Hello there, it's Sandy Allnock and it's National Creativity Day. So to inspire you to get out your art supplies I'm going to show you how to turn circles into art. Today's project stems from something I shared on Instagram a while back in the spring and I wanted to share a version of it that's much simpler and hopefully will help you to get your brain tuned a little bit more in that direction but let's look at the video first. What would your response be if I said the only natural talent that an artist has is the desire to create? Everything outside of that is a skill that they have learned and some people pick those skills up quicker than others but everybody, everybody can learn those skills if they have the desire to create. I couldn't agree more with what the woman said in that voiceover and I want to share something with you today that I think is going to help you to move toward creating something as crazy as seeing birds in splatters but in a much more controlled way because I think it's potentially something that can help you get there because we're going to make birds and trees and things out of circles. Circles are a shape we're familiar with so you're not looking at blobs of weird color and trying to make something out of it in this particular case. So I'm using Yupo paper which is a plastic synthetic paper and alcohol inks. Alcohol inks are a lot of fun they're very intense in color and you can get them to make near perfect circles but a lot of us tend to just put a whole lot of dots all over our paper and then we add more dots and more dots because we get excited about that. Have a little patience and then when you start to add your dots separate from each other and let them dry when you put the next row of dots the ones that go in between these they're not going to blend and take over as much because they're not meeting with more liquid when it gets to the end of making its circle. It meets just kind of a dry surface. Some of it may track over into it and you'll see one that does and I'll show you a little bit about what you can do to keep that from happening. You can see my hair blowing in the corner of the video.  Don't use a hair dryer with this paper because it will melt and I've sometimes used an airbrush with no ink in it just an airbrush so it blows air but that will move it too fast. Here I want to move it very very slowly. If I moved that spot that I just pointed to with an airbrush it would move it way too quickly in there and my breath is just enough to get it to dry a little quicker without putting pressure on it because you don't want to press into the dots at all. But you can work around the page if you're making a whole bunch of them in a row like I am just switch from one area to another in order to work in a place that's got dry stuff on both sides. Some of them will take over that blue one definitely took over the orange and that's fine and there's also some circles in here that are less than perfect and we're going to fix that when we get to the final stage of turning these into pieces of art. You can use any colors you like with this bright happy colors you can go with all different greens you can mix greens and blues and make something that's very analogous in the color way. Lots of different things. I'm going to add just one more little one little tiny one here in the tucked into the corner just so all of these join in some way everything touches something. I love it when they just kiss each other at the edge but sometimes they get a little little wonkiness we can deal with that in the next stage. Once everything is completely dry we're going to turn the circles into trees using color pencils. I'm just going to use a black color pencil here very simple and this one is by Prismacolor but you can also use Polychromos or most others. Cheaper pencils may not work as much if they're not as pigmented and I'm going to go around the edge of all my circles and make a nice thick line which is more than just one pencil line going around it. I am very sketchy when I do my drawing so I go back and forth like this to try to get something smooth and what I ended up doing was some areas got a little thicker and some were a little thinner. I just thickened everything up to the thickest place around the entire thing to try to make it mostly even but perfection is not required this is art. Remember that it's going to be something handmade so I'm going to repeat the process going through all of the circles and a quick tip if you have a lot of sticky alcohol that gets stuck around the outside edges sometimes that will happen and as the ink collects sprinkle a little baby powder or talcum powder of some kind on the surface and make sure that it gets covered and then buff it off with a cotton ball that's going to take away the sticky and make the paper easier to work with. So next I'm going to add a horizon line mine's going to be a little curved you can also do one that's straight and then I'm going to sketch in some tree trunks very simple to do wider at the bottom skinnier at the top you can add tree trunks that have branches you could make yours straight they don't have to be curved like this lots of different ways to do it even just a popsicle stick kind of line at the base of each one would still be really great and I'm thinking about all the different kind of uses that you can have for a project like this these kind of trees would be excellent for a greeting card for wrapping around a pencil can you could make art for a child's room lots of great things to do the white paint I'm using here is called bleed proof white by ph martins and I have found it works pretty much on everything it doesn't suck the color back up into the the whites the white stays really white and that seemed like a good thing to add here these would work really well with these highlights on them for balloons or you could do lollipops lots of different ways you could use this kind of an idea to make something very very simple yet very happy and cheerful so let's talk about turning these circles into something else but I want to address an issue that I had when I was making the something else which is I've got some little blobs of color little drops of color you can see that jumped off of the bottle and what do you do with that you can sometimes use a little cloth like a Kleenex or a paper towel or something with some alcohol on it and kind of get in there and try to scrub it I decided not to go that route because that was just going to be too dangerous getting close to that pink and also red colors when you're working with anything reds are notoriously not wanting to lift they're going to stay in the paper so it might not be worth it anyway so I came up with another idea after waiting for my blobs to all dry so I could add the blue one in there and watch it do its thing and then I'm going to add one more over on the other side so I have a little imbalance and like odd numbers when I do things like this even numbers just seem too mechanical but that one of course came out shaped a little weird you know it's always the last one there's always going to be one that does something funky so what I have done to fix the blobbiness those little spatters is to add more deliberate ones touching a glass pen to the either the top of the bottle of ink if you've got excess ink there or just dipping it into the cap and both of those will work so now I'm going to use that same glass pen all the links for the supplies by the way are in the doobly do and I'm going to dip it in there and I'm going to make one eyeball and I'm going to let that eyeball sit there first and see if it's going to be the big eye or the small eye because I'm going to do two different size eyes on these birds because they're going to be a funky bird band it's going to be cool so I made my big one first and then the small one you might want to make one dot on each and then let them sit there so you can see whether that's going to be the big or the small one because it takes a second for the 99 alcohol to do its thing and to decide how far it's going to go a glass pen is literally just a glass point that that you can dip into something and draw with and it's going to pick up different amounts of alcohol so I kept a tissue handy so I could just keep wiping it off I didn't want to have big drips of anything so I'm going to do the same process that I did for the trees and just give them nice big thick outlines around each one of these birds so you can add the outline around the outside for all of the circles first or you can just work on the birds one at a time you can also turn these into fish or other characters that are around you can make monsters out of them lots of different fun things you could do but I'm going to work on one guy first he's the leader of the band you'll see why he's the leader of the band in a little bit you can make the centers of the eyes either the same size or different they're funny either way so next up I'm going to be thinking about the wings and in this particular case there's a wing basically in an imperfection in the ink where I want to wing anyway it may have changed the angle that I'm doing it at but that's totally fine you may find places throughout the entire drawing that are going to be perfect places to cover up with that black line but there also might be places where you'll just ignore the fact that there's an imperfection there and depending on what medium you use if you have watercolor on watercolor paper that you're doing this on you're going to have more imperfections than you will with alcohol inks so I'm adding all of the noses and eyes noses their beaks and the eyeballs for each one of my birds and they started developing personalities and I was talking to them while I was working which was kind of funny and I just started adding in either wings or hints of wings sometimes in places where the imperfections were in the ink sometimes not and then added the legs to them I wanted them mostly to have short stubby legs but that would mean that the ones in the back would have to have longer legs than what I was wishing for so I moved the horizon line up for all of the ones in the background so only this big tall one ended up with legs everybody else has stubby legs and now the green one looks like it's in the front and so I decided since it is a band that they need some hairdos just a few of them not all of them so we have a mohawk for the lead singer the gal in the pink is one of the backup singers then we have the drummer in the back he's going to have a few little hairs sticking up off his head I just had so much fun with this I'm probably going to be making a lot more of these because they're way fun to do and if you want to try some please do share it with me I'd love to see what you're making if you have not yet joined in on the peace love and art challenge do so using the link in the doobly do to get more information and sign up for it and all week long on socials I'll see you with more mixed media types of projects and Friday I'll be back with more alcohol ink with colored pencil because I have been having fun can't wait to share that with you see you then bye bye


For quite a while now, I've been saying that we're at a disharmonic level, and it's something that we're passing through as a species. Now you begin to see the bigger picture of what I meant. The reason it's disharmonic is because it does not equate a Phi ratio, not even close. Disharmonic levels are important because they bridge a gap between the divine, pure levels.  You can see this happening all around the world today, because we're at the very end of it and everything is crashing down on us. We've discussed this all before, notably in the intros of Lesson 1 and 2. So the reason that we're on this circle and square combination, and not the sixth square relative to some other circle, is because of this. If you take the square and rotate it 45 degrees, it actually creates a bridge. It connects us from two harmonic levels of being. We're moving from one state of being to the other, this time even closer to source. This is a very exciting time for us.


The age-in narcissist. Some narcissists will eventually mature out of their behaviour as they grow older. They won't be as violent or aggressive. They might develop more control over their emotions. But they are still narcissistic. They still have the same way of thinking. They still have an excessive interest in themselves. But you might see a change in the way that they conduct themselves. Some narcissists become more covert as they get older. Their behaviour changes because they are still maturing mentally and emotionally. They're maturing at a far slower rate than someone who is not narcissistic. As the narcissist gets older, people become less tolerant of their behaviour. They no longer put up with their temper tantrums.  This can often compel the narcissist to change their behaviour because their tantrums are no longer making people attend to them. It's no longer helping them to get their needs met. People are more tolerant of someone in their 20s having a tantrum. But when it's someone who's in their 50s or 60s, nobody wants to deal with that. You can forgive someone for these things when they're young and immature. But when they start getting old, they should know better. They should have more awareness of their behaviour and how it's affecting people. The people who have been around these ageing narcissists since they were younger will eventually get fed up of it. They won't want to deal with them anymore. When you're young and you're telling someone about a sad story, a list of personal problems, or an excuse for failing to do something, it's more understandable. It's more tolerable. But as you get older and older and you're still talking about the same stories from 20 years ago, still dealing with the same issues you never attended to or took responsibility for, no one wants to hear that. If you're in your 20s or 30s, it's more understandable. It's more tolerable because you're still young and you haven't had much experience in life. You haven't had much time to learn or figure things out. You haven't fully matured yet. So it's more acceptable. Some of us have had a difficult childhood. We went through things that may have affected us and set us back mentally and emotionally. So it delays our maturity. Our psychological age may be very different to our chronological age because we have experienced traumatic events in our childhood that have stunted our growth and development. And that's why things are the way that they are. But as the narcissist gets older, it becomes more difficult to justify their behavior because they've had plenty of time to deal with their issues. They've had plenty of time to resolve whatever is going on inside of them. So people are going to be less forgiving of their behavior. They are going to be less compassionate towards them. I believe that it is never too late to change your life. It is never too late to improve yourself and become a better person. But the narcissist is not trying to improve anything. They don't want to change. And the older they get, the more obvious this becomes because they keep using the same excuses to justify their behavior. They keep using the same stories or conspiracy theories as a reason why they continue to fail in relationships, work or anything else in their lives. Nothing ever changes. And it doesn't matter what you or anyone else does to try to help them. Nothing will ever improve. They don't want to change. They don't want anything to improve. They are comfortable with the dysfunctionality. It works for them. It gets them what they need. So why would they ever want anything to change? As the narcissist gets older, people may start to realize that the person who was said to be responsible for their problems wasn't responsible after all. This is where it begins to look bad for the narcissist. People might stop believing in their stories and lies. But rather than looking at themselves and trying to improve or change their own behavior, instead, they changed the villain in their story. They changed the person who they said to be responsible for their problems. But while the villain may change, the story always stays the same. It's always a bad person or a bad situation. There's always a reason why the narcissist can never succeed. And that reason never has anything to do with them. They're just helpless people in a hopeless situation. And there's nothing that anyone can do about it. Someone always gets in their way. Someone always causes problems for them. Someone always does something wrong. Or they're this courageous person who somehow manages to beat the odds. They somehow manage to overcome improbability and become the winner or champion. They're either the world's greatest hero or the world's biggest victim. In every story, it never changes. The longer you know them, the more evident this becomes. They always have an excuse. They always have a reason or explanation to justify their faults or mistakes. They always have someone to blame. They always have someone that they can hold responsible. It gets to a point where people just stop believing in their stories and lies. And that is when the narcissist will begin to move around. They go from relationship to relationship. House to house. Job to job. They have to find someone who will agree with them. Someone who will validate the illusion that they are trying to portray. But as they get older, it becomes more difficult for them to do that. They lose their looks. They lose their physical attractiveness. And this makes it very difficult for them to manipulate people. Now they're no longer as attractive or desirable as they once were. As the narcissist gets older, people lose interest in them. Some narcissists remain the same no matter how old they get. When they get old, their behavior is still the same as when they were young. The reason for this is because they are higher on the narcissism spectrum. This makes it more difficult for them to change or adapt to their environment. They are maladaptive. They cannot adjust adequately or appropriately. They don't have the ability to change to suit different conditions. So they remain the same. They remain stuck in their old ways. Even if their behavior is only harming themselves and ruining their own lives. There's still nothing they can do about it. They are completely stuck and they can't do anything to change it. It creates a crisis for them. A time of intense difficulty or danger. They might still try to use their age and looks or pass success to manipulate people. But it doesn't work anymore. It doesn't have the same effect as it once did. This can create a very difficult situation for the narcissist. It can cause uncontrollable fear or anxiety. Because they don't know any other way to get what they need. And the only way that they know is no longer working. They are stuck in a cycle of behavior. Doing the same thing again and again. Expecting a different result. Nothing ever changes. They become anxious and depressed. Their behavior gets a lot worse. When they can no longer get what they want. They get very mad. They become very frustrated and resentful to the people around them.  You may desire to go no contact with them. But you might be afraid of being judged for your decision. Please remember that you are not responsible for anyone who has disrespected you. Or not treated you right. If they are unappreciative of everything you have done for them. That is not your problem. If you want to help them. That is your choice. But unfortunately you will have to deal with the consequences of making that choice. You may not be in a position to help them. But a drowning man will clutch at a straw. And often they will pull you down with them. So please be aware of this. If you do decide to help the aging narcissist. Remember that their behaviour has nothing to do with you. It has everything to do with how they feel inside. And that is why their behaviour was already this way. Even before you were around. This is just who they are. They never learned any other ways of behaving. They are emotionally immature. Underdeveloped people. They are completely helpless and powerless. The only help and power they can have is from what they can get from you. That is why they always need you to help them. That is why they have to trick you into giving your power to them. But once you realise and accept this. They can no longer hurt you. Observe what they are saying. Observe their behaviour. But do not absorb it. Do not identify with it. It has nothing to do with you. It has everything to do with how they feel inside. You cannot control what they say. You cannot control their behaviour. But you can control how you receive it. And how you respond to it. You don't have to let it affect you. You don't have to let it control how you feel or how you react. Take control of your emotions and choose how you want to respond. How you feel and how you behave is your choice. Don't let them make that choice for you. If you choose to help them. That is your choice. Thank you for watching. I hope this video originated with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. If you are lighter than me. My PayPal link is in the video description. Coach the inquiries, you can email me. And I'll try to have a coach in at gmail.com. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. For today's video, I am going to be ranking all of the palettes that I tried in the month of April. There are nine palettes here that I'm going to be mentioning. So if you want to see what came out the worst and what came out on top, then just keep watching. Hi guys, if you're new here, my name is Morgan. I am a product knowledge enthusiast. I just love knowing anything and everything about all of the new makeup on the market and sharing my thoughts with you guys. And eyeshadows in particular are my favorite, hence why I have this whole series dedicated to ranking all of the new palettes that I've tried. So we're going to start off with number nine and I feel like some people are going to get offended, but truthfully, this palette made me angry. I'm wearing it today and I was going to rank this like one or two spots higher, but then I got super angry with application today, giving it the ninth spot. So this is the Melt Cosmetics Mary Jane palette and I know Heather Austin, I was watching her monthly rankings video and this I believe was like her number one. She really, really loves this. So don't let my review of this scare you, but personally for me and the way that I apply eyeshadow, me and this palette do not get along. It's way, way, way too chunky for me. It makes a mess and that's my biggest fault in this palette is the huge mess that it makes because you can certainly make all of the shades in here work. You have to use a glitter glue and you cannot do your face makeup first, but the way that I do makeup and I enjoy the process, I do not like to do my eye makeup first to make a palette work and you really have to work these shimmers onto the eyelid, press them and they're going to get everywhere if you're not using a glitter glue and I don't mind using a glitter glue, but for the price that this palette is and for the amount of other eyeshadow palettes that I don't need to make such efforts to make this work, I just do not like this. Today my makeup from afar, it probably looks good, but if you look really close to my under eyes, there are little black specks underneath my eyes because this shade got everywhere. You can even see in the palette, there's like chunks everywhere because the colors are so messy. Now not all of the colors are bad in here. The mattes are really, really great. They're very blendable. They have a lot of pigment. They're awesome to work with and there's a couple shimmers in here as well. Like these three, they're fine. I don't have an issue with them. They have a lot of glittery dimension that's super pretty, but these three mattes really ruin this palette for me. I am not able to make it work and they're the three shades that add dimension to a look and the particularly these two out here, which are extra chunky. These are what is going to lighten the look up for me. I need it for dimension and so if those palettes are at a commission for me along with this shade right here, it doesn't leave me with many options. I feel to create a look that I personally would enjoy. So for me, this did not work out at all. It's a huge mess and while the looks you can get are pretty and I could certainly make this work and create stunning looks with this, I can't justify the price. I just think the amount of work that goes into this for the price is crazy. The next palette that I have is also one that I think is quite overpriced. This is the Dior Summer Dune Quint. So this is in the shade Mirage. So this is from Dior's new summer collection. I did a whole video on new Dior makeup and I picked up this palette and it is beautiful. It has this like tie-dye prints on it. The problem is like all of these shades look almost the same. There's literally no depth in this. The one I was going to put the melt cosmetics over this one but this one doesn't make a mess and I actually really like my eye makeup with this one. It's just like you can only get one look with this. So if you don't like the one look that you can get, then you will not like this. It's really pretty. It's nice for summery. The quality itself is really nice. It's just in the color selection here that I think it was really a miss. It's a pretty sheer luxury formula but they're all the same shade. So for the price that a Dior Quint is, this is not worth it at all. The number seven palette is the Hooda Beauty Carmel Brown Palette. Now this brown obsessions collection came out right at the very very beginning of April and overall I just wasn't super in love with this collection. There's still a couple more palettes in this line that I will share with you. This one was my least favorite. It's a mixture of color story but also the shimmers are a bit lackluster in here and a few of the mattes also lack some pigmentation. It's just not Hooda's best formula but it's definitely workable. Like I feel like the Melt Cosmetics formula is not workable. This one is a workable formula. It's a decent price. It's just not a palette that I found myself wanting to grab for. Number six is the Adorable Too Faced Teddy Bear Palette. Now this is when we're getting a turnaround and I'm speaking pretty positively about the rest of these palettes. This is so cute. I picked this up during the Sephora V.I.B sale. It is much smaller than I originally thought. Here's the Melt palette. Now the Melt palettes are kind of big but regardless do you see how tiny this is? It's so lightweight. It's so great for travel and it's just a solid palette overall. I'm not overly impressed with the formula. I just think they all work good. You get a nice look. I'm not disappointed with any of the looks that I create. You know the shimmers, they're fine. The mattes, they're nice. They blend. They do what they're supposed to do. It's not extraordinary and there are a few Too Faced Palettes believe it or not that I do feel have an amazing formula. This isn't that formula but it's also not their crappy formula either which they also have in their line. It's right in the middle. I definitely think the price is right for this. That's the thing. This is not an overpriced palette at all. The price is right. The quality you're getting for this price is right. It's so cute and tiny and if you're interested in this I do recommend it.  Okay so I have like five palettes that I'm counting as one for number five just because they all are in the realm of the same quality and you also have to dig into multiple ones to create a look. Now this was gifted to me MPR from Maven Beauty and they sent over their eyeshadow quads. First let's talk about the packaging. Me like a great like packaging. I just I think because I do my bridal makeup and like I'm in that I'm in the makeup artistry industry I just like to see the colors that I'm grabbing. Now these are interesting by the way if you didn't know this is Fashion Nova's makeup brand but you definitely wouldn't be able to tell. These guys are made in the USA and they have a really nice formula. Now what's interesting about these like this is called a soft blend. So these are the blending shades. We have the spotlight shades is what they call this one. This one is the bold blend so you get the bolder shades. There's medium blend so these are supposed to be the medium tone crease shades and then we have of course the define. So basically all of the shades are going to be in the same depth for each quad. So you have to dig into multiples which I don't really like that. I like a palette to encompass a whole look as opposed to certain duties for a particular palette so you don't have to go into multiple ones but it's an interesting concept and the quality is really really nice. The shades that I have at least they're all very very basic colors nothing crazy unique. The mattes in particular I think is where their formula stands out really pigmented really blendable but also not too pigmented where it shouldn't be too pigmented. The only disappointing one maybe is the spotlight one these aren't bad but they're just a solid okay shimmer formula. I could do without these honestly I think the mattes are just super easy to work with. So I've been enjoying playing with these a lot. Number four we're back to Hooda Beauty Brown Obsessions. We have Toffee Brown. Now if you are into collecting Hooda palettes and you're looking for the one that's the most unique in the Hooda line definitely get the Toffee if you are interested in this collection. This is the one where you're not going to have as many dupes within the Hooda line of course it still is not the most unique. I would recommend checking out my review on all three of these palettes. You'll kind of see which shades are a little bit more weak and which shades are really good quality. These palettes across the board are pretty and consistent but they aren't bad quality. This one I really love for the color story. I think it's beautiful and I think I get a very not necessarily unique but it's a different type of neutral look that I normally do. Now this one number three is my favorite in the Hooda line. This is the Chocolate Brown. Again I think like this shade right here didn't give me the pigment that I wanted and there's a couple shimmers in here that required some building up but other than that I really enjoy the tones in this one. It really is easy to pick this up and create a full look that's really pretty. With all three of the Brown Obsessions Palettes from Hooda I haven't created a look that I didn't like. It might have taken a little bit of extra effort to get there but for the most part the curation as always is on point from Hooda and this one is my favorite of the three. Number two quality on this one is spectacular. This is from Heen Dash. This is the Butopsy Palette. Of course I do have a full review on this palette. It's kind of advertised as a multi-purpose palette so I did do in my demo it for contour, bronzer, blush, highlight. I don't really love it for contouring the face. I just think I couldn't get the perfect match for myself. It's the kind of thing where you could do it if you didn't bring any other bronzer or contour shades but other than that I think it worked beautifully for blush. It worked beautifully for highlighting the face and shading it in that kind of way and then eyeshadows. Incredible. This is such a silky formula. Now initially the look of this palette it really did not appeal to me and even kind of looking at it now it's kind of boring like it is but the quality is just so silky and I've loved the looks that I've come out with so far. It's a different palette for me and I have these colors individually. It's not something that I don't already own in my collection but I think the formula is really silky and it's soft. It has good pigment but it's not super pigmented which I prefer that because it makes the shadows easier to work with and it makes sense and it makes them more versatile for application in multiple places on the face. Overall this is a beautiful beautiful palette. I just think what's making this stand out for me is the quality and it's really opened up my eyes to all matte makeup looks which is not something that I do very often but every time I wear this I'm like yes I'm feeling my makeup. Okay number one um kind of a sin that I have an elf palette as my number one palette because it's so cheap but this did recently restock and I mean looking at what I tried this month we had some disappointing ballads. This was my favorite. My most used one that I wanted to reach for of all my new palettes. This is the Elf and Jen Atkin collection. It is the lighter shade. They also have a darker one but obviously I didn't need the darker one. I really enjoy the packaging that acrylic again. It's a $14 palette. It's very very sturdy packaging wise and these colors are super duper boring. There's nothing inspiring about this at all but the quality is so amazing for the price and you just get a great everyday makeup look with this. It's easy to grab for because you have the face colors as well. Check out my April favorites video. I actually put this in my favorites video and I used the highlight as an all-over lid shade and you guys were so impressed with how it looked and you loved my makeup and it's crazy to think that it was with a $14 palette but this has knocked my socks off. Now in terms of quality you know like the Hindash is a better quality palette and I do think even like the Too Faced is a bit better quality but for $14 you really cannot beat it. It's like a fool-proof palette and I think so many of you guys would really enjoy it and we love a good bargain. All right you guys there we have it. That was my ranking of all the palettes that I tried in April. I must admit kind of a disappointing month. Lots of boring palettes and a lot of disappointing ones as well so we will see how May is looking so far. I have a couple palettes that I'm really liking that I've tried so far in May so I'm excited for that video already but thank you guys so much for watching this video. I hope you found it helpful. If you aren't subscribed to my channel already I would love it if you would consider taking the time to do so and I will see you all in the next one. Bye guys have a good one.


All right, for tax year 2023, the deduction for moving expenses is generally no longer available to most taxpayers due to changes enacted by the Tax Cuts and Job Act. So you're probably going to get questions about this because this is one of those things that people have in their mind and has more recently been changed. That being, if I'm going from one job to another job, do I get a tax benefit for the move? It used to be the case that you might get a tax benefit, but they basically almost entirely remove that having an exception possibly like for the military. So that's probably could come up if someone's changing jobs or thinking about changing jobs and they still have that in their mind. So however, if you are a member of the armed forces and active duty and you move because of a permanent change of station, you may still be eligible for deduct certain moving expenses. So remember that the military is often having exemptions. So you want to make sure that when you're dealing with people in the military, it might be a more place to specialize because there's a lot of differences in the code related to it. Eligible moving expenses for qualified armed forces members include shipping and storage costs for household goods and personal effects as well as travel, lodging, excluding meals and gas costs associated with the move. These expenses can be reported using form 3903. So it's important to note that reimbursements from your employer for any moving expenses are reported on this form as well. And if the reimbursement exceeds your out of pocket expenses, the excess must be claimed as taxable income. In other words,


I have a number of questions, but before I go, are there any questions in the audience? We have Mike? OK, go ahead. Yeah, fair phrase. OK, my question is specifically on Terranet. And I was wondering if you have looked at or even considered whether this PPP model would be applicable in developing countries, and why or why not? I would say it's got some applicability. And I think about it in two ways. There's the PPP model, as Terranet was originally established, which puts the government and the private consortium together, and you share the risk. Whereas the model as it has evolved today into a consortium, the risk transferred to the private sector. So in both cases, in our world, it comes down to the risk and the assessment of risk, which goes to technology risk, political risk, economic risk. And while I think you could set it up, if you had the confidence that the commitment was there, the economy will sustain the business model within the PPP. Then those are the mechanics that drive the change and advance it. And you'd be able to bring the capabilities to bear through that private sector component. David, and you? Hi. My question is to both Canada and Australia. My understanding is that in both those countries, you have First Nations groupings who live on land which is separate. And I understand that that's communal land. And I was just wondering how that puts into the land registry system, if at all. Yeah, we do. We're actually quite an interesting land rights issue in Australia, which I'm sure you probably know more in detail information on it than I do. But we have a lot of Aboriginal communities on Crownland that have rights over the land. And we have some of the issues that I see in the South African examples where how do you improve your rights when it's communal rights? So it's quite a complicated structure. And while they have rights to live on the land, and government provides a lot of services. So at the moment government provides schooling, housing, health. But it's an issue that I don't think we've got nailed yet. We have multiple service providers that go out to some of those very, very remote areas. And some of them are just, if you went there, you wouldn't see anything there. But the very strong connection to land for the people is important. So we do recognize all of that land through Crownland in the title register. And how it's managed is communally by individuals with services provided by government at moment. In Canada, Aboriginal lands are generally managed federally. So this would be the reserves. And they are communal or leased. So there would be a leasing infrastructure within that. So they're not managed within the provincial context or by the provincial registry. And the registry services or the registry integrity, I would say, is light. But there's lots of conversations about introducing a titling system into Aboriginal lands. I think the other area that comes into play are lands that are in dispute. So Aboriginal claims, which would be on titled land. And the registry does come into play there as you're trying to define the scope of land, the extent of land, and those rights. Front row, Peter and Yulia. Hi, thank you for really interesting presentations. My question is to Jodi and to Elizabeth. You both touched on the challenge of convincing different government agencies or government departments to share data with each other. And there's a clear case, of course, to be made for the sharing of data and for the kind of sum is greater than, or whole is greater than the sum of its parts of combining different data sets, making it interoperable. But we also know the challenges around getting different actors to share data with each other. I was wondering if you could give us a little bit of the backstory of how you succeeded in convincing these parties to play in the same sandbox. For us, before the agency started, it was very difficult for everybody to share data. Everybody held on to their data. Once the agency started, however, we were all in one place, so they had to share the data. But the problem still occurs because there is actually work going on now to provide a government data sharing policy so that the other departments will also share with us to help improve that database. It's still difficult because you have to also remember that some people earn from their data. And so when they put it into this big pool, they haven't quite figured out yet how to give everybody a little bit of the share of that pay. So it's still an ongoing problem that we are working through. I guess in another few years we'll sort that out. What has been worked on? So we started, we have a thing in Western Australia called Wallace, which stands for the West Australian Land Information System. And we run another thing, we love acronyms, doesn't this industry just love acronyms? We also run a thing called the Shared Location Information Platform. So we've been in those two spaces for Wallace for over 25 years and slip 13 or 14 years. And what we did was build the infrastructure and then start the conversations, we'll start the conversations and then try and convince people to make their data available. So through slip, I think we've got almost 3,000 government data sets. And we're able to, because of how we've developed the platform, you can have open and free data. You can have open data that the agencies charge back. And you can also have data that's not available, that's, I guess, locked down data, which agencies can look at but the public can't look at. And we've been able to accommodate all of those things. But have we got all of the data? So no, we haven't. Our government has an open data policy and we have a location information strategy signed off by Cabinet, but there's no mandate. So every data set that we get available through slip is much relationship building, conversation, giving confidence that the data's going to be safe. One of the things we found with our agencies is when you ask them why they won't share their data, they say because our data set's not good enough. And then you say to them, are you making decisions based on your data? And they say, oh, yes, we're doing that. And you go, OK. So that's interesting. I guess the other thing that I see in WA, we're coming off the back of a large mining boom. There's been a lot of money in the economy. We don't have that. Our property market is the lowest it's been since the 80s. We would be in serious trouble if we had not disrupted ourselves. And what I'm seeing in government agencies, there's been massive cuts across the board to funding. And all of a sudden, people who didn't want to share data or wanted to have duplicate services are now coming and saying, you know how five years ago you said, I could have, you know, I didn't need my 50 staff, you could provide the service. Do you want to have that conversation? So for us, as things get tighter, the opportunity actually increases. So, you know, I'm hoping that some of the people who've had this bastion of staff that they've kept hold of are now going, we actually can't afford to duplicate services. So I think out of adversity comes opportunity if you're ready to take it. But it's a lot of relationship building and it's very, very time consuming. And you just got to keep at it because it's, you know, for the benefit of our citizens and our shareholder, it's the right thing to do. Hi, Peter Rabli again from a media network. Thank you all for your presentation. It's a question for all three of you and perhaps Elizabeth, if you would start. As you went through the conversion process, how big a problem was fraud both in the records and with staff and how did you deal with it? And is it an ongoing problem or have you largely seen that dissipate? Thank you. Okay, for us, fraud was a problem in the registry. Missing documents, documents torn out of the big books. Any of you know what that registry looks like? And I think one of the reasons with fraud is because things took so long to be done that people paid people to get to out there matters quickly. We, because of the conversion we have done and we know have all the documents scanned and we have more security of data and we put in more secure systems and because we're still on a paper-based system, we put in watermarks and the documents, et cetera. It is made a little bit more difficult for people to make their own titles because people did that. Doesn't make sense tearing it out of the book anymore because you don't see the book when you come into our offices.  So that has improved quite a bit. There's no need to pay anybody to get out your documents because you can pay us and get it in one day or you can wait two days and get it or you can wait a normal time, which is five days. So there's a big improvement in turnaround time, has assisted the whole matter for the reduced drastically. In Ontario before the conversion process, the public would come to registry offices and could easily access a title book so they could take it out. So they wanted to rule out the mortgage or that was a potential. I don't think it was viewed as prevalent when a fraud affected an older homeowner that got a lot of attention, but it wasn't prevalent.  But as the records became automated, they became secure and the government saw an opportunity to enhance that through the supporting processes. And in the mid-2000s enacted legislation that required lawyers to register transfers of property. They had to verify identity so that was part of their function under their practice procedures. Lawyers were not allowed to act on both sides of a transaction unless they're in Northern Ontario where the nearest lawyer was 1,000 miles away. So there were a number of things that could be actually put in place and enabled by the electronification of the processes and systems. So it still happens, you still hear about it, but I would say it's a more secure system and process today. But occasionally people, they want to set out to do it, they may find a way. Yeah, I think similar for us, it certainly wasn't prevalent, but the work through e-convancing and now automated land registry, the e-convancing work has been done with all the registrars, the title registrars actually agreeing that e-convancing is the way forward and one of the reasons for that is the security that it gives. And so our new land registry that we've developed to fit with that, it's certainly our belief and our registrars believe that the more you automate and go to an electronic model, the more secure it is. But I agree with Elgin in as much as when people want to fraud, they'll try and find a way, but we're very aware. We had a fraud a few years ago with some people copying documents and going through Africa where then someone was away on holidays and that got a lot of media attention and certainly things like verification of identity and other things have been tightened since then. So it's not something that happens a lot, but we are, once is too often. So we're acutely aware, but really the move to electronic convancing and electronic register actually decreases the ability for fraud. Two more questions. Hands up. Actually three, we'll go one here and then the lady and then the gentleman in the back. Greenville Bonds University of Florida. I'd like to come back to the idea of disruption which you raised. It seems like most of you experienced not only disruptive technology, but disruptive economies, disruptive institutional factors and it seems like that's not gonna go away, particularly the technology side. And so I'd like to ask each of you to perhaps identify your top three factors that you think provide resilience to land registration systems. Resilience to the system or resilience? Do you mean the whole, the, right, okay. In the face of disruptive change, I guess. So when I think about something like blockchain, I go back to the Torrin system where what's really important is the underpinning of that government guarantee of title and the integrity of it. And so that, as a disruptor, it's gotta still support that, that somebody can't just start a land registry in our context anyways and say this is where you're gonna come now because it lacks that government underpinning and integrity of that guaranteed title, which is why people are prepared to secure money against property. Yeah, look, I think one of the things that's really important to the resilience, the whole system and the organizations is I've come back to the people, but it's really important that you spend, that we spend the time changing our culture and getting our culture ready for that because I agree disruption is everywhere and it's not going away. So a few years ago when I spoke to our staff and someone put their hand up and said, but we're change fatigue, we've had all this change and there's more change, what are you gonna do about it? And I said at the time, if you're change fatigue now, you probably need to get another job. And that's okay, it's actually okay for people to not be comfortable where they are, but they need to make a choice to leave them. So in my most recent rounds of staff talks where people are getting up in the morning and dragging themselves into work and saying I'm going to that place again, don't come, it really is that simple. It's a valid, it's absolutely a valid choice. Work somewhere where you can add value and that fits your values. And if that's not us, that's cool. There's plenty of other places that are. So the power of your people and what you can achieve is at the end of the day people, you can have all the technology in the world and you have governments and boards and but the people on the ground are the ones that give the customer service and make the change. So I would say don't underestimate the value of investing in your people and recognise the time that it takes to do it. But disruption is a, it's just here and there's not an industry that you can look at to go, how could this be more efficient? And as a personal plea, if anyone's got any great ideas about fixing how you get on an airplane in a quicker way, then I stand in those queues and I think, my God, where is the disruption when you need it? For Jamaica, like Canada and Western Australia, we're also on the touring system so we have that very secure base in terms of our title. I agree with Jordi that people is really the problem because you could do everything but if your persons aren't properly trained, if they don't know how to speak to the customer, if they don't know how to calm down that customer who comes in, then disruption will continue. So we regularly put our staff, especially frontline staff, back into training as to how to deal with the customers because there's always that one customer who will push the staff over the line so we try and make sure that they are prepared from a technical point or a legal point so that they can answer the questions and be calm. Hello, Pacific Forum CSIS, this is related to the question I was asked earlier about fraud. As we digitize more of the property information, it opens a new area of concern and that is cyber attack which is much beyond the fraud. So as we talk about, when we usually think about cyber attack we think of infrastructure and then we think of enormous chaos that we'll create but if property information is also the target of something like that then that would also be a huge disruption to the economy and many areas. So how much of the mindset and the process of security were involved in the creation of the digitization process as well as currently ongoing. And I just wanna throw in one example. Within the United States, the OPM Office of Personnel Management held all kinds of personnel information and they were stolen and massive, massive theft. And in general that office is not in the mindset of security wasn't present but they held the data. So I'm just wondering if you can talk about that aspect. Yeah, I can start. Certainly we are in the mindset that it's really important and it needs to be secure. So a couple of things. One is when we developed our new registry service and it was cloud-based and we had quite a lot of questions come from people about the security of the cloud and our argument would be if it's in the cloud it's actually more secure than if it's in a data center somewhere which has a single point of failure whereas with cloud we have seamless backup so if something went wrong at one area you can move over. I guess the other thing is to, you know, cyber security is an ongoing issue and the soon issue fix one whole, you know, someone clever and smarter goes through another but we've made sure we've had independent verification. We actually have one of the worlds leading cyber security areas at one of our universities so we've had independent verification as we built our system every few months, come and test. You do everything you need to do. It's absolutely front of mind. Will that mean that we're never impacted? Possibly not, but certainly we recognize what we hold and the importance of it. So I think in a modern digital mobile world you have to weigh up the pros and cons. So in our, I mentioned that we have performance standards that are around data integrity, security, availability and ultimately we lose the company. We lose the contract if that happens. So we do take it very seriously. I would say it's proportionally in terms of increases in investment over the last 10 years, security would be the highest growth in terms of the required investment just because of how technology is evolving and we do run data centers but they run hot hot, they're dual, you've got backups. We can duplicate if everything was wiped out, we could still bring it back within a day's worth of the records and do that within 24 hours. We run ethical hacking so we hire somebody to try to hack our systems and we're audited by government regularly and thoroughly. So it is a very, very high priority. It's also a high priority for us. We actually back up outside of Jamaica. So if anything goes wrong we can pull back down our data and interestingly about two weeks ago we were advised that there were threats on our system so we actually locked down everything for about two or three days until it could sort out what was the problem. This is a concern for us because we realize the value of the data that we have and we also realize that going electronic titling is going to put us on the more pressure to ensure that whatever systems we put in place it can stand the scrutiny because I think people don't want to know that their data is out there. They want to be sure that it is in a secure location so it's something that we take very seriously. Moving forward it will increase in terms of our activities in that area. And then there's a question in the back. I'm Michael Brown with the Chemonics International. My question was just asked and it was responded to but one follow-on to piggyback on that is stakeholder perceptions about cyber security. Is this very much a concern in your three countries and thinking of the developing world? Would you imagine that cyber security would be a bigger issue in say African countries or Asian countries than it is in Northern countries and maybe Jamaica might be a good place to start with that. But just how big an issue is cyber security to the various stakeholders that have to buy into electronic registries? Cyber security is a big issue for us. Lawyers are especially very, very concerned that the whole aspect of the whole protection of the data is the forefront of all minds. But as I said previously, it is something that is fairly new for us. We have always stored all data outside of Jamaica because we are subject to natural disasters. And cyber threats are, they occur. So we just need to be aware of what it is we're looking for and to ensure that our staff is also aware that certain things they can do can bring the threats into our agency. So we're working on it. I think it's changed over time. The perception certainly in the early days when computers were relatively new and lawyers didn't think you could hack into a typewriter. So it's evolved though. And I think today it's kind of a table stakes. They expect that security people will get a health card online. They'll get driver's licenses online. So there's an expectation around the privacy aspect of the data. But I think there's a general concern around the ability to hack and hold data hostage or corrupt data. But that would be no different in this environment for other government databases as well in my view. And so that's why you do take it seriously. My only point would be that I actually think there's an opportunity for developing companies to learn from the mistakes we've made and to leapfrog a whole lot of the processes and systems and things that we've been through. So I think security is probably one of those. But while people expect their data to be secure, they also expect to get the service and to get their driver's license online and to do everything online. So it's a balance. It is absolutely forefront. I mean, you know, on the number one thing on what we've ever, our registry is backed by the state. So if things get, if fraud happens, the state pays.  If I've got, if my fraud got fraud numbers go up, I can have the best set of figures on everything else and why making a difference. I want to, a lot of my questions have been asked. They just want to put a question to Elderman and Jody. As your, we've talked a lot about people and culture. And we've also talked about technology. Technology is not a panacea, but it's, as we're seeing in this conversation, you can't get away from it. And you're both heading into new geographies, Manitoba, New South Wales, to take your solution and wrap it up. And I'm just curious how you're thinking about that. You know, what technologies you might be deploying of your own or others and just sort of getting, you know, reading these cases, one struck by the amount of time and effort it takes. And now, when we assume you have a mandate to move quickly, so how are you thinking about that and what the policies are going to be a part of it? Certainly, I think the world's changed from what we'll call the pioneer days of electronic plan registry. In Manitoba, I mean, we assumed operations two years ago. They were partially down the continuum on electronification, but within two years, we're delivering electronic conveyancing. And actually, the system looks different than it does in Ontario. And that's because the process and the way records are managed is different. So it's got to be able to accommodate that. So there are elements underpinning that are just common to every registry system that we can use from Ontario when we are. But when it comes to the, I'll call it the operational layer, the processing layer, and the document construct for lawyers, that looks different and that has to be customized. But the technology lends itself to be able to do that much more quickly and be much more versatile today. Well, look, and from our perspective, I guess, Advara is the tech partner of the New South Wales Consortium. So it's very early days and I can't actually tell you what will be expected, but I can make some observations, I guess. Our new land registry system, which Advara has a license to, we know is what adds value to Advara and why we were included in the consortium. So it's not a great leap to go, well, they'll look to implement that system. For us, we think that will be, you know, both an interesting journey. We've got a bit of a benefit from the rest of the world because we have a national electronic conveyancing system. It means that a whole lot of the lining up, lining the ducts up at the front end has already happened. So we've developed our system. We've tried to, even when talking to our own people and what they wanted to create it as vanilla as we could, so that we didn't need to do a lot of modification and customization. So we're very confident that we're a very good fit for New South Wales and how that project goes will be a real, I guess, testament of how we can roll out to other jurisdictions. But just as a bit of a historical fact, our own old system, the Western Australian system that we've just transitioned off, was actually the New South Wales system. So we know that underpinning particularly in New South Wales, we have a lot of common elements. So, but it's still gonna be an interesting challenge, but that's what the system was developed for. It was multi-tenanted for a reason and that meant that we had to change our own thinking and our own business processes. So we didn't just turn into a system, things that we were doing that actually weren't best practice, so we were very challenging right from the beginning on our own assumptions. I think the other thing to keep in mind is that land registry is part, it might be the beginning and the end of a real estate transaction, but there are a lot of different inputs and there's a lot of different stakeholders. There's a lot of different systems that I think the opportunity to connect better and more efficiently with other parts of the real estate chain, the realtors, the banks, the lawyers themselves in terms of the other functions they have to do to conduct a land registration transaction. So that's the next evolution that we're seeing is where you're actually interfacing multiple levels and it's part of a hub of coming in and being able to do a real estate transaction between a realtor and a lawyer and a bank all in one place. That unfortunately, I think we are out of time. So lunch is outside, thank you all for your attention and join me in giving a round of applause to the panel. Thank you.


Myself Rohini Mirgu from Vulture Institute of Technology talking about ARM core resistors. Learning outcome at the end of this video you will be able to explain ARM core resistors explain CPSR resistor in detail. So, ARM core data flow model video is already in that video already the resistors we have discussed. So if you have gone through that video can you recall how many number of resistors are there in ARM core architecture. You can thank and write the answer. Thank you I hope you have written the answer. This is the ARM core data flow model in that I discussed about the resistor file there are total 16 resistors that we have already discussed and these resistors are named from R0 to R15 each resistor is 32 bit wide. So we are talking in detail about the resistors in this video. So active resistors there are total 15 user resistors plus PC, PC is the program counter which are the 15 user resistors these are R0 to R15 these are available to the programmer from R0 to R15. In this R0 to R14 are the general purpose resistors R15 is a program counter. The resistors R13, R14 and R15 have given a different color which indicates that these are the special function resistors along with that one more resistor which is CPSR. These CPSR and SPSR these are the two program status resistors and in these resistors this resistor which is called as CPSR which indicates current program status resistor. Resistors as we have discussed R0 to R12 are general purpose resistors what for they are used they are used for data processing. There are three resistors which are used for special function that is R13, R14 and R15. R13 is a stack pointer SP we have seen in the previous diagram this is the SP R13. So this SP points to the special area of memory which is called stack. Stack is nothing but the area of memory used to hold the data that will be retrieved soon. The stack pointer can refer to one of these what is that main stack pointer MSP or process stack pointer PSP. Along with that there is R14 which is link resistor what it does it holds the return address for branch and link instructions R15 is a program counter it is used to control the sequencing and execution of instructions and why it is called as a program counter because it holds the address of next instruction to be fetched by the processor resistor. So ARM core uses CPSR for what for monitoring and control of internal operations. So for that CPSR is useful, CPSR is divided into four fields each field is of 8 bit 1. So each field that means out of these four fields the first field is flag, second field is a status field, third is the extension field and lastly the control field. So these are the four fields in CPSR. In the extension and status fields these are not used and these are reserved for future use. So the programmer cannot use this extension and status fields whereas control field. Control field is again containing the processor mode, state field and interrupt mask bits. The processor state we are going to talk much about the processor state in the upcoming video. So in this video I am mostly focusing on the resistors. In the flag field, flag field contains the condition flags. So different condition flags are available we are going to see them in detail. This is the CPSR resistor that we have talked about it is divided into four fields. This way is a flags field, status field, extension field and control field. The flag field contains the flags which are the condition flags NZCV and here control field contains again the different bits like for interrupt mask there are two bits. For state there is one bit for mode there are five bits 0 to 4. So let us look at these different flags as well as the modes and the interrupt mask bits in detail above of the CPSR. Let us look first at the condition flags. In condition flags first bit that we have seen is the N. So N is negative, N equal to 1 indicates it is a negative bit and when it is set when it is equal to 1. So bit 31 of the result has been set indicates a negative number in signed operations. The number of the result obtained is a negative number in a in signed operations. Z is the 0, Z indicates a 0 flag, Z equal to 1 that means if Z is set it indicates that result of operation is 0 and it is used to indicate the equivalent. C is the carry flag, C equal to 1 that means when C is set it indicates that the result of operation causes an unsigned carry. C1 indicates the result of operation is caused an unsigned carry. V equal to 1 this V is overflow it is not indicated as O but it is indicated as V overflow. So when V equal to 1 that means when V is set that indicates the result of operation causes signed overflow. So this is the difference in C and V. C indicates the result of operation has created a carry for unsigned carry whereas V1 indicates result of operation is overflowed and it is a signed overflow. So control bits are interrupt mask bits, there is I and F are the interrupt mask bits. If I is set it indicates that the interrupt request is disabled. There are two types of interrupt request in ARM core, fast interrupt request and interrupt request. So I equal to 1 indicates this disables the interrupt request when F, F bit is set it indicates disables the fast interrupt request. So based on I and F we can enable or disable the interrupts. Another bit after interrupt mask in the control field is processor state. In processor state there is a single bit T that T indicates thumb. When T equal to 0 it indicates that the processor is in the ARM state. When T equal to 1 indicates thumb state. Now in the control bits only there are the five bits which indicates the processor modes. The five bits from 0 to 4 indicates the different processor modes. These are the different modes abort, fast interrupt request, interrupt request, supervisor, system, undefined and user. All these modes can be identified based on different bit patterns in the mode field 0 to 4 of the CPSR. Then coming back to the resistors, when I am talking about the resistors already as I said there are only 16 resistors R0 to R15 and one CPSR resistor total 37 resistors. Now you can say what is this conflict? So I want to resolve the conflict here actually in active mode there are only the 16 resistors which are active along with CPSR. But even I change the mode in that case the number of resistors are going to vary the different resistors will be there. So if I count all those resistors those are coming to be 37. So out of 37 resistors 20 resistors are hidden at different times and these resistors are called as banked resistors. So remember the hidden resistors which are called banked resistors such resistors are 20 so total resistors are coming to be 37 and they are available only when the processor is in a particular mode. Which resistors are available in particular mode? Banked resistors otherwise the active resistors are available in user mode. Now resistors set which I said 37 resistors how the count come 37? 30 general purpose resistors considering in all different modes one dedicated program counter one dedicated CPSR current program status resistor and 5 dedicated SPSR saved program status resistors. This is the one diagram which I have already shown to you in which the user mode resistors there are 16 resistors and CPSR. When the mode changes like interrupt request mode these two resistors will be there which are banked out and along with one more resistor SPSR. So as I said there are R0 to R12 are the resistors and then one dedicated CPSR, 5 SPSR and one more we have said one dedicated program counter that you can see that program counter is not banked out in any case as well as CPSR is as it is it is not banked out and these resistors are also there. These are the references used for preparing this video. The upcoming video the next video will be based on processor modes and states. Thank you.


This is Dave Vellante, and we're here at the MIT Media Lab. I'm here with my current co-host, Charlie Senate with the Global Post. Charlie, great to be working with you. And Joseph Nye is here. He is the University Distinguished Service Professor at the Harvard Kennedy School. Joe, welcome to theCUBE. Thanks for coming on. Thank you for having me. So this is an event that is up your recent, certainly recent alley, the sort of gap in governance and cyber space, the pace of cyber space outgrowing, really international relations ability to keep up. And you gave a talk this morning, sort of giving some parallels with nuclear proliferation. So where are we in terms of cyber space? Is it, I mean, we love sports analogies here on theCUBE, but is it, we're past the first inning, but we're certainly not into the late stages of the game, are we? We're probably on the 10 yard line. Ours. And basically, the analogy I like to use is when the world finds a totally new technology, let's say nuclear in 1945, something that's transformative technology, takes a long term to learn how to cope with it, both domestically, but also even more difficult internationally. So if you look back on nuclear, you know, Hiroshima is 1945, you don't get the first international agreement, the limited test pan treaty until 1963 and the nuclear non-proliferation treaty in 1968. So basically you're talking two decades before we learn how to cooperate internationally. And the internet, some people say, well, it's an equally transformative technology, totally different type of technology, big impact on people and how we organize ourselves. But people say it's a totally different technology and it is totally different. But what's the same is that when we cope with a new technology, how do we learn? I mean, how do we develop the habits of international cooperation? And if it took two decades to learn in nuclear, then where are we with cyber? And if you think of cyber as basically taking off, so to speak, in the late 90s, after the World Wide Web makes the internet commercially usable, you see a curve of use in the late 90s is going up exponentially. So you can argue that in that sense, cyber is only basically 20 years or so. And so we're at about the same point that we were in nuclear. So when you look at the state of nuclear in terms of, let's say, what happened after the breakup of the USSR and the increased complexity and threat matrix that now exists in the world, it's scary to think about what's in store from the standpoint of cyberspace. Now Charlie said, well, think about the positives, Dave, but still, I wonder if you can comment on that. Well, the big difference that I think is in nuclear, while we do worry about non-state actors, terrorists getting old nuclear weapons, it's a pretty complex technology for terrorists or individuals to access. Cyber's not, I mean, cyber is basically any 12 year old with a computer, I mean, I'm thinking of my grandchildren, but there's so many ways in which an individual can participate at such low costs. There was this great cartoon in the Yorker 20 years ago about two dogs in front of a computer screen and one dog looks at the other and says, don't worry on the internet, nobody knows your dog. Well, basically if the lights go out in New England, we would know it probably wasn't a dog, but you wouldn't know whether it was a government or whether it was an individual hacker. So in that sense, the threat is perhaps maybe less horrific with an individual incident, but certainly more potentially insidious. Yeah, the threat is very real and so real in fact that at Global Post we've experienced an attack if we can use that language by the Syrian electronic army, which we think may have been directly connected to pretty aggressive coverage that we've done inside Syria. It was a very brave and courageous reporting. The media is certainly part of the equation here in the sense that the media can be vulnerable. The media can play a great role in helping us understand this equation, the need for better governance. But one thing I was really struck by in your opening remarks was your comment that the language needs to be toned down, the rhetoric of cyber war, cyber attack, cyber threat. Certainly we felt very much attacked, but are we overdoing the language? Are we over-bloating it? And what's the peril in doing that? I think that, yes, we are over stating things. I mean, and the peril of that is that we wind up not thinking clearly. We hype the problem. The cyber attacks, I mean, if you talk about any effort to intrude into a system, you know, there are tens of thousands of cyber attacks every day and it's more than that. And, you know, as long as we realize that an attack isn't like being mugged in the street, some of them are, some of them are worse, some of them are much less. It's like knocking on a door to see anybody's there.  Cyber war, which has been bandied about, I think we should restrict it to only things where there's the equivalent of a kinetic or real world physical effects that we would call war in the real world. Otherwise, you wind up with cyber wars like the war between the sexes or the war on poverty or so forth. And once you use a term that broadly, you devalue it because it covers everything and therefore you can't make useful distinctions. Joe, you've always been someone who has helped us frame major issues, coining phrases like soft power, hard power, and helping us really think through how we're going to think about the future of warfare. How concerned are you about the vulnerability of the United States to cyber threats? And are we really entering a new phase of the way we need to think through the security for our country? Well, I think there are real problems. I don't mean to be little bit, but I do think that exaggerating them doesn't make this thing clearly. The estimates, these are off the top of the head, estimates that about 80% of the threats that are faced could be cleaned up by better cyber hygiene. I mean, by basically this low-hanging fruit. We get rid of a lot of the things that are nuisances, creating frameworks for botnets and so forth by better cyber hygiene. And that would allow us to focus on the things that are really more important. One is the loss of intellectual property through cyber espionage. That's, I think, a real and costly in our society. Cyber crime is also very costly to our society. There are a variety of estimates of how much it costs each year, but none of them are low. And then there is the prospect of cyber war. In other words, if you imagine you did get into a conflict with another country and they decided they wanted to use cyber to deprive our military of its ability to use network systems, so many of our weapons systems now depend on cyber connectivity, or if they decided to attack our infrastructure. And that could be another country, or as I said a minute ago, my little joke about the dogs. It could also be terrorist groups. It could be activist groups of different sorts. Is this already underway? Would you say that the presumed alleged event in which Israel is alleged to have actually gone after Iran and some of its nuclear capability through a cyber attack, are we already seeing this era and was that sort of the opening of it? Stuxnet, even. Well, Stuxnet, which is often attributed in the press to the US and Israel, was clearly an act in which damage was done physical objects, a thousand centrifuges in an across the border in another country. Is that war or not? We would argue it's sabotage of war, but that you reserve the word war for something that's more serious, but I suppose if you're an Iranian it might look like war to you. So we, but what's interesting is that we haven't seen that many such things. People will talk to the denial service attacks in Estonia or Georgia as examples of cyber war. It's a bit stretching. I mean, somebody said it's better to think of them as cyber riots, that you're recruiting a lot of computers to deluge another country's computer systems, but that it's, it has a full-scale war. It's a bit, it's, it's, the fact that we haven't seen them is that because the technological capabilities may be out there, the organization structures may not be there, or is it, is it perhaps that we're still in pre-season, the preparations are going, that's the nature of security in 21st centuries. You don't actually know when the threat is embedded. Well, I think it's, I think that things will get worse, but I think, and certainly the technological capabilities for denial service attacks are there, and denial service attacks happen all the time, and they're measures that are taken against it. I guess my point was that I don't think a distributed denial service attack is really a war, cause it's a, it's a riot of disruption or something, but you know, I think war is too strong for that term for it. On the question of could the infrastructure be sabotaged in ways that could be damaging, well Stuxnet shows that it's possible. Do you feel like Stuxnet was sort of potentially opening Pandora's Box, showing people the way, a playbook? Well, some people believe that it did allow others, actors who we wouldn't have less confidence into, to do things which they might not otherwise have been able to do. I think the, you know, the question of why don't, why haven't we seen more of it, it has something to do with technology. It's also something like Stuxnet was beyond the aptitude just the ordinary hacker. I mean you required a large amount of human intelligence by a large intelligence service, and a lot of preparation that went into it, which was beyond the realm of the sort of group of kids who get together and say let's go and stop the electricity someplace. So potentially state sponsored, but so, is that what we can expect going forward, is that it's likely that you have to have resources of a government behind you, or do you see potentially, I mean, look at Bitcoin, started by, you know, Stetson will be a bunch of smart guys. I know, I mean the point is that the directions of technology are making a lot of this easier, and I think individuals can play roles. The other point is that if you think of criminal groups, they are pretty sophisticated technology and they can recruit a lot of money. One of the questions for the future is, suppose that terrorist groups or activist groups that wanna cause harm hire a criminal group, or pay them for some of their innovations of technology, and they wanna, we've already seen some of this, where you blackmail a company by saying you're not gonna be able to contact your customers for such and such a time, or if you want to get access to your computers, which we have now encrypted, you have to pay this amount of money into this account, somewhere at Kazakhstan or whatever. So I mean that sort of thing is already happening. Question is what happens if a future al-Qaeda decides to buy that capacity from a criminal group? And you can do this on the internet. I think it was Fadi Shahadi this morning said I'm kind of tired of playing defense, and I took that to me that the security has traditionally been very reactive, but my question is, is that really the case? I mean it seems as though for instance the NSA with Prism is being proactive, I mean certainly reacting to 9-11, but taking proactive measures, is the community being more proactive and going more on the offense that the average person doesn't see? Well I think NSA would probably say that what it does in surveillance is defense, not offense. What's done by intelligence communities that may have been behind the Stuxnet, that would be defined as offense, I mean if you are trying to find ways to anticipate an attack, whether it be a terrorist attack in the kinetic world, or whether it be a cyber attack on other systems in the cyber world, that type of surveillance I think would be thought of as defense. So Snowden has implied anyway that he's got more information that he can potentially leak. In your view, is that a viable bargaining chit should the US entertain such offers because of that potential threat, or in your view, no way? I don't know how much, I mean I simply factually don't know how much is still left in Snowden's treasure trove. I mean I think if there's a lot left in his treasure trove and we could get it back and be assured that it wasn't copied or mirrored in third systems, I might just as a practical bargaining point, listen. Listen, yeah. It was a big gift, but frankly it depends on the facts. Okay, well Joe, thanks very much, I really appreciate your perspectives and the good work that you do in this community and appreciate you coming on theCUBE. Well thank you, it's my pleasure. I keep it right there everybody, we'll be right back, this is theCUBE, we're live. MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, right back.


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I don't know I don't think we have any more might have we may have one box like that richard probably throw into a mixer Take disco out of nobie raptors of 25 That'll do it. I look pretty good break pretty solid pretty solid pretty solid Like a form of matter or a state of matter, I guess Yes, of course, uh, did it try to have a good break? Uh, yeah, he got a maggot's car. It's yeah Uh, go to 10 Rollins Melton Cole, Anthony autos of nemard mullen Chandler Lofton Murphy Jalen Duren Jalen brunson moose de abate christian brown Pink disco rated ricky for the pistons was jalen durin to 25 Got red palo to 75 for the magic and ready rookie auto magic palo ben carol Thanks again everybody on to some impeccable