When the narcissist gives you breadcrumbs, this is something that may often happen When you're trying to meet someone when you're trying to develop a bond or build a relationship But you end up with someone who is just giving you breadcrumbs Someone who has no intention of taking things further But they like the attention so they may flirt with you They may send you messages just to keep you interested To lure you in without expending much effort But they have no intention of building anything with you Which is why it lacks a significant amount of interest Which is why it lacks completeness Because it's done with little effort or care They give you the minimum amount of attention Because they don't really care about you It's just the occasional meeting, message or phone call Just to keep you interested Just to keep your attention on them Just to keep you hoping that maybe it will develop into something more But they always act like they're busy They say they're occupied with something else There's always something else they have to do It's like they're busier than celebrities or CEOs Which should be your first warning of danger Because no normal person is going to be that busy every day But at some point you will get bored or impatient with them You may begin to put your attention somewhere else And that is when they will start to improve That is when they will start putting more effort To get your attention back on them again But they're not really serious about you They're just including you, temporarily or as a substitute Until they can find something else They're just using you to occupy their time When they have nothing else to do Or when they're not talking to a person they're really interested in Which is why they're so unreliable Which is why they can't make up their mind They might say they're going to do something But they never follow it up with action Instead They will cancel meetings at the last minute They will say they're going to call you But they never do They might make up excuses They might give a reason why they couldn't be there Or they will say that they forgot about it There's always something that comes up to prevent you from engaging Because unknowingly to you They are always involved with multiple people There's always someone else they're talking to Which is why they're always forgetting about you Because you're just an alternative plan of action For use of their original plan should fail You're just there for when the person they're really interested in is busy Because they can't deal with being alone They need constant attention They get bored very easily So to cure their boredom They fill up their spare time with other people It makes them feel wanted It makes them feel alive When they have a lot of different options to choose from They don't really value a relationship They see it as a prison sentence They see it as something that prevents their freedom As something that's holding them back Which is why they don't really want a serious relationship with anyone But they want the benefits of a serious relationship They want someone to take care of them They want someone to take them out to eat And give them a place to stay But they don't want to be loyal or committed to anyone Because they already know they're not capable of being in a serious relationship They know they're not reliable They know they have issues But they don't want to deal with it Instead they will fail to meet you when they said they would They will lead you on They will mislead you into believing that they are interested in you They will make you think you're building a relationship with them While they have no intention of building anything with you Which is why they will never take the subsequent move They will never take the following action They will never take the succeeding act And they will never be a later phase They will give you the minimal amount Just to keep you interested But they will never take it any further Because they don't want to have a serious relationship with you They don't want it to go any further Unless you have something that is more beneficial to them Than what the other people they're involved with have to offer Then they may give you the impression that you are their number one They may make you believe that you're in a committed relationship But they will always have other people to call on If things go sour with you They will always have other backup options They have a serious habit And it's not going to stop just because they've met you Because you're doing what they want you to do That's not going to stop them from being involved with other people Who they may anticipate and entertain As a future possibility They're not going to stop doing that just because they've met you And they know this They know they can't change that side of them They may not be meeting these people that they're entertaining But there's always the possibility that one day they will Because they're leading you on And making you believe they want to be with you But then they're also doing the same thing to someone else They may be having sex with you But they're talking to someone else As though they may have a future with them as well They're entertaining multiple options So they have multiple possibilities available to them Which is why they never put all of their effort into you You never feel like they're really trying to build something with you They're just giving you breadcrumbs Because they're bored Because they fear that you're going to leave And they need your attention They need to feel like you want them They only care about their own needs And when you realise what you're dealing with You need to focus on your own needs And realise that no one is going to be that busy No one is going to forget about you that easily There's just no way That people who are really genuinely interested in someone Could forget about them Or decide that they're not going to meet them If you really want something You will make time for it You can always make time for what you want If you want it enough So if they're not making time for you They must not want you as much as they say they do They will give you their little stories and excuses It will seem like there's always something that comes up There's always something that goes wrong But when two people are really interested in each other Things run smoothly When someone is really that interested in you And they're wanted to build with you Their actions will be congruent to what they say to you If they're not Then there's something they're not telling you There's something you're not aware of They're just playing a sick game with you Because they only care about themselves They need to have multiple options to keep themselves entertained They don't really care about you They don't really value you So you need to stop valuing them You need to stop making them so important in your life Because they are insatiable They cannot be satisfied with one thing They need multiple things They need multiple people Because deep down they know they're never going to make anyone happy They know they're never going to succeed in keeping something meaningful They know they're never going to restrict themselves to you and only you They know that at some point They're going to mess it up anyway And they know they're never going to be enough for you They know that you could do a lot better than them Which is why they don't take it seriously They always seem to lack excitement and enthusiasm Because they're just sitting back and waiting for things to fall apart Because they already know what they're like They know that at some point they're going to fail you and the situation somewhere down the line So why give everything they have Why put all of their energy, effort and time into it Why make it into something more than what it is When they already know how they are and what they are When they know it's never going to turn out to be something important So they just give you breadcrumbs They just use you for their own entertainment They toy with you It's like cat and mouse And it's only because they don't want to be alone They do it just to keep you interested in them But once you realize what you're dealing with You need to take a leaf out of their book And stop giving them all of your attention Stop investing your time and energy into them Stop making them so important And make something else more important in your life Focus on yourself Talk to other people Because they're never going to invest an adequate amount of time and energy into you If you were so important to them They would have done that by now Which is why you need to look at their actions rather than their words And realize that they're preoccupied with other people They're not intending to build anything with you And then you can free yourself to move on And find someone who is about that for real Someone who values you Someone who wants to be with you Someone who will not waste your time Thank you for watching I hope this video resonates with you Please like, comment, share and subscribe If you would like to donate My PayPal link is in the video description CoachingInquiries You can email me at coachingatmarks5.uk Thank you for watching And I'll talk to you soon


I'd like to talk about why I'm actually working on FPGAs at the moment and what I'm doing on FPGAs. I started off in electronics quite a long time ago, probably 25 years ago. But in all that time I hadn't really used FPGAs. So let me tell you a little bit of a story about how I got there. I probably recognise some of these people, certainly the two on the left. One of you may recognise the person on the right as well. We'll say more about him in a little bit. I'll talk about why I'm working on FPGAs. So here's me and some of my friends. It's my friends that need the FPGAs, not me. I'm a lad. But it will help you communicate with them. This is something we're seeing a lot. This is somebody's idea, a company's idea of the future in terms of very high requirements in terms of getting information in and out of silicon, processing that information, by our FPGAs, etc. So for me it all started in my childhood with one of these. I don't know if anyone recognises those things. I see Kenneth smiling. I probably had something similar, which sparked my interest. It got me through a few different magazines working my way up to different kinds of publishing. I would make things. It didn't always work. It mostly didn't work in fact, but it actually got me going. Then one day I got one of these. This sent me off on a bit of a tangent. It led me on to how these things come together, how they work, how to use them. You probably see some numbers there. 6809, one of my favourites. Z80 of course. 6502. Which meant I had to understand this. Anyone know what this is? This is a van Neumann architecture on which pretty much everything I've been writing software on. That's assembly or code for the last 30 years because of him, of course. I had to learn all this stuff. When I first learnt this, we didn't have much in terms of computer to run on. We were inputting in things like hexpads and all sorts of strange devices. We did a lot in workbooks and notebooks and things like that. We'd have to talk through our programmes. We couldn't always get access to a computer to actually run them. We had things like this. It's quite a luxury in those days where you could actually put your programme in, although you had to convert it to hex in order to do so. Then later you've got things like printouts of your programme. You could record them. Eventually, I think this is from an apple, you could actually manipulate these on screen and start running them interactively. I was still also working with these. At the end of the day, my interest was primary electronics and not computers. When I went to university, I came across something that this guy did in 1957. Anyone know what that is? A perceptron? This was some work he did when he was looking at how the brain worked. He was looking at neurons. He's a generic model of a basic neuron. Then I read this book whilst I was at university, which really interested me, which was about the concepts of parallel distributed processing, rather than having a sequential type system for processing things. This examined all sorts of things from perceptrons to linear algebra to all sorts of different matrix manipulations. That got me thinking, could you combine these two things? How would you go about creating something that could do what perceptrons and neural nets could do with logic, et cetera? However, the 68,000 happened, which took my attention. This occurred. If any of you remember this, this was the very first Macintosh. I actually got a chance to use one of these. They weren't really used commercially. They were used for companies prior to the Mac Plus from Apple. I do things like this like Pascal, because we had to learn Pascal rather than C at university, which was a bit disappointing to me. That took me away from that. Then 8086 happened followed by several generations, 186, 286, pre-86, SX in this case. This actually came with a floating point co-processor as an option, which was good because the stuff I was working on required a floating point. I actually started implementing some of this. In this case, I think it's Turbo C on 55SX. Again, it was fairly rubbish because the amount of memory involved at the time processing power was still nowhere enough to get anywhere beyond early research on these things. Then we had an AI winter. That's meant to be snow, by the way. I couldn't find a picture for that. Nobody was into parallel distributed processing. Nobody wanted to talk about artificial intelligence, et cetera, et cetera. Then this happened. A lovely early version of Windows, which got me involved in working on these sorts of things. Graphics cards, working with graphics cards, manufacturing graphic cards drivers, designing hardware, et cetera. In the early days, ISA bus, EISA, microarchitectures, and later PCI, et cetera, et cetera. Also new bus and things like that on the Mac. Meanwhile, the internet happened with lots and lots of racks of computers, cabling, ethernet, et cetera. Because the clock speed ramp ran out, I moved into working with things like pi calculus and lambda calculus, et cetera, dealing with concurrent processing. These grew and grew. The example here is, on the right hand side, is dual core Intel processor. I've lost count now. I think we're up to 22 in a core on a Xeon. You can buy at the moment. There is the Adaptiva Epiphany, which has 16 cores. It was also going to be available in a 64-core version. But we're seeing cores, cores, cores, cores, and more cores. That got me back into using concurrent processing in embedded systems and real-time systems. We've got the Epiphany on the right hand side there on the parallella board, which some of you may be aware of. Down below I've snuck that one in. I haven't ever built one of these, but that's a transputer board at the bottom there. Some of you may know David May. David May started a company called XMOS. I do a lot of work on XMOS stuff in embedded hardware, ulti-core, real-time work, et cetera. Meanwhile, because of the internet and the perceptron, this has made a real comeback. People like Facebook, Google, Twitter, IBM, Microsoft, anyone that's big in data, big in the cloud, is now spending enormous amounts of money on research, poaching various different famous people from the AI markets that have worked on neural networks, convolution networks, perceptrons, et cetera. They've had a great deal of success in working with things like images, so facial recognition, picking out patterns, buying patterns, for example, on Amazon, et cetera. So this new load on the cloud, if you like, is taking up many, many cycles. It's actually overtaking the traditional loads that are running on the cloud servers. Remember these graphics cards? Well, these had very specific graphics engines in them that weren't particularly von Neumann-like, but were designed to move information about very quickly and do very simple tasks repeatedly on the same information, whether that's graphics, textures, et cetera. Well, these things grew up into this. This is the NVIDIA Titan, which was up until recently the card that you put in your workstation, or you would put several of these in a workstation, PCI slots allowing, which would enable you to accelerate your machine learning algorithms. These literally have, you know, thousands of GPU floating point processor units in them, as well as on board memory. That then led to this. This is the inside of NVIDIA's latest release, which is the Pascal, and this has literally tens of thousands of GPU processing units. It really is a monster. But unfortunately, even though these are very powerful and good for crunching things like machine learning, simulating neural networks, simulating convolution networks, and all these complex matrix type calculations, they use a lot of power. So they're being used in training, for example, because when you are doing machine learning, you will need to run through the network with different examples and teach the network how to do different things. So, actually reacting in the network takes a certain amount of processing. Training will take thousands, hundreds of thousand times more processing because you have to run through the examples of it. So these are often used to accelerate that process. But we are all really still dancing to the van Neumann Schoen. We're still running these on van Neumann architectures. And although this is a very good architecture in a generic sense, it is a very slow way of calculating things like perceptrons. You really are trying to use a sledgehammer when you just need something to tap it. Which took me back to this recently. I'm realising that in order to make these devices more accessible, this is an open source robot arm, for example. In order to get machine learning into something like this and have it smart enough to do closed loop feedback, etc. to make it useful. Then without needing one of these to do the processing in order to train it, without the power envelope of multiple graphics cards going into the system, then we're going to need something different. So we say goodbye to Mr Neumann. We say hello again to Mr Turing this time. It's back to basics in terms of what we're going to process. We're going to reshuffle the pack here. It moves on down. And it changes the game. Here is the kind of, if you like, the van Neumann curve. And this is the other curve that is starting to emerge. What you're seeing is a lot of technology emerging at the bottom here on the second S-curve. And you're seeing a lot of hybridisation and combinations on the top. Now that hybridisation is coming in different forms. One of it is GPUs, which is the kind of souped-up van Neumann. But also you've got very long word instructions, S-I-M-D instructions, vector-based instructions that are being added in to cause in order to speed up the numerical performance of the devices. You're also getting some clever things happening, such as additional tiny processes that are being added on to the side of the actual full-blown processes themselves as well. But you're still getting problems in the memory because of the memory architecture of the van Neumann machines. So what we're actually seeing is that memory is starting to be broken up in different ways to enable concurrent access to process large matrices of information. And there are some companies already down there on the new S-curve that have literally gone nearly all of the way. People like IBM are building completely new chips that look nothing like a van Neumann machine. And they're applying these to very specific neuromorphic applications. Part of that is to do with research. They've got money from DARPA in order to build or simulate a human brain over the next 10 years. In order to do that, they've got to get down to picajores per perceptron. And if you try and simulate a perceptron on a normal processor, it's not picajores, it's watts. So in order to simulate a trillion neurones, then you're going to need, you know, literally tiny amounts of power processing on each neurone and its connections. And in fact, sometimes it's the connections that they're using to power, not the processing. It's the movement of the data. Which means you need new building blocks. Here I've got perceptrons, things like fast Fourier transforms, convolutions, image convolutions. And new tools here is just a simple example in Verilog. It's one of the tools we already have to hand, bringing me to what I actually need to talk about, which is the FPGAs. I want to talk about a project that is an open source project by a chap called Clifford Wolfe. He's avatar, by the way. He doesn't really look like that. Well, he's quite similar. He's done a board that fits on the Raspberry Pi, which you can see on the left there. That has some PMOR ports. That has the lattice chip on it that I'm going to talk about. And there's his picture of a CAD file from that. He has created a complete open source stack that currently targets the lattice chip set. But it's actually an open stack. You can target a number of different FPGA chips. Yoses, which is one of those recurring acronyms, is basically the thing that produces the HDL. Project IStorm is really just about re-engineering the lattice bitstream. There's enough information that they provide that he could do this, and he's very good at doing this sort of thing. Arachne is really the place and root part of that. It does the optimisation and also produces the output files ready for moving up to the chip itself. So the three of these together form this tool that I know you to pre-program FPGAs using completely open source software on the next hall MacOS. I eventually will imagine it gets ported to Windows as well. But not in its native form. It might need SIGWIN or something similar. So why Yoses? Well, because it's open source. For me, I wanted to learn Berylog and I wanted to understand what's going on. I didn't want to download 100, 200, 1,000 gigabytes or whatever it takes to install the Xilink tools, et cetera. I don't know how much this software is, but probably less than 100 megabytes. I should imagine all in all. It's very small, depending on the dependencies, et cetera. So it's expandable by different people. People are already working on it at different levels. It's extensible. So it's not specifically tied into lattice, although he targeted lattice to start with. And it's very small, and it's actually pretty fast. And you can get stuff done really quickly. And the way I like to work is with a basic editor and a command line just sending the stuff backwards and forwards to the development board. Yoses was created to support these small FPGAs initially. In this case, the lattice ones that we're talking about, the ICE range, the ICE 40 range, come in about 1,000 to 8,000 logical units. They're not huge FPGAs, but you can still do some fairly useful stuff with them. They do have some nice features like low-voltage differential signalling to get information in and out quickly if you need to do that, with cameras, et cetera, that kind of thing. Or high-speed ADCs. They're actually low-power as well. So you can actually run these off batteries. This is known to be low-power FPGAs from the start, which makes them actually applicable in the market space for a low-power device. In terms of packaging, obviously CSP, which is a new thing. BGA, bit fiddly, if you're doing it yourself, but they do have QFP packages. So, for example, the 4K, 4,000 unit version comes in a QFP 144 package, and you can actually solder these as well, which is quite nice. You only have to go up to the BGA for the 8,000 look-up table version. And they're low-cost. They're about $5 to $10. It's not a lot of money. Anyone that's looked at FPGAs will probably know that they start at silly prices and move quickly onto ridiculous amounts of money. So they're very good to actually start with. What would you make with something like this? Well, something that's popular with things like vintage games, consoles and emulation. Not really my bag, but a lot of people do that. Driving LED arrays is very popular with this sort of stuff. Video graphics generation, whether that just be creating screens, making basic games, or doing things like colour backgrounds for TVs and things like that to create different colour rooms, et cetera, that kind of thing. Complex multi-channel audio processing. Again, that's not particularly difficult in FPGA. Mostly numerical manipulation of fast streams of data, I2S or something similar. You can also use it for doing image processing, sorry, voice processing. So if you have multiple arrays of microphones and you want to focus in on different people in a room, for example, that can be done using I2S streams. Real-time digital signal processing and ADC. Anything that you need to do mathematically fast with your real-time data, your ADC data. In terms of putting soft cores on there, it's fairly easy. There's a Pico risk example that Clifford has put on there, which is about less than 1200 look-up tables. So if you've got the eight panels and you've still got plenty left to play with. There are lots of different ones there. He's ported something like 15 different ones and had them running through Yosis and on the lattice chips. Or you could model a 300 neuron worm. Or I can because I'm actually working on doing that at the moment. Purely because the information is there. I have the map of the worm and its neurons and I can simulate it just about in an 8000. Probably less when I optimize it. So I'm going to do it anyhow because it's fun. Along the bottom here, there's a small board there which is about 13 pounds from far now that you can run Yosis with if you can get the damn things. They're always on backorder at the moment. There's a larger one which is the 8K one. I used, I got that from Mao. So that was about 26 pounds. There's Clifford's board. I don't know how much she was charging for that. That was about 90 euros but it was just a one-off he did. There are some other boards that he's taught to run on as well. There's some Kickstarter projects and there's some other boards out there. It's not just lattice that this is being targeted at so far. Has anyone heard of the Cilego green packs? These are the tiniest FPGAs ever. They're like an 0402. They are really, really tiny. They have like 18 legs on them and they're great for doing glue logic. They're almost like a CPLD but they're actually mixed signals. They have ADCs in them and some look-up tables and logic units, et cetera. Some of them have DAX as well. Some of them have I2C, some of them have SPI. They're really useful. In places where I used to use like an ADR tiny, I tend to use these. Well, somebody has ported Yosis to support these devices now so you can actually use Yosis to do your very log. Now, if you look, they have a really nice tool but it's schematic-based and it gets really complicated if you've got a complicated set of logic. It's very difficult to follow so doing it in very log makes that a lot easier. So that's going to be really useful. You can also target Zonic Series 7 as well. Although I haven't done any of that, it is possible. So it's not just confined to those lattice chip. People are already porting it to different devices, et cetera, and building on his tools. It's got a very modern very log support. I was very shocked when I started using very log. I've programmed in about 15 different programming languages and when I hit very log, it was just like crikey. This is very old-looking. It was very limited and then I realised what I was reading was a text based on Berylog 1995. I subsequently realised there was a Berylog 2001, et cetera. So this is a very modern implementation that makes writing very log a lot better than it was. I'm not going to say that Berylog is particularly nice or the same but the modern implementation is a lot better. It also includes some nice functions in there, recognition of things like memory, et cetera, just to make things a bit more simple. It's also got checking, monitoring, synthesis, and it's also got timing tools as well. Not all of those are complete at this point, but they're coming on pretty fast. But parallel is generally hard. You know, whether you're using QDCL, MPI on a newman type architecture, whether you're trying to use Berylog, what we really need is higher level abstractions that are easier to program with. I think these are going to turn out to be, if you like, kind of Turing primitives that are going to be regurgitated and combined in ways. It's a bit like writing in maths if you like rather than just plain algorithms, but it's matrix math. I'm finding ways of expressing things such as convolutions and neural networks, perceptrons, past failures, transforms, and these things. Bring these into some kind of lingua franca that will help us describe these more complex type issues when it comes to things like machine learning, recognition, pattern recognition, those kinds of things. So one of the things that I'm looking at is something called matrixed open Turing engines. It would be nice to be able to build a subset of these things that can then be recombined to actually make those basic things, because what you will probably see is a load of proprietary runs emerging over the next five to ten years. And I think we need to make sure that there's a good open lingua franca if you like for describing these things that will happen at a higher level. There's a bit more detail about the front ends and back ends that Yoastus supports. I won't go too much into that. How am I doing for time? So have a go if you already know Verilog or if you want to learn Verilog or want to get into FPGAs and you're using Linux or macOS, then take a look at Yoastus. It really is quite simple to use. You can target these or even new syliphan that we see emerging soon. This is going to help me and my friends to get even further. Thank you for your questions.


Hi everyone. I'm going to from IBM research. Today I'm going to talk about a collaborative work with my colleagues at IBM on topological and subsistence codes on low degree graphs with flag qubits. So the result was recently published on PIX. So the motivation of this work was partially discussed by Jerry's talk, which I also recorded. So here we consider some superconducting qubit architectures. For example, the one-use cross resonance gate to increment two qubit gates. So in this kind of architecture, neighboring qubit must have different frequencies. However, due to the fabrication process, there are always some imperfection in the frequency assignments, which will result in frequency collisions. So the fewer frequencies that must be chosen, that will lead to a higher success rate during the fabrication process. Also, in general, the lower the cross talk errors there will be. So this motivates designing topological and subsistence codes on low degree graphs, which will have lower frequency collisions. So just to briefly introduce the idea. So here we have qubits put down the vertices of a graph. And for this middle qubit has a degree four connection. To reduce the degree, we can split the single vertex into two. So they will both become degree three. We can further put another vertex in the middle, which will have only degree two connection. So this motivates the building of the IBM 53 qubit Rochester device, which is put on a so-called heavy hexagon lattice, where the qubits are put on both the vertex and the edge of the hexgons. So we have designed a so-called heavy hex code, which perfectly fits on this type of device, where you put both data and serial qubits on this lattice. So we deform the shape of lattice into a square shape just for convenience. And here the yellow ones are the data qubits, and the black and white ones are the and serial qubits. Also we show the C0 gates applied on this code, and also the scheduling of these gates. So just to introduce the coding more details, the heavy hex code is a substitution code. So it has gauge operators. In the bulk, there are basically two types. One is a four-body X gauge operator, the other two-body Z gauge operator. So to measure the four-body X gauge operator, we use three and serial qubits in the middle. The black one is the usual measurement syndrome qubit, which will read out the value of the gauge operator. So the white ones we call flat qubits, they have two uses. One is to mediate the entanglement between the data and the measurement qubits. The other is that it can also significantly reduce the logical error rates as we will discuss later. So we can see a single poly X will be propagated by the circuit to four X on the data qubits, such that the entangle of the data qubits with the measurement qubit, and then through measuring the value of the measurement qubit, you can read out the value of the gauge operator. So similarly, there is a circuit to measure the two-body Z gauge operator. So they have to be done sequentially, such that the whole measurement circuit costs 11 time steps. And so, since it's a subset in quite also has stabilizers, so there are two types in the bulk. One is a two-column strip of X operators, which is basically the product of the four-body X gauge operators. So they essentially the same as the stabilizer is in the Bacon shore code. So we give it a nickname as Bacon strip. So the other type is a four-body Z stabilizer, which is basically the product of two-body Z gauge operators. And also there are boundary two-body Z stabilizers. So the Z part is like a surface code. So essentially, this heavy hex code is a hybrid of surface and Bacon shore code. So we also introduce another type of code called the heavy square surface code, where both the data and CLA qubits are put on the heavy square lattice, where there are qubits on both the vertices and edges of a square lattice. So it has a hybridization of a degree 4 and a degree 2. So it has lower degree standard surface code. And the stabilizer is the same, and the measurement circuit is same as the four-body gauge operator in the heavy hex code. And then you have the same similar for the X and Z parts. And the whole depth of the circuit is 14 time steps as opposed to the six time steps in the standard surface code. So now we can see that these two types of codes indeed have a significant reduction of the frequency collisions. So we can see that in order to have neighboring qubits have different frequencies, for these two types of codes, we only need three types of frequencies indicated by the colors. In other words, the two graphs are three colorable. So in contrast to implement the standard surface code, you have to have five different frequencies. So we can also slightly modify the vertices on boundary by merging three of them. The price is that you have to introduce the four different frequencies. So then we can do a numerical simulation of the main number of frequency collisions for different types of codes. So here the black are the surface code, and the red are the heavy square code, and the blue and purple are the two versions of the heavy hex code. So we can see that for the same code distance, the surface code has significant large frequency collisions than the heavy square and the heavy hex code. So by the way, this is plotting logarithmic scale. So now we talk about the extra use of black qubits. So we know when there's a single fault in the measurement circuit occurred on the ancillary qubit, it can be propagated by the circuit into a way to reduce errors on the data qubits. So this is not good because it could potentially reduce the code distance, effective code distance. So to resolve this problem, we have this flag qubit. So once this event happens, the flag qubit measurement will be triggered by the errors, the error occurred on the flag qubit. So from that information, you know this event has happened. So similarly, for a different error location, the other flag qubit could be triggered. So now let's talk about the decoding graph of this type of code. So for the z type of syndromes, we have a decoding graph. The main part is similar to a surface code. So here the vertices represent the measurement qubit, which give you the syndromes of the errors. So in addition, you also have these green circles, which represent the flag qubits. And the solid edge that usually standard edge, the same as the surface code, but one could have extra cross edges related to the events that a single fault could essentially trigger two data qubit errors. So this edge corresponds to these events. So once a flag qubit is triggered, so either on the right or the left, it means there could be either a single fault leads to two errors, or it could also happen that it only leads to a single data qubit error. So these two edges are highlighted when flag qubits are triggered. So due to the shape, we call this edge in a region, boomer range region, just due to the shape. So now while we have the decoding graph, so in general the measurement syndromes could be highlighted. Also the flag qubits could be highlighted. And in the case of when there's measurement error and circuit level noise, one has to study a 3D version of a decoding graph where extra 3D edge has to be introduced. So the decoding protocol of while using these flag qubits pretty straightforward, basically apply the standard minimum weight perfect matching on the decoding graph with a changes that the edge has to be renormalized, conditioned by the information from the flag qubits. So when their total number of m flags are triggered, so in these placates, when there are m of them, so we will have to renormalize the edge weight. So while you have edge inside boomer range region, so we choose the weight to be minus log p, where p is at the order of a single error event, a single fault. For those edge outside boomer range region, we have to renormalize them in the way that we for the probability with times multiplied by p to the m, where m the total number of flags. So in this way, you will have to lower the probability and increase the weight of the edge outside boomer range. So in that case, the minimum weight perfect matching algorithm will figure out a path that prefer to go through the boomer range that taking into account of the fault triggered by that. So in the paper, we prove that once you do that, you can actually preserve the full code distance of the code. So here is the numerical simulation of the two types of code heavy hex and heavy square codes for both the x error and the z error. So the heavy hex, the x error part is just like the surface code. So it has a threshold, which is more than half of the standard service code under the same depolarization noise model. So which is pretty good. On the z error part, because it's bacon show nature, there's no error threshold, but the logical error rate is at the same order of the x error rate. So in the midterm, when the code distance is much below 20, d equals 20, so it behaves pretty good. So then for heavy square code, we know that the measurement circuit has much longer depth. It's 14 time steps as opposed to six time steps in the standard service code. However, due to the use of the flag information and the flag decoder scheme, we get a error threshold slightly just below the half of the standard service code, which also suggests that this type of decoder is pretty powerful. Now we go to the summary of this talk that we have found new codes defined on the heavy hex and heavy square lattice, which can significantly reduce the frequency collision and the cross talks. And the heavy hex code is hybridization of the surface and bacon show code. And the introduction of flag qubits can preserve the full code distance and significantly reduce the logical error rate. Also the logical error rate and error threshold of both type of codes are quite competitive with the standard service code, despite much longer depths of the measurement circuits. And obviously the advantage is in terms of the hardware implantation that they can have a significant low cross talk error and the frequency collision. Okay, so that's my talk. Thanks for your attention.


103.9 FM, WOZO Radio, Knoxville. Ladies and gentlemen, digital free thought radio hour. Hello and welcome to the digital free thought radio hour on WOZO radio. 103.9 LPFM right here in Knoxville, Tennessee. We're recording this on Sunday morning, January 2nd, 2022.  As usual, we have our co-host on the line with us. Hello on that. Hello and welcome to 2022. I'm happy. Yep. Yep. Another whole year to get on the better side. I'll put it that way. I know, right? Yeah. Our guests today are George from Buffalo. He's going to be joining us here shortly. Boudreaux from Kentucky. Hello and welcome. We've got Red Pirate Higgs. The John Richards. And George Brown, two and a half from Brooklyn is out sick. And he will be out for a couple of three weeks. We wish him the best and hopefully feel better soon and come back with us in here maybe next month. Digital free thought radio hour is a talk radio show about atheism, free thought, rational thought, humanism and the sciences. And conversely, we'll also talk about religion, religious faiths, God's holy books and superstition. And if you get the feeling that you're the only non-believer in town, why are you just not? In Knoxville, we have a group of over a thousand of us. We'll tell you more about that particular group, but look for a group in your time. You never know. You might find one. Wamba, what are we going to be talking about today? What's our time? Today we're talking about things that are not my problem and why we make it so easy to ignore the plight of other people. Yeah. And specifically, what do we even mean by the other? Right. Yeah. But before you remind me of what the Hitchockers guide to the galaxy. He says, we don't want them to watch us or see what we're doing. So I'm going to put a spell on him. It's not my problem. Spell. So when they look at us, they think that's not my problem. Yeah. Yeah. I actually had a fun time reading through those books, but we got a lot of topics to go over today. But before we go into the meat and potatoes, we'll throw it up there on Dread Pirate Hicks for our weekly invocation. All right. Our noodley Lord, who art in a colander. I'll taunt a be thy noodles, thy blood be rum, thy sauce be yum with meat as it is with vegetables. Give us this day our garlic bread and forgive us our cussing as we forgive those who cuss against us. And lead us not into Cui Tuism, but deliver some carbs for thine are the noodles and the sauces and the grog or never, never. Guys, it's been a really great start to the year for me at least. I feel so more relaxed after a year of not paying attention to cable news. My stress is just so much lower than it used to be.  I know he's saying crazy stuff, but I'm just not paying attention to it. Now I know he's not.  And I can gladly ignore it and come back like a year later and be like anything crazy. No, it was everything's normal. I'm like, huh, after four years and potentially eight of having men have to deal with that. It's just so nice to be like, I don't have to, I don't have to pay attention to White House.  That stuff is not my problem. But we can go into more bases. Boudreau looking forward to the start of the new year.  Well, I guess as with most recent years, I'm usually in bed for a night anyway. Maybe you're too. Yeah, I'm too lame. But I will say over the break, the family and we made a point to watch all of the Tom Holland Spider-Man's. Oh, we hadn't watched Homecoming and Far From Home. And then yesterday we went to the theater and saw the newest one. It was fantastic. I really enjoyed it. Yeah. I got to be honest with you. I liked it too. I liked it more than the second one, but I still love the homecoming probably my favorite one. Oh, really? Yeah. It was a spectacle, the latest movie. And there might be spoilers, but like it was just a spectacle seeing what I was seeing. I was just like, I would never have believed I would have seen this in a movie. And it was well done. I left more excited than I came in. So, you know, I rarely have those kinds of me feelings. George, from all the way from Buffalo, how's your start to the new year and anything of highlights that you want to bring up? No, not really. Not terribly exciting, but we had good family activities. But beyond that, didn't do much. Went ice skating with my granddaughter. Hey, that's awesome. That's awesome. Is it cold or did you go to a rink? To a rink. Ah, okay. Okay. Not bad. Well, hey, you know, keep it up. Family time. You know, when I was a kid, birthdays were awesome until I crossed 30. And it's just like, I know what this is. I've done 30 of these already. Come on. Just keep them going. Just keep them going, guys. John Richards, start to the new year. Resolutions, anything like that you want to talk about? Well, there's a number of things. Since we had this preamble before we started transmitting, I didn't think of these things. And I thought the three of them since then. Go for it. Go for it. But just a quick update. We had a great Christmas. I spent most of it trying to get over my latest bout of COVID, which I finally escaped from it. More or less. I'm pretty much back to normal. So is this the second time you've gotten it? Yeah. Yeah. It's very popular. I'm back towards always great. Anyway, I wanted to tell you about, because I do a lot of amusement on the social media sites. And so we were chatting about the new year. And they were talking about it being 2022 AD. And I pointed out that we don't use that anymore. Right. Because this is a theist Facebook group that I'm in. Sure. Sure. Sure. What is the CSC now? Is that the proper CSC? Yeah. Yeah. I'm in error. Yeah. And then CE was equivalent for AD. And that sparked off a big argument because they pointed out that we're still using the same date. It's still Jesus's time. So we had a lot of fun about that. And then I floated a post which you mentioned Spider-Man. So I put up, what's the difference between Jesus and Spider-Man? You know, they both have mysterious origins. And they both have amazing locomotion skills. And they do good works. Somebody else pointed out that we never see them both together. So I've had a bit of fun on the internet. I also ran into an atheist in your great country. Okay. And he wants to start a group like this. Interesting. Yeah. So you should apply to join the digital free thought radio hour chat room.  I was in a lab and there was a lady who was talking very excited about Bethlehem and Jerusalem and her trip to like Israel. And she was just, you know, and when I looked from her, she was just like a normal looking white girl. So I was just like, you seem really excited about going there. Like, why are you so excited? And she's like, that's where Jesus was. At that point, I was already an atheist. I was just like, oh, yeah, that's right. Like in my head, it didn't, the two bullet points didn't have a line across each other. And she saw that when I said, I was like, oh, yeah. Okay. It's like, she's just like, you're one of them. Anyway, that was me. Dred. Yeah. New years. You, I know you came back from the wilderness. You've been back Cougars left and right. You've been a movie star shooting, jumping out of planes. What's going on with you? How does it start to a new year? Well, not too bad. I put myself on the scale this morning and I have lost a total of 40 pounds since October 5th. Powerful. Powerful. I'm on that trip with my friend. And that, and that the 10 days that I was at the ranch there, it was a pound a day. I was, it's minus 38 up there. Right. Okay.  So if you're just eating your regular 2,000 or 2,500 instead, it's not hard to, to have that weight just kind of melt away as it were. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Literally melt away. Yeah. Literally. You want to come back. John, what's up? What we have here is a new slimming technique. Go and live in a freezer. Yeah. I'm curious. Did your body big budget adjust? That is to say, did you say have the same extent of hunger? Yeah. No, I pretty much kept to the same routine. I ate lots of eggs because those were all supplied. So farm, farm fresh eggs off the ranch. They also provided beef, pork, and chicken. And they actually cooked us a goose dinner. The first I've ever had for Christmas. Yeah. They cooked us a nice goose. So yeah, it was all around pretty good. But you thought you were taking in the same number of calories? Yeah. Yeah. So that's a dramatic increase to your workload to still, you know, bring that off with the same number of calories. That's, that's an extra. But I never, I never fell hungry. Yeah. You know, I take the little snack bars, you know, granola bars and stuff with me. Much of the time I spent in a, a side by side, a gator doing patrols. Okay. So it was heated. So it wasn't like I was, you know, in minus 38 all the time, but certainly it was a lot more activity than. Now I got the weirdest question around doing a radio show. If this is feel free. If you can't, if you can't answer this, that's fine.  Is it like paparazzi or crazy fans that might show up or like actual cameras? So this wasn't a film related one. This, this was a different thing. Family, right? Yeah. Yes. Exactly. Family with relatives and sort of the discord that's going on amongst them because they're so fricking wealthy.  You know what I mean? Because everyone wants what you have and, you know, talk about porch pyres, man.  You know, I, I can't imagine how rich, so like Will Smith's son, Jaden Smith was lamenting about how he can't just walk into a Walmart and get like a, like a PlayStation if you wanted a PlayStation, like you would have to have to pay someone to buy something if you didn't have that kind of payment.  And it's just like, I wish I could just like, that's why a lot of people just like trucking, just live in Australia and just pretend, like, every shooting pellets like, no, I'm one of you guys. It's like, yeah. Crikey. Crikey. That's me. I was always here. The black Scottsman. That's who I am. Larry left and check in on you. Well, that's better than the last two anyway, and nowhere to go but up pretty well. You're right, I know where at least some of those pounds went. I did gain a few pounds over the Christmas, but hopefully they'll go away, only a few. While I've been wanting to play, I'm a gamer, been a gamer forever. I've been wanting to play virtual reality games forever, and I finally gave myself an Oculus Quest for Christmas. And I got Half-Life Alex, and I've been spending a lot of time in the virtual reality, and I highly recommend it to everybody. If you wanted me to, I could go on the rest of the show about how great it is. So I do want to ask, that was your first VR game, Half-Life Alex? No, my first one, I had to work out how to play it on my computer because you got to load it on your computer, start it on your computer, play it on your, and I wanted to get into some of the game before that, and I went into Resident Evil 4. So I've got that on my computer too, as well. That was your first experience in VR, Resident Evil? Well, that is jumping straight into the fire. That is jumping straight into the fire. Those are scary games.  It's an entirely different experience when the guy with the chainsaw standing behind you, and you turn around, and he's like, yeah, I'm here. The big reveal for me was, they're as big as I am. I'm six foot two. My turn around, there's this guy, and he's there in the room, and I'm there with him. He's just tall as I am, and he's got a chainsaw. No, it's something else. It is. Horror games would never be something that happens to your first time out here. I have a lottery strenght player. Boudreau, what's up? I'm blown away because we played, my wife and I played Resident Evil in early 2000 when it came out on a really tiny, well, probably big CRT for the time.  What's an Oculus worth? Like, how much did it cost? It's like 300 right now. Well, let's start at 300. Oh, that's not bad. Yeah, it really isn't too bad. The only issue is if you are anti-Facebook, there was a period of time where you had to have a Facebook account to use the Oculus Rift. Now they took that away because there was enough consumer complaints. So there's really no excuse, and I say support VR, try it out.  One thing I wanted to say about a scary game, Half-Life, Alex, much more scary than the other one, I can't remember. Well, Resident Evil, the scariest thing I've watched was this morning with my daughter when we watched Encanto. Oh, that's not a scary movie though, right? Well, what was scary about it was the quality of the reality, you know, it's moved on enormously from the days of Yogi Bear.  All right, guys, we're going to be talking today about justification of abuse against the other and a bunch of other quick topics. I think we can knock out a couple before we go into the half of the show. So here's my thing, I tend to care about the things that I care about. Isn't that weird? And when bad things happen to the things that I don't care about, whether they are other groups of people or other groups of religions that I have no awareness of or anything like that, I kind of comfortably allow that in my ignorant space, because I know I can't care about everything, and I would be inundated with nothing but worrying anxiety if I ever tried to. So I have to pick my battles, and the ones that I bet pick on are like the singular topics in my life that I wake up to, and those are the ones that I keep track of. And so I will pay attention to them with such laser focus that I just don't care about, you know, the abuse that happens to the other, but sometimes the abuse that happens to the other is so much more monumental and may even, you know, trickle down to impact me. And so I know, for example, not to jump into the biggest topics first, but like the Taliban taking over Afghanistan again, I have family that's in Pakistan and I worry about them.  That would be a huge thing that I'd be constantly worried about. But it's easy enough in my day-to-day life to just ignore that that ever happened in the first place, that I can take the suffering of entire country or a populace of women from an entire country and just ignore it. And it's scary how easy I can do it. And I wonder if any of you guys felt that it was easy for you to ignore abuse against other people, and why are we outfitted for that, if possible? I'm going to throw the question up to Dredd. What do you think? Actually, I don't find it easy to kind of let it go. And that's probably just a part of my nature and my personality is that if I see what I think is wrong or people being wrong, I come to their defense. And it's just kind of like an automatic thing. And it doesn't matter what it is. And it doesn't matter who it is. And it doesn't matter what the odds are. Yeah, if it's wrong, it's wrong, from my point of view. And I got to get behind it. I mean, that's really the essence of why I'm a Pasta Varian. George. Yeah, but Dredd, then how do you select who you give aid to?  I guess that's a good question. I mean, I don't give money to whatever the groups are that try to support that. I think a lot of the time, most of the money is eaten up in administration, so that for every dollar that I might send to one of these causes, 95 cents is eaten up in the administration of trying to deliver the program. So I mean, if I could go there, I would be a different thing, right? But generally, it's what I can have, what I believe I can offer that will have an impact. So if it's a cause for which I couldn't make a dent, then it's best in my own mind to support those things that I can make a dent, given whatever talents or skills I might have to lend to it. Before we dig further into Dredd's POV, I would like to hear from everyone. George, how would you tackle that question of like, do you find it easy to not necessarily ignore but bypass the plight of particularly others so you can focus on current topics that you have? I'm afraid I'm guilty of doing it automatically. I mean, we're bombarded with these obvious needs of people desperate to continue to survive. And I don't know how I handle it. We do contribute to some causes, but you can't contribute to them all. And I don't know how to handle the disparity, the choice. I don't know how it happens. Well, one thing is my wife and I decide these things together. And sometimes she has a sense for that. For example, I worry about the plight of American Indians, particularly the desert Indians that live so poorly.  But she doesn't. So we have to compromise on that. So that's the only method I know of. Okay. I see something in your back wall there. It looks like a day of American art piece. Yeah, it's several things.  I sort of put that together myself. But I like to go down to Cherokee Country and visit them. And that's where I got some of those things. And those are weapons, but they're weapons to stun animals, which will later be clubbed to be eaten and preyed over. So it's a little different than military type weapons. Right, right. Let's see. But it is a real dilemma. You know, how do you pick your charity? I think that's a good question. And it's definitely something I'm going to touch back to because I definitely now see a spectrum between Dred, you and myself. And I would love to see John Richards. How do you weigh on this? Is it something automatic? I do. It's a very difficult one, isn't it? Because no, very few individuals, I'm thinking of some of the multi-billionaires, could have it in their power to actually solve some of these problems. The rest of us have to do what we can with our mega resources. And I subscribe to two charities.  And I subscribe to that ever since. And the other one is UNICEF, the Children's Fund for Worldwide, part of the UN. So that's what I do. And I can't do anymore. And that sort of limits my exposure and appeases my conscience because I do that every month. But I wanted to talk about somebody else I met on the Internet who has suffered from this abuse for 50 years by being in the Word of God sect. I don't know if you know that, it's one of the prosperity gospel jobs. And this person has been taught that everything comes from Jesus. You don't need medication. And her friend, similarly indoctrinated, watched a cancer grow for three years, refused all offers of medical assistance and calling an ambulance and everything, and eventually died from it in a hospice. And the survivor has naturally got survivor's remorse because she's thinking, she's now an atheist, but she's thinking, had I got out of that abusive system 50 years ago, I might have been able to do more and save this person who is no longer with us. Yeah, when you look at religion as something that is a disease in its own right, and as an atheist, particularly when that advocates for critical thinking, you look at a world that's by person, like innumerable billions of people that desperately need what you feel like is your help, right? And who isn't dying from religion today? Has there any, has a day passed since in the last couple of millennia where someone hasn't died for some sort of religious or obfuscation of medicine or some higher confidence in something that's not rational whatsoever? It's baffling. And I feel like I couldn't process the amount of help that's needed on a day-to-day basis. It literally beyond me, but not to tip my hat. Boudreau, do you feel like the plight of others is, and I think we have seven minutes before we get to the bottom of the half, but Boudreau, do you feel like the plight of others, particularly ones that aren't in your circle, is something you automatically ignore or something that is easy for you to ignore or help me fill out that sentence? Yeah. So, well, similar to others here, it's difficult for sure. But I think it's also kind of sane a little bit to, I mean, you could drive yourself crazy and not sleep at night.  Right. And, you know, since I haven't mentioned Sam Harris yet, it's about time. I think we talked about this last time I was on the show with givewell.org and trying to automate the way you give so that John said he gives every month. Any way you can automate that process, so you don't have to gear up all the passion to do it every month. You just decide you're going to give and just automate it, set it up to where you always give. And I think sitting down green with a wife or a partner, whatever is like George was saying, make those decisions kind of clear-headed and ready and then just kind of automate it. I think that that's maybe my way of kind of combating this because, and I guess to George's point, I know I want to give as much as I can to the best charities where that charity per dollar figure is the best. Kristen, on the other hand, my wife likes to give locally so that we can kind of see things happening and give, and I like that. I think a mixture of both is kind of where we've arrived. You know, we like to give to NPR. We like to give to, I like to give to CFI, which is the Center for Inquiry, which kind of helps folks in Afghanistan escape. Wow, that's wonderful. I think I might have mentioned Kiva last time I was on, which is the, it gives non-interest or no-interest loans to countries for startups and whatnot. And Pastaferians are actually a head of the Mormons in having shots Mormons. Yeah, exactly. I think it's over $4 million that Pastaferians have given towards this Kiva no-interest loans program.  They have to get that special underwear. Larry, how do you feel about the subject and feel free to take us out after your response? But like, applied about it, do you find it easy to ignore? Do you find it difficult? Is it something automatically that you do? Or is it something that you... Well, of course, it's harder to ignore when you when you see it. A lot of times society seems to attend to hide it from us so that we're not that aware of it. But of course, when you do see it, you feel like you need to do something. I have given myself, I've given through work, but I'm with dread about the waste of money through the overhead of charities. However, there are good ones, doctors without borders. I believe Red Cross is a good one. You see them actively working in the field on many disasters. You can give back personally to your society.  My younger, my little brother is now about 45. But I still talk to him. I know where he lives and we correspond through Facebook. So we haven't lost touch. But the subject really is how easy it is to ignore or harm the other. Right. Simply because they are the other. Maybe we can get into that in the second half. But I'll go ahead and text and break. This is the Digital Freethought Radio Hour. We're on WOZO Radio, one of 3.9 LP FM here in Knoxville, Tennessee. And we'll be right back after this short break. 103.9 FM, WOZO Radio, Knoxville. Hello and welcome back to the second half of the Digital Freethought Radio Hour. I'm Doubter Five and we're on WOZO Radio, 103.9 LP FM right here in Knoxville, Tennessee. Let's talk about the atheist society of Knoxville for just a moment. ASK was founded in 2002. This means we're just starting on our 20th year. ASK has over a thousand members and we have weekly in-person meetings in Knoxville's old city at the Barley's Taproom and Pizzeria downtown in Knoxville. To look for us inside at the high top table, we're usually the loudest, happiest group there. We also have a virtual meeting every Tuesday evening. It's a Zoom meeting and you can email us if you'd like to be a part of that. We'll send you an invitation. Send the email to askanatheistatnoxvilleatheist.org or let'schatseatgmail.com. You can find us online at facebook, meetup.com or Knoxvilleatheist.org or just google Knoxville Atheist. It's just that simple. By the way, if you don't live in Knoxville, you should still go to meetup and do a search for an atheist group in your town. Don't find one, start one. Mom, where do you want to pick up? Touching off on the subjects of what we left off and the idea of abuse. So, John Richards, would you like to start the convo? Yeah, well, what we've done is we sort of morphed the topic into charity and then the Mormons were mentioned. And I thought you might like this news item because the richest man in Utah has just submitted his resignation to the Mormon church, claiming it is actively and currently doing harm in the world. Like most churches, most religions. Yes. I wonder what his severance package was. He's actually, he's got five billion pounds apparently, but he's written the milletto, which has been leaked to the public. And it says, I believe the Mormon church has hindered global progress in women's rights, civil rights, and racial equality, and LGBTQ plus rights. And before we jump in as atheists, like, yeah, that's true. It's like, hey, basically most religions are there. It's not just Mormonism. Every single religion in the world. Well, he was a keen Mormon, you see, so he's focused on them. Sure. And we say, we've been on him for getting out of a bad club, a bad situation. He's left the church and he says his former faith should be doing more to help the world and its members with its wealth. Instead, I think the church has exploited its members and their need for hope to build temples, shopping malls, cattle ranches, fund investment funds and own mortgage backed society, the securities, rather than alleviating human suffering in or out of the church. Now that's, that's a good transformation, isn't it? And it makes me think, because unfortunately, a lot of society misvalues things, you know, we will pay a lot of money for triperies, you know, entertainment and entertainers and not enough necessities for real needs. So it just misspent money very much. What I would say, and I'm going to, I'm going to fill in your topic with the misuse of money. And then along with Dread Pirates, you know, points where it's like, hey, if there's a problem somewhere, I want to solve it. I feel like I feel the same tenor of dissatisfaction with the way how big corporations, big charities misuse their money in terms of like actually helping those in need, especially religion, which is essentially just selling false hope. Like the big problem is the thing that you're selling, not the things that you tell on top of that. But also there's, there's a very appealing point that George and Boudreaux and Larry are bringing up and that there's so much stuff in the world that I could not possibly put them all on my radar at once. And one of the most troubling things that someone with empathy has to do is decide where to focus their attention, knowing that some things are going to be in the blind spots, just out of necessity. Or else everyone would be penniless and tired and losing a pound a day. Because it'd be working so hard. I will say this and then we'll get to Dread. My, my points are, I think while money has its obvious values, there are a lot of other things that we can contribute that do have like a one-to-one offering. One big one is blood. If there's a blood drive near you and if you can get to it, it's a fantastic thing to give because it does help people and it's not the sort of thing that someone puts in their back pocket and uses to buy Mercedes with or something like that. It's going to go to a good place or it's going to be used for good reasons. Either separating plasma and getting more data out or at least having a backlog or storage in the event that something does bad happen, they can, they can quickly use it. The second thing would be your time. And so I volunteered a animal shelter. And I find that it's a lot easy for me to know that I can't help every single dog in that shelter or all the shelters in my town. There's multiple in our city. But if I take, you know, two hours out of my day and I'm inclined to do that, maybe there's someone else in this world or someone else in the city who will also do the same thing too. And I can foster that sort of collective attitude by me doing it, that enough people will be able to help take care of the dogs that are in kennels and give attention to the cats. My time and my money and my blood are like the three things that I can give. But if you have, if you have qualms about the money, think about your blood that you got. Think about your time because there's so many other things you could do with that time. I just wanted to ask. Dred, what's up? Well, I was, I mentioned earlier, I listened to a skeptic guide to the universe. It's a podcast with Dr. Steven Nevella and Klan. But one of the, one of the subjects was about the COVID vaccine. And that for, I guess a number I had been put to it that for 57 billion dollars, everyone can be vaccinated who want, wanted to be vaccinated. Currently the world is about 54% vaccinated, which of course is a long way from herd immunity globally. But you think about Bezos and Elon Musk and all these billionaires that with a bat of the eye could easily help support a fund that would go towards vaccinating people around the world. And that's certainly a worthwhile cause that I would throw some money at. You know what I mean? Sure, sure. I totally hear you. And before I'm a boss of Microsoft is doing quite a good job. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Not only that, but how do I put this? It's not the famous billionaires that I have a problem with because they tend to be under so much scrutiny that they do actually have a very good presence in a number of different communities and startups and charities. It's the nameless billionaires that are like the ones who gave George Lucas $2 million or $2 billion. We want Star Wars. Don't ask us what our names are. The people who own the Marvel movies. Like there's like these four people who own Marvel that nobody knows the names for, who like our son and Kevin Feige and just like, who are these people? It's like, they paid money so that we don't say their names.  Like those are the ones that I'd love to see more involved in charity, but who knows who they are? Right. But like Joe's Bezos, like those guys, they're, they offer so much in logistics and community that in that case, in that case, I'll give a name check to Bill Gates because I didn't mention it before. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Bill Gates also one of the like most charitable, the Melinda Bill Gates Foundation.  Like, yeah. Uh, Bujo, I'd like to throw a question out at you. So is it possible, and I'm gonna throw this out, is it possible to actually care very much about the plight of a person, but not do any sort of activity to stop it in the, in the same, in the same place? Like, could you, like, man, I feel really bad about injustice. And yes, I know they're being like North Korea. I know that I know they're in a terrible situation, but I can't do anything about it. End of the story. I got other stuff to deal about it. Like, can you have those two mind states and activity states hand in hand? Or is there a logical irrational thing going on there? Again, I think it comes down to, to sanity. I mean, I don't, I would fear if I, if I went down that path. I mean, there's so many things. When, where do you stop? Where do you stop caring? Yeah. You, um, yeah, and, and I think the other thing that's important, too, is, is to break away from this idea of anonymity. You know, like giving, giving anonymously is not helpful. Take credit for it. Because if you take credit for it, other people are going to see you do that. And they're going to, they're going to want to do it, too.  I love that idea. Yeah. They call that, they call that reciprocal altruism. Yeah. Right. I dig it. Sam Harris fan over here. Look at this guy. It's like when Pasifarians donate and they're like, Pasifarians do the most. It's like, maybe that's right. Well, it's higher the Mormons to pick it up and next, you know, we have a competition where the only good thing that happens is the people who need get more. That's right. It's the tight. It's the tide that lifts everyone's boat. Right. I love it. A little competitive altruism. I love that. I love it. I love it. George, I got a question for you. So it's a biology question about caring for the strife of others.  And I feel bad about those bugs, but I also feel bad about starving spiders. Like it seems like there's not a way for me to care about everything because some things are going to need to be sacrificed in the process of, you know, existence. Like I, if I became a vegan, I'm going to be eating plants and I feel bad for the plants. I wonder if plants had feelings. They probably, I don't want to be eating either. Like where is it, is it reasonable to draw lines of, well, I'm not going to care about this or I care about it, but I'm still doing it anyway, even though I know it's causing some degree of harm because I need to survive as well. Like do you, is it okay to draw lines like that? Well, if you want to talk in a biological sense, you can't fight evolution. You can't fight survival of the fittest. So it makes those things really unreasonable to talk about. Right. Yeah. And I would go a step further and say, these are things based on the questions of morals, right? It's not a question of biology because we all have to live, we all have to eat, we all have to die. And that's, you know, you can't change that. But when it comes to the human condition and a moral standpoint, those are things that we can sort of do something about. You know, I think about justice. If something is unjust, that's what I will spend my time trying to help with.  But not like, I'm not going to talk about like, what blade of grass am I going to step on when I walk outside? Like that's, that's not something I can care about. I have to focus on these bigger topics and maybe we have a better impact if I focus on strictly. The two can cross over, you shouldn't step on the spider. Yeah, right. And you shouldn't kick puppies. Depending on what the spider is, and if it's in my house or not. John Richards. I'm a speciesist. Okay. I think we should, I think we should respect all the other life forms and our best to look after them. But I still think that humans come first at the top. Yeah. My view. There's a hierarchy of needs, right? Don't, don't you find it easier to like the hairy spiders after all, they're more furry than the bored ones, aren't they? The word is Glabras. Like the Black Widow is Glabras. It has no hair. Glabras? Glabras. G-L-A-B-R-O-U-S. Glabras.  What's going on here? It means basically hairy. And of course in the plant world, most plants have hairs or bichomes as they're called. And so, yeah, okay. I don't like the spiders that are her sweet, her suit. So Larry has been playing a lot of Half-Life. He doesn't want to see another headcrab again. He doesn't want to see another giant spider. Larry, I do have a question for you. So like the idea that we could ignore the problems of the others.  Now, I'm going to throw this out in a weird way. But like religion isn't the only thing that's separating people in the world. We have like economic barriers. We have racial barriers. And I'm just wondering like, as an atheist, why are you dedicating all this time to one thing when you couldn't be dedicating it to all these other problems that are separating humanity? Like you are picking one together. What's I mean, you can you can spread your efforts around so much that none of the efforts in any particular direction are doing any good. So yeah, you have you have to pick your battles, pick your wars and your causes and and do what you know, where your passion takes you, I guess. So I think that looking at everything, religion has caused, I mean, so much damage and harm and continues to do for thousands of years. And now even that it's something that I have chosen to shine light on, if nothing else, simply and illuminate the harm that religion does. And it's totally manmade. What is very simple for me, all the other things are real, you know, well, there's real disease, there's real droughts, there's real starvation, but religion isn't right. It's the one thing we literally could get rid of overnight if we want to be like, okay, now what's the next thing that we got? Oh, that's a complicated problem. All right. All right. Well, now that we're not paying money to this, we can actually fix this. I can totally hear that. It seems like the despite the fact that it's just ingrained, it is the least necessary and yet one of the most harmful causes a separation of humanity. Do we dare consider climate change here? Oh, yeah. Let me tell you something. While I am fully proponent of climate change, and this is probably a little bit more off topic, but I also feel like we have an overpopulation problem hidden as a climate change problem. And I think a lot of the things that we're doing. Well, nature will take care of that. Yeah. Essentially, like the world isn't going anywhere. It's us. That happens.  It used to be problem solved. 90% of the species. Earth is going through a fever right now and it's going to figure it out. Boudreau, it's gone through them before and it came through. Fine.  It's just, uh, Boudreau, what's up with you? So I had, I had a point on a earlier topic, but then the idea of eliminating all religion came up and I'd love to see if someone could do the math. I know religions do, do good. They, they generate money and they feed, feed the hungry and don't, I'm not going to pretend like they do zero good. But if you sold every church, all the property, all the land, all the stuff, the jets, everything, you took sold everything that was part of religion and use that money to help how much good could you do? But that brings me to my other point though, because there's another top piece that we didn't point out here and Dredd's going to call me out on Sam Harris's and again, but there is, there's the idea of earning to give too. Like there's, there is, uh, there's logic behind someone, you know, doing some great work inventing something to make a lot of money so that they can give, right? There's, because that's an idea too. You don't want to just have a low paying job and give half your salary. You want a huge paying job and give 80% yourself. I was, I was listening to Sam, Sam Harris's podcast, I listened to that regularly and he recently had, and I can't remember the guy's last name, but it's Sam something and he's the youngest. I think he's 29. He's a multi-billionaire and he made his money in cryptocurrency, but his objective right from graduation was to earn enough money to give it all away. And that's what he's been doing. And it's a, if you have a chance to check out some of Sam's podcasts, it was a cryptocurrency. It was just a couple of weeks ago, um, but this, and I wish I could remember his name, but, uh, yeah, very, very good talk about what it is to earn to give. Right.  And I feel like in the next thing, in terms of man-made things that, that theoretically don't have any value, but we give a lot of value to, it seems a prime target to be like, Oh, and, and here's our new thing. That's like all praise dogecoin. Um, guys, we're getting close to the end. So how about we get final words from everybody? And if you'd like to also show your New Year's resolutions, um, go ahead. Mine would be, you know, you got more than money to give blood and your time. And if there's a shelter in need, dog shelter, animal shelter, see if you can't coordinate some time to go over there. You would actually find it a very enjoyable experience. The dogs would love you absolutely well. And I found it to be a really nice way to get in a lot of steps and it fits into my weight loss goals for this year as well. Uh, Dred. Hey, while I've got, uh, I'm planning on losing 20 more pounds. So that's, that's my resolution. Hopefully I can do that in a month or a month and a half. A couple more. I'm heading up, uh, to the ranch again on the ninth for another 10 day rotation. And apparently this is a gig that's probably going to go on for at least a year, maybe two years. So, um, yeah, I'm looking forward to summer and spring and, you know, the non-winter seasons, because minus 38 is it's tough. Okay. John Richards, some news resolutions and final thoughts on the show. Yeah, sure. Well, you'll be pleased to hear that here in the UK, some of the religions are fizzling out painlessly. And if you want, you can buy a church and I know several that have been sold and one is now an eye hospital, which is a far better use. So some of them have been, some of them have been turned into schools and, and such like my daughter goes to a school that was formerly a convent, not anymore. So it is happening in, uh, some parts of Europe. But, uh, yeah, my newest resolution is to provide a safe haven in an internet of fear. We'll get into that when we do some flags. I love it. I love it. That's, that's why I'm working on free thought dot city slash Kickstarter. George Buffalo. And we'll get more into those plugs at the very end. But George, last new year's resolutions, if you have any in our final thoughts on the show. Well, I've just finally officially retired from the university. And so what I like, congratulations. Congratulations. It is something to be happy about because I've had about a year of acclimating. It's not a sudden shock. What are you going to do now? Sure. I'd like to, I'd like to find a place for myself. Maybe in writing, I still give lectures occasionally on the subject of climate change. And maybe I'll get more involved in that. That is educating people about climate change or bringing them to the reality of it. Right. Because that brings us closer to maybe adapting at least mitigating maybe. Nice. I love it. Boudreau, final words and new year's resolutions. My new year's resolution, it never matters because I always end up giving it up for Lent. So cycle of, no, uh, too quick things, uh, kind of fun for me is I, I, I, I go to a, uh, place to work out a gym called Orange Theory and they've got treadmills there. Wait a second. That's the name of your band, isn't it? Yeah. Orange Whip was the band. Yeah. No, I, I just love Orange, I guess. Yeah. Orange Whip was the, was the band. Uh, Orange Theory, it's a very different kind of workout studio, but that treadmills there, uh, then in the new studio, studio go to 15 miles an hour. And I'm working my way up there and I hit 13 and a half, uh, uh, last week.  So your goal is to get up to 15 miles an hour on the treadmill? Yep. Like for 30 seconds. It's not. Hey, let's go. Let's go. Let's go. But, but the last thing I'll quickly say, and, and George knows this, this story, um, but again, a good chance to brag about doing, doing something good. Um, my wife, one at the university, two things this year, uh, just from filling out surveys, one for getting vaccinated and one for just filling out a survey. One of them is a MacBook. Like, like a, like a, and we're PC people. Yeah. Speaking of religions, let's talk about Apple. But, but we're not politically correct, but we're, uh, you know, Windows PC people. So I was like, well, what are we going to do with a MacBook? I mean, right? Well, so what she did is she wrapped it up and for Christmas, she gave it to George's granddaughter, our niece, who's going off to college next year. Oh, nice. Um, and who really needed one. Um, she also won $100 gift card to, to Barnes and Noble. And so she gave that to the other niece. They got these huge gifts and we pretty much put on the, on the card, uh, you know, from us and karma because I don't know, I felt like we were just paying it forward. I love it. I love it. That's great. Larry, uh, New Year's resolutions, final thoughts, and then we'll go into bloods. I don't have any, I made a resolution several years ago, not to make any more resolutions. And you're doing well. Hey, listen, did you finish Resident Evil and VR? Did you finish that game? Did you actually go? No, no, I've only started. Okay. I hope you make it to the end of Half-Life Alex. I got spoilers for you otherwise, but yeah. Oh, I definitely will. It's worthwhile. Can I ask a quick question before we leave? Oh, we're doing some plugs. How is George Brown doing? Well, yeah, we'll inform you after the end of the show. Uh, plugs will be Dread Pirate first. What's going on? Okay. Uh, you can find my stuff at Mind Pirate, M-I-N-D-P-Y-R-A-T-E. That's my YouTube channel. I now have 100 subscribers. Thank you very much everyone. But now I found out that, uh, I have to wait until YouTube invites me to customize my channel. I don't just get to do it. So make your junk email filter. That's all. Oh, yeah. Well, there you go. Okay. Yeah. So yeah, that's where you can find me. I do this, uh, stream this when I'm on, uh, 8 a.m. Pacific Standard Time. So come check it out. All that's automatic, by the way. There's no guy at YouTube who just pushes the button every single time someone gets subscribed. It's in your email inbox. I guarantee it. John Richards, anything you'd like to plug? Well, I've remembered that I actually wrote a book too. Oh, jeez. Okay. I've kept quiet about this, but it's the second book I've written on the theme of religion. Oh, wait a second. Show me the names of who wrote that book. Well, there's a lot of names on there. Yeah, yeah. Well, the author is my pseudonym, Elliot George. Ah. There's another George. What is it? The dreadful consequences of thinking like a theist? Also, why is your pseudonym just another? Yeah, it's a name. Like at the end of the day, it's not like any. It's not like you named yourself thunder stick thunder hammer. It's like, Oh, it's it's it's Pete. Brian. It's like you've put two first names as you're. Oh, I'm really going to forget right now. You may have heard of George Elliot, which is the pseudonym of a woman called Mary Evans. And she wrote a book but couldn't get it published because she was female. This is, you know, tip of the hat. Yeah. What I've done is I've taken George Elliot and switched it around. Yeah. It's a transparent pseudonym. Your actual name is two first names, too. Just saying. Yes, yes. Yeah. The forward. I don't know if you can see that. The forward is by Alex O'Connor, Cosmic Skeptic. Oh, okay. Oh, yeah, yeah. Yeah. You wrote a long forward. But I really want to plug. I really want to plug Freethought.city slash Kickstarter because we've got this Kickstarter running and we've recently dropped yesterday. In fact, we dropped. That's a new word for launched or released a song by Richard Dawkins. That was awesome. Awesome song. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you for your comment. Yeah, absolutely. Yes, I shared it. I shared it through the Pastafarian Network. So it's a noodle network, the noodle network. Please, please share. He wrote the lyrics and my colleague in Australia wrote the music and I made the video. Yeah. So very well done. Very well done.  Well, let's just say if you want to watch my YouTube channel, I have a lot of resources on their atheism resources. I search for Douter 5 or Larry Rhodes. I do have a book on Amazon as well and congratulations, John, on getting your book out. That's great. Excellent. That was 2017, a long time ago. My book is called Atheism What's It All About and you can find out on Amazon. If you have any questions for this show, you can send them to askanatheist.noxvilleatheist.org or let'schatse at gmail.com and we'll answer my future shows. Thank you for joining us on Digital Freethought Radio Hour. Remember, you can find this show on Apple iTunes, Pocketcast, Amazon, podcasts everywhere really. Just search for Digital Freethought Radio Hour. And if you're watching this show on YouTube, be sure to like and subscribe.  The time to worry about it is when they prove that heavens and hells and souls are real. Until then, don't sweat it, enjoy your life and we'll see you next week. Say bye, everybody. Bye, everybody. Robin.


Brought to you by DIS, keeping companies connected with cloud-based solutions. Come on, City! Mark, good to meet you. Good to chat with you for the first time. Can I start by asking you how the last 24 hours have been for you? What have you made of it all? As you know, obviously a little bit crazy for me and Conor. We've had to, obviously, given the news, we just had to get straight into planning and having a look at the opposition and the best way we can help this group of players get a result at Crawley. What was your reaction to the initial news of Stuart Sacking? Obviously disappointed. He's a legend at a club. The things that he's done for the club has been fantastic. It was disappointing news for everybody, the players, the staff, because he's made an impact on everybody. It was just a disappointing news for us all and, obviously, I've given the opportunity to try and prepare these lads for Crawley. Were you surprised to get the call?  I didn't think it was coming, to be honest. When I got the call, it was a surprise, but obviously I've got a job to do. I'm happy to come into this role until another manager's in place. How has that been for you, trying to prepare for a game so quickly and do your homework on the opposition? Yes, it was difficult. It was a long day yesterday in regards to watching and taking what we need, in regards to what's right in terms of preparation, how much we need to watch of different games. Because Crawley looked to play different shapes. We had to work together, use the staff around me to give ourselves, again, the best opportunity to prepare these players for tomorrow's game. Naturally, you'll have kept an eye on how things have been going in the senior side for the majority of this season. What's been your take on how things have been, and now you've had a bit of time to work with them as well? Yes, some good footballers. They play some really good stuff and the gaffer, obviously, Stuart was keen on the style of play, on getting on the ball because they've got the footballers. For my transition from the youth team to the first team, it was quite easy in regards to the style of play that was being played. There's some good players in the building, it's just obviously the performances haven't gone the right way. Ultimately, that's why Stuart moved on. It's up to us now just to try and motivate these players and bring some confidence into them to perform tomorrow night. Is that being your main priority, more than anything, really, just to try and instill some confidence and some positivity in what is quite a difficult situation? Obviously, the players were upset as well of the gaffer leaving. It's up to me and Conor and the staff in the building to pick them back up and motivate them and making sure that they're in the right frame of mind to perform. The good professionals at this club, so I'm sure they will be prepared and be focused and ready for tomorrow. How has it been with them this morning? What's it been like and have you spoken much about about the situation? No, just straight into football analysis on Crawley, from delivers from loads of staff and then straight on the training pitch and we're leaving in a couple of hours. It's just been straight football for me and the players. From a footballing perspective, will you keep things simple? Will you persist with the formation and the system that Stuart and Kenny have been playing or will you look to try and change things up? You can't change too much but potentially there might be changes but let you say it's just more about the mindset of the players that I'm looking at this moment in time. Numbers wise, Mark, how are you fixed up? Are you able to welcome anyone back? I know that there was some hope that Gareth Evans and maybe Billy Clark will be back in time. Obviously, no back fit, so he'll be involved in the squad. Apart from that, no, there won't be anybody else returning to the team. I asked the same question to Leah who we've just spoken to but what performance will you ask of the players given the current situation? What do you want to see from them tomorrow night? Obviously, what the fans want to see as well. We want to be competitive. We've got to show that desire to compete and win our individual jewels and earn the right to play. That's what they've done in a lot of games but we've got to see that more than ever because Crawley's style of play and we've got to be ready for that. We've got to be ready to compete and then we can get the ball down and look to play from that but ultimately we've got to compete and show it showing as much kind of desire and commitment to which the fans want to see and that's ultimately what first thing we'll be looking for in the squad. Finally, from me, Mark, obviously there's a lot of talk about who the next person will be. The club have said in a statement that they're welcoming applications for the vacant position. Are you putting your name into the hat? No, no. Ultimately, my job is hopefully trying to get a result at Crawley and then who knows from there but I'm just focusing on one game at a time. Thanks for your time, Mark. Good to chat with you. Thank you. Obviously, our football teams are a unit and there's a continuation from all of the different areas of it but how much did you actually know about the first team? Have you seen the play recently? Yeah, I've been to the games after the youth team games. A lot of the players have been here a season or two so I know the players and I've seen as many games as I can if it didn't clash with the youth team games. I know the squad, I know the strengths and the witnesses and the players so it was an easy transition in terms of knowing what I'm going to get from these players. Have you spoken to Stuart or Kenny since the decisions were made and you were put in charge for tomorrow night? I haven't known at this moment in time. I will do but it's just been such a quick transition that I had to focus on the game and I'm obviously preparing the players. How much are you having to rely on the players, particularly the senior ones? Yeah, like any squad, I think the senior players are important so the people like Novak, Rich or Donald, they're going to be important in that changing room before the game, half time on the pitch to obviously drive them standards and make sure that we're competitive in the game tomorrow. Cheers for that. Good luck tomorrow. Thank you. You were saying, Mark, about obviously the mental side of it being so big. I mean, having a different voice on the training ground this morning, even obviously someone they know very well, do you think that might help? It just sort of breaks things up a little bit? I think for some players, yeah, I think kind of a new voice but obviously however the new manager is going to be, they've got to perform so yeah, I think a couple of them could have been refreshed in a way that something different. I don't think I'd be exactly the same as the gaffer so yeah, I think it would be new for a few players and it looked like today that the players enjoyed the session and took everything on board. So I think people underplay the, as you say, the mental side of it, don't they? You can get in a rut where you're losing and it becomes sort of, you can get into your head, don't it, a little bit?  So, you know, ultimately that's my job and that's what I'm going to try to achieve before the game, preparing the best I can do. Yeah, obviously it's a great opportunity for yourself but the circumstances always make it very difficult on the end and when you look at that league table it's pretty nasty reading at the moment, doesn't it? It does, but I can only focus on what's next and that's preparing for Crawley and hopefully performing, that's the key thing, giving it a good performance and then hopefully we get a result. So we're not going there to obviously sit back, we want to be competitive, we want to try and get a result. Like Stuart was saying after the game and I think we all see that one of the big issues this season is about, you know, the couple of teams being conceding goals, obviously you're up against the Crawley team who score quite a lot. I mean, that presumably is one of the biggest challenges, trying to keep them quiet while trying to get something, isn't it? Yeah, definitely. You know, the game on Saturday, they've created a lot of chances, so you know, I think we're going to create chances tomorrow, so it's just important that we've got our structure right and you know, we're well concentrated and ready for what Crawley throw at us and we are prepared for it, so yeah. And then you've got a lot of players there that need to get back in the supporters good books as well, haven't you? You know, there's a lot of frustration out there at the moment. Yeah, there is, you know, like I said from the start, it's about performances and the players have got to perform, you know, as a team and individually, you know, and ensure that commitment and desire and I'm sure they will tomorrow. And very quickly on the team news, Bryce Hasana, what was that with him at the weekend? If you're going for a scan, so we'll obviously find out a little bit more on that, so I'm not, I want to say something like that, that's kind of, you know, telling you a lie, so you know, I need to find out from the physios in regards to that. But you're not expecting him to be involved tomorrow night? No. Cheers Mark, best of luck anyway. Thank you, Han. Can I just ask Mark, obviously the quick turnarounds are a bit of a nightmare for you in terms of doing all the preparation, but do you think for the players, the fact that they haven't really had time to stop and think about it and dwell on it, might actually be a good thing? Yeah, I think, I don't think obviously the big thing is obviously the manager change, but in terms of their preparation, you know, it's exactly the same, they knew that this game were coming up and yeah, the players' preparations stayed the same, so yeah, I don't think obviously they were disappointed this morning when they heard the news yesterday, so well, like you say, they've got a job to do and that's to perform tomorrow.  Yeah, 100%, you know, there's a lot of quality like you said, there's a lot of quality in this club, so it's just finding that balance of keep attacking, keep being positive, but also just making sure we cut out any errors and we've got that structure as much as possible behind the ball. And obviously it's a while to go now, but how do you think you'll be feeling okay, do you think you'll be nervous? I know, I don't show too much nerves, so no, I'll be fine and I don't want to show it, I wouldn't show any nerves anywhere to the players, but no, I'm confident in the preparation for, you know, with the players, so you know, they've been brought to you by DIS, keeping companies connected with cloud-based solutions. Come on, City!