QuickBooks Online 2023 Expense and Vendors Reports Get ready to start moving on up with QuickBooks Online We're going to be using the free QuickBooks Online Test Drive Searching in our online search engine for QuickBooks Online Test Drive Selecting the option that has Intuit.com and the URL into it Being the owner of QuickBooks We're going to be using the United States version of the software to verify that we're not a robot Support Accounting Instruction by clicking the link below Giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website Broken out by category, further broken out by course Each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion Making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a U2 page We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems PDF files and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable So once again click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it Zooming in by holding down control up on the scroll wheel Currently at 125% on the zoom in in the cog dropdown We note that we're in the account view as opposed to the business view We'll try to toggle back and forth between the two views so you can see where stuff's located in each of them Right clicking on the tab up top in order to duplicate it as we do every time Right clicking the duplicate tab to duplicate it once again Back to the tab to the middle as the tab to the right is thinking and then reports on the left We're going to pick up the balance sheet And then as that's thinking as that's thinking Going to the tab to the right reports on the left Open up the P to the L the profit the loss the income statement Close up the hamburger otherwise known as the hamburger And range to the change up top from 010122 tab 123122 tab run it to refresh it and then tab it to the left to the middle and close the boogie Scroll up changing the range again from 010122 tab 123122 tab run it And there's the setup process we do every time We just get nice and smooth with the setup process It gets us just right into the flow of things here Now we're going to be looking at some other reports that are going to be related to The major financial statement reports The two that we opened here the balance sheet and the income statement So let's go to the tab to the right and then right click on it and duplicate one more time So we can go into other reports down here And we're going to go to the reports on the left hand side Close the hamburger scroll down just a bit I'm at 17150 And then let's move on down to the section of interest for us this time Which is going to be the expense and vendors section So we'll go through some of the reports down here Obviously we're talking about expenses Those are going to be income statement line items So we would expect those reports to give us more detail about The expenses on the income statement vendors being who we purchase from So that could be at the expense side the balance sheet side would be accounts payable The first report is a 1099 transaction detail report Now the 1099 reports are kind of special in that we have that added wrinkle That added complexity within the accounting system of taxes So they're going to be a reporting requirement type of report So that we can report certain payments made to certain vendors We'll talk more about that in its own section possibly in a following presentation Then we've got the check detail report So when we think about the check form those are going to be forms that are decreasing The checking account we would think oftentimes the other side of that transaction Would be the expenses which is why we would have it down here in the expense area Let's open that one up I'm going to do so by right clicking on it and open in a new tab And go to the tab to the right and check it out I'm going to close the hamburger, scroll up to the range change or range change 010122 tab, 123122 tab and run it to refresh it So here we have basically the detail of the report And so we've got the date, we've got the transaction type The thing that was entered in order to record the decrease in essence of the checking account The number, the name Notice what type of forms we have here on the decreases They're not all just check forms The check form is the broad encompassing form that you can think of As the one being used to decrease the checking account And then you have other forms that also kind of give you more information Just because of the form type being used In other words, the bill payment form is a check type form But I know the other side went to the accounts payable And expense form is in essence a check form in that it decreases the checking account But it doesn't have a check number to it The sales tax payment is in essence a check form in that it decreases the checking account But I know that it's a special one that's paying off the sales tax And we're using the sales tax widget to do that Expense form, checks forms, bill forms Those are going to be the standard forms that we will see Then we've got the name, we've got the memo, we've got the clear, we've got the amount This is a type of report that you might apply filtering options to So you might say I'm going to look at the decreases here in general And then possibly you customize and it would be common to filter by type here So then we might go up top and say I'm going to filter possibly by transaction type And instead of just looking at all the decrease type forms I can go in here and look at maybe just the paychecks Or let's take a look at the bill payment checks And filter in that way So that's a common way that we might filter this kind of report Now note that you can get the similar kind of detail for this report By going to the first tab or to our balance sheet tab I mean And go into our checking account and we see the transaction detail report here So the transaction detail, these are all the transactions Increases and decreases to the checking account And then you could try to filter this one by the items that are going to decrease the checking account So in other words I could customize this report And go down to the filtering options and choose the transaction type And then I can select the transactions that are decreases to the checking account So I might not pick all of them here but just to get an idea we've got the check Of course it's a decrease to the checking account type of form The bill payment, a paycheck type of form would be a decrease to the checking account I'm going to look for that expense form down here just to pick it up And then so let's just run those for example So now we've got the types of forms that are decreases to the checking account Now note that having multiple forms here that are decreases to the checking account Can be nice and is nice because it gives us more information by just looking at the transaction type However it also comes with problems as well because note If I'm looking to run a report and filter it by transaction type That decreases the checking account I can't pick just one thing which would be a check type of form Instead I have to pick all these different items to make sure I'm picking up all the different items That could be used to make a decrease to the checking account So there's pros and cons of that I'm going to go back, go back to the tab to the right Let's close this out and open the next one which is expense by vendor summary Let's open that one up, open it on the right I'm going to do a range change up top, close the hand boogie Range change 010122 tab, 123122 tab and run it So now we've got our expenses by vendor So if I scroll down we come out to the 819859 We would expect this to give us more detail on the income statement line items I'm going to collapse the income statement line items for expenses And so we can see like the subtotals So we have here our major expense category Which is 5203.31 plus cost of goods sold is a type of expense 405 Plus the other expenses at the bottom is the 2916 Doesn't exactly tie out to what we have over here Note that often there could be differences if we're doing data input into the system that isn't properly assigning out A vendor for example when we enter the transactions So this is similar to what we saw with the sales sub ledger reports For example if I go to the balance sheet you'll recall when we saw the sub ledgers for accounts receivable Breaking out the accounts receivable by customer it tied in exactly That's because QuickBooks kind of forces us every time we do something to accounts receivable To give it the information it needs the customers to make a sub ledger that ties out exactly It doesn't force us to do that with the income statement accounts such as the expenses here So let's go to the income statement whenever I post something to an expense account If I don't add a vendor QuickBooks is not going to deny me from being able to record the transaction So in other words if I hit the plus button up top When we enter transactions that usually have an expense related to them They're an expense form a check form a bill form Now especially when you're using bank feeds you're typically going to have expense forms that come through And you can possibly enter the expense form by just adding a category and not including a name A vendor if you do that then you're not going to have the vendor sub ledgers that will tie out properly However if every time you add a new transaction you enter all of your expenses using an expense form Possibly even with the use of the bank feeds and you make sure that you copy over the vendor Then you'll get that added detail of the vendor sub ledger reports that you can generate over here And you can start to see a nice report on who you're paying And this is another report that you can generate a nice chart from You can imagine making a pie chart from this exporting this data to Excel for example Make a pie chart, make a bar chart and so on from it So I'm going to close that out Then we've got the open purchase orders Now the purchase orders represent those items that we've requested but have not yet received So if I hit the plus button up top Note that on the vendor cycle We've got the when we buy the inventory Then we might just enter a bill or pay for the inventory But we might be able to order the inventory first when we order the inventory Let's say we're purchasing something like from China is going to manufacture it and ship it over to us Then we might be able to request them to ship it first without us paying for it And then pay it when we get it In that case we're tracking the purchase order So you've got reports to track the purchase order which are nice But oftentimes you're going to be using the internal tracking methods on the left hand side over here In practice and you'll be in the sales area And you possibly are using the sales items here And possibly tracking your purchase orders Thusly looking for actually I'm on the vendor side, not on the sales side Expenses side of things is what we're on And then we're in the expense up top And then you can filter say by the transaction type of the purchase order And possibly look for those that are open types of purchase orders And that's how you might be dealing with it in practice So these are reports that you can run that get similar information But in practice you'll probably be using the internal documentation to track the purchase orders So open purchase order detail You've got the detail report purchased by product or service items I'm going to right click on this Open this in a new tab And if I scroll to the right Let's close the hamburger Scroll up range change<PHONE_NUMBER>22 and run it So now we've got our purchases by the items that we purchased here So notice this adds up to the total of 156875 That doesn't tie out to like the expense line item On the income statement If I go over to the income statement It doesn't tie out to why did the date change<PHONE_NUMBER>22 Run it And then I'll close this up I'll close this up So that's not going to tie out to the expense item here Because we're talking now about the purchases that we made Generally for inventory items So the inventory items when we purchased them You would think would be increasing actually The inventory account on the balance sheet And then when we sell them They're going to be included in the cost of goods sold On the income statement on the sales side of things Also just a quick note on the expenses down here Remember that when you enter the expenses We have a similar kind of thing as with the income line items Sometimes when people enter income accounts They have a tendency to want to have a different income account by customer And then have a different income account by every service item that they sell You don't typically want to do that We want to have general categories of the things we sell And then usually have the sub ledger That can be breaking out income by customer or item The expenses, you could have a similar kind of thing Where people have a tendency to want to enter expense accounts By who they sold to Like I bought something from Verizon I paid Verizon No, we're usually going to put it into the telephone company A list of what we sold And then we could hopefully have a sub ledger once again Breaking out the data by who we paid If we properly entered all the data into the system Adding that information as we did so Being the vendor when we enter expense form, checks forms and so on Okay, so that's going to be that report And that'll typically be involved if we buy, say inventory Could be useful in that event Purchase by vendor details So now you've got the purchases that were made by vendor With the detail So this is purchased by product service detail And now we got purchased by vendor detail Okay, close up the handbook 010122 tab 123122 And run it So now you've got your purchases by who you purchased from On the detail Okay, let's close that back out That's going to be a similar to this report When we're talking purchases It looks like we're purchasing the inventory items We're not talking like normal expense items That we're using to decrease the checking account Then we got the transaction list by vendor So let's open that up Transaction list We're going to close up the handbook Do the range change from 010122 to 123122 And run it So now we've got the transactions by vendor These are the people that we paid For goods and services used in the business And then the detail within it So this could be a useful report If you want to see all of them in one place Often times you might be concentrating in on One particular vendor And looking at the detail with them Or contacting a particular vendor, for example In that case you probably wouldn't be using this report But rather be going to the information internally In the expenses side on the vendors And then going into that individual vendor That you're discussing with And looking at, in essence, the detail Within that section is probably what you'd be doing Most of the time So there's that one And then we can close this out And then we've got the vendor contact list This is just going to be a list of vendors And their contact information Which you can imagine could be useful For some internal purposes To get a list of the contact information But it's not really a financial report In that it's not giving the financial data Within the report So those are the general expense and vendor reports If I go back to the first tab Let's just go to the cog up top And switch to the business view Just to see where stuff is located Under this view So obviously we got the get things done page And then we went into the reports Which is in the business overview And in the reports And then we went into the Get paid and pay area Which would be the vendor center And then we went down to the pay area Focusing mainly on the vendor items down here And then those vendor transactions Are in a little different spot They're in bookkeeping transactions And then we're up top On the expenses side of things And that's where we filtered For our purchase orders For the transactions there


Hello. I'm going to talk about how you can make the Internet faster. Specifically, I mean, how can you write fast applications? How can you tune your Linux or BSD servers that host your services? And how can you improve your networks at home or in your space or workplace or whatever? And first we're going to talk about how can you build a better application? But, no, first I'm going to talk about myself. Yeah, I'm an apprentice since 2020 at a Linux distributor. And I like server hosting things. I like to do mostly OS-level things. And I sometimes read RFCs, IETFs, kernel code, et cetera. I am sort of a C novice, I would say, but I just do this and that. Not sure how to describe what I do. And I like to present other people's work. This is not the first time that I've talked at an event about what other people are doing in the world. So, yeah. I haven't written anything specifically here. I'm just going to show you what you can do. And this presentation is under Creative Commons as most talks here. So, writing better applications. If you write a small, let's say, script and you have to interact with a network device that has the rest of the API, for example. You might be doing it in Python because Python is a popular scripting language. And if you do, there's this whole thing where you can do this whole post and a get request, which you hopefully know in HTTP, there's multiple ways to give a server information about what you want. So, if you just follow the documentation of this request library in Python of this module, it will tell you just do request, stop post, and you're doing a request. Nice.  And you have a list of items you want to tell the appliance. In this case, we're adding console ports to a network device. And what we have to do is we have to iterate through a list of devices we need to configure. And so, that means we're doing a lot of put requests, a lot of HTTP requests here. The problem here is that we are doing them separately. For each request that we do, what we need to do is first resolve the DNS of our console, then we have to create a TCP connection, then we have to do a TLS connection because it's encrypted.  I'll put it here twice. That's a mistake. And then you close the connection because in this current application, if you follow the example, all you do is say request post and it will open a connection and close the connection. Why is it a problem?  It takes 30 milliseconds for our round trip, which is, I send a message, I get a reply back and that reply back arrives at me, arrives where I am. And if we just do it this naively, we actually end up doing this eight times, going back and forth. So if this script here, like for example, if I have, let's say, 50 entries and I'm doing this whole loop for 50 entries, I will, that means, theoretically, eight round ships per request. So that's 240 milliseconds. And if that servers on a different continent, it might be even worse. And if we have 50 entries, it can take 12 seconds to run this whole script. And if it's in a different continent, it might be 60 seconds. So obviously, not obviously, but this might annoy us, so we might want to improve a script. And what we can do is reuse the connection where we go through this whole process of setting up our connection and just reuse it. The code change here is that we use this request library from Python and open a session. Add our headers here that we need. This is to turn off TLS verification because it's a self-signed certificate. And then we don't just post with the library, but we post in our session. And what this does is it moves our for loop to this part now so that this whole setup part is now no longer done. So we're reusing our connection. We're keeping it open. So our round trip is only, we only have to do one round trip. Yeah. And that means if we have 50 entries, 30 milliseconds to 50 is, oh, that's 1.5 seconds. If I'm not mistaken, excluding the whole setup phase. It's definitely faster. I'm not faster. So can we do that on a web as well? Yeah. If you're a website developer, what you can do is you might have followed a tutorial that says, hey, let's use a library, something like jQuery or whatever. And they tell you just put this thing in the top of your website into the header part. What you are doing here is you're telling your browser, hey, there's some information about how the website has to be rendered, and you have to get it from this address. If you load a page like this, what happens is we first connect to your website, download the HTML. The browser starts parsing the HTML as it arrives. It says, oh, no, CSS is somewhere else. And it has to connect to the other web server. And as we saw, that might be eight round trips at worst. We have to do a DNS resolve. We have to open a TCP connection. We have to negotiate our TLS because it's a different domain for different web server. Even if it's not a different web server, it's still a different domain. And then we can finally pass the style sheet, and then your browser can start rendering because without the style information, the browser doesn't know how to display your website in a real block. So don't do this. Don't use, put your essential CSS files or JavaScript files into another web server because that usually slows you down. Unless it's in cache. So if you're not a first-time visitor, then it's not. Then it's already in cache. But the thing is, if you think, oh, yeah, but this is, they say this is a CDN. It should load the JavaScript or the CSS faster. Well, the thing is if you, it's not really better because, again, you have to do all this whole stuff to get the resource. And if you need a CDN, by all means, then use a CDN. I mean, put your entire website behind the CDN on a single domain. And then I guess it's faster if you care about international things, international visitors and stuff. And cross-site resource caching is dead. It has been turned off in browsers years ago because of security concerns. So there's a whole argument that, oh, because this other website might be using the same library, it's already cached. That's just not true because browsers don't do that anymore. Externally embedded images are fine, of course. If you have a video or YouTube video or image from another site, that's fine. You can include that. But the difference is that it doesn't block the rendering because your style sheets, like the parts that say this is how my website looks like, they are already processed and then you have just a blank field. That's fine. But this will make your website nicer and faster to use. That's all I have to say about applications. Next, we move on to tuning your servers because some of us like Linux and we host stuff. But first, let's look at how basic inter-technology works again. TCP. TCP is that one protocol that we often use. It's connection oriented. It only works if we build a connection. So we say, hey, I want to connect to you and some we say acknowledged and we open two ports and we can communicate with each other. It detects errors. It asks for retransmissions if packets are lost. It will say, hey, I haven't received this package. I'm expecting this package next. Where is this package? What was the term tamed? TCP uses frames? Data grams? Something. Sorry. But it guarantees a lot of things. It guarantees that the stuff arrives in order. So that means if something was lost along the way and you try to read the data that you expect, it will block the read until you that packet is missing. So it's strictly in order. Which makes sense if you download a single file, but it's also problematic sometimes. And you have to acknowledge packets. You have to, each time you receive something, you have to send an acknowledgement as the receiver. And the sender will send a certain amount of packets which is called the window of a window size and then it waits for the acknowledgement and then it continues with the next window. It is just the window size depending on your connection speed. And one very important thing that TCP does is it employs network congestion avoidance. It does not want to overload your network. If you just blast the data as fast as you can through an interface, we would have a problem because, yeah, I have a gigabit port. But if I am connected to a 20 megabit uplink, I would blast a gigabyte through and most of the data would be dropped by the switch because it says, hey, I'm full. I can't store any more of your packets. I have to drop them. My buffer is full. And I have to clear my buffer slowly. And that just slows networks down because we have a lot of packet loss. So what TCP does is it starts off sending really slowly. And until it notices, oh, there's congestion, it drops the sending rate and tries again. And this looks like this. This is downloading a gigabyte, almost gigabyte file on a gig with connection. And as you can see, here's the start phase. We'll look at it closer. And then we drop packets here and boom, the send rate drops, increases, increases, drops, increases, increases, drops, increases, increases, drops. And we have to stick saw pattern. This is using the, I'll talk about this later, but this is using the algorithm called cubic, which does this detection completely based on dropped packets. So it expects you to fill up the buffer. So you send and send and send and send faster and faster. And at some point, your router or your switch says, no, I'm full. Packet gets dropped. And from the acknowledgments, you see, hey, I'm missing this packet in the series. And, hey, I'm missing this packet in the series. It keeps acknowledging maybe the later packages that are arriving, but it says, hey, I'm still missing this packet. And the sender notices, realizes, oh, yeah, I'm sending too fast, need to drop the rate. And then it keeps sending and sending more and more. But the more important part is this beginning phase. This is called the probing, where we try to touch the water, I don't know, test the waters to find out how fast can we go. And why is this important? We're not always transferring gigabytes of files or like big files. We don't, I don't think that most of us, most of the time we don't download big files, which is not what we do. Instead, we might transfer smaller files like a 500 kilobyte file. This is the same graph as earlier, but with a 500 kilobyte file. And as you can see, there are these pauses here, and it's very short. It's not even, yeah, this is in seconds. This is not even 100 milliseconds of transfer. What happens is that we are only probing. We are just trying to figure out how much can we send. But by the time we've already increased the window, we still haven't reached the limit of our gigabit connection. So we are not transferring at gigabit speed because we were trying to test if we even can do that. So we were transferring lower than gigabit speed, a lot lower, a lot slower. The transfer, I think the average was like 15 megabits, so that's like over 100 megabits second for half a megabyte of file. So we have the bandwidth in the connection, but we are not using, we don't get the transfer speed. And that's because of this probing. And so, I'm going to talk about this. This is a TCP trace. Each packet that we send, each IP packet is also packaged as a TCP package, I'm not sure it's called. We have the sequence numbers. We're counting up the packets and we say, okay, I received packet one, packet two, packet three. And our slow download looks like this, a bit wobbly, but the average is pretty much a gigabit. This is how it's supposed to look like. And this wobbly pattern is normal if you download at full speed. This is expected. In a perfect condition, two computers connected next to each other, you get dropped packets because that's how TCP works. And with our slower transfer, we didn't get that. What can we do? This whole congestion control thing, like how fast do I have to send, how do I back off, that's described in an algorithm. And that's called the congestion control algorithm. And I mentioned Cubic. This is using Cubic. And the Cubic is the default in Linux since 2008 or something on previously that's new Reno, also similar timeframe. Funny thing is Torrent uses UDP so they can also implement their own congestion control algorithm. And they use one called LEDBAD, which aims to be very conservative and it starts really slow and it backs off really fast in order to not compete with the important real TCP traffic. Yeah, that's a nice detail. But there's also a newer algorithm called BBR which has Google developed in the 2010s. And I think it's been in Linux 4.9 or something like that, or 4.14. So, like, seven, years ago, but it's not the default. And it makes the probing a lot more aggressive because it's optimized for the web, for websites that have, where they recognize, yeah, people have now a lot more bandwidth, but Cubic is so conservative that it makes websites still feel slow. And also the thing that has changed is that as Netflix got faster there, there was a lot more buffering introduced. So your router, with your slow speed, got a lot bigger buffer. What that means is that the packets are dropped much later, which can lead to higher transfer rates to some degree, but it also leads to a bigger delay. And the congestion events are recognized much slower. So what they, BBR also does it, it looks at the latency of the acknowledgments. If acknowledgments suddenly arrive slower and later, it also detects that as a delay. And again, it's more aggressive and it's also compared, if it's, if you have a TCP Cubic and a TCP BBR, send a machine competing for the same link, a gigabit link, there's study papers out there that BBR is a lot more aggressive and traffic that uses Cubic will be a lot slower if you have two big file transfers. But yeah, BBR is used especially by the big cloud services that make up most of our web traffic. And that makes them load a lot faster. CloudFab wrote about this in their blog. And in their example, with a 5 megabit simulated connection, they had something like an example that says 1.5 seconds load time for WordPress site using BBR and 8 seconds for one using Cubic, especially when they use HTTP2. HTTP2 really likes this more aggressive probing and less slow start, faster start. And CloudFab, they pull out these numbers and they mention these numbers. That's this article from 2018. And you might have seen them elsewhere. What they tell you to do is I'm using the sysctl of your Linux system. Again, this is Linux specific because BBR is not implemented on BSTs, at least not mainline BST. They tell you to use the BBR congestion control algorithm. And they also tell you to add this value that says that your socket buffers are clear. So packets are sent out if your socket buffer contains at least 16 kilobytes of data.  So in order to reduce delay on websites, they recommend this magic number basically. And the Grafino developers also have a different idea about this. They, for example, recommend a higher threshold. And also what Klauffer mentioned is they want you to change the queuing discipline. And we'll talk about queuing disciplines later as well. But yeah, these are two main articles if you want to learn about what values to pick and why they might do a decent job. I mean, the Klauffer block article has a bit of magic to it. They don't explain everything but they think they give you a great insight into the problems that they're solving. Also what helps is, I mean, if you run a web server, use a new HTTP version. If you're not doing, if you don't have a reverse proxy, you can just change your config and if you're using a five-year-old or newer release of Apache Engine X, I think in Apache you have to load a module as well. You can use HTTP 2, which is the sequel to 1990 HTTP 1.1. And it's also, it also, you can have both at the same time. HTTP 2 is, I think it's a Google initiative like just like these days, Google and others like to push these things and implement them in Chrome. And then because Google has implemented it in Chrome, it becomes a standard basically. Yeah, but HTTP 2 makes things faster by reusing our connection instead of, well, by having priorities and using a single connection to even send multiple things at the same time or whereas HTTP 1.1 required to have multiple connections open at the same time, I think that's called pipelining. Yeah, but it all helps. HTTP 3 is a thing as well. HTTP 3 uses a single not TCP, but quick, which is like Torrent, it tries to implement their own TCP on top of UDP and it's again pushed by Google through that browser. But it's not in any major release of Apache Engine X, I think. It's only an experimental branches and there's nothing to the state that you can, where you can just use a stable release and have it. There's also multiple implementations of it from Cloudflare and whatever, but nothing just that has been merged. Yeah, that's what you can do if you host something. Next thing, how can you improve your own network at home? Cake, anyone? If you have used open WOT, you might have heard of this whole smart queuing thing, this whole cake thing. The idea is that if this whole delay detection thing is failing us and if maybe our buffers are too big on the network, can we ourselves indicate, be smart about it and indicate congestion to reduce latency? The problem is, so first of all, if you have applications, if you have sockets, all these things are all queued, sockets are basically a queue for each device, for each application, and they have to be, at some point, be sent to your network card. They're all computing usually for one queue on better, higher network interfaces. You have multiple queues, of course, but they have this one queue and someone has to decide who can go first, and that's done in the Linux kernel for a queuing discipline, which sits before the device driver, which might also have some mechanism for determining that, Intel does that for sure, they have their own quality of service stuff integrated into their driver and their firmware. But yeah, this is where you can do something. You can do it, yeah, once it passes through that and then to the device driver and the NIC, it will finally be sent to your network and then to your gateway. One thing you can do is, one thing you can control always is your device, so you can change the queuing discipline on your device. The default in Linux is first in, first out, but in system D the default is something called fair queuing codal, FQ codal, fair queue controlled delay, which says that if something, I think it was, if something, if a queue gets really full, the queue will be purposely delayed in, so a delay is added, so that the queue fills up even faster and the packet drops a curve faster, so the packets are dropped faster, so the congestion is indicated earlier and the sending slows down earlier, so that the connection backs off faster, that was hard works. But that kind of helps, but where you really wanted to be is in your gateway, usually have your DSL modem or cable modem or something and that's usually much slower than your network speed. Well, usually, you have a gigabit network or a Wi-Fi 5, and especially on Ethernet, you know, to start that, you know, your gateway is really slow, and you can't really see it, so you're not going to see it either, so it's a little bit slower. So, I think that's a good thing, but it's a little bit slower, so you can not see it either, so it's a little bit slower. your gateway is really slow. And what your gateway should do is it should stop buffering so much.  Buffer bloat is when the buffer adds your hops on your network at too much latency, which there shouldn't be. You know you type in ping and ping to host. But the thing is, if you run a speed test under load, this latency can rise. This was here at the EGAR of a Wi-Fi, and because the Wi-Fi can't saturate the whole uplink that we have, the loaded latency wasn't that high. But at home, in most of my third box, I get 300 milliseconds. And that's quite common. So you have a 300 millisecond latency if you fully saturate your connection, if you do a download. And that means that if you now try to also load a website or do a DNS request, this all takes 300 milliseconds of round trip time. That's slower than the latency to the U.S. West Coast. And that makes the application slow. Websites, video calls, of course, especially if it's suddenly, you will feel that. You will notice that. Especially if you have multiple users. And your router, your gateway should do much better at this. And that's where cake tries to help. And other traffic control algorithms. Buffer bloat is when your hops buffer too much. If your latency increases when you fully utilize your connection. If the buffers are too small, then you don't get enough throughput.  So that's bad. But usually, the buffers are too big. They don't add more throughput, but they just increase latency. And that's just unnecessary. And one idea is that we just don't fully utilize a link. And that we try to keep our latency consistent. And we don't optimize for maximum throughput but consistent latency. And that's what cake does. Again, latency rises if the slow sling is under high utilization. So if you have, so if it's close to 90, 95% or something like that. Yeah. And it should notify about congestion. But it doesn't do it well enough. It doesn't do it early enough. So what cake does, in effect, is it drops packets earlier if they have been in the queue too long for a certain connection, I think. Or it adds the control delay to indicate that there's a congestion. And through its magic, basically, to me, because to me it kind of is magic, it adds a consistent latency. So your latency can actually stay at this 20, 20, 15 milliseconds, even if you are running a Steam download and you're in a video call. That's like the future that I want. I want to have someone at my place running a Steam download and I don't notice it. And my websites load just as fast.  In the last five years, I think, recent Wi-Fi access points have paid close attention to that too. And they have improved compared to what you had 10 years ago. But that's only regarding if you're saturating your whole Wi-Fi bandwidth. If your whole Wi-Fi uplink is full, it already does smart prioritization and it can keep it kind of going and usable if your airspace is fully utilized. And cake just makes so. It keeps your web and app experience as far as still the same, at the same speed, even if you're doing heavy downloading in the background. Caviets are with cake. Cake is implemented in the Linux kernel, I think, since 4.19. And also in the open WRT router firmware. But the problem with it is it requires you to know your link speed. It's very bad at guessing how fast your internet speed is. And you usually use like 5 to 10 percent of your throughput. So your maximum download speed will be a bit slow. And it also breaks NAT offloading, which is a feature that these cheap Wi-Fi access points have to, well, reach the speeds that they promise. This is better than because most of us still need to use IPv4. And yeah, so you need NAT, sadly. And these cheap consumer devices have an offloading mechanism and it's not compatible with the cake algorithm. So you need to use the CPU. And sadly, these cheap access points have bad CPUs. So they are not the fastest. If you are open WRT user, there are blog posts on the open WRT forum that benchmark how fast access points are if you are using cake. Hold on there. That's basically the end of my presentation. I just wanted to point out something I forgot. Regarding these tweakables, they say IPv4, but they apply to both IPv4 and IPv6. There is no IPv6.TZP congestion control. Like, mostly all TZP sysvars are exported under IPv4. So they affect both. Even if it only says IPv4. Just saying. Yeah, that was my talk. I would be happy. Yes. Yes. That's my talk. If you have any questions, please ask. What? I did not expect that. Okay. Okay, thank you. Does anybody have questions? I don't. There might be parts of skip loafers. Yes, please, please. Yes. Do there? Okay. The question was, the Fritz box asks for the maximum link speed. Is it because they use cake? I would have to guess they don't use cake because I think the processes are too weak for cake. That's what I would guess. I think my Fritz box model didn't ask me. Maybe it's just pulling it from the modem but the speed. But they have their own QoS mechanism survey. So the whole cake thing is not the same as QoS. QoS means that you classify packets based on ports or some IP flags. There's a DCP field in the IP packet. And you can say, oh, this is high priority traffic and something like that. What you do is you put the traffic into multiple Qs and then you decide, oh, there's something in this very important Q. I'm immediately going to process it and ignore the other Qs. That's what QoS does basically. You just split the traffic into classes. But that's not what cake automatic does. Cake can do that too. But you might not need to do that. I know that the Fritz box have quality of service. So they classify traffic but that's a bit different. That's not the same goal. And the problem really with cake is I think it's not very easy to implement in hardware. I think that's just the biggest problem why we don't see cake. And that they need to know the uplink speed which makes it unusable for mobile and Wi-Fi clients. But I wish more people would use cake. But again, you need a PC processor or you need to be smart to, like, you need a really good network interface that way you can implement it. Okay. Anything else? Anyone? I can, yes. Yes, you can absolutely set it especially if you're using Linux. Again, this is also not on free BSD. Or any BSD as I know. You have to change this TSP congestion control to variable to either to cake. But then the problem is you haven't given it any parameters. What cake really wants you to do is give it, you have to tell it the speed. And here on the Graphino S article that is linked in the presentation, you can either run this command and then you say, oh, my speed is this big.  Can't type in the password. It shows you the queuing discipline for your interfaces. Link, of course, doesn't need a queuing disk because it's so fast that you don't need anything, any queuing. But yeah, check out the Graphino S article. They also even explain that you can, if you're using system D networking, I think you can set it in the service file if you're using system D. There's ways to use it. But the default already on most Linux distros is FQ codle, which is already better than first in, first out. So that might be already good enough. But cake can do better. Okay. Anything else? No? Yes? Oh, microphone, nice. Yeah, you said that cake needs a BP processor to work, so I'm asking myself. If you have BP processor, then you find in your 30 euro access point. Okay. So if I'm a Linux gamer and I want lower latency, I wouldn't have to sacrifice my FPS if I use cake. Or is there something significant which I could notice? No, I don't think it's significant on x86. If you, where you will notice it, if you, especially if you're on a server, if you have a 100 gig nick, then you might notice it. You will probably notice it on a 100 gig nick. But like these access points, like they usually struggle at, like, they can't reach gigabit speed with cake. If you want to use cake and have a gigabit download link, you probably need an x86 low end atom processor. Or like a beefy arm core that's almost the equivalent to a smartphone, basically. Okay. Thank you.  Okay. Last chance, questions. Don't see any. Okay. Thank you for listening. I'll pull up the, thank you for watching as well. Yeah, the talk is online. Thanks.


Hello, welcome everyone to the second class of Metals in Biology. Today we will discuss choice, uptake and assembly of metal ions in cells. So, we will discuss choice, uptake and assembly of metal ions in cell. Let us first discuss the principle of this topic and that is choice, uptake and assembly of metal ions in cell. Relatively abundant metal ions are used both in geosphere and biosphere, different metals are present in different concentration or different ratio. Therefore, these metal ions are going to be used accordingly in our class right. Overall different metals are concentrated over the years both on earth crust and sea water. For example, some of them are used in very high amount in biological process although they are not present in high quantity either on the earth crust or in sea water. For instance, chloride as you can see the presence of chloride is very little on earth crust whereas, in sea water this is present in large amount. Therefore, in species where we have sea water based species those are the one which perhaps will have more chloride in them than those are living on earth. On the other hand depending on the amount of particular metal at a given site maybe those metal ions are accumulated in our body predominantly. Here is this list which shows that how much of what metal ions are present in a given context of the earth crust versus sea water. So, one of the thing we must understand therefore, then the relative abundance of metal ions can control the presence of metal ions in the biological system. So, as you know iron for example, is one of the metal ions which are present in biological system even inside us in human body quite a lot of amount. For example, iron is there in hemoglobin in our blood right. Another principle which guides this choice uptake and assembly of metal ions in cell is the legality. How much labile is the metal ion because it will determine how easily those metal ions are available for a particular purpose can they be delivered can they be uptake at a particular center. So, usually in biological system labile metals are often used. That does not mean that the other metals which are not too much labile or not abundant in the earth crust or in sea water will not be used. There are ways where nature has evolved over the ages to concentrate a particular metal ions through ATP driven process. And therefore, although that particular metal ions concentration may be very less still it can be accumulated in our body or in different biological systems. So, low abundant metal ions still can be concentrated by ATP driven processes. Entry to cell is controlled by of course, specific channels and pumps that we are kind of familiar with we will discuss in one of the class. So, how it is being uptaken by the cells will be determined by the what type of channels or what type of pumps we do have in particular organisms ok. Another thing is of course, there could be a self assembly of these metal ions which can also help in accumulating a particular metal ions or particular type of metal ions in a particular site. Not only natural abundance, the availability and the lablability is or labile nature of the metal ions are important. Another important thing is giving the direction from the biological to the biological system from biosphere or geosphere. This is the role which is usually played by the metallochaperon. There are many different metallochaperons in our body which plays a crucial role of delivering the metal ion at a particular centre where it is required. Today, we will try to discuss how the iron uptake is happening into the bacterial and mammalian cell. Let us try to discuss uptake of iron into bacterial and mammalian cells. We will take one example each one case for bacteria another case of mammalian cells and we will try to see if we are able to do these reaction quite efficiently. So, iron uptake in the cell we want to get iron inside the cell. Is that going to be a simple process? Well of course, there are going to be challenges. Challenges is associated with the fact that at pH 7 iron is insoluble quite insoluble. Well and this is where metallochaperon or so called you know ligand for the metal centre will be required and that is where we will discuss. So, therefore, how to mobilize iron in the biosphere knowing very well that at pH 7 iron is insoluble is going to be quite critical. As you know iron is the second most abundant metal after aluminum and more importantly it is both the iron II plus and iron III plus oxidation state that render it functionally useful. So, iron II plus and iron III plus are very efficient centres by which a lot of chemistry can be done and iron is also present in large quantities second only to aluminum on earth crust. So, therefore, a lot of things going on good for iron the as I mentioned the bad things with respect to iron is at pH 7 iron is insoluble. Therefore, we need some ligand or some method by which iron still can be mobilized in the biosphere. The role of mobilizing iron in biological system let us say in bacteria is done by cyderophore. So, we will discuss one of the cyderophore example. In human it is the transferring that is involved in mobilizing the iron. Now, if you look at lot of these biological studies which try to understand how iron is mobilized are not going to be that easy because to understand this we need to have a detailed studies including the x-ray crystallography. So, in absence of x-ray crystallography it becomes little bit difficult in some of the cases although some other spectroscopic techniques can be used for understanding how let us say particularly metal ions is being uptake what is the coordination environment around the iron center. What it is understood that in ferric ferric citrate is you know there is a cyderophore which where ferric citrate binding site of the outer membrane transporter fake A is crystallized, but before this ferric citrate binding site was discovered crystallographically all of the inorganic chemist and the biologist knew that there is a ligand citric acid which binds with iron that is known, but how citric acid is binding with iron in the outer membrane transporter fake A that was not really known. Well before the enzyme crystal structure is known or the biological crystal structures are known it was the inorganic chemist who tried to take simple ferric acid and reacted with iron center. So, the reaction is essentially done with iron nitrate in presence of the you know citrate. What inorganic chemist were able to show is two types of iron metal complexes are forming and this has been reported first in 1994. So, let us look at the two iron complexes that forms when citric acid is reacted with iron shot. So, here are the two iron centers or two crystal structure each of the crystal structure has multiple iron in this case two iron centers are there this is the citric acid or citrate. So, this is the carbon center it has a carboxylate over there and O minus and this is another CH2CO2 minus another CH2CO2 minus overall this is one of the citrate and there is another citrate that binds the iron center. Here they are bridged these two iron centers are bridged by this alkoxy anion. This alkoxide is essentially bridging them. Now, these two iron centers is this the way what ferric citrate is responsible for iron transporting or making the bioavailability of iron through these mode of binding. Of course, there is another mode of binding as you can see over here. One can refer to this paper if we want to learn little more. Now, more importantly what crystallographically in outer membrane transporter fake A it is found that it is the first structure where two iron center as we were showing is bridged between these bridged by this citrate where the carboxylates as well as the alkoxides are bridging or putting these two iron center together. From this what we can just simply think is this citrate is binding the two iron centers in a way that is shown over here both in in organic chemistry wise by doing the reaction in laboratory we got the idea how citrate can bind with iron. Over here in fake A outer membrane transporter fake A we also find that exactly same structure that is what inorganic chemists are saying. So, overall therefore, we can conclude that the inorganic chemistry studies of binding citric acid of iron is quite important turn out to be quite informative and that turn also in later on turn out to be true where it is found that two iron center exactly the way citrate is binding is similar to that in fake A. Well, so this essentially gives an idea that how perhaps irons is going to be going to be mobilized into the bacterial cydrophore or by the bacterial cydrophore that is how we perhaps get the iron in intake inside the bacteria ok. So, I hope what I am trying to tell you I hope you understand that these ligands such as citric acid is quite important in mobilizing the otherwise insoluble iron center to make it feasible or to make it available in let us say bacteria of course, similar mechanism can be thought of for higher species. We let us then look at another system another cydrophore enterobactin. So, this is a bacterial cydrophore once again. Now here just like previous case where citric acid was playing the key role in dictating the coordination complexes here also we will find that a great ligand which will be responsible in bacterial cydrophore to sequester the metal ions so that they become soluble and they becomes available inside the bacteria. This is the picture or this is the chem draw of an enterobactin a bacterial cydrophore. As you can see this is a gigantic organic molecule this is nothing, but the ligand for the metal center. This whole thing is ligand as you may see that these are the possible binding site for the metal center. Now what was not definitely known is how this possibly binds with the metal center. This is a nice cyclic tricerine lactone structure which is enterobactin S bacterial cydrophore. Now how this is coordinating with the metal center and making let us say iron available for bacteria that was not known. So, this is the ligand which will complex with form complex with iron center and make it internalize or internalize it in the bacteria. In this particular case quite interestingly these iron binding with this enterobactin is quite high. So, for example, iron 3 plus iron 3 plus can bind with these metals ions quite effectively. Iron 3 plus this enterobactin which I am mentioning as ENT6 minus you have seen the catechol unit all these catechol unit can be deprotonated to each of them are giving 2 minus 3 of those centers are there which can give you enterobactin 6 minus. So, iron 3 plus and enterobactin 6 minus can react to give iron enterobactin 3 minus because enterobactin itself is 6 minus iron is 3 plus overall this formation or complex formation is possible and that was giving a formation constant of 10 to the power 49. At pH 7 dissociation constant is pretty low at pH 7 dissociation constant is pretty low. So, the stability of these complexes are quite high since the 6 catechol groups have to be deprotonated they mean 6 phenolic unit has to be deprotonated enterobactin will be 6 minus and only the delta isomer of this complex is found in nature. A specific cell membrane receptor exists for ferric enterobactin. Release in the cell can occur by hydrolysis of the lactone and reduction to iron 2 plus and or by lowering the pH. So, this ligand enterobactin that you have seen the gigantic ligand enterobactin which responsible for binding the iron center through this phenol units, but how exactly it is binding that was not really known at the beginning. What was done for this case since we do not know really how it is binding with iron we tried to get or the researchers tried to get the crystal structure of iron bound complex with this enterobactin or this bacterial cyderophore. For long there was no crystal structure available finally, there was this vanadium crystal structure which clearly shows that we have a case where this diphenol or the catechol units are binding with the metal center in a octahedral fashion as you have seen this is the vanadium center these are the two of those units where these catechol units two of the phenolate two of the phenolate another two phenolate is coordinating with the vanadium center. So, what we are trying to tell that we are binding iron 3 plus with enterobactin 6 minus all those phenol unit in a octahedral fashion to give iron enterobactin 3 minus species which is a quite phenomenal compound in terms of binding with iron. These iron complexes are having a very high formation constant something 10 to the power 49 which is indicating that this can essentially bind the iron center very strongly and then can internalize these iron centers in the iron 3 plus form to get into the bacteria. Of course, a specific cell membrane receptor exists for ferric enterobactin which helps in recognizing this complex to get it inside the bacteria. Of course, one other thing that comes into mind then how is it that these are going to be released into the cell before that let me tell you once again that likely although iron crystal structure is not known likely iron is going to be bound in a fashion that we are seeing over here wherein this iron center is going to be hopefully ligated by these catechol units in an octahedral geometry. And release in the cells the release of the metal ions in this case this is a vanadium crystal if vanadium is not there of course, this is the iron. This iron catechol compound or enterobactin compound can be released by hydrolysis of the lactum side chain or lactum backbone at which it is residing. If you look at for the hydrolysis we would need this lactum side chain to degrade. So, one can think of hydrolyzing over here over there and over there. So, these hydrolysis can also help in internalizing the iron inside the bacteria. So, what we have learned so far essentially is two system one is the citrate another is this enterobactin. Citrate forms a dinuclear iron complex, enterobactin forms a monoluclear iron complex, but with very high binding constant. And that is how perhaps from outside let us say from the biosphere or geosphere we are getting the iron and putting it in side the bacteria. These complexations clearly these complexations are going to be quite crucial in incorporating the metal center such as iron inside a particular bacteria. Now it is also true that how each and every metal ions that we find in our body or in other biological systems are not completely understood. It is therefore, going to be a constant understanding constant efforts in terms of research to find out the factors that is responsible for bringing the metal ions inside our body or inside our biological system. Now another important things in this case is let us try to see how essentially iron is getting sequestered and bring we are getting it in our body. Let us look at this picture where we have enterobactin each of the enterobactin catechol unit is represented over here as is shown. So, one catechol unit another catechol unit another catechol unit this is in enterobactin iron comes and resides inside and there is a specific receptor protein which is guiding these iron loaded enterobactin to get in from the outside of cell to the inside of cell and overall a ATP driven process is responsible for internalizing such iron center in our body ok. Then let us see what we have learned so far in terms of choice, uptake and assembly of metal ions in cell. As we have mentioned at the very beginning of this class that the relatively abundant metal ions will be used relatively relatively abundant metal ions that is present in the geosphere and biosphere will play a crucial role in our biological system. The metal ions which are present in high quantity will be the one which also likely to be found in the biological system. Something like iron for example is present in high quantity and therefore, it is not a not a not a wonder why iron is found so much inside our body. Another important issue that we try to discuss is the labile nature of the metal ions will also dictate how or which metal ions are getting accumulated. More the labile metal ions are usually found in our biological system. That again does not mean that low abundance metal ions will not be really found in biological system. There is a way to concentrate these low abundance metal ions despite they are present in small quantity in the biosphere and geosphere still under a special circumstances we can find the low abundant metal ions in biological system. Their control in terms of getting into the bacteria or you know humans body or in other biological system will be controlled by the channels and pumps. We also learned that in bacteria and mammalian cell there will be different mechanism by which perhaps these iron center or other metal ions are going to be accumulated. Now in the first part of this class we have seen that despite iron being the second most abundant metal center there are quite a few challenges such as their insolubility at pH 7 is a big hurdle in getting them into the biological system. Although they have iron 2 plus and iron 3 first redox states that are functionally useful despite that despite the problem mainly that is the insolubility problem we can still have them internalize them and mobilize the iron center from biosphere to let us say bacteria and even in human by different uptake solutions such as cyderophore and we were discussing one of them and that deals with the ferric citrate complexation with iron right. So, citrate is capable of forming complex with iron right. These iron complexes are inorganic compound simple inorganic compound this is the citrate at the top and this citrate is capable of binding 2 iron center and 2 of the iron citrates are there. But this is the compound which is discovered by inorganic chemistry long back later on in 2002 it is came to the knowledge that we have the same structure that is found in the iron citric acid or citrate complexation it is the 2 iron center binding by this citrate in a 1 is to 1 fashion that gives the right compound for these outer membrane transporter FeKa. We also learned that there is enterobactin which is a bacterial cyderophore and responsible for taking up iron into the body of the bacteria for example. This is the catechol unit which can bind 2 of them can bind 2 of this center can bind 2 of this center can bind of course, this is a lactum center these are the sites where possibly the hydro hydrolysis can occur. So, 6 binding site 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 overall will bind with iron and perhaps this structure iron structure be something like this. This is a vanadium crystal structure hopefully iron structure will be similar and that is how it will bind this 1 2 3 4 5 6 phenoxide will bind with it and the whole the lactum ring might will get hydrolyzed to release the iron inside the bacteria. So, this is the whole ligand big ligand that will help iron internalize inside the inside the bacteria and during hydrolysis it can be released inside the cell. And we as we have discussed these iron III enterobactin complexes were very very you know very very stable formation constant is 10 to the power 49 and they can form a very good complex at even at pH 7. Now, this ensures that even at pH 7 where iron is really insoluble still one can make sure that by binding with this enterobactin which is nothing, but a cyclic tricerin lactone can help mobilize the iron inside the bacteria. So, this is the enterobactin just a schematic diagram this is iron center which can binds with this enterobactin and in the whole process overall iron can come inside the cell from outside the cell. There is a specific receptor which alerts this iron binding with the enterobactin and that it becomes active overall a ATP driven process makes it possible to bring the iron inside the bacteria and then the hydrolysis of this core will give the release or release the iron center into the bacteria. And therefore, I hope we briefly were able to tell you that despite having a metal center which is insoluble at pH 7 still the ligand such as we have seen with citrate and enterobactin the complexation was the key for making them feasible or internalized inside the cell. In the next class we will discuss more about these processes and how these metal ions are getting mobilized into mammals for example, in our body that we will discuss in the next class. Thank you keep studying once again the book to follow would be the Leapard and Burke for the Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry. There are many other books available including let us say the Bioinorganic Chemistry by Professor Keim that is a fantastic book as well. Please feel free to read any available book with you and overall I hope you will be able to understand how nature perhaps have designed to make the metal ions inside our body and make them also reactive. What are the principles governed behind the behind the choice and uptake of the metal center? Thank you keep watching keep studying. Thank you very much.


The market's down today. I wrote some blurb in there in the room. I guess people think that the Fed's gonna keep increasing rates, but we know that anyways. So it's kind of, I don't know. I don't know why people are thinking that. I think the market's just lower, which we've been discussing. Again, the rally yesterday was a nothing burger. KMX is down today, and yes, we could do it, and yes, we can watch it, but if it doesn't open on time, I'm probably gonna move right over to the market. So this could open late. It typically does. It's very hard to trade. It's very spready. The stop's gonna be big. It's not easy to trade. So that's the only negative, really. It's the stock itself. Gap's good. Gap's great, but this is not easy to trade, and it's probably not even gonna open on time. So I'm back and forth about which thing we should do here to have a nice, quick, fast, easy day. I did say yesterday that I thought today that yesterday I said today could be the day the market falls off the cliff.  So anyways, today could be the day we fall off a cliff. You know? Like, the market's poised to fall off a cliff any second. Whether we fall off a cliff today, whether we fall off a cliff tomorrow, today is only Thursday. Remember, the week isn't over. Today's Thursday, tomorrow's Friday. You know, the market's poised to fall off a cliff and it could've happened yesterday, but it still could happen any second here. Well, my clock is really off.  I'm not gonna do this over 76, so let's see what happens here. Now, my clock is messed up. I think we should go for the market, people. Stop's gonna be 27660. Let's do 70 by 60, 70 by 60. I'll go back and look at that. My clock's messed up, I gotta get that fixed today. 70, 70 by 60 is valid. It, right now, get that sucker and get the stop in. Here we go, we're gonna roll over. We gotta break, we'll do 75 though. We have to break 275, 275 and we're almost there. This is just an easier trade today than KMX, but I'll look at it, I'll look at it, it's going. If you wanna do it, did it go over 76? No, you could put this stop at 76.50. This isn't a bad entry here. Go for it if you want it. It's a little late, but you could still do it. 72, 71, 70 is the target. I just think the cues are an easier play. So I went for the easy peasy. We didn't get under 275 though, we have to. We have to, we have to, we have to, we have to. Let's double check our stop. Woo, let's double check it. Let's put it, no, I really think we're fine at 60. I really think we should just give it 60. Keep it at 60. You wanna do KMX, you can, it's late, but you still can do it, here it's going. I'd look for 72 and 71. I'd give it 76.50. Got to 73. Wonder if we should give this more room. But I know it's gonna go. I just don't wanna get dinged out of it. Eee, now I'm gonna keep it at 60 and if I get stopped I'll do a retake. I don't think I'm gonna get stopped though. I think we are week, week, week, week, week, week. So just make sure you have the stop in. If you didn't do it, you could still do it here. If you did KMX, you gotta watch for the next number. Again, I opted not to do that, but that's going too. Here we go. Mark it, we have to break 275 or we won't get any traction today. So that, we're close. We're so close, we're almost there. And actually if we get a flush through 275 we could just get out. I think my clock wasn't working right the other day, but it wasn't as obvious as this morning. Here, KMX, did anybody do it? 71, 72, 70. Well the number's here, it's almost at 72. Again, I called it late, but the perfect entry was up in here. Jackie did both, she's getting nuts today. She's getting crazy. Here we go, QQQs, QQQs, QQQs, QQQs. You gotta be in it, but we must get through 275. We must, we must. If we don't, we're not gonna fall hard. That is the number. And actually the spy is already going here, so I don't know what's up, but hold up with the Qs. Here, 365 is nearing. Here we go, QQs. Here, we're getting close. I'm gonna look at an options trade. I took the thing off, don't panic. Don't panic. Could have done both. We could have done KMX and we could have done what you might call it, the Qs, but I really didn't think. Here we go, we just broke 275. Let it ride, let it ride. Here we go. One flesh and no one said you have to hold this. No one said that at all. Let me just look here. I just don't feel like today was a day to get crazy. And I'm already in a bunch of options that I've been waiting to go. So today could be the big day. 275. Again, I'm not watching KMX, but you certainly could be in that. And I will get the screen back up in a second, people. KMX is at 71. Yep. All right, we're back. If you were still in this, you're bar by barring it here. If anyone did it, even the late call, I said you can still do it here even though it's late, I screamed it out. I didn't do it, but I said you can still do it here even though it's late, I said. Look, 71. The break of 71. Is Jackie the only one that did it? Is Jackie the only one that did KMX? Here we go. We're making money in this though. If you did them both fine, don't miss your exit in KMX. I would just bar by bar and get out of that quick. John did it, Jackie did it, two people did it. Trying to see if I want to do anything else here. Here we go. Let's watch for 274 in a nice flush where we had it here today, people. So yesterday, I really thought that it was going to be the day, but it wasn't. So I'm like, okay, fine. You never lose conviction. The buy the Dippers came in. It was ridiculous. It was bound to happen, but whatever. Then today, again, the data was actually good. The data was actually good today, but the market's done anyways, because everyone's so scared now. The Fed's going to keep raising rates forever and ever and ever and ever and ever and never drop them again because the unemployment numbers didn't go up, but we know they're eventually going to go up, but that could take six to 12 months. Anyways, I don't think the Fed is going to stop raising rates even if the number ticks up. I don't think they're on a path now that they're not going to veer off because they realize they made a mistake. So they're going to make another mistake. Two mistakes they think make a right. Whatever. You could be out of this here if you want. Nobody said you still have to be in it. Nobody at all. 48 cents from the next number, 274.  Tam, are you there? Tam, in order to write a question, you go down to two, then individual user, choose my name, and you can type something. Do a test while we're in here right now. So I know you know how to do that. Here we go. Here we go. Under two, 74, and a nice big push. What's the dream target today? If you want to stay in this, if you're in any of the options, what's the dream target for the market today? Anybody? Tam, you know how to write. Here we go. Here goes the market right now. Jeff is saying 270. John is out of KMX. Good call, thank you. Tam can write correctly. There you go. 269, Shelly thinks. Shelly's got starry eyes today. Let's talk about it when we're out of this world. Here, whoa. Wow, we had a perfect exit. I mean, an entry in this. We could not have gotten a better entry in this if we tried 86. You could get out of this right here. I'm gonna try to hold it a smidgen longer. A baby smidgen. But this is a good exit here, people. That's out and looked. Do we have any more data today? Does anybody know? Jen, are you here? Do we have anything out at 9.45? I didn't even look. Do we have any data at Econ at 9.45? Here. Coo, coo, coo. I don't like doing that. I don't like trailing things or taking part out. I mean, they're all in and I'm all out. The Russians got back to me. The guy's gonna let me remodel the whole apartment and give me the credits to do it. But it's like, okay, do I really wanna do that? I have to decide. They're all in or all out. The only way I can see myself doing that is if I think I'm gonna eventually buy the apartment, though. I'm an all in or all out kinda girl. No data. No data. No data. Where did KMX go? Oh, my land tide. It's at 69.72. We could have done both. It just wasn't a week to do that, though, in my opinion. It was a take your time week. Next week will be a take your time week, too. After Columbus, the markets closed for Columbus Day. So after the Columbus Day holiday, then earnings season starts, then we can be more aggressive. For now, we're tiptoeing through the tulips. I just didn't think it would make sense to do two things today, but you could have. You could have done 10 things today, actually, with the market rolling over. We won't be here tomorrow. The Russians mostly sell. Here, here we go, under 273. Come on, can we get there? Can we do it, people? Everything's going today, Jackie. Wow, here we go. This is called selling, and it's selling pressure, and it's panic, and it's selling, and why is everyone panicking? I think the market's gonna collapse. And I basically have been saying that. Here we go. I'm gonna be out of this soon. At least a day trade. I'm gonna let the options ride. I'm actually gonna see two more apartments today. That'll be fun. Here, under, here, we just look at this, people. This is nutty. Nutty in a good way.  Sit here and watch, make money. Just stare at the screen.  I just, any exit here in the teens or the 20s is a good exit for the day trade and pocket about. Let me, I'm gonna quickly look at a couple options here. Whoa, there's 273, woo! Anybody still in it? Tam, did you?


This is stock number 10104. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin you're new and used sports car headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2014 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500. This car has the 5.8 liter supercharged V8 motor which pumps out 662 horsepower. Black is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p. We do that so that you can get a really good representation of the vehicle. We sell a lot of these cars out of state and we want to give you the most accurate representation possible so that when you get here there's absolutely no surprises. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the car with me. It comes of course with the Brembo front brakes. This one has the SVT package which gives you the 19-inch painted SVT rims. No scuffs or scrapes on this rim and it has Goodyear Eagle F1. Two 6540ZR19 tires in the front and they have just about all the tread left on them. Didn't see any dents or dings on the front fender, front bumper, no dents, dings or cracks on it. This one comes with the matte black stripes. Didn't see any dents or dings on the hood. It has the HID headlamps, the LED running lights, factory fog lights. This does have a lower valence kit in the trunk so those have not been scuffed or anything. Passengers side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on that and as you go down this side of the car you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. It does have the GT500 side stripes. Very very clean down this side. I didn't see any dents or dings. The soft top is in really nice condition. No rips or tears on that. It's a really nice clean condition on that. Didn't see any rock chips, back tires or the back rim. Excellent condition and on the back they have 285 35 ZR20s so they got the 20 inch rims and tires in the back. Part of that SVT package. As we come around to the rear bumper, no scuffs or scrapes on that rear splitter. The rear bumper is absolutely perfect. The deck lid is in really nice shape. All the stripes are in really nice shape. Very very clean as the LED tail lamps and down this side of the car just as clean as that passenger side. It does have the capitalist fuel fill and for full disclosure this back rim absolutely perfect. No scuffs or scrapes on that and very very clean down this side of the car. This side of the soft top just as clean as a passenger side.  The Cobra and Boss backrest. Both of these seats are heated. You get a power driver seat. Factory floor mats throughout has auto headlamps, launch control, power windows, power locks, power mirrors. The back seats are very clean as well. It has the ambient lighting, color change lighting, no rips or tears in the back seats. It does have latch child safety system so if you want to try and get a car seat back there you're more than welcome to try. And as we hop inside the vehicle here you can see that this one has 5,248 miles. This car will be getting fuel right after this video. Comes with the leather wrapped and suede wrapped steering wheel, Bluetooth and audio controls on the right, cruise controls on the left. No scuffs or scrapes on that steering wheel. Has the AM-FM Serious Satellite Radio capabilities and you have your climate control down there. There are your heated seat buttons, sink for your Bluetooth, six-speed manual transmission, passenger seat is very clean as well. This car has never been smoked in and will put the soft top up. So pretty easy to do that just a latch on that side. It does have the home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems and then you're going to want to unlatch that one as well. It's got to have the parking brake on and you just press open. It'll open up all the windows and put that soft top down for you. Very easy, very nice and smooth. We'll take a quick look in the trunk and then we'll check out under the hood. So like I said there's the front splitter pieces there in this box. It has the soft top cover for the rear hatch there and then it has the tire inflator kit back here as well. Very clean back here as you'd expect on a 5,000 mile car. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out this video. Probably one of the cleanest GT500s we've had on our lot. I mean I didn't see any dents, I didn't see any dings. There's no road rash on any of the wheels. Very, very clean. Under the hood we have the 5.8 liter supercharged V8 motor. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. This one was hand built by Phil Pragano and Dave DeCorp. Has a cold air intake. Has been fully safety inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. Car has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this car or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it, we got it.  Videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at summitauto.com and full pictures and descriptions of every vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. Fond du Lac and Beaver Dam and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left and link to more sports car videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom. A link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to help you with this super clean 2014 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500. Thanks again.