This is Ralph Winnie from Enchanted Lakes. I am here with the esteemed Brian Letterer by phone from Washington, D.C. Brian is a good old local boy, Punahou graduate, worked for Senator Matsunaga, and was in the Carter administration. Brian, how are you doing this evening in D.C.? Oh no. Oh no, oh no. Well, tell us a little bit about... I grew up in Pearl City by the old Pearl City tabric before the H-1. Okay. Well, start by telling us a little bit about where you grew up in Hawaii and how you got to D.C. and your work with Senator Matsunaga, more importantly, your work with Jimmy Carter and Rosalind. Yes, I miss her, she just passed. Yes, yeah. She was very special lady, but let's start out with Matsunaga. What happened was he was running for re-election in 1968, and I knew him.  I mean, we knew Matsunaga in a way and so on. And I mean, I acted politically. Well, I did my senior honor thesis at Harvard on Vietnam, which, you know, how we sort of created the independent Republic of Vietnam in 1945. And so Matsunaga wanted help on that matter because it was a big issue in the 68 election. I knew him. And so he asked me to be his daily, he created a position called Daily Press Person. I had worked for the advertiser a couple of summers. And so I rode with him in his car, in Kowloon, and advised him on Vietnam and what happened, and it also handled his press relations. And so we did that and he was wonderful to work with. I mean, very personal, and, you know, a veteran and 442 and all that stuff. And so when he was working with me, he won, then I went to work for him for a year, I worked for him as a special assistant. And the other thing that is fabulous. I mean, he was just, you know, he was a local guy. And he was serious. The thing I liked about him, he, you know, he was a 442, like, you know what, and he was serious about his responsibility. And he, and in a way, and Burns are the people who got a stainless in 59, when I was a freshman at Poho. Just, they were so professional. And so he was very professional and very friendly to work for, took respect in my counsel, but also I knew that he was the member, not me. Right. And so I worked for him for a year. Now, I needed, the reason I didn't stay was I wanted to go to law school. And I had graduated in Christie's before I worked for him from the London School of Economics in London, in Southeast Asia, got a Master's in International Relations in Southeast Asia and China. So that was also helpful. So I could give it in some credibility on Vietnam, which it helped him stay focused. So he didn't get caught into the controversy in the war movement. Anyway, we had a very good working relationship. He was very professional, very helpful. And then later on, when I wanted to become the People's Counsel of DC, he recommended me to Mayor Walter Washington. So I was grateful for that. And that we remain, so I was active in Washington and he was in Washington. So we remain friends and colleagues all the way through till the end of his life. And how did you get connected to with the Carter administration? Well, with the Carter administration, I had worked in 72 with McGovern. I was a surrogate. He was a Democratic nominee in 72. And I was a surrogate for him in New York City. So I represented him at debates. I also ran, was an organizer in the Bronx. Being an area that was very volatile in 72, had a lot of a co-op city, which was a lot of people with Jewish ancestry that had been moved out of Manhattan up into the Bronx. And they were very antsy about stuff that was going on. So we had good relationships with the people there, which I did. And then I lived with a nice family on the Puntson River on the other side of the Bronx. And got to know New York City very well. So that was in 72 working for McGovern. I got to know him. He was a lot of fun. He was very professional. Now, the reason he lost the election in my professional opinion is because Nixon opted in Jim Crow, which in other words, he took away the Southern anti-civil rights base that had been in the Democratic Party since 1860. And really since 1872, when in order to get the federal troops out of the South, the Democrats in the South agreed, they made a deal not to deal with civil rights, and they would vote Democratic. It was pretty unholy. And so that went along for a long time. And they always voted for the Democrats. And then in 1970, 1960, Kennedy, that's how he got elected. I was a sophomore in high school, a punter when he got elected in 1960. I graduated in 1960. I remember the Kennedy-Nixon debates, and when I listened to Kennedy, I just, I loved, I just really appreciated him. And so he became president. Well, he, you know, we had the Bay of Pigs. And I remember my dad co-authored The Ugly American. And then I had written a sequel to The Ugly American called Sarkand, which in 1965, which was about being sucked into award Asia. And Kennedy read that book. And the manuscript before was published, and he and my dad had a conversation in the OO office about the manuscript. And Kennedy told my dad that he, my dad, it was special assistant to the Commander-in-Chief Pacific. So he had the highest security clearance. So I don't think that Kennedy was talking out of shock. Some person who didn't have the security clearance. And so he, and he retired as a captain. And he would have been an admiral if he wanted to come back to Washington and become the congressional liaison for the Navy. But he did, he wanted to be a writer. And again, and stay in Hawaii. He liked surfing. I hope you like surfing. Oh, I like surfing. He's the one that got me to learn how to surf. Were you able to teach President Carter or Mrs. Carter how to surf? No, they never came to Hawaii to surf. They were being farmers and playing Georgia. But what Carter did, now this is what I was leaving up, they would got me involved with him, was when I worked with McGovern at 72, you know, I really wanted, you know, I mean, we had a, we won work in New York, but Nixon won pretty decisively, as we know, overall. And what happened in 76, I was looking for a candidate. I wanted, you know, to see if we could be Nixon or somehow get to Whitehouse. Right. And so while I was doing that, the energy crisis hit. If you recall, the Arabs did their thing. And so I got asked to come down to Little Rock and represent a community group in 74, 75, two separate years in two different rate cases involving Arkansas Power and Light.  Right. So the good thing about it is that my best subjects were math and science, even though, you know, and I thought actually when I went to Harvard College, I was there in 63. I took a year off between high school and college and went to Europe. And so I was in Europe in 62, 63 in Germany to improve my German. I studied four years of German. Punahou is a model of school and I had my two German teachers had been some Athenian translators at Nuremberg. I mean, this is quality and Punahou. That's Siegfried Ramler and one of them. Siegfried Ramler and right old Pichl. Okay. And so in fact with Ramler was also we formed the advertiser. This was another thing that was kind of fun. The advertiser had a contest for people who could write the best foreign affairs essay. And so Ramler was our advisor in 61. And we entered the, there were five of us and we won the contest. We were wrote about China, communist China, and it's dry for all power. So we got a free trip to Washington. And we met Matanaga and in Norway and it was just a super trip. Courtesy, the advertiser, that was a result. One was one of the most meaningful projects that you worked on while you were in the Carter administration. Well, so going back to how I Carter, so I was in Little Rock the two years. And I thought of something that I said, you know, we're going to win the White House in 76. We need to be able to beat George Wallace in the south. Okay. Well, George Wallace, of course, with anti civil rights. As we well know, you know, and so what I what had happened is the civil rights, the voting rights bill started to blind into effect. Kennedy, Senator, President, and his attorney general brother Robert Kennedy had gotten an interview in the Congress. When they were in the White House and gradually, you know, and there was a lot of resistance in the south. But they got it through. And so in 76. From the first time, as a result of the effects of that, applicant Americans could vote in the south. You know, it hadn't happened in 100 years. Right. And the reason it hadn't happened is because the governor wanted to let the Republicans stay in office. They didn't then wanted to put all troops out. So they made the deal in 1876, don't enforce the civil rights laws. And we'll let you stay in the White House. That was deal it was made. So 400 years. Jim Crow basically was in effect. And then civil rights laws were passed because of Dr. King and the other activists. So in 76, I said, you know, this is really interesting situation because the only one who really understands that George Wallace can be defeated by a southerner is Jimmy Carter. He was the governor of Georgia. Yeah. At the time. And he was a Naval Academy graduate and a nuclear engineer, very smart guy. And a Chris born again Chris man of great integrity. And so, you know, I had worked in these campaigns, but I said, most of the people who are going to run in 76. Assume that they can write off the South. But I said, if someone can defeat George Wallace in the South, they're going to be president. And I said, Jimmy Carter can do it because African Americans will vote in the election in the South for the first time since 76. 1876. And most of the people who were running for president had no clue about that. They just assumed. But the only reason I saw it was because I spent the two years of Arkansas on the utility cases that I was looking for a way to find a candidate and so I thought I met Bill Clinton too because he was, you know, from Arkansas. And I really looked at what was going on in the south. But it also opened a new career for me to become people's counsel because I was very experienced. In any event. So I signed up with Carter. Conjured and most of my political friends. I ran part of Michigan for him. 76. I was an organizer for him in a surrogate. Did he win Michigan? Yes, he did. And we won what I was particularly assigned in Flint, Michigan. Okay. And he won the election. But what he did when he got the he was very smart to get the nomination what he did is he got his name on all the southern ballots. Whereas the other conceited it. And he ran North Carolina and all of the southern states, including Texas and he ran the table. He had he like by doing what he did in the south, he had the nomination locked up. They didn't know what you know when it came to the New York primary. Yeah. But that's Carter Carter Carter Carter, you know, was a naval academy crack, you know, a naval officer very well prepared a nuclear engineer. I grew up under a naval. My dad was a command naval officer naval Academy. Sorry. You know, could it. And he was his great strength was command. So for example, when they had the naval invasion of Sicilitas in 1943. When they had the invasion, they had 50 ships, one of them had lights on. And he was a navigator on the light ship. The Navy trusted his command ability. It all the way through his career. The other ship had their lights out all the way through his career he had command authority, because he grew up in New York City he was a street guy and he knew how to talk to people. He had sniff sniff around. Right. And the reason I never, you know, that they wouldn't let him out of Hawaii so it became my home is because the the commander in chief Pacific. Didn't have any confidence in the intelligence from the intelligence sources. He trusted my dad who made frequent trips out to Asia. And talk to people. Plus he had the local papers flowing in. I remember an and translating and read them so he just find out what was going on. And it was better intelligence than the four star admiral in charge of all the forces got the CIA. And I don't want this conversation with President Kennedy. Who read the manuscript of star care. Was that he'd been completely hoodway. By the CIA in the Bay of Pigs. And when he, and he said, you're me, you're right. You know, we shouldn't be in Vietnam. He wouldn't, he was going to get out of Vietnam. That's my professional opinion. I think that's why he was killed. Actually, it go into Vietnam. And did did did did Carter have a follow a lot of the same principles as Kennedy? Would you say? Yes. Carter was very smart. I mean, when Carter became president. In 76. He had a very young administration. His best secretary, Judy Powell was 32. His appointment secretary was 25. You know, and of course he had young children. And me and others.  So that's been in with me.  I got them into the congressional softball league. Oh, okay. Would, would, uh, you know, I played on the team and I was co-coach.  So, you know, Jody was played on the team, the press secretary and the appointment secretary. I mean, we really hung out together. They were young.  We had a lot of fun together. Did you invite them to come in? This is Hawaii. Oh yeah. And they also helped me become people's council. Okay. They called up. Mayor Washington and said, he's, he's, he's on, oh, he's okay. Do it for us. And people's council is a position in DC that represents all the great payers with the utilities. And one of the things I learned from people like Jimmy Carter and George McGovern and my dad, we'd go all in. I mean, if you're going to go to war, so to speak, do it properly. And what, what I thought, and I had been, I had some roots in general because my stepfather was a tinkerer and he invented the dialysis process, the kidney machine. Ah, okay. And so it, you know, he used to fly radio control model airplanes and stuff like that. And so I was able to do for law school, study international relations, which I did, you know, not really law. Chinese law at Harvard Law School and Japanese law at University of Washington. And so I really got myself, you know, up in that stuff. And then I had to pass the bar exam. So I took the bar review course and I did pass it in Hawaii and DC. Wonderful. We're going to have to end it. Unfortunately on that note, sounds like you've had a very, well, that's fine. This is fine. I appreciate it.  Okay. I grew up in Hawaii. Honolulu is still my hometown. I'm licensed there. And I recommend all of you who are on listening to this in Hawaii really enjoy yourself and I can serve. Well, put on an old Brian. Great interview. And we will talk soon. Thank you all for listening.


So now we discussed continuous experimentation, we'll look briefly into the idea of measurement in software engineering. Because for continuous experimentation we somehow need to measure the outcomes, we usually don't want to automate everything and then have someone sitting there and look at the results, we want to automate this as far as possible as well. And then measurement in general, even beyond continuous experimentation, is a really important tool to, for example, improve communication, improve decision making, improve overall quality and processes and so on. So it's a really important tool and that's why I thought of at least mentioning briefly in this course a bit of the theory about the background of how to measure software generally. And if you want more details, this is generally governed by the ISO standard 2502N, so that's measuring software quality, there is a whole family here, so the O1030 and O40 also into how do we evaluate this and so on. But if you're ever interested in this, try to read up on this, there are also papers, scientific papers, there are books that give you a bit more background. Because nowadays the issue with measurement is we have luckily a lot of tools, dashboards, web tools that do this, automated to some extent, but it's good to have the basis, the background a little bit. Now in general, what we can measure is of course our product, our system and the standard talks about software and systems quality or product quality and it talks about the so called quality in use which is different. So this is sort of static properties of the software of the code, how secure is it, how maintainable is it, for example, how performant is it and these are the things, how well does the software perform, how high is the quality when it is used by an end user. So here for example we have measurements of usability in this standard. So these are things you might want to consider. So your security can be really nice but it's not usable, so different aspects and of course these are related to the things we have already discussed in architecture. So many of these properties you find there as well. Then of course we might want to measure our process. So how good are we with for example handling deadlines, are we always late for the deadlines, what kind of, how many bugs are coming in, how many change requests that might be something, how well are requirements traced to tests for example. So a lot of things that are actually more on the process level than the actual product but it might nevertheless be interesting because the idea is of course the better we are in our product the better the product, the better we are in the process the better the product is. So there should be a relationship here and if we improve the process we hopefully also improve the product or at least the speed or the cost at which we develop this. So these might be things that could be a lot more but I think these are the things that are central for this course that we might want to look into. Now this standard family proposes some things you can measure. There are some examples also on the slides but I will not cover that in that much depth. I will go shortly into how the standard looks at measurement generally, how it breaks it down. And the important thing to notice here is that what you want to have, what you want to get answered is some kind of information. You as a stakeholder as for example as a scrum master you have an information need. And that is for instance how secure is our software or how many bugs are there. And on the lowest level you have your actual software product, you have the entities for example classes, the code, the different files. And the question is essentially how do you get from here to here. So how do you get your information need answered based on what you have and what the standard calls this down here are the attributes. So these are the attributes you want to measure. For example what is the size of my code, how large is our product. That's something you can measure. And then you start with the so called base measures. So that's a direct measure of one of these attributes. For example you could measure the lines of code of the software. How many lines your code has gives you an indication of how large the software is. Another way that you could use is to just measure the file size. Measure the overall file size. This of course gets more complicated. Do you want to measure the lines of code with comments or without and things like that. So this is actually quite tricky. You could also measure other things, number of classes, why not, number of functions. So this is not at all trivial if you go from a basic example such as size. Now the issue is with base measures we usually can't say a lot. So size itself doesn't really matter for us. So usually you need to get to a higher level and you have so called derived measures. And that's a function of one or more base measures. For example one way of telling how good our product is to look at bugs. But the number of bugs is maybe not very interesting. So it's more interesting to look at the number of bugs compared to or in relation to the overall size of the product. So there's a difference whether you have 10 bugs and one function or you have 10 bugs and 100 functions of course. So this is where you get to the derived measures. You usually need to have multiple of these base measures together to get to something that actually tells you something. Now this is already quite good but usually it does not quite fulfill your information need. Usually you get to something that is like an indicator. That's an abstract way to interpret this measure. For example we have number of bugs per software size, per lines of code. Then we might have certain thresholds. So we say well if we have more than one bug per 100 lines of code that's bad. If we have more than one bug per 500 lines of code it's okay. We have more than one bug per 1000 it's good for example. So it's sort of the traffic light system of rating this. And usually you end up with some kind of so called information product like a dashboard that actually visualizes this. And that's something you can give to the Scrum Master and say well look at this our software quality the amount of bugs we have is red right now we need to do something. So usually that's really when you get to something that is useful. Now just to make this complete we have attributes we want to measure them in a base measure and we need to have some kind of method of measuring them for example counting the lines in a source code, counting the amount of bugs in the bug reporting system in the last five days. Here you have a function in the mathematical sense combining number of base measures for example lines of code divided by number of bugs. So mathematical function here you have some kind of analysis model for example the traffic light I've given you more than a bug per 100 lines is red for example. And then you basically have decision criteria here usually that lead to some kind of visualization or product. So this is how you look at that and the important thing is always that for one and the same information need you can have a lot of different attributes or base measures that you might want to measure. So I've talked about lines of code but as I said you could also look at the number of classes why not and it's not always straightforward to decide which one to choose. So this is definitely not a trivial task and it takes quite some thought put into that how useful the different measures are. And then if we get to the product we have like a dashboard that we can show to the managers or the developers there are a number of final things you might want to consider that's what we go away from the theory even more the practical thing. And one of them is that people we have talked about human factors people adapt. So it is a very bad idea to for example give salary raises or generally praise people based on the amount of code they write because they will most likely just write more code it doesn't mean that it's better maybe they just do more line breaks because you are counting the lines for example. So you have to take this into account if you actually want to use the information product to evaluate people then they will adapt to that and not necessarily in the way that you want to. So that's something that is extremely important and in particular if you really have the interest of improving the quality of your process or your product you also need to take into account what other things you are not measuring because the people will probably try to optimize the things you are measuring with good or with bad intentions. But the question is then is there anything missing that might actually jeopardize this whole process. And then a final thing is you need to have confidence and you need to establish confidence in your information products. I think most of you have been in the case where you have written tests and there is this random test that always fails or it always passes it doesn't matter what you do people will start ignoring them over time. So if you lose the confidence in your measurements they are entirely worthless and that can be risky because the tests might actually still tell you something but if for example if there is a test that every day is red and then it's green again and then it's red no one will look at it and maybe at some point there is actually a critical error that the test captured but you didn't look at it. So that's a really important thing and that's why it's important to not just go in and measure everything but really put some thought into how do we measure things how do we set up this entire system so that there is high quality we don't have this issue of for example failing so-called flaky tests we don't have this issue of meaningless measurements that are always very good or very bad but they don't mean anything so this is something we need to put thought in. And finally consider that all of this is a software product so we are measuring our software but we are at the same time potentially developing a new system a measurement system and of course to this everything we have discussed might apply so you need to think about how do you actually build this system how do you do the architecture in particular if this is measurements that go at runtime like in continuous experimentation how do you build this in a way that it doesn't slow down the overall system so it gets increasingly more complex but I thought this is important to discuss this that you're aware that these thoughts exist and not just go in and use a random tool that you find to do some measurements but try to plan it. Okay so this concludes the very short episode of measurement there is a lot more to talk about but we'll wrap up now this module with a discussion of the concept of DevOps which brings together all the different topics we have discussed so far.


ThinkTek Hawaii, civil engagement lives here. Welcome to Talk Story with John Whitehead. You know today I thought we'd walk down a lane, something to do with technology. Let me tell you why, folks. You've got to remember that when I was governor of the state of Hawaii, we didn't even have an internet. Can you imagine a time like that? And yet, starting with the Governor Burns, Governor Yoshi and myself and all every governor since then, we've been talking about the day when we create a high technology industry for the state of Hawaii. Well, I thought today it would be interesting if we talk to a couple of people who know something about the state of the technology business in Hawaii. And so, first of all, a well-known CEO of my boss, in a sense, and here at WhiteTek and Jay Fidel. And Jay, you have introduced me to a guest, and so why don't you tell us who our third person is. Okay. Our third person is Dave Stevens. He's with what? Copylonging Community College? Am I getting that right? Yeah, you did. Yeah. What? They're good. Yeah. Most of cyber... Cyber underground. Cyber underground. And he has a show on ThinkTek, and he's talking about cyber underground all the time. And we have a very rich offering in that area. Yeah. I couldn't... I'm excited about this, because just the very name of your show, Cyber Underground, tells us that there may be a revolution going on someplace. There is. And from what all the governments may be doing. Oh, certainly. Yeah. With the government. Multiple layers. This is a multiple-layer cake. You can't just divide it up one or two pieces. Everybody's taking a piece of it. And cyber right now, we're in the Pacific Rim. We're centered right in the Middle Pacific right now, and we're at the vanguard of the assault, if we get attacked by any of our hostile neighbors in cybersecurity. So we train for that eventuality. We train cybersecurity workers here in Hawaii. The state of cybersecurity right now. This is 0% unemployment rate. So our kids walk out with a two-year degree. They're almost guaranteed a job. As well, I promote entrepreneurship. So there is something going on. Things are happening. Oh, yeah. Definitely. Because you don't feel it in terms of the legislative support for it. I don't feel that, I must admit. I don't feel a lot of legislative support in that area. It seems like people have different priorities at this time. Yeah. Well, is it because the private sector may be doing it all on its own or why? I think it has to at this time. Big vendors, Sony Pictures, Target, Home Depot, they all get hacked and they lose billions of dollars. So people know that they have to protect themselves on their own. So cybersecurity has become a burgeoning industry across the world, not just the United States. And in Hawaii, we've heavily focused on it. We had a Department of Labor grant that helped us at the University of Hawaii Community College System distribute about $10 million for cybersecurity curriculum and training programs over the last three years. And we've implemented that. Now we're starting to get our first generation of cyber warriors going out there working for DOD, NSA, CIA, FBI, and they're getting full-ride scholarships for the last two years. This is absolutely amazing. By the way, this is so new to me, you can jump in anytime. But let me tell you, I'm thinking back, as you said here. Well, first of all, thank you for doing something of a cybersecurity. I myself has probably been hacked at least twice, mostly because I walked into the trap. Somebody calls me up on the telephone and tells me such and such is happening and at least now I know enough, and having suffered enough, you've got to wait like weeks to get your credit card back or something. And anyway, the stake in my relationship with all of this starts with the, this is technology. You need to understand this. I come into office in 1986. I get elected. I was Lieutenant Governor. I am going to inherit this beautiful new investment in technology that my predecessor Governor Riyoshi had just done when he spent millions of dollars to get the best weighing machines. Oh, the mainframes. Yeah. The best weighing word processors that we have ever seen. You're really dating yourself, John. I know. So you never remember. And what happened was, within six months, nobody was using weighing or so. I mean, doing the course of my, because technology had changed so fast, and by the time I'm leaving office, my staff proposes to put a computer, which is this huge, monstrous thing on my desk in my office, to set me up for email to my directors. And the thing about it is, the email connection was one person to another. One wire, apparently, one, one, one, one, one like this. And so, you know, and that's the, well, the justification back then, well, outside of the fact that that was the level of technology, was that that was security, you know, because you only could get to one person, ostensibly. Now we have all of these exciting things happening in my telephone. I receive now, I don't know, maybe 50 to 100 emails a day. Most of it, by the way, are not exactly appreciated. Most of it is because my wife or somebody talked me into doing, buying something online. And now you're on a list. Yeah. But I can see where we went, the technology increased so much, but at the same time, we exposed ourselves. Sure. Yeah, yeah.  You actually worked in all of this, kept up? Yeah, I was the chair of the High Tech Development Corporation, now known as the Hawaii Tech Development Corporation. Yeah, you guys got kicked out. Adam and Noah, Innovation Center. Yeah, we, I shouldn't say we, because I'm not associated with it anymore. But I understand that it lost its position there, and it has to leave. It had a 25-year position, kind of a sandwich. And now the university wanted it to leave, and legislature didn't protect it, and so it has to go. It's not going immediately, but it's losing its position there, and it no longer has a home. Well, does it, has it lost its purpose? I mean, is it viable? HTDC? Yeah. I hope so. You know, there's also a bill that's sitting on the governor's desk right now that would have a really negative effect on HTDC. One aspect of it is that it would merge HTDC with HSDC, member of the Hawaii Strategic Development Corporation, and also kind of like defund it. Also, they would transfer the responsibilities, but not the money. Something like that, yeah. And if Governor Ige signs that, if he signs that, that would be probably the end. If he vetoes it, that would be good. Well, the exciting thing that we were talking about earlier had to do with cyber security. No, we're getting much more basic. Well, I think Dave was talking about the people who had Capulonic Community College at other schools in the state who study cyber security, which is a hot area, and get jobs mostly with the federal government, and they do pretty well. Well, also with my local bank and everybody else. Do they get jobs with local banks? Rarely, unfortunately. Really? Yeah. They should. I've got to say our banks are lagging behind and they do homegrown training from within, which I think can promote inclusiveness in the bank, but also it prevents people from outside the corporation coming in and giving new blood and new life. Okay, so there is this whole new industry of cyber security that we just touched on. But dealing with the, you know, I can never remember these acronyms, but the Hitech... HTDC. HTDC. You know, it was formed years ago, right actually, you know, by Hannah, to create the kind of industry, eventually, where, as Art was saying, where kids just get hired. There is, in fact, a place for them to go. So has that mission been accomplished? No. I mean, but then why are we doing all of these... We're not doing anything, actually. Really? Right. Well, although you kicked the... You know, remember Act 221, which existed through the first decade of... Well, the tax exemption for Hitech Corporation. It was a tax investment credit, for a fundable credit for the Hitech development. Hitech investment for the Hitech... Industry. Industry. Yeah, we phased it out, yeah. And it was forced to sunset before its sunset date. Linda Lingle pounded on it every day, every week, every year, and blew it up. And in the process, and this has happened in other initiatives in the state, it became toxic. So everybody began to characterize these tech kids, these entrepreneur kids as spoiled, as not going anywhere, as not worth government support and all that. And not only did the statute end prematurely, but people were really, really discouraged. A lot of coders left town in 2010 when the bill was sunsetted before its time. So the reality today, and since then, the ledge has done little or nothing to support technology in Hawaii. That's my opinion. 2010, I mean 2010, not 2010, but 2010. There really hasn't been a real Hitech initiative. None. No. No. No. And if you go back to John Burns... That's amazing for people like me, because John Burns dreamed of this. It's counterintuitive, too, to know that technology is taking over the planet. Yeah, well, it looks like it's working well right here, but you know, I was wondering whether or not any of this, because, well, we still have the high technology park at Kale Holy on the Big Island. Oh, Nelha? Yeah, with the Nelpha. Nelpha. The Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii. Yeah. And isn't that supposed to be some kind of a Hitech? Mostly about energy, but they also do tech. I was out there making a movie late last year, and they're trying to encourage pitchfests. Have Jay received the support that the others have not? No, they do it on their own budget, so to speak. They're a part of D-Bed. Wow. Yeah. So anyway, the problem is that this was all organized from John Burns on forward, including your administration. Right. No, I mean, I created that thing that just you said it was going to be, if the governor signed the bill, it would disappear. So it was a way to deal with the closure of the plantations. It was a way to deal with the fact that we only had one significant economy emerging, namely hotels and hospitality and tourism. It was a way to keep the kids here. It was a way to give them better salaries so that they could better, I should say, compensation. Because a lot of this is about building your own business, rather than being employed, either by the federal or state government or by industry. Well, it's a different kind of world. In fact, even the unionization that went on, one of some of the opposition to some of these things came because people were afraid that they might be a nonunion labor going on. But the unions have evolved to the point that even in Silicon Valley, where they travel, your union membership travels with you as an individual, as opposed to with you as an employee of a company. We're going to see some changes now, I think, because I'm not sure Janice is going to go well for us in the Supreme Court, if you guys keep it up with a case. So that's the case where it's mandatory that you contribute to the union, even though you're not a part of the union. So everybody pays their fair share. But I think with our new conservative-leaning Supreme Court, I think that's going to go away. And I think it's going to dethrone the unions, and we're going to have to make up for it somehow. So I do. I promote entrepreneurship in my students. So they go out and start their own business. Well, also, the fact is that, you know, what is it now? 10 million tourists are coming to Hawaii? I mean, when I was way back in my time, and that was considered some of the boom years, you know, we were barely scratching 7 million. This is, I mean, at what point does the industry just get too big to be, you know, to be viable? Well, the other thing is whether it's really sustainable in the face of it. Yeah, sustainable is a better word than viable. And if things go wrong for any reason, look what happened after 9-11, you know, it collapses on a dime. Or if the United Airlines has a strike like it did, or any of these things can happen. And so I still don't understand why we are going to, in a sense, just seem to be debunking something that actually, an agency that actually brought industry to Hawaii. And this high-tech development corporation thing is really bothering me. So when you were there, you know, what were some of the things that, as chairman of that agency, you feel good about? I'm encouraging entrepreneurship. They're encouraging manufacturing. They were, she had seven or eight programs that were quite active and successful to try to draw people into a tech state of mind. They were supporting tech in every way they could. And of course, it was still a limited budget. In the legal administration, she didn't like to give them a lot of money. They never had a lot of money while I was there. But actually, there should be plenty of money. We should throw money at developing a tech industry because that's where our kids are. If we can get them to stay here, what's that worth? You know, at one time, okay, way back when, and I'm saying this with a bit of pride and a little bit of sadness, I guess, we actually had a policy that we would set aside at least 5% of our budget every year to support innovation and technology. Now, I'm assuming that doesn't exist anymore. Well, the current governor has different priorities for his budget, and those set of signs don't exist. I think we provide... But this governor seems to be very interested in technology. He's interested, but he's not engaged. Really? So he's disengaged, and as a matter of fact, he's cutting funding for a lot of these things that you're talking about. That's really unfortunate. Now, I guess at this point in time, I'm going to take a short... I'm going to have a short break, and we'll be right back to talk about this most interesting story, well, industry. And it's not really making me happy. You need to work on this. Aloha, I'm Richard Concepcion, the host of Hispanic Hawaii. You can watch my show every other Tuesday at 2 p.m. We will bring you entertainment, educational, and also we'll tell you what is happening right here within our community. Think Tech, Hawaii, Aloha. Aloha, I'm Dave Steventh, host of the Cyber Underground. This is where we discuss everything that relates to computers that just kind of scare you out of your mind. So come join us every week here on thinktechawaii.com, 1 p.m. on Friday afternoons, and then you can go see all our episodes on YouTube. Just look up the Cyber Underground on YouTube. All our shows will show up, and please follow us. We're always giving you current, relevant information to protect you. Keepin' you safe. Aloha. Aloha. Welcome back to Talk Story with John Wahee. By the way, if you have a question for our guests, please call us at<PHONE_NUMBER>. And today we have Dave and Jay, who we're here talking about technology, something that's not normally heard on in the show. But it is our middle name, John. But it does cross over with the topics that we normally talk about, which is politics, and how much we are doing to support the idea of a new industry in Hawaii. Now, but there are good stories going on. I mean, in energy at least. I've heard that, for example, at Keahole, where we were just talking about, they are starting to develop act-workable forms of what they call wave energy, I guess. Wave action generation? Right. Right. That's a solar tube that floats in the water. And as the water comes in and out of the tube, it spins an internal propeller that goes back and forth. And because of that kinetic energy, you're able to draw electricity from that. So is that something that we have a future doing? I don't think so. Or any of this new stuff, because I know they're doing that in Japan. Currently it's a little bit too large and too expensive. They've been talking about that kind of thing for a long time. But the reality is that if you wanted to make money in tech-energy entrepreneurship, you'd be focused around electronics, about information technology, about refining hydrogen. So let's talk about refining hydrogen for a little while. Because that has always been put out as the panacea for the way that we consume, you know, what? Petronium. Well, it's a wonderful concept. It's one of the most abundant elements in the universe. And the byproduct is fresh water. Right. So what a great thing to do. It makes a lot of sense. So are we doing anything with hydrogen? HNEI at the university is working on fuel cells and other hydrogen projects. But they're not nearly ready for prime time. There are people working on electronics for grid connection. That's pretty valuable right now. And just this week they had the Verge, just last week they had the Verge conference in Waikiki where a lot of these guys got together and showed you their new technologies. So explain this, explain this so that... Energy is technology. Yeah, I understand. But explain it so that people who listen to this show would understand it. Okay, well just a small vignette of that is that you have to balance, you know, demand and load. Right. You have the utility with its own grid and you have people who have maybe solar on their roofs. Right, right. And you have to balance it so that you're not wasting anything so that you're most efficient. But isn't that a storage issue? Storage is a big part of that. We had a power outage on the east coast just a few years back because one ballast on an electrical grid blew in Ohio and took down the entire eastern seaboard including Virginia and Washington DC. So it's also a trans... It's an infrastructure problem. We have an entrenched, very old infrastructure in the United States in general. And Hawaii is part of that. So when we add new elements to it, we have to accommodate that. Let me tell you, I was at an energy conference recently and actually I've been going to that thing for years. You know, so I absorb a little bit of all of this. And one of the policy issues that really interests me was the fact that the panelists, actually one of the panelists who at this moment happened to be our newest member of the PUC. Jennifer Potter. I think she's fantastic. I was so impressed by her and her presentation and her credentials and the rest of it. But we were talking about it and in the course of the conversation what I found out was that with all of the solar panels that have been placed on homes in Hawaii that we are actually creating during the daytime something like 500 megawatts of power which is much more than needed just to do the homes. And what was happening then was that the creation of all of this energy was having an impact on Hawaiian Electric which is the monopoly that provides power to most homes in Hawaii and businesses. And Hawaiian Electric has these power generators that have to run at a certain level in order to be efficient. So if they run less than or don't generate what is required somehow that's a bad thing. So they need to be efficient. All of this is interesting and it was interesting to the techie types and the type. The part that bothered me as a matter of public policy which is what I'm interested in was that the solution to this problem the problem of creating too much energy during the daytime and that it would affect how much we would run these generators was to essentially dump it was to say that the energy that came from these homes would no longer be incorporated into the grid that provided electricity. And I thought to myself there's something wrong with that. There's something wrong with that public policy wise when we end up throwing away energy essentially. We don't do that here in Oahu. The only curtailing that's going on now is the neighbor islands for wind. No, I'm talking about for solar. They are building storage systems and the technology we're talking about as technology that could be useful for entrepreneurs make small companies of people here, people Dave trains people who otherwise know about engineering electrical engineering. Those technologies would help make it efficient so that nothing gets dumped. Well, I hope so. But the rule right now the rule right now is that the excess energy is not incorporated into the grid. And the reason for that is because it would seem to me what the rule ought to be and if I was still in a position to call my cabinet together I would have done that that day the rule ought to be how we solve this problem and keep the energy. We're talking about what happens at the homeowner level. If he has all this photovoltaic on his roof and he needs to and what happens and he doesn't have any batteries and he hasn't spent the money for batteries then he can't use it all during the hot sun. What the original plan was that extra energy goes back to the grid and at one point in time it had to be taken back into the grid but now the utility is now able to apparently say, no, I don't want your energy and if you can't store it that's your problem. You're talking about the net energy mirroring Right. What we need to do it seems to me like is find a solution that if you've got 500 megawatts of energy why are we continuing to foster and I guess that was my question You run into another problem here say you wanted to store all that energy we only have a few options available for batteries lead, nickel cadmium and lithium ion that's the only technology and we've been using the same stuff for 30-40 years 100 years actually for some batteries We haven't improved battery technology to keep up with any of our electronic industries and that's one thing that Elon Musk is trying to work out There are batteries available that can store all the energy you're talking about It's just a very expensive business to put them in and it requires technology to balance them as I mentioned so we could do all of this but the homeowners don't want to spend it there's no credit right now they didn't do anything in the legs this year no energy credit for batteries and finally the government rather the utility and the government is really encouraging batteries so it's a problem if you had batteries then all of this would not be a problem I don't know whether the issue is batteries as much and it may be in actuality instead or is the problem storage and in my point of view from a public policy point of view it seems that at any policy justification for it in the immediate zone is any policy that undercuts a different kind of energy is something you've got to look at and as I said if I was there the policy ought to be how do we solve this problem how do we take advantage of the fact that we may have enough energy to light up the whole city being dumped I think they were saying if we had the batteries we could do it when I was talking to this young person the new PEC what was her name again Jennifer Potter and we're talking about these kinds of structural impediments you know and really that this I understand because I think that if nothing else see what apparently was happening is that in effect what we're doing is protecting those generators that burn petroleum we're making sure that they keep being useful and meanwhile we're doing this other way organized batteries all over town batteries are storage that is how you store I think that's how we store it today I don't know if someday somebody is going to in your classrooms going to come up with a new idea wouldn't that be nice but anyway public policy is not following the dream is it we need more progressive minds back to the technology issue public policy there is public policy theoretically to build a tech industry in the state energy is kind of tech to offer the incentives to young people to create businesses and to stay here and make money and this to be a center of technology and energy technology I should say and if our state has a policy like that it's really hard to find it if our state wants to achieve those goals it's the state isn't taking any action to do that and it's regrettable because through your administration through Burns, Arayoshi, you Kaitano and all the way forward until Linda Lingle actually we had the policy and we were taking steps to effectuate it I wanted to get back into this and I think we'll do another program or two on the idea of the intersect between public policy technology and energy thank you very much for listening everybody we stretched it as far as we can go Aloha and see you again at the next talk story with John Wahey


Welcome to All Hands Update. Here's what's happening around your Navy. Eisenhower Carrier Strike Group conducted anti-submarine air defense exercises with Turkish naval forces. The exercises are a collaborative effort strengthening the partnerships between each nation's military. A U.S. sneak sailor will be among the first enlist of women on submarines. Petty Officer 2nd Class Jessica Staley will report to basic enlist of submarine school in October. Upon completion of schooling she will report to Ohio class guided missile submarine USS Florida. Wasp Amphibious Ready Group along with the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit departed on deployment. Together they will provide combat commanders a quick reaction crisis response option on sea, shore and land in support of the nation's maritime strategy. You can read more about what's happening around your Navy at navy.mil.


All right, it's 11 o'clock, go ahead and get started. So hello, hope you had a good kind of free day and enjoyed Montreal. My name is Josh Powers. I work at Canonical on the Ubuntu server team, and as a part of the Ubuntu server team, we maintain Cloud Init. And so what I'm here today to talk to you about is, of course, Cloud Init. And so before we begin, what I like to do is kind of talk or show hands. If you have just heard of Cloud Init, maybe you've never even heard of Cloud Init before, and you've never used it or you don't really know how to use it, would you throw up a hand? Okay, all right, good. If you know something about Cloud Init, like you write a cloud confectioner, you know what user data is, may I raise your hand? Okay, and then if you're a contributor, if you've contributed to Cloud Init, all right, one person, two people, there we go. So my presentation, hopefully, will be helpful for everybody in the room. First half of it, I'm gonna spend talking about what Cloud Init is, how it works, how you use it. And the second part, I'll talk more about kind of recent developments we have in Cloud Init and things that are coming in the future. So Cloud Init, Cloud Instance Initialization Software, right? You can see where you get Cloud Init from. The point of Cloud Init is in attempts to automate mastering an image without rebooting, all right?  Customizing an image, our own kind of marketing material around it would say giving it a personality and doing it all in one shot. So what does this look like inside of a cloud? Before that, I just wanted to point out that even Debian's own cloud images use Cloud Init, right? It is used all over the place and we'll see more examples of this here in a second. So what does this look like in terms of the cloud, right? What is the cloud? It's somebody else's computer, but what's actually going on when you're launching an instance? If you, the happy user, generally when you go to a cloud instance, you choose your image or your AMI if you're on AWS and you have this option to do user data if you've even seen that before. And between those two things is your inputs into creating an instance, right? Every instance in the major clouds runs Cloud Init and it takes eventually all four of these things and produces your instance for you. So images, we know lots about those, right? Those are your operating system, whether it's Stretch or Jesse with a set of predefined packages, hopefully it's small so it's fast and it's easy to move around. User data is what you're giving it in. It's your inputs into customizing that image, right? And then metadata and vendor data come from the cloud host and we'll talk about those a little bit more in a second. But the beauty of Cloud Init is that it's used across various cloud hosts and it's used across all sorts of cloud images, right? So no matter where you're launching images whether it be AWS, Azure, or any other kind of cloud or even using something like LexD which I'll demonstrate here in a bit, you have the same kind of experience with using Cloud Init and you can still use the same kind of cloud config across those hosts or even across to OSs. This is a list of just a number of them, not all of them obviously, but where Cloud Init is used, right? Like I said, already all the major clouds use it. LexD uses it, Mass uses it. So again, across all the cloud platforms it's heavily used and so it is kind of a de facto standard in terms of getting that cloud instance up and running. So user data, let's talk about that. That comes from you and then I think I have, here we go. Here's an example of one type of example of user data. So as I said, it comes from you. It's your way of customizing a image. There are many different formats that user data can come in, right? Probably the most simple way would be a shell script, right?  So you can pass it a whole bash script that would say, do this, go do these, run these commands, mount these things, you can do it all for you. Another popular way of doing this is by passing on cloud config. And so Cloud Init has these different modules and this is just a gamble, right? It's a standard gamble syntax of saying, I wanna set my time zone to Toronto, right? We're on these coasts right now. I want it so stamed to be debconf, right? And basically it'll go through these keys and values and based off these keys, go do the operation for you. It will know how to do that. So on a Debian host, it will know what command to type to set the time zone to America, Toronto. Or it will know how to set the host name and it'll do it for you rather than you having to go figure out what all the commands are yourself. So if you actually go through this example, I mentioned time zone host name. We have the ability to import SSH keys, right? In this case, we're importing my SSH key from GitHub directly. We can do the same thing with Launchpad or you can even provide it your public key right in this CML and it will import it in there for you. In this case, I'm setting up a customized apps repository pointing at a PPA. I'm installing a couple packages and the bottom there I'm specifying that I wanna do an update. I wanna do an upgrade to the system as well. So I can have a fully running system, like I said, without doing any reboot. This is a very simple example. You can even go into doing like I alluded to earlier, setting up your disks, mounting them, formatting them, getting them set up in a specific manner that you want. So if on Azure, if you're adding multiple disks and you wanna have one running, you know, EXT4, one running EXT3, you wanna partition this way, the cloud config can handle that sort of detail, as well as networking can go into setting up bridges, setting up VLANs, et cetera. Quickly skipped over metadata and vendor data, but this is an example of metadata taken from AWS a while back. Effectively, metadata is data that comes from the cloud host itself, okay? The cloud provider is providing information to the instance about saying what it is. So if you see here, right, there's an AMI ID, right? The ID of the image itself, a host name for it. The general things that you would see from an AWS instance, if you're familiar with using it, right, the size of it, and type the address, what zone we're putting it in, and things like that. That's metadata, again, from the cloud provider. And then, going back and kind of looping back around, there's vendor data. Vendor data is exactly the same thing as user data. It's just coming from the vendor itself. So then you start to wonder, well, what about precedents? Who wins? User data always wins. So why would you wanna use vendor data? Well, if a vendor wants to make sure that everyone's NTP is set up, rather than having to make sure the users deal with it, the vendor can always say, hey, so the time zone, we know our data center is in the Eastern time zone, always set it to the Eastern time zone. Or maybe the users have it already set up in their preferences. You can go grab that preference and stick it in there for them, so they don't have to worry about it in the first place. Mass, Metal as a Service, uses this, again, kind of as I was alluding to with the NTP, uses it to set up the time zone as an example of how vendor data can be used. So we're gonna try doing a demo. So what I have here is some user data. It's kind of an abbreviation of what I just showed you on that previous slide. Actually, I think it's almost exactly the same, except for I'm setting the password in this case. Setting the password or the default user, making sure it doesn't expire. And so what we can do is maybe you don't wanna go try cloud init on an Amazon instance because you're out of credits and you don't wanna pay for any money. You can actually do this with KVM, right? And so what I'm gonna demonstrate here is using basically the Debian Stretch cloud image. There is a command, where am I going? Called Cloud Locale DS. Basically what you're doing is you're gonna generate a local data source for cloud init to go look at. And the data source is what's gonna tell it to use the data and the metadata. And so you can see the command right there. And then I showed you the user data and then for the metadata, I just have a simple instance ID giving it a fake instance ID value. All right, so if I generate this disk, which will be used as the data source, that's all it prints out. It created a seed.image file system. And then to boot it, what I'm gonna do, oops. I'm effectively just run QMU system with the image attached to it and then the seed image also attached to it. So we can get that booting. All right, so stretch is booting up. We'll start to see some output from cloud init kind of scream by here. And now you see it's already starting to do an app update. Luckily this is a lot faster than the hotel wifi, so it's not gonna take as long. But again, it's read that user data. The user data said do an update. Now it's gonna start doing an upgrade because there were some packages that needed to be upgraded from this image. It will go grab those and then it will finish doing the rest of the user data. While this is, oh, I'm gonna let this run. So I have one console. So if you remember from the user data, I set the password and it accepted the password. You can see the host name from the command line has been updated. Based off of date, we see that we're in the eastern time zone. Let it keep spitting stuff out. While it's doing that, in var run cloud init is where these files are kept. And so there is a, so now you can see it installing htop and tree. And it just generated SSH keys. And you can see the last comment is cloud init finished. And it took 83 seconds to do an update, upgrade, install some packages, and be complete. What I wanted to show you, sorry, was there's in var run cloud init, there are two kind of important files. One is status. Whoops. It's basically a JSON, just a JSON file. And what it lists is obviously the current status of cloud init. And so if you have a script of cloud init that takes many minutes where you're mounting lots of images, you're formatting them, you're installing lots of packages, this is a way of checking on where is cloud init at right now. There are four different stages and I'll talk about what each of those mean here in a second. But init locally can see when they start and finish. And at the bottom, it will say what stage you're on at the current time. And so in a later demo, I'll have this printing out repeatedly so you can watch it kind of go through the different stages. The second file is important is result. Result gets printed out at the very end, let me do this. When once cloud init is completely done. And any errors that you run across will be printed out in this file. And so in this case, rather than having an empty array, errors actually ran across something. SSH import ID failed and that's because the Debian image doesn't actually have SSH import ID by default. So that command failed. So this is one place to come look for things. Another important area is in var log. There are two cloud init files there. The first is cloud init output. And this just prints out the generic output that cloud init produces. You'll see all the SSH keys that are generated. In this case, if there's any other kind of errors as well as, you know, here's all that stuff that was getting printed in the terminal, right? All the apt update and apt upgrades. And this one we see running module SSH import ID and it failed. But it doesn't give a whole lot of detail as far as debugging information. Just what ran and when, right? The other file, cloud init.log is the actual debugging log. And in here is where you'll find each module printing out when it starts, when it ends, results, if there are any stack traces, this is where it will be. So more for your awareness that those two files exist. So we now have a Debian instance. It's been customized with my metadata and I didn't have to pay anybody's cloud to try this out. Oops. Second demo I wanted to show was with LexD. If you, and we see the LexD presentation by Stefan yesterday. All right, so LexD is a really cool way to quickly get system containers up and running. And with cloud init, right? Again, if you wanna have things go quickly and be able to go through some, iterate through maybe a cloud config or some user data without going into the cloud, you can do that with LexD. What I can do is I have a little script here, it's a little setup, it's gonna create, I'm gonna use an Ubuntu image real quick because this has cloud init already installed and ready to go. What it basically just did was it took my user data that I had there and injected it into the configuration for this container, right? So there's a LexD config option for user.user-data. And again, you can dump in a shell script, you can dump in a cloud config here. And if cloud init is installed, it will recognize that, oh, I'm running LexD, I'm using the LexD data source. Let me pull the user data from there and let me go run with that, all right? And just to kind of show you the command, it's really simple. LexD config set, the name of your container, user.user-data, and then just pass in that user data. If you start it up, what this is gonna do is it's gonna start the container and it's gonna go, and if you remember that JSON file that I had with status, okay, now we're in the modules config stage. We've already passed init local. Every few seconds, this should update once status changes. And so we can watch how it goes through the different modules. So what are these different modules? init is the first one, and what it's doing is as soon as slash comes up, read right, it's gonna try to block the boot, all right? What we're doing there is trying to set up any networking. So if you pass any networking in to, as your user data, it's gonna try to set up any of that. And then again, like I said, that could be VLANs, bridges, or it could just be a standard, E0, DHCP, or whatever it's called. Then once that is up and networking is up, the second phase gets kicked in there. And after that, we're gonna go check to see if we have any network data sources we need to get to. That's particularly important on the actual clouds if you're running there, and you're gonna set up any block devices or file systems, right? So again, very early in boot, we'd have at least networking going. We haven't really set up or configured any other part of the system, but we are, again, trying to get the system set up without having to reboot over and over and over again, right? One boot that's configured networking storage and all your other configuration items that you're interested in. Modules in final are the last two stages, and you saw that modules config is actually where a lot of the time was spent. Now it's because there was a bit of an update going on, that's where apps was trying to go out to the network. So most of the modules are actually run. And then the final, module slash final, is kind of like an RC local, right? It's the end of the line for Cloudinit. Any final things that need to happen are gonna occur there. And in this case, you see it also printed out the results JSON. In this case, there's no errors, so we have just an empty array. So our Lexity is set up, everything's working, and Cloudinit did this job. So again, these are the commands that I used to basically generate in the first example of KVM, create a seed data source, and boot it using KVM. So really, again, kind of a cool way of testing things out. And then this was the example I used with Lexity containers. And then I just briefly went over this. Again, this is the boot sequence for Cloudinit, starting with init local for networking, blocking the boot, init doing storage, modules config, most of the storage happens there, and then modules final, any kind of final things that need to occur. I point this out because in the versions, sorry, not the versions, the words that are in brackets, that's what the log will show. So if you're going through a log and you're seeing modules config, what is that, you know you're at that third service. All right, so another demo. One of the things that people have concerns with obviously is boot time, right? Everyone doesn't want to sit there and wait, right? With advancements in hardware and, you know, very, very fast storage now. The last thing you want is to be sitting there waiting for your system to boot. Well, if you pass a very large cloud config to Cloudinit, it's kind of interesting to see where is it spending its time. And so one of the advancements over the last year that one of the Cloudinit developers, Ryan Harper, worked on is this thing called basically Cloudinit Analyze. And the goal of this was kind of to show a very similar to SystemD Analyze or SystemD Blame to get an idea of where is Cloudinit spending its time. Where in the modules is it spending its time doing a boot? So this is an example output of it. If you've ever seen SystemD Analyze, Blame should look very similar to that. Where, you know, almost 30 seconds we're spending it in apt configuration. Well, okay, that can make sense, right? One of the nice things about this is if we can come in through here and we can see, we saw how locale generation was taking a long time. And after a while it's like, you know, maybe we should be generating all these locales. Maybe we only need to be generating one unless the user says, please generate this one. And so trying to shorten down those times. And so I have another demo. Let's see here, I think I have one up, right? I do. So I have a container set up already. It's been booted a couple times and I have the, there are clouded it. Analyze branch here, this is not where I wanted to be. Clouded it, Analyze, Blame. All right, so here's an example using kind of the similar user data that I did last time. 50 seconds to run apps. Package update and upgrade took 23 seconds. And then you can see everything else took less than a second, but it does add up after a while. And so getting this data and being able to see it and record it, not only for each boot record, right? This is for the first boot, but then we come down here and we see the second boot record. Okay, this time clouded and it took far less time because everything's already been run, right? We already have all the packages, everything's already been updated, excuse me. I guess I ran it three times. All right, another command. This is Blame and then there's, I think show. All right, so what Blame was saying, which modules are taking the longest time for each boot record, show is going to give you more of a timeline view. So again, I mentioned the four stages. So init local, right away, quickly found, oh, I'm getting my data sources from the no cloud data source. I don't have to check any other data sources. Move on to the next stage. No networking configuration there required, so just move on. init network, right? It's applying some of the initial data source and data source, so user data and vendor data quickly goes through this. And so again, like this is a timeline as you go through the different modules. There's all the config modules that it ran. Here's all the final modules that ran. And then, okay, it set the times, and this is a bug right now after working on. Because it set the time, it skewed everything, so we need to fix that. Boot record two, similar thing, right? So again, purpose of this is to gather data on the different clouds, gather it on different data sources and see opportunities in areas where cloud init can be making improvements to speed up your boot time even further so that we're not slowing you down. So yeah, you can see by the third boot, right? It's taking less than a second for cloud init to run because everything else has already been run. So this is blame, again, showing top to bottom. This is show. The next improvement kind that we've made over the last year is cloud ID. We have a number of data sources. You've heard me use this term a couple times. It's cloud init's method of determining where it's being run, right? So I mentioned there's all those clouds out there that are using cloud init. Well, each of those clouds will run slightly differently, right? With Azure, you might get this ephemeral disk or AWS, you might not get that. The cloud providers have worked with the cloud init project to create their own data source for each of them. And so when you boot an instance that's running cloud init, it has to go figure out, where am I running? Should I be running the EC2 data source or should I be going off and looking for a no cloud or am I running on likes D? It needs to figure that out. And that can take time, especially if you're not running on anything, like you're running on KVM, it might time out waiting for some of these things. And so cloud ID is giving us a way to positively identify what cloud we're running on. And the result of that is faster boot time. We're not going out trying to sniff network resources that aren't actually there or shouldn't be there. And so just a better overall user experience in terms of quickly getting to boot, quickly finding out where I am and moving on from there. The other big area that we've been working on over the last year has been the integration test framework. Again, we're supported across all sorts of clouds. We run across Debian, Ubuntu, Red Hat, SUSE. And so because it's been adopted, it's been adopted by so many different data sources and operating systems, the test matrix is potentially huge. And so first off, what we've done is with merge requests, we are now doing smoke and nightly test runs every day using a daily image and using master. And we're able to more quickly and more readily find stuff earlier and earlier. With the integration test framework, what we've done is given ourselves an ability to go through these scenarios. These are three very common ways that we have to deal with cloud init. First is smoke test and nightly test runs. I kind of alluded to this. Running the daily image, running the latest versions of cloud init was important for smoke testing and gatekeeping, but also in terms of development. If you have a developer who's sitting there hacking on cloud init and they wanna be able to run something, this integration test framework gives us an opportunity for that. And then as far as stable release updates and debugging gives us an opportunity for that. What we've been using is LexD as a back end. LexD, LexD, it's fast. It gives us a big coverage of the cloud configured modules right away. And so it was a really good way of first starting off. We're working on KVM right now as a way of giving us ways of testing network and storage configurations on the remaining cloud config coverage of modules. So what we do is what we take base off of the back end, we start with downloading an image. With LexD, just downloading whatever that image is with KVM, we're downloading a cloud image. We then customize it. At the very least, we're gonna go find out what the cloud init version is in the image. But we can also inject a new version of cloud init. We can also build a version of cloud init like in the developer's tree and inject that in there and customize it. And then we take a snapshot. A snapshot could be like in LexD's case, it is literally a snapshot so that things are a little faster. But in terms of KVM, it's just basically copying an image and saying we're gonna use this image. And then what we do is go into this boot and collect loop where we boot an image with cloud init. We wait for that results file to come through and say everything's done. We check to make sure there's no errors and we start collecting things. We go through and say, oh, we expected the host name to change. We expected this SSH key to be there. And so we go in through and collect the output of all sorts of usually shell commands and gather out the output of things that we expected to chain and things that we expected to be there. And so we do that for all each of the tests. We're gonna boot a configuration. We're gonna collect the results of it and go through this boot collect loop. And then once all that is done, we've got all these results we go through and verify it. And these are just Python unit tests. We're going through and grabbing the output and we're basically running and making sure that the output matches. And so this is kind of how the integration test framework operates and it has given us an ability to kind of really feel better about where things are at with cloud init. In terms of merge requests and releases, so previously there was no CI that was officially done on merge requests. It was all done by hand. And so our goal has been automated better and faster, right? So anytime we submit a merge request to the cloud init project, it runs all the unit tests via talks. It includes some linting. It actually will go out and build the package to make sure you haven't broken the build and then run some of those integration tests that I just mentioned to make sure that the thing major has happened. This has improved both our quality, right? In terms of, oh shoot, I broke things last night. I didn't realize it. That was a reactionary not having to deal with that. Catch it earlier, better. And we've also, as a team, tried to get a lot better in terms of responding to merge requests. The graph is actually the active reviews and the yellow line is the 28 day moving average. It's going the right direction. A lot of things were just kind of sitting there waiting for people to review and, you know, admittedly there were times where we dropped the ball trying to get faster reviews and faster feedback to people over time. As well as releases. The seven, eight release was, last year was first released in a couple of years, I think. We had a seven, nine quickly come after and seven, 10 we're working on right now. So we're really trying to do better in terms of participate with the community, have them get them feedback faster and be able to get things in more quickly. If you're interested in Cloud Init and you want to get involved or you have more questions, run FreeNode and pound Cloud Init. The source is on Launchpad. There is documentation on Read the Docs which is all based off of stuff that's in the source code. And then there's kind of the marketing website for Cloud Init where you can learn a little bit and get links to all these things as well. If you have any questions after this, I'm going to take them and then I'll be here the rest of the day. Thank you. Any questions? Going on? Yeah. End of last year we had the Debian Cloud Sprint. Yes. And we had some problems with Cloud Init. I think for Debian we want to use Cloud Init just for the first time boot to generate the SSH keys, setting host name and so on. And what I get now is that you also, or it's getting bigger and bigger. It's not the initial part anymore since Cloud Config is now something like a configuration management you build. So what do you think? Is there still the separation between the first boot initial things that needs to be done and the configuration management part? So you could run Cloud Init without using any of the configuration stuff, right? You could launch an instance without any user data, which I think most people do, and it will generate the SSH keys for you and be done. And so you can use it in that manner. I'm trying to highlight more of the other things that it can do for you as well, right? In terms of you don't have to be writing shell scripts or bash scripts to go do all this stuff for you, or you can and pass it to Cloud Init and how they go launch it for you and help automate your instance, right? Going back to that first boot, customize everything as much as you want. But if you don't want to use all that, you're fine to not use all that. So does that answer your question? Okay. Any other questions? Cool. Thank you very much. Appreciate it.


Yes, so I've installed this new desktop environment. It looks really cool from the director of arch and non-free software comes a new vision of terror What the heck is going on here? Hey Richard? Can you believe how slow and heavy this desktop environment is? I think I'm just gonna uninstall it No, there's no gnome curse. That's just an urban legend. Now. Nothing's gonna happen to me by removing it Just when you thought it was safe to go back into the terminal What the heck's going on with the lights? Richard, is that you?  What the heck's going on? Who's messing with me? Who's there? Install me GNOME THING ISN'T REAL! On my computer. Who opened that terminal? I don't understand What do you want? I want GNOME! Read it, be for Bluetd Richard, this isn't funny. Stop messing around


Good morning, everyone. I'm so glad to stand here to do a plantation for us for about the nature and the metropolitans I think my plantation is a bit different from former two guys because my and My major is urban planning and we will talk about practical urban development policy around the world So why we should build a sustainable urban development form? I think we should talk about first a dog why we built a compact city In our nowadays first it's for good for the environmental effect it will Benefit the climate change era and also it will be balance the environment quality of the urban environment and also create equity for the social groups and then unless you can restore the urban Nature and the history I Think we have principles in our metropolitans when we built our Stamble urban development first we need to understand we need to think globally and when we require to Stole the problems we need to act regionally and Then we need to have a cooperation with different disciplines and then practical and Social issues go together Just another so theory is not important. We need to do practice for for experiment The old that this is all the lie of my Plantation I have six topics. The fourth is the sustainable urban development. What is sustainable urban development? We know all familiar with the definition was something about development, but what is for the urban's I? Think there are three dimensions as I planted in this land The fourth is a social development second is economical development and then is Environmental protection the three demon dimensions are Very important. We should not emphasis on single of them. We should consider three of them together We should know the only three dimensions jump jump together. It's a sustainable pattern of urban development and then the sustainable development should be a think as a global scale. I think they are fine Sustainable goals in our urban development, but now we should talk about the most important one the climate change era There are some guys who do up into the so theory of urban development That is focused on how urban development can meet the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs and The sunset in the moment of sustainable urban development. We have five methods. The fourth is we can use renewable Results instead of non-renewable and we should know the natural Capital is very mental for our cities and we can benefit from the natural interest The third is we should imply appropriate technology in our research and practical such as the biological for your fields and We should know in input replacement and produce locally to to not over Exploit or the local resource and at last we should know we need to console restore and recycling the local resource first we use the renewable energy resource such like solar and the wind resource and We can use substitute like biodiesel for the fossil fossil fuels and then It's very important that one can reduce the Vanko mouth when we drive in the city It's how different method to achieve this goal goes and we can talk about in the next Our lives and for example comeback development and the to the transportation system and This is our practice in to the transportation system. We usually that is transportation oriented Development in the middle We would build the public transportation center and around it will be mixed land use so that so that the people from the central city can Transport to the sunlight city where a convenient and they will reduce the demand for traffic and This is a neighborhood built for in adding work It for it called for the green car freight some temple in this neighborhood People can work in the neighborhood to each other in the every building they need them to drive car They can best cooling around here. So it's car freight Quite energy saving and other in our transportation practical. We can use our High-competitive a bus system. You can you can see from the picture that in the middle it builds the bus station and On the two sides the bus is the road is basically safe for bus not for private car and on the side On the other side is for private car it will faster the public transportation and promote people to use the more public transportation and the the below picture the other picture is a show that we can build specific road for the best cooling system that will this practice has been vastly used in New Zealand and sometimes we use in our metropolitan neighborhood to promote the best cooling and then we have our Recycling policy This is a picture from Europe that what can we save what can we recycle from our? Disposal such as papers glasses and Second I will talk about is a sustainable urban form. It's quite It's quite important because it's related to the last slide that We can reduce the marriage a one-call transportation in a city. I Think we need to start from the Industrial civilization from that from that period we our energy conception in the cities was vastly Enhanced we vastly enlarged And it caused a lot of your modern quality Environmental problems in the cities such as pollution and water pollution high-density overcrowding From this land we would say that we need to resolve the environmental the climate change problem error for the Urban development also we should know we need to solve the other problem together to think about our policy It's a garden city mold it's built by the Abductor who art who want to combine the tone and countryside advantage together to solve the problem and He desired city modes that in the middle is a central city and around it house a satellite city. They are connected with the Trinsystem and a highway system is a railroad connect the satellites with each other And it will promote efficiency of the transportation and also create the a lot of green land like the green belt along the city and Now we learn a lot from this mode even today we when we built out the satellite cities as the Lingon satellite city around Shanghai or it's a Satellite city around Dubai. We usually use this model and Another model is reading city. It's it built high-density blocks to solve the problem of our environmental quality in the city and The high density allowed a lot of green parks can be built in the city to save the through save the land area and Nowadays we built our city like this We're in our metropolitan's we built a lot of high-density blocks to provide more parks and the green ground here and We also have our board eggs city is a mold developed by a very important American champion architects white Who promotes us to in in this city every citizens have one egg farmland land to build their houses and also have their Gardens and do some farm work here. It is a manner of life, but it also lead to our issue nowadays is the urban spa nowadays we built our cities From the three model the garden city the reading city and the and the Board egg city nowadays we allow to transportation like the Private car transportation is caused a lot of energy conception in the urban area, especially in the Suburban area now really had to calculate that If we all live in the North American's we should have two more planet to sometimes our Our maintenance mental maintain our lives and People now driving cars to our cities and now they drive with their cars to the cinema They drive car to moto motel. They also drive car to how they are far food They drive to for shopping. They drive even to the church So what is the some temple urban form? it should be compact and It should use the high density to store some of the issues and also it should keep it in the appropriate Density so it will read it will also meet the need on the social on the social development and the economical development and The third online is about ecological design Why we need to equality? Yeah, it won on a very micro Microscope even just to design a single building or single houses We in these houses we are mostly used on the bicycle pants or working pants and we also use a lot of energy saving method such like a soda and wind power and We can see from the IBM headquarters in these buildings we use a lot of new technology to Save energy in these buildings. It can even generate from the solar solar power and Also, we built to D and neighborhood. It will be a large scale different from it the single building and It's a zero energy development in London from this picture, we can see the energy used in this neighborhood all generate from the Green energy and then we built our green roof. It's who in treating city development the moment and It's from new technology, especially the materials can afford the soil on the roof land to build to plant to put up to plant the new trees here and Maybe our future city is like this Okay, I will have a quick sense as others This is the green easier. This means that we should build a city on more How more green parks and how built them in the green areas This particle have a particle influence on our cities now, it's the Netherlands We can see all the cities built in the like a park and the people can free car Free car Transportation here. They can just walk have walking distance and the They can use a soda. They can cheer the left with a sunshine and 85 percent of the building is face to the south And we have also some other cities Okay, we can analyze in the footprint of the cities Now we can use some new technologies to calculate our household food footprint So that we can make our policy development depend on these fingers and The last is design nature. Why we should design nature. It's driven by Mike Hawk who is a Geography good geography in the world he designed the regional area by using new technology GIS system and In his planning he considered natural resources as a major resource in the planning factors and He built models Thank you, unless I will say our planners and actors can learn from the Architecture and we should do that with nature. We should consider a lot of some temple Principles in our research. Thank you


Good afternoon. And this small function, as I said, is organized to record our appreciation and sincere thanks to the colleagues from J.P. Morgan. As I said, we have contributed tremendously to the conduct of the four courses under the College to Corporate Program. Without further ado, I would request Professor Kannan to kindly distribute the planks to the participants. Maybe you can stand here and I will hand over each plate when I announce the name. Not too far because you and others should be visible. So we begin with Anir the Aina Pure, the leader of the gang. Give it to him. The small memory of the write-up that you have. Thank you very much. I next request Amol Hatwar to kindly join us here. Thank you Amol. It's a small memory. May I request Archana Rana to kindly come forward. Thank you Archana for your efforts. Saurabh Paose please. Thank you Saurabh. Ashwin Shah. Thank you Ashwin. Uday Chandra. Thank you. This program could not have been managed by IIT Bombay alone. We had very strong support from J.P. Morgan team. In fact, there were several people. Some of them also contributed in some of the sessions. But I am specially delighted to invite friends from the program management team of J.P. Morgan, led by none other than Meena Jinturkar. May I request Meena to come here. I must say that I have learned more about the legal shenigas that need to go through. And thank you very much for that support as well to sort out the problems. The only way we understand law is to remain on the right side of it, nothing else. Shivraj Parab please. Thank you Shivraj. Arnab Ganguly. Thank you Arnab. Please take your seat. I would like to take this opportunity to at least read out the names of other experts and senior officials from J.P. Morgan who contributed to this effort. They could not be present here because they are busy training people all over the world. I suppose the internal people in J.P. Morgan. So Ravi Kodukulla was probably the senior officer in charge of the training. Stephen Abraham and I recall enjoying several moments joining hands with him in some of the sessions. We had Rupali Chimote. We had Pranay Duggarh. We had Zubin Kaurana. A very passionate person when he speaks to people that is what I noticed about Zubin. We had Ashish Kumar Singh and we had Prashant Baj. We also had from the program management team Ritu Sharma and Amit Shevde. They could not come here but what we have done is we have actually a small leaflet that has been presented. Maybe we could put the PDF file on the site if you permit that or you don't want that to be put. Well, you will have to get your legal advice I guess. We will not do that but nobody prevents me from showing this. Can you focus on this please? Yes. So these are all the dignitaries from J.P. Morgan who have made this program feasible jointly with my colleagues at IIT Bombay. Thank you so much. Before closing this short function I would like to request Professor Kannan to say a few words. Then I will make brief closing remarks. Professor Kannan please. Somebody is back in my chair. Good afternoon everyone here and also in all the remote centers. This is the most timely course offered through us with support from J.P. Morgan. This is the requirement of the time. I recall many years ago going to one of our remote centers and talking to them and they said that they really wanted us to beam a course that would teach students how to perform in an interview. The soft skill. Soft skill was the most important thing. The thing that is not taught in any academic program in the college, in the classroom. They said why don't you teach that? Obviously we were not geared up for that. That was I think probably about five years ago. Better late than never. So I am happy that it has happened and I am also happy that J.P. Morgan has come forward and supported us not only financially but also by taking classes. I wish this would continue and go by orders of magnitude and it would also benefit many more participants. I think the number of people trained through this program, although it is large, is small by our country's size. So it should also scale up maybe at least an order of magnitude. Ten times is the minimum number I think should happen and that will be good for our country and if you want to become a developed country, we certainly have to do that. So I want to thank again J.P. Morgan for helping us for organizing this program and all the participants of this program. Congratulations. I am pretty sure that you will find this very useful. With this, I would not take more time because we have the habit of talking for one hour. And as professors, I am going to let the mic go. Thanks. Thank you so much. In my closing remarks, I would just like to mention a few points for the elaborating on what Professor Kannan mentioned. The need of the hour for this country of our size is in fact that almost all students who do any professional course in the country should be trained in these subjects. That number annually is about 1.25 million students while we are trying to reach out to more people and we do hope that one day we will reach out to millions in a single go. However, I am very happy to announce that based on the feedback that we have received, we have been able to do two things. Number one, we have been able to modify the contents and tweak them suitably for subsequent offering. More importantly, we have decided to add one course in basic English which turned out to be one important requirement of a large number of students across the country who do not do their schooling in English but do it in native languages. So we will be happy to announce that. I would also like to share that preliminary discussions have already taken place between us and JP Morgan. And an appropriate proposal for continued support from JP Morgan will shortly be made which will incorporate the changes that we are going to make in the college to corporate program. And as Professor Kannon said, we have observed indeed that in each of the four courses that we have offered, the people who have succeeded in qualifying amount about 1,500 to 2,000 people although more than 10,000 and 12,000 had originally enrolled. We would first like this enrollment to qualification ratio to increase and we would like the enrollment to increase further. But in all probability starting this June, we will be offering the next round of college to corporate program hopefully in conjunction with JP Morgan. And that time I would like to see at least 10 to 15,000 students qualifying in each of the courses and at least 25 to 30,000 students enrolling. It should be possible because now we have more than 456 remote centers, we have recently increased them and we will be writing to all of them to participate in this interview. Once again I would like to thank all the colleagues from JP Morgan who are here and those who are not here for their constant support and for their active participation. Thank you one and all. Thank you Professor Kannon. We will start the next session in few minutes. Please remain connected. Thank you so much over and out.