From around the globe, it's theCUBE presenting the innovation for good brought to you by Onshape. Okay, we're back, this is Dave Vellante and you're watching Innovation for Good, a program on CUBE 365 made possible by Onshape, a PTC company. We're live today, real live TV, which is the heritage of theCUBE. And now we're going to go to the sources and talk to Onshape customers to find out how they're applying technology to create real world innovations that are changing the world. So let me introduce our panel members. Our Raphael Gomech-Sverberg is with the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, a very big idea and collaborative nonprofit was the initiative that was funded by Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan. And really around diagnosing and curing and better managing infectious diseases. So really timely topic. Philip Tabor is also joining us, he's with SilverSide Detectors, which develops neutron detection systems yet. You want to know if early, if neutrons and radiation are in places where you don't want them. So this should be really interesting. And last but not least, Matthew Shields is with the Charlottesville schools and is going to educate us on how he and his team are educating students in the use of modern engineering tools and techniques. Gentlemen, welcome to theCUBE and to the program. This should be really interesting. Thanks for coming on. Hi, our pleasure. Gravisas. All right, you're very welcome. Okay, let me ask each of you because you're all doing such interesting and compelling work. Let's start with Raphael. Tell us more about the Biohub and your role there, please. Yeah, so as you said, the Biohub is an nonprofit research institution funded by Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan. And our main mission is to develop new technologies to help advance medicine and help hopefully cure and manage diseases. We also have very close collaborations with the University of California San Francisco, Stanford University and the University of California Berkeley. And we tried to bring those universities together so they collaborate more on biomedical topics. And I manage a team of engineers, the bioengineering platform, and we're tasked with creating instruments for the laboratory to help the scientists both inside the organization and also in the partner universities do their experiments in better ways or in ways that they couldn't do before. And this initiative was launched, what, five years ago? It was announced at the end of 2016 and we actually started operations at the beginning of 2017, which is when I joined. So this is our third year. And how's it going? How's it work? I mean, these things take time. It's been a fantastic experience. The organization works beautifully. It was amazing to see it grow from the beginning. I was employee number 12, I think. So when I came in, it was just an empty office building and empty labs and very quickly we had something running that's amazing. So I'm very proud of the work that we have done to make that possible. And then of course, as you mentioned now with COVID, we've been able to do a lot of very cool work at the very beginning of the pandemic in March when there was a deficit of testing capacity in California. We spun up a testing laboratory in record time in about a week. It was crazy, it was a crazy project, but very incredibly satisfying. And we ended up running all the way until the beginning of November when the lab was finally shut down. We could process about 3,000 samples a day. I think at the end of it all, we were able to test about 100 on the order of 150,000 samples from all over the state. We were providing free testing to all of the Department of Public Health, Departments of Public Health in California, which at the beginning of the pandemic had no way to do testing affordably and fast. So I think that was a great service to the state. Now the state has created a testing system that would serve those departments. So then we decided that it wasn't necessary to keep going with testing in the other biohubs so that would shut down. Great, thank you for that. Now, Phillip, what you do is mind-melting. You basically help keep the world safe. Maybe describe a little bit more about silver side detectors and what your role is there and how it all works. Sure, so we make nuclear bond detectors and we also make water detectors. So we try and do our part to keep the world from blowing up and make it a better place at the same time. And both of these applications use neutron radiation detectors. That's what we make. We put them out by a port, border crossing, places like that. They can help make sure that people aren't smuggling, shall we say, very bad things. There's also a burgeoning field of research and application where you can use neutrons with some pretty cool physics to find water. So you can do things like put a detector up in the mountains and measure snowpack. Put it out in the middle of the field and measure soil moisture content. And as you might imagine, there are some really cool applications in research and agronomy and public policy for this. All right, so it's okay. So it's much more than, you know, whatever, fighting terrorism, there's a real edge or kind of IOT application for what you guys do. Yeah, we do both. It's swords to plowshares, you might say. Yeah. Matt, I look at your role as kind of scaling the brain power for the future. Maybe tell us more about Charlottesville Schools and the mission that you're pursuing and what you do. Sure, thank you. I've been in Charlottesville City Schools for about 11 or 12 years. I started there teaching handful of classes, math and science and things like that. But the school board and my administration had the crazy idea of starting an engineering program about seven years ago. My background is in engineering. My master's is in mechanical and aerospace engineering. And I basically spent a summer kind of coming up with what might be a fun engineering curriculum for our students. And it started with just me and 30 students about seven years ago. Kind of a homespun from scratch curriculum. And one of my goals from the outset was to be a completely project-based curriculum. And it's now grown. We probably have about six or 700 students, five or six full-time teachers. We now have pre-engineering going on at the fifth and sixth grade level. And I now have students graduating after senior year with like seven years of engineering under their belt and heading off to doing some pretty cool stuff. So it's been a lot of fun building up a program and learning a lot in the process. That's awesome.  You know, not only do we need more students in STEM, we need more underrepresented women, minorities, et cetera. And we were just talking to John Hirstack and Dana Grayson about this. Do you feel as though you're, I mean, first of all, the work that you do is awesome, but I'll go one step further. Do you feel as though it's reaching a more diverse base and how is that going? That's a great question. I think research shows that a lot of people get funneled into one kind of track or career path or a set of interests really early on in their educational career. And sometimes that funnel is kind of artificial. And so that's one of the reasons we keep pushing back. So our school system is introducing kindergarteners to programming. And so we're trying to push back how we expose students to engineering and to STEM fields as early as possible. And we've definitely seen the fruits of that in my program. In fact, my engineering program sprung out of an after school and extracurricular science club that actually three girls started at our school. So I think that actually has helped that three girls started the club and that eventually is what led to our engineering programs. That sort of baked into the DNA. And also our school is a big public school and we have about 50% of the students are under the poverty line. And I'm in Charlottesville, which is a big refugee town. And so I've been adamant from day one that there are no barriers to entering into the program. There's no tests you have to take. You don't have to be taking a certain level of math or anything like that. And that's been a lot of fun to have a really diverse set of kids enter the program and be successful. That's phenomenal. That's great to hear. So Phillip, I want to come back to you. You know, I think about maybe someday we'll be able to go back to sporting events. And I know when I'm in there, there's somebody up on the roof looking out for me. You know, watching the crowd and they have my back. And I think in many ways the products that you build, you know, are similar. I may not know they're there, but they're keeping us safe or they're measuring things that I don't necessarily see. But I wonder if you could talk about a little bit more detail about the products you build and how they're impacting society. Sure. So there are certainly a lot of people who are watching trying to make sure things are going well and keeping you safe that you may or may not be aware of. And we try and support a lot of them. So we have detectors that are deployed in a variety of uses with a number of agencies and governments that do, like I was saying, ports and border crossing, some other interesting applications that are looking for signals that should not be there and working closely to fit into the operations these folks do. And we also have a lot of outreach to researchers and scientists trying to help them support the work they're doing using neutron detection for soil moisture monitoring is some really cool opportunities for doing it at large scale and with much less expense or complication than would have been done with previous technologies. You know, they were talking about collaboration in the previous segment, we've been able to join a number of conferences for that virtually, including one that was supposed to be held in Boston, but another one that was held out of the University of Heidelberg in Germany. And this is sort of things that in some ways the pandemic is pushing people towards greater collaboration than they would have been able to do, had it all been in person. Yeah, we did, the Cube did live works a couple of years ago in Boston, it was an awesome show. And I think, you know, with this whole trend toward digital, I call it the force march to digital thanks to COVID, I think that's just going to continue to grow. Raphael, I wonder if you could describe the process that you use to better understand diseases and what's your organization's involvement been in more detail with addressing the COVID pandemic? So we have, the biohub is structured in a way that fosters the combination of technology and science. So we have two scientific tracks, one about infectious diseases and the other one about understanding just basic human biology, how the human body functions and especially how the cells in the human body function and how they're organized to create tissues in the body. And then it has this set of platforms, mine was one of them by engineering, that are all technology related. So we have data science platform, all about data analysis, machine learning, things like that. We have a mass spectrometry platform, it's all about mass spectrometry technologies to exploit those ones in service for the scientist. And we have a genomics platform that is all about sequencing DNA and RNA. And then an advanced microscopy, it's all about developing technologies to look at things with advanced microscopes and other technologies to marry computation and microscopy. So the scientists set the agenda and the platforms, we just serve their needs, support their needs and hopefully develop technologies that help them do their experiments better and faster or allow them to the experiments that they couldn't do in any other way before. And so with COVID, because we have that very strong group of scientists that work on, have been working on infectious diseases before and especially in viruses, we've been able to very quickly pivot onto working on that. So for example, my team was able to build pretty quickly a machine to automatically purify proteins and it's been used to purify all these different important proteins in the COVID virus, the SARS-CoV-2 virus. And we're sending some of those purified proteins all over the world to scientists that are researching the virus and trying to figure out how to develop the vaccines, understand how the virus affects the body and all that. So some of the machines we built are having a very direct impact on this. Also for the COVID testing lab, we were able to very quickly develop some very simple machines that allowed the lab to function sort of faster and more efficiently, sort of add a little bit of automation in places where we couldn't find commercial machines that would do it. Got it, yeah. So Matt, I mean, you got to be listening to this and thinking about, okay, some day your students are going to be working at organizations like like Biohub and SilverSide and a lot of young people that just, I don't know about you guys, but like my kids, they're really passionate about changing the world. You know how it is way more important than, you know, the financial angles and it's a, I got to believe you're seeing that, that you're right in the front lines there. Absolutely. In fact, when I started the curriculum six or seven years ago, one of the first bits of feedback I got from my students is they said, okay, this is a lot of fun. So I had my students designing projects and programming microcontrollers, Raspberry Pi's and Arduino's and things like that. The first bit of feedback I got from students was they said, okay, when do we get to impact the world? I've heard engineering is about making the world a better place and robots are fun and all, but where's the real impact? And so do, yeah, thanks to the guidance of my students, I'm baking that more in now on like day one of engineering when we talk about how the things, the tools that they're learning and the skills they're gaining, eventually very soon can be used to make the world a better place. You know, we all probably heard that famous line by Jeff Hammabock or the greatest minds of my generation are trying to figure out how to get people to click on ads. I think we're really, you know, generally, generationally finally at the point where young students in engineering are really, you know, passionate about affecting society. I wanna get into the product side and understand how each of you are using on shape and the value that it brings, maybe Raphael, you can start, how long you've been using it? You know, what's your experience with it? Let's start there. I've been here for about two years and I switched to it with some trepidation. You know, I was used to always using the traditional product that you have to install on your computer that everybody uses. And so I was kind of locked into that but I started being very frustrated with the way it worked and decided to give on shape a chance with trepidation because any change always causes anxiety. But very quickly my engineers started loving it just because it's, first of all, the learning curve wasn't very difficult at all. You can transfer from the traditional product to on shape very quickly and easily. You can learn all the concepts very fast. It has all the functionality that we needed. And what's best is that it allows to do things that we couldn't do before or we couldn't do easily. Now we can access our CAD documents from anywhere in the world. So when we're in the lab fabricating something or testing a machine, any computer we have next to us or a tablet or an iPhone, we can pull it up and look at the CAD and check things or make changes. That's something that we couldn't do before because before you had to pay for every installation of the software for every computer and I couldn't afford to have 20 installations to have some computers with the CAD ready to use them like once every six months would have been very inefficient. So we love that part. And the collaboration features are fantastic. Especially now with COVID that we have to have all the remote meetings. It's fantastic that you can have another person drive the CAD while the whole team is watching that person change the model and do things and point to things. That is absolutely revolutionary. We love it. The fact that you have very, very sophisticated version control. Before it was always a challenge asking people, please, if you create an version and a part, how do we name it so that people find it? And then you end up with all these collection of files with names that nobody remembers what they are, the person left, and now nobody knows which version is the right one, a mess. With Onshape and the versioning system it has and the fact that you can go back in history of the document and go back to previous versions so easily and then go back to the present version and explore the history of the part. That is truly just world changing for us that we can do that so easily. And for me as a manager to manage this collection of information that is critical for our operations, it makes it so much easier because everything is in one place. I don't have to worry about file servers that go down, that I have to administer, that I have to have IT, taking care of, that I have to figure out to give access to people to those servers when they're at home and they need a virtual private network and all of that mess disappears. I just simply give a person an account on Onshape and then magically they have access to everything in the way I want. And we can manage all our documents and everything in a way that is absolutely fantastic. Rafael, what was your, what were some of the concerns you had? You mentioned you had some trepidation. Was it performance? Was it security? Some of the traditional cloud stuff and I'm curious as to how, whether any of those were manifested or were they really that you had to manage? What were your concerns? Look, the main concern is how long is it gonna take for everybody in the team to learn to use the system like it and buy into it? Because I don't want to have my engineers using tools against their will, right? I want everybody to be happy because that's how they're productive. They're happy and they enjoy the tools they have. That was my main concern. I was a little bit worried about the whole concept of not having the files in a place where I could quote unquote see it in some server on site but that's kind of an outdated concept, right? So that took a little bit of a mind shift but very quickly then I started thinking, look, I have a lot of documents on Google Drive. Like, I don't worry about that. Why would I worry about my cat on Onshape, right? It's the same thing. So I just needed to sort of put things in perspective that way. The other concern was the learning curve, right? It's like how easy it would be for everybody to, and for me to learn it and whether it had all of the features that we needed. And there are a few features that I actually discussed with Cody at Onshape and they were actually awesome about using their scripting language in Onshape to sort of mimic some of the features of the old cat in Onshape in a way that actually works even better than the old system. So it was amazing, yeah. Great, thank you for that. Phillip, what's your experience been? Maybe you could take us through your journey with Onshape. Sure. So we've been using Onshape at Solverside for coming up on about four years now and we love it. We're very happy with it. We have a very modular product line. So we make anything from detectors that would go into backpacks to vehicles to very large things that a shipping container would go through. And Sol, excuse me, Onshape helps us to track and collaborate faster on the design. We can have multiple people working at the same time on a project. And it also helps us to figure out if somebody else comes to us and say, hey, I want something new, how we can grab modules from things that we already have put them together and then keep track of the design development and the different branches and ideas that we have, how they all fit together as the design comes together. And it's just been fantastic. From a mechanical engineering background, I will also say that having used a number of different systems and thought SolidWorks was the greatest thing since sliced bread before, I got using Onshape and I went, wow, this is amazing and I really don't want to design in any other platform after getting only a little bit familiar with it. You know, it's funny, right? I have the speed of technology progression. I was explaining to some young guns the other day how I used to have a day timer and that was my life. And if I lost that day timer, I was dead. And I don't know how we existed without, you know, Google Maps, so I didn't get anywhere. I don't know.  You hear, for instance, you know, all the time, wow, you know, I get my Amazon bill at the end of the month, it's through the roof, but the reality is that, yeah, well, maybe you are doing more, but you're doing things that you couldn't have done before and I think about your experience in teaching and educating, I mean, so much more limited in terms of the resources that you would have had to be able to educate people. So what's your experience been with Onshape and what has it enabled? Yeah, I was actually talking, before we went with Onshape, we had a previous CAD program and I was talking to my vendor about it and he let me know that we were actually one of the biggest CAD shops in the state. Because if you think about it, a really big program, you know, a really big company might employ five, 10, 15, 20 CAD guys, right? I mean, when I worked for a large defense contractor, I think there were probably 20 of us as the CAD guys. I now have about 300 students doing CAD. So there's probably more students with more hours of CAD under their belt in my building than there were when I worked for the big defense contractor. But like you mentioned, probably our biggest hurdle is just resources. And so we want, one of the things I've always provided myself in trying to do in this program is provide students with access to tools and skills that they're gonna see either in college or in the real world. So that's one of the reasons we went with a big professional CAD program. There are, you know, sort of K-12 oriented software and programs and things, but you know, I want my kids coding in Python and using Slack and using professional type of tools. And so when it comes to CAD, that was a real hurdle. I mean, you know, you could spend $30,000 on one seat of a professional CAD program. And then you need a $30,000 computer to run it on if you're doing heavy assemblies. And so one of my dreams that it was always just a crazy dream and the way I would always pitch it to my school system, I'd say someday I'm gonna have a kid on a school-issued Chromebook in subsidized housing on public Wi-Fi doing professional level CAD. And that was a crazy statement until a couple of years ago. So we're really excited that I literally, and you know, March, and you said the forced March into, you know, modernity. March 13th, I had kids sitting in my engineering lab that we spent a lot of money on doing CAD. March 14th, those kids were at home on their school-issued Chromebooks on public Wi-Fi, keeping their designs going and collaborating. And then, yeah, I can go on and on about some of the things, you know, the features that we've learned since then that are even better. So it's not like this is some inferior diminished version of the CAD. I mean, there's so much about it that's better. Well, I wanna ask you that. I may be over my skis on this, but are we starting to see the early days of the democratization of CAD and product design? And is the citizen engineer, I mean, maybe insulting to the engineers in the room, but is that, are we beginning to see that? I have to believe that as everything moves into the cloud, part of that is democratization, that I don't need, I can, whether I think artists, you know, I can have a music studio in my basement with a nice enough software package, and I can be a professional for now, my wife's a photographer, I'm not allowed to say that. I can be a professional photographer with, you know, some cloud-based software. And so, yeah, I do think that's part of what we're seeing is more and more technology moving to the cloud. Phillip or Raphael, anything you'd add? I think, I mean, yeah, that combination of cloud-based CAD and then 3D printing that is becoming more and more affordable and ubiquitous, it's truly transformative. And I think for education, it's fantastic. I wish when I was a kid, I had the opportunity to play with those kinds of things, because I was always doing things, but in a very primitive way. So I think this is a dream for kids to be able to do this. And yeah, there's so many other technologies coming on, like Arduino and all of these electronic things that kids play at home very quickly with things that back in my day would have been unthinkable. So we know there's a, go ahead, Phillip, please. We had a pandemic and SilverSide moved to a new manufacturing facility this year. I was just on the shop floor talking with contractors standing six feet apart, pointing at things. But through it all, our CAD system was completely unruffled, nothing stopped in our development work, nothing stopped in our support for existing systems in the field. We didn't have to think about it. We had other server issues, but none with our engineering CAD platform and product development and support work right ahead, which was cool. But also, go ahead. Matt's point, I think it's just really cool what you're doing with the kids. The most interesting secondary and college level engineering work that I did was project-based. Take an important problem to the world, go solve it. And that is what we do here. That is what my entire career has been. And I'm super excited to see what your students are going to be doing in their home classrooms, on their Chromebooks now, and what they do building on that. Yeah, I'm super excited to see your kids coming out of college with engineering degrees. Because I think that project-based experience is so much better than just sitting in a classroom taking notes and doing math problems. Absolutely. And I think it will give the kids a much better flavor of what engineering is really about. I think a lot of kids get turned off by engineering because they think it's kind of dry, because it's just about the math or some very abstract concept. And they are there. But I think the most important thing is just that hands-on building and the creativity of making things that you can touch, that you can see, that you can see functioning. Great. So we all know the relentless pace of technology progression. So when you think about, when you're sitting down with the folks that on-shape and they're at the customer advisory board, what are the things that you want on-shape to do that it doesn't do today? I could start by saying I just love some of the things it does do because it's such a modern platform. And I think some of these, some platforms that have a lot of legacy and a lot of history behind them, I think we're dragging some of that behind them. So it's cool to see a platform that seemed to be developed in a modern era. It is the Google Docs. And so the fact that collaboration and versioning and link sharing and platform agnostic abilities, the fact that that seems to be just built into the nature of the thing, so far that's super exciting. As far as things that to go from there, I don't know. Other than price, you can't say lower price. That's it. So far on-shape, PTCs worked with us really well, so I'm not complaining there either. Great, yeah. Yeah, no gaps, guys. White space, come on. We've been really enjoying the three-week update cadence. There's a new version every three weeks and we don't have to install it. We just get all the latest and greatest goodies. One of the trends that we've been following and enjoying is the help with revision management and release workflows. And I know that there's more than on-shape is working on that we're very excited for, because that's a big important part about making real hardware and supporting it in the field. Something that was cool, they just integrated some markup capability in the last release that took... We were doing that anyway, but we were doing it outside of on-shape, so now we get to streamline our workflow and put it in the CAD system where we're making those changes anyway when we're reviewing drawings and doing this kind of collaboration. And so I think from our perspective, we continue to look forward to further progress on that. There's a lot of capability in the cloud that I think they're just kind of scratching the surface on you. Right. I mean, you're asking to Nate Pick. I would say one of the things that I would like to see is faster regeneration speed. There are a few times with complicated studies that regenerating the document takes a little longer than I would like to. Okay. It's not a serious issue, but anyway, I'm being spoiled. Yeah, no, that's good. I've been doing this a long time and I like to ask that question of practitioners. And to me, it's a signal, like when you're nitpicking and you're struggling to nitpick, that to me is a sign of a successful product. And I wonder, I don't know, I have to deep dive into the architecture, but are things like alternative processors, you're seeing them hit the market in a big way, maybe helping address that challenge. But I'm going to ask you the big chewy question now, then we'll maybe go to some audience questions. When you think about the world's biggest problems, I mean, we're just global pandemics, obviously top of mind. You think about nutrition, feeding the global community. We've actually done a pretty good job of that, but it's not necessarily with the greatest nutrition, climate change, alternative energy, the economic divides, you've got geopolitical threats, social unrest, healthcare is a continuing problem. What's your vision for changing the world and how product innovation for good can be applied to some of the problems that you all are passionate about? A big question, who wants to start? I'm biased, but for years I've been saying that if you want to solve the economy, the environment, global unrest, pandemics, education is the key. So if you want to make progress in those realms, I think funding education is probably going to pay off pretty well. Absolutely, and I think STEM is key to that. I mean, a lot of the wellbeing that we have today in industrialized countries is thanks to science and technology, right? Improvements in healthcare, improvements in communication, transportation, air conditioning, every aspect of life is touched by science and technology. So I think having more kids studying and understanding that is absolutely key. Yeah, Philip, you got anything to add? I think there's some big technical problems in the world today, Rafael and ourselves are certainly working on a couple of them. I think they're also collaboration problems and getting everybody to be able to pull together instead of pulling separately and to be able to spur the ideas onward. So that's where I think the education side is really exciting, what Matt is doing. And this kind of collaboration in general, when we can provide tools to help people do good work, that is, I think, valuable. Yeah, and I think that's a very good point. And along those lines, we have some projects that are about creating very low-cost instruments for low-research settings, places in Africa, Southeast Asia, South America, so that they can do biomedical research that it's difficult to do in those places because they don't have the money to buy the fancy lab machines that cost $30,000 an app. So we're trying to sort of democratize some of those instruments. And I think thanks to tools like Unshave, then it's easier, for example, to have a conversation with somebody in Africa and show them the design that we have and discuss the details of it with them. And that's amazing, right? To have somebody in 10 time zones away looking real-time with you about your design and discussing the details or teaching them how to build a machine, right? Because if they have a 3D printer, you can just give them the design and say, like, you build it yourself, even cheaper than us building it and shipping it there. So all that aspect of it is also super important, I think, for any of these efforts to improve some of the hardest parts of the world. For climate change, as you say, poverty, nutrition issues, you have availability of water. You have that project about finding water. If we can also help deploy technologies that teach people remotely how to create their own technologies or how to build their own systems that will help them solve those problems locally, I think that's very powerful. Yeah, the point about education is right on. I think some people in the audience may be familiar with the work of Eric Bryn Jolson and Andy McAfee, the second machine age where they sort of put forth the premise that, hey, is that a laid it out? Look, for the first time in history, machines are replacing humans from a cognitive perspective. Machines have always replaced humans, but that's going to have an impact on jobs, but the answer is not to protect the past from the future. The answer is education and public policy that really supports that. I couldn't agree more. I think that's a really great point. We do have some questions from the audience if I can ask you guys. This one kind of stands out. How do you see artificial intelligence? I was just talking about machine intelligence. How do you see that impacting the design space? You guys trying to infuse AI into your product development? What can you tell me? Absolutely. We are using AI for some things, including some of these very low-cost instruments that will hopefully help us diagnose certain diseases, especially diseases that are very prevalent in the third world. And some of those diagnostics are these days done by these armies of technicians that are trained to look under the microscope, but that's a very slow process. It's very error-prone and having machine learning systems that can do the same diagnosis faster and cheaper and also little machines that can be taken to very remote places to these villages that have no access to a fancy microscope to look at a sample from a patient. That's very powerful. And we don't do this, but I have read quite a bit about how certain places are using artificial intelligence to actually help them optimize designs for parts. So you get these very interesting looking parts that you would have never thought of, a person would have never thought of, but that are incredibly light and curly or strong and I have all sorts of properties that are very interesting thanks to artificial intelligence and machine learning in particular. Yeah, another advantage you get when your work is in the cloud, I've seen, I mean, there's just so many applications that so if the radiology scan is in the cloud and the radiologist goes to bed at night, radiologists could come in in the morning and say, oh, the machine while you were sleeping was using artificial intelligence to scan these 40,000 images. And here's the five that we picked out that we think you should take a closer look at. Or like Rafael said, I can design my part, my mount or bracket or whatever and go to sleep and then I wake up in the morning and the machine has improved it for me, has made it strider, strider, stronger and lighter. And so just when your work is in the cloud, that's just a really cool advantage that you get, that you can have machines doing some of your design work for you. Yeah, we've been watching this week, this month I guess is AWS reinvent and it's just amazing to see how much effort is coming around machine learning, machine intelligence. Amazon has SageMaker, Google's got embedded ML and BigQuery, certainly Microsoft with Azure is doing tons of stuff in machine learning. I think the point there is that these things will be infused into R&D and into software product by the vendor community and you all will apply that to your business and build value through the unique data that you're collecting in your ecosystems. And that's how you add value. You don't have to be necessarily developers of artificial intelligence but you have to be practitioners to apply that. Does that make sense to you Phillip? Yeah, absolutely. And I think your point about value is really well chosen. We see AI involved from the physics simulations all the way up to interpreting radiation data. And that's where the value question I think is really important because it's, is the output of the AI giving helpful information to the people that need to be looking at it? So if it's curating a series of radiation alerts saying, hey, like these are the anomalies you need to look at, is it doing that in a way that's going to help a good response? And in some cases the AI is only as good as the people that sort of gave it a direction and turn it loose and you want to make sure that you don't have biases or things like that underlying your AI that are going to result in less than helpful outcomes coming from it. So we spend quite a lot of time thinking about how do we provide the right outcomes to people who are relying on our systems? I mean, that's a great point, right? Humans are biased and humans build models. So models are inherently biased, but then the software is hitting the market that's going to help us identify those biases and help us, you know, of course, correct. So we're entering some very exciting times. Guys, great conversation. I can't thank you enough for spending the time with us and sharing with our audience the innovations that you're bringing to help the world. So thanks again. Thank you so much. Okay, welcome. Okay, when we come back, John McElaney is going to join me. He's an on-shape co-founder and he's currently the VP of strategy at PTC. He's going to join the program. We're going to take a look at what's next in product innovation. I'm Dave Vellante and you're watching Innovation for Good on theCUBE, the global leader of digital technology event coverage. We'll be right back.


The Equitable Life Assurance Society presents This is your FBI This is your FBI the official broadcast from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation presented as a public service by the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and the Equitable Society's representative in your community. Are you this kind of a person?  If that's a true picture of you, then we of the Equitable Life Assurance Society would like to make a very simple suggestion. See your Equitable Society representative without delay. Ask him to fix you up with a lifelong vacation from worries about your family's financial future.  Tonight's FBI file, the Benevolent High Jacker. Throughout the nation in every corner of every state, wherever there's a patch of sand and a body of water or a cluster of trees, citizens who have worked hard all year are taking their well-earned vacations. For this short period, they are in temporary retirement from their places of business. But in at least one field of endeavor, there is no holiday season. No vacation period when work is forgotten. And that field is crime. The criminal is busy stealing, cheating, killing 52 weeks a year. That is why every law enforcement agency, like your FBI, is at work every day and every night. Only in that way can any progress be made against the crime wave and against the army of criminals. The night's FBI file opens in an apartment in a smart residential section of a large eastern city. The young man is sitting in the living room of this suite. He gazes admiringly at the oil paintings that line the wall. The door opens and a middle-aged man enters. Hi, Bob. Oh, hello there, Uncle Ed. I'm sorry to keep you waiting, kid. Oh, that's all right. Just a second. I'll take a look at my mail here. Surely. I was just admiring your apartment. Oh, yeah, that's right. You've never been to this one, have you? No. It's not a bad scatter. I like your taste in paintings. Oh, I have a guy who buys them for me. Oldies, you know. Oh, that one there isn't old. Hmm? Older girl? Yeah. She's lovely. Who is she? A very personal friend, kid. Leon. Okay, I'm sorry. Well, let's hear about you. I haven't seen you for a few weeks. Oh, I'm getting along all right, Uncle Ed. How long has it now since you graduated? A little over two months. How do you like working for me? That's fine. Are you sure that doing all kinds of little odd jobs isn't beneath your dignity as a college man? Of course not.  Uncle Ed, I like the work. And what's more, I want to stay in it. Well, now that's what I was hoping you'd say. Oh, what are the reports on me then? Oh, okay, okay. In fact, that's why I sent for you today. I've got you lined up for a promotion. Hey, that's wonderful. What is it? I'm sending you out tomorrow night with two other boys. A hijack of truck. Pardon me. What? This is Mr. Shelby's car, isn't it? Oh, yes. He called for it. He didn't. I did. I'm Miss Jackson. Yes, I recognized you. Have we met? Well, no, but I've seen your portrait in my uncle's living room. Oh, you're Ed's nephew, Bob Norwood. That's right. I've heard an awful lot about you. It's nice to see you. It's nice to see you, Miss Jackson. Can I drive you someplace? Where's your uncle's chauffeur? Oh, you went to the ball game. I told him I'd stand by and take any calls. Now, where to, Miss Jackson? I'd like to go to my hairdresser. All right, hop in. Thanks. Where is your hairdresser? 12th and Main. I've seen you before. Really? Where? Well, I... Your uncle took me to a football game last fall. I saw you play. And you still talk to me? You weren't bad. Now, you got the numbers mixed. It's kind of a switch for you, isn't it? What do you mean? Working for your uncle. Maybe, but I like it, fine. How long have you been with him? Almost eight months. He said you're doing a real good job. Look, do me a favor, huh? What? Well, I'm a very dull topic. Let's talk about you. That would be really dull. Not to me. Look, I've got an idea. Why don't you skip the hairdresser? Oh, but I have an appointment. Well, cancel it. It's a beautiful day. Let's head for the country. What do you say? Well... Come on. Okay. In another section of the city, at an FBI field office, Special Agent Jim Taylor is just approaching a fellow agent's desk. Oh, Kyle. He asked you. Have you talked to Mr. Price? He asked just a few minutes ago. He told me that we've both been assigned to the same case. That's right. I've already been out doing some preliminary work on it. I just left police headquarters. Well, suppose you fill me in, Jim. Okay. Well, as you know, a truck was hijacked early this morning. Yeah. It was traveling the interstate. That's what brought us into the case. And where was this? Out on Route 17. Two men slugged the driver just as he left an all-night diner. They took his keys and drove the truck away. Was the driver badly hurt? Yeah, he's in the hospital. Could he identify either of the men? No one has talked to him, Carl. He's still unconscious. Are there any clues on the thing at all, Jim? No, not a one. I'm hoping the driver can help us when he comes to. Well, what were you doing at police headquarters? Oh, they reported the case to us and asked me to drop over there. I see. They've been trying to solve a series of hijackings that have happened in the past few months. They were local jobs, but the pattern of operation is exactly the same as the one employed in the case that we're working on. Sounds like the work of a professional gang. Yeah, I can't say it does. Incidentally, in one of the cases the police were working on, the truck driver was killed. Well... So we'll work right along with the police on this thing. That should be a help. Jim, what's our next procedure on this case? Well, I think we should go over to the hospital to check on that injured driver. See if he's well enough to talk. Hello, Laura. Sorry, I'm late. Honey, it's not the first time. Where are we going, Bob? Oh, someplace I thought up all by myself. Like where? Around the park, in that handsome cab. Wonderful. Come on. Okay, I haven't done this in years. Oh, you don't know what you've missed. Oh, there's your other customer, driver. Shall we just hop in? Right. Here, let me help you in, honey. Give me your hand. All right.  Give me your hand. All right. There we go. There we are. Okay, driver, let's go. Go on, Ellie. Well, how is it? Pretty collegiate, but I like it. Good. And no one will feel. Are you still worried about that? You should be too. Don't forget, honey. He's your uncle. I know. He put me through college, gave me my start, and I should be properly grateful. You should. Bob, there's one thing that's always puzzled me. What? After spending all that time on a college education, why did you turn to last night? Well, it doesn't mean being smart, though. Sure. But there's so many other things you could have done. Well, they take too long. I want a quick money business. That's why I work for Uncle Ed. Honey, do you realize that if I maneuver correctly, I can have enough money to retire at 30? Is that all you want? That and one other thing. Why? You? Sorry, honey, I'm not available. Now, wait a minute. Why have you dated me so much these past three months? Because I liked you. So? Why aren't you available? Your Uncle Ed's been very nice to me, Bob. I like to be just as nice. Not as long as you just work for Uncle Ed. Oh. So, honey boy, let's forget about us. Did you get to be 30? Yes, Jim. The police have found the truck. The one that was hijacked? Where was it? At the bottom of the river. Yeah, I'll give you the whole story, Carl. A patrolman saw a man drive a truck off the end of a pier early this morning. I couldn't save the truck, but he did arrest the driver and he notified headquarters, so a diving crew went on the job. I see. Their description of the truck proved it to be the same one that was hijacked. Have you questioned the driver? Yes, but he wouldn't talk. The police are still grilling him. And does he look important? No, I'd say we're just a stooge. You'd been ordered to get rid of the truck. Incidentally, none of the trucks ever turned up in any of the previous hijackings. This must be the way they disposed of them. Yes. And Carl, there's another factor in this. What's that? This was a white truck. Now, that's pretty conspicuous. I don't think they would have dared to have driven it very far before getting rid of it. That's true. Now, there's a warehouse district near there. I think we should get a map, section it off, and do a systematic check of all warehouses and that vicinity. Did someone just come in? It's me, Uncle Ed. Bob. Where have you been, Bob? Why? I've been looking all over for you. What for? Well, we got trouble.  Oh, what happened? Well, he was getting rid of that last truck, a cop's on. They got him at headquarters now. Which driver? Willie. Well, he's pretty solid. They're all solid till the pressure's on. You think he'll talk? I don't know. I don't know. But I can't take any chances. Well, that's true. What are you going to do? I'll get over to the warehouse and move the stuff out. Take it to our west side building. Then, if he does blow a whistle, the cops won't find a thing. Uncle Ed. If you don't mind my saying so, that's not the way I do it. No? Well, what's your idea? Well, I'd move this stuff and then get out of town.  Well, what would I do with the business? Well, you've been giving me a pretty thorough training.  Well, just till you get back. No. No, that don't sound right, kid. Don't you trust me? Oh, that ain't the point. That ain't the point. I don't like walking out on things. I've been in tougher spots than this. Well, then you're going to do it your way and go to the warehouse? Yes. Yes, I'm getting over there right now. Just a minute. Hello, honey. Bob, what are you doing here? Paying a social call. Darling, I told you never to come here.  Well, aren't you going to ask me in? Okay, just this once. Thanks. Well, this place really fits you. What do you mean? Duplex living room. White leather chair. It's very plushy. I'm glad you approve. Well, now what kind of a hostess are you anyway? What about a drink? Okay. But Bob, I'm going to warn you now. You can't stay long. Why not? Your uncle Ed is due here at eight o'clock. Honey, I don't think he'll show up. Why? Well, he's got trouble. One of his drivers was picked up by the police. He's being questioned now. Well, that's bad. What's Ed going to do? Well, I tried to advise him to go away. Go away? Just temporarily, till the trouble was over. Wait a minute. That isn't what you had in mind. What do you mean? You tried to get him to go away so you could take over. Darling, yes, I can. I bet it didn't work. No, truthfully it didn't. But I think I win anyway. How? He went to the warehouse near where the driver was picked up. He intended to move out the stuff that was in there. So? So I called the police and told them that he was there. Bob. That shock shock? Yes. Well, I was just following Uncle Ed's advice.  Now, I have you. We will return in just a moment to tonight's case from the files of your FBI. Don. Do you think you'd know a professional worrylifter if you saw one? Did you say professional worrylifter? That's right. And when old man worry is darkening your life, a professional worrylifter is a mighty good man to know. You'll get more from him than sympathy and good advice. You'll find he actually does something about throwing old man worry for a loss. Okay, lead me to it. Well, he's never hard to find. He's your equitable society representative. If you have fears about your family's future, your equitable society representative is always ready to pitch in and do a thorough going job of worrylifting, which will even include readjustment income. What kind of income is that? The Equitable Society's readjustment income plan provides extra income for the widow during the two toughest years, the two years immediately following her husband's death, years in which she is adjusting the family way of life to a lowered income. You know, expenses can't be reduced overnight. It takes time. And that's why every life insurance program should provide readjustment income for extra help during the two toughest years. You know, you may have something there. Does this readjustment income run into a lot of money? Why, it may not cost you a cent. It may require only a simple rearranging of your present life insurance program. In any event, the man to see is your professional worrylifter, your equitable society representative. Look in the phone book for the Equitable Life Assurance Society. That's E-Q-U-I-T-A-B-L-E. Or send a postcard care of this station to the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. And now back to the FBI file, The Benevolent Hijacker. The sociologists have been making studies of the criminal for many years in a sincere effort to find out what makes one man a criminal and allows another man to become the respected member of the community. As yet, they have not arrived at the final and conclusive answer to that question. It has been shown that environment is very important. And yet, bank presidents have come from the slums. It has also been shown that a lack of education was at least partially responsible for some men turning to crime. And yet, as can be seen from tonight's case from the files of your FBI, formal education is not the complete answer either. This man, with the benefits of a college education and an unlimited allowance, still turned to crime and ended by betraying his benefactor. Tonight's file continues at the FBI field office. Special Agent Jim Taylor is seated at his desk. Jim, I didn't think you'd still be here. I've been waiting for you, Carl. Without having dinner? Something developing the hijacking? Yes. The head man has been arrested. I seem to miss out on everything. How did this happen? The phone call was received at police headquarters late this afternoon. They were given an address down on River Street. Told to go there and pick up the man responsible for the recent hijackings as well as a goodly portion of the loot. And the tip really paid off? That's right. Well, that was a break. Who is this man? His name is Ed Shelby. He has a long criminal record. And where is he now? The police have booked him. He's in city jail. Did he admit to the hijacking? No, no. He wouldn't talk. But he doesn't have to with sufficient evidence in the warehouse to indict him. And the place was leased in his name. There must have been a number of men employed in his operation. Were any of them picked up? Two of them. I believe the police are trying to get a line on the others now. How about our jurisdiction on this? Will he be liable to federal prosecution? All of the DA will work that out with the United States Attorney. But I have a feeling the state will try him first. Why? Well, there's a murder charge against him from one of those early hijackings. Oh, yes, of course. Well, Carl, now that this one is over, I think we ought to get to work and write up our report. Yes, Laura? What are you doing? I'm just making a few notes. About what? Procedure. How I'm going to handle things now that I'm in charge. Oh. One question, huh? What's there left for you to be in charge of? Are you kidding? No. Police have knocked off that in the warehouse and may undoubtedly pick up some of the boys. I've taken all that into consideration. There's still plenty left. Like what? Well, like the second warehouse over on the west side. It's full of loot. There'll be enough boys that weren't picked up to keep us in business. Do you think that'll work for you? Yes. Just because you're Ed's nephew? No, because I'm moving in fast. Uncle Ed always said that's what you should do if you want to take over. Oh. That's just how I'm going to work, honey. I'm going to round up the boys now. I'll see you later. Special Agent Taylor. Hello, Jim. This is Carl Spencer. Oh, yes, Carl. Once I'm getting a chance to give you some news. What is it? Ed Shelby's broken out of jail. What? When was this? About an hour ago. How did it happen? He asked for permission to see the prison doctor. He was allowed to go to the doctor's office unascorted. On route there, he shined up a pipe to a window about 10 feet up, unlocked it, and jumped out. Just like the Raymond Street jailbreak in New York last winter. Any trace of him? No. He just disappeared. I assume the police have already sent out an alarm. Yes, they have. Have they knowledge of where he lived? Who his friends were? I have his address, Jim. They're working on who his friends were now. Where does he live? The apartment house on Maple Road. You got the number? 728. 728. Maple Road. That's right. A policeman over there? Yeah. So far, he hasn't shown up. I don't imagine he will. Not there. But I think we should search the place Carl might give us some lead and where he could be found. I'll pick up a search warrant and meet you over there. Just a minute. Hello, honey. Come in, Bob. Thanks. Well, everything worked fine. Make me a drink, honey, and I'll tell you all about it. Sure. You know, I owe a great deal of thanks to Uncle Ed. How's that? Oh, he taught me well. I used his technique today and it worked like a charm. His boys were delighted to come over with me. Do you want soda? Please. Here you are. Aren't you drinking? Not right now. No. A toast to Uncle Ed. Thanks, kid. Thanks for the toast. Uncle Ed. What are you doing here? Oh, Laura's an old friend of mine. I mean, I thought you were in jail. I was. How did you get out? Busted out. Oh. Well, congratulations. Stop the con, kid. I know everything that's happened. What do you mean? I've just been having a nice long talk with Laura. She gave me the full rundown. Laura, you told her? Yeah. You see, kid, there's a couple of lessons I didn't give you. The first one is never trust a dame. They always play the winner. I see what you mean. The second one is even more important. Don't ever double-cross anyone. Especially your uncle. Uncle Ed, try any tricks, kid. I've got a gun right here. And you know I'm the guy who can use it. Yeah. Okay, but... What happens now? Well, to tell you the truth, I really came here on business. Finding out about you just happened on the side. What kind of business? I've got to blow town. I need money. Laura, you're getting it for me. How? There's plenty of cash in that safe deposit box. Either one of us can sign for it, remember? Yeah. I want you to go over there and empty it. I'll call one of the boys to escort you there and back. Just to keep you in line. In the living room, Carl? No. I just went through all Shelby's bedroom. Oh, you find anything that might be a lead? No, nothing. He's a pretty smart operator. I just looked all through his desk and there's no personal papers in it at all. How about an address book? No. No sign of one. I called the police headquarters when I was in the bedroom. No, any developments? No. I may have been working on Shelby's personal life. They learned that he had a nephew who worked for him. Oh, they think this nephew might be hiding him out? Not at his own place. He lives in a hotel room. The police went to his hotel. He was out. I see. They also learned that Shelby has a girl. Who is she? Where does she live? I haven't found that out yet. That could be a very important lead, Carl. It'd be very logical for him to seek shelter with her. Yeah. They should be something around here to tell us something. No. Wait a minute. Look, this is just a wild stab, Carl. But take a look at all those paintings on the living room wall. Yeah? Only one of them looks contemporary. There, that one. Portrait of that girl, see? Oh, that's right. Say, it's just barely possible. I know. That's what I'm thinking, Carl. Look, there's the artist's signature in the right-hand corner. Let's get in touch with him at once. Where are you going, kid? I just wanted to get a cigarette. Well, remember, I still have the gun. I know. Go ahead. Throw me one, too. Here. Thanks. You know something, Bob? You're not a bad kid. You just made your move at the wrong time. I'm glad you're that understanding. Why shouldn't I be?  What happens when Laura comes back? Oh, I take the money and blow. Where to? South America. Do you think you'll get that far? Sure, why not? After all, you broke out of jail. Every cop in town will be looking for you. I can handle that. Do you plan to take Laura with you? What for? In South America, dames like her grow in bunches, on trees. They're going to leave her for me, then. Well, not exactly. You see, kid, you're not going to be around. Oh, so that's it. A present from my uncle.  I couldn't. It's like I told you.  Yeah, I know. I got a much cleaner way all figured out. Like what? I'll let Laura do it. She wouldn't. You couldn't make her? Yes, I can. I'll hold the gun. She'll pull the trigger. There she is. Stay right where you are. She's got her key. Laura? Yes, Ed? Well, how'd you make out? Okay, I cleaned out the box. Well, come on in. Close the door. She can't, Shelby. I'll take that gun and let you grab it. Got it, Jim? All right, Carl, call the police. Tell them we have their fugitive. Shelby was turned over to state authorities, convicted and sentenced to be executed for murder. His nephew, Bob, was convicted in the federal court for theft from an interstate shipment and sentenced to 20 years. For her complicity, Laura Jackson was convicted on the same charges and sentenced to five years in a federal penitentiary. The night's case was brought to a successful close because a special agent of your FBI was able to recognize that one portrait in a room full of paintings was a recent work. A visit to the painter produced the address of the subject, and there, as you have seen, the arrests were made. Arrests which led to removal of these criminals to a place where they could no longer be a menace to the safety of you or any other American citizen. In just a moment, we will tell you about next week's exciting case from the files of your FBI. Mr. Keating, Mary has been a mighty good wife to me. I've been thinking that the least I could do would be to fix her up with one of those equitable society readjustment income plans you were telling us about. Right, Don. One of the finest things any husband can do for his wife is to provide her with that extra income during the two tough years. She might need that extra cash to give her time to adjust her expenses to a new standard of living. I won't even tell her about it until I can show it to her in black and white. That'll be a grand surprise, Don. Get in touch with your equitable society representative without delay. Let him show you how little it costs to provide your wife with equitable readjustment income. Call your equitable representative soon or send a postcard care of this station to the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. Next week, we will bring you another colorful story from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The uninvited partner. The incidents used in tonight's Equitable Life Assurance Society's broadcast are adapted from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. However, all names used are fictitious and any similarity thereof to the names of persons living or dead is accidental. Tonight, the music was composed and conducted by Frederick Steiner. Your narrator was Dean Carlton and Special Agent Taylor was played by Stacey Harris. This is your FBI is a Jerry Divine production. This is Larry Keating speaking for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and the Equitable Society's representative in your community and inviting you to tune in again next week at this same time when the Equitable Life Assurance Society will bring you another thrilling story from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The uninvited partner on this is your FBI. This is ABC, the American Broadcasting Company.


I'm here at the ITU studio in Geneva and I'm very pleased to be joined by Dr. Hamid and Toure, who is Secretary-General of the International Telecommunication Union, the ITU. Dr. Toure, thank you very much for being with us today. Thank you. I'd like to start off by asking you about ITU Telecom World 2012, the event coming up in Dubai. And I'd just like to ask you, really, why is an event like ITU Telecom World important? Events such as ITU Telecom World 2012 are vital as platforms for the collaboration, cooperation, and creative thinking that drive solutions to the challenges of the world today. Drawing on the reach of the ITU as the United Nations lead agency for ICT issues enables ITU Telecom to assemble an audience of participants like no other heads of states, ministers, regulators, heads of international organizations, and digital think tanks, industry CEOs, and leaders. The entire ICT ecosystem will be here. All will come, meet, debate, and share ideas on how to move the industry forward. It is this mix of public and private sector of thought leaders, policymakers, and brilliant business minds from throughout the world that creates a unique forum for openness, networking, dialogue, and interaction. World 2012 is a microcosm of the international cross-sector collaboration that is so important to drive innovative solutions to the socioeconomic challenges the world is facing today. And what is the main focus of ITU Telecom World 2012? The clear focus of ITU Telecom World 2012 is on understanding the nature of the transformation the ICT industry is currently undergoing and the implications of the transformation for both the industry itself and the wider world in which we live today. After decades of dramatic development, the ICT sector is now being revolutionized by a series of fundamental trends or game-changers which are altering the rules of the game, introducing new players, new challenges, and new opportunities, appreciating the impact of this transformation, how and what is changing within the industry, the new business models, revenue streams, and application opening up. This is critical to success not only within the ICT sector but across all sectors which rely on ICT infrastructure. And I believe that ITU Telecom World 2012 is a platform to achieve this awareness. You mentioned game-changers. What are the most significant game-changers driving the transformation of the industry? That's a very important question. The most significant game-changers currently impacting upon the industry include global megatrends such as ageing population, the shift in economic power from west to east, the ongoing impact of climate change and urbanization. Second, new technologies offering greater transformation, greater performance and power, and new fields of applications including machine-to-machine communications, M2M, the Internet of Things, or cloud computing. The third is industry dynamics as new players emerge across the ICT ecosystem, altering new revenue streams, business models, operation and delivery mechanisms. These fundamental trends have disrupted and continue to disrupt the entire ICT industry and beyond, bringing enormous potential for human development and considerable challenges too. Perhaps you give some examples of the key opportunities or challenges arising from the industry's transformation. Opportunities and challenges are in many cases two sides of the same phenomenon. For example, the increasing threats to our cybersecurity at personal, corporate, national or international levels create a challenge of which we must all be aware as we continue to rely increasingly on ICT across all sectors of our interconnected global world, so too does the danger of cyber criminality growth. And here is the opportunity, by coming together nationally, regionally or internationally, by cooperating on a scale as global as the threats we face, the frontier-less world will be able to make a win-win situation where all members will come together. E-Health also is an excellent example of the power of the new connectivity to drive social and economic development, as never before across emerging and developed markets alike. From sophisticated monitoring of non-communicable diseases in the home, to delivering healthcare to underserved and remote communities around the world, the opportunities are tremendous, but E-Health also presents challenges, such as data confidentiality, interoperability and standardisation to bring about economies of scale. And finally, I'd like to ask you, Dr. Torrey, what key message would you like to deliver at ITU Telecom World 2012, and what would you hope to be the outcome from the event? Well, our main message at ITU Telecom World 2012 is that the ICT industry is in the throes of a massive disruption that is changing the rules completely. It is vital that we become aware of this change and its implications both across all sectors of the ICT industry itself and across all the other sectors relying on ICT infrastructure, including government, education, health, transport and finance. We need to ensure that this disruption does not threaten the open, fair and equitable access to communication technologies, which the industry, together with ITU, have strived to ensure, we need to ensure that all of the world's citizens are able to benefit from the tremendous transformative power of next generation networks. Dr. Torrey, thank you very much and Dave Bingman today. Thank you.