So, yeah, I'm Jamie. I'm a local boy from Western Sydney and I grew up in the Western suburbs and spent some time in Marconi, Stallions. I was a fan all the time and during a club like this, you know, represented who I am when I come from. It was an exciting time for me and then I had spent a year at the club and then after that opportunity to move abroad for two years. So, I was about 16 then moved abroad to Germany, spent two years there, you know, learned a lot.  I was on my bike to training and I was unfortunately hit by a car and that was a tough time for myself and especially for my family, you know. But, you know, we fall ups and downs. There's always a positive, you know. I'm back and back here and playing football, which I love, you know. I was out for about six months, something like that and it was a hard time, you know, for myself. But like I said, I'm happy to be back now here and playing football and, you know, trying to do the best I can for the club and the team.  So, I've seen it all, you know, and coming back to a club like this, you know, I was very happy to come back here, you know, even to work under Dillard, work with Crookie, you know, even with Labi too, helping the strikers and I'm very fortunate to have Patty here at the club, you know, that he's very experienced as a central defender, like me. He's, you know, he's played abroad and, you know, he's had a lot of caps under his belt. So, bringing people like that, Labi and Patty will be very good for us in the next coming weeks for the composition. I think my goal was to stay at the club, you know, it's a club like what I said. It's a club that I've supported since I was younger, you know, a club that represents who I am, you know.  It's a club that I really, really adore, you know. Being overseas, I always used to watch the games and, you know, support the club and now I'm back and, you know, that's my goal, to be at this club and represent the club and give it all for this team and for the badge, you know.


Gary Lee Kobene failed to show up for a court hearing in March. A warrant for his arrest was issued March 10th and he was arrested on Wednesday. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


A player that could be dealt this offseason, Sam Darnold, New York Jets quarterback, Robert Sala noncommittal on the future of Sam Darnold has not come out and said that he's going to be the quarterback of the future, moving forward for the Jets and could be dealt. Some people are speculating to a quarterback needed team. The question is, are we sleeping on Sam Darnold? Is he, as a matter of fact, a very good quarterback and we just don't know about it? One of the statistics and the first thing that comes to mind when you hear that question is, no, he's not a good quarterback, 45 touchdowns to 39 interceptions in his career. His best season was 19 touchdowns to 13 interceptions in 2019. He's been sacked more than any of the quarterback in that 2018 draft class 98 times in 38 games. His top targets that he's had to deal with the majority of his NFL career, Robbie Anderson and Jameson Crowder. He hasn't had the best protection either. We all know this. And how can we forget the ever so lovable head coach, Adam Gase, best coach in the NFL. Darnold has really had a lot thrown at him with the New York Jets and that has really clouded everybody's judgment on whether he's a good quarterback and is he really a first round talent like he was when he was drafted number three overall by the New York Jets in 2018. What we wanted to do is we wanted to really analyze this and watch some games of Sam Darnold and really break down the film and some throws that he's made. So we looked at the stats and we found three games last year in 2020. There's been some positives for Sam Darnold, three games that he had over a 90 quarterback rating. Week two against the 49ers, week 13 against the Las Vegas Raiders and then week 15 and then upset against the LA Rams. Those three games, we watched every throw that he made and this is what we came up with. Three reasons why he is as a matter of fact a good quarterback in the NFL. Number one, he's accurate. Just hold on right there. I know you're going to say look at his completion percentage. 69% of his passes completed. I think two years it was 59% and then his career high was in 2019 when he threw for 61%. I might be wrong on that but yeah, 61% on a career high, that's not that good. But if you look past the stats and you look at the reason on why he was so inaccurate in those three seasons, a lot of things make a lot of sense. For instance, we watched those throws that he made in those three games against the 49ers, Raiders and the Rams and a lot of those were drop passes. A lot of that was due to bad protection and him having to throw away the ball. For instance, a specific example, Braxton Berrios, the wide receiver on the Jets, dropped a pass in that game against the LA Rams and what would have been a touchdown for Sam Darnold. But Berrios dropped the pass incomplete, bad protection as well. We know that Mackay Bechton has shown some flashes and is a very good player but that offensive line, we know the struggles of the Jets offensive line has. But if you look past all of that and you see him throw in a clean pocket, I'm on record of saying that he's one of the better quarterbacks in a clean pocket as far as accuracy goes. So if you give him a good offensive line and receivers that don't drop the ball, where James and Crowder is your number one receiver, who knows? The accuracy of Sam Darnold is really going to show at that point and I feel like a lot of more people are going to see that Sam Darnold is worthy of being a first round talent just because of how deadly accurate he can be when he has the weapons around him. So number two reason, he's smart. That's very broad because quarterbacks in the NFL, all of them are smart. You have to know a whole entire playbook, you have to know defenses and coverages and it's a very, very hard position to play. So Darnold is a very smart man but he's smart I would say at the quarterback position just because of the way he played really showed us how smart he is. The stats won't show it but just from watching him play it looks as if he knows what coverage a defense is running on every single down. I get it, every quarterback is smart and every quarterback may know what coverage a defense is running but he has such great awareness that he knows which players are blitzing, which players are going out on coverage, which players are playing in the flat or playing deep, he knows all of that. He's aware of how many players are blitzing like I mentioned and even though he knows that a player is blitzing, he stays cool in the pocket the whole time and he makes the throw, that's like I said, number one reason, accurate. For instance, in that game against Las Vegas, there was a play where there was a DB blitz. I believe it was a corner, maybe it was a safety but it was a corner that was blitzing, Sam Darnold knew that, Sam Darnold on the side, you could see him look over and he still did not panic, took advantage of that coverage because where that DB came from from the blitz, he left the receiver open in that area where Darnold can make that throw and make a completion. The number three reason on why he's a very good quarterback, he gets the ball out quick. I get it, every NFL quarterback needs to get the ball out quick, it's basic knowledge but if you watch him play, not only does he get the ball out quick but he gets it to a player that he knows is going to get five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten yards, get the first down with that yards after the catch and that goes back to how smart Sam Darnold is. Maybe it's a lack of talent on the New York Jets offense, maybe it's because of the bad O-line that he has to get the ball out quick, maybe it's because of the lack of talent at the wide receiver position when they can't get open that easily, he has to check it down or have to get the ball out quick otherwise he's going to get sacked. Maybe it's because of those reasons but he's learned in those games that we watched and those positive games and those games that he performed really well, gets the ball out quick, is smart and is accurate. Three things that's going to be the making of a good quarterback in the NFL. Whether it be with the New York Jets who brings in maybe a good offensive lineman in the draft, maybe it's a wide receiver, maybe free agency, they land some good free agents, I don't know what it may be but if he gets some talent around him with the Jets, gets traded to the Bears, another NFL team, who knows? And he has some talent, Sam Darnold, high possibility he could be a quarterback that could be productive in the NFL. But leave your comments and leave your thoughts down below. Do you believe that Sam Darnold has been unfairly seen as a bad quarterback in the NFL or do you feel like that he has potential of being one of the better quarterbacks if he were just in the right situation?


So I decided to make this video to sort of explain how do you actually meditate because a lot of people have asked me about it And I've also gotten a lot of their specific questions from people who have Certain pains back problems One guy even told me as this ringing in his ears. I think it's called tinnitus And people ask me like, okay, so how do you deal with that and how do you actually meditate? So regarding meditation, it's not really about Being you know this super successful present to the moment flower being it's more about training your mind to Focus on specific things that you want to focus on That would that's what actually gives you that power now While you do that you actually have the added benefit of Your brain sort of realizing that a lot of things you thought are very real and and and actual are not really real Like you might be meditating and you'll feel a certain back pain and your body will say, okay You have to move you have to shift position and then because you decided to stay still and keep meditating That pain will naturally go away after a while. So you'll be Left in a really weird state you'll be like Wait, was this pain actually real because it just disappeared Another thing is that You might have certain thoughts like oh I need to do this. I need to do that. I need to get up I need to check this again if you resist I won't call it resist if you Keep focusing away from it. Keep focusing back on the breath and then it will naturally pass So anybody who has heart problems back problems, you know hear your problems, you know Anything like that That's not something that should stop you from meditating that should actually be the specific reason why you should meditate more than anybody else So I'm sorry. I'm a bit Having a bit of a cold I've not been sleeping very well lately So, yeah So when you meditate what you want to do is you want to keep Bringing back the focus to the breath and how it actually feels When the breath comes in and out. So a lot of people they do that with the nose, you know, just Just like that obviously I'm a bit running in the nose So it doesn't sound perfectly clear, but they just focus on the way their nose Feels when they breathe for me. I find that's not stimulating enough. I find there is not at least at the beginning. There's not enough sort of Feeling in that area for me to actually refocus myself back to the way it feels on the nose But I find that when I breathe through the mouth when I go Like that, it's very easy for me to actually Feel the way the air feels when I breathe in and breathe out So what I do is I keep Breathing like that. I just go and I just feel that feeling in The mouth that cold feeling when the air comes in and out and I keep my focus on it So every time I feel something let's say a slight pain in my back I'll feel the pain and that would obviously me feeling the pain I know that means I'm not focused on the breath because if I'm completely focused on the breath I won't feel the pain. So whenever I feel anything but the breath.  Oh, what about that? Oh, no again And I also have this rule where I try to move as little as possible basically almost perfectly still It's actually when you kind of stay still that you start getting pains in your back If you're really, you know really standing up sitting straight So that's I think that's really where the value comes, you know when you kind of Readjust yourself to make yourself comfortable. You lose a lot of the value Because The whole thing is that you have all these distractions and you're still able to again Bring it back to the breath. So Next time you're meditating Don't try to ignore the hard stuff and don't try to do it in spite of the hard stuff try to use the hard stuff as Leverage, it's like okay. This is a big challenge. So if I can get over this the reward would be bigger It's just like in the gym where most of the actual results you get from weightlifting is In the painful last one or two rep You know if you just go to like seven or eight reps and you don't feel you know It's not really hard for you. You're never really gaining the maximum benefits Whereas if you actually do the extra extra rep, that's like the hardest one At least in the way it feels for me is that this one is like pretty much more important than all the rest of the set You know the reps combined So don't ignore the hard stuff. Don't do it in spite of it. Use it again.  Okay, I'm true. I'm thinking troubling thoughts.  I could transition to the mat to the nose breathing And because I'll be able to pick up on the most subtle feeling of the nose now This is obviously more long-term beneficial because you'll be breathing through your nose most of the time You know outside of meditation So the effect would be you kind of anchor that meditative state to the feeling you get when you breathe through your nose But again, I like to transition From the mouth to the nose because if I just start with the nose breathing I don't have anything to grasp. I don't feel like I have enough Sensation yet in the nose to focus on it So I need to be more present a bit more focused before I can actually pick up the subtle feeling From breathing through your nose. So again, I use it as a transition. So just to summarize Again meditation is about refocusing yourself.    So honing that ability to Be there with whatever happens. That's where you're gonna get the most benefit in life because again Life is about making memories, but it's also about being there through the boring stuff because As much as even I you know as a guy with bipolar Who's traveled the world did the craziest shit?


And I call it Physics 1 because for me this is the first course on learning to think like a real physicist. You might be at university, you might be at college, you might have learned some physics, you learned the equations of motion, you learned some thermodynamics, you learned some optics, you might even have learned something about the atom. But those were essentially teaching your equations and where to use them. It did not teach you how to get to those equations. And even if you derived some of them, you never really understood how physicists got to that and how to use that yourself to develop new avenues of physics. And that's really what you need if you go into quantum mechanics, if you go into high energy physics.  And how do you think like a real physicist, how do you learn anything new? You learn the language. I'm a surgeon, I took the learning of a new language, the language of medicine. I can use terms that no one else out there knows. I learned a new language and the language of physics is pure and simple. It's mathematics. You've got to know mathematics. And that's the essence probably of what is wrong today in teaching physics and mathematics. They're seen as something separate. They should be combined. You should learn a bit of mathematics applied in physics. You should learn some physics and understand the mathematics behind it. And that's what I'll try to do in this course. So you might be at school, you might be interested in becoming a physicist and you just want to get ahead. And that's fantastic these days. You can do that. You can read books on the internet and I'll mention something about that later. You might be tied into some school, some college or university course. There's a prescribed textbook and you have to go chapter one, chapter two, etc. But once again you can jump outside of that. You can look at a variety of other sources and learn something new, something exciting, something extra that might help you in the curriculum that you tie into. Then I write the Elon Musk. There was a very interesting article on him on Bloomberg television not so long ago. Just an interview with him, his life story. And what he mentioned there, now Elon Musk does have a degree in physics, but they asked him how did he learn rocket science. And he just simply said, well I read some books. And it's not about the reading of the books. He said he read a lot of books as a child. It's about the fact that there's an abundance of resources out there today. You can go buy a new textbook, a one that is not prescribed by your course that you're taking. And you can work through that. There's nothing that prevents you from that. And then there's the beauty of the internet. There are uncountable number of courses that you can follow online and learn so much more than your course is telling you to do. So it's the beauty of doing things and learning things yourself. So what are we going to do? We're going to start in lecture one. And we're going to define some things. We're going to define, and by defining, I don't just mean the definition. We're going to try and understand what's behind these things. What is a law of nature? We're going to start obviously with motion. So it will be Newton's laws. What is a conserved quantity? And what is a symmetry principle? So really that's quite a bit different from a normal standard physics course. So these things for lecture one.


I struggled writing this episode. I had a hard time thinking of what I would say about this toy, but I was shocked while researching the Cobra Imp to discover the meaning of life. Hello everybody hooded Cobra Commander 788 here. This is the show where we review every vintage GI Joe toy from 1982 to 1994. The meaning of life. That's right. I discovered it while researching the Cobra Imp and I'm going to tell you what the meaning of life is at the end of this video. But first we must go on a journey. A journey of a very ordinary review of a mediocre toy vehicle. HCC 788 presents the meaning of life and the Cobra Imp. This is the Cobra Imp from 1988. This vehicle was first introduced in 1988 and was also available in 1989. It was discontinued for 1990. It did not include an action figure driver. This is the only version of the Cobra Imp in the vintage era. The word imp means a small demon which aptly describes its small size and reddish color. The blueprints have an acronym for imp. It says infrared imaging programmable imp missile. Given that the purpose of these missiles is to disperse mines. I'm not sure that description makes a lot of sense. This is not an anti aircraft or anti armor missile system. This is a mine deployment system. The missiles split apart to spread anti tank mines. This is not unheard of in real military weaponry. For example, the Chinese type 84 scatterable anti tank mines uses 122 millimeter rockets to deploy mines. It doesn't work exactly the same way as the Cobra Imp, but it's the same general idea. There are other vehicles with a similar color scheme to the Cobra Imp. For example, the 1985 Cobra Moray, the 1986 Cobra Firebat, the 1987 Cobra Jetpack and the 1990 Cobra Piranha. These are all Cobra vehicles, so this is definitely a Cobra color scheme. Cobra is known for blue, black and red, but they also embraced the combination of dark red, gray and yellow. Who would be the opponent of the Cobra Imp on the GI Joe team? Well, I don't think the Joe's would necessarily attack the Imp itself. Rather, they would want to defuse the mines that are dispersed by the Imp, and there are several Joe's that would be attached with that. First of all, from 1983 tripwire, of course, and from 1987 tunnel rat with his specialty as explosive ordinance disposal and then 1988 light foot. In addition, they had a vehicle specifically for this purpose, the 1985 bomb disposal. Let's take a look at the parts and the features of the Cobra Imp. Let's look at the body, which is detailed, very highly detailed and angular, and it's in this dark red color. I would call this color a maroon, but what would you call this color? I've seen it described as maroon, burgundy and red. It's a bit too dark to describe as pure red. It's not as dark as what most color palettes show as maroon, and it's not purple enough to be burgundy. It's close to vermilion, but it doesn't exactly match that either. What would you call this? The front of the vehicle has these triangle armor sections at obtuse angles. It also has these clips, which serve to add more detail to the front end, so I really don't mind the visible clips. Also, it has some textured weld lines, and that is interesting and unique. It doesn't just have armor panel lines. It has a bit of texture there. It also has a yellow emblem right in the center, and this is the older Cobra emblem with the fewer ribs. I don't know why they use one Cobra emblem over another, but if you're observant, you will notice a difference sometimes between the Cobra emblems on the vehicles and the figures. On the lower part of the front, there's this sticker with black lines, and that's probably supposed to be a vent.  The kill marks are on the other side too. And on the port side, there is a red Cobra emblem just below the yellow machine gun. There is this yellow machine gun on the port side of the cockpit. It is mounted on the body. It is made of yellow plastic. There is a grip on one side. It's a very simplistic design. It will swivel. In fact, it'll swivel all the way around, but there's no elevation. The blueprints call this a short throw 50 caliber spring mounted machine gun, but the box calls it a rotating laser gun. The prototype photo on the box shows vent holes on the barrel shroud and a grip at the back. Those are not present on the production toy. At the front top, we have this control panel. It looks like it has a screen and some instruments. It's molded onto the body, so it's the same color as the body. There's not a lot to it. The control panel is outside of the cockpit, which doesn't seem very safe for the driver. Now we have the cockpit itself. It is a single seat with an open top, just an opening right there to put an action figure. There is a seat down there with a little bit of texture in the bottom, but not much. There really is not very much to it. The blueprints call this an ingress slash egress operations seating area, which just means it lets you in and out. Who should drive the Cobra M since it did not include an action figure? Well, the box art and the comic book and a lot of collectors use the 1988 toxo viper. And you know, why not? He can fit right down in there. That's not really his job, but what else are you going to do with them? You can just stick them in there. That's fine. On each side, we have these tread pieces, these very large tread pieces that pretty much take up the entire side of the vehicle. They are in black plastic. They are also highly detailed. And given how much real estate they take up, they need to be really well done, because this is really all the imp has going on the sides. So the detail is really necessary on these really large treads. They are just solid black plastic. They're not real treads. The vehicle does not roll on these. If you look at the underside of the vehicle, you can see how the Cobra Imp really rolls. It has these yellow wheels with axles. It also has a cavity for the driver's seat and some additional detail on the underside of the vehicle. I do like getting detail on the underside of vehicles. That's a nice bonus. Next, we get to the most important part of the vehicle, the missile launcher rack. It is very large. It takes up almost the entire top of the vehicle. It is hinged at the back and it will elevate with a ratchet. It will hold in place because it has these yellow support arms with teeth and that will hold it in place when you move it up and down. It doesn't have a great range of motion. That's about it. The lowest level is not flat. These missiles are meant to be fired up at an arch to deploy mines over a target area. On the missile rack, we have three large missiles in silver plastic. They slot onto the rack with these tabs on the top and bottom fin. These red stickers are meant to be on top so the bottom fin can slot in like that so you can put the missiles on or fire them off. These missiles are all identical. The blueprints call these infrared imaging programmable imp missiles. I'm not sure what the infrared imaging would be used for. These are not meant to target objects. They're meant to target areas for the dispersal of mines. The box for the Cobra Imp calls these ambush missiles. These missiles are surprisingly complex. It's a two-stage missile. The missile tip will detach and the back part of the missile can disperse these yellow ring-shaped mines and these mines are the real payload of these missiles. Each missile has eight yellow mines. They are yellow plastic rings. There is no name for them on the blueprints. The box calls them land mines. With this size, they are more likely anti-tank mines. These mines are often missing. They are meant to be widely dispersed so they could be easily lost. This is the most challenging part of getting a complete imp is making sure you have all these little yellow plastic mines. These missiles are intended for the dispersal of mines, but you don't have to use them for that. When they're fully assembled, they look like just big missiles, so you could use them as anti-aircraft missiles or something like that. With the missiles out of the way, you can see some of the engine detail under the missile rack. This is usually covered up, which is too bad because it's really nice and impressive detail. At the very back, there's this platform with a bit of texture and two foot pegs. So you can attach a couple extra action figures, but there's not much clearance for those foot pegs, so they're really hard to use. It might not be worth even having them, but if you can squeeze them on there, you can sort of hold two more action figures on there. Yeah, that doesn't work very well. Plus, they're ready to have their faces blasted off when the missiles launch. They obstruct the missile rack elevation too. They're just in the way. Yeah, this is not a convenient place for foot pegs. Finally, on that back platform, there is a toe hitch, but there's not very much clearance for that toe hitch either, so that would be difficult to use. And Cobra didn't really have anything to toe in 1988 anyway. The imp is not a front line fighting vehicle. The only gun is more likely for defense. The missiles are not meant to shoot down planes or tanks, though you could use them for that. They're used to disperse mines. The mines are the real weapons on this thing. So would your play pattern include the mines or would you use the Cobra imp just as a missile firing tank? While looking at the various aspects of the Cobra imp, we have already seen the components of the meaning of life. Have you already figured out what it is? Wait till the end of the video to find out. Looking at how the Cobra imp was used in G.I. Joe Media, it was only animated for commercials. It did not appear in the animated series. In the comic book series published by Marvel Comics, it appeared in issue number 87 in the Assault on Destro's Castle. This was the first appearance as far as I can tell. At least, I didn't see any earlier appearances when I flipped through the comics. I didn't see any later appearances either. If it did have later appearances, I think it's fair to say that the Cobra imp was not a major player in the Cobra arsenal. Looking at the Cobra imp overall, it's difficult to say anything about this vehicle. It's not great. It's not terrible. It certainly does exist in three dimensions, doesn't it? This is not a front line assault vehicle. The gun is probably for defense. The three big missiles are not for shooting at planes or tanks. They are for dispersing mines. The colors match other Cobra vehicles. It wouldn't be a great color scheme for G.I. Joe, but it works fine for Cobra. It's not my favorite Cobra color scheme, but it's not the worst either. It exists. It doesn't include a driver. A driver action figure may have really added something, but it doesn't have that. Or you could look at it as it doesn't include a driver, but it does include an empty seat. It holds only one action figure well and two other action figures poorly. It doesn't have any opening doors or hatches or covers. It just is what it is. The three big missiles are big. You could take down some G.I. Joe sky strikers with those, but they're not really meant for that. It has mines. They are small. At least they're yellow, so maybe they won't be too easy to lose. Unless you drop one in your bowl of Cheerios, that's a trip to the hospital. In conclusion, the Cobra Imp is a totally fine vehicle that is okay in every respect and entirely adequate. That was my review of the Cobra Imp. I hope you enjoyed it. Yes, I will give the meaning of life at the end of this video, but before I do that, I'd like to say if you liked the video, please give it a thumbs up on YouTube, subscribe to the YouTube channel, find me on social media, and check out my website, HCC788.com. Cobra Convergence 7 is coming up and announcements will be on the website. You don't want to miss that. Thanks as always to my patrons who allow me to continue doing this. If you'd like to support the channel, Patreon is a great way to do it. You can get some special perks and you can even get your name in videos like the names you see scrolling on the screen right now. Now we are at the end of the video and it's time for me to show you the meaning of life and yet there is nothing here. I have no meaning of life at the end of this video. Now this may make you angry. This may make you think that was a waste of time. This whole thing was just padding to prolong the misery. That was pointless and to that I respond, you see, I did show you the meaning of life at the end of the video after all. Thank you for staying to the very, very end of the video just in case I had something to add about the meaning of life, but nope, I still have nothing. You know what, check the comments section. I'll bet there are a lot of people who have a lot of ideas about it there.


Hi. Hey, it's Bridget. Welcome to Above Life Channel. The purpose here is to inspire your spirit and to fill you with hope. Today we're going to have a very, I think, beautiful conversation. Dare I say that? I'm going to predict it's going to be a beautiful conversation with Tit-Hot-Tit-Not-Tit-Not Han. I'm not very good with the pronunciation, but you know who Tit-Not-Han is, right? So we're going to bring him in an incredible, I will say a peace leader. That's what I'll say. Because that's how it feels, his energy as he steps in. I want to talk with him about healing. So let's have a conversation. Tit-Not-Han. Can you bow with him? Oh, gentle. You're so beautiful to be able to connect with you today. I feel your presence as an, and I don't want to, I know you're very humble. And you've been through a lot in your human expression, and I don't want to make you feel uncomfortable, but I need to, I feel that personal need to say you feel like an ascended master. And you felt like that in human form here. Like this transcendent energy.  I hope that everyone who's watching this video can feel that. Thank you. I would like to speak about grace. All right. Grace. What would you like to share about that? There is no formula. There is not one way to receive grace. It is not something that is achieved. It is not of the mind. In fact, the will would rather be or seem the human will would seem contrary to grace. Although, okay, this is really, you guys, this is tough because his words and my words, I add extra words. He really doesn't need a lot of words. We could just sit here. I can channel energy and hold sacred space and you, if you're empathic and in tune and understand any kind of energy, you will feel the peace that pours through. I hope that you will take a moment to just do that with me. The image of the lotus flower comes in to create safe and sacred space for our conversation. I want to honor you and to those who will receive the purest, most beautiful form of energetics through you in this conversation that we have. And be blessed because of your presence essence and because of their ability to be open to blessing. To presence, because presence is required. There is so much that is flowing in from his energy and so I'm going to speak part in his words and part in my words to help you understand the truest essence of what is being shared through feeling because there, there is quite a bit of energy that is soft. It's so soft. It's like a warm cup of tea energetically. Please continue about grace. I don't think from your spirit that gives your heart the support it needs to heal. The mercy that you seek is the begging of the mind to stop the pain. The heart is what processes the pain and as you have shared, he says in body, the body is not simply a vessel. If you consider it as a jar to be filled with water or light or air energy, that perhaps would be the most rudimentary way to describe the body. One, it actually is this miraculous, interwoven, collaborative creation through God as a humankind man. To experience suffering, the body must be part of the experience while emotional suffering and pain is quite real and can be very raw. The energetics of what you experience is quite extraordinary actually, but it is beyond the comprehension of the mind. You must understand it in your human framework, which is the body and the heart. So the feeling and emotion and the feeling and the sensory experience you have, the experiences you have in these ways is the processing, which is always in a goal of understanding because understanding, understanding leads to growth. This is what you seek. The sense of acceptance and rejection, understanding that only you are the true master. The choices that you make are indeed your own. So this grace is about the gift that comes from within to help make sense of or that's not the right words he uses. Can I try again here? Grace is intended as a state of awareness that is heightened during times of suffering and despair. It is a deep, seated forgiveness that comes through the God, the source inside of you. It's interesting because I'm using the term God because that's how it translates to me, but he's not really, he's not saying God, it's different. And I know he's Buddhist, I know that. But there is this assumption of understanding of a collective universal conscious awareness of a source which internal or personified exists. So that's what I'm just going to share with you. I'm going to do my best to share everything he's saying. Some of this is personal because that would be a natural thing during a conversation with someone who is a teacher to want to teach me directly. And I say that because he just said, your back is sore. Yes, yes. I'm still feeling bad, yes. And he says it would help to release the breath. Try not to hold your breath. That is a form of constriction and restraint and holding your breath is a way to tighten the grip to it is contrary to letting go.  When you feel the pain as you move. That is trying to keep the pain in place, keep it small. And what it really needs is the freedom to move grow flow to move away. It needs permission to be let go. So you can ask yourself what is it that I'm holding in my body. I'm holding it at this awareness point of pain and bringing that grace up from inside you. It literally looks like a flower with little kind of points on it. Like a lily or an iris or something like that. And little antennas almost is what it looks like. But it's at the base of the body. So he literally shows me the image of the lotus. And I see like the lily pad and underneath it. I see just all this brown mud. But it's not thick. It's just lightly spread. It's not deep.  It's not an abyss is what he's showing me. It's not an abyss.  He's literally showing me like a like a milk chocolate look just all flattened out. It's really smooth. Very anything very gentle. The mud is gentle for you now. It is cooling. It is not. It is soothing. It is it is the way of almost done. He's showing me kind of this transmuting the pain. And to this prolonged energetic suffering that creates a opportunity for expanded growth in all the layers of us. So our hearts are understanding our emotions, our relations and interactions with others with the natural world. Mostly he says it's not really the mind that does this. It is the base core of who you are as a human in a body. So it is at the base chakra. So it's like the low base of the hips. So it's the root chakra. That mud is the root chakra. And then up shows me the lily pad, which would be the sacral chakra area, which is the area of growth, a platform that if you know about the chakras, the sacral chakra is very driven, career oriented, passion desired drive. It's where a reproduction is male or female. It's just really about creating the energy of manifestation is there. And so how we choose to use that. So that lily pad is the base. So to like us. And then the lotus, but then he's showing me like points out of a lotus. And I don't think there's any points, but he's showing me like an antenna. He says, ah, as it opens in the different leaves or petals of the flower, each serve their own unique purpose, much like the stages and phases of your life serve a unique purpose. Did you hear that everyone? Pay attention. Just like the lotus, each of the blooms, the petals that full fall open, revealing a different stage or level of life. They're unique, but they're still connected to the whole of who we are. So how does grace fit in then? To me, I want to say it's like an elixir, like a honey or something that just is sweet and calm, soothing and sweet. You don't need too much. You just need enough. And he says, he's showing me the inner workings of the body. So again, we're coming back to the body grace in the body grace in the body. And I get this combination of forgiveness and being kind forgiveness and kindness. He says the only thing that exists as the self. And the perception of understanding, the understanding, he doesn't say perception, the self and the perception of self. So what you are experiencing or moving through in life is reflective in your body, in the way that you feel and the way that you move, the things that you are attracted toward, and the things that are showing up into your life, presenting themselves to you. There is only self. And so you are the one that gives and receives. There is not really an external. There's only internal. The internalization is the understanding then that flows out of you to support the environment that you are part of, which is through the beauty of your presence, your existence creates a beauty through all of the mud, all of the pains and the suffering that has created the ripe environment for the lotus to bloom for you to bloom and have different life experiences in this lifetime. It is possible for grace to exist. And for one to not know it or understand it or to ever feel it. It is not necessarily it does not mean it is not there within. It is. It is a natural part of the energy that makes up you. He says it's like a tool for you. It's like a different crystal or rock or a different card. That you might pull. It's like that. It's like that. It's deep. Can we do something about this low back? Where is it at? Where is the pain in your body? My low right back connected to my sacrum and my hip. Now I can cheat a little, you guys, because I can see it visually and I know that it's related to the original cells of the sacrum connected to both the root and the sacrum. It is about realignment and a reevaluation of values and belief system that are at the core of me. And so that's part of what's happening, but also the hip on the right side is pulled. It's like it's kind of going in two directions. I've been adjusted at the chiropractor and I've been to acupuncture. So I know that I actually know that the hip was out of alignment. The hip was the focus. And I thought that's interesting because the hip then would be one of, as the lotus, if you look at your body and your hips being the blooms of the lotus, right? The two, right? And then the third is you coming up, right? And the right piece, the right bloom. So if I use grace as a medicine for this pain, what would that look like or how would that feel? I see it as kind of a paste, a, a white paste with like a light pink lavender and mauve energy. And I see that. And it's interesting because it's focusing on the backside. It's like trying to move forward, but being pulled back and connected to again, those eight original cells at the sacrum. So that's, that's what I see given this connection. It says, what would it take to be at peace in peace? Peace with peace. So if grace is about forgiveness and kindness, now you're asking me about peace. There's a third component. Grace is forgiveness, kindness and peace. So it is forgiveness, kindness and peace. I see a journal prompt coming on. Grace is forgiveness, kindness and peace. So what part is this? It says, you desire peace. Yeah, I do. Because it's, there's a lot of chaotic. It feels, it feels un-painful. It feels like it suffers me. And there's a lot of chaotic, conflicting, contrasted energy. Yeah. I think in the world as a whole for everyone, but it feels like, yeah, peace is the goal. It's the goal. It's the goal. It's the internal peace, internalized and then expressed in the aura or energy field, not given to other people, you guys, but internalized and then in the field that creates almost like this greenhouse effect for us. Yeah, that's perfect metaphor. Green house effect for us. Kind of like humidity in the air piece. So what would it take. For that to be honored. Cultivated or received. There's a lot of tightness in my low belly. It's definitely a sacral chakra. Dreams and desires. Intention for life. No, that's the solar plexus. That's a spirit. The intention is the direction and action of the soul. Moving with the support of the mind, external to express externally exterior. He says it's interesting because he does say exterior. When I say express outside, he says exterior. Interesting. I feel that there. There is a separation. He says that's what all pain is caused by a separation. A belief of separate. For some that I'm going to say isolation feels like isolation or loneliness. He says loneliness. Serves a purpose. It's not intended to be connected to suffering, but it often is. But the person is never alone. Because you are with you. You are with you. You have all of the resources in you. Coming through you to. Be in a state of loneliness. To be in a state of loneliness is a. The expression of a misunderstanding of. Being alone or solo. This time of soloneness is needed. To offer reflection and rest. Not to solve problems. That is a big misunderstanding for many. The rest time, the alone time. It's not. To figure out the things that you are thinking or contemplating or working with. It is intended to create a. Opportunity. For you to simply be. In a state where you can feel. What it is that you desire the underneath. Peace. So if you are seeking peace, if you just want peace. Want things to calm down a bit. This part. It's not going to be where you would. Allow. The internal expression. If there is something to be gained from this pain. It is. Not. Going to be known. When you are. In a state of trying to fix it. It cannot give you wisdom. It will go away when it's taught you what you need to know. Like the situation, the circumstance, right. Physical pain, emotional pain, what have you. So what is it that you are wrestling with that. Is sticking around or keeps coming back. Can you help us with that with cycles or patterns? Can you help us with that? There is something to be gained then. With it. It is as you would maybe consider unfinished business. But it's never been intended to be a great mystery. Or a deep unknown. It is simply for the opportunity to pause. To reflect to rest. And in the time of caring and sleep. Whether it be conscious physical body sleep or. Meditation. At some point you will receive. The knowing. Which will bring forward an understanding. That will create an open space. To allow the pain to move. To shape shift. And become known by you. In a way that can give you. Whatever you need. In relationship with it. Because it certainly does serve a purpose. To create a relationship to pain. It is a. Pain in general is a natural part of the human experience. It is it is. Part of the contrast that creates. The opportunity for us to make choices. And the choices can't just be made by the mind. It's got to be. A full. I want to say connection, but he. Is a full experience of. Life. Requires one to be. Able to move. Through and with like you showing me like water swimming through water. Swimming with the current letting like things. Like floating with just singing an energy. Kind of a raft and floating down. With the current kind of energy. That's what you came here for. Because it moves you forward. So pain serves a purpose. The concept of suffering isn't something that. Is for. Is for and like he's giving me that's energy of like advancement. Through understanding. And that's what you came here for. So the experiences provide understanding. That is what you gain. It's knowledge. Guys, it's knowledge. It's wisdom. It's wisdom. It's wisdom. It's wisdom. It's a real battle between our brains. And our souls, right? Because what are you a human more spirit? You're both. So it's like you got two CEOs. Actually have more than that because now we have the body really getting intuitive. And that's definitely a theme. I've noticed the body's super intuitive. In good ways and very challenging ways. And. The heart has been there's been an increase in the whole world. And it's been there's been an increase in the whole world. Not just spiritual, but now mainstream and counseling and in personal development and self-help. Of the empath, the highly sensitive person there for years now for like probably the last six, seven, seven years, probably there's been that deeper understanding and empath has used the term. As a broadly widely accepted thing. So it's like a psychological psychology kind of thing. And so. That's deep, isn't it? Show me a ton of yellow. A lot of solar plexus spirit energy. A lot. He's saying the flowers are blooming. He says in the springtime, the flowers are blooming. He's saying it's just a reflection of the beauty. Just the reflection of the cycles and the process. Of life. It's a process of suffering. It's a process of suffering. It's a process of suffering. Dormancy. Finding peace. And recovering through. Moving into. A new layer, a new place. That provides you with. Deeper understanding. Of yourself. Everything truly as a reflection. Of you.  All right. That's awesome. Now I see a little green energy. So green energy, green light or green, the color green comes in as a healing agent. So we're going to receive that in a heart space, take a nice breath in and then exhale out. Oh, yeah, to release the energy and throat chakra. Definitely tapping into that throat chakra as well. So we've talked about the rich chakra, the sacral chakra, solar plexus, the heart chakra and the throat chakra. Okay. So this is Bridget. Thanks so much for being here with our channeling conversation from the afterlife with Tit Nhat Hanh. Thank you so much for being here. We should have definitely have more deeper conversations in the future. Very much a mellow and peaceful, just beautiful energy. Thank you so much for being here. Thank you for watching. I hope we've inspired your spirit today. Filled you with some hope.  What's your life after all? You get to live it. Just live it. Thanks for being here.


Thank you very much, Ms. Sarah Wayne, distinguished speakers and also participants. Ladies and gentlemen, we are now entering the closing sessions of our high-level policy dialogue today. I would like to inform you that we have more than 300 people joining online, and so far we have more than 120 people also joining offline at Hotel Borobudur with us right now. And I would like to invite for Professor Iskander Zulkarnain-Siregar from IPB University to wrap up the sessions today. Please, Professor Iskander, time is yours. So I have a little bit, a little slight, because my time is only seven minutes according to the committee. So this is a wrap-up session. So I'm Iskander Siregar from IPB University. Good afternoon. So we know that we have three sessions. Session one is again to recall the palm oil price fluctuation and supply change. So in the morning, much longer discussion, very good discussion and full of new information, delivered by, I think, 7th resource version. The session two is a global food and energy crisis and impacts on the palm oil sustainability roadmap. So we're talking about the sustainability roadmap. The session three is environment, just now. Finish, environment and livelihoods of people facing the global crisis. Later, I think the committee will show on the slide the session one. The price fluctuation, of course, influenced by multi-factors such as global production decrease in mostly vegetable oils in many countries, many producing countries, disruption of supply due to conflicts or war in this case. Next, this one. Third one, of course, climate change, weather anomaly. The fourth policy changes in some market countries, considering the global situation. And the fifth is the use of, of course, this has been mentioned also, vegetable oil for biofuels. Impact of global palm oil price fluctuation and climate change, of course, rising in the price, but now in Indonesia, like in Indonesia, current cooking oil price is stabilizing. Decrease on yields. So we talk about the productivity, particularly more on small holders. In this case, it's independent. The third one developed. So there are a lot of discussion on developing mitigation and adaptation strategies via certification instrument or sustainability standards. Links between the price fluctuation and supply chains as well as the governance. Global CPO trade is in Indonesia for not regulated for food and fuels, including at the site level. Identified gaps in the sustainability system. So in this case, we need more capacity building. Identified vulnerable small holders versus the non ones. And consideration also on the palm oil labors. So labors are very important, especially when we discuss with the industry or companies, facing maybe shortage of labors in the future. The measures discussed addressing the expected, the next, I would say, booming in the production due to yield improvement because of a lot of initiative for improving the productivity. And it was not also the working at the sub-national level, like district level, for securing the, let's say, good prices, despite in the future or in the next coming months or years, over supply. And the third one discussing on the benefit sharing mechanism for certification, such as how to handle the audit cost especially for the small holders. Next. This one is the second one. Global food energy crisis and impacts on the oil pump sustainability roadmap. So Professor Harry mentioned both the four identified key drivers for the crisis conflict, harvest, failure or losses, poverty and inequality. However, the crisis, despite the crisis or disruption, there are still positive trends increased in the product certification and also the commitment towards the sustainability. This is very important. Current global supply chain is fragile and the subsequent impact due to this condition hits harder on the disadvantaged groups, the ones who have very small size area with low productivity and lack of capacity. The measures, more and more collaboration, it is easy to be mentioned, we need producers, buyers, country, let's talk together. Keep meeting the sustainability criteria including sticking to the standard of sustainability. More dialogues on trade and markets, transparency and traceability including research and innovation. We should appreciate the result of the research innovation. Continuing the works for the global recognition of the national standard like Ispo, DIA has mentioned, sharing the cost for reaching the sustainable pump oil, eliminating the bad actors, extending the certified markets to alternative ones, the country like in Asia, India, China and accelerating the Ispo for small holders. Next. The third one, environment and livelihood, we still, we just heard from the resource person more discussion. Now, okay, with beyond the climate issue and desperation in this case is food system, for example, has been mentioned by Pak Suryaya through the different kind of innovation. More attention on intercropping, although it is at small scale trials, but we need to recheck the potential of this kind for food security, biodiversity enrichment in the plantation, et cetera. Small holders' livelihood is very vulnerable, impact on the crisis, on the livelihood we heard from the field. For example, water resources and it also have consequences on the household consumption. Pest, in this case, for example, is a maulat api and number of, because of this situation, increasing the number of poor households, the measure increasing resilience, doing more capacity building on good agriculture practice. Last one is maybe from the last discussion, reconciling the policies and the actors, for example, using the landscape approach. Next, I think that's all I could do, but of course this can be enriched with more discussion and better organization. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Professor Iskander, for the wrap up of the talk session. Now please welcome Mrs. Brigitta Iswaro from C4Ecraft and also a senior journalist who will lead the way forward round table discussion planning. Mrs. Brigitta, please try to make sure. This is the result of the research that shows the complexity of the question regarding the palm oil and the economic crisis, energy and global economic crisis that we are facing now. In terms of the global palm oil, we have heard the complex issues that are quite significant among the prices in the global market with the sustainability issues that we are facing. And also, the lack of the production of palm oil or palm oil. From the results of the research, we found that the important factor to achieve the sustainability that appears is the working energy question and the condition of no deforestation and above all that is the green buyers. All actors, including big companies, corporations and also non-plasma companies have their own challenges. But the most important is the impact of all the crises and the situation of the global palm oil, the non-plasma companies. Now we know from what we discussed that the future challenges will be more difficult. It will not end soon. Because of what? Because the climate change has changed into a climate crisis. And in the case of the pandemic, we don't know whether it will end. Especially because of the Russian-Ukrainian war which we have never imagined will take place in this era. Based on what we have discussed today, we have to continue to walk. We can't stop here to find the right strategy. If we can't find the solution, at least we can find the right strategy because the conditions will always change in the future. For that, SIVOR IGRAPH plan to do a roundtable discussion to discuss this matter more deeply and more openly in a discussion that can be hoped to be done in a period of time. And that discussion is hoped to be more intense, deeper and involve more stakeholders. For that, before we can do a roundtable discussion, we ask all of you online or offline to keep giving feedback. But what should we pay more attention to? What should we discuss? Should we analyze more? Should we discuss in the future? For that, we use the application to get a word cloud. All of you can enter the feedback through the link. So, this is the QR scan, right? QR scan. Or, oh, it's already on each page, please. Please download it, enter the gadget, then there will be three points. The topic that you want to discuss more deeply is hoped to be three topics from each participant. Later, we will see results from the input given through the word cloud. The word cloud will show what words appear most often. That means that the largest number of words is the condition of palm oil, especially for the interests of the country and especially for farmers. Many have been told about the impact of global warming and crisis. Okay, this is very interesting. Please, when there are 50 people, 49 participants, 49 participants, 47, 46, 45, there are many. This is not wrong. There is one word that does not move, and there was no word, actually. It seems that the word was waited from earlier and did not come out. Okay, it seems... Yes, are all unexpected? Why are the other letters big? Are you confused? Okay. Okay, it's done. Could we assume that this is already done? Yes, I think we can assume that it's already done. Okay. Oh, no, no. It's still moving. 252. Oh, nice. 156. This is interesting. This means that there are many participants and they all contribute. After this, maybe we can make chaos. Done? I think you can assume that it's done because as long as people are putting their feedback, it will keep moving around. Oh, I see. So you should stop the feedback? Well, sort of, yes. Yes. So please do what you should do. I think for the participants, you can stop to send feedback now so that we can have a final wrap up. I ask for the all participants, please stop the feedback so we can just see what the result is. Well, the result is the most... is gender. The word gender. And the second one is Papua. And the third one is metapopulasi. Okay. And close to that is Enkate, oligarchy, biodiversity. Which one? High conservation value. Yeah, but the three that the most accused is metapopulasi, Papua, gender. And then high conservation value, we can take note on that. Yeah. Does anybody take note of this? Yeah, I think someone from C4. Yeah, okay, I'll write it down. Gender, metapopulasi, oligarchy, biodiversity. Can we save it? Yeah, okay, good. By the way, we have already seen all the word cloud. So later, internally, by C4, will be discussed how to address the round table discussion. Get ready, maybe among all of you who are here, you will get an invitation to get involved in the round table discussion. With this, my job is done. Thank you for all the participation at the end of this panel discussion. Good health for all of us. I hope we can meet again in a better condition. Thank you. Good evening. Thank you very much, Miss Brigita, for leading the way for the round table discussion planning. And also thank you, your distinguished guest and also participant for your participation. Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to inform you that the presentations from these high level policy dialogue can be accessed in the event webpage and also will be emailed to you along with certificate. Comedy, can you show the link for the presentation material? This is the event webpage that you can access. And ladies and gentlemen, this is the end of our high level policy dialogue today. Palm oil and environmental sustainability, first in food, climate and also energy crisis. Thank you very much for your participation. We hope to see you again on the next Thread Hub event and see you. Please give a round of applause for all of us.


This is stock number 9211A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. We are checking out this super clean 2011 Chevy Silverado 1500 Extended cab short box. This truck has the 5.3 liter VA motor. From this HD video you'll be able to tell that this truck's in really nice shape considering the age at miles on it. It has some aftermarket headlamps in it, some LED fog lights. This truck has brand new Nitto Terra Grappler tires. These are 22 inch rims and these are 33 by 12 and a half R22 tires. Moto metal chromed rims. These tires have all the tread left. We put these on in our safety inspection. Brand new tires all the way around on this truck. Front fender is absolutely perfect. The hood is in really nice condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on it. Front bumper is in really nice condition as well. The passenger side tire is brand new too. And this rim is in really nice shape as well. And as we go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is. How reflective and glass like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just can't make the trip down. You can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. Very clean down this side of the truck. You can see that these back tires are brand new as well. Have all the tread left on them. And this does have Magnaflow exhaust with the dual pipes in back. See the frame and underbody on this truck. It's in really nice condition. Lower rockers all look really good as well. As do the bottom of the doors. Back rims in nice condition too. Laser blue metallic is the color. Has a nice Magnaflow chrome tip. On the back there sounds really good. Tailgate is in really nice shape. No denser dings on that. It has a locking tailgate. Full towing package which includes a receiver hitch and 7 pin wiring. One little ding on the rear bumper there but other than that. Didn't see too much wrong with the truck. The bed has a couple of light duty scratches and stuff but it's a truck so that's what happens to trucks. And it does have a Truxedo tonneau cover. I didn't see any rips or tears on that tonneau. Nice condition. Down this side of the truck. Just as clean as the passenger side. This one does have the Z71 Off-Road Suspension Package which gives you the skid plates and the Rancho Shocks. Didn't see any denser dings down this side of the truck. Very very clean.  There are no rips. There are no tears in these seats. Very very well taken care of. Has factory all-weather floor mats throughout. Carpeting is nice and clean underneath. Power windows, power locks and power mirrors. Now it has telescopic tow mirrors. And they do not power fold in but has the button must have had power folds at one time. But now it has telescopic tow mirrors so that's an upgrade. Auto headlamps, information center. And you can see that this truck has 53,609 miles. Has the cruise controls on that side. Steering wheel is in really nice condition. And Bluetooth audio controls on this side. Turned out four-wheel drive, CD player, dual climate control and stability track. Has a six-speed automatic transmission. You get on-star capabilities, homelink buttons. And then they got LED lights in the dome lights which is pretty nice. You get the 40-20-40 split bench seating. No rips or tears in these seats. Very clean inside. This truck does come with side current airbags. All-weather floor mat on that side. The thing I like most about these extended cabs is the doors open up all the way. Which makes it loading stuff and getting in really easy. Also they have the power windows in back. This is a nice feature. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips or tears back here. And they are in really nice condition as well. These seats do fold up for extra storage. And you can see that the carpeting and floor mats back here are in really nice shape. As well. Really nice truck inside and out. It's got a really sharp look. The laser blue metallic is always a really good color. You don't see it too often on these extended cabs. Under the hood we have the 5.3 liter V8 motor. Engine bay is very clean. Runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And it has brand new tires all the way around. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SCVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it. We got to go to our website www.SummitAuto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot. Videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at SummitAuto.com. Thanks for checking out my video. If you want to make this truck yours, give us a call right now at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates to make this truck yours today. Once again that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks for checking out my video. If you like it and want to check out more videos like it, go to www.youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe and share. In fact in a second you will see a subscribe button on your left. A link to more half ton truck videos like this one on your right. If you haven't been to our website, on the bottom, a link to this truck on our website. Check the truck out, check us out. We look forward to helping you with this super clean 2011 Chevy Silverado 1500 Extend Cab Short Box. Thanks again.


I am Professor Dr. Satish Kumar Kashyat from Walsh and Institute of Technology going to present stream flow hydrograph. Learning outcomes of this particular video. At the end of this session the students will be able to describe the concept of stream flow hydrograph. The students will be able to draw hydrograph using given data. The students will be able to explain significance of stream flow hydrograph with reference to floods influencing human settlements. Coverage. Flood pictorial views we will see, then rainfall on our process we will understand. Typical stream flow hydrograph we will see, we will see the definition of hydrographs and then we will discuss the importance of predicting hydrograph. Here we see a typical picture, a river which is carrying a big flood and this is a bridge. So this can give you the idea that in the rainy seasons how rivers are flooded we will always like to have the information of the flood which is passing a particular section of river at a particular time. This is another picture of flooding in the Pecos River of New Mexico. We observe that this is a river and at the time of floods water is also spread on both the banks of the river to great extent. So those are also called as the flood plains where water reaches during the floods. This is an aerial view of the flooded Ganges that is Ganga river in Alhambad city. Here we observe a picture in Bihar which is the worst flood affected states of India that whenever Ganga and its tributaries are flooded we will find water spreads on both the banks of river and a large area of the ground fields goes under water. So the picture itself will tell you that we should study, we should understand, we should analyze the floods which influence the human settlements in many ways. Why to construct and analyze hydrographs? We construct and analyze the hydrographs to find out the discharge patterns of particular river basin over a period of time to predict the flooding events and to plan flood prevention or flood mitigation measures well in advance. Now this is a picture which shows you the process of a heterologic cycle precipitation surface runoff groundwater flow we can see from this. So whenever there is rainfall that is precipitation, some water will flow over the surface of ground that is overland flow, some water will infiltrate into the ground, some water will once again come out as an interflow on surface water but some water will percolate and move to the deep groundwater. So water which is stored in the ground is taken by the plants for their metabolism, some water which is taken by the plant and again given out by the leaves that is called as transpiration. The groundwater is also not stable groundwater always finds a way very slowly towards the rivers or oceans. So here there is a channel. Now let us come to a definition of hydrograph. Hydrograph is a graphical representation of discharge in cubic versus time. In hours or days at a particular time on the stream or channel which drains the watershed area. Now what is the importance of predicting hydrograph? The hydrograph will enable us to manage the storm water, to identify the flood plans on downstream side, to place the hydraulic structures at safer level. Efficient urban storm water management plans can be defined by knowing the hydrographs. It will help us to design the different types of hydraulic structures and it will minimize the effects of floods because by knowing the hydrographs one can plan the mitigation measures. Now this is a typical storm hydrograph. So here we will understand the hydrograph. So you find that this is a time axis and this is a discharge axis, discharge in cubic meter per second or so. Now in this graph two things are shown. One graph is shown for precipitation or rainfall. So this is from this time to this time we find a rainfall. And the intensity of rainfall is varying with a time and then this hydrograph gives you how water accumulates and starts flowing at a particular river section under consideration. Initially before the storm, before the rainfall the tendency of water that is discharge in the river is reducing but when water starts coming into the river you will find that the discharge starts increasing. So the start of discharge is indicated by this pulverizing limb. Now we observe that there is certain time difference between peak rainfall and the peak discharge time that is called as a lag time. The peak discharge here is reaching here say at this particular time. After the water starts receding in the river channel and this hydrograph falls down in this way which is called as a falling or a recession limb. Now whenever there is water flowing in the river you will also find that there is a percolation of water to the ground water and you will find that this will be the increase in base flow going on in this way. When surface water stops contributing here once again the flow in a channel will be the ground water flow or a base flow. So this is a typical storm hydrograph which we have seen time versus discharge due to surface water as well as ground water. Again the surface water is divided into surface runoff and thorough flow as we discussed previously. Now let us understand the response of a channel to the precipitation characteristics and so on. So the physical characteristics of catchment affect the hydrograph its pattern. What are those properties? It will be land use, the vegetation present in catchment, the type of soil, the drainage area of catchment, the shape of basin, the elevation, the slope of watershed, the topography, the direction and orientation of watershed, drainage network patterns, the ponds, lakes, reservoirs, sinks in the basin which also moderate the stream flow. Now there are also meteorological factors which affect the runoff process. The first is the type of precipitation that is whether it is in form of rain, snow, sleet, the intensity of rainfall, the intense rainfall provides gives high peaks, rainfall amount that is the depth of rainfall, the rainfall duration that is over how much period the rainfall is continued, distribution of rainfall over the watershed, direction of the storm moments, the antecedent precipitation and resulting soil moisture. Other meteorological climate conditions that affect the vapor or the vapor transpiration, the temperature, wind, relative humidity and so on. So all these meteorological factors have a significant effect on the. Now let us understand the impact of various factors on the shape of hydrograph. So time was a discharge, so the how shape of basin, if the shape of basin is in this way you will find in initial stages only there will be high concentration because water reaches in the very shorter time, water reaching from the farthest plate a place takes a long time. Whereas if the shape of basin is in this way in initial stages, so peak will take a time to reach, here there may be two peaks observed because of shape of this watershed or this river basin. The drainage density also matters, where there is good drainage or good drainage density will find the peak will be reached at the earlier time. Whereas drainage density is lesser water will take a time to reach the outlet of the basin and then you will find the hydrograph will be spread over more time. So in this way, now if you see the fern shape type of catchment, the peak will be lower whereas if you see the fern leaf shape type of catchment, so here you will find the all water will appear simultaneously or in lesser time at the outlet of the basin and here you will find that the peak is more and hydrograph will be have a smaller. Questions, the runoff is affected by number 1 type of precipitation, number 2 rain intensity and duration of rainfall, number 3 rain distribution and soil moisture deficiency, number 4 all the above. One more question is the rising limb of hydrograph is also known as S curve, concentration curve, flow mass curve, double mass curve and these are the answers. So here you can observe one more picture, this is the main channel of the river and water spread on both the banks of river. So hydrographs also help the hydropower projects for electricity generation. So this is the intake where this is a river and here we are transferring water to hydropower plant generating water using the available head and again what is listed here. So hydrograph also will be useful for estimating the power potential and the availability of water which is available there for the hydropower plant. So these are the references which I use for this video. Thank you.