We are also honored this morning with the presence of our elders and with this whole week their insights, understanding for what is going on with us as young people, the words of wisdom that have guided us the entire things of the way. We've decided that it would be good to have a panel discussion with them to discuss each one of them in their own words. What is important, what we're doing, how it works with indigenous purposes, what respect means, whatever comes to mind it comes with our heart to share with us this heart. So we'll begin with this end of the data and work our way down to the other hand to ask her, I mean to turn up. I just spoke away about a conversation and that will be the beginning of our morning. Haida kawa. Haida we have two ways of saying it to you, two ways of saying thank you. Kawa is to me just a common thank you. If you're speaking to a man greatly respected you say how us die. If you're speaking to a woman greatly esteemed you say how a cool job. So for Chris, wherever she might be right now. I think the one thing. How a cool job, Chris. And to all of you, how us die before this entire week that we have been together, really together and transformed. How us die, how a cool job. I will be honest. We have gatherings in Ottawa. I look at my time and if I have a free moment I rent home, talk to my wife or see my grandchildren. But when I'm out of Ottawa, I participate more on the evening sessions, et cetera, et cetera. And also I think I mentioned last year and you before, although we have on a schedule, not very much on in-week issues or that sort of stuff throughout the week.  And I put in my 100% effort to share with you about my past, about my culture, about my family, about my experience. And I learned also lots from some of you who share your personal stories on METI and First Nation World. Thank you very much. Something struck when I was talking to my elders back home. It was so far back. It was still called Eskimo Point. Now, I'll feed it today. This gentleman has a strong feeling of passing on his language and culture to a younger generation. And he did that by recording what he believed and talking to young people what he believed. So I want to share with you just a very short reading from that man. He's no longer with us today. His name was Donald Suluk. And it's called Searing Knowledge. And this was recorded or written in 1987, sharing knowledge by Donald Suluk. Young people often ask their elders about life long ago. They ask about many things. And the person who is asked to explain as best as they can. Although there are some things that are no longer being done, many things are whole true today. Like having to wear a right kind of warm clothing to go out hunting when the weather is minus 40, minus 50. These days our elders and our young people have different kinds of knowledge. Elders know about things practiced long ago. And young people know more about how things are done today. For the good of everyone, elders and young people should communicate and share their knowledge. It is not good for a person to worry about something for a long time. When they can't do things properly, they tend to give up. If they worry, they begin to look worn out, like a person who is too tired, too cold, or too hungry. This can happen even when it appears there is nothing else wrong with their lives or with their relationship with others. If a young person's parents behave badly or don't act like adults, the young person may become very unhappy. And he will worry because he can't talk to them about it. He or she knows it is not her role to advise his elders. We should try to be good parents so that our young people will be happy. We should try to make sure our young people are not about us or afraid of us. Everyone knows it is frightening for young people when their parents are unhappy because the youngsters have nowhere else to turn. Parents must act properly. They should not just try to be bossy and make young people afraid of them. Being very frightened and making people comprehensive won't make things any better. I always told that we have to be wise like our elders. And of course, I have been also told that even sometimes elders do things that are wrong. And this is by Leid Daniels, who looks at Wachwiet. I really love sharing it. That's all for me. Thank you. I was struck by some words of John's this morning. He said that when he discovered he was Haida, he began looking for his heritage. I guess we have that in common because when I discovered that I was Metis, I thought, that can't be possible. There was a family gathering in Central Alberta and we didn't know whether we belonged to that group or not. But my niece and I went. It was a Sunday that we went down and we thought we would check them out. If we liked their looks, they were in. We would accept them as family. And if not, well, we would look elsewhere. But it turned out that they were all related to us. So they were in. But meeting that group that evening for supper, they had gathered at an old family site. And there was a family graveyard there. So that was the activity we checked out the graveyard. But that evening for supper, there were 1200 people that were served. So my goodness, and I thought I was an orphan. You sort of wonder which is better. But it was quite lovely. And also among this group was a genealogist from Edmonton who had been studying the Metis of Western Canada for quite a few years. And he was delighted to meet us because he had been researching our family as well. Later on, he and Gail Moran collaborated in producing a book on the Metis of Western Canada. So we have that thing in common, John. I didn't go as far as you did. But then Metis are nomadic people, so how could I? I've really enjoyed being with you all this week. I feel that it's quite a privilege to have listened to you as individuals, but also to learn what you're working on and what you're attempting to do in terms of relating to Indigenous people. It's almost like a dream come true to meet you and to know that there are people who are interested in our history and our lives and are doing something about it, even if it is just recording the history or whatever you're into researching. There needs to be a lot of further research into the health of Aboriginal people. When I was involved with the study of chronic diseases for Metis people, we know that our physiology is different from First Nations and Inuit. We were able to identify what were prone to the kinds of diseases that will affect us. It was not a happy picture, actually. I found out that I'm prone to heart disease and other circulatory illnesses. But it made me realize that in identifying some of the diseases that would affect us as a family, it was useful to know that we weren't at fault in our lifestyles for developing these kinds of diseases that we were already prone to them in some way. I hope that there will be more research in that area of physical illnesses, but also I understand that there's a new illness that is affecting the Inuit and it's sort of diet related. I just heard this about a week ago from a friend of mine whose husband has had this illness for over a year. It seems to be an intestinal disease, but probably, and it's very early in the diagnosis of that disease. I hope to get more information about it because in my working with the Inuit, they have enough to cope with without developing another disease to worry about. I'm glad to hear that Dr. Kirtmaier and his assistants in Montreal are working on studying Aboriginal mental health and probably just preparing some tools to address the issues. Finally, we are beginning to have a lot of psychiatric nurses and also even psychiatrists are cropping up amongst our population, so that's all good news. I think so much needs to be done to develop proper tools for examination and diagnosis that are suitable to each of the groups. There's a whole raft of research projects out there that you could undertake, should you wish to. This to me is a good start just to know what work is going on and perhaps what work that you will continue in the future. I've learned a great deal this week and I'm one of those that I think John described as looking tired and not well, but I'm just tired and today my hair is tired, so what can you do? David and I went to the Community Action and Police Committee meeting last night and I'm sure he's tired today. It's a committee that is made up of, it addresses race relations and diversity and each of us have been selected by our communities to represent our community on that committee. The committee is made up of most of the ethnic groups in Ottawa, but there are still a few missing. There are two groups of Somali people in Ottawa and those groups each have a representative on this committee and there are Muslims and everybody, African people. I just feel so privileged to be able to relate to representatives from those different groups. It's an opportunity to get to know them and to understand their histories and actually with the black community we've discovered that their history is similar to ours in terms of being shifted around and persecuted to some extent. When my great uncle escaped to the United States during the real resistance, that impact had on our family was quite explosive actually. First of all, the name change took place. The people in this little community of our family went off in different directions so that the whole family structure was. I guess we sort of went underground, although I didn't know anything until I started researching my genealogy. They dispersed to northern Canada and the western Canada and also to the United States, to Michigan and to Montana particularly. I'm continuing to sort out who these people are. Two years ago I discovered that we have Blackfoot relatives. My niece and I went to this. That was my daughter and I. I get those two mixed up because they're very close to me. Only one's dead. Anyway, we went to Montana to check them out. I followed the family of this great uncle. When he came out of isolation, he sent for his wife. She packed up the kids in a wagon and drove from Central Alberta to Montana. She had to go to anybody that she met on the way. She told them that she was going back home to South Dakota or somewhere. That's the direction she went. Then went into the United States and figured out where to go next. At least she had gotten out of the questioning period. The danger of running into people that she knew. Then when she stopped in the United States, she met a person who was traveling by horseback from Montana to this area where she was. She asked him if he knew her husband. He said yes. She said, well, when you get back, you tell him that where I am and I'm not moving another step until he comes to get me. She was sick and tired of driving these horses. The kids and the cows and chickens and extra horses all his way across Canada. Anyway, she was a teacher. He was a rancher. His homestead is still in Montana. The family uses it as a summer home. He's a legend in that area because he was a sharpshooter and an excellent hunter. Of course, he knew how to survive in the wilderness, which may not be useful today, but certainly was then. It's interesting that the action of one person can really fracture a whole community or whatever and causing them to spread out into different areas. You'll probably find that in some of your readings as well, that there used to be a community here, but they left. Our family never talked about anybody, relatives or whatever. I remember one night, I must have been about three or so, but I was wakened up in the middle of the night that we had visitors. There were two men who were traveling through our area, and I was frightened of them, but I was being shown off to them, well, here's our latest baby, blah, blah, blah, but I didn't want to have anything to do with them. They were very white, but they were my mother's brothers. I remember that one was named Isaac, and I had never heard that name before, so I didn't want to have anything to do with them. When I began researching my genealogy, these two guys were going north. That's all I remember from that. I didn't even know what north was. But anyway, it was something quite exotic according to the atmosphere in the room, and I believe that they went north to the lubricant settlement and established themselves there, and the community is named after them. So I probably have relatives there, but it's on my to-do list to check them out. The Blackfoot outside of Calgary were very welcoming to us when we went there, and their descendants of my great-grandfather had six sons, and some of them, well, with the dispersion of everybody, some went to Montana and into married with the Blackfoot Nation. One of their descendants was adopted by the North of Calgary or somewhere, and they adopted him. He grew up with them, and they adopted him, and in the 60s he became their chief. It's a sick-sick reserve just outside of Calgary, and there they have this wonderful museum. It's so beautiful and has such extreme artifacts. In the foyer, they have huge paintings of all of their traditional chiefs and in their regalia and wonderful feathers and the whole thing, and it comes together like this, all these separate portraits.  What word? Where's the regalia? But anyway, I've talked too long. I want to wish you all every good success in your work and also as you grow and overcome some of your shyness in venturing into the lives that you've chosen. I hope you will realize and appreciate the fact that the Creator and the spirits of our ancestors will be with you. Thank you. We were going to have her speak before, but I guess she had to go out for a minute, but I just want to say thank you for the invitation that I received for the university to come and speak on behalf of the people. I'm sitting here and listening to my elders speak about their knowledge and their people, and they were chosen to come and speak on their behalf. And I'm thinking about all the things I received to help me understand about the history of our people and all the medicines I received to help me understand who I am as an individual, as a megalomal person. I'm trying to make this short like, because I can be long winded. Our brother received his blanket that represents his community, his family, his brothers, his sisters, connecting with the animal spirit, which is the eagle clan and the crow clan, and learning about them and connecting with them and connecting with the land. Like I said, our people were always connected with the land, but they have forgotten. And we're here today to remind them a lot of our people back home need to stand up and take a hold of this, who they are, and be proud and value themselves. An elder had shared something with me a few years ago, what she had gone through, what happened to the screen. And she had received a peace pipe, and she didn't feel like she was worthy of it. So one night she went to bed, and the creator, Great Spirit, whatever you want to call him, or the guardian angel, came to her and asked her, why would you not feel worthy to carry this peace pipe? He said, you were chosen to carry these things to help your people. And she didn't know that word in her language, so when she woke up, she turned to her husband and asked, what does this mean?  These are your ancestors, these are the tools, or the medicines, I wouldn't call them tools, medicines that our ancestors carried, and we're just carrying them on. I just received a little bundle from my elder here, and I thank her. And like I said, the last 30 years of my life, I've been collecting my bundle and learning about the sacredness and to value that, because that's part of me. Our ancestors used these medicines to help them with their spirituality, to help them with their health. They honored all the animals and prayed to them when they took their lives. Everything was so sacred, and I said, oh my God, we were beautiful people. I had to feel that pride, I had to instill that pride back in me. And using all these medicines helped. I sat with an elder one time out west, and my first spiritual gathering I went to. And she said, while we were talking, she said, I seen a drum beside you. Have you ever asked for it? I said, I don't think so, because I don't know anything about this stuff. And I didn't, because my parents weren't brought up with it. So, well, a drum is coming to you, and if you do this is what you should do with it when it does. I said, oh, okay. And she told me a lot of things. We were up all night, I kept the poor old lady up, but I had to pour out my heart. Anyway, the drum that some people hold represents the whole community. The whole universe. There's the animal that they took the life of a deer, or an elk, or a moose, whatever they use. And the tree, and then whatever design that's on there or a logo, whatever you want to call it, represents something. Especially the big drum, the teaching that came to me from a young man, I don't even know who he is. Like I said, when the spirit moves people, they'll share their stories. And it represents the whole community, the people that are there to help one another. We talk about the beat of the drum represents the heartbeat of Mother Earth. And I know there was more to it than that. So when that teaching came to me, I said, that's it. And I'll share that teaching with you people. I haven't shared it with our people yet, not too many, maybe one on one. Because I would get overwhelmed by this. The big drum on the top part of the drum represents the women. That's why it's the heartbeat of Mother Earth, the women. And the bottom of the drum represents the man, not because he's less than us, because he's the hunter. He's closer to the land, goes fishing, provides the food for our people. The straps that ties the two hides together represents the council members. The people that work for us, the medicine men, so forth. And the other one that goes the other way represents the people. And we all hold on to one another as a community. And the stand that some don't have stands, but that's okay. There's a reason behind it. The stand represents the creator that holds us all. All these teachings, like everything we make, there was a purpose behind it and a meaning and there was value. These are our bundles we carry. We carry the whole community. We speak on behalf of our community to bring healing to our people. They take back their bundles to honor themselves. And I thank you that we can share, because we had talked about bridging that gap, sharing those teachings. And there's a lot more. Like I said, I can go on and on and on, but I'm not. I'm going to have to stop myself because there's my sister here that needs to speak to. But I thought I'd share that with you. And because you're trying to learn about what our people are about. Like I said, there's so much more. And a lot of our people don't have all this knowledge also. So we have to bring that back, because it has been lost or forgotten, because he was beaded out of them.  And this is your bundle you're going to carry to bring to your people or to acknowledge the elders in a sacred way. Like I said, I thank my elder. And I had shared a few things about the bundle yesterday, because some people said, what is a bundle? Well, you have your own bundles there too, I see. The knowledge, do you want to carry the knowledge? That's a lot, not only for our people, but for your people to gain understanding. Well, Aliyo, thank you. So I have to say, I would like to share a song after. That's okay? Absolutely. Okay? Absolutely. Quick, okay now. I was told I had my microphone on wrong. So I said, I have to button up my shirt? He goes, no, you have to put it lower. So I have to unbutton my shirt. People say I bring a lot of sometimes humor and I sat, and why do that too as well? First of all, we have this understanding too, as well as part of like the clown medicine. We also have a lot of stories about the trickster. And what the trickster reminds us is sometimes too, we get so serious, that don't take yourself so seriously. Life's not meant to be serious all the time. We're here also to enjoy ourselves, that we have a good life. A good life is pamadzuin. So that's why I try and incorporate humor, because I do a lot of events. And one event was very heavy. And dealing with not only the disclosure, for example, of the murdered and missing, and for example, the residential school. So afterwards, it's a reminder too as well, because it changes your energy. And I always say that, I always remember that too, especially too as well. And I see that school can get pretty intense. Going back, I was going to say to as well, one of the things I learned this week too, is that there's good food here? And speaking of food, I love listening to, for example, Farrah. And she mentioned one of the biggest things is the Jerusalem artichoke. And she brought samples here on the table over there. And that's indigenous. It was an indigenous food product. And she was wondering why it was lost, like First Nations stopped using it. And I said, well, you've got to also understand too as well when the history and how, for example, for us, it's different again because of the reserve system. Even then, you were watched so much. And the degradation of the knowledge included the degradation of our understanding and connection to plants. Even when I was a little girl growing up, we had a medicine person across the road. And the police would come in harassing saying, if you make medicine, we're going to throw you in jail. And so people don't understand the system of oppression that we've been through. We didn't understand it either until all this residential school, TRC, came out. For us as Algonquin too, as well, the uniqueness is even recently. I had to digest all that is that this whole residential school system started here, Ottawa. The founders of Ottawa U, the old Blake Brothers, again, played a big part of that in the creation of the residential school system. And so that's why when we talk about reconciliation, I'm glad that we're in also a learning institution because it evolved to a learning institution, but also too as well. An example is, if I remember correctly, in 1941, one of the statistics is they had 41 residential schools across the Dominion. They had 61 outposts and 18 Indian hospitals. So for us as Algonquin and Nishnabek here, too, as well, yes, we were chased off this area too and there's stories about Indian hunters and the creation of our reserves and the scatter of our people. And coming from Lake Attu Mountains, which is by Oka, which is a traditional lands, and leaving there and spreading out to Quebec, Ontario. And I remember one of the stories too, as well, they said that is they didn't like us very much at these outposts, these newcomers, but every time we'd leave and try to get away from them, they'd follow us. Because if you read in the history books too, there was this love-hate relationship and because they needed Indians to survive because of the knowledge again of the plants, the land, the game. So again, and here we are today. So that's why I brought the little display too, as well, over there in the corner and from our cultural center. The example is I spoke about the canoe, but I brought in the snowshoes. One pair of snowshoes was made by Elder Kamanda, but it shows our housing. But even the snowshoes, that was knowledge in itself. Like the average hunter would have about four pairs of snowshoes, because again it was because of the consistency of the snow, they would be different. So that's knowledge too, as well, our housing, and you'll see the cradleboard. So there's all teachings towards that. Now we're going to go really quickly. So one of the sessions that I didn't sit in yesterday is what they spoke on the grandmothers. And I've been part of the grandmothers for a number of years. I wasn't an official grandmother until two years ago. I have a grandchild, but I've always been a helper. And even when we were small, my mom was very insistent on the culture and the language. And we were four. I remember going to the powwow at Bittaby Lake with William. And we'd have Indians from all over the states and the region. And I always remember going back and one summer, we liked going there because we were like, kids running wild. And when we'd meet other Indian kids and we'd learn our dances and run in the bush. And I remember this as a little girl. We were going there because he'd go camp. And my parents having to go straight because the police were there. And the police were there to stamp out the fires. And they were threatening to arrest everybody for what we take for granted today. We even have powwows here now on Carleton University. And the powwow was also just a celebration of coming together. Like I said, if you look at the winters here, sometimes you didn't survive. So you celebrate that you survived another winter. So that's what the powwow gathering is. And you dance. And what my sister said here was also to do with the drum. We call that odewey gun. It's a hard instrument. And you drum. And you dance. You drum in honor of being alive. To honor that you're still here. So that's why, and then with the grandmothers, just really quickly, what we did in our community, we would meet in the lodge. And some of the things that we've done is like we did a restorative justice session for a youth. And I talk about that because then we had, that was, people wanted to know how effective that was. So I wish I had more time. I would talk about that. Also, they would talk about, we went with the court cases too, as well, with the right to hunt and fish. Plus also too, as well, this whole lands claim. So there's big issues in terms of also like historical. And that's why I like sitting down and I'd say myself too. So I always found myself to say, you're an elder. And I said, I feel funny about that. I said, because I've always been a helper. And I'm not sure. And then I do try and get elders. I said, you want to come and talk in Ottawa? And he said, no. So the elders told me to go ahead and speak because I'm in Ottawa. I work in Ottawa. I work at Minwash and Lodge. But at the same time, I'm still connected back home. We do the language symposiums and stuff like that. So now to close, I brought a little, I had a little poster done. And it's maybe just a little summary of, I always said that it's done by Douglas Cardinal, who used to come and sit with us also in the Lodge. And why I, I need a little stick. I'll go down here, son. Why I brought this to as well is because what he did was, he explained to me one day why he made this poster. And I know it might be a little dim from the way back. It was the two world views. You have the non-native world view and a native world view here. And he started at the top. He said like, the native, if you look at the parliamentary system, it operates, he said it operates on man's law. So it's a hierarchy system. Even the government is a hierarchy system. While the native view was in a circle, it was based on nature's law. And it's based on off the land and in the circle, everybody. So this would represent again, like the consensus system and the system here of majority rules. And the leader or the king makes the decision. So again, then you go down to as well, like with, he said, like again, the person at the top rules. Again, this one is also to always incorporating nature's law. Here they had, he said patriarchal system. It was a patriarchal system. And it's the dominion over nature and conquering our own nature. Well, he said there's more of the matriarchal system, but I think it's more matrilineal system. And where women are at the center, also the power, and you share power. The second part really quickly is what he looks at is also to as well, like it goes with the justice system. And the system tends to be like, where they have the half man here, is that it's based on good and evil. Either good, you're either good or you're evil. You either pass or you fail. In an educational. And the native justice or understanding is that we're all on our own journey here and we're all born innately good. But sometimes we fall off our path as we come here and it's like the crooked good. So how do we get back on back into balance and nature? Then again with the education system, it's like knowledge. The understanding is, he was saying that people, even with children, they were born tabla rasa, meaning they're born with clean slates and all you have to do is fill them up with knowledge. But the native understanding is we're also born with our own spirit and inner knowing. And you're only smart when you have your degree or diploma or whatever. But the other understanding too as well is that it's also your intuition. So he's saying like, this is powerful too, passing down knowledge from generation to generation. But also the native understanding is not coming from knowledge, it's also powerful because that's the creativity. And it's almost like the left brain, right brain. So again too as well, like the institutions here, you have like your computer labs and we have the lodge. The thing is too as well on both sides, one comes with the nature. The other one is the creation coming from the creation of cities. And he always said too as well, there's no right or wrong way, each system has its merits and each system has its, what's the name for that? There's the merits but also what's the opposite of merits but drawbacks. And I think our biggest, biggest challenge, especially to, and I see that too as well, like as we're gathering here today, how do we balance both systems? Because if we overdevelop too much here, what are we doing to the earth? And so that's where I think when we're coming together for like what we're doing this week, I think that's our challenge to as a people and for us as our understanding is too as well because we're here for the next seven generations. We're here for such a short time. And what are we leaving behind for our future children's children's children? And that's where, what knowledge to and our actions. So I guess that's it for me. So I say mi guach. I don't know how I'm going to do this and hold this gadget. Hold that gadget. This song I'm going to sing is not from our territory. It's from, it's from up this way. I'm not sure exactly what tribe but it's further up north. And but this man that came to our territory and shared some of his stories and his knowledge and his songs, he gave us a song to use. It's a healing song. You might know once I start singing it. And we're here together to heal one another and to help one another and to share our stories and responsibilities for being here on Mother Earth. And not to feel bad about it or anything but let's do some actions, you know. Like I said, a lot of the stuff I've learned my parents didn't know this or my grandparents and I've learned this, how to carry my bundle and I had to go out west to go for my spiritual healing and things started coming to me slowly. But like I said, it has to come slowly because if it comes too fast, these healings, it's overwhelming, it's overwhelming. So I'm surprised I didn't get too emotional because I do. I mean, I would have had everybody crying here. We don't want that. So when I did this song, I think it's a healing song, a healing bear song. So, I'm going to take off your... Hello. These bears, I said let's go there. There's two bears.    I'd like to thank very much from the heart David and Joe and Esther for their services through the week and taking care of our needs and answering our questions. It's been an honor to serve with you and I look forward to doing it again. We're going to be on break for 15 minutes and I'm going to say one thing. I've been debating this in my mind whether it would be understood or not, whether I should say it. Sometimes when I do that, I shouldn't say it. Say it. But I am going to say it. I looked around the room, I noticed that there are... First, I was preface by saying we hide at people. I made sure I called a mantra, you know. I looked around the room the other day and I noted that only four or five of us in this room are working together are men. The rest are women. And it's a good and a right thing because I think we men have dominated this universe for way too long, this world, in many places other than here. And to keep in mind what I believe it was Chief Joseph when he said, a people is not defeated. A people are never defeated until the hearts of their women are on the ground. Thank you for honoring us with your presence and with everything that you contributed this day. Every woman, every man here. And we reconvene in 15 minutes.


Okay, move out. We have come to think of weapons development as a revolutionary process. However, many weapons are the direct descendants of earlier versions first developed generations ago. The Minutemen of Lexington and Concord used a gun which was the forefather of the M-14 rifle. Even the giant rockets of today's space program are descended from Dr. Robert Goddard's far-sighted experiments in the early 1930s. The tank was also once the crude expression of a primitive idea. But it too has evolved into a more familiar and vital weapon. The tank was first conceived by Leonardo da Vinci many centuries ago. It is from the First World War that we can trace the origins of the modern tank. After the initial German advances into France, the great armies of Europe faced each other across the long, static lines of the Western Front. After three years, millions of men had died in the continual effort to break through. The strategist reasoned that if only sufficient numbers of men moved to the front and charged once more against the machine guns and barbed wire, they were bound to get through. But again and again they failed. The stalemate continued. For many months, a few innovators in the British Army had been working on a solution. A mobile armored vehicle which could carry enough firepower to destroy machine gun emplacements as it led the troops through the lines. Finally, in September 1916, the British launched the first mass attack with the new weapons. They were called tanks. A term army intelligence hoped would deceive the Germans into thinking these new machines carried only water for the troops. The engagement was a brilliant success. In a war that had dug in, settled down and taken cover behind hundreds of miles of trenches, the tank, however primitive, could actually break through, opening the way for the infantry. While England continued to develop more efficient models, the French and Germans were soon producing their version. The Italians were quick to pursue their own tank program, which included some rather vigorous field tests. Perhaps they expected too much. The final year of the war proved the enormous value of infantry and armored cooperation. The tank had brought back movement and mobility, once denied by French warfare. And it reinstated this movement with a merciful cut in casualties. In 1916, during the first few hours of the Battle of Stombs, the British lost 60,000 men while advancing only a few thousand yards. While at Cambrai, with strong tank support, only 9,500 men were lost during an advance of 10,000 yards. It was a new era of warfare, although it still remained for Hitler 20 years later to convince all those who still swore by the cavalry. The tank had been designed to break the stalemate, but when it helped force the Germans into full flight during the last weeks of 1918, it was obvious that this tough but sluggish vehicle would have to be reconsidered and improved in future years. During the 20s and 30s, the major powers continued to develop the new weapon. At Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Maryland, new designs, ideas, and better equipment were worked on. The hull was modified, and various solutions to the difficult problem of suspension were sought. When they worked under the limitations of a peacetime budget, the German army secretly prepared for war. Colonel Guderian conceived the true role of the tank in the modern army. His idea was to force a lightning decision by committing masses of tanks in combination with motorized infantry, artillery, and aircraft. This was the revolutionary Tank School of Warfare. When war finally arrived, theories suddenly became realities. Poland was overwhelmed by the speed and striking power of a modern mechanized army timed for a war of movement, the Blitzkrieg. When the Panzer Division struck a few months later at the Low Countries in France, they swept the defending armies out of their way. In a few weeks, the western front had fallen. The world had changed greatly since the days when the great armies clashed in 1914. Each nation worked to improve their tanks. The Russian T-34 carried a powerful weapon which inflicted heavy damage. The United States M3 General Grant played a key role in the early years, but the side mount of the 75-millimeter gun provided a limited field of fire. Newly developed British models proved to be the key to victory at El Alamein. Before General Sherman, the first medium-type tank to carry its main gun on top of the hull possessed the mobility and firepower to break through defenses with swift and telling effectiveness. The trenches no longer sheltered regiments of huddling men. The infantry, artillery, and engineers had mobility and security of movement never known before. During the last years of World War II and in the late 40s and 50s, the United States developed several improved tank models. But the main emphasis of our defense policy was devoted to the perfection of nuclear weapons and the capability of delivering a fatal blow to any potential enemy. The armed forces developed increasingly sophisticated missiles and the race for space committed the United States to a heavy program in this new technology. These developments supported the policy of massive retaliation, which President Eisenhower and his advisors believed would deter the Soviet Union from any act of full-scale aggression. However, the challenge of communist-inspired local conflicts or wars of national liberation required a more flexible response and conventional weapons. At the vast tank plant in Detroit, Michigan, plans were formulated to meet these new demands. A new tank, one of many, the M-60 had to be developed and produced. Engineers from the Army began to work on the designs with specialists in research and development. After many months, they came up with the final blueprints. A prototype was built and sent to government-proving grounds for testing and evaluation. First the M-60 and later the M-60A1 proved that these models had achieved a high degree of protection, firepower, and mobility. It was simple to operate, durable and reliable. It had to be all these things to meet the requirements as the Army's primary assault weapon. The firepower consisted of a 105-millimeter cannon and two machine guns. All weapons can be fired from within. A computerized fire control system brings the full fury of the tank's guns on any target with telling speed and accuracy. For many months, the tank underwent a vast variety of tests. It churned through grinding sand which would quickly have reduced a lesser vehicle to a pile of planking rubber. The M-60 is powered by a 750-horsepower air-cooled diesel engine, capable of moving the tank some 300 miles without refueling. It thundered through muddy swamps in the cross-washed-out gullies, always moving under perfect control while the continual check on brakes, acceleration, and the control system went on. The vehicle can easily cross man-made obstacles and climb vertical walls as high as three feet. It remains completely leak-proof as it travels through four feet of water. At the conclusion of the test, it was judged that the new tank had met all the requirements to become the Army's main battle tank. It was ready for production. Center of production for this mammoth job is the government-owned Detroit Tank Plant, which is operated by the Chrysler Corporation and supervised by the project manager M-60 Tank for the United States Army. Organization is on a vast scale. More than 500 separate companies in 25 states and Canada supply the equipment for the tank, which is assembled at the plant. This scene is repeated many times as separate groups of engineers develop every detail of each component. Product improvement never stops even though tanks are rolling off the assembly line. It takes a whole department merely to keep track of the constant engineering requirements, notify the right people of the change, and make sure it appears on every tank built after a certain day and hour on the production line. It's a complicated proposition because a crucially important change in one part usually touches office series of minor changes in related parts. The hull starts out as a cast steel shell, but shortly every inch of it will bristle with all kinds of complex and vital equipment. This particular hull is the master. It serves as a checkpoint for all others and as a pattern for the fixtures. The accuracy of each fixture must be constantly checked against the master hull. At one point the welders work as a coordinated team on both inside and outside. The hull is placed in a cradle which can rotate and hold it in any position to eliminate the hazards of overhead welding. Inspectors check the 500 weldments. For inspection the hull is then painted. The overhead cranes easily move the 12 ton hull. The one and a half million square foot tank plant has produced over 35,000 tanks since it was built in 1940. At another station most elements of the suspension system are installed. One of the four torsion bars is inserted, one end being secured to the hull, the other end to an arm which carries one of the wheels. Action snubbers and track support rulers also go on at this station. Those on in all sections of the hull simultaneously. From here all the way to the end of the line a bank of drawers feed the tank its seemingly limitless supply of parts. Finally the power pack is placed into position. The work is complete on the hull when the track is attached. Now the vehicle can power itself through the end of the line. While the hull has been in process of assembly the turret which is the fighting center of the tank has been receiving all its complex maze of equipment. Here the tank gets its 105 millimeter gun but the gun would be useless without a network of sighting, sensing, computing and signaling apparatus which must be painstakingly checked and tested. The gun is in line and on target. Time to join the turret and the hull. What tank builders call the married. 48 volts under 90 pounds of compression assure that this marriage will last. The tank is completed but it is still far from being accepted by Army inspectors. They're conducted by experienced test drivers. 15 miles at low speed. Followed by 15 miles at medium speed. The top speed of 30 miles an hour. The first 45 miles is called the break-in run. It is the first phase of a rigorous testing and inspection program. The tank climbs a 60% slope and stops. It is run for two minutes, turned off for two minutes and then must start again in one minute. A similar test on a 36% slope makes sure that the fuel will continue to feed the engine in extreme position. The tank must not only be water tight but air tight to safeguard the crew from chemical gas attacks. Every tank goes through similar tests which are evaluated both by military and civilian inspectors. After the tests have been checked and approved, the tank is ready for shipment to our troops. They are loaded onto specially designed flat cars and transported to bases in the United States or ports for shipment overseas. The M60 series understood the need for versatility and adaptability. They saw other needs for the tank. The basic M60 chassis has been adapted to other important military uses. This armored bridge launcher produced at the Detroit Tank Plant demonstrates its rather unique value. The overall performance characteristics are equivalent to the main battle tank but the turret has been replaced by the bridge and hydraulic launching equipment. With a crew of two, the vehicle can launch or retrieve a 15 ton scissors bridge in just two minutes. The bridge holds at mid span for easy transportation on top of the vehicle. Speedy and efficient, the launcher provides an important addition to today's fighting force. Another application of the M60 chassis is the combat engineer vehicle. Equipped with a hydraulically operated bulldozer mounted on the front of the hull, the tank can perform a variety of tasks including the removal of roadblocks, filling in gaps, ditches and craters and for general demolition and construction work. Carrying a crew of four, the vehicle operates in forward combat areas where the heavy armor provides protection against explosion, small arms fire and shell fragments. A 165 millimeter cannon designed to fire at short ranges with extreme accuracy can be used for demolition work, creates its effectiveness in action during combat exercises. Over the past few years, the M60 and M60A1 tanks have achieved an outstanding record of performance and reliability. With infantry units, the tanks meet heavy fire from enemy tanks and anti-tank guns, fonds immediately with pinpoint accuracy. With a man 105 millimeter cannon, the M60 series tank can destroy targets at sufficiently long ranges and in such numbers that the full effect of the tank's smaller weapons can be brought to bear on the remaining enemy. But that it is an impressive weapon, but it is also a highly versatile weapon system. To give the tank commanders their choice of infrared or visible light to use as the situation dictates, a dual search light has been developed. Xenon light can be converted quickly to infrared, enabling the crew to zero in and destroy an unsuspecting enemy in the dark as well as observing about at night without being observed. The feature of the tank is the water-forging kit. After the tank has been properly sealed and the kit assembled, it is able to negotiate lakes and rivers up to a depth of 13 and a half feet. The open conning tower serves as an observation and guidance post for the commander as well as an intake duct to provide air for the crew and engine. More like a submarine than a tank, the ability to continue the attack in spite of waterways which once proved a formidable obstacle is a major advancement in the continuing development of the tank. The Army developed its impressive main battle tank. Today the constant search for refinements and improvements continues. The Army is now concluding the final development of a more advanced and versatile weapon, the missile firing M-60A1E1. Today's tank is but a distant relative of those primitive vehicles that first crossed the muddy fields of Flanders 50 years ago. As the developments continue, the tank will remain one of the most important weapons in our arsenal of defense.


What is up you guys I'll go back to another one if you're new to the channel I'm Goldpony at the new car truck SUV reviews on YouTube and today we're in the brand new 2023 Nissan Leaf courtesy of younger Nissan in Frederick Maryland for more information on their inventory please feel free to check out the link in the description box below and so we're at this one today because this is the cheapest electric car available right now in the US and there are some changes for 2023 including taking five trim levels down to only two we'll get into that and the pricing all on that in the second here but this one also actually still qualifies for the $7,500 tax credit which not all electric vehicles can say right now so that's also a very big plus for this one as well so ultimately in this video we will be testing out and going over everything about this one from acceleration to braking steering from ride quality sound system so having said that what do you guys say let's just go ahead and jump right into it and as always let's start with pricing that's it for 2023 there's five trim levels are taken down now to only two first one being the s being the one that we are in today actually starting at $28,040 then there is the sv plus for $36,040 but with those two trim levels there are actually two different power plants to go along with them for the s trim level that one is powered by a 40 kilowatt electric motor putting out 147 horsepower 236 pound feet of torque sent to the front wheels zero to 60 time approximately 7.4 seconds with a range of 149 miles and it can charge from zero to 80 percent in approximately an hour in case you're curious about that but then there is that other power plant that one belonging to the sv plus trim level that one is powered by a 60 kilowatt electric motor putting out 214 horsepower 250 pound feet of torque again power sent to the front wheels zero to 60 time approximately 6.5 seconds so about a full second quicker to 60 there with a range coming in at 212 miles so now i've got all of that out of the way what do you guys say let's go ahead and find a straight away keep in mind we have the less powerful s what this year today but let's put the acceleration here to the test and let's see how quickly we can get this one here up to speed all right here we go go baby whoa a little bit of a skid there dang i like it yet that is play quick especially for scooting around city streets but 0 to 60 7.5 that's pretty darn quick and the cool thing about electric cars is whenever you see a number like that it's always going to feel a heck of a lot quicker than his gasoline powered counterpart because of that instant torque that you get with electric vehicles so that was a heck of an acceleration definitely puts a smile on your face for like the little zippity-ness like if i were to just hit it right now it throws your head in the back i'm telling you and it slips a little bit that's a fun acceleration even for the s well done Nissan and that's another reason to like electric cars but anyways to go along with that acceleration as always braking is equally important so as expected you will find four wheel ventilated disc brakes coming standard as far as that 60 zero stopping distance goes it comes in at 121 feet as far as braking fuel goes if i were to let off the gas right now it is going to bring me to a complete stop because there is a little button called e-pedal located just in front of the shifter and that gives you that one pedal driving mode and i have pressed that now you don't have to press that you can leave it out of that e-pedal or the one pedal driving mode and essentially it's going to operate kind of like a normal car we actually have to use the brakes to stop but if you do press that e-pedal drive mode that is going to bring you to a complete stop gradually ever so gradually without you ever having to hit the brakes which is going to save you on some brake pads and i think it's personally staking cool in electric cars when they have that because not all of them have that honestly so anyways then touching on suspension and handling up front you're going to get an independent strut type front suspension in the back torsion beam rear axle front and rear stabilizer bars as far as ride quality goes it's actually been perfectly fine on my short little test drive here today like it's actually been pretty darn good if i'm being honest it's been absorbing the road to perfection it's perfectly fine so ride quality is actually impressed me here as far as cabin noise goes electric cars always crush it with that because there's no engine noise or anything like that there's been really no wind noise coming into the cabin no road noise it's actually been kind of on the luxury side of things quite honestly so i've had no issues there as far as steering feel goes and it's a little bit on the looser side of things a lot of times with electric cars you get a heavier steering feel specifically with tesla and that is not the case with the leaf so i wouldn't have minded if Nissan kind of heavied up that steering feel it's probably the wrong way to put it but made it a little heavier of a weight to the steering that would have probably been a little more enjoyable to drive now having said that it's not bad it's just definitely not even close to as heavy as a tesla that's all i'm saying but that touching of visibility speaking of there's a tesla in my rear view mirror right now i can see perfectly fine out the back so definitely not gonna have any issues there either but that pretty much rounds out the performance segment of this review you guys let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior of our brand new 2023 Nissan Leaf all right so here she is you guys the new 2023 Nissan Leaf finished in gun metallic in case you're curious of the exterior color name that we had on this one but as always let's go ahead and start with where the leaf is made taking a look at the van first character is the number one indicating that the Nissan Leaf is built and assembled in the u.s specifically Tennessee in case you were curious as a final assembly point but let's go ahead and start up front of course with it being an electric vehicle there is no front grille but instead this is a pretty cool little design to it there's actually like little shapes located within that front grille and hopefully i can get some of this on camera but it's actually a pretty cool little design to it so i'm definitely a fan of that is it's different i think that's why i like it because you don't see them any other vehicles but also just above that you can actually find the charging port charging port is located above the Nissan logo which is again a little bit different than most other electric vehicles out there so i wanted to highlight that to the sides halogen headlights do come standard for the s that we have today but for that sv plus you will find led headlights with led daytime running lights automatic feature does come standard with both trim levels so that's definitely nice also though automatic high beams coming standard for both trim levels essentially what that is so when you have your high beams on at night and it senses a vehicle coming in the opposite direction it's going to automatically dim them back to low beams then when that vehicle is gone it's going to automatically then bounce it back up to high beams for you so that's pretty darn cool and with the sv plus you also get fog lights down below that we don't have with us here today so can't show those to you guys but there pretty much rounds out the front end of this one let's now go ahead and make our way to the side all right someone else says they are around to the side of the leaf black windows surrounds do come standard floating roof line towards the back on that c pillar that definitely looks good highlighted in black kind of differentiating the roof line from the rest of the body chrome door handles do come standard of both trim levels as you guys can see body color power adjustable side mirrors coming standard but they will be heated with the sv plus trim level if you wanted heated side mirrors then take a look down at the wheel setup 16 inch steel wheels with covers coming with the s trim that we have today that of course is what you guys are looking at and then 17 inch aluminum alloys coming with the sv plus but that pretty much rounds out the side profile let's now go ahead and make our way to the back all right so now since we are around to the back of the leaf all the way to the top you got a body colored shark fin antenna just below that rear spoiler with an integrated brake light just below that rear window wiper as well I see that they have done away with the zero emission badging and the trim level badging back here as well that's a minor change for 2023 remember seeing that for the 2022 model year so that is kind of interesting I don't really think it's a good thing or a bad thing it don't really matter to me quite honestly but just below it all you're actually going to find a pretty darn cool looking rear diffuser front and center there underneath so I think that looks pretty darn good of course this is an electric vehicle there is no exhaust so there will be no exhaust clip as expected so having said that what do you guys say let's just go ahead and make our way to the interior of the 2023 Nissan Leaf all right so now since you are around to the back of the leaf when it comes to opening that rear liftgate it is a manual liftgate for both trim levels of course once opened up cargo capacity comes in at 23.6 cubic feet if that was not a little space there is a 6040 split meaning the rear seats do fold down bump that up to an even 30 cubic feet then there is some cargo lighting back there a cargo cover is going to be optional and of course there is a hook for hanging those charging cables which actually of course you get with the leaf and you can just hang them up back there so that's pretty cool but anyways they make our way up to the rear legroom 33.5 inches so for reference I mean even six feet tall this is how much space I have back there there is no rear center armrest but there is cupholders kind of to make up for it and that's found kind of on the floor separating the two rear passengers there and there's a little bit of rubberized storage just in front of that so that is pretty cool no rear ventilation as well but there is dual rear usb charging ports so if you have your passengers or your passenger kids they can stay charged up on their tablets or cell phones so that is pretty cool as well so then making our way up to the front seats manually adjustable cloth seating coming with the s however you do get an eight-way power driver seat with two-way power lumbar for the sv and then heated front seats for the sv trim level as well but to my surprise honestly these s trim level seats the manually adjustable seats they were perfectly comfortable for me personally so definitely didn't have any issues there then taking a look at the steering wheel it is tilt and telescoping it will be leather wrapped for the sv heated as well for the sv trim level and I like the flat bottomness to it I think that's a pretty cool little design element so for our s trim level of course it will be wrapped in urethane but then making our way to the startup let me start by showing you guys the key here essentially all of your buttons are located on one side of the key got your Nissan logo to the top lock unlock and that button to unlock the charging ports up front there as well but it is all keyless entry with a push button start so all I'm going to do here simply put my front of the brake and press that whitish engine start button located kind of just in front of the shifter and buttons there so when started up there is kind of a seven inch digital cluster found on the left speedometer then found on your right and of course you can adjust what is on that digital gauge cluster by using the steering wheel mounted controls found on the left side of the steering wheel there giving you things like how many miles you have left until you run out of range also gives you an outside temperature 64 degrees today that is not too bad battery temperature got kind of an eco power driving statistic up there as well along with the time of the day so pretty much everything you could possibly want on the digital portion of the gauges there then making our way to overall interior quality there is an overhead sunglass holder that does come standard automatic climate control also coming standard meaning you can simply just set a temperature and the vehicle automatically then hit that for you auto dimming rear view mirror coming with the sv trim level only and actually I wanted to elaborate on the shifter a little bit here because it's definitely different than most shifters that you uh traditionally will find in other vehicles but I like the blue accent to it but to shift it into drive you slide it to the left and down to shift it into reverse you slide it to the left and up neutrals directly to the left and then P is going to be parked so you just press in on the silver part of the shifter there so in case anybody was curious about that I do like the blue contrast stitching also found in this thing on the doors as well as the seats themselves so that's a pretty cool look but just in front of the shifter you got your e-pedal button you got your eco driving mode and a little bit of rubberized storage got dual phone charging ports a 12 volt power outlet behind the shifter you have a couple cup holders a little bit of storage and within the center armrest just a teeny teeny little bit of space or a little bit of storage that you can have in there as well so overall it's very practical there are some hard plastics but overall it's pretty much as expected and honestly for the price point it's not all that bad but then taking a look at the infotainment screen here an eight inch color touchscreen display will come standard bluetooth and audio streaming coming with that intro at auto apple car play we'll get factory navigation system if you go with the sv trim level and of course you can check out your radio information up there as well so when it comes to the sound systems there are two of them depending upon the trim level of course we'll get four speakers for the s that we have today and then a six speaker sound system for the sv so having said that what do you guys say let's go ahead and turn on the radio see what we got playing this morning and let's test out the clarity of this one all right so the bass was okay clarity is as you would expect a four speaker sound system to sound like so honestly it's not the very best i like i said the bass was okay but this is more of a this is more of a podcast type of sound system if i'm being honest but anyways last thing i want to mention to you guys on that infotainment screen of course is when you do put the leaf in reverse you will find a rear view camera coming standard across the board you will get that kind of chime sound since it's an electric vehicle so people walking behind you know that you're actually backing up so you don't end up hitting them and you actually get a 360 degree monitor as well on the sv trim level in case you wanted that bird's eye view but as always that is going to lead us into safety so to start front side side current airbags do come standard driver and passenger knee airbags as well in the back you're going to have latch aka lower anchors to tether to children for the rear car seats rear child door locks type version monitoring system but also coming standard forward collision warning automatic emergency braking with pedestrian detection intelligent lane intervention blind spot monitoring system with rear cross traffic alert rear automatic braking and intelligent trace control as well so overall when it comes to my final thoughts i'm going to put it this way this is the least expensive electric car available in the u.s. today if you take that s trim level and you apply the $7500 tax credit which like i said is still available at the time we're making this video that puts you at a price of $20,540 so many people are saying right now that electric cars for the most part are unaffordable that doesn't apply to this one because $20,540 that's the same price as a Civic or a Corolla or a Sentra that is an affordable electric car so just keep that in mind also very nice acceleration of this thing and you typically will find that with all electric vehicles out there love the one pedal drive that doesn't always come standard on all electric vehicles out there sometimes you do have to hit the brakes but with one pedal drive it's going to save you a ton of money on not having to hit the brakes with having to change out brake pads or resurfacing rotors or changing out the rotors or that's going to save you some money there so i like that too as far as road for improvement goes the only real thing i could think of is well maybe two things but less range than the competition but it's also less price than the competition so if you want more range you're gonna have to pay more for it so if you want a less expensive electric car this is a solid option for the price point also the interior quality isn't the best but it's to be expected at this price point and the sound system is pretty basic as well but anyways let me know what you guys think in the new leaf in the comment section below and that is about it for this one you guys thank you so much for watching if you're free to follow me on social media if you want to see what's coming next on the channel before it gets to youtube be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're into new car reviews because that is what we do here on this channel after all do appreciate you guys watching more than you know i will see you guys all in the next video stay gold


This video is going to be on how to graph to solve systems. Now I'm going to look at some systems that aren't graphed. We have to graph them. And how would we do that? Well, there are a couple ways that we could do this. One way we could do it is just to pick points. So I'm going to take care of this first one here, 2x plus y. I'm going to pick some points. In fact, I'm going to let x be 0. If x is 0, then I have 2 times 0 plus y. And that's equal to negative 3. So I know that y is negative 3. And if I let y be 0, then I have 2 times x plus 0, which is my y, equal to negative 3. And so that's 2x equal negative 3 divided by 2. And x is equal to negative 3 over 2. Or some of you may prefer to say that that's negative 1.5. It might be easier to graph if we think of it as negative 1.5. And two points would give us a line. So 0, negative 3, 1, 2, 3. Notice our scale is 2 on our graph. But each dotted line is 1. And then negative 1.5, so here's negative 1. And negative 1.5 and 0 is my x-intercept. And I can kind of draw my line. And it won't be perfect here because I don't have a straight edge since I'm doing it on my thing. Well, let's try the same thing for the other equation. You got your x, you got your y. We're going to let x be 0. In fact, I should do this in another color. Let x be 0. So now we have 0 minus y is supposed to be equal to negative 3. So that tells us that negative y is equal to negative 3. And y will be equal to 3 when we divide by negative 1. So 0, 3. And then if we let y be 0, we'll have x minus 0 is equal to negative 3. So the x-intercept is negative 3, 0. So 0, 3 is the y-intercept. And negative 3, 0 is the x-intercept. And if I draw my line through there, it looks like I have an intersection point right here. And that point looks like it is negative 2 and 1. And you can double check if you want to. 2 times negative 2 plus y is supposed to be equal to negative 3. And this is negative 4 plus y, y was 1, my fault. Plus 1 is equal to negative 3, and that's true. And if we do the other equation, negative 2 is our x minus 1, which is our y. And that's supposed to be equal to negative 3. Negative 2 minus 1 equal negative 3. So it satisfies both. We know we did it right. All right. So how else could we have done this? Well, another way that we could have done it was to solve for y. So if I take the top equation, I have x minus 4y is equal to 4. And I can subtract the x from both sides. So I have negative 4y is equal to 4 minus x. And then I can divide by negative 4, everything. And that gives me y equal to 4 divided by negative 4 will be negative 1. And negative x divided by negative 4 will be plus 1 over 4x. Now I know that this value here, the negative 1, that's my y-intercept or my b. And this 1 fourth right here, that's my slope. So I should be able to graph it using this y-intercept and the slope. Y-intercept is negative 1. And then I go up 1 and over 4, 1, 2, 3, 4. And then I go up 1 and over 4, 1, 2, 3, 4. Or remember that this could be and could also be the opposite of 1, which is negative 1. And the opposite of 4, which is negative 4. So I could go down 1 and to the left 4. And I'm going to start from my y-intercept so that I can get to the left part of my graph. Down 1 to the left 4. And again, down 1 to the left 4. And if I try to graph my line, that's not going to be the easiest thing to do. But I can try to get them in there. And if you have a straight edge on your paper, it's much easier to do. Well, I need to do the same thing then for my second equation. And I think I'll do that under the graph. We have 3x minus 4y equal to negative 4. So we subtract our 3x. And we have negative 4y equal to negative 4 minus 3x. And we divide everything by negative 4. And we find out that y would be equal to positive 1, negative 4 divided by negative 4. And then a negative times a negative again is going to be plus 3 over 4x. Well, this is my b. So b is 1, 0, 1. So I'll graph that. And then this is my slope. So it means I'm going to go up 3, 1, 2, 3, and over 4. 1, 2, 3, 4. Well, if you look at that, if I do it again up 3, 1, 2, 3, and then over 4, 1, 2, 3, 4. I can see that I'm getting farther and farther away from my line. So I probably need to come back here and try m is equal to the opposite of 3, which is negative 3. And the opposite of 4, which is negative 4. So that tells me to go down 3, 1, 2, 3, and over 4. 1, 2, 3, 4. And down 3, 1, 2, 3, and over 4. 1, 2, 3, 4. Now, you probably realized that the point I graphed before that was actually the point of intersection. But I wanted to be able to draw the line. But there's our point of intersection. And that point of intersection looks like negative 4 in the x direction and negative 2 in the y direction. I find that if I set it equal to y, it's a lot easier to graph and it's a little more accurate because I can use my slope to help me get the points. So we're going to use this one. x plus y equal 8. Solve it for y. So x plus y equal 8. I have to subtract the x from both sides. And then I have my y equal to 8 minus x. So if I graph this then, I have 8. And let's go up 8. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. And then I'm going to go down 1 and to the right 1 because that's what the negatives and positives tell me. So down 1 to the right 1, down 1 to the right 1, down 1 to the right. And so on. I need to get several of these in here. Oh, I'm not drawing my line very well, but we can guesstimate when we get this second equation in. It says that x is equal to 5. Remember with one variable equation, you either have a vertical line or a horizontal line. This says that x is always 5. So if I come to x equal 5 and then find points where x is always 5, it's going to be this vertical line at 5. And then if I look closely, I can see that here's my ordered pair and that would be 5 in the x. And if I go across, I've gone up 3. So it's 5 3 is the ordered pair and we can double check. 5 plus 3 is 8. And of course, x is equal to 5. Alright, now let's look at this example. If I subtract x from both sides here, I'm going to have y is equal to 2 minus x. That was a pretty easy one to do. And let's go ahead and graph that one. You've got 1 2 is our y intercept. And then we're going to go down 1 and over 1. This is a negative slope again. Down 1, over 1, down 1, over 1. Or up 1 to the left 1, up 1 to the left 1. And I get my line. And my line looks something like this. Now, if I had to take this equation, I would subtract 3x from both sides. So I have 3y equal to negative 9 minus that 3x. I'm going to divide everything by 3. And I end up with y is equal to negative 3 minus x. So let's graph that one in red. 1, 2, negative 3. And then I need to go up to get to my graph. So I'm going to write my slope as positive 1 over negative 1. That's still a negative 1. Up 1 to the left 1, up 1 to the left 1, up 1 to the left 1. And I could use my slope from my y intercept. So down 1 to the right 1, down 1 to the right 1. And if you look at these two lines, what do you notice? These two lines are parallel. And if you look at them, parallel lines have the same slope. That means they're going at the same rate. So they're never going to cross. So there is no solution here. These lines will never have anything in common. This is also called inconsistent. It's inconsistent with the solution. When we did our other examples, they were consistent with the solution. And these are inconsistent. Let's look at our last example then. Taking the top equation, solving for y, I would have to subtract 3x from both sides. And that will give me 3y on this side. And I'll have the sixth, and then I subtract the 3x from it. So minus 3x. Now we divide everything by 3. And we find out that y is equal to 2 minus x. So we do 2, and then down 1 over 1, down 1 over 1, or up 1 to the left 1, up 1 to the left 1.  And then if we try the second equation, if we add 2x to both sides, we're going to have negative 2y equal to negative 4 plus 2x. And if we divide everything by negative 2, then y is going to be equal to negative 4 divided by negative 2 is positive 2. And positive 2 divided by negative 2 is going to be minus 1x. So we start at 2, and we go down 1 over 1, and oh, look at that. Every point on this line satisfies the same ones on the other line. They are the same line. So these two are the same line, which means that every single point for one equation is going to satisfy the other equation. So they have infinite solutions, or the same line, you could answer it either way. And this one is consistent with the solution. So there's two types that are consistent. We have this type, which is consistent, but they're also called dependent. They have a solution, but they're dependent on each other because they're the same line. If we go back and look at some of our other examples where we had one solution like this one, this one is a consistent because it has a solution, but it's a special one called independent because the two lines are independent of each other. So you can have consistent and independent, consistent and dependent, whether the same line like this one, or you can have two parallel lines, which are inconsistent.


Everybody forced here ripping 21 22 flawless basketball hobby two box full case number six tier random team style You can find the results. I'm about to show you on your screen at late in sports cards.com anytime It's a little bigger for you. Thanks for joining everybody and good luck. I think the next full case just sold out Yeah, so number eight is down to six everybody again. It's tiered. It's two teams for spot Don't start yawning Sean needs a hit of coffee. Well, they just bought like 500 K cups, so You need more Maybe they're better than the others So the Celtics having a great start of this second border here big-time run Soon as we call that the Celtics they go on a big run. How do they become a Celtics fan? Everything despite No, my whole family's off on, you know boss and crazy. So yeah, it's been that way It isn't currently do breaks, but he's just been taking time off recently Hector for the past few months needed some time off Use some other stuff for himself. All right. We're gonna start off with a Suns Looks like a letter patch here seven of 20 Jay Crowder Suns Jay Crowder And all game warning fall nice hit for the Bucks here momentous auto is Brooke Lopez 10 of 10 Yeah, that's Brad. You're asking about Hector. By the way, Brad Brad's awesome. I still a Texan Two days ago. I still talk to him every now and then Of course to watch so probably get with you. Um tomorrow. I would think all right nice brook there for the Bucks Yeah, yeah, I don't know how much Jay Crowder play and he played zero time for the Suns in 22 20 23 But in this year's probably wasn't he played Momentous autograph Calvin Murphy Rockets 6 out of 10 Rockets Calvin Murphy Robert Ori on the distinguished auto for the Lakers 3 of 25 big shot big shot Rob Jazz legendary script saw to 11 of 15 is John Stockton John Stockton jazz Suns legend Jeremiah Here you go Celtics two-color patch auto Robert Williams the third nine of 15 C's with the time Lord What the heck? Legendary scripts auto Sean Kemp 6 of 15 Cavaliers you hope 6 of 15 Sean Kemp auto Cavaliers, I don't see didn't know he played for the cabs and Enshrine signatures Celtics Bob Coosie 24 of 25 Celtics Bob Coosie has a great signature rolled Bob Coosie is That is that's impressive Cavs Kemp. Yeah, I guess I guess that's what we're hitting Cavs Kemp Alrighty rookie diamond jam James book night three of 20 for the Hornets Say diamond guaranteed to go with it Hornet James book night thunder Josh giddy three of ten Jersey numbered horizontal patch auto What a hit Four-color patch as well or in W with okc We are giddy up into night We are giddy up into night That's a banger right there. That's a monster I'm gonna take picture of it. It's like three. I did I toss right on one of my head I moved a chair from there in here the other day and Like as we're all I tossed on someone and then I just chucked it like Lin like straight on top of like Double you hit to win. Yeah, like in it. Yeah, I like fell like that was weird Guys like him follow us this year so far, I think it's it's flawless man is flawless basketball. Is that a platinum for that? I just saw Maybe it was a team color I don't know maybe was like a teal or something 10 to 10 patch card Kyrie Irving for Brooklyn spurs RPA Joshua Primo two of five Enshrined signatures Nate Archibald for the Celtics three of 15. I did see platinum. I saw I seen to I seen to Draft gem signatures as a pretty cool one No one's expecting this 76ers one-of-one Jiru holiday 76ers Jiru holiday That goes to or in W as well or has a few spots in this break and is hitting very nicely One-of-one Jiru holiday draft gem signatures 76ers you're drafted by the Sixers That's sick That's beautiful. Love the platinum on that of course USA basketball Ray Allen auto three of five I Forget his longest tenure. Let me go ahead and look that one up one sec here So Ray Allen USA should be is it Sonics or thunder? Where's the Celtics? Distinguished USA basketball.  I always forget Ray Allen for some reason It just hasn't been a lot of USA basketball in recent years anyway. Yeah, I think it goes Sonic's thunder. I don't know. I literally have to check this. There's no way Group great team checklist is it bucks Ray Allen USA basketball is bucks Bucks. Yeah, it's close to I know that Yeah, he played more with the bucks. Yeah thunder was five Yeah, he played like five years like five different teams with the bucks. He had a sixth year, so it is our seventh year So it is bucks There you go. Nice Ray Allen for Milwaukee Three of five mil walkie Ray Allen. Yeah, it's close. It's close or was it was it was it a six seasons bucks? Yeah, either way. He does have that majority. It says so on the checklist as well So sometimes the GBC will do those Nice for the pelicans again horizontal RPA Trey Murphy the third three of 25 Good stuff on the trailer for the third a lot of mags in this one another draft gem signatures Hornets now this goes pelicans because that's the New Orleans Hornets Anthony Davis 23 of 25 Again, the franchise stays the same. That's not the Charlotte Hornets Charles Hornets were Charlotte and they are then the Bobcats and the Hornets this goes pelicans Definitely gonna want to take this one. Yep draft gem signatures There you go pelicans nice card a Bones Highland Gold RPA five of ten three color patch nuggets dude. This is a very good case. It's a very good case I didn't get to see a whole lot of it Herman. I'm tuning all the hockey out right now.  Ah, yes, you've had so much painful two years And draft gem signatures Jason Tatum eight of 25 for the seas Boston Celtics Scott a what a break. What a case That was fun draft gem signatures Jason Tatum that's over three over times after the second full game at a turn it off Herman Understandable Very nice very good overall case the giddy the Tatum like dude some one-of-ones great that hits Good rookie hits along alongside the giddy. Love it. Thanks again everybody. We're on to case seven


Hello everyone. Welcome to Python tutorials. Myself, Samprit Patel, assistant professor, department of computer science and engineering, Vaalchand Institute of Technology, Sholapur. In today's video, we are going to learn about constructors in Python. At the end of this video, you'll be able to write a Python script in object-oriented programming style. So before we start with hands-on, let's just see what are constructors. So a constructor is a special type of method or a function which is used to initialize the instance member of the class. So as in C++ or Java, the constructor has the same name as its class, but it treats the constructor differently in Python. In Python, it is used to create an object. So we have basically two types of constructors. First is parameterized constructor and second is non-parameterized constructor. We'll go through these in hands-on with some examples. Constructor definition is executed when we create the object of the class. Constructor also verifies that there are enough resources for the object to perform any startup task. So let's see how to create a constructor. So in Python, the method underscore underscore init underscore underscore simulates the constructor of a class. So this method is called when the class is instantiated, that is when the object of the class is created. It accepts the self keyword as a first argument, which allows accessing the attributes or methods of the class. So we can pass any number of arguments at the time of creating the class object depending on the constructor definition. So it is mostly used to initialize the class attributes. Every class must have a constructor even if it simply relies on the default constructor. So let's see an example. So let's see an example of creating a constructor. So we'll have a class employee, employee, okay, which will have a constructor. So see, this is how we define a constructor. Like a function, we'll have a keyword def followed by underscore underscore init underscore underscore. And it will have a self parameter as the first argument of the constructor. Now here we need two other arguments that is name of the employee and ID. Okay, so here we'll access the name and ID as self dot name is equals to name and self dot ID is equals to ID. Okay, so this will pair or match the arguments of the constructor. Now we have a function to display the name and ID of your employee. So here we'll print, we'll print say ID is %d because it is a number and name of the employee, name of the employee will be %s, okay, %s. So here self dot ID, which will be given to the %d and self dot name, self dot name will be given to %s. Okay, so this will help us to display. Now we'll create an object of a class that is say EMP1 is equals to employee and we'll pass the arguments for name and ID. So the first argument is say ABC is the name of the employee and ID will be 101. Similarly, we'll create one more object EMP2 is equals to employee, employee where the name of the employee here will be PQR and the ID will be 102. Okay, so let's see. Now once you have assigned the values we need to display, we need to display. So using the same objects EMP1.display to display the details of first employee and EMP2.display to display the details of second employee. So yes, this is the first employee ID is 101 and name is ABC and this is the second employee ID is 102 and name is PQR. So this is how we have created a constructor using underscore underscore init underscore underscore. So here the constructor you don't need to specifically call the constructor with the object. So when you create an object, the constructor is called automatically. So let's see another program which will tell you how the constructor is called. So we'll just see create account and create number of objects which will tell us the increment of the count as we create the object without calling the constructor. Okay, so say class student, okay class student and we'll take account is equals to zero. Now we'll create a constructor underscore underscore init underscore underscore. Okay, it will have a self parameter and this will increment the count of the constructor student dot count is equals to student dot count is equals to student dot count plus one. Okay, so yes. Now we'll create an object of class student S1 is equals to student. So this is the first object S2 is equals to student the second object and S3 is equals to student. This is the third object. Okay, so now we are not calling giving a call to a constructor separately. We'll just print, we'll just print the number, the number of students. Okay, and we'll pass student dot count. Okay, so let's run this and see. So the student number of student is three. Now see, whenever we have created an object, it automatically calls the constructor and execute student dot count is equals to student plus one. Okay, I hope this is clear. So, primarily what the example we saw was an example for creating a constructor. Second was to see how the constructor is called automatically. Now, let's see non parameterized constructor. Okay, so let's see an example for the same. So we'll have the example student and here in construct in a constructor, what we'll do is we'll just print, we'll just print say this is double code. So this is non parameterized constructor. Okay, this is non parameterized constructor. And so see once you have created this constructor, we don't have to pass any parameters to this will just create an object. I'll also delete this code and I'll execute it. So see, this is non parameterized constructor. Okay, let's see the example of parameterized constructor with the same class. So this will print as this is a parameterized constructor. This is a parameterized constructor. But the constructor will have two parameters, one will be the self and second will be name. Okay, and after printing, we'll just get self dot name is equals to name self dot name is equals to name. And now what we'll do is we'll define another function show, which will print, which will print hello, and it will have self dot name, it will have self dot name. Now when we create an object, when we create an object, as it is a parameterized constructor, we need to give a constructor say will give the name john, okay, and we'll call the function show. So s one dot. Okay. So hello, john. Okay, hello, john is printed with the example. Okay, so let's try to answer this question. Can we pass different arguments to a constructor apart from self? Yes, we can pass the different arguments, given that the self should be the first parameter. Okay, self should be the first parameter of the constructor. Okay. So these are some references I've created to create this video programming in Python three and core Python programming by PSN publication and dream tech press respectively. Thank you.


How's Uranus? I was talking about the planet! Hey, welcome back to our Stupidhat bowder. He had some carbon Memu. And you follow us on Instagram, Twitter for more juicy content. XClusive content there. non-cut-up stuff there, blocked content there. And so thank you for watching us on Patreon and follow us on our own personal YouTube channels. Link's always in the description below.  Hey, whatcha drinking there? There's somebody right now who's watching this and you're totally freaking out because you know I'm looking right in your cup of chai. What's going on there, hm? Gross. Today we were watching a Kanada trailer. It's called Rangituranga. Is that how you pronounce that? That was close enough, man. Rangituranga. We're going to have to have some kind of a ceremony like to lay to rest carbonizations.  I know. But it's English translated to, I believe, colourful wave. It's a 2015 Indian Kanada language mystery thriller film written and directed by Anup Banar Dury in his debut. And before we get into this, let us know what's next Kanada film. We've only watched one. I know we need to watch more. I'm trying to watch more. In case you haven't noticed this whole year, I'm trying to get more regional stuff, but I'm trying to fill all those boxes from all of them and there's a lot. But the lonely one we've seen is KGF and we're very excited about KGF 2, but I know there's more that we need to watch. So let us know down below what's the one we should watch next. So this is technically called colourful wave? I believe that's what the translation is, yes. Well that makes me think that it's either about a gay club in Miami or a really successful surfer in Hawaii. Are you ready? Yes. Three, two, one.  I'm a sea girl. I'm a water.  I'm not a grey, white, or silver-coloured girl.  Gautham, can you give me one question? Earth, sky, and my head. What's your house? What's my house? I've booked for two hours by train. What's your age? Kamaruttu. Good evening. You've been here for two days. Yes. I've been here for two days. I've been staying at Kamaruttu for two days. I got the information from the post box number. Sundara Chandira Mogadha Vishara Rade Bandara Dondare Mandabuddhiyamanava. What are you doing here?   He's running away. Why are you running away? You don't seem to know everything about him. He's a little strange. But you're running away from him. That Kamaruttu man is missing. What's his name? His name is Angarana Puthamtu. But he's running away from these strange people. I don't understand anything. I'm totally confused. You're playing with him. Gautham, The police is running away. You're talking to him. I'm talking to him. You're talking to him. What's the matter? I don't know anything about you. I don't know anything about you. The second half of the trailer was way better than the first half. Yeah, I have only one concern. Only one. Because it looks interesting to me for sure. I loved the music. I loved the premise.  Was this sync sound or dubbed? Yeah, I was noticing that too. It feels dubbed. Yeah. For those of you who don't know what those terms are, when we say dubbed, we're not talking about what most people think about when we say dubbed. Because what most people think about when you say dubbed, it would be you're watching sacred games that was shot in Hindi and they hire actors to speak in English and cut the sound out. That is a form of dubbing. But there is this proliferation in some of Indian cinema that just, I cannot stomach. And it is the not doing synchronized sound, which they called sync sound, where you actually have a boom operator and a sound designer and you're filming the sound on set. They film everything without sound. No sound crew, nobody's mic'd. They add all dialogue and all fully work afterwards so that all the sounds you get are post-production. And I can't sit, I've tried. I just can't sit through movies that are not real sound. I don't know why they do that either. You think it saves money? Yeah. It's weird. How many issues do you have where you have to fix sound? You have to do ADR work after the fact because you didn't get good sound. You have to hire the crew to do the sound. And if you have, if somebody botches a line or there's a plane that flies overhead, you don't have to deal with any of those things. But it takes away all believability for me because everything I've seen here, there was one movie I tried to watch and the guy talking, the voice didn't even really seem to match him and I could hear he was in a sound booth. It just kills me. Yeah, it's almost just like, because we don't watch dubbed films like if it's shot in Tamil, we want to watch it in Tamil. We don't want to watch it like in a Hindi dubbed. We don't because we think it takes away from the actual performance and that does as well. It takes away because it's not, even though it's him saying it, it's him a different time saying it. Yes. And even the way that you can, there's no, the sound itself, you don't have, one of the things they do is they get the ambient noise of the room when they're filming and they capture that so that they can make you feel like your sound is a massive contributor to the believability of a film. So, yeah, hopefully this is not done. But the other than that, I think some of the visuals in this were really, really fantastic. Really cool looking and that definitely made me interested in it and then some of the song there at the end, it reminded me of something from KGF. Yeah, it did. Which, when is KGF 2 coming out? I think it's got pushed obviously because of corona. Yeah, they're waiting, they're waiting until they can fit as many people as possible in a theater before they let that bad boy go because that's going to be a blockbuster. Because I think it was supposed to come out in like December but I don't know if it will. Yeah, like this year. I don't know. I wouldn't. Come on, if you were a producer on that film would you want it to be released right now? Heck no. No, smaller films that don't need that. That's a film that needs to be seen on the big screen. 100% Because of how massive the scale is. Other films like Guabo Zutabo which is a much smaller intimate film. Those can be straight to streaming because a lot of us have bigger TVs now but you can kind of... It's not the exact same but it's kind of comparable to what you can get. But you can let us know how this is and let us know what's next Canada film because I want to watch another Canada film I know we've not on purpose but it's been neglected. Once again for those who need to hear this we don't have any bias against any language we don't speak Hindi. We have to read the subs for all of them and so they make no difference what language it speaks at all. It's all languages we don't know. So I don't understand how you think we can have a bias against something that I have to read subs regardless. And we say it over and over again it has to do with the availability of something for us to be able to see it. Sometimes there's so many factors and yes we recognize it and say it all the time there are areas that are underrepresented by a long shot and we really do want to represent everybody guys we really really do. So let us know. The f***


Welcome folks, we at the Dow Industrial finish up 192, Nasdaq up 170, S&P up 37, Gold. Gold contract down $12, trade at $18.59 an ounce, we at Silver down 5 cents, $22 an ounce, light sweet crude, up a buck, $110.68 a barrel, notes and bonds. The 10-year note, up 7 ticks, $129, the 30-year down 4, at $141.25, and $king dollar. Up 280, 6 ticks, trade in 102, 144, Euro 106, Yen 127.34 and the British pound at 125 to 1 US dollar. Well you know when we take a look at the S&P folks, what you're going to see out here, bottom line, rejected lower price, yes there you had light of volume, today bottom line you go higher, contraction of volume, this is building costs to lower price, and what I do expect you're going to see at a question, I don't see this market gapping up tomorrow, and I do see most times during a holiday like this, if it's counter trend bounce, what you're going to see, the market will kind of open flat and just grind higher all day long and the contraction will happen with light volume. I expect you're probably going to see that Thursday and Friday, and then Monday's the holiday and then get out of the way because the reality is that when we take a look at this, let's just look at this calendar for a second, so you got the calendar, statewide calendar wise, okay, we come back to work the 31st, so you get the first and second, you know, 31st, 1st and 2nd, you got a little buying in the marketplace because it's window dressing and then see you later, see you don't want to be a, as a probably June 2nd or June 3rd, that's how this seems to be setting up. That's the spy, so you look at the NDX100, we get the same type of setup inside the NDX, what you have with the cues right now is this, is that you rejected lower price out here yesterday, you had lighter volume and then what you have, you came up today, you came up with 63 million shares, bottom line, that's light volume, the contraction is there, I expect you're going to get the contraction the next few days. Gold, inside the gold market, bottom line, you pull back today, you had light volume on the pullback, gold still wants higher price, you're at 1859, we rejected 1845 out here, didn't get that close to the, basically the swing is way down there, so this very well could have set an ABC structure up on the way up, have a great night folks, have a safe night, come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning, kicks us off at 9 o'clock in the morning, great show folks, I'll get them folks.