Ranger Bill, warrior of the woodland. Struggling against extreme odds. Traveling dangerous trails. Fighting the many enemies of nature. This is the job of the guardian of the forest, Ranger Bill. Pouring rain, freezing cold, blistering heat, snow, floods, bears, rattlesnakes, mountain lions. Yes all this in exchange for the satisfaction and pride of a job well done. You know boys and girls, we're an awfully take it for granted lot, now aren't we? Sure we are. We take the sun for granted, but what if it stopped burning and sending its beneficial warmth and rays upon the earth? We take God for granted. What if he should turn his face against us? What if he took away his counsel and guidance? Remember from the books of Malachi to Matthew, God didn't reveal himself to man. God was silent. What if he were to be silent toward us today? Oh but God wouldn't do that, we say. Or would he? There are a lot of tragic things that occurred a man, but today we're going to hear about the most tragic of all. The man who lost God. A series of events took place in Naughty Pine that were very confusing to say the least. That is until we got all the parts of the puzzle put together and were able to fit them. It's a Sunday morning now and church is over. He comes right to the point. Mornings, Ben? Oh, hello, Mary, how's your father? Bill, hiya, Sid, glad you're here to be out. Bill? Yes, Bill, what's on your mind? Did you notice the man who came in late? He sat way back in the corner. With the heavy beer? Yes, that's right. He left right after the benediction, even before the pastor got back to the door. Yeah, he's a stranger around here, Henry. I've never seen him before. I wonder who he is, why he comes in late and leaves early. Well, if he doesn't want to talk with folks, that's his business panel. Sure, but we'll leave an old hermit, Harry, talks to folks on Sunday morning. Well, this guy doesn't want to talk to a soul. Mr. Nickel, Stumpy, I can see smoke on top of Ranger Back Ridge. You can, huh? There must be a campfire. There ain't nothing to burn up there otherwise. I'll say there isn't. Just the same, you know what to do. Yep, I'll take care of it, young fella. I'll have the plane go over and take a look. That gray wolf is flying patrol right now. Okay, I'll be talking to you. Bye. No way! Arrange one to patrol five. Come in! Tom reports smoke on top of Ranger Back Ridge. You better say, show you over and take a look. I'll be waiting. Over and out. And with the radio? Old timer? Sure am. Ever since there was a boy who wanted to play with the radio, this was my chance. Why do you fellas were gone? Okay, old friend. What's up, if anything? Tom just called in about smoke on top of Ranger Back Ridge. I asked Gray Wolf, take a look. He said he called back in ten minutes or so. There's nothing on top of Ranger Back Ridge to burn, unless you can burn rock. That's probably just a campfire routine check. Moose McBane. Hello, Moose. Oh, the Moose! Oh, boys, this is just like Moose come home again. You fellas warm up Moose's heart. She feels good to come to old friends. Now drag over chair and sit down, Moose. Hey, you look like you're eating pretty good, Moose. Moose eat very good. Traff work hard and give Moose good catch. Now, Moose, take it easy. Come warm weather, fix up house. How are your boys? Ah, they grow big and strong like young tree. They're good Christians, too. That's mighty fine. I take it by the look on your face. This isn't social call, Moose. You're right, Bill. Maybe Moose finds something pretty hot. Maybe it's nothing. Moose think he better come and tell you. All right, go ahead. Maybe somebody try burn up animals in mountain. Maybe animals have hoof and mouth disease. Moose, you think somebody's trying to destroy animals that have hoof and mouth disease? Yes. Moose find burn carcass of animals on top of razor back ridge. You shouldn't have come in here. Then you might have it on your shoes. No. Moose see smoke and go look. I stay far away because I think about hoof and mouth disease first. Did you see man or men? Nobody. Let's get our upper gear together, men, and ride out to razor back ridge. There's place ahead. Hold up, fellows. I'll get your rubber coats and hats. You'll have some boots on, fellas. Moose, you stay here. Sorry I haven't got an extra set of gear for you. Oh, that's all right. Somebody's going to be in serious trouble. This is all for the mouth disease and they didn't report it. I'm ready. I'm ready, too. All right, let's go take a look at those carcasses. Somebody put your cattle in sheep here. Remember now, don't accidentally touch your face after you've handled these carcasses. Just look around. Oh, a mess. Amateur work. These critters don't look disease to me, do they? They not have hoof and mouth disease. I agree. These were healthy animals. Oh, boy. Well, that's a load of grief gone. You said it, pal. What do you think's going on up here? That's a mighty good question, sonny. A mighty good one.  I guess old Moose didn't act so smart as he thought he did. He chased you way out here for nothing. Not at all, Moose. You did the right thing. Suppose you had been right. Maybe that one way to look at it. Mine, too. Whoever's doing this butchering probably was watching us. Probably saw Moose come along then hightailed for town. Well, we aren't going to accomplish a thing. Can't track the person or person over the rocks. Moose, think you're right. Have you got any better ideas, Stumpy?  I don't see brand marks on cattle. Atta boy, gray wolf. Gentlemen, there's not a thing we can do until somebody piles a complaint. As far as I can see, nobody's broken the law. You say right. There's no law against put your animals as long as you not steal them. For animals, take animals out of season for over a lemon. Do you suppose that's the fire that Tom saw? Yes, I do, pal. It doesn't add up. I'll be patient. It will sooner or later. How do you do, sir? Here's my credentials. May I see them, Mr. Fenton? Sure, if he strives. Thank you. Well, what can we do for you, Mr. Fenton? Forget the mister. Just call me off. I hear you're the big Johnny law out this way. Well, then my jurisdiction I am. I am the chief ranger. Our job is to take care of the forests. Enforcing the law is secondary, but we do it with a vengeance when is necessary.  Big heroes. Oh, see here, Mr. Eastern dude. One more wisecrack like that. You look... Okay, okay, Daddy arm. Listen, you young whippersnapper! Stumpy, stumpy. Calm down. It's not worth it to get angry with, man. Say what's on your mind. Sure, sure. Our big family back east has got a middle-aged son. He's missing, and they seem to figure he might have had the urge to go west, young man, you know? That right? What's with the phone? Let's be patient. I'm checking with the sheriff. Now, Bill, have you got a missing person who's on a middle-aged Eastern man? Thanks, Cal. Sure, goodbye. No soap, huh? That's right. I could have told you that. Family wants to keep this quiet, prominent name and all that sort of stuff, you know? Why did he disappear? I don't know. Everything was fine, and all of a sudden he just took off. Like that. What makes you think he came out here? No, I have my own private reasons.  Why, we do a job you get paid to do. Yeah, probably a pretty handsome salary. Retainer, man. Retainer. Hello, Bill speaking. There's a fire on top of Eagle's Roast. A burning rocks again, Tom? Could be. Larry's flashing me. He sees it, too. What do you want us to do? Just sit tight to report any more if they occur. Yes, sir. I'll wear this time, Bill. Eagle's Roast. This is getting the earmarks of a humdinger! Do you suppose it was for the same reason? We'll have to find that out. Hey, what are you fellas trying to do? Give me the double whammy? What are you talking about?  Personal secrets, Orv. You know how it goes. Okay, okay, I dig it. Well, let me go back to the hotel and clean up. I'll come back and level with you guys. All right, can you ride a horse? Sure. I will take a ride when you get back. Make it snappy. Bill, what about this private eye? Well, what about him, pal? Well, he seems to be pretty much a wise guy to me. Oh, I don't think so. I don't agree, sonny. I'll back Henry's idea. Listen, fellas, it looks like we're going to have enough problems without one overall. He talks like that all the time. That's his language. You're right, Bill. I feel that way too after he talked a while. We're just not used to his lingua here. Right, and he's not used to ours. I think he's all right. Here I am. Let's go. Good idea. Come on, fellas. The same thing. This is a burn carcass of cattle and sheep. I'm telling you, this is getting weird. What's the purpose of all this? It looks to me like somebody's flipped his lid or something. I don't kind of a clod would do this. Why do you guys drag me all the way up here just to see these smelly carcasses? You'll catch on after a while. What are you doing with your glasses? You can't spot anybody up here. I'm trying to pick out the next spot where this will take place. You sound like you got an idea as to what's going on, young fella. I'll say it does. Just be patient, fellas. I'll tell you in due time. I don't dig this at all. Keep your pyjamas on, sonny. You'll dig that sooner or later, and it won't take a shovel to do it. What do you think, Bill? That flat ridge to the right of Strait of Mump. That'll be the next place. Are you sure? Yep. Well, let's get back to town. We've got to be over there before noon tomorrow. I just don't dig you, Squares. Everything's a mystery.  You can ski that'll any time you want, since you ain't got much use for our Squares. Take it easy, Daddy-o. I've got an idea that number one ranger knows or suspects something that might have to do with what I'm after. I'd be the Square if I left now. Isn't that right, oh Chief of the Secret Service? Personal secrets, Orville. You know how it goes. Why, my trolley must really be sighing down to hang around with you Wild West badge-toters. Be patient, Private Eye. Just be patient. You will find out that us Johnny Laws out here usually know what we're doing. Well, it's pain, man. Real pain. But I'll bear on to it. These secrets are killing me, though. So do yours. Let's get going. Well, stop here! How do we have to walk? Two miles. What did you bring the horses for? You rags, honey. We gotta sneak up on that flat ridge engine style if we're gonna find out anything. Engine style? I don't know anything about that. You follow me and walk way I do. You learned. All right, let's get going. We haven't got too much time. Somebody's coming.  You have two sheep and steer. He got wood strapped on back of steer. Look, he carried Bible. Shh, quiet, everybody.  He's making an old testament sacrifice. He's crazy as a lure. He's really off his rocker. Shh, you fellas. You let him put your steer, too. He's not committing a crime. Boy, this is just like being back in the time of Moses. To leave here quietly, fellas. Don't make a sound. It's an order. We'll sit here until the horses drink their fill.  You really think he's out of his mind, don't you?  It certainly is crazy. He's not even a fruitcake. He's trying to agree with Orville for once. That sure looks strange. I don't know what to think. Who am I to say the man's insane? I'm not afraid to say it. I think you ought to pick him up. On what charge, Private I? He's a minister of the public. How? Well, okay. What's your explanation? I think he's looking for God. Looking for God? Man, what has religion got to do with this? Recognize, oh, testament. Sacrifice, ritual. Now, what would a shamer like me be doing with a Bible? Well, you say make pretty good sense. Like ducks. Okay, but why the sacrifice? I don't know. But, pal, did you recognize him? No, I can't say that I... Wait a minute. The beard. The man in the pack of the church last Sunday. Right. Well, knock me over with a feather. What now? We'll meet this gentleman after church next Sunday morning. Excuse me, sir. Yes, Mr. Jefferson, how do you do? You know my name? Oh, yes. I also know what you'd want to talk about. Oh. You see, I saw you and your men visit two of the places on the ridges. Well, that doesn't surprise me, Mr... Noah Thomas, Mr. Jefferson. Noah? Hey, he's... Don't embarrass the gentleman. Oh, it's quite all right. Under the circumstances, I can understand your surprise.  There's my mother, Henry, and myself, and two of my aides and personal friends. We'd like you to join us. It's our usual practice to invite strangers to dinner. Well, thank you, Mr.... Uh, let's make it bill. Well, thank you, Bill. I'd be glad to come. That sure was good. I appreciate this dinner invitation more than you know. I lead a rather lonely life, and my cooking gets tiresome. It's not the best. You're very welcome. It's our privilege. Let's go into the living room and chat a while, huh? I got the big easy chair! Okay, Sandy. Boy, am I full. You speak truth, Henry. You've been very kind, Bill. I'm sure you want an explanation about my actions. Yes. We observed your third sacrifice, Noah. Unknown to you, of course. Sacrifice? Oh, but of course you recognized it. That doesn't surprise me. Bill, to be very blunt and to the point, I've lost God. Why don't you start from the beginning? All right. I'm a highly educated man, Bill. I have five degrees. Three doctorates and two masters. When I was a teenage lad, the Holy Spirit dealt with me about my sinful soul. I turned him down. I was too young, I said. When I was in college, the Holy Spirit talked with me again at great length. I turned away. I'm too intelligent, I said, and too busy getting an education. Five years later, the Holy Spirit dealt again with me about my sinful condition. He wrestled with me would be a better word. I didn't sleep for weeks, and I couldn't work. Finally, he left me. That was ten years ago, and God's Spirit has never dealt with me since. Not one word has he spoken to me. Now I want to accept Jesus Christ as my savior, and I can't. How do you know you can't have salvation, Noah? For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. And the Lord said, my spirit shall not always strive with men. The Lord is not slack concerning His promise, as some men count slackness. It is long-suffering to us, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. For great is the wrath of the Lord kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened under the words of this book. Kiss the son lest he be angry, and you perish from the way when his wrath is kindled but a little. He that heareth my word and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation, but is passed from death unto life. If thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. Cast me not away from thy presence, and take not thy Holy Spirit from me. The whole terrible truth is summed up in Romans 8.16. The Spirit itself beareth witness with our Spirit that we are the children of God.  Yes, that's right. I have truly lost God. Oh, hold on there, young fellow. Seems to me that you know an awful lot about the Scriptures. It appears to me that the Holy Spirit has dealt with you, illuminated your mind, and opened up the secrets of the Scriptures to you. That's right, Stumpy, but that was ten years ago. Why do you want so desperately to find God now? My time has run out, Bill. I have only days left. I'm dying of cancer. I'm sorry. Bill, can you pray to God for me? Can you persuade him to send the Holy Spirit to me? Can you help me find God? We will pray with you, Noah, right now, until you receive the assurance of salvation. Can't you understand that first I've got to find God? I've lost Him. His Spirit has departed from me just like He did from Saul. Pray that God will send His Spirit back. That's no use, gentlemen. I have grieved the Holy Spirit. It happened in the Scriptures, and it's happened to me. We prayed for three hours now. Perhaps you'd like to rest while we pray on, Noah. I can't stop you from praying, but you're wasting your time. Why have you gone to the Old Testament sacrifices? A desperate man does anything he thinks might help. Moses talked with God on a mountain. Abraham went up to the mountain to offer his son. God was there. You know how many men of God have talked with him on mountains. The Lord Jesus Himself drew apart from the others and talked with His Heavenly Father in the mountain. And that's where I'm going. Back to the mountains. Maybe I can find God there. That's Noah's story, Orville. I thought you should know because he's the man you're looking for, isn't it? He sure is. He's wacky. Real wacky. Well, I have time right now to convince you he isn't. Henry called the pastor and asked him to come quickly. Right away. Stumpy, Grey Wolf, go to the neighbors and phone the deacons and elders. They must come at once too. All right, Bill. I'll call Tom in from Tower Three and he can take over headquarters until we're sure that Noah is safely in the kingdom of God. Hello? Bill, I'm sorry to have to interrupt, but the seismograph shows earth tremors in this area. Where in particular, Tom? Around Eagle's Roast and Straight Up Mountain. Hey, that's where Noah's heading. We'll go right after him. Get Stumpy and Grey Wolf, Henry, and come along quickly. I'm heading for the office to get Orville. I'll have the horses ready. Right. Stumpy, you go to Racerback Ridge. Grey Wolf, you go to Eagle's Roast. And Orville, Henry and I will go to Straight Up Mountain. Fire three rounds if you find him. Right. Watch the ground so it don't open up under you. I can feel them tremors in their hidden eyes. We'll keep our eyes open. I'm going ahead on storm. Orville, you stay with Henry. He's not here. I hope we didn't miss him altogether. Why don't we look out for ourselves? The crazy man will make out all right. One more crack like that and I'll belch you on your private eye. Use your glasses. It's Stumpy. Let's go. Noah, can you hear me? He's opening his eyes. Jesus. Jesus. Then you found God. I asked God for a sign just to me. Look at his face. He's smiling and peaceful. Yes. He found the Lord. What about the tremor? Was that a sign from God? Who can say of? I know the Lord isn't willing that any should perish. He'll move heaven and earth if necessary to bring one of his children home. Gentlemen, I'm beginning to think that there might be something to this. It almost seems as if we're standing on holy ground and that God is here. Perhaps someone listening today is searching for God. You're in need of salvation through Jesus Christ. You've looked for God everywhere and can find him. Well, go to your pastor or a Christian friend. They'll be glad to introduce you to our Savior and His cross. And there you will find God and peace. Well, see you next week for more adventure with...


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discuss the following question which says, find the product minus 2 upon 7 x square y multiplied by minus 3 upon 5 y square z multiplied by minus 7 upon 6 z square x. And verify the result for x equal to 1, y equal to 2 and z equal to 3. Let's move on to the solution now. We need to find the product of minus 2 upon 7 x square y multiplied by minus 3 upon 5 y square z multiplied by minus 7 upon 6 z square x. So this is equal to minus 2 upon 7 multiplied by minus 3 upon 5 multiplied by minus 7 upon 6. And this whole is multiplied by x square y multiplied by y square z multiplied by z square x. Now 7 cancels with the 7, then 2, 3 times the 6, 3 cancels with the 3. So we are left with minus 1 upon 5 multiplied by x to the power. Now we will add the powers of x that is 2 and 1 multiplied by y. We will add the powers of y that is 1 and 2 multiplied by z. We will add the powers of z that is 1 and 2. So this is further equal to minus 1 upon 5 multiplied by x cube, y cube, z cube. So we get this is equal to minus x cube, y cube, z cube upon 5. This is the product as we have minus 2 upon 7 x square y multiplied by minus 3 upon 5 y square z multiplied by minus 7 upon 6 z square x. Is equal to minus x cube, y cube, z cube upon 5. Now we will do the verification. So when we have x equal to 1, y equal to 2 and z equal to 3 then consider the LHS. We substitute the values for x, y and z as 1, 2 and 3 respectively in the LHS. That is this expression. So this would be equal to minus 2 upon 7 into 1 square into 2 into minus 3 upon 5 into 2 square into 3 into minus 7 upon 6 into 3 square into 1. This is further equal to minus 4 upon 7 into minus 36 upon 5 into minus 21 upon 2. Now 7, 3 times is 21, 2, 2 times is 4. So this is equal to minus 216 upon 5. That is we have LHS is equal to minus 216 upon 5. Now let's consider the LHS and we put x equal to 1, y equal to 2 and z equal to 3 in this LHS. So we get this would be equal to minus 1 cube, 2 cube, 3 cube upon 5. This is equal to minus 1 into 8 into 27 upon 5. So this is further equal to minus 216 upon 5. This is the LHS. So as you can see that LHS and RHS are equal. So hence verified this complete C session. Hope you have understood the solution for this question.


So we're now on to the part of council called we call council initiated discussion up until now we've been force feeding you information that we think will be of interest to you and good for you. And this is Your chance to push back on us and tell us you've waited until 435 to for us to give you the floor. We've used this time to solicit Ideas things that you want to draw to our attention may be issues that we're not paying enough attention to or topics that you might want to hear the Institute report back Please pardon the interruption. Your conference contains less than three participants at this time. Hang up. If you would like to continue press star one now or the conference will be terminated. Please terminate the conference. So Eric's actually going to run this the floor is open. Joe Eric something's been nagging at me all afternoon that Jill pointed out. And although I'm not in this field. I heard a lot today about big data and bioinformatics and how we're going to have to train all these people yet I saw that Given the variance a little slight dip in the bioinformatics support for funding and I wonder if that in part isn't due to what you pointed out in your slide was these open positions. Two open positions in fact for staff to really put forward the initiatives maybe in that. Is that part of the potential dip. Jeff you may want to move closer to a microphone because I'm going to ask you to make a comment. By the way I But I do want to point I do want to point out that A analysis like like the ones you're referring to they have air bars around them because a lot of it is a function of how we're coding you know grants parts of our portfolio and all that. So, you know, I but I'll look to other senior leadership here to weigh in. I don't think there is any systematic decline in our investment. And I mean I'm not claiming that it's on the uptick. I think it's pretty. I think it's pretty steady state. But as I'm going to ask Jeff to come in a minute. I mean, there have been issues around our ability of just being able to tread water in that area with enough Program director folks working on stuff. And I'll also point out that and also to be fair that the last boy. It's the better part of the last year. We have been sucked in. We starting with me. Mark Geier and then about three or four of our Biomechanics program have really been pulled into This b2k initiative at the NIH level to stand it up. And so even though with none of the spare time that anybody had that almost became especially over the summer. I can tell you just last summer just huge amounts of work. So I think there's a lot of and those aren't excuses. But I actually don't think it's a real decline. But it's also not a growth area. It hasn't been even though we need it to be. It's one of the reasons why we're advertising to positions. But So, Joey, you're you're absolutely right. And we have a bandwidth problem. And Terry alluded to it in terms of the genomic medicine program and the genomic sciences program. I would posit has a more when we're like we're running a lot of very large programs, complicated programs, the people who have the best ability to contribute to the development of the next program on and some of these got kicked to FY 15 because we couldn't finish them in FY 13 or FY 14. Maybe a very difficult problem, right? Be difficult. Yes. Oh, yeah. That's why we need your help. Other Comments, thoughts, things you want to see it where we may as September Council topics, September or next February, either satisfied them or exhausted them or both. Yeah, Joe. I just want to emphasize the informatics portfolio strategy comment that I made early this morning. As a possible Do I have to go through the whole thing? No, no. As a as a possible topic for either September. Yeah, no, no, we've got it. Yeah.  We want to make sure we have all the right information. No, no, I understand. I just think there is a little bit of urgency because of what else is going on. Good. Nothing else. Okay. Back to you. All right. So a couple more things to do before we close out the open session. It's my duty to draw to your attention. A couple of things that you can find in the Electronic Council book. The first is a quarterly report. Sorry, wrong page. So the document itself. There's a report on administrative actions, again, found in the Electronic Council book. I think in this case there are three supplements that were made to NHGRI grants. The next is the funding actions from the most recent council that we refer back to what we talked about in February, what we reviewed what you approved in February, you can see the list of awards that have been made there. And the last is the expedited council concurrence report. The three members there are Howard, Amy, and who's my third person on it? Jim. Okay. These are largely SBIR and STTR applications that were reviewed this round. The three of them looked them over and reviewed them, gave feedback to the institute. It allows the institute to start on a rapid pace to make awards sooner than later. And again, in that report, you'll see the list of awards that we propose to make. Okay. The last thing is the reading of the conflict of interest. And Monica, do you want to bring comfort in? Okay, she's ready to go. Presentations from today's open session. There are a lot of presentations that we don't have available there. So the presentations are being sent to me right now. I've gotten a couple of them. We will post them on the website. You can go to the agenda and they'll be clickable there. Okay. All right. So at your desk in the folders, or at your places at the folders, there should be a copy of the conflict of interest form. We'll ask you to pull it out and sign it. And comfort will come around and collected from you. But I'm going to read the chant. This will certify that in the review of applications conducted by the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research on February 11 and 12, 2013, I absented myself and did not participate in the discussion of nor vote on. Any application in which I, or to my knowledge, my spouse, child, or close professional associate has a financial interest, nor on any application from an organization or institution where I am an employee, consultant, officer, director, or trustee, or am negotiating for employment, or otherwise have a financial interest. In council actions in which we voted on a block of applications without discussing any individual one, the so-called on-block actions, my vote did not apply to any application from any institution fulfilling the criteria in the preceding paragraph. So say we all. So please sign that form. And unless I've missed something, I think we're done with the open session. And do you want to gavel us into a transition to... So as we decide what time we're going to reconvene, we will take a break until, while we say right till five o'clock? How about five till five? I think we can clear the room by then. All right. So we will close the open session. And let's plan, just take a break now for about ten minutes. And we will reconvene at five minutes to five. And we'll probably go about one hour or so. Isn't that about our plan? I hope closer to 45 minutes, but it all depends on how talkative you are.


How much history is there in a grain of rice or in a bowl full of such grains? These kinds of bowls fill the stomachs of billions of people on a daily basis, making rice one of the most important food crops that we have. But when, where, how, and why did rice become one of the cornerstones of so many of our diets and societies? To understand how rice farming has changed the world, I look deep into the past. I investigate the early advent of agriculture on Taiwan over 4,000 years ago. That is the time when rice farming first moved to Taiwan from mainland, presumably leading to population growth and to the further dispersal of people together with their cultures, genes and languages from Taiwan to the Asia-Pacific, creating the world that we know today. However, the role of rice farming in this process is still quite poorly understood, and part of the reason is that rice, like all plants, dies, decays and usually disappears from the record. So how can we archaeologists attempt to understand ancient agriculture that lies far beyond the reach of our written and spoken records? On the screen here, you can see a rice plant. And over there, you can see what is called a phytolith, or a plant stone, magnified thousands of times its real size. And it is these microscopic particles that are a key through which I am trying to unlock ancient agriculture. And this is possible because when a plant grows, it draws up silicone from the soil and locks it within its cells and tissues. And as the plant decays, these hardened, silica particles are dispersed back into the environment where they can survive for thousands of years. In my lab, I have more than 20 kilos of soil imported from Taiwan. And from that, I'm using chemistry to extract these ancient plant stones in order then to compare them to the plant stones that I know exist in modern living plants. Thereby allowing me to reconstruct what people were eating and cultivating thousands of years ago. This is a long and still ongoing process. So while I might not be able to write the chapter on early rice quite yet, what I want to leave you with tonight is one request. The next time you are enjoying that bowl of rice, I would like to invite you to reflect for a moment on just how much history you in fact are consuming. And also what kinds of tiny traces you might be leaving behind for future generations to study in order to better understand how our choices, how our habits created the world that they inherited from us. Thank you.


For the last three days, our registration went up from 432 to 854. I don't know where are the people now, maybe they're still at home and join a little bit later. Yeah, but we have a lot of people are here and our goal is always to bring developers together and contributors, designers, actually people who do something and I see already a lot of faces who I've known for a long time contributing to free open-source software and now 2015 we're also more and more seeing other topics, not just like software, we also see hardware, we see design and I saw some friends here who are working on fashion and technology, so this is exciting. The idea of collaboration, sharing and learning is expanding to more and more areas. Yes, because we have so many different areas to take a closer look at our program, you can download our fresh event app for Asia event app. So it's available on our website and also this is an open-source app, also available on GitHub. So if you want to make it better or improve it, just feel free. And at the moment for those iPhone users, we don't have a version for iPhone yet, but feel free to create a new version for Asia for your iPhone. You know, I know here only that it does. You can Google it and our website will come up right away. And of course like also Firefox OS, right, yes, if you pick upcoming thing here from Mozilla, there are a lot of Mozilla here in the room and I strongly encourage you guys, why don't you work on an app here doing for Asia. We have spreadsheets for example, so you can just like go in the way like make it once and distribute it everywhere for information. Yeah, talking about Google Mozilla, can we thank this opportunity to thank our sponsors? Yeah, we would like to thank our sponsors, which are here also on the screen. So we have different kind of sponsors, the sponsors who are donating for Asia with money and other sponsors who are contributing to their space for example. So tomorrow we will be at block 71. So thanks a lot for most of us to Rathead. We've been very generous and particularly to Harish Pillai, who helped us to get the whole event here started. I actually invited him to talk for the first time about it, I mean 10 months ago maybe, yeah. And Harish actually, you ran the Linux conference here in Singapore, 2001, 1990 library. So I see this maybe as a kind of continuation of what you started here a long time ago. Thank you very much for bringing us here in touch with Rathead and bringing a lot of speakers here to the event as well. So we'll learn about used technologies as well. So as you thank all the sponsors, I would like to mention the volunteers and some people who have in organizing this event. So besides Harish, we also have a few other people and if you guys in the audience have any questions, you can look for someone with the badge saying organizer or moderator and I will contact them for you. So we have Justin Lee, can you raise your hand so the people can see you? We have Darwin, are you here? Can you stand up so people can see you? So if you have any questions you can just approach one of us. It would be nicer if we can give people a little bit of a clap before we go to play. This is an open source of every single one of us. We work like a volunteer phase, so we use a little bit of clapping as well. And the sponsors, we have some new sponsors as well. So we have Optum, Treasure, Data, MySQL, Python Foundation, and we have the director of the Python Foundation here, right? Yeah, the director of the Python Foundation, welcome here, Kusha. Welcome to the Python Foundation, Kusha Gassen with the red hat on top. And of course I would also like to thank Google. They are sponsoring the event now for several years. And we also run the Google Summer Program and other programs with Google. I know they flip over some of the students, so thank you very much for Google. But actually we had announced that Kat Arman will come here. She's not coming home for a while. Should I tell her? Okay, so we're not supposed to say that but her brand model is really sick. Yeah, I mean like, so she has some family issues and she says she will be here in Singapore later this year and will join maybe another event or some meet-ups that we can all witness. Other sponsors are ACE, annuals enterprise, JFD Asia, Silicon States, Linux pilot and E27 are media partners and the Hackerspace Singapore is a venue sponsor as well. So thank you very much for all the sponsors and thanks for everyone joining us. Anything else? I think that's it. We don't have so much but before we start I would like to ask the audience. We have 128 speakers come from 27 countries and some of them fly 18 hours to get here. And can we show something to show that Singaporean people are so friendly and really welcoming them?


So my name is Al Sir Allen. I'm the head of documentation at Raspberry Pi. And what's the activity here in the world? So we're here talking about our RP2040, our own microcontroller chip. It's our first silicon, our custom ASIC designed in Cambridge by Raspberry Pi. You say what ASIC design? So it's custom silicon. It's a dual core Cortex M0 Plus, with running at 133 megahertz, 264 kilobytes of RAM, and up to 16 megabytes of QS SPI flash off chip. So do you have it done over now? Yes, we have. To find the right PIO program. We're actually giving them out. Yes we are. We are giving away 25,000 Raspberry Pi Pico's will be given away this week. Thank you. So since when are you making this? So Raspberry Pi Pico was launched in January 2021, and the chip was made available in June the same year. So you can buy the chip in volume right now at $1 for a single unit price, or down to 70 cents per chip for a reel of 3,500 I think. Cortex M0 Plus. Yes, dual core. So it's a beautiful architecture right? Yes, so the ARM architecture is, it's what we regarded as a low end ARM Cortex chip, ARM Cortex M chip, but on the other hand the design of the ARC2040 is extremely off axis. There's a large amount of RAM for a Cortex M0 Plus. The bus fabric of the chip is, and it's cycle accurate all the way up to the maximum clock rate. Additionally, as long with the two Cortex M cores, there's also PIO, which is programmable IO, which is unique to RP2040. This is state machines from the core, which are optimized for dealing with GPIO. So these can be used independently of the two main cores. So instead of bit banging protocols on your main cores, you can actually use the PIO state machines, you're programming them with machine code, and they can actually handle protocols. So if you want CAN bus, if you want DVID, if you want an extra SPI or like a couple of extra UARTs, you can just implement them on PIO, not burdening your main cores. Just for your main codes, and then just implement your IO on the state machines. Good for retro gaming, there's no display, right? There's no display, but you can do DVID or VGA. Because of the PIO, you can actually play Doom on this. So we actually, if you go to rptl.io slash Doom on Pico, you'll find an article about linking to the GitHub, where you can download the source code and you can play multiplayer Doom on a microcontroller. That's what people are asking, can it run Doom? It can run Doom. And there's one guy saying, I love Raspberry Pi RP2040. What's this one? This is the RP2040 right here. And when can we see the Bluetooth Low Energy RP2040? So Raspberry Pi does not talk about free unannounced products. So I'm not going to answer that one. Not that it's not having a GPU, it's basically an M3. I mean, I'm a C programmer. Pico is more in the league of an Arduino. So it is a microcontroller, you don't run Linux for this. Unlike the rest of our boards, this is a bare metal product. So you can address it with our own C SDK, you can run MicroPython, CircuitPython, you can run FreeRTOS, there's a FreeRTOS SMP port. I think it's one of two boards supported by the SMP port.  But yeah, this is a microcontroller. It's not a Linux port. Can you reintroduce yourself? So I'm the head of documentation at Raspberry Pi. It's written down, it's my problem. I think that's physically impossible for one human being. So I did quite a lot of the getting started introductory material, but the datasheets really have to be written by the people that design the ASIC. It's like, you can't get it, no one else can write that. It has to be written in good English. Yes. And how long have you been at Raspberry Pi? Are you the founder? Certainly not, no. I got brought on two years ago to bring the documentation for RP2040 and people when we were just taping out our ASIC. So I've been with Pi for about two and a half years now. Can you mention some of the amazing projects people do? So I have some really amazing stuff done with RP2040. The fact that you can get dual monitor DVI out of a microcontroller or Cortex M0 Plus is insane. If you go to, if you look for HDMI SOC, Pico HDMI SOC, you can actually find the board designs for HDMI to the Raspberry Pi Pico. And that will let you put out full HD at about 30 frames a second, I believe, from a microcontroller, which is an insane thing to have achieved. That was done by Luke Wren, who's one of our own board designers, ASIC designers. There's some really amazing stuff being put out by our design partners. If you look at the stuff from Pimaroni, there's a sort of Game Boy-like sort of console that's really quite amazing. And we've seen everything from balloon trackers to video control systems. People are building custom keyboards around it. If you talk to IO, you can do the RP2040. Is it a little bit of a departure of the Cortex A stuff that Raspberry Pi... Sure, absolutely. We're well known for our single board computers. And this is our first microcontroller product. It's also our first piece of silicon that we designed ourselves. So yeah, it's absolutely a departure from where we are. We call it franchise 2. How's it different from the other Cortex M0 Plus? So, we designed the RP2040 after years of using other people's microcontrollers. It was basically designed to be the microcontroller that we wanted to use. So it's cycle perfect all the way... Because of the way it was designed, it's cycle perfect all the way up to the point where it will fail. You will absolutely get replicable results. The bus fabric is insanely huge compared to other chips in this range. Which means that you can push data across this far more easily. When I was the first being talked about to come on board with this, Evan, who is the founder, I'm certainly not the founder, sat me down in a room and he whiteboarded up this chip. The first thing he drew was the bus fabric. If you know anything about it, chip design is a really weird place to start when describing how a chip is put together. Normally you start with the cores and Evan started with the bus fabric. That is the difference with RP2040. It's designed to be flexible. It has hardware GPIO, it's hardware SPI, ITC. But you can implement pretty much any protocol you need. Like ITS, DVID, CANBUS in PIO. So it's designed for flexibility and for input and input. How was the experience of designing the chip? So I am not a chip designer. I only play one on TV. But I... You win that movie, right? So designing a chip is an insanely specialized job description. There aren't that many people that do it. And we have an absolutely amazing ASIC team at Raspberry Pi that it's been brought together. This is our first piece. We've been working on this for about five years before it was released. So designing a chip is an interesting experience. And I've really been privileged to work with the folks that have been doing that. So Raspberry Pi 5, when can you... As I said, we do not talk about unannounced products. So no, I am not telling you when Raspberry Pi 5 is going to be released. So what features are there? I am not going to talk about that either. Raspberry Pi has done a lot of things to make the world a better place, right? Yeah, so one of the things that we did during the pandemic is that our boards ended up in ventilators. We were really proud of that. Obviously there is the educational outreach thing with the Raspberry Pi Foundation that's concentrated around education and getting children started with computers. You educated like a million robot makers. Yes. Or actually several million. All over the world. And these robots are going to take care of us in the future. Cool, thanks a lot. Thank you. Thanks. It's been a busy show here, right? What's your channel like? Life is so busy here. Like people just queuing up for more information. To get the boards, to get the bags. We're just very, very sexy. Okay. And the t-shirts. We have t-shirts, too. No, absolutely. Cool. Thanks a lot.


On May 25, 1993 and November 14, 2001, Nickelodeon, commonly shortened to Nick, got hijacked unexpectedly. No unaffiliated individuals were in the Nickelodeon broadcasting building that occasion. When the mysterious event happened, many were dismayed. People called the Nick headquarters about the incident, and the staff reassured them that they were at normal programming. The first occurrence happened on May 25, 1993, on the south side of the U.S. and the whole area of Canada. At 8.55 p.m., nearing the Nick at night block, the credits for Rugrats slowly fades to a red tint with the music getting more off tune and the text getting increasingly unintelligible. Once the credits end, a mangled claskey-chupo closing logo starts. The happy and joyful music got replaced with the described screams of the damned, and the logo looks melted and dripping with the text being claskey-chupo-to-opa-chuk-sock. It then fades to the Nickelodeon-Hey-Kyle logo, except the logo is red and warped. The text is also reversed to no-dolekin. It returned to normal programming shortly after a black screen with the text, Vini Satano. Many were terrified, and children were crying. York Times caught up on the problem and made a story relating to the incident. One parent stated, We're switching to the Disney Channel so our kids won't be scared anymore. Nick lost a great amount of viewers, but eventually got it back two months later. The second and last incident recording happened on November 14, 2001. The only things that made it stand out is that the occurrence happened in the northern part of the U.S., New Zealand and the eastern side of Australia. It also happened after the Nick Jr. block signed off for the day. After an airing of SpongeBob SquarePants, the most popular show on the network, The Credits rolled, a few seconds in, The Credits turned into a jumble of letters with incomprehensible music. However, words such as praise, ruler, and inferno are hidden in the jumbles and piles of nonsensical letters. When The Credits and the famous United Plankton Pictures incorporated closing logo starts, but it's red tinted, and the United Plankton text is replaced with Underworld in all capital letters. The music is again replaced with something quite odd, in which in this case, an almost ear-deafening high tone. It then switched to an empty Nickelodeon logo that lasted for six seconds before turning red. It then went to normal programming. Due to the network exiting the preschool block, more children were exposed to the traumatizing incident. Once again, parents united to make Nick lose more viewers than in 1993. It also took longer to recover the viewers they lost. This occurrence was the cause of one of the network's darkest ages in television history. Many people, especially the staff, were baffled at the situations that happened in both years. A majority of the U.S., Canada and Oceania believed that some supernatural force controlled the feed and caused the broadcast to switch to a described channel from the hell-bounds. They elaborated on the theory by the messages hidden in the 2001 incident and the Latin message in the 1993 incident. In an interview about both incidents in 2006, one parent stated, mentioning the 1993 incident. I switched to Disney Channel for my kids for one week. After that short period of time, I came back to check the channel, and the broadcast was normal, so I switched back. Another parent stated, mentioning the 2001 incident. I heard my kids crying. I checked up on them, and the channel turned out to be corrupted. After that, I never trusted Nick ever again. These both can be rephrased too, Nickelodeon is demonic. These incidents we covered are both one of the times Nickelodeon had a great fall and risen again.


Welcome, my name is Kiona Kanatera and I am with the Temple of Ascending Flame. Today we will take a brief look surrounding Hekate and her mysteries, her origins. Hekate is a popular goddess and with good reason. She is the dark goddess that leads onto the path of self-mastery, self-attunement, and self-realization. Her position as a goddess of sorcery, one of many attributes, places her within a boundary of spiritual attainment. Hence the reason one of her titles is Goddess of the Crossroads. She stands at the threshold of the spiritual world, guiding us in, conquering our shadows, and doing the inner work. In this brief presentation, I will walk you through some of Hekate's stories, a little bit about her, and how we work with her in the Temple. From research, the name Hekate, Greek pronunciation, or Ekate, the Latin pronunciation, means from afar, which makes sense as she is the one that guides us on our journey down a path of self-mastery. With more information readily available, you will learn of a few for epithets and titles. These are a few that I have come across in working with her. She is known as Adneia, Goddess of the Underworld, Trimorphous, the Triple Goddess, and Inodea, Crossroads, as we normally would meet her there to start our journey. There is more to Hekate that I will be touching on, since Hekate is a popular goddess on most of what is coming up, you know, but my hope is to give you a little more that she won't, so with a little background about her, let's take a further look into her mysteries. Hekate can have a complicated backstory, depending on your personal path and where you believe she is from. Some say her name is Hekate, the ancient Egyptian god and word for magic. Others know that she is a titan that is either helping Zeus with the War of the Titans or birthed by Zeus. Some say she is a pre-Olympian, cathonic goddess from her role in the Chaldean Oracles. How about we touch a little on these origins and meet Hekate? Hekate, from what research is out there, was an Egyptian god of magic. His priests would normally evoke and worship him in order to use Hekate, aka magic. The deity was seen as the All, meaning that all power was granted by him. So I can see how they thought that this was related to Hekate. Hekate is a triple Greek goddess, her most worked with and acknowledged for, and she is also a goddess of witchcraft, magic and the moon. And in essence, if you wanted to learn the history or work with magic, she would be who you would ultimately turn to. It's quite common for older deities or ones with similar attributes and names to be migrated or absorbed into one another. This is no different with Hekate, but Hekate and Hekate, in my opinion, are two separate gods. Hekate the Titan, according to all the lore and mythology we have ever learned about Hekate, she was a child of the Titans Perseus and Hysteria. This is where she was gifted her powers by her parents over the heavens, earth and sea. So from here, we have her first origin within the Greek mythology. Her next break within a mythology is that she was a daughter of Zeus, fully formed, but I didn't see too much research backing that up. Next, she was gifted her powers by Zeus and her participation against the Titans in the war. Not to mention that she also helped Demeter find Persephone when she was snatched to the underworld. That was also a way she was found in favor with Zeus. There is her role as the pre-olympian catholic goddess, as one of three gods giving information to the oracles. The Chaldean oracles are lore stories from Rome that list Hekate as the feminine power that took the fires and given birth to intellect like the Sophia. This information was then passed on to the oracles. People journeyed far to come see and listen to the oracles pass on the notes from the gods. In this tale, she is mainly a goddess of intellect and intelligence. Hekate in the temple of ascending flame With all that we have read, seen, researched and experienced on our own, there is one thing that stands out. Hekate is the beginning. She holds the keys for us to learn more. Her role in the temple of ascending flame is our guide on a path of darkness. After all, the dark holds all the secrets, all the mysteries, all the light. In order to be enlightened, you must conquer the dark, revel in it, learn in it, be one with it. What Hekate does is allow us the chance to learn our shadow self, to dive in the abyss and open our eyes. But then the temple she guides us on the draconian path to learn the mysteries that awaits us. You can say she helps to initiate us on the path of the abyss to become a better, stronger, and more balanced person. Hekate is the goddess of wishcraft, the goddess of sorcery, the opener to all mysteries, and has a long history as we can see. But one thing to know is that Hekate will guide you on the path, protect you, provide you with balance. If you need to go further on your path, she is the one to call upon. Your beginning is with Hekate. There are many books on the market about Hekate. This book is by the temple at the link below. In this book, you will have historical research, meditations, rituals, and personal notices from members and who Hekate has guided and walked with us. I hope you enjoyed this brief information on Hekate. I found maybe something new that you didn't know, including the catholic oracles and her relation to Hekate. If you have any other questions or would like to know more, you can visit the temple of ascending flame or you can follow us on Facebook. Thank you.


There you go, Robert. What do you think? It's the October 96th. You write it? Why? Why not? You give it to me? No. I'll give it to you if you do all the work. Okay, sorry to it. Oh, right. Okay. I'm Peter Robinson. I work for Red Hat on IOT and all sorts of various other bits and pieces. My co-presents are over-hiding to the side here. I can introduce himself and actually get into the line of the camera. Yeah, hello. I'm Robert Wolfe, 96 boards community manager for Lenaro. And... Yeah, so we're just going to talk about AI and machine learning using Fedora as an operating system and STAC on the 96 boards and AI platforms. So Robert will give a brief overview of the 96 boards ecosystem. We'll cover some of the various hardware for AI and machine learning, how we're going to do AI and machine learning on Fedora and some of the pros and cons and issues we are facing in dealing that and how we're going to try and tie it all together between the 96 boards AI initiative and Fedora as a whole to give a cohesive sort of end user opportunity across a whole range of hardware. Great, yeah. So as Peter mentioned, I'm going to first talk about 96 boards, the ecosystem in itself and then how it relates to Fedora and how we're going to move forward with 96 boards and Fedora. So the 96 boards ecosystem, I'm guessing at least some of you have heard of what 96 boards is, but basically it's a single board computer or an open hardware specification. I'm going to kind of quote this right here, but the hardware spec is open, not the hardware itself, right? So it's an open hardware specification. And I'm going to talk a little bit more about that in just a second, but first I want to give a little bit of a history of what Lenaro is and what 96 boards is and why we started 96 boards. So Lenaro, as you can see there, founded in 2010, originally was created to reduce the redundancies and fragmentation in the Linux on ARM ecosystem. And there was a big problem that they faced in this five-year gap, which was basically trying to provide the development hardware, the platform for the developers to work on. And back in the day, not even that long ago, trying to get your hands on this ARM-based hardware was, first of all, very, took a long time to get it. And second of all, it was very expensive.  Let's call it 96 boards. And we're going to make it easier and cheaper for people to get their hands on this hardware that they need to develop on. That's when 96 boards was born. And so you have a specification, SOC agnostic specification that allows vendors to come together, build boards out so that, you know, you can develop on them and do what you need to do for reasonable price. All right. So as I mentioned, 96 boards is a series of open hardware specifications. Right now we have three specs. You have the consumer edition, the enterprise edition, and the IoT edition. Right now, we're trying to work on a strong hardware and software story. This is basically creating the layer of hardware for you to develop on. The operating system, which we're working with Fedora, Peter right here in Fedora, to get a strong software story at an operating system level. And then after that comes the application level so that you can develop on multiple system on chips without really feeling too much of a difference when you're transitioning your development. Our model is a partner-based model.  Peter, in fact, is one of those steering committee members representing Fedora, Red Hat on the board there. But there are a lot of members we have. And Sentos. Yeah, so I represent the Red Hat ecosystem. So primarily at the moment, Fedora, REL, Sentos, are primarily more the community distributions. And one of the things that Fedora in particular provides is that across the boards that we currently support in Fedora, and there's going to be a bunch of extra ones coming along in F29, is that it's the same kernel, the same experience that you get on X86. So same kernel, SE Linux, Grub, various other bits and pieces. So it's just a unified experience. It doesn't matter what device you're running on. Yeah, this is a big deal because, you know, you have partners from all different types of, all different branches of the industry all come together to kind of try and figure out the best way to build this hardware and bring it to the developers. So it is not just one person saying, this is how I think it should be. It's a bunch of people coming together and saying, this is what we think it should be, and then testing it out. With the 96 boards, within the 96 boards ecosystem, we have a pretty vibrant and growing community. And 96 boards isn't that old, but we are seeing a lot of traction in the community and it is growing. So if you do have any questions or ways that you would like to find a way to get ahold of us or how to get, you know, involved in the community, you can reach out to me afterwards. Initiatives, this is one of the ways that we push forward with 96 boards, kind of launching initiatives, and since we are a partner-based company, a partner-based department, we seek a lot of help from our partners. You know, reaching out to RedHack, Qualcomm, I-Links, Avena, Arrow, basically every single person that's involved, every company that's involved with us, we try launching initiatives in parallel with these other companies. So we kind of push forward together. One of these initiatives, for example, is our mezzanine community. This is an open-source repository that we pushed out there that allows people to grab on to all of these design files, whether you're building in KiCat, EagleCat, Altium, and a few others. We put out the templates there so that then you can build on add-on devices. And of course, the 96 boards AI is another one of those initiatives. 96 boards AI is another one, and I'm actually going to talk about that right now. So 96 boards AI, this is an attempt that we are pushing out to basically create a compartmentalized section of 96 boards where we're saying these boards we think are the best uses for AI. And so we basically chose a few right now, and we're calling it kind of like AI-compliant for this purpose. And we want to create the ultimate software-hardware application story for these boards. Now on the top you have the Rock 960, in the middle you have the Xilinx, which is the Qualture 96. It's this one here. Quad-core 64-bit processor, fairly high-end FPGA, and a couple of real-time, capable co-processors as well on board, all in something about the size of a credit card. So fairly powerful, fairly small, sort of like literally pocket-sized. So it's a cool little device. Yeah, and as you can see, looking at the spec, these boards all have the same footprint, and most of the things that companies would say, reinventing the wheel or being redundant in their development or in their IP, you could say, you don't really focus on those things. You know, the general I.O., the USB ports, HDMI, you can create your niche on this footprint without having to, you know, worry about too much IP, right? So here, for instance, if you say this is like the standard consumer edition board, you can see this kind of replicated right here on the bottom half of this one. This is an extended version of the consumer edition board. And so this is one attempt right here, reaching out to AI, and so we're going to focus on the most. But 96 boards is trying to tackle other verticals, creating software stories for other verticals. And this is just one of them, right? So with that, I think that's the last of my slides. So we can talk more about 96 boards after if you have more questions. Yeah, so in Fedora, we obviously are working closely with the 96 board guys. There's also other, so some of the NVIDIA Jetson ones we're looking at for sort of GP-GPU as well. You know, the actual AI machine learning hardware, there's four main categories of hardware. There's the FPGA stuff, the Xilinx, a number of other boards. So Intel's Altira, the latter size 40, is fairly popular. Obviously GP-GPU led primarily by NVIDIA with the CUDA framework. But obviously there's other ones that support OpenCL standard. A new category which we're still sort of which the Rockchips and the High-Silicon Ultra 970 support have onboard neural processing units. And then Qualcomm has sort of a DSP which also provides a neural processing engine. So there's a number of different sort of hardware categories in there that you know, we're working to support well in Fedora. Some of them are currently supported in the kernel and tool chains and what have you a little bit better than others. So AI and machine learning has like a number of different stacks. There's obviously TensorFlow that came out of Google originally that is getting a lot of traction. But there's Cafe, T-Engine, Torch and numerous other sort of high level stacks to do. There's a bunch of low level tool chains. These are currently widely variable. There's the I-40 that I mentioned earlier has quite a good open source tool chain. The Xiling stuff is a bit variable at the moment although the open source side of that is evolving very very quickly. Some of the neural processing engines I'm still sort of investigating because a bunch of them are quite new on the market. But as a result of that, this space is changing quite quickly. And you know, the hardware software, so like TensorFlow, for example is very CUDA oriented currently although there's a number of organizations that are trying to sort of make that less sort of platform specific. So the hardware software interface is evolving pretty quickly. If I could add actually on that real quick. Of course you can. So with the FPGA space right now Xilings in particular they're working on an SDK called SDSOC and with that they're trying to bring the learning curve down for those of you who are interested in developing on FPGAs. So in particular talking about the Ultra96 board that Peter has right here you'll have opportunities to check out this SDK and in fact if you buy the Ultra96 you get a year worth of this license. It is closed license but it is still a very interesting tool. And basically what it does is it allows you to code in a language that you're more comfortable with and then it compiles it for the FPGA so you can actually work on the hardware without being a full blown FPGA developer if you're not familiar with that. So it's pretty interesting. And then how does this very wide and varied ecosystem sort of come together with 96 boards in Fedora. So we're working together along with some others to get a unified experience. So at the moment like some of the devices come with Android on them, some come with very custom distros of Linux that don't support standardized things that a lot of people are becoming to expect like containers and various other bits and pieces. Widely varying versions of the kernel that are generally full of CVEs and especially with some of the recent Spectra and Meltdown stuff are very not up to date. And so we're working to provide a unified experience so that doesn't matter the board you have doesn't matter the hardware, machine learning options that are available you'll be able to get Fedora on there, you'll be able to run containers exactly as you would on x86 and you know and then access whether it be the FPGA or the GPU or whatever so essentially be able to eventually install TensorFlow and have it work on the very underlying units without a difference in experience across there and so a wide variety of AI machine learning hardware but one OS and like everything else in the Fedora ecosystem you'll be able to run Docker and containers or whatever else on top of that in exactly the same way as you would on other architectures with all the expected security level things like SE Linux and Setcomp and basically a unified experience and you know it's going to take us a while to get there in Fedora 29 where it's got initial support at the kernel level for things like the FPGA manager and various other mechanisms and it's going to be a bit of a long road with lots of work to do but it's starting with Fedora 29 and as it evolves over time there's the ICE stack I think it's called which will be usable with the ICE 40 FPGAs and as the open source tools evolve it should in the next year or so become a sort of relatively nice straightforward experience no matter what the underlying hardware is so does anyone have any questions? Steven can you say can you give any examples of projects or initiatives that are working with this in Fedora today or soon what are the specific goals that they're trying to achieve with this? So yeah, so there's a number of different sort of IOT I sort of started to get involved in some of this because I have IOT people that are interested in this working for it in different industries for different one of the projects that I had a chat at Flock last week with someone from Amazon about their Greengrass project which is a project that runs locally using Amazon technologies for local AI and machine learning so that's an IOT gateway use case that is happening there's a number of industries within the IOT that are very interested in FPGA for IOT local processing and intelligence so that's primarily my focus the Ultra96 was demoed at The Last Connect running a real-time number plate recognition or number plate signs and it was processing like thousands and thousands of signs a second I was hoping to be able to demo it but we didn't really have enough time to do a talk and a demo all in sort of 25-30 odd minutes and so but I've been planning on getting that up and running so people can deploy that with Ansible as a sort of standard on the Xilinx FPGA so there's a lot of interest in a lot of different sort of areas for that sort of stuff and I'll add that also there's building an application layer on top of this we've been talking 96 boards we've been talking with Mozilla and their IOT.mozilla initiative and so we're hopefully going to be working with that to try enabling the Mozilla IOT gateway across all of this hardware using Fedora so this kind of like another example of the application layer taking advantage of this unification across the OS and across the hardware that doesn't necessarily use it at the moment FPGA stuff but there are other sort of projects that are like the next generation of the Mycroft hardware is going to use the Xilinx FPGA so we'll be able to my intention is that we can run that on Fedora and that'll be used for like voice recognition Hi, you guys mentioned about writing in your programming language you are comfortable and then you guys would compile it for FPGAs. I just wanted to know how comparable is the execution time of this program compared to FPGA specific programming language like if I had written the same program and something which was FPGA So I think the question is how comparable is the speed compared to programming it through their SDK versus doing it like with Verlog at the low level I don't know actually the answer to that Nor do I that is a Xilinx tool and I'm not sure the exact details about their tool chain From my understanding though for most applications from when I hear them talking it's not noticeable unless you go really deep so you wouldn't notice it that much I'm still trying to understand the why Why would I want to do ML on these little boards? Is it because you're envisioning a future where maybe they have sensors and such they want to do like local compute train models locally is that the idea so I mean I don't know the specs of this FPGA but it's a fairly high end FPGA with basically some ARM compute attached to it so you can run like a Linux distribution to do generic stuff hand over the specifics to the FPGA it's also got two ARM Cortex-R cores on it so you can run like an RTOS at full wheel time on it and the idea is that you know you could embed this in a light pole with a camera attached to do real-time machine learning on the edge without having to push it back into the cloud so you may have you know a low level like Laura or like you know 64K style link that you don't have the ability to push you know gigabits or tens of megabits a second data up into the cloud to process it so you would do it locally you know if in a lot of cases you may not have the connectivity like out in the field or on a ship in the middle of the ocean and so you know it's fairly low power in terms of actual power draw but it's a high end processing that you can offload to do extensive stuff locally it's also really important to note that as developers maybe you're not so much interested in the path to product but there is a strong path to product with these boards so I mean you can work hand in hand with Xilinx and Avnet and the folks that made this board to you know do a chip down design get your own product out there so like once you get up to a certain amount of units it's no longer worth it to put this board in your end product right you're going to want to get rid of some USB ports and save a penny here and a penny there and then next thing you know you know this is your tool for your path to product right so it's a development device but yes and also because it's a relatively cheap relatively standard it's useful for developers to put one on their desk so that they can play around with proof of concepts at little cost using standard tools, standard distro to get things up and running because you know basically you can DNF install just as you would on an x86 server or you know VM running in the cloud Any more questions? No? Thank you very much Thank you


Alrighty, let's play the whole thing. All right, let's see So let's take a look at I will look at the jaw and the main expressions for your face So That's a lovely accent you have the biggest one is that half is missing Meaning when he says half and not half of your stuff. Let me scrubbing here So half at that point should have a little jaw move here And the New Jersey seems too too soon You have the new and he doesn't say it yet And at this point Jersey That's also non-existent there. Oh, it's also way way too early Let me check and open this in a different program here. All right, it's gonna reopen this in VLC here But you can see how that half is lia is too soon as well To that half nothing's going on. It's too soon there. It's too soon there too. So It may be in this program. It's a couple frames even sooner, but I don't know for sure It's it's not in sync. So the main thing I would look at. Hold on Funny enough the well then is actually pretty good. Well, then But what's missing is for instance, if you do well then For the end shape you want at least a tongue up there, but you could definitely close them out more But in your case, let me turn the scrubbing off again Well, then like you never close the mouth Good day mate Again too soon And even on mate, it's like your shape is more like a smile, but it doesn't have the lip roll in for mate So what I would do in this case was you asked me about lip sync What I would do is do your classic thing of putting your jaw Your face under the jaw and then say the line and then you can feel where the big accents are That's very silly But you will see okay at what point I really really need to open a jaw and what can I do with just shapes and not jaw movement But then the biggest thing after that is that it has to be in sync You so you can go into Maya and you can see in your Timeline the waveform and it's not like you want to sync it right there It's it's not going to be perfectly synced you want to go just a bit earlier and on your big accents Have at least on half. It's a soft on half. You can still open the jaw, but the fact that That it's so late It's to me the biggest thing you need to address you need to look at okay When are the big accents and then you can go into the bigger The e and the ooh so the extremes of in-and-outs of your mouth just to hit those big moments And then your F and mm. So like in your case here Good day, mate M you definitely want to have your M closed and you want your F and M at least close for two frames so that it doesn't feel like a pop and For like a bigger a bigger Fleshy type of feel you can do your M and Then as you open the jaw you still have the lips closed. So you have May so I don't if you can see this May It's where the jaw goes down But the lips are still closed and then you open for mates and this could be you know again over minimum of two frames Do have tongue action in there that sounds kind of weird but that Right now it feels more like it's kind of behind the teeth and you want to make sure that it hits the front part of the teeth And you can look at when he says that first line To me accent is a bigger thing in terms of a shape change. So he could say that's a lovely accent you have So that's a lovely where your shapes are are fairly contained within kind of a small circle And then this is more that's a lovely accent and on accent you can really whiten any kind of offset for asymmetry But you can do that at the very end But I would definitely have a wider shape for accent so that it doesn't all feel like it's just kind of the jaw Clacking up and down so you want to look at your two big moments of when can you really expand the shapes? Accent you have and then you have you can go back in Because right now it's just so late. There's nothing going on in this section Technically like I would still hit this obviously when it's supposed to but there's nothing wrong with Shaping and getting into the shapes before the line happens. So you could go New Jersey because he's kind of he's thinking it and he wants to say it But he just he just makes the sounds later. So you can still have a New Jersey, but at least in New Jersey has to be timed correctly It's just way too soon Jersey Jersey and again New Jersey and on E you could this one I could you could hold it's Jersey and he stays in that position And then when he hears Austria, he can relax that shape and go so it's basically New Jersey and he holds then Austria and then you can go from a wide to a circular and more a smaller shape for contrast And you can start shaping in here already where he goes Austria so you can have an open mouth to kind of you know make that surprise face Austria and then you can that way you could I would keep those shapes closer together Austria is more than Austria and then haha that way again you go from a more narrow to wider shape or contrast Yeah, so she that sound the huh will be a bit of a bigger shape out of The corners and right now it all feels like it's all the same. So you are asking in the email I don't know if it's so early to work on a lip sync I mean you can always do a lip sync at the very ends Some people do the very beginning I kind of go back and forth a lot of times at the beginning But the main thing you want to do and this is just for your early blocking It's also going to help you with head accents So if he goes Austria and he has that a big jaw move that would kind of tie into her head accent so see how you have The jaw going down and then the head going into it's Austria like that instead of Austria so that the jaw leads and then two three frames later the head goes down with it So you definitely want to go into rough Lip sync blocking so that you know where your jaw accents are because those are going to affect the head animation as well Good day mate. So same thing here Good day would still be a narrow one narrow in terms of how far your extremes go Good day mate and a mate you can go back out and again asymmetry you would favor one corner and you can probably I would probably leave him in this angle towards her While he do a bit of a move so could be mate and then he come back a bit kind of rest within This area it's good name mate and then you can end it with this corner not as far and this this one Definitely wider for you asymmetry. I would favor this side because we see this side more Good day mate Good day mate And you can leave kind of like a pirate mouth good day mate And leave that mouth open towards the end But as a whole what I would do is really look at your jaw up and down when that's supposed to happen And right now everything is too soon except one section here The well then that seems okay, but before that and after it's way too early. So look at your timeline When those extremes happen that's that's already a good guide And then look at your extremes of you're in and out. So it's not always the same shape You want to look at when can I when I when can I have contrast in my mouth shapes so that it doesn't feel Like he's just kind of stuck in one You know facial acting modes and then you just have kind of a jaw up and down to You know to add lip sync to it. So look at this.  Uh, you do also mention It pushed ahead on the first part and the last when that's a lovely accent you have a good day mate That's a lovely accent you have That's a lovely accent you have again for for me the head accent is too late That's a lovely accent you that's a lovely accent you end up a much I would say two three frames when he goes Lovely accent you accent So ah that's when the jaw will go down and two three frames later the head will go down lovely accent you have And it's really tiny. It's really just a frame or two on when this goes down, but it does feel a bit late That's a lovely accent you have But then you have you can bring it up a bit You have just go see might say you have and then go back a bit New jersey and then you can go forward, right? It's an accent you have New jersey and then you go forward New jersey And I'll be careful.   He doesn't seem to be too bright Uh, clearly so that when when he hears the information to me the blink of him going and processing what he just heard I would just delay that a bit to kind of give it a bit of a You know a bit of an accent on on that. He's a bit of a slow thinker so Yeah, I think the biggest thing would be um, look at your jaw and look at when those accents are when it happens So that you can really get more in sync with it and then we can look at the shapes and how we can tie that together and also Actually, I've never animated this rake. So once you go into more detail work I mean this austria. Oh when he pulls that jaw down look at if you have Narshal shapes that you can pull down as well and a bit of a Nose tip as well and how far you can push the cheeks. So when the uh, the jaw goes down You want to pull those shapes down and then could they Made a made as this whole process you want to bring up the cheeks a bit You want to do a bit of a compression in the face So I'm not sure what that rake does, but that's something else that you can start to look at as you go into more uh lip sync New jersey There's something about I don't know that's in the rake, but there's something about not really seeing the the lower teeth for so long Haha Like usually, I don't know if you want to bring up you haven't controlled to bring up the teeth Or you sort of dial down the shapes a bit lower, but Um, you could then she just try it with the teeth Even here they never really together. I don't know. I don't know. I'm not sure how that rake works But there's just something about barely seeing the teeth here and then no teeth down here Well, then so you have it hoping you want to see just a bit more just a tap more So it doesn't feel like it's just this this toothless person here Good day, mate. That's a lovely accent you have New jersey I think the hands look better. That's a lovely accent you have So no, you you were working on ik stuff new jersey But careful you still have if you scrub through you can still see how you have some drifting and the fingers and the wrists Even this here This feels better how the wrist follows the forearm But it just aids very slow you want to just Have a bit more movement through there and then a bit faster through there and as you do this faster move The fingers can change where they'll be there might be like this and then tighten up a little bit So you have to look at if if you go austria like that That expression that realization and how he says that that might tighten the muscles a bit and you can see that in the fingers And then on ha ha he might relax because he's laughing and then you can relax the fingers again So that's kind of that detail work you could put in there And on this I don't know this is picky, but I will bring that Pinky that pinky that uh index finger just a bit straighter It's basically the The index is more like that and then your middle finger starts to be a bit more and then your ring finger And then you're pinky i'm exaggerating, but that way you have a bit of a Uh a bit of a pose like that. Where's my can you see me? You can't really see it But you don't really want to have the index curl as well. It kind of gives you it's a bit of a claw um like pose versus kind of extending kind of relaxing the fingers a bit more like that, so I will bring out the base of that index and bring that For the down here and then you can see the middle finger behind there And then the rest curling in because he is very relaxed at this point given this pose So you can kind of push that more in the fingers. It's just a bit of a weird pose there And then watch out in your good day, mate It's definitely pushing it's good But it feels like there's a lot of it coming from this upper joint there on the neck and not really the lower part Where he could be That's a bit more of a Like a little arc forward that comes out of that lower part of the neck as well And if you add that you can have a little bit of movement in the chest as well. So it all feels connected All right, I'm gonna leave it at that again look at specifically Your jaw movement so that it is in sync with the audio so that it really hits those accents when it's supposed to Because right now everything just feels way too early except that that little section through there And then the end is also a bit too early, but the beginning for sure is way too early. All right. Thank you All right, there's an email you can sign up you can start whenever you want You can submit whatever you want you get 16 submissions either way a like and subscribe would be awesome. All right. Thank you


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But a bit early to tell The 14th gen literally just came out yesterday. I'm recording this on Thursday, you're probably seeing this on Friday. If you watched it when it dropped. So it's too early to tell for the new AMD releases and the Intel release how that will affect prices of older hardware. But I did want to point out that we have revamped the AMD GPUs for tracking. kasi we would track 6500XT, 6700XT, but it was very hard to find the shops that carried that so hindi na siya representative of the market. So we've changed it to the 6600 and the 7700XT. This is 30,000 pesos or so, not bad for the 7700XT. Basically ring of views nung 7700XT They're quite similar in performance. You would probably just want to pay a bit more for the 7800XT. Pero medyong malaki yung price jump niya at least dito sa atin. 7800XT would probably go for around 36K, 35,000 or so. Might be even a bit more expensive depending on the actual brand whereas the average price of a 7700XT is only around 30,000. So most of the reviews I've seen would recommend just biting the bullet and getting the more expensive 7800XT. Pero you are biting a bit more of the bullet if you buy it here sa atin. Medyong malaki yung price gap nila. More housekeeping news, I have started color coding the summary. Dito kasi sa per shop dive na ka-indicate na siya. So if it's in blue, that means it went down from last month. Last month it was 93K. And then this month it's now 8970, so blue yan. So we've gone ahead and done the same thing for the summary. Kung tumahas from last month, it'll be in red kung buwa ba in blue and the 4080 has remained the same rock steady. We'll do the summaries first. Actually long story short, not much has changed pricing wise. Yung nabangit ko last month na medyo mahirap makukuhan ng supplies ng 7900XTX, that is still true. We are getting shipments in but there are only a few units per shipment so a lot of the suppliers sell out fast. Although I've noticed that the shops reporting na may 7900XTX sila, they still have stock or at least they're still reporting na available. On the invidio side, the 1650 went up very slightly. It's maintaining its below 9000 price point so far. 3050, a slight price decrease, very slight. 3060, slight price increase, 100 pesos or so. The 4060 had a price drop so it is below 20K at the moment for the average price and it's basically neck and neck with the 3060. I've often wondered why that's the case because the 4060 is the newer card, it's a faster card. There's no reason why it would be selling for around the same price as the 3060. The 3060 should be cheaper significantly than the 4060. Take note that the 3060 we track here is the 12GB version. Now, there might be some purists who argue that well, you're only getting 8GB of VRAM with the 4060 compared to the 12GB of the 12GB version of the 3060. But even then, performance when you rank 3060 12GB versus 4060, the 4060 comes out on top. So there's really no reason why there should only be a 200 pesos difference or so between them. But that's one positive side of the release of the 4060. Either the 4060 comes down to be kind of close to the 3060 or the 3060 goes down. So at least there's been some good price movement because of that release. Slight price increase for the 4070. These are actually pretty good prices for the 4070. Like we have an ASUS 4070 which is around 40K or so. So in the deep dive, we'll see what brands these are, probably Galax, Palit. But this is a good average price. Again, we take note of the cheapest price per GPU. But there can be a lot of price variants between the brands. 4080, same price, and a nice price decrease for the 4090. Okay, so starting this month, we're going to be tracking the 6600 for AMD. Just so difficult to find 6500 XT anymore. And we started off with an average price of 12,480. We did get good sampling. For the 6600, we had three samples. Yes, three samples. And you can take note here dito sa summary natin. I put if we are unable to get the full four samples. Because that can have a big impact on just how representative talaga the price is. The smaller the sample size, then maybe it's not a great snapshot of the market in general. For example, the 7950X out of the four shops, I was only able to find one that carried it. 7700 XT again debuting this month at a very reasonable 30,000 pesos. The 7900 XTX went up actually slightly. So it's been bouncing around. So it's been majested at 66 in June, July, August. Had a price decrease in September and now we're back up to almost 68,000 actually. So we're seeing prices like it's closer to its April price rather than in the succeeding months. I just again to point out the price disparity between NVIDIA and AMD. Roughly the 7900 XTX is comparable to a 4080. So there's like almost 20,000 pesos difference between those two cards. The 7900 XTX is already the top of the line of AMD. It is way cheaper than the top of the line of NVIDIA. Nice run of lower prices for AMD CPUs. Again, as we pointed out earlier, this is only from one store. So take it with a grain of salt, but it did go down by a nice amount compared to last month. Same with the 7800X3D. 600 pesos or so, not bad. 7600X went down also slightly. 5600X also went down by around 500 pesos. So not bad. Surprisingly, the 5600G went up slightly. Although I'm not really surprised because the 5600G is a very popular CPU. It's a good performer for its price. And it's so good that you can even do gaming on it. So we do have a lot of first time customers coming in. Either they want an office build with a bit of kick or they just want something that can play games like Dota 2, Valorant to a certain extent. The 5600G is sells well at the shop. And that's in comparison to the 5700G, which not a lot of people look for kung bagayong big brother niya. Yung mabenta talaga is yung 5600G. Even now, kahit nungabas na yung AM5-7000 series ni AMD. The R5-3600 data is all over the place because you notice like 5,000 closer to 6, then 5, 4, 5, 4. Wala umahanap last month and then this month it's closer to 8,000. Because I sometimes have to list data for 3 types. So 3 types CPUs are still legitimate CPUs, but they don't come with a box. Sometimes they also don't come with a stock cooler. So sometimes it's just really the CPU in a plastic case. So here at Price Watch, we tried to get as much pricing data as possible. Kung hindi available yung regular box type version, we list the trade type, which is why the prices are a bit all over the place because these are prices for the trade type. Here, the current R5-3600 available is the box type. But I think only one shop has it. Yeah, it was only one sample size. So again, not very representative of the market. 3900K went up slightly weird because, well, baka the 14th gen hasn't been factored in yet here. The 14th gen performance is actually very similar to the 13th gen at a very similar price. So you're getting slightly better at a slightly higher price because they are basically the same chips. Intel added just a little bit to some of the chips. But basically they didn't add a whole lot and the performance and the pricing reflects that. 1300K, slight price decrease and the same price for the 12500. So long story short, prices have not changed a lot for October. If you're still waiting, if you can't wait, I would wait. Historically, let's take a look. Are there price decreases for December? Not really actually. Actually, we could do a whole price watch episode on that. We're looking at the data from 2022. We used to do this weekly. So this was the last reported data from December before January. But you can see like this should be December. Not a lot of price movement from the past months, the weeks leading up to December. So actually, I will probably focus on that next price watch episode like do PC retailers in the Philippines discount come Christmas time. We'll do our traditional deep shop dive. So Wedge had slight price decrease for the 1650. Most GPUs remaining steady, 4070, a slight price increase actually. So we should change that. 7,850, same price and the price increase for the 4090. Price increase for Roy for the 1650 and the 3050, decrease for the 3060. I would expect there to be decreases. 18K, this is a good price. Like closer to 18K rather than 19K. This is also a very good price for a 4060, 19,000. 4070 at 38, which is already cheaper than its previous price. No 4080 for Roy. Same price. Joker had just price decreases. Good for Joker. This 4060 is above 19K but considering it's an MSI in Ventus that's probably within the ballpark, this is a bit pricey though for a 3060, 1900. You notice it wasn't decreased from last month. Same pa rin. For Wash, price increase for the 1650 and the 3060. Again, these are crazy prices. It's very clear here. The 3060 is more expensive than the 4060 by a substantial amount over 1,000 pesos and there's no rationale. There's no performance reason or I couldn't justify. I have no idea why the 3060 is more expensive than the 4060. 4070, bit price increase. Price decrease on the 4090. For the AMD GPUs? Last month was really terrible for data on again why I decided to switch up the AMD GPUs that we were tracking. It's very difficult if you notice here for last month to find any kind of data. We're doing much better for this month when we switched up the GPUs that we were tracking. But now we don't have historical data so hindi to color coded since there's nothing to compare it to from last month. Not much movement at all in terms of CPU prices. Just checking if I actually tallied the data and compared it properly but mukhang tama naman. Not much of a change. Roy in particular doesn't have a lot of CPUs. They tend more towards the entry level market but they're actually a very big retailer but they struck out on all of our Intel CPUs and half lower AMD CPUs. I'm surprised wedge doesn't have a 5600G. These are very big retailers in the PC space in our country but even they have gaps in their inventory and weird pricing differences. Why is the 4060 cheaper than the 3060? But that's why we do price watch so we can try to get a snapshot of the average prices in the industry. So if we didn't cover the CPU or the GPU that you're looking for at least you can compare ang ballpark nila compared to the prices that we have listed here and the historical performance of those prices. Not much has changed honestly from September. New hardware has been released but there hasn't been an effect yet on the market. It hasn't dragged down the prices of older hardware. We'll see if that happens in the coming months and we'll see if the Christmas season would be better than last Christmas season where there wasn't a big change. So that's it for October price watch. If you do buy now enjoy it. If you can wait a little bit maybe prices will get a bit better because they haven't changed much from last September. Thanks for watching. Wabenta rin kami ng fully assembled rigs. We clean computers. Kasama na rin yung excellent table management namin and CPU cooler repasting sa cleaning. We also clean and repaste GPUs. Nasamakati yung physical store namin and you can also buy from our site www.hwsugar.ph na 100% palaging up to date yung inventory dun. Kung instock yung item sa amin available yun sa site. We also ship nationwide. Thanks for watching and maybe one of these days mag-ita tayo sa shop.