I'm Leila Buzba and thank you for attending my lightning talk on dope, the drug ontology parsing engine. If you've ever had to look up information on a specific drug like methylphenidate, also known as Ritalin, you've probably visited sites such as the National Library of Medicine or have visited a drug database like drugbank.com or if your drug in question was illicit, you've probably visited the DEA's website. You've also probably realized that it's a little tricky to get the information out that you need and after a couple hours you eventually get what you wanted, but how was your experience? Most likely it was boring. You may have also realized that key pieces of information that you need are spread across the resources. A piece of information may be available on one resource and another on a different resource. Frustratingly, sometimes the resources can just be plain contradictory. Enter dope, the drug ontology parsing engine. The frustration that came with searching these sites for specific bits of information like what are the street names for Ritalin or what classes of drugs does Ritalin belong to anyway eventually motivated the development of dope. And our package designed to not only provide a comprehensive database of over 4,000 drugs, but also parse free texts and identify known drugs. Before we get into a brief demonstration on how dope functions are used, the following slides will provide a high-level overview of some of the key functions within dope. The parse function at its core parses a function that takes in the corpus of texts and returns known drugs. For example, this messy data frame with the vector text drugs includes problematic characters like slashes and dashes, but it also contains some information that I personally don't really need like few days on, few days off, milligrams, dosages. So parse is just going to strip all that out. When I pass in the messy data text drug vector into parse, I am returned with a vector of 11 possible drug names. The parse function takes in the text drug vector, filters out any stoppers and then utilizes a role-based natural language processing model to identify and extract the drugs in a phrase. Stopwords include a combination of three domain independent lexicons from Julia Silves and David Robinson's tiny text package and a set of domain-specific stopwords that we have established. What we have as a result is a vector of 11 possible drugs. Then there is the family of the lookup functions. Once you obtain your vector of possible drugs, then it's time to look them up. Dope contains one main lookup function and two helper functions. Lookup can take either a vector of drug names or multiple strings and looks for any possible matches within our comprehensive lookup table. Because some drugs belong to multiple classes and categories, they can have several hundred possible synonyms. Heroin alone has over 500 synonyms. For this reason, we have developed a lookup function called compressed lookup. So in this example, I want to lookup speed and dope two individual strings. The lookup function returns the original word plus its class, category, and synonyms associated with those classes and categories. If I pass that lookup table to compressed lookup, I actually get the same results because speed and dope only belong to three unique classes or categories. The only column that's missing here is the synonym. Finally, what if you wanted to want to adjust a vector of synonyms? We have a function for that, too. Lookup sin takes in a category and returns all the possible synonyms within that category. And if you accidentally type in a synonym instead, the function will return a message suggesting a different query using the category or class instead. In my example, I try passing dope, which is actually synonym into the lookup sin function. The function returns a suggestion that maybe I might want to lookup heroin or marijuana instead. After looking up marijuana, I get a lot of synonyms. So in this example, I've taken just the top five. Now it's time for a brief demonstration. In my demo, I've gone ahead and loaded the library dope, which you can install dope from Pran or from GitHub, and the McGridder package. My story in question states, I was at a party and I started with some percocet and Vicodin.  My buddy Keith took Alprazolan, 25 milligrams, and he snorted zip. Now I'm trying to get a few NX. Let's see what parse fits out or end the lookup functions. So the first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to pass in story to my parse function. If you look over at my console on the left hand side, you see 11 potential drugs return. I see Vicodin, I see Ambien. These I know are drugs, started, Keith snorted. I'm not sure about those. They could be potentially synonyms. Let's find out the ideal way I would actually use these functions are in a sequence. I would take story and I would pipe it. Yes, pipe it. Dope actually supports the pipe into parse, then take that resulting vector and pass it into lookup. And because I suspect that there may be a lot of synonyms for some of my drugs, I'm going to go ahead and pass it into compressed lookup. And for simplicity, I'm going to go ahead and pass the results into view. When I run this code chunk, what I get are two known narcotics, Berksa and Vicodin, a depressant, a possible stimulant or cannabis, as it belongs to either category, and a treatment drug. We envision dope as a tool to enhance hypothesis generation in substance use research. Dope has the potential to analyze large batches of free texts collected from sources like social media and public forums where those seeking information on substance abuse can be extracted to catalyze further investigation. In a future release of dope, we will include several new capabilities, including allowing the user to define their own list of stop words, the parse function, and partial matching for misspelled drug classes and categories. Finally, we hope to build a web app, a front end to dope, with dope the package at its core, utilizing a more sophisticated natural language processing and machine learning algorithms to be able to extract more accurately actual drug references from a purpose of free texts like those found in clinician notes. The possibilities are endless and we are always open for collaboration. Before I wrap up this presentation, I want to take a moment to give a shout out to my team, Dr. Raymond Belize at the University of Miami Division of Biostatistics and Dr. Gabriel Odom at Florida International University School of Public Health Department of Biostatistics. They have been awesome to work with and this package couldn't have been formulated without them. I also want to take a moment to acknowledge the clinical trial networks for their support of CTM94. It provided not only support but also the timeline follow back files that motivated the development of dope. Thank you so much for tuning in and I'm happy to take any questions.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards rip in 23 tops tier 1 baseball hobby 12 box case number 19 random division style Here is a link or a look again at your random results As always you can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat It's good. Look everybody. We are gonna do the gold packs for tier 1 for tier 1 number 19 Again, we're gonna roll the dice whatever name is on top after seven times. We'll get five gold packs. So good luck everybody one two three four five six and seven going to Peter M Peter M Congrats Peter M getting the gold packs. Good stuff, buddy All right Reese with a spot. No huddle. Thank you Reese. Why appreciate you buddy All right here. No, here we go. All right. Good luck everyone. Good luck Injected all into my veins show a show. Hey to Boston. Please. No, please. God. Please. No PLZ. No show. Hey in the AL East. We don't need show. Hey in the AL East unless he's on the Yankees, then I'll take show Let's like relax Let's relax. What if what if Emma what if Red Sox scouts are watching right now, right? Bernie Williams the 199 Jake said it. Maybe we should go for sure. I just went there for the inks. I know Now that's gonna be the rotation next year. It's gonna be all freaking Jake's fault Jonathan L with a personal we got Robert D with four in no huddle. Thank you, Robert Salvi Perez nice one there for the angels fifth or not the angels the Royals 15 of 99 It'll make sense of why I said angels after this Congrats on that nice one there at KC going to the angels Mike Siani to 299 rookie. No, that's a Oh boy. All right. Sorry about that Cincinnati Reds. So it's going to the NL central Salvi ale central in Bernie Williams alies So good Lord. We are losing that already Lost it a long time ago long time ago Long time ago Oswald. Whoa See 400 Oswald Parazzo Hold the phone That's it. That's it. We'll see you Yeah, okay Whew, that's nasty dude. It's indeed Oswald Parazzo Nice one there Congrats, uh, alies. How about NOS cut auto one of one Duke Snyder? Congrats on that go into Stephen M Stephen M on the Duke Snyder cut Juan de Juan Hell yeah, man Go Stephen. We'll take a cut all day. That'll work. That will work We'll take cuts We hit those right there. We hit those Alist is going to be Oswaldo Cabrera at a 249 Nice one there Zang with a couple of spots Hobbs taking a spot in uh, uh, no huddle as well. So thank you there card within a card exactly And to the ale central will Brennan on the bronze ink to 25 So cool, man. Take that for the card stand Card standaroni. Yes, sir That's cool, man. That's really cool It's really freaking cool. What a case man. NOS, uh, Walker Bueller Nice one there going to the al west again to Stephen his other spot Ichiro To 50 let's go man. That will work 38 of 50 al west Stephen M again Congrats, Stephen. Get that into a mag as well and stone Garrett for the nl East nice one there stone Garrett. Good lord, man Unbelievable is Phil negro to 400 for the analyst On the game use relic Either joshua picking up some personals tonight as well We've got nice 10 of 10 and a west alec thomas Alec thomas on the silver ink auto Grat on that one nl west And then go into the nl east uh to 299 jj bladay still marlin in this miami marlin's rookie auto Congrats on that one got a full case of nt at the end of the night as well everybody All teams are on sale for that 25 to go All teams on sale for nt All right, we are gonna start off with a alec manoa or an alec manoa to 400 for the aleast This one's cool ale west six of 10 silver ink tori hunter nice one there six of 10 flipping over the Right field in fenway legend tori hunter. Yep Poppy. Oh, yeah, and two at 299 is marcus wilson for the ale west. Hello smack Smack smack. Goodbye might riley green ale central. Nice one there to 400 Grats on that again ale central We've got mr. Oswald for raza going to the ale east We've got ale central 39 of 199 mark, uh, bueller burley Nice one there congrats ale central peter a Jake jaco like that one That was that was a nod to jake and 24 of 25 bronze ink david cone going to the nl east We're still be watching on that. I was one of that said i'm turning this off now That is a uh alex verdugo ale east nice one there to 400 Congrats ale east doogie doogie aleast again alondro kirk nice one there to 299 The meatball love alondro kirk jonathan l with a personal brandon g with a spot in archives And and to 299 cody thomas a cody thomas for the ale west a med risario ale central to 400 on the jersey 172 out of 400 Got nl central to 299 is o'neill cruise Congrats on that o'neill cruise Um again everybody we've got that mixer 26 to go select and choice mixer 65 a spot 26 to go that is going to be to 299 use the lds ale east rookie auto on card 68 out of 299 Very nice as well keep it moving here hockey time Oh boy, that's st john's the volts What's up? Oh, it's on after it's on tonight on tnt show. Hey, it's a 99 nice one there ale west So it should be back to doubleheader on tnt. No, this one's on ballet. It's just the bolts. Oh, gotcha. Okay Uh, jose can seiko to 199 tier one talent auto ale west Seiko one half of the bash brothers and rookie auto of michael grove To 299 nl west as well 195 out of 299 True. Yeah ale east to 400 To 199 ale east is masataka yoshita. Haven't seen him on uh, I haven't seen him personally in tier one yet So congrats alvin with the ale east nice one there on the yoshita rookie auto 128 out of 149 In tier one talent raise legend now on the marlins, uh, joey wendell to 249 nl west Yes, no not wearing any batting gloves on that one. Geez dude. Dale murphy to 199 Nice one nl east and at least as well robinson cano as a new york met Oh random, but we'll take it Nice one there congrats met nl east And at least again this time rookie auto 249 is Francisco alvarez Yeah, you can tell that it's very true von. It's starting to get more and more chaotic Very true And nice one ale east one of 10 louis tion Nice one there louis or louis tion Al east one of 10 last box will mires go to the nl west Oh, we have the padres 384 out of 400 Will mires We've got auto for the al west edgar martinez 64 out of 149 and go into the al central to 299 bow nailer Nice one there 208 out of 299 Congrats on that al central all right quick recap here everybody will start off with our relics We've got will mires Robinson cano dill murphy mariano Rivera shohei amed risario alexa verdugo Riley green alec minoa phil nichro a walker bueller uh John carlo no oswald peraza and bernie williams true Basically the same player bow nailer edgar martinez francisco alvarez joey wendell masataka yoshida a michael grove jose canseco useniel dias oniel cruz alejandro kirk uh kody thomas um mark burley That is a oswald peraza marcus wilson stone garret jj bladay oswaldo cabrera mike siani louis louis tiont david kohn torey hunter alec thomas will brennan salvador perez mags cards we had an each row to 50 for the mariners and then one of one cut auto of duke snider Congrats on that one that'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the phil coming up next is 10 box tuesday


Do you know what is contempt of court and is there any constitutional or statutory provisions regarding contempt of court in India? To find answer to these questions watch the video till the end First let's see how the concept of contempt of court originated See this concept originated in England in England several centuries ago The judicial power was vested with the king that is the king served as the judge at that time There was no separation of powers So to product this judicial power of the king the concept of contempt of court originated Then after some time the concept of separation of power emerged at the time steps were taken to separate the judiciary from the Executive so the judicial authority was vested in a panel of judges who acted in the name of king Since the judges acted on behalf of the king the violation of the orders of the judges was considered an outriggers act against the king himself So anyone disobeying the orders of the judiciary were held in contempt of court. So this is how the concept of contempt of court evolved So at present disobedience to judges or obstruction of the implementation of their directives Become punishable for contempt of court. This also included comments and actions that showed disrespect towards the courts as well Now what is the objective behind the concept of contempt of court? See it is to safeguard the interest of the public because if the authority of the court is belittled Then public confidence in the administration of justice will be weakened or eroded This might result in the collapse of the entire judicial system So the concept of contempt of court is necessary for the judiciary to function smoothly See contempt of court can be of two kinds one is civil contempt and the other is criminal contempt. First, let's take civil contempt Yes, civil contempt means willful disobedience to any judgment Decrease direction order writ or other process of a court or willful breach of an undertaking given to a court This is about civil contempt now moving on to criminal contempt a criminal contempt means the publication of any matter Or doing any other act which scandalizes or lowers the authority of any court Here the term scandalizing the court refers to something that brings the authority and administration or law by the courts into Disrepute creating distressed and disbelief in the minds of the public at large a criminal contempt case Also includes the publication of any matter which interferes with the due course of any judicial proceeding or abstracts the administration of Justice in any other manner here the publication could be by words Spoken or return or by science or by visible representations So basically the difference between civil and criminal contempt is that in case of civil contempt the order of the court is not followed And in the case of criminal contempt the authority of the court is lowered Having covered the basics now. Let's see constitutional and statutory basis regarding contempt of court First is article 129 of the Indian Constitution See article 129 declares the supreme court as a court of record and the supreme court shall have all the powers of your court of record Including the power to punish for its contempt of itself Next is article 142 class 2 see it states that the supreme court has all and every power to make any order for the purpose of Securing the attendance of any person the discovery or production of any documents or the investigation or punishment of any contempt of itself So basically article 142 class 2 of the Indian Constitution Empowers the supreme court's verdicts and rulings to be enforced The article 142 class 2 also states that while performing its duty The supreme court may issue any verdict or order which is necessary to provide complete justice So this is regarding provisions that empowers the supreme court as far as the high court We have article 215 see article 215 declares high courts as a court of record And that it shall have all the powers of such a court including the powers to punish for contempt for itself So these are all the constitution provisions regarding contempt of court in addition to this We also have a statutory provision under contempt of court's act 1971 But what is the necessary for this act see if you notice carefully Although article 129 142 class 2 and 215 mentions contempt of court. It does not define what contempt of court is So it is the contempt of court act 1971 which defines what is contempt of court We saw the types of contempt of court right. They are defined by the contempt of court act 1971 See civil contempt is mentioned under section 2b of the contempt of court act and the criminal contempt is mentioned under Section 2c of the act here the punishment for the contempt of court is also provided in this act According to the act contempt of court punishes the guilty person with imprisonment that may extend to six months or Five enough rupees two thousand or both See the act also provides some production against the contempt of court proceedings As per section 3 innocent publication and distribution of matter is not contempt That is a person will not be guilty for anything published in connection with any pending Civil or criminal proceeding if at the time of publishing the person was not aware that the case was pending in court Then as per section 4 fair and accurate report of judicial proceedings is not contempt That is a person shall not be guilty of contempt of court for publishing a fair and accurate report of judicial proceedings Then most importantly under section 5 fair criticism of judicial action is not contempt That is a person shall not be guilty of contempt of court for publishing any fair comment on the merits of any case It has been here done finally decided by the court Then there is section 13 sections 13 states that no court shall impose a sentence unless it is satisfied that The contempt substantially interferes with the due course of the justice So basically only if the court is satisfied that the contempt interferes with the due course of justice The court can award a punishment for contempt of court. Finally, there is section 20 Section 20 places a time limit to initiate contempt of court case proceedings Section 20 places a limit of one year from the date on which the contempt is alleged to have been committed After this period of one year contempt of court proceedings cannot be initiated So this is all with respect to constitutional and statutory basis regarding contempt of court Now, let's see the necessity of contempt of court one by one See the contempt of court is necessary to ensure the supremacy of the judiciary in the young democratic country like India The judiciary is the last option of hope for the citizens So maintenance of supremacy of the judiciary is a necessity Then the existence of civil contempt helps ensure that courts orders are obeyed if courts orders are not obeyed Then our society might slip into chaos Then contempt of court helps product the judiciary from personal attacks If the judges are subjected to personal attacks, their judgment might get tainted Then for the proper delivery of justice the judgments must be made by independent judges without any biases Currently in our country even though there is a separate law dealing with the contempt of court The issue of trial by media is on the rise The advent of 24 hours news channels has only amplified the problem These news channels are functioning based on their vested interest So if there is no contempt of court act these news channels will push the country into complete mob rule Then India continues to have a high number of criminal contempt cases Which validates the necessity of the presence of contempt laws Finally although the contempt of court was enacted in 1971 the constitution makers included it in our original constitution in article 129 142 and 215 So there is a need for contempt of court in our country although it has its merits It also has some demerits associated with it Justice Fully as Nariman once famously said criminal contempt has fallen into disuse in most of the civilized countries around the world But not in India. So there are some issues with it. Now. Let's see some issues Firstly the contempt of court is against the fundamental rights guaranteed under article 14 and 19 See contempt of court provisions has some features that stifle our right to freedom of speech and expression So basically in a democracy even the courts have to be tolerant towards criticism This is the first issue The next issue is that the language used in contempt of court act 1971 is very vague Since the language is vague the courts can interpret the provisions liberally to prevent constructive criticism as well In some cases the contempt also violates the principle of natural justice There are various instances in which the judges acted according to their self-interest So this is against the principle of natural justice Then some use the contempt of court proceedings as judicial overreach See we have incorporated the concept of contempt of court from the British But right now contempt laws have been abolished from the United Kingdom itself So some people are of opinion that the concept of contempt of court does not find a place in modern democracy Finally, there is the issue of overburden Already our judiciary is plagued with a huge backlog So the high number of contempt cases pending in various high courts and the Supreme Court further overburden the judiciary So to conclude we can say that the scope of the contempt must be limited to willful disobedience of Directions or judgments of the court Also steps must be taken to remove the scandalizing the court part and the language defining contempt must be more clear So that the discretion in interpretation can be avoided I hope now you could understand the concept of contempt of court and the constitutional and statutory provisions regarding it These types of topics are very important in the aspect of mains examination To know more concepts like this watch the Hindu news analysis of Shankara IS Academy regularly. Thank you


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