Any questions you want me to go over now? It's your chance to ask. 3b, find the number of terms in each sequence. Okay, so here's a nice twist. They want us to find n. So I'm going to use this, Megan. Where it looks like the nth term is negative 1. It looks like a is 512. It looks like r is negative a half. Is that right? To the n minus 1. Where is the n sitting? An exponent. Oh, I'm not going to take the log of both sides yet. We said you always wanted to get the exponent by itself first. Remember that half-life question? We did that all the time too. In fact, I think in half-life we also call this a0. Anyways, almost the same idea. I'm going to solve this equation. Negative 1 over 512 equals negative 1 half to the n minus 1. Did you get an error when you tried to solve this? Okay, we may run into a negative issue. Because you can't just log a negative. Yeah. Now, we can say this. If this thing works out to an odd number, like if n is 10, n minus 9, if n is 12, n minus 9, 12 minus 11, you'll have a negative divided by a negative, which is a what? Positive. We can probably ignore the negatives. You tried taking the log of both sides and your calculator when you went log of negative 1 over 512 gave you an error. Yes, I just noticed that now and I went, oh, by the way, if this was a multiple-choice question, would you solve it this way or would you just try plugging in all four answers into there? We'll make sure we're clever because it is often a multiple-choice question. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to say this is a negative divided by a negative as long as this is odd. And you know what?  I'm going to assume that the negatives will cancel. If I do that, can you take it from there? Good. So I'm going to solve 1 over 512 equals 1 half to the m minus 1. Take the log of both sides, divide by log of a half, plus 1 and is 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 512. I think n is going to be 10 because I want a 9 up there if I've done my counting exponents right. It's a two-times table. That one I got memorized. Is that okay? Good for bringing that up. I've forgotten that obscure one.  I doubt I did on my test. I don't think I did. That's a curve ball within a curve ball. I don't like those. Any others? So let me just say I like number eight, for example. I like number nine, this whole algebraic one, where they give you three terms with x's. And you've got to then figure out what r is by cross-multiplying and letting them equal to each other. And it's a quadratic. I get two answers. My little heart goes pitter-patter. And people get number 11. First of all, I'm going to give you a hint. It is geometric. The real question is what's r? How can I always find r? Yeah. Sorry? The answer D? Really? Mr. Dewick, is it? Let's see. Any term divided by the one in front of it. So log of x squared divided by log x. Move that to the front. And you get the logs cancel. Yay! And you get two. Oh, you know what? It is not a geometric one. I stand corrected. You're right, Megan. Because in the first term, r is two. And the second term, r is three. They do love to throw a logarithmic r in there, though. Trust me. Well, then let's move on. Turn to lesson two. Kim, all we're going to ask ourselves today is the following. What if instead of listing each term separated by commas, what if instead of commas, I want to put plus signs and add them up along the way? Is there a shortcut? And the answer is, yeah. Absolutely. So a series. If you take a sequence separated by commas, an amrit, instead of separating them by commas, you say add them up along the way. Okay? That's a series. A sequence separated by commas. A series, add them up. We're not going to ask you to remember which one is which, but we will use that terminology. So you need to recognize it when you see it. And there is a formula. And there is a lovely, lovely, lovely proof. But in the interest of time, I'm going to cut corners and I'm going to say, here is the formula. I'm going to do a box around this and I'm going to explain what everything means. First of all, Adam, is this on the formula sheet? Okay. Here's what it means. The letter s stands for the sum of. So s6 would mean the sum of the first six terms. What would s8 mean? The sum of the first eight terms. What would f infinity mean? We're actually going to look at that. We're going to say, sometimes you can add an infinite number of terms. Next lesson. Jan, you answered this already. What does a mean do you think? Yeah, still is. And what's r? What's r? I may call it the common ratio, because that's the fancy-schmancy term. And I want you to get used to seeing it, because they'll always write it that way. Yeah, the ratio.  The number of terms. So in other words, even though this formula looks ugly and Nicole, you'll have to memorize it. We've seen everything but the s. Sorry, I had a sneeze waiting there. There is a second version of this formula. But, Tally, I use this formula here. Oh, by the way, why does it say r can't be one? If r was one, what would you have in the denominator? Zero. But also, if you were multiplying by one, would the numbers change at all? Or would it just be the same number over and over? Yeah, it's technically not a geometric sequence. It's boring. Forget it. There's a second version of this, Jan. I'll use this first one if I know these, or I know three of these, and I need to find the fourth one. Sometimes, instead of knowing n, instead, I'll know the last term. That's why there's a little letter l there. Now, I think on your actual formula sheet, they do a cursive like a loopy l instead of a straight vertical weird one like this. But this is also on your formula sheet, and it says, oh, by the way, if you don't know how many terms there are, you can still add them up if you know the last term. It's the first term minus r times the last term divided by one minus r. You know what? It's much easier just to start using this, but you absolutely want to get your calculators out because nobody tries to do these in their head. Not even me. Example one. It says, determine the sum of the first seven terms in that sequence. Do I know the last term, or do I know how many terms? I know how many terms. I'm using the first one. Let's do our little physics defect approach. We're going to list some data here. So Nick, what's that more specific in this? I don't know.  Trust on example one. Thank you. I know you're zoning out. Bring it your back. Okay. Flipping pages. Uh-huh. Good recovery. Almost smooth. Hey, let's keep going.  What's R? Can you tell me? Times by negative two, right? What's N? How many terms are we talking about? A bit trickier, Nick, because they wrote it instead of writing the number. But how many terms are we talking about? Seven. Are you really going to Vitaly for advice there? Because if you are, I mean, that's a pretty dry well to be dipping a bucket of water into. I'm just going to say that, okay? And even the water that does come out of it. Oh, yeah, be a little. What do they want us to find then? They want us to determine the what? You know what? They want us to find S7. And even though the formula is right at the top of the page, I think it's worth writing it out at least once so you can see how it all fits together. S7 equals A bracket one minus R to the M all over one minus R. The sum of the first seven terms without having to bother adding them up by hand is going to be equal to A, three bracket one minus negative two in brackets to the M, seven close bracket all divided by one minus negative two. I strongly encourage all of you to try this on your calculator right now because I found from prior experience, Evan, the mistakes are not math. They're calculator based. How would I type this in? I think I'd put brackets around the entire top. So I'm going to go like this. Bracket negative three bracket one minus bracket negative two close off the negative two to the power of seven close off this bracket close off the top divided by how many terms do I have in the denominator? Now I could go one minus minus two which is three but just in case it wasn't one that I could do in my head I would go bracket one minus negative two or if I was doing the same question over and over I knew they just wanted me to change one number at a time then you type everything and go second function enter and just change whatever they want you to change. What do you get? I think the answer is negative 129. Not a bad shortcut. Okay. Don't clear your calculator. You probably already did. Ah. Example two. Which formula am I going to use for example two? Did they tell me in example two how many terms there are? No. Did they tell me the last term? I'm going to use this one. S equals and this one I don't have memorized. There it is. A minus R and I always write L for last term as a cursive L instead of a printed L because what number does a printed L look like? A one and I don't want to think it's a one accidentally all divided by one minus R. Let's see Amy if we can go straight to plugging in numbers without making a list. Amy what's A according to this question here? Yep. Minus. What's R? You're right. I think say it louder. How can you always find it? Take any term and do what? Divided by one in front of it. I hope you went that divided by that. Not that divided by that. You get the same answer but I'll pick the easier ones. Right? So negative three. What's L stands for? L stands for last term. Which is negative 8748. All divided by one minus negative three. And again I'll write this. Amy what is one minus negative three in the bottom really? What's a minus minus the same as? Yeah okay so if you want to what could you type as a shortcut? Four. I'm fine with that. It's just sometimes the math will be yucky enough that you can't do it in your head but yeah I'm going to put a four there. Amy how many numbers do I have on top? More than one? Better put brackets. Okay for me to type this it's going to be Amrit Bracket. Four minus, are there any exponents here? Then I can probably survive without the remaining brackets. Negative three times negative 8748 closed bracket divided by four. And I get negative 6,560. Yes? No? People nodding? By the way, Jim in this equation here there is one two three four, sorry one two three four different variables. If I give you any three I expect to be able to find the missing one and same with this equation here. If I give you any three of those I expect to be able to find the fourth one. Do a bit of equation solving. Example three, turn the page if you haven't already. The sum of a certain number of terms in this series is that. What is the last term that would make this series add up to that? What's this question asking me to find? L. So I'm going to write down L equals question mark, which right away commits me to a certain equation. This one S equals A minus RL all over one minus R. That was from memory. Am I right? Woohoo I am. In physics I'd probably get the L by itself first. You know what? I'm going to be pragmatic and just start sticking in numbers. Because it's going to end up being cross-multiplying I think. Read this question very carefully. What's S the sum? Not a negative 104,0858. It says the sum is that. And then it says we'll make it add up to that. So it adds up to negative 104,858 equals. I guess that means they must have told me A did they? What? Negative two minus. They must have told me or I can figure out R negative four. L is what I'm trying to find all divided by one minus negative four. I'll be honest. You know what I would probably do right now? I would probably with my pencil cross that out. And instead of a one minus minus four what's a nicer thing to write there? Five. I would do that. How can I solve this equation? Please God let them remember. Please God let them remember. Please God let them remember. Matthew please God let them remember. You know what? I think I can cross-multiply. One times that equals five times that. Negative two minus negative four L equals five times that. Five times negative 104,858. Negative five, two, four, two, ninety. By the way, what's a minus minus the same as? How would I get the L by itself? Plus two and then divide by, I think that I can do in one step. Plus two, divide by four. And I'm kind of hoping it works out evenly. Hey, it does. The last term is negative 131072. Is that okay? Oh, it gets better Nikol. For example, four in a geometric sequence, the fifth term is 1024. And the common ratio is four. Find the sum of the first seven terms of this sequence series. Hmm. Well, I think they want me to find S seven. Did they tell me the last term? Did they tell me term seven? Nicole just shook her head. So that means we're going to use the sum equation without the L in it. A bracket one minus R to the M all over one minus R. Do I know R? Check. Four. Do I know N? How many terms they want me to add up? No, nothing. Seven. Do I know A? Megan, you know this question is really asking me to find. Really, it's asking me to find A. What piece of information haven't I used yet? The fifth term is equal to what? 1024. I'm going to leave a space over here.  And I'm going to write down for a single term, TN equals AR to the M minus one from last day. Term five is equal to A times four to the fourth. Five minus one. But I know what term five is according to this question. What is term five? What's the fifth term? 1024 equals A times four to the fourth. Divided by itself. Divided by what? Four to the fourth, did you say? That's a four to the fourth. R is four. And then N was five. What's five take away one? Four. Four to the fourth. You know what? A is going to be 1024 divided by four to the fourth. You know what the first term was? Four. It says many goals every other swing. Here we go. What's A? Four. Bracket one minus what was R? Also four to the N. Now here N is seven all over one minus four. By the way, instead of typing one minus four in my calculator, what is one minus four in the denominator there? I'm going to type negative three. What do you get? What is the sum of the first seven terms of this particular sequence given the information that they gave me? And yes, this time I'm not doing it on my calculator, so you have to try it yourself because it's important that you figure out how your calculators work. Freeze the screen. That's a good idea. Now I can try this myself. Do you have an answer in the 20,000s? Do you get that? 21,844? Or does Matt would say 2184Y? Sorry. Chief Joe. Is that right? Yes? Okay. I take that. Get the whole top in brackets. And I said there's also a bracket around the one minus four to the seven. And then I did the one minus four in the bottom. I just typed in negative three because that much math I can do in my head. And since there's only one number in the bottom. No luck. Don't clear. Applications. Now I have to be honest. Example five, the physics teacher in me hates this question. I love this question. Unfortunately, the provincial exam loves this question. In fact, this is probably on five out of every six exams. So I'm going to cover it. And in fact, I hate it not enough to not put it on your test. It's going to be on your test. A bouncing ball question. So here's what this one is saying. A ball is dropped from the top of a building 100 meters above a paved road. Each bounce, the ball reaches a vertical height that is three quarters the previous vertical height. Determined the vertical height of the ball after the seventh bounce. And then the total vertical distance. We need to draw a picture. I think the ball looks like this. Bounce, bounce, bounce, bounce. And I think I can figure out the pattern from there. How high is the first height? What are we starting at? 100. How high is the next height? How high is the next height? It's three quarters of 75, which is times by three divided by four. What? Louder? I'm going to stop there because here's what I think. I think this is a sequence where A is 100 and R is, I'm going to go 0.75, three quarters, three over four. Here's one of the many reasons I don't like this question. Dina, you have to be very, very careful in your counting. Dina says determine the vertical height after the seventh bounce. I think that's term seven. I think. But I'm not positive. Let's see. Here's the height after the first bounce. What term is that? Is that the first term? What term after the first bounce? What term is this? After the second bounce, what term? Three. After the seventh bounce, what term am I asked to find? There's the first sneaky bit of wording I don't like. G, would they put term seven as one of the answers on the multiple choice of the provincial? Do you think yes? I think that's cheap. There's better ways to word it in my mind. Anyways, it's going to be A, R to the M minus one. What's A, 100? What's R, 0.75? I'm sure I, I'm sure last lesson I would have done the pirate movie joke, right? I went to go see a pirate movie the other day, but I couldn't get it because it was rated R. Okay. Really? That gets last from Vitali. Really? Okay. What's N, that number? What's N minus one, right? The eighth term, the exponent's going to be a seven. Okay. What's the height after the seventh bounce, which is actually the eighth term? 100 times 0.75 to the seventh. What's the height to the nearest tenth, 13.3? Yeah? B. What's the total vertical distance that the ball travels? And here's why this question is so tough. I have to include the distance when the ball is traveling down, but I also have to include the distance when the ball is traveling up. This is an Adam-up-some question that's total. There's several ways to do this. I think the easiest way to do this, and again, we're going to redraw this quickly. So we have one, two, three, four bounces. I think the easiest way to do this is to add up all the on-the-way downs. That's those sections where this is 100, this is 0.75. We'll use a summation equation, not 0.75, 75, but we'll use a summation equation, and this is 56.25, et cetera. Look up. I think the easiest way to do this is to add up all the yellows times that answer by two, which will give you that, that, that, and here's the problem, it'll also give you that. Oh, minus what? Okay. There's several different variations on how to do this. I think the easiest is add up all your downs times by two minus the original height. Or if I want to write this mathematically, Jen, add up, ooh, I better count. Contacts the floor for the seventh time. First time, first term. Second time, second term. Third time, third term. Do the term and the bounces match this time? Yes, they do. Dina, I want s7 times two minus 100. What's s7? Well, s7 is going to be a bracket one minus r to the m all over one minus r. Madison, what's a? 100. Bracket one minus, what's r? 0.75. What's n? 7 all over one minus 0.75. By the way, on my calculator, will I type one minus 0.75? No. What will I type instead? 0.25. I think I can do that in my head too, yeah? 100 bracket one minus 0.75 to the seventh all over 0.25.  I think s7 is 346.6064. Vitaly is holding up his arms outstretched because as far as he's concerned, the Canadian silver chance. At least his calculator came through. Yeah, I've done that yet. Do you understand what the point was though? It was to take into all this, we're nowhere near done. This, this, which is this here times 2 minus 100. So I'm just going to write down this answer first of all which was 346.6 and I'm going to plug that into there times 2 minus 100 because we counted the first height twice in our method. 593.2, get that question because the physics in there bugs me. Well later on we'll add up an infinite number of bounces.  It doesn't keep bouncing for infinity in real life. There's energy, anyways. I'll let it die. Which it would because it'd be energy loss and it would come just, well, what if you're bouncing it on a bouncy castle floor? Yeah, okay, fine. Amit, did I answer your question okay? Good, turn the page. Let's see asking me to find how many times but which variable is that? S, A, R, N, something else? Brendan, forget it. There's limits to how much I'll put up with this question. Sometimes what they'll do is they'll give you a summation equation but Evan, Brett, they've tied it up for you. Here's a great example. They're saying look, we've taken the summation equation but we've simplified, we've tied it up and in simplest form it looks like that. It says find the first four terms of the geometric series defined by that. In other words, find S1, find S2, find S3, and then over here find S4. S1 is going to be 5 bracket 3 times to the 1 minus 1. I'm just plugging the N directly into this modified, simplified equation. S2 is going to be 5 bracket 3 squared minus 1. What the heck is that? Well, I can do this first one. What's 3 to the 1? 3 minus 1 times 5. Apparently if you add up the first one terms, you get 10. Actually, I think that also means the first term is 10 because if you're only adding up one term and it's the first term, I guess the first, I guess A is also 10. Little hint, Elizabeth, A is S1 always. Handy back pocket trick. S2, Elizabeth, what's 3 squared? Minus 1 times 3. Sorry, times 5. Yo. And again, Elizabeth, I'm just using this equation here. So let's do S3 together, my child. So it's going to be plugging in N for the N. What's 3 cubed? 27, a little trick here. Minus 1 times 5. 130, I think. Yes. What's S4? That's going to be 5 bracket 3 to the 4th minus 1. 3 to the 4th is 81 minus 1 is 80 times 400. Now, here's what else I know. I can actually, from this data here, I can actually get all four of the terms. I know the first term, if you add up only one term, the first term must have been 10. Now, when I added up the first two terms, what did I get for an answer when I added up the first two terms? 40. So if the first one was 10, what must this one have been? Must have been a 30. There's my 40. Oh, and when I added up the first three terms, I got 130 as an answer.  I have 10. I have 30. I already got 40. I want to get a total of 130. I think that must have been a 90. And you know what this number must have been? This is adding up the first one term. This is adding up the first two terms. So if I know the first term is 10 and I know they add to 40, what does the second term have to be? It's got to be 30. This is adding up the first three terms. It's saying this plus this plus whatever was here gave me 130. I got 10. I got 30. That's 40. I want 130 as my total. What number would go there? 90. Actually, there's a better way. Anybody see the shortcut yet? How can I tell you right away that this is 270? Even easier than that. Even easier than that. Look up. Look up. Look up. And stop talking. Look up. If I take any sum, the fourth sum, and I subtract the third sum from it, what is 400? Take away 130. If I subtract the third sum from the second sum, that gives me the third term. It tells me what you added, what extra number you added on. Any sum subtract the one before it gives you the term at that location that you just added on. So it says find T9 without using this. The ninth term is going to be the sum of the first nine terms minus the sum of the first eight terms. It's going to be five bracket three to the ninth minus one. Take away five bracket three to the eighth minus one. It's going to be five bracket three to the ninth minus one. 98,410 minus, instead of a nine, put an eight there. 32,800. That's adding up the first eight terms. That's adding up the first nine terms. The difference between them should be the ninth term itself that you just added. Nine, eight, four, one, zero minus three, two, eight, zero, zero equals 65, six, ten. There's the ninth term. That's a handy to have in your back pocket gem that if they ever give you sums and they say find a term, any term is the sum of that number subtract the sum of everything one less than it. Can you survive without it? It shows up every so often, but probably you can survive without it. So part C here says, find an expression for TN by two different methods. Well, the first one is what we learned last day or add up the first N terms. Take away, add up the first N minus one terms. This one here, not on your formula sheet. So there it is. I won't put a big highlighter around it because sadly it's not on your formula sheet but it does come in useful. What is your homework? How about one A, E, and H will go diagonally. Number three, number four. The first term is three, they give you A. Some of the first two terms, some of the first three.  We all die, my son. 12 and 13. I didn't give you much homework on purpose because you got to test next class. Your other homework is work on the probability review assignment, which is do next class. That's the one that looks an awful lot like this bad boy here. There is a handwritten answer key online for this one here. You have the remainder of class.


That's great. Thank you. Thank you very much for talking with me. I really appreciate it. First time I've ever interviewed a president, so if I pass out, just revive me. I wanted to ask if there was any one thing that brought home to you the awesomeness of the office, like whether it was the hotline or Air Force One or the situation room or anything that made you realize power and awesomeness. I don't know whether it reminded me of awesomeness or power or something, but early on I had an experience. If you're interested, it made me aware that I ought to be a little careful about what I said or did. We were invited down to James J. Kilpatrick, Jack Kilpatrick's home down in Virginia for a Sunday lunch, and the helicopter took us off the lawn here at about 35 minutes or so. We were at his farm, landed, and in walking to the house, Jack was telling me about how they'd been there for a few days putting in the phones. Well, this was a surprise to me, and I said, wait, the phones? And then he told me that I could reach anyone in the world and so forth from there. And I said, well, you mean, you know, just to have lunch or having a hold away from the White House, they have to put, well, I guess it's true, they do, for whatever might happen. But he was telling me that he didn't believe them when they were putting in the phones that they could reach anyone in the world, and he was kind of, and they said, well, name someone. Well, he had a son who was on guard at an embassy in the military in Africa, and they got the son on the phone and his mother got to talk to him and so forth. So he had another son who was an enlisted man, a quartermaster on the USS Pratt, and he asked, well, okay, what about him? The Pratt was in the Mediterranean, and they had to say to him, no, they couldn't get him because the fleet was on maneuvers, and when the fleet was on maneuvers, only the White House could reach them. How about, well, I should ask you, how about the hotline? Well, I was going to say, well, wait a minute, he told me this, and when we got inside, I met the young man's wife, the one that was on the destroyer, very lovely young lady and hadn't seen her husband for months. I went back out and said to these fellows, is this true that I can reach someone on the USS Pratt? And they said, oh yes, sir. I said, well, get him. And I went back and got her, and she got to talk to her husband. I hadn't really thought the thing through very much until I got a letter from him, the young man, and he told me what it was like when the fleet was on maneuvers, how I hadn't even thought about that the last part of that call was got to go by air, that the air is full of radio traffic ships, talking to ships, admiral's talking to admiral's, and then a voice on the air said, White House calling. And he said, someone said, what code is that? And someone else said, well, maybe it is the White House. And he said, even Hollywood couldn't have silenced the air as quickly as that it was silenced. And so the phone call went through. And of course, it must have been pretty public with the whole fleet that was being in. And in his letter, he then said this line. He said, it was as if God had called the Vatican and asked for an altar boy by name. Oh, that's great. But it suddenly, believe me, it sobered me a little bit to discover that I could just say this and then all of this could happen. And I was almost scared to death of what I might have done to the fleet maneuvers. I wanted to ask you that. Man, you don't have to tell me anything about the hotline, huh? Is it right by your bed? Well, there are hotlines everywhere that I am. Is it red? Some but not always. The, as a matter of fact, a number of them are black phones. And it isn't just a phone that is used for emergency at all. It's used quite a bit. It's an embassy can be calling and knowing that calls are really monitored that they're not very secure. They use that instead. So it's a secure line? Yes, it's a secure line. That's what it really is. I wanted to ask you when things are going badly or if you've had to wrestle with a difficult problem or if you've heard of a great tragedy like San Lebanon, what you do to find serenity? Well, there are many things of that kind that the murder of that fine young officer down in El Salvador. The tragedy, of course, in Beirut of our embassy was you can't help but feel those things personally. And I guess you just have to say what I've tried to say sometimes to a family of someone. That is, you just have to believe in God's mercy.  Well, you can't just do that so much because the schedule depends on where you are and when something has happened. I must say that going for a ride is something that I have. Whether it's in connection with the tragedy, that kind is something that I have always found very beneficial. Riding has been a very definite part of my life. Why? I don't know. I can't tell you. I only know that, you know, I couldn't say, well, I was raised in a farm at all. In fact, I was grown up and out of college before I actually took up riding. But all I know is that without having any experience or exposure to it or not, knowing people that rode back there in a small town, in an even smaller town where I went to college, I only know that I had increasingly in my days, particularly in college, a desire to horseback ride. Because you like communicating with the horse? I just, I don't know what it was. Nature. Then when I got on radio, there was a sports announcer and there were a couple of people at the studio that rode, just go out and rent a horse at a riding academy and ride, I went with them. But there was another fellow at the studio who was a reserve officer in the cavalry. And in Des Moines, Iowa, at that time, the 14th Cavalry was stationed at Fort Des Moines. And there was a program between the two World Wars, World War I and II, in which you could enlist as a candidate for a commission, a reserve. You did enlist. What? You were in the cavalry. As a reserve officer. This enlistment is only then, at the same time, you apply to be a candidate so you are not... I have to ask you another question. How you enjoy life, what you do to cheer yourself up, whether it's having a really good glass of wine or sitting next to a beautiful woman or walking through a field of flowers, what might be something that you do to enjoy life? Well, I live for the days that we can get to our ranch in California and moving back to ranching and riding. The routine is usually the same. Ride in the morning, Nancy and I ride. And the afternoon is spent with all the things that need doing, whether it's restoring the supply of firewood, because the only heat we have at the ranch is two fireplaces, whether it's going down a clearing trails again, they get overgrown on the riding trails and you have to go through and pruning them out, cleaning them out, things of that kind. I had one question on what do you think about when you chop wood? The wood. It's very satisfying.  But other things right now, we'll be going to the ranch shortly. And I picked another place that I think ought to be fenced. And the fences that I started with up there are made out of telephone poles. So we will be building about 400 feet of telephone pole fence. And what's your greatest, this is probably the same thing, what's your idea of heaven on earth? Being at the ranch. But part of the question you said about sitting beside a beautiful woman, yes, that's very much part of my life as long as she's nasty. That's very nice. I wanted to ask you a question about, it's sort of a word association. In a few words, what qualities you admire in leaders? In a leader. And I had some ideas of leaders like just a few words, what qualities you might admire in a leader. And let's say somebody like FDR. Is there like a few words that you just think of off the top of your head that you admire about him? Well, in those days, I wasn't a New Deal Democrat. In fact, the first vote I ever cast was cast for Franklin Delano Roosevelt. But any kind of quality things about him? Yes, there's no question that he came in at a time when there was no previous experience in our history to give any leaves as to what you did then. People who did not experience the Great Depression and have only heard it compared to recessions that we've had since the war and the present recession and so forth, cannot understand what it was like. There were no programs of such things as unemployment insurance or anything like that. I know all these leaders that I have here, at least a few words. I also have like, if you had a few words on what you admired about someone like say LBJ or Jimmy Carter, these are like predecessors, men who sat here. If this is a done question, you don't want to answer if that's okay. Well, I think you learn and you have to say about any of them. They learned in here that Harry Truman's line is right, that you can't turn and look over your shoulder for somebody to pass the decision on to. I wanted to ask you what you'd like least about the job. I think that would have to be the today because of the world we live in, the features of it that make you a group wherever you go. It's hard to remember that there was a time when a president maybe had one or two Secret Service agents with him. There are things that you don't feel free to do anymore because of the discomfort you caused to others. As a matter of fact, we don't go to church as often as we would like anymore. Do you remember the secret service that makes me nervous when Mary Martin was here? Oh, I had never heard that song before. They're looking and the daughter can't even kiss her boyfriend. But it isn't so much that I must say they're wonderful about not imposing themselves on you. It's the knowledge that, well, for example, I don't know how a president anymore could go to the first ball game and throw the ball out as they used to do. How do you provide security with 50,000 people or 100,000 people around you? And as I say, like going to church, you know that you can't help but be a disruptive influence in what should be an hour of worship. So there are things that you just have to rule out. And what do you like the best about living in the house? Living in the white house? Well, there is no question there is a great feeling of the history of this home and who has lived there before. But it is also most gracious and comfortable living. Is it the most gracious and comfortable living you've experienced? Well, you would have to say that. All of this is provided there. There's a wonderful feeling about the people who work in the white house. They're such an esprit de corps. They're pride in being a part of that institution that is very heart-wrenching. From my view that you wonder about what present you'll give a manicurist. And you know, you're very careful yourself to return to give back to the pot whatever you're taking out of it. That you're careful to thank people for the little things that they do for you. I thought that was much appreciated. I want to ask you how you pace yourself. Well, I've, maybe it's the experience of having been governor for eight years. I've often wondered what this job must be like for someone who hasn't had that same experience. The, and by this without many way meaning to demean the Congress or the Senate, that cannot be as much the same experience as having been governor. As a matter of fact, I think that being a governor in this country is the closest thing to the presidency. I think as a governor I read that you took catnaps occasionally. You knew just how to pace yourself, how to take advantage of the five minutes. No, I don't take catnaps, but I sleep well, so I'm an eight hour fellow at night in sleep. I've got a little period of exercise. I've always enjoyed staying fit. I wanted to ask you the five most interesting people that you've met among the five most interesting people. Could be any leader or... Oh my, it would have to be a mom. I've met by now how many heads of state I... But you know, your wife's father might be an actor for it. Just whoever comes to mind is like among the five very interesting people. You should have given me some advance warning on that.  I could say off the top of your head... I could say that an almost unforgettable man that I have ever met was the program director that gave me my first job in radio. Peter McArthur. Anyone else you can think of? Well, let me just say a word or two about him. Peter McArthur was, from the time I first met him, almost totally crippled from arthritis. I met him when he was on two canes. I saw him go to two crutches. And, of course, eventually bedridden and died. But this man was the first man that anyone would seek out if they had troubles. I don't know how to describe it, but he was... And I don't mean that he was sanctimonious or anything of that kind. He was a rough, tough, former vaudeville. He came to this country from Scotland with Harry Lauder's troop. All right, now wait, okay, now. I mean, that's a wonderful answer. I wanted to ask you, it's nothing to do with politics, but if there are any heads of state who you've met, who you feel a sort of a simpotica with, that you think if it were another life and time, this guy and I would really be good friends. A great many. Now, whether it's the fact that we have the same job and the same problems, I don't know, but I do know that there is a kind of an immediate bond. And for example, when Sedat was assassinated, he had been here. Now, you're only together for a couple of days on a state visit of that kind. But when that tragedy occurred, Nancy and I were both amazed that suddenly we realized that our sorrow was not that of just the tragedy of the event and the great man that had been wiped out. It was personal. That we felt a personal sense of loss of a friend. It's amazing it could happen so quickly. Yes. But it's intense. I would imagine living here is very intense. In things of that kind, yes. Incidentally, and among most interesting people and admired people in my life also as the Prime Minister of England to Margaret Thatcher. Any certain quality about her that you, you know, whether it's grit or moxie? It's, well, it's courage, forthrightness, dedication. I wanted to ask you how you define a civilized man, what you think are the qualities going to be? Well, someone wants to define a gentleman as someone who always says and does the kindest thing. So that would be the same. Who do you think that you've met who personifies a gentleman? Oh, I think I've met a great many. A gentleman that I just mentioned, a teacher I once had, B.J. Fraser. In college? In high school. What did he teach? English, and he was the director of the plays, the high school plays, which I participated in. Was he a gentleman because he always stood up for a lady or was he open the door? No, he was, again, there was a real kindness about him. There was a helpfulness. He was one of those unusual teachers that came to a school and suddenly he had a constituency in the student body. I wanted to ask you how you feel about Mrs. Reagan. Well, I once described that number of years ago How do you describe what it feels like to come in out of the cold in the warm room? I just can't conceive of being without her. And how do you like her to look?  No, I find I always like the way she looks. And what do you find most attractive in a woman? How do I describe that?    I know that there are great many women who wouldn't believe me of this, but I'm a great fan of your sex. I'm not questioning that. It's not a true question. I know this is a wrong time to ask, but this doesn't come out until November and by November that'll all be behind you. Listen, behind me, I regret very much that the stories that have come out about that are unfairly casting on the women because I couldn't have asked for a warmer, more gracious reception than I had. And just one woman is now being taken as well. No, I don't want to put you in the defense for that because I don't think you're going to have any problem with that one that comes to the show. I wanted to ask you, setting aside the political aspects of this question, what effect do you think you've had on the attitude of the American people towards themselves and towards their country? I don't know how to say this now with that. I don't want it to sound as if I think I did this enough, but I think that there has been a restoration of patriotism of pride in country and of optimism about our country in these few years. I think that Americans, after a lot of self-doubts that some of them were brought on by the Vietnam syndrome, some of them brought on by economic problems and all, but suddenly there is a can-do spirit that we always used to have and just took for granted. I think I'm more proud of almost anything, the extent to which the private sector, the people themselves, whether it's at a community level in a union, in a corporation or just a neighborhood have moved voluntarily to resolve some of the problems that we face today. We have a computer here now. We have a private sector initiative office and we have a computer with more than 3,000 programs in that computer that are programs that we have located and found that people are doing something for themselves out there in the community, or as I say, in associations that have gotten together of various kinds to resolve virtually every type of economic or social problem that you could think of. I wanted to ask you what you do for luck. If you have any love for Collins, you'll be able to. You know, for luck? Oh, I knock on wood. You know, you've got to remember that show business is the very center of superstition. You know, don't whistle in the dressing room. Don't throw your hat on the bed, so forth. I'm not superstitious. I just knock on wood and don't throw my hat on the bed and I won't whistle in the dressing room. I wanted to ask you, I read that you don't like to fly, and it makes you feel claustrophobic, and I wondered if it was easier on Air Force One. Oh, I have to tell you, the flying, not flying, was not the result of any fear or not liking it or anything else. Maybe it came from coming out of World War II, a lot of us, even though I'd never heard a shot of fire and an anchor. I had served at a fluid desk for the Air Force. I just don't ask me why. I got a hunch that I would get in the wrong plane and so I just didn't. And I was even in the contract for eight years of my television program with General Electric that I would not fly. And when I finally gave in and told some people who were after me to do it that I would run for governor, I knew that I would have to. And I did, and I, no, I'm not uncomfortable at all. And jet lag, do you do anything to prevent jet lag? Oh, that, I don't know. You try, but believe me, I know about jet lag now. I know that it's easier to go west than it is to go east. Like bring your own pillow or anything like that? No. I think you just have to let yourself get used to it and wait for it to take over. And I've got a few favorite questions. You just take a second. Your favorite room in the White House? Favorite room in the White House. There are quarters there and a very lovely bedroom and I have a study, I'll tell you what. The one that I spend the least time in but really get the most satisfaction out of is a room that we've made into a gym and every day I have about a 15-minute work out there. Your favorite White House meal? There, I couldn't pick. I have to tell you that the food is excellent. Yes, I can't remember any that I didn't like or approve of. Do you like a game like poker or any game of high stakes or risk or chance? It's been so long since I played any kind of cards. I just don't have any leaning or desire. Any material thing that you have that gives you the most pride? What? A material thing that gives you the most pride. Oh dear, the ranch. Do you prefer estate dinners or small private dinners? I think for sheer pleasure you prefer the small private dinners to be with some friends and have a dinner of that kind but I must say this, Nancy is the head honcho in the state dinners and I have found them most delightful. And any favorite time in history? I mean, is it history buffers? Is there any favorite time in history that you've gone to? Yes, there is. That early west period and the cavalry in the west time, I think that that is the closest thing to Britain's kippling time of the Burma Frontier and so forth. But the thing that we have and it has a romance to it that most countries cannot match, there isn't anything comparable to it other than that, let's say the Burma Frontier for the British. That's great. That's interesting. I appreciate this so much. I'm sorry I had to go along because everything you said I would like to have listened to everything but I had so many things to know in June, 20 minutes is too short to get to. Let me just go back to where you were talking about and I was talking about the president, whether the pressure or not, where I said that maybe being governor was part of it. When I first became governor and it was in almost like the same situation here, California was really in an emergency situation budget wise and things of that kind. And it seemed as if every day someone when I came in in the morning was almost immediately standing in front of my desk saying we have a problem and we were discovering all these and I got actually, I remember something that had happened when I was president of the Screen Actors Guild at the time of the first great strike that had ever hit our motion picture industry that was right after World War II and it was a jurisdiction strike and that was a time when there was a real communist effort and domination of some unions and an effort to infiltrate and take over the business. And I found myself almost like that looking over the shoulder thing. I was conscious that the members of the ship of the Guild would more or less accept what I recommended but that was frightening too because I thought, well, who am I to make decisions for all these thousands of people? How do I know that I'm right? And one night I just said to myself all I can do is to the best of my ability considering everything to make a decision based on what I honestly believe in my heart is the right thing to do. And I thought of that when I became governor and suddenly things changed. There is another little element about there. Lincoln explained it very well. He said, I would be the stupidest man on this footstole called Earth if I thought for one minute I could face the duties that confront me here if I could not turn to someone wiser and stronger and ask for help. Thank you very much. Thank you. I sure enjoyed it. Is this a California gold nugget? Yes. How did you guess? It looks like it's the state of California. Except that it is a nugget just as it came out of the river. Oh, you're kidding. In the Columbia River out there, the Columbia, what do I mean? No, at Columbia, California, the Twame River, the skin divers still go up there on weekends and dive in the river and come up with nuggets and they're little jewelry stores along the shore there where they make things out of this jewelry and all. And one of those skin divers found this nugget shaped like the state of California and gave it to me and I had it made at one of those places into a tie-tie. Isn't that nice? Isn't that great? That's really amazing. Because it looks very rugged. You can't imagine it was made to look like California but it looks exactly like California. It's just the way it came out of the river. Well, thank you very much. Thank you. I really enjoyed it. Well, I enjoyed it. Thank you. Thank you. And if anything happened to that or didn't pick anything up, why? Something will murder us long.