name it. It talks a little bit about gift annuities and has every platform there as well to learn about gift annuities, and I'll be talking about them in a minute. And at the back of it, this is the estate planning really organizational side. We have really great pages to prompt people to think about everything they have and what anybody might need to know for their final plans including where your lockbox is and if you've bought a cemetery plot already and credit card information just where your bills might be. Military records are included, so I need to do this myself, but it's a great thing, it's a great step for people in your chapters to serve us.  So that's what they'll get along with a nice cover letter that talks about what we want and be sure to know if people do get around to you including us in their plans. Oh, right. And once people inform us that we're in Thursday plans a whole lot of people don't get around to informing us but again we just want to make them feel good and we feel better having had the chance to thank them in their lifetime because it's unbelievable the number of people we never ever had the chance to get to know and we could have made them feel so good and in some cases people were lonely, they'd love us to visit and we do try to do that. But we try to thank them and honor them right away through a appreciation package that Mark Burge has served as CEO National Adjutant since. So they would receive this Guardian Society Certificate of Appreciation that comes in the nice folder signed by Mark Burgess right now and signed by our Commander too and they get a lapau thin for the Guardian Society and the Guardian Society member of myself and then we have window decals so these are all things that are in the picture you can probably see better on the screen there that we place some people at so it's very, well they get to know everything for the certificate and on the certificate you can't see too well but we love people to personalize their plans we have it propped on our platforms including this one where people then tell us where they have this form that they included us in their plans we always have it propped for people to tell us that they would like their recognition and they honor to supervise memory or to even somebody in this living and so this is an example of one where Mary Elspeth has done this in memory of her husband William Jason M. and of course and then twice a year we have a Guardian Society newsletter and this is on your shears too it's actually our first local Anthony Department newsletter but within it we honor our new Guardian Society members this is our newsletter it also has a reply advice when people ask for more things including over time maybe five years from now somebody will eventually send back this postcard after they've asked for our information and eventually it's number of people who form us and win their plans in the way of this newsletter that we'll tear out this newsletter happens to have testimonials from several different kinds of donors including a stock donor this page tells exactly how to become a Guardian Society member in the ways we're talking about but it's kind of crystallized down to the three primary ways give to communities, name us in your will or trust or by way of a beneficiary designation that 15 minutes state gift and then during the page three this is our list of new Guardian Society members for this particular newsletter and you'll see in memory of certain people who love to do that and yeah, so to be sure about five or six pages good information oh right, so the way I see some of the choices for how to name us in your will that's why the way is to do the a lot of people will name you if you guys have ever seen such a brain ever in one place we were here Saturday just braincastin' talk I hope you've done that plan with any good weather trying to get out of here alright, so these are the four ways the percentage of your state the top one is a specific dollar amount a lot of people name us for a certain dollar amount the percentage of your state and I'll just note at this point that that's easily the nicest the nicest way to go about it because it's always proportional to what your true intention is so if you are thinking about naming a niece and nephew for 25% each in a charity for 10, 15, 25, 15% then at least in your children whoever you have in mind that if you do that and percentage implements then it keeps up with your intention and your time for everybody and it's just the most proportional, smartest way to make sure that your long term desires are matched by your plan so otherwise just with the depreciation of money over time you know your niece and nephew you may not get as much as you might want to you can always name a charity or a family member who then has a potential beneficiary in case the primary people or organizations you have in mind don't outlive you and that can definitely happen we have a gift to do it which I have 106 when we met her which is about 90 she was in great shape until the end so and then people can also give us as the remainder beneficiary after other requests are met and whenever it's left they can name us to receive the residual and that's a really great thing as well full-race and there's a request language but it's also in your folder so you have the choice of the dollar amount ideally the percentage as far as fate or any charity name and any family members or friends yes go back Jeremy is another great new garden side member that's right and Judy you noticed that out of the mind of the people that actually happen will it's a huge percentage of their updated right the will goes in the file and then that's where it stays forever and I've seen that happen I've had that happen so you always have to be aware of things that are changing because the way it was set up originally isn't always the way it needs to be now and you want your wishes to be carried out I mean that's what you want that's the purpose of it so there are ways that you can refresh things and one way we found is something of freewill.com it's a free website and that I want to give a free kind of a disclaimer on this I'm not encouraging you to have this take place at your state hearing or your attorney because you need their assistance but what I did find was I did this and I went through it and it helped me think through things it helps you think through things and then you can go to your state attorney and have that done because there's all kinds of nuances and different things that happen when you're establishing will that you need to make sure that your term is taken care of but at least there's a way that you start to think about it and every state is different this does keep up with the state's rates but I still don't encourage you to use this solely you need to get your attorney and start thinking and I encourage you to do that because things do change over the years so I just want to bring this up there is even a way on this site to go in and to say I do want to leave DAB is one of my beneficiaries for a percentage or an amount just like Judy had mentioned and again it just gets you thinking you need to take everything with you to your attorney but it does keep you thinking and it will actually provide that that's one of your wishes so that's a good way to let us know but you can just pick up the phone as well there are things out there like this you all probably have some resources like that that you found too just be careful but it's a good way to get things to think through things like I said, there's a high percentage of people that haven't already been outdated there's a high percentage of people who don't have a role at all and this might just be a good way to kind of jumpstart things so I just want to bring it up actually I was at a conference and they referred to this as the five minute estate gift such an easy way to name the charity as by way of beneficiary designations but the average person who tries to go to a website to find the form or if you call to ask for the form that will ever I figure it takes at least 15 minutes at least for anybody my age and I'm 60 Jeremy in the crowd here has done this it took me two minutes but that was after we found the right form on the website oh well but all of these assets typically passed by beneficiary designations bank or checking accounts are all been included in the will but typically especially the other assets are typically passed by outside of the will or trust because of the beneficiary designations and usually it drops what might be in the will so it's important to know what you've said in each place and to look at it periodically and update your beneficiary should have passed away included but those are easy ways to think about naming any charity in your church in your estate plans without having to update your will necessarily and so many assets working people of age older and younger people of course but so many assets people have didn't quite exist or weren't popular until the 80s a lot of these instruments came in in the 70s but didn't really be in time and time in place until the 80s so the old days people wouldn't only talk about naming charity in their will but increasingly so many things pass outside of your will as I mentioned that over time it's thought that the will will only be the backup plan for a lot of people my mom has almost everything set up to pass by beneficiary designations and my father who already died did as well and so for anybody who's thinking about naming the charity or the church in their estate plans if you're thinking that way already you want to think about the smartest things to give or at least to consider giving and retirement assets that are left to a non-spouse at least are poor heavily taxed and instead if you name a charity for any percentage or possibly the entire asset the beauty of that is the charity will benefit from the full amount versus if it had been left to a non-spouse income taxes or due etc it depletes the gift and you might as well leave other assets to those family members or friends if you're already thinking about being charitable always talk about the financial advisor or the financial or tax advisor we're not attorneys or tax advisors we're ordinary people who doesn't kind of get the word out and again so many people have to hear a message many times get many newsletters before they get around to get around to actually putting us under state plans but we understand that it's a slow drip drip but charities who have been doing this forever and hiring staff accordingly are seeing you know even larger benefits of the state giving the Salish army is the charity I love to quote starting in the 50s they started using their request income then to hire planned giving officers and the last time they had hundreds of years but they already had 100 people just in that area and therefore are in every state of the country who are still new to this so now we're going to transition to other ways people can give their lifetimes we'll not spend much time at all on the simple things I'll tell you about at the end but the first way I'll mention it's in a state gift and effect because we'll benefit after that person's lifetime but gift annuities in the magazine is twice a year it's a way to give to a favorite charity most major charities have a gift annuity program but it's a way to give a larger gift usually a minimum for any charity is 10,000 or more a lot of charities might even have a 25,000 minimum but ours is 10 so you can give through a gift annuity program and then what happens is we have a set of rates that are advised by a national board that advises charities on what rates are safe to offer so that the charity can be sure it can meet its obligation to the donor to give them fixed payments for as long as they live and that if they're married the payments can continue to a survivor and the rates are far higher than what people can typically get from fixed investments so they don't like gift annuities for that they're not a financial instrument we never want people to think that if you are an AARP member and you read their newsletters you'll see advertisements for New York life annuities those are commercial annuities that always have higher rates but annuities are a way to receive fixed income fixed payments for your life but there's many kinds of commercial annuities these are gift annuities that will benefit a charity that passes away so those fixed payments are largely tax free because the donor's own principal gradually trickles back to them through the payments for x number of years and they can be funded by cash most people write as checks but if people have appreciated stocks that's a great thing to give because a big chunk of the capital gains is erased by doing a gift annuity and then the rest of the capital gains is gradually spread out through the payments so I hope I'm not going to make you blaze over because I'm trying to be best on this because they can be a little confusing but they're really pretty simple the charity manages it we have a bank that makes the payments for us a gift to us that gives income for life for one or two people and then at the end whatever is left from what the donor originally gave us that goes towards veteran programs and it's always a big help we've had this program since 1995 and it's a really long time for us we have a large number of people a very large pool of donors which makes it all the safer but we hold what people give us in a separate reserve fund that's not attached for any reason other than to make the payments so there's a little bit of a graph that makes any sense to people give to us and then it creates a really binding contract we send to the donors so that they have something that guarantees to them that we will make those payments for life and to their spouse if they're married and then from that point on the donor receives payments in their monthly or quarter way if they want they can have them once a year fix payments and then the arrow to the right there shows in effect after the life cycle then the remainder goes to the D&E charitable service trust so what we usually send people is a $10,000 illustration of benefits before I forget in this newsletter here you can always tear out the reply part and it always has a place for you to give your date of birth and if you're married your spouse's date of birth send that in or you can leave it with me today and we'll send you the package out but this gives you an idea of the rates, the payout rate the order you are, the better the rate these rates are went up for the first time and not that long ago for the first time in seven years so the rates in the folder are actually a little tiny bit updated they've gone up since then so now the highest rate is 9.5% so now you can see what that translates to for payments per year so for that 9 year old $950 in payments we would divide that by 12 or 4 if you wanted monthly versus quarterly payments and then the next college shows what ratio of the income is tax-free so the older you are the greater that portion of the tax-free income that it is and that people can also claim at one time insurable deduction people can high-priced these days but a lot of people will cluster try to load up their gifts in one year so they can high-priced every other year and two-life rates are usually ever take about a percentage lower so per 10,000 about $100 less per year we definitely have people who have given us $100,000 to $200,000 a lot of people do repeat gift abilities we have one man who did 1.6 million in gift abilities over time so otherwise people can give in their lifetime gifts that take planning that are more than just a simple writing check so many people have stopped some mutual funds and don't realize that that's the smartest tax-wise way to give because the charity when it receives those assets because we don't pay income tax and effective charities tax exempt we benefit from that full amount of the asset we want to give stocks of mutual funds but it needs to be transferred to the charity we send people, talk to people and give them information we don't publish it on our website it's safer enough to get out account numbers and all of that it's another great way to maximize gift and then it saves you the capital gains from having sold the appreciated stock but I always remember an article in our Cincinnati Fire a newspaper saying that even wealthy people don't realize they can and should be doing that so we don't want to do it for a small gift amount but usually at least a thousand dollars and that makes it more worthwhile to go through that process of asking how to do it and so on and then the new thing as of four or five years ago the IRS now made this a permanent law so for people who have IRAs and once you get to be 70 and a half you have to take your minimum part distribution that's taxable income for people and a lot of people don't want to increase their taxable income for a lot of reasons and so that's another great way that people can give to us we benefit by a little more it helps them tax wise and I think the red that it can help with your Medicare premiums because I guess it sold the base for a great time too so many reasons the IRS doesn't allow you to deduct those gifts because they would otherwise consider that double the tax benefits but I guess we're over here at the end but this is our contact I'm the primary contact for estate gifts and gift annuities and usually we have these two people in the office where about a person can test a annuizer's cost to and there's our toll free number and our general email address is that but I have my personal email address there if you have somebody who might be interested in making larger gifts or in their lifetime that's something for John's team of people who work out in the field so that's his contact information at the top and then on our website that's part of our website but rather than go through all the navigation tools within our website that's the direct navigation and then from there you can see more lengthy articles and you can write your own gift annuity illustrations that you want to be private about what you're thinking about and then again my cards in the back of the folder that we've been very polite to you about the questions but um can people think of any questions they have I actually have a probate attorney who press but yeah this is more the only notification to receive from both of them during somebody's lifetime if you invite them to give us more information if they'd like they can definitely send us a copy of their will or the financial instrument that this year reform a copy of that the requirements get those documents started off all of that much the second question is the request of the DAP that will fund or does it go to some of the streets of the foundation it normally goes to the DAP all day long we have people in my office area who take calls from customers who think for an underboard to say that it's largely their four funds that are the largest program which is one of the better things of the year for our main program starting the job years a few years ago those are all those things that the majority of our funding is desing so what kind of request language I have a voice that doesn't project so did you hear that everybody I tried that um the request language in the estate planning quarter at the end of that language it gives you an example of the transportation network it's best to ideally name one of our primary programs that will always be there it can be hard for us to manage certain things like wheelchairs something when we don't exactly do that sort of thing but sometimes people will name things so specific that we don't exactly even necessarily do so ideally we prefer people make in general but you can definitely designate an existing program that's important for us so yeah more questions okay thanks yeah go ahead everybody name the things go tell us now we're going to be on job 18 in the heart of Georgia is your total work presentation available online so far we can make it available we can send it to you yeah I'm sure we can work better you're just getting it we can add yeah for sure you just you know me or it could be your car but you have one yeah thank you Braskin this will be on youtube this will be on youtube in the next couple of days possibly tonight let's check on youtube okay okay I have a bit of a bubble too much my next question if we wanted to leave something to our local chapter does maybe have something set up where we wanted a percentage of whatever we request to national it can also lead us to come on down to your local chapter in general people when they're giving to the national it stays with the national but if you were to ask by way of your booklist language for it to benefit your chapter we can accommodate that for sure but otherwise you could use that similar language if you have somebody within your chapter that you want to talk to for gifts on your chapter level the national DAV has all the programs you know and it depends perhaps on the size of the donors gift on the chapter level you have programs that can support that to make really good use of it but definitely it's a great thing for chapters 2 the size of the chapters especially if you have defined programs but you're planning to be able to already talk about this yeah definitely I even have a few more pieces with me that are in a box because I can come up with some words later one of the things you bring up for a really good point obviously everyone in this room cares about DAV and it's charitable intent which would be here if that wasn't the case so in a sense not only are we supporters and donors of the mission DAV were ambassadors to carry this message to others because this is how it works each one tells somebody else about this this is a great thing and it's a wonderful way to feel good for the organization for the future generations that are coming behind us so I think the ambassador part of it is just as important as each of us doing this so I really hope that you encourage you to share with others because that's how I think to make a difference really so we'll definitely start being more visible with all of this because I don't think I've noted our potential our professor's income has grown so much but yet we haven't even scratched the surface for what's potential for us we have one sophisticated man who assessed our database and said that we have 1.7 million good to excellent request prospects we have so many people who have given for 25 years more of those small gifts and people like that are perfect to at least hear the message and think about it good I'm going to wind the TV up so and my question is to update you in that time frame you should do it just based on what you have in the surface next to us that's a pretty good question why not? we're talking about updating time frame you want to that's right that's really good that's the best danger why will you have capacity that's the best I know of that's very good yeah that's the best thing you could do for your family as state plans if they're not well laid out it brings a family together or potentially tears a family apart we all know probably within even our own families cases where that has happened so most people want to go for sure but until you have a child so they appoint a guardian inside your state plan but as people you might have had included in your will or other state plan as they pass away that's one reason to update if you move states you want to if you just start thinking about a trust instead of a will we didn't talk about trust especially popular west coast and they'd largely help to avoid probate plus assets pass really quickly after you've died do you have any other helpful thoughts for us being a probate yeah don't so your executor is scratching their head make sure what your attention is to look at that as clear and if you have a question about anything just cause I mean we're there to help we're really we're just who you are I think you know as you know DAB leaders everybody's just in this together and so we just have stewards of this part of the organization just give us a call we'd love to talk to you more about have a question about just even that just give us a call complex simple we'll try to invest in a can to answer in the right direction we're just here to carry the message and to encourage you to consider this this is a great organization because we know the mission you're already part of the family just the height that you're here in you're not even involved with DAB it's big help to be a member just even that but the very fact that you're here and you're involved on the chapter department level I think a lot of people this week for what I assume is you know giving DAB their near lives by being this involved so you're making a huge difference and everything else you do and this is another step that's right for you and if not you can be potentially a ambassador within your chapter and one more thing to I keep thinking you but when we're ambassadors of things if you'll notice in the magazine and the newsletter that you have some people will step up and say you know I'll get my testimonies do I support me and so I'd encourage you if you're going to do this you have done this for DAB allow us to tell your story because your story is like somebody else's out there and with a million people that see this magazine every time it's published I mean it's millions of times somebody's going to see this somebody might hear your story and say you know what I can do that and that's how it's going to happen too so that helps within your membership for this issue allow us to tell your story and everybody's got a story and they're inspirational and they're heartfelt and that's what this is all about you know I there's something I just love this quote it says the true meaning of life is to plant trees under whose shade you don't expect to sit and I think that's what this is all about planting trees where shade's going to shade somebody else's future and if we don't do it the future's not going to be there so as G said there's so many in this organization that could be doing this what a difference that could make because we're going to unfortunately continue to exist as there are wars and people that are fighting for our freedom on yourselves or injured so we want to be there for them and even better than what it has been thank you guys for coming I appreciate your time