Dylai i chi'n gwybod wedi eu gwneud sefydlu cwysig o'r markyfyr ar gyfer ymyl, a'i gweithio'r cwysig. Yn gyfyngau'r cwysig i'w bwysig, ond mae'n gweithio'r cwysig i'w cwysig i'w bwysig i'w cwysig, ond mae'n gweithio'r cwysig i'w bwysig a'r cyffredinol wedi'i gweithio'n cyffredinol ar gyfer y markyfyr. Rydyn ni wedi gweithio'r cwysig o'r markyfyr, ond mae'n gweithio'r cwysig i'w bwysig. I can't always be right if I had a crystal ball I'd be rich but um so I'm not always right but some of sometimes we are right and we are right a lot of the time actually DSGT it's um up from 50 cent or 60 which I um I suggested it out it's now gone over a dollar okay so it's pretty much almost gone up by a lot there so we've suggested some of the stocks which have gone up really well there's one stock that didn't know which was uh c o u v corporate universe which has actually gone down slightly but now it's starting to recover a little bit more but you know it's a rocky ride with any penny stocks so that's why I always say diversification is key and uh only putting a certain amount into any one penny stock and really spreading it across and bunch of penny stocks but then also your growth stocks and your long term stocks as well so be careful and only put in a certain amount onto penny stocks again okay but I've got a list for you some some of them that I think I've got potential to do really well very well actually and we'll go into these if you could hit the like button then I do appreciate that thank you for doing that so let's go right into it so the first one I've got for you today is bio nano it's b n g o okay this one's being talked about a lot there's a lot of investor sentiment around this particular stock it's being talked about in investor groups youtube videos and and I've had a look into the information I just recently made a video on that it's more one of my recent videos so if you wanted to see a really in-depth stock analysis on that then do check out my recent video or somewhat of a stock analysis there's only so much you can fit in a it's a compact video so bio nano it's at $2.51 okay now actually the stock analysts actually have this here on the cnn business page the four analysts actually have it a low of 75 cent a median of $1.38 and a high of $2 so actually I think that this is one of these stocks it's going to blow past the potential recommendations and forecasts I think that this could be updated because of the investor sentiment that's going on as well and also some of the fundamentals of the company so if I was to look to buy into this stock it'd be $2.51 I would look to get it below $2 and preferably around $1.51.80 and but again this is one of these stocks that may blow past the expectations so you may want to put a small position in on a dip but my ideal strike price is anything below $2 for this stock but I think it's got a lot of potential there's a lot of good fundamentals fundamentals for this stock BNG. The next one I've talked about before is called driveshack ticketing up symbol ds this one is getting towards a really good kind of buy zone really I did say anything close towards $2 whether it be $1.90 around $2.10 is a good price should anything lower $2 high $1 is an interesting opportunity to buy here so at $2.46 it has come down over the past three or four days okay it's gone from $2.82 to $2.40 and what I would say is as I've always said this stock is best to get around $2 lower $2 if you can a good price but what does the stock analysts say about this stock so there's two analysts and they have a 12 month price target the low end being $5 medium $5.25 and the high $5.50 so I would say anything below $2 because obviously when the pandemic starts to get a bit better in terms of you know it reduces then this stock in particular is going to do quite well because what do they do they do these kind of golf interactive events they've got basically these driveshacks where people can go to experience different activities and golfing and it's got a bar and they've got multiple locations and they're creating mini versions of this driveshack and and other versions as well and they've got some they've got some locations already as well so this isn't concept they've actually got locations they're bringing in revenue it's just a bit tough for them at the minute okay and we've got to think about that we've got to think into the future where could it go and I think anything towards $2 is a fair price for this stock and it's it's well worth looking into and holding for the medium term for this then you've got this next one which is Galaxy Next Generation Gaxi this is a stock that I suggested a few days ago and it's up about 100% since I've suggested it but I think that this stock is going to go even further okay I think it's about around 70 to 80% since I suggested it but this stock's going to as they're making this video again penny stocks they're all over the place so but this one's got a lot of potential folks this one's got a lot of potential galaxy next generation so they've actually awarded been awarded a contract for in a western Pennsylvania in the schools district for 1800 curvy curvy shields as they're called here 1800 this was in December 22nd I'm just showing you some recent information here so the so they're getting contracts for their products talk a little bit more about them in a minute and they've also released G2 visual alerts on January 1st so they've released a new product just ever so recently a new products that they're trying to sell to schools so what they're trying to do is build up a portfolio of products that can be sold to schools and they've released this new product they've got some other products and it's one that's so good to look into so this is galaxy next generation so it's set 0.024 right now again I think that this stock's got a lot of potential I think it really does I think it's really cheap at the moment okay but again if it can get on a dip if it does dip try get it to you know around 0.015 if you can get it a dip but I'm not sure how much it's going to dip by here I'm unsure with this one but I do think that in terms of the potential in the coming weeks and months this stock's going to do really really well okay I think that what they're doing there as a business I think is quite good I think it's a good proof of concept I think they've got a decent strategy and what they're doing and I think that this is an incredibly cheap stock price as to where it is at the moment but you know you want to get it at the best price really so if it can dip down a bit maybe buy in maybe put in a small position now again with penny stocks only a small amount of your portfolio should be on penny stocks ideally but it's up to you what you do but that's what my suggestion would be I just want to say here it's meant to say in the title thanks for the support but yeah I've put this screenshot over the text so there we go anyways moving on so we've got the channel here so I want to say thank you very much before we move on to the next penny stock so I want to say thank you very much for the support on the channel the channel's been growing very fast so if you could subscribe to the channel that'll be fantastic it really helps me out and if you drop the like it helps out get into the youtube algorithm which helps out the channel as well I hope in to get to 2000 subscribers by new year so if you could help us do that then please hit that subscribe button and like the video as well if you're already subscribed and thank you for watching the video so far but we've got some more for you so the next one is Palatine Technologies so PTN okay so these this is a pharmaceutical company involved in that sort of area okay and what I find that is interesting on this is actually the analyst pricing so it's actually at 0.73 at the minute okay but the analysts three analysts have got it at a low end in 12 months of two dollars medium of two dollars and a higher three dollars and at the minute it's at 0.73 now there has been a bit of a dip you can notice from five years ago it did dip down towards an air zero of 60 and then it's sort of recovered back up here to 0.73 so what I would say is put I would say the strike price for this is around 0.70 and put a small position in on this stock but then as it dips further or if it does dip further it might not okay it might just keep going up so again a strike price here of 0.65 if you can get it at that but then also 0.70 and anything below 0.60 is a buy okay but like we say the analysts have got this at two dollars medium two dollars low three dollars high so this has got a lot of potential to move it's got a lot of potential to grow you just got to give it time the next one I've got is clean energy fuels now what do they do so they're a clean energy company that offers comprehensive solutions for your fleet or business okay and this one's at seven dollars 97 I've got to say at this price I would I would maybe not get this at this price just yet what we're waiting for is a dip now it did reach $10 okay so that just shows that you can break that $10 threshold right but it has actually crashed down to $7.97 recently and what I'm thinking is let's have a look at what the analysts say first so we've got a low of $6 a medium of $7.50 and a high of $9 so what I would say is I put clean energy fuels on your watchlist and I would wait to see if this dips down to six dollars okay this dips down to six dollars six dollars 20 six dollars 50 around that range then I would buy some shares at this price um I wouldn't uh although it could go up and it could go up further but then it may come back down again I would try and maximize your upside by just being patient with this one potentially and putting it on your watchlist and waiting for it to go to a price that you feel comfortable with but I just wanted to make you aware of clean energy fuels the next one is called Mustang Bayer which is another pharmaceutical pharmaceutical company uh here uh and it's at $3.92 the analysts okay I've got this at a low of $7 a medium of $11.50 and a high of $13 that's in the next 12 months so this has already had a bit of a well it's it moved up and then it dipped back down again and it's hovering around this $3.80 to sort of $4 mark for the past five days now okay so what I would say is if you can get this at any point around this $3.60 range that's a buy I would say potentially it's good to put a small position in now at this price maybe a bit less because of the analysts saying that look it's a low of $7 so even if it does $7 that's still a significant amount as to where it's currently at so I think this has got a lot of potential to run up so something to consider here and one of what I want to mention is obviously just some stock thoughts at the end of this video just to to to say I think diversification is really important so I do talk about penny stocks a lot what I would say is it's good to pick a range of penny stocks a collection of penny stocks put a decent and you know put put a small position on each one okay and have a have a range of penny stocks the ones that you you believe in you do your own due diligence and research on but have a range of them rather than just one penny stock have a range of penny stocks and also only make penny stocks a small part of your portfolio overall so you've got your growth stocks you've got your long term stocks only have your penny ones being a small part of the portfolio and even within that always have some diversification diversification with a with a few stocks because like I say I'm not always correct if I was I'd be a billionaire so um you know I was wrong on CUV so far so far I mean it was dipped like 30% it's now um you know only dipped to 20% so it's starting to recover um but I was right on DSGT I was right on some of these other stocks that are from the previous list I talked about CleanSpark at one point that's up massively um so I'm not always right but I am often right um sometimes I'm wrong though so that's why it's important with penny stocks to have that diversification to limit your risk okay so thank you for watching this video if this was informative in any sort of way then please like the video and subscribe to the channel and I'll see everybody in the next video


Hello, everyone. Welcome to Friday, almost the end of the week. Welcome to the Kubernetes Steering Committee AMA session. My name is Christophe Lecker, and I'm joined by five of my colleagues on the steering committee. So just to introduce everybody to my immediate right, I have Nebroom, Tim, Ben, and then in front row, we have Stephen and Bob. We have a seventh member of the steering committee who wasn't able to join us today, Paris. And the seven of us lead the Kubernetes community. So a quick overview of where the steering committee kind of sits in the Kubernetes governance model. So if you have been around the Kubernetes community for even a moment, you'll probably know we have plenty of these things called special interest groups or SIGs. Each of these SIGs either has a domain-specific interest or they have a horizontal interest in the community. So domain-specific ones are things like node or network. SIGs that are responsible for a particular part of the Kubernetes code base and the Kubernetes stack. And then we also have horizontal SIGs that have more wide-reaching mandates across the community in order to collaborate between lots of different people doing lots of different things on a particular subject. Couple examples of those would be SIG architecture. So that's the architectural direction for the entire project or SIG contributor experience that is responsible for the contributing flow and both the experience of new contributors on boarding into the project, as well as providing services to experienced contributors like those who are leading these different SIGs. We also have bodies called working groups. Working groups are time-bound collaboration efforts within the community that are focused on a specific set of outcomes. Their goal is to spin up, to provide a forum to meet and collaborate on a particular effort, and then when they're complete in that effort, then they spin down. One of the key differences between SIGs and working groups is the fact that SIGs are long-lived and are ultimately responsible and own either parts of the code base or parts of our infrastructure. Whereas working groups are temporary efforts, they're designed to be spun down at the end of the day, so any artifacts that come out of those particular working groups will need to end up being owned by a SIG afterwards. So then we also have committees within the Kubernetes project. Committees are set bodies that have very specific governance mandates within the project. Three key examples are the Security Response Committee that is responsible for triaging and responding to security incidents and creating CVEs inside the project. We have the Code of Conduct Committee which is responsible for overseeing our Code of Conduct response efforts and doing things like helping resolve issues, provide resources and ultimately providing a place for people to go to ensure that we are a friendly, safe place for folks to collaborate. And then we have the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee is the top governance body within the project where we do two things. Number one, we are the key liaison between the Kubernetes community and the world at large. So those are things like our relationships with the CNCF, our relationships with other open source communities as well as anytime there's like an external query at somebody who doesn't know who to talk to within the community, they will typically come to kind of steering first and we can direct them to the right folks. The other thing that we do is we are ultimately the body that's responsible for governance inside the project. So that includes setting things like the rules around SIG charters, approving when new SIGs are created and any responsibility that we haven't delegated out to a SIG to ultimately be responsible for falls up to the Steering Committee. We are not a technical body. We do not make technical decisions on behalf of the project. We very purposefully delegate those out to SIGs and to communities within Kubernetes who are better suited to make those decisions. We strive basically across the board. Anything that we can find the right people and delegate to, we will. But for anything that there isn't a solution already and we need to kind of figure out a particular problem as far as who should or the right stakeholders to address it and things like that, those kind of all roll up to the Steering Committee. So after that kind of brief intro about who we are and what we do, we are going to open it up to questions. The group up here has many different experiences from years of work on different parts of the project and we're happy to kind of engage with the community and answer any questions that you might have. Thank you. Hi, thanks for having us, Amy. My name is Natalie. I represent SIG Snacks, also known as Docs. I want to give context that I asked the same question in the CNCF Code of Conduct Working Group brainstorm and I feel like it's worthwhile asking it here. I recognize that the majority of the membership of the Steering Committee, obviously it's community voted in but the majority other than number one, congratulations recently on being elected, is North American based and I'm wondering, is there any kind of room for having some kind of minimum requirement of having a member possibly from another geography outside of North America as the group is continued to be voted in by the community? I asked because there's a lot of different perspectives and a lot of different geographies that I feel like sometimes have to be fitted into a North American mindset that sometimes we're not really possibly looking at in the right way. I think there is a possibility because I'm here, Nikita was here a few years back so there is a possibility for people from other geographies to be involved and get elected to the Steering Committee. I think the mantra which works is like, keep on like contributing to other areas of the communities where you get more visibility and then you eventually like grow up the ladder and then. Yeah, I think my question is more so, are you willing to create a mandate that you want always one role that is outside of North America? Because I think, like I said in the code of conduct working group, there is one way to have an open door policy, which is great, but you have to engage by having a purposeful mandate with folks that maybe don't realize that they're welcome to actually put their hands up and take part but maybe the messaging of the community actively saying we always want a role filled by someone outside of North America and the community can vote on who that's going to be. So what I'd say is we are a representative democracy inside of Kubernetes. We have seven seats on the Steering Committee but we represent tens of thousands of developers. I don't think that there is necessarily a way to lock in and guarantee that specific groups within the project are going to be directly represented on this body. I think it would be restrictive on like we, the list of people that run for Steering. This is a, I'll say it's a very intense job. It's a job that ends up taking a lot of hours and that kind of stuff. And the folks that in my experience, all the folks that I've worked with on Steering are incredibly dedicated to this community and to represent all different facets of the community. But not, there isn't a guarantee that people from all the geographies that we have within the Kubernetes community are going to necessarily have the time to do it. We have had folks like Nibroon who have been elected in Nikita previously. So we have had folks outside of North America that have got elected for their contributions. But putting restrictions and guarantees is tough. The one restriction that we do have on Steering in order to make sure that we continue to represent the community's voices, there's maximal representation rules on the Steering Committee. So I believe it's no more than one third of the community. No more than one third of the committee can be from the same employer at the same time. So in a seven member body, that means no more than two seats can go to the same employer. While in our Kubernetes values document, one of the things that we say very clearly is community over company. Another very common saying that goes around is like different companies, but same team. We're here to represent the community and we all kind of like take off our corporate employer hats. We all have employers that at least to a degree pay us to be here, but we don't represent their interests at the Steering Committee level. We're here to represent and do what's right for the community. There are ways that we can better engage with folks. I'll always say there's always room for us to do better as far as engaging and encouraging more folks to run. But I personally would be concerned if we put restrictions on like, oh, the seventh seat on the committee has to go to somebody outside of North America, that it might not always go to the right person who has enough time to be able to fully execute on that job. I would be more kind of looking towards what can we do to more purposefully engage with folks so they know what we do and are interested in running. So yeah, so at the end of every Steering Committee election, what we do is a retrospective with the election officers, right? That gives us a time, an opportunity to reflect on, do we like the platform? Do we like how we engage with the community to get people involved and interested in running? One of the topics that came up is, do we feel that candidates who are maybe outside of North America or don't have maybe the same platform that certain people do have the same opportunity to serve on the committee? And can we do something better there? Again, I agree that these should be seats elected by the community. So what we can do in the community is try our best to diversify across geographic boundaries in each of our SIGs, our working groups, our sub-projects, what have you. I think, so I have been co-chair for SIG Release for a while, and one of the things that we do with the Release Team is it's geographic boundaries, it's employers, it's are you new to the Release Team?  We try to get a kind of a nice blend between all of those people. If we're doing that across all of our, and I mean, if you look at new membership coordinators, if you look at areas in contributor experience where we do, like moderators say, we do want opportunities to kind of follow the sun in some of those duties. So I think providing people opportunities that are geographically diverse on the community level will naturally encourage more diversity across the steering committee level, too. I've got a couple of thoughts. First of all, thank you for raising this. I think it's an important issue. So you specifically called out North American. I'll jokingly refer to Kristoff. He's North American, but he's not US American. And on a few occasions though, this has come up where he has been able to represent an international audience in a way that us Americans weren't quite aware of. So there is a little bit, and Naurun also now brings a different perspective. But this has been a huge issue for the project. Even if we're all in the same nationality, exact same culture, we have different time zones. And it's a big problem. The Release Team and Cigar Lease have done a good job over the years of modeling, trying to shift the times around, but it's hard. I know on another committee, Naurun had a lot of challenges around time zone. I know Nikita with Steering had challenges. It's a big deal. We as a, like Steering is responsible for defining and defending the values of the project, but values become human squishy things. And we all have to step to valuing, having empathy for others who are somewhere different and sharing some of the consequences of that. And it's a challenge. I don't know that we can prescriptively define something, but I also kind of like the idea of maybe picking a few things and codifying them and seeing what happens. It wouldn't be a terrible thing to try. And then one last thing, looking at us here. Well, I was looking to see that you didn't show that, but looking at us here today, there's at least one thing that we don't represent very visibly. And we need to think about that and actively work to make sure that we are representing all of you, because it's fairly clear that there's some differences out there compared to up here on the panel. And that's important to address. And then one last thing on that, China. China's not here at this conference. We are no longer, with COVID, we haven't been having a ChinaCubeCon. It's a risk if we have a split there as well. So we need to actively step to these things and try to figure out some solutions. I'm new to Steering and I'm really interested in ideas for this. One thing I'd say is that, as long as it is a community elected position with only maximum representation from the employers for optics and so on, one of the difficult things is even getting people visibility from other employers. At our SIG testing talk that I gave, we wound up with four Googlers because one of them joined Google since we planned the talk. And it was hard to find other people that were willing to come do this. Even some people that want to come, their employers won't send them. I'm really interested in ideas. I've been working a lot to try to bring up leadership in my SIG. And I have mostly wound up with other people at Google because I'm struggling to get other people engaged. It's hard to get employers behind people. And some of the big employers are very North America based. So one least quick comment going back to the retro and some of the ideas we're originally brainstorming to try and get people more exposure. We've done sort of steering AMAs for people that are potentially running for steering to come ask questions, but there isn't really a good place for the community to ask the steering candidates, the people that are running to ask questions. So you do sort of naturally bias towards the people that you know. So hosting some AMAs for some of the panelists, some other ways of just like getting a bit broader exposure for the people that do want to run might be a way to try and like help work with that. But it is something like we are actively thinking about. Yeah, I think I'd just like to add one more thing. I've been talking to people like in this conference on how do we actually replicate what we did in SIG release and in the release team to other SIGs and can we as steering have, since we are a governance body, can we make some sort of policy, may not be a mandating policy, but suggestions to SIGs on how they can learn from what has been done already in the past to promote like people from other geographies to at least like come up, show up in the SIGs and just show up and then become like, and then even in this committee, we have to also work on like how do we work on asynchronous communication, how do we have lasigan sensors, sometimes some things become like really time bound, you have to like get decision maybe possibly in a couple of hours where you can't have like possibly include like everyone, but in most situations in all across the community, probably we can like replicate what has been done and like good learnings from running release teams, running mentorship programs. And I believe that is how we can have like representation across geographies and any other criteria that you define, geography is just one of them. I think Navarra answered the question that I was thinking about was, so we've been talking about this problems and like when I was on the steering committee, which was I don't know like two years ago, we mostly been talking about the problems. What ideas do you have in mind to solve this? Like there will be a next election coming, like another election coming up next year. How will you ensure that we have a diverse candidate for the election or be geographies, be I don't know, whatever, right? Like how do you ensure that? What is the solution? What are you thinking about? I don't have a solution, but I'll start with saying it's really important that we think about this over the next year because we can expect it to get worse. The economy's slowing down. We know that that tends to impact more people who are less represented. So this is a major looming problem that we should actively try to address over the coming year. I think NABROON brought up one important point that's been on my mind, which is making sure that more things are async or have like more meetings for other time zones or things. SIGRelease has done a really great job, but there are other parts of the project that are like very heavy on like mountain view centric meeting times and making decisions in meetings. So I think first, like one thing long term is we have to do better on making sure that anyone can participate and anything that isn't somehow tightly time-bound decisions. But also one thing is, so Syring has bound ourselves, you know, we can't like publicly endorse anyone else, but we can go talk to people and encourage them to participate. And I think that's something that we all need to be thinking about doing is like who do we go encourage to participate? And how do we help them understand like what to do to get to that point? I want to change one thing I said. I said underrepresented, I want to actually explicitly say historically excluded. Our practices in the project are excluding people and we need to change that. Yeah, as a Googler, we call, we even joke about this internally Google standard time because they used to literally even set the servers this way. It's just completely permeates and it's very hard to get people to undo these things, but we have to push on that. We need to, as the economy slows down, we cannot be picky about where people are from, where they're coming from, we need contributors from everywhere and we need to make it easier to participate. So one thing that we've experimented a bit with like in sick contributor experience, and this is something we could potentially consider, you know, codifying as policy is instead of, you know, having the mandatory recorded meeting requirement, we switched to doing Slack, like bi-weekly Slack stand-ups. And to be honest, we haven't done a great job of continuing them lately, mostly just because of lots of personal bandwidth issues, but when we were actively doing them more, like it was working out very well. It was also essentially, you know, we'd start the meeting on like, our normal meeting is Wednesday at noon, or CET, and then we'd start the meeting on Tuesday, the Slack meeting on Tuesday and it concluded on like Thursday night where each topic was basically a Slack thread and then we'd take all the Slack threads and roll them up into meeting notes to try and just be more sort of like async friendly. There are options for us to explore there. The other thing is like, I really think that the gateway to steering in general is our like SIG and working group leadership. So like making sure that we have a pipeline of getting diverse candidates into these leadership positions is the eventual path to like steering these other things. We've been trying to do it for like, we were thinking to experience as running a mentor, a leadership mentor cohort right now to try and bring more diverse people into our leadership positions. So that way like myself, Christoph and Nikita can eventually step down and we'd really like this to continue where we are intentionally trying to bring more people, more diverse views into leadership and that should like bubble up to steering. So yeah, again, I don't think we have any perfect solutions for this, but there are like when I was thinking about the SIG release stuff and the timing and for when Tim and I were doing it, I think for years we were just, we were like, okay, well the release meetings at this time and we didn't realize that we were just kind of biasing towards Google standard time without thinking about it. So like we refactored this a few years back, but going to trying to solution some of this active sponsorship, right? You need to like each of us have kind of an orbit, right? Within the community, within our various SIGs. You should be actively looking to sponsor leaders, right? Not just on the group level, but on a personal level. You do need that. By the time we get to the steering committee AMA, we're pretty deep into the process. And those are folks who already knew they wanted to do it and not so much the folks who needed the extra push to say that they can do it. So I think that we need to take a more active stance in doing that. I had more words, but they're gone now, so cool. One other thing that I'd like to mention there of something that is actively in process. So Bob was mentioning kind of a path. One very common path to steering is through our SIG leadership positions. One thing that we have been talking about and trying to push forward is the concept of terms in those leadership roles as well. So steering already has terms. There's like an election cycle and we all have a particular term that we're elected for and taking on. But in those SIG leadership positions, I will freely admit I'm guilty of this too. I've been a Contravex TL for six years, something like that, which is good from a stability standpoint. It's not great from mentoring folks into those positions. So like as Bob was mentioning, making sure that there's opportunities for folks to be able to take the reins themselves and to move up in the community and to have opportunities to gain trust, gain influence, gain reputation within the community and eventually maybe move up into a position like steering. And that concept of terms is more just having checkpoints for folks. And it's like when you take a role that this isn't indefinite forever and that until you like say uncle and actually give up. Like no, there should be more regular checkpoints for a lot of these leadership positions in order to say like, do you still want to do this? Or do you still have the time in bandwidth? Or should you start thinking about mentoring up somebody from within the SIG to take that position over for you and to be able to take that lovely, glorious title that married us and to take a step back? Do you want to continue? I ended up, I would briefly, thank you. Terms have been one of my pet issue for a while now. When I got nominated to SIG ever since then, I've realized that like this is broken. We have all this wonderful ranked choice voting, maximum representation, we have all these things for steering. But then steering turns around and delegates most things to the SIGs. And the way SIGs tend to run things is someone decides to step down, they nominate someone on the mailing list, it's a public announcement. No one's gonna show up and say no. That person is now the chair, that's it. And it is for as long as they want it. There's no way to rotate people out. So in lieu of that, with a close read of the charter, one thing that we tried this year, very recently in SIG testing, is that there isn't a actual hard cap set on these positions. So just trying to find some people willing to do it and add more people and not keep it to the same two or three while we figure out how we checkpoint and rotate out people, just go ahead and bring on some new ones immediately. I think that we have got to get people visibility, but I also need people willing to step up because even in these other positions reaching out to people that have been participating in the groups, it was hard to find people willing to take on these positions. And if you don't take on positions of visibility, you're not gonna get elected to steering. Yeah, so I want to shift gears a little bit here. So KubeCon Contributor Summit, these are great places to facilitate these broad community-wide discussions. But what I want to know is how can we keep that going because what I've noticed ever since KubeCon EU, that was my first KubeCon, so that's my point of reference. So whatever I've noticed since then is that we have these really important discussions, we have these real problems that we need to try and address, but once KubeCon is done, the broader community sort of either loses track, loses context, and then so on. So how do we keep that discussion going? Because I love the community and I wanna do my part in helping out with these problems in some small way or the other, right? So how do we facilitate that? How do we actually brainstorm the smallest possible way to actually do something about these problems, right? Like it shouldn't just be discussions over and over again and it shouldn't just be that we have problem A, problem B, factors C, factors D. How do I do something about it? So I think at least with KubeCon EU this year, the biggest thing is that we didn't assign note takers and we didn't actually record the AIs from the very good discussion. That was honestly like a, our bad is organizers. I think going forward, we do have those notes and we do need to like post-KubeCon actions and to turn them into issues, turn them into AIs and things like that that can be tracked and assigned and worked on. And I think that's going to be plus like, honestly just people to continually ping on them. And I think that's going to be at least the, one of the best path forwards for really teasing out the stuff that comes from those great in-person discussions. For terms, there's an issue from four months during the, it's open that we just need to bring the discussion back to if you're interested in that topic. I can also tell you that now that I can see kind of some of the backlog and talk to folks on steering about some of the things that they're, not publicly discussing or things have come up with like code of conduct or whatever, that unfortunately at the moment these folks are spending a lot of time doing very visible or non-visible firefighting. So we could use some help reminding us to keep coming back to these things as I can tell you my whole week this week has just been trying to stop the Kubernetes project from shutting down all of our infrastructure because we're about to exceed our GCP credits like next week and getting the CNCF and other folks to take this seriously and fix this and we're okay now but we have just been running around talking to people, trying to sort that out. And it's not very visible and it makes it easy to forget about the other things that were, the other important things we're working on. I don't know about everyone else but it's hard to keep on top of. So if you can come back to one of these things or file an issue or email steering or just anything to bring us back to these topics. I mean, some of it needs to be on us but also understand that like there's a lot of things going on that not everyone can see for various reasons talking to the CNCF and their closed governing board session or whatever that is very distracting. Just to clarify, it's not like wanting steering to come back, it's more like, okay, how do I put these discussions out for the broader community to also take a look and then let the community also help you solve it. There's a steering repo and GitHub, file an issue, public discussion, other very common ways to engage with us. So I've got some of them up on the screen as far as our email lists, when our meetings are, all our meetings are recorded, our Slack channel. There's also a couple, some of these broader discussions around like how should we govern like SIGs and to share thoughts and best practices between SIGs. There's a chairs and tech leads channel in Slack as well where all of our kind of different SIG leaders and that kind of stuff bounce ideas back and forth. Most of our SIGs are self-governing and kind of set some of these policies themselves but then there are discussions between, okay, how do we share best practice between everyone and how do we take a working best practice and codify and say, no, actually this is not a requirement because we need this kind of ubiquity across the community. Yeah, to Ben's point, I think there is a lot of time consuming and emotional work that happens behind the scenes. I would say that that is 70% if not more of the job. And like sometimes we're able to reveal what is actually happening and sometimes these are conversations that are happening over months, over years. That's until we get the resolution, we can't pop out, show work around it. I think in terms of if we're talking about not just steering, like one, we have our, again, we have the repos, we have the mailing lists. There is also the funding repo for specifically talking about funding something within the community. Steering helps, steering helps capture and execute on those actions. The, I think in terms of like any time you're coming to a talk, an event, a contributor summit, what have you, think about your outcomes, right? Not just outcomes for you, outcomes for the community. We are all in this together. So if there's something that you wanna see happening, keep pinging people about it. Make sure it's visible. Make sure you're vocal about it. There are lots of places to do it, depending on the, depending on the SAIG, the working group, what have you. But we do need to make sure that we are keeping the work as visible as possible and that we're all, like we should all know that we're empowered to help do that work. So it's not just a, it's not just a, we're missing out on note-takers and we didn't capture the AIs. It's everyone's responsibility, honestly. And we represent all of you, so hold us accountable. It's easy to open an issue on GitHub, drive conversation there. It's been, and Stephen have alluded to, and not really explicitly stated, is a body we try to operate from a consensus basis. So at the point that we make a statement on something on behalf of the project, we want it to carry weight and be authoritative. That can be a challenge. We may spend months on something that's visible or very frustrating and causing people even to leave the community. And we've struggled at how we efficiently arrive at a conclusive stance on something. I think we could probably do more of that on public GitHub issues, broad open discussion. That would be a good thing. But there are also some of these things that are quite fraught and we have to be a little careful and sensitive on how we discuss and explore the possibilities because we don't know everything and it's easy for each of us individually to put our foot in our mouth or perhaps do that on behalf of the project. So there's a weird balance there, but push us. We report to you, the community. Okay, I think we have time for one more question and then we'll have to wrap up for today. Sorry, I didn't mean to be the last one, but excuse me, just listening to what everyone is asking and you guys talking about those issues, the one question that comes to my mind is seven the right number of people. When the Kubernetes project started, we had a much larger committee. There was an original bootstrap committee that was just a whole bunch of different community leaders getting in a room to kind of set the initial charter and figure out how do we govern ourselves? Because we didn't really have a lot of past information to kind of go on. So we kind of had to blazer our own trail and figure out how we were going to govern ourselves. We eventually decided to scale down to seven seven as a special number within the Kubernetes community. So, and we wanted to have kind of an odd number. So if we needed to vote on things, that we would be able to kind of make a decision to move forward. It has actually come up before, do we need to add more people to the committee in order to expand the work that we've done? We've also had discussions around reducing the size of steering and having more people kind of out in the community doing things and reducing maybe the scope of what steering does. So we've had discussions kind of both ways, but every time we've had those discussions at least historically, we've always kind of come back to, no seven is the right number at least for now. But all of those things as far as like the membership and makeup of the community are all kind of open to us to kind of decide what our destiny is and do we have the right number of folks kind of on this committee. But unless we're going to have a committee of tens of thousands of folks, we're never going to be able to be 100% of the community. So there's always going to be some degree of like, we need the help from the community in order to drive things forward. I like the idea of having broader representation. It could also drive us more towards some of that asynchronous communication and written communication planning. As an example on a couple of occasions, and we've actually tried to set this as a regular meeting point, but the code of conduct and steering committees have tried to have joint meetings. And across those 12 people, it's almost never happened because it's impossible to get together. But that is the proof point that if we want to do more representation, we got to shift how we do it. And it's possible. So yeah, so I think there is no right answer and having been on this steering committee to do a group steering committee and like a few governing board things. The question comes up all the time, right? And I think with the, okay, yeah. And I think with the one, to Tim's point about driving consensus, like with seven people, we're already finding that like the glue is weird, right? So like, I don't know, like I honestly don't know the answer. I don't think more or less would be easier to drive consensus. More would bring in better viewpoints, different viewpoints. What's, you know, I guess what the hope is, is that we find mechanisms for driving consensus faster and bringing those issues into public when we do have resolutions faster. So also very few people ran this last time. We only had a few more people than seats. So if you're interested, please reach out to any of us and talk about it. Because at the moment, it would be hard to staff a larger one. It wouldn't be a vote. It would just be everyone that opted. Thank you so much everyone for joining us. If you have questions, again, here's how to find us. And we're also very friendly people. So just come up and ask. Thank you.


Hello students, I am Professor Bhagyaj Deshmukh from Mechanical Engineering Department, Valchain Institute of Technology, Solapur. In this topic, the failure of machine elements Part 2 will be discussing failures of simple machine elements. After completion of this session, you will be able to write the design equation for typical machine elements. These are the primitive design equations. If you learn these equations, then it will be easy for you to design the components which are having the combination of failures of these primitive failures. Let us see the next case. Now the straight bar is changed. Let us use some different type of rod. I will call it as a stepped rod or a stepped bar. It is a solid bar, however it is stepped over here. The diameter at the smaller zone is D. The cross section over here is having small d as the diameter whereas the larger portion represents capital D as its diameter. This component is loaded under tension. It is pull force P. It is to be understood that the force is in the line of axis. It is axial loading. Therefore, it is a pull force. The component is going to be stretched. Now it is interesting to write the design equation for the component. One may need to think whether the component will fail at which location, whether this or this. Then you can check our regular equation force P equals two brackets. First bracket is area which is resisting the failure multiplied by the corresponding stress. Here it is sigma t. There can be two locations. Either the component will fail somewhere over here or at this junction and second this is the first case and here at the larger diameter there may be the second case. This is the second plane where the component may fail. However, if you look towards the equation if area is going to get increased the stress is going to get decreased. Therefore, at larger area the stress will be definitely less and therefore the failure is going to happen at the weakest cross section. Therefore, when there is a variation in cross section or there is a change in cross section one need to identify where is the weak section and weak section one can find over here. This is the weakest section here somewhere because it is a junction. But we will take that the failure is going to happen at diameter D and the section will be like this. It is a circular cross section which is going to resist the failure. Then I need to write on the basis of this p into a p is equal to a into sigma t on the basis of that I need to write the equation force p equals pi by 4 into d square I am taking this small d because at larger diameter at capital D failure is not going to happen multiplied by sigma t is the corresponding stress. Therefore, the component is going to fail over here therefore, I need to write the design equation for this section. This is a case of a stepped rod or bar which was loaded under tension. I need to use sigma t we can try with our rule just extend this axis you will find that the force applied is perpendicular to the area which is resisting the failure as per my thumb rule I can attribute this failure to tensile failure. Let us move further we will see the next case now the component is bit changed I am changing the component let us see the component in some modifications I am doing some modifications with this component this is a solid rod or a solid bar which is under tension I have drilled a hole which is perpendicular to the axis of the given rod. We can see the other views also this top view in the top view you can find it very correctly if you project these two then you can get the top view of the hole which is drilled in this solid rod the diameter of this circle is small d one can see in the side view also this represents the hole the outer circle diameter is capital D and this hole if I see this dimension it is small d I need to write the design equation for this component we need to begin with the area available for this component the weakest section I need to identify the component is not going to fail at this section the component is not going to fail at this section it is going to fail somewhere over here because the area you have removed this material from the component one need to identify that area see what is going to happen with that area this is a circle which was earlier fully filled but you have drilled a hole over here and hence the material is to be removed from this component therefore effectively this much material only is available I can show it over here this is only the material because it is by drilling a hole in this rod you have removed the material therefore I need to find out what is the area outside circle area is pi by 4 d square therefore p is equal to pi by 4 capital D square is the established equation minus I need to reduce this area of the rectangle which rectangle I am talking about this portion because we have removed this material then how much is that area height is d because the diameter of this rod is d and this dimension is small d therefore I need to reduce capital D into small d is a rectangular area from this component and then this is the net area available I need to multiply with the corresponding stress I am going to use sigma t as the corresponding stress because here again if I check the force is perpendicular here you can see the force acting is perpendicular to the area which is resisting the failure therefore it is a typical case of tension or the failure is going to happen due to tension hence it is mentioned as tension and corresponding stress I am going to use it as sigma t ok let us move further let us make the earlier component more complicated now we have seen a bar which is loaded under tension we made that bar a hollow the side view of the bar was like this inner circle and outer circle the top view if I try to indicate it is like this I need to make this component hollow then further due to additional need we drill a hole in this component in the front view you can see it like this there will be no hole over here the reason is already the material is removed in the side view also I can show the component this is the change in the component if one try to identify the area one need to think upon it the force is p the component is loaded thank you


Good morning everybody once again For polyphil are doing well Welcome to the week seven. They're at the seventh week of our class Welcome to all the e-learning students as well We're going to be focusing on a fresh new Set of a fresh new chapter today if you all remember we had spoken about The process the counselling process the last two weeks we looked Largely at exploration we looked at Understanding and we looked at action and we did a couple of road plays also last week so Going forward we are going to be learning about skills What are some of the skills that we need to? Really take us through this process of counselling now all of if if you look at All that we're learning. It's how you as a counsellor will be able or can can make use of Some form of Foundational skills that will help in that in this helping relationship. Okay, so that's what we Are going to be looking at majorly today So before we before we begin just to quickly give you Like like an overview of what we are also going to be doing We are looking at how we can enhance the counselling relationship So just to for us to understand once again what a counselling relationship. It's the It's the connection between a counsellor and counselling and The quality and the strength of that connection between the counsellor and the counselling So we looked at some things of empathy The attitudes that a counsellor needs to have which is empathy generalness unconditional positive regard, right? And we we also look at how listening and showing understanding are Important to build this relationship with your counselling So when when we look at counselling counselling consists of mainly two things one is the counsellor's relationship with the counselling and Also the counsellor's relationship with the counsellor now in order for the counsellor's relationship with the counselling to be enhanced and We need to look at things that we call as micro micro skills so all counselling employs certain skills or certain patterns of skills which we know which are known as Micro skills so all systems any kind of counselling that you do Needs to have a certain pattern of skills and that's what is called as micro skills So the micro skills that the counsellor employs or uses is that Which helps the counsellor to move in the process of counselling? Yeah, I'll repeat that once again the skills or the micro skills when we say micro these are Although they are small skills. They are highly important for the to help the to help the counsellor To put move the counselling run into the process of counselling So these skills are basic skills that is involved in effective relationships, okay, so I Maybe we will we will try and look at it through Let's say a real-life example so that it's it's a little bit more Understandable, okay, so suppose the engine of your car has stopped Okay, what is it that you would need to do it to get it to a working condition? So one you will need to take it to a mechanic Who's killed to work on the care of the car, right? So you need to take it to a skilled person You will need the right kind of tools To open the engine to look at the wires to look at the parts you need tools to do that, right and third There are certain conditions that you may need to get your car to start working like you need to charge your car battery or you may need to add water or So you have to take your car through a conducive condition to get it to start working So there are three things that is you need a person, right? Who has killed you can't just take it to the to your milkman or to your postman, you know If your car breaks down you need to take it to a mechanic who has killed The second is you need the right kind of tools to open the engine, right? You can't take a kitchen knife, right? But you need certain tools to Ensure that you're able to open it and third is you need to activate some conditions Which will help the process to change. So similarly in counseling when people come For help you need to use certain skills, okay? Certain foundational skills that are needed for the counseling to be effective You need certain tools on which a lot of those connections depend on and lastly you need to create some conditions Where positive change can take place, okay? And this is what we call as micro skills They're not just skills, but they're like tools and it helps to improve the condition of the person who is coming to you So when we're looking at micro skills, we We need to know number one Why do we use it? Who should be using it and what is it? So there are many skills that are Used during a counseling session and that's the next slide that I will come to But the question is why do we need to why should we be skilled? We need to be skilled so that we can establish a good relationship and help the counsellors in their sessions Okay, because if we it's like this Think of At your workplace like if you're in a workplace and you need to have a presentation You need some skills to do your presentation one you may need to know how to operate your PPT The second is you may need to be skilled in the language that you're speaking You may be your third you need to have certain skills in the subject that you're talking about so all of this You establish you build those skills so that your presentation or your Your work can become effective So similarly in counseling these are used because we need to build a good relationship and help To bring the counsellors involved in the sessions that may be helpful So who should use these skills? These are used. Yes by a counsellor So that it can help in your communication all of these skills that we look at helps in your communication with your Counseling now. What is it? They are Certain observable actions of you as a counsellor that will appear to help the change in the session Okay, so it's something that maybe your counsellor will observe that you are doing that will help them to move from It being a to have that being a positive experience in the session All right. Now, I'll just give you a few of the kind of micro skills generally some of it that we are going to be dealing with There are a lot more but what is sufficient for us Through through helping us through the process of counselling these I think would be sufficient and we're going to be looking at this And a few more so the skills of attending Responding skills questioning skills and Influencing skills, okay So today we are we are going to focus only on the attending skills Before focusing on the attending skills. So when you look at attending, what do you think the word? Where does the word attending come from? When you think the word attending comes from Come on students you could either chat or open up and speak Where is the word attending come from? Yes, the word attending comes from thanks prince. Yes The word comes from attention Which means you are paying enough attention to To your counselling to help them To connect with you All right, so this attending is actually a behavioral Way or behavioral part of building that connection right they the so Any time you meet a new person You're looking for certain Ways in which they are able to connect you connect with you Okay, and how do you how do you know that someone is connecting to you on a natural basis? How do you know that someone is connecting to you? I'm talking about new people. Okay. So when a new person comes to you, how do you know that they are attending to you? What are your thoughts? Sorry jack, and I can't hear you Okay, jack, and you're not Audible. Okay. So prince is written in facial expressions body language eye contact. Yes Right. So that's one way that you begin to infer Whether they're interested to talk to you whether they're looking at you what their body language is all of that excellent, right? So these are some ways that people begin to know whether I mean you begin to know Whether they're paying attention to you. So similarly Your attending skills as a counselor your attending skills actually encourages your counseling to talk and And it may show me That they that It may show them that they that I am interested in what They are saying or what they're sharing So the way that I behave or the way that I show something Gives an indication to the others to by counselor or counseling that I am interested or I am keen to hear what they want to tell you so that's the Purpose of these attending skills So you are encouraging Through my skills. I'm encouraging my counseling to be open And to and to talk. Okay. So when is this used? When are these attending skills used? These attending skills are used throughout the entire counseling process and It's especially important in the beginning stages of a rapport building So it says right Your first impression is the Best impression that is the first time you see someone and if they have caught your attention You may remember that or you want to continue to interact with them because of the way that they made you Feel like for example when you have gone to a doctor when the doctor has been um significantly Interested in you and you know called you by name or maybe spoken to you and looking you in the eye and Showing that sense of interest You remember that person but for the doctor who just Looks at the paper maybe keeps writing tells you three prescriptions and gives it to you and sends you away You don't have an extremely good opinion of it, right? so This it usually happens in your initial stages, but that doesn't mean um It doesn't continue on Through the counseling process it is there, but it's mostly important in your initial stages of Uh establishing a rapport. So what does it mean? What is it? It is In short, it is paying attention to That is as a counselor I'm paying attention to What my counseling is not just saying But what they're doing What they're probably behaving Maybe even thinks that they're not saying I'm able to pick up through their um Through their body language, right? So me paying uh, uh attending skills is paying attention to whatever the counseling is saying and doing Okay, now attending skills can be divided or There are there are three ways that you can attend One is attending non-verbally and verbally The second is attending by listening or by observing and the third uh by by listening the third is by observing So these are the three Areas or the categories by under which that you you can um You can look at it as a headache, right? So I have to attend to my counseling With non-verbally that means I may not be saying any words Or verbally with words or by listening And the third is by just observing they're not saying anything, but I'm just Observing what what they're doing or what's happening. Okay So let's look at each one of them one by one and uh try and maybe unpack some of it, okay um So a technique behavior like I said is uh defined as supporting your counseling um with appropriate verbal visual uh vocal And body language. Okay. Now. This is known as the three V's Plus the B The three V's being visual eye contact the way that you use your eyes to attend or vocal qualities The way Now vocal qualities doesn't mean how sweet your voice is. Okay. That doesn't mean that vocal quality is the way that you're using your uh voice to You know the way that you undulate your voice the way that you do you You your tone is Or the way that your pitch is the way that it sounds, you know the volume all of that matters In paying attention and lastly it is the verbal that is what you are saying the words that you are saying Plus the B that is the body language.  Okay now it is important to understand That you know because we live in a multicultural world world That some actions or gestures or things we may Do or behave may be appropriate in one culture But not in other cultures So we have to be aware of what is culturally appropriate For each of the people that we are seeing So if you are not aware of this it can break um those connections And that relationship May not be so established that the counseling may choose to leap like for example In maybe the way that you're sitting right in your counseling session really Sometimes can be appropriate in some settings Like uh, if you are Maybe you're sitting in front of your counselor and you're you're sitting cross leg You know you're putting both your legs on the chair and sitting in It appears if you as a counselor doing that it almost looks like it is a informal setting Right that it's a setting that you're not going to take anybody seriously Or if you put up both your legs and you know sit with both your legs in front of you and hug Hug your legs like that Right it it indicates something So we have to be careful about About the people we talk to because In their culture some of the way that you may sit Could be disrespectful like for example if you um put one leg on top of the other You know not not not cross leg but you you kind of Sit too comfortably that one leg is on top of the other and you know it could It could mean something else for the person Uh on the other end so to be sensitive about What are some of the gestures or the Actions that we may we may do okay, uh, are you all here with me? Because I haven't been able to see you I I don't know if everyone is okay All right, okay, everybody's here. All right Okay, thank you, Anand. Okay. Okay, Anand. Got it got it got it got it Okay, all right, so Okay, so we're looking at the three v's and the b's so we look at visuals vocals Burbles body language, so we'll just take each of them a little in-depth. So visuals is the eye contact that you that you use when you are meeting with the with people the good Eye contact so maintaining good eye contact Is how one of the ways? Excuse me. I'm sorry Excuse me Is one of the ways a counselor can convey interest confidence and involvement in the story of the counseling Okay, so for clients for counselors who may have difficulty with closeness Making eye contact can be an important vehicle of change, you know when you when there are some people who may not Cannot make that eye contact when you do it in a in a In moderation it can be quite helpful So even when you're having eye contact, please remember that you shouldn't stare Right eye contact doesn't mean you don't take away your eyes from their eyes at all Right, it it means you should have those Natural breaks in your eye contact like you're looking at them and maybe you look while you're talking You're looking somewhere else and then you look back at them and you know You're looking down and then you look back at them. So then there isn't that That sense that you are, you know glued onto their faces So there should be natural breaks in that eye contact and there should be a certain Ebb and flow in the way that you look at them as you collect your thoughts and listen to their stories, right now breaks in eye contact on the You need to also notice that when Counseling has breaks in eye contact like they are breaking away from you They're looking aside and they're seeing part of the story It could mean that they're looking away probably because some story really distresses them Right, they keep away, especially when the person's crying And they want to hide their pain from you. They're not going to look at you and keep the right Right, they may they may look down and and feel a little ashamed that they're in a dream But then it helps you see that When you actually continue that eye contact, it helps you helps them see that you're still interested Okay now So Again, sorry. Yeah, okay. So it's good that you maintain this eye contact when you're talking to the person However, like I said, it should not make them uncomfortable when you stare intensely at them. So in order to break this I this this staring eye contact Break eye contact every five seconds seconds or so. So when you're breaking the eye contact don't look You know, don't look down Sometimes as this might indicate the ending of your part of the conversation Like when you're saying something and then you look down, it looks as if you've ended it Instead what you can do is looking to the side or looking Maybe a little up as if you're remembering something Okay And or the other thing the other thing that you can do is listen to them Uh use the triangle. What is that trying to do? Like when you're staring at their face at a At a specific point it looks as if you're intensely staring, but it is to move When you're looking at them to move from one eye to the side to the mouth and then back to the side Then the side to the mouth so that you know When you are sharing or talking to the person when they're talking to you and you're looking at them You're not focusing staring. You're not staring But you're focusing on the left eye then you move to the right and come down then again, you do that process Okay, uh, so so it's important to to do that now when you are Again, when you're listening to someone it can be It can be off-putting If you either stare at them too hard or even if you look away Too much uh to the To the to the other side. Okay, so it's it's essential to be sensitive to the differences in Eye contacts and how eye contact is usually maintained. Okay um All right next comes vocal Now vocal is the way that you use your Uh the way that you use your voice. Okay, and how you How you use it to to bring out Maybe the importance of things that they're saying or the emotions has been expressed So we we know that emotions are generally Frequently conveyed through your voice through your tone or through your pitch When you're the the pitch The the pacing and the volume has a direct impact on the way Someone responds to you emotionally if someone is at the high pitch, you know that they are fairly excited When someone's on a low pitch and slow, you know that they are calm when when someone is um You know in in a in a place of inquiry You can see that there's always a lot of shifting of A thought shifting a boy shifting of things to do here Okay, so remember that your voice can actually help to either create a a soothing An anxious soothing and anxiety regulating atmosphere for the person And it must communicate warm An interest and not really boredom and lack of caring. So these are some things that You're hoping your voice can do now in all of this you would also there can be even silence Now silence is also a way of supporting What your Counseling is saying right so to that when when they're saying something and you don't Speak and you're silent. It helps them to see that you're also In understanding of the situation So we need to learn to use our voice as a therapeutic tool So that becomes a big tool for us as we are relating to people Okay, now in verbals Verbals so we finished vocal we finished Visual now we're into verbal now when we're looking at Verbals and what observations are being made there um, what we need to focus Specifically on is what we call as tracking now verbal tracking What does it mean? It is actually that you are following what your um, council is telling you and you the the goal In the verbal Apart is to keep the dialogue going where the counsellors Lee the car where the where the counsellors may say something and you just follow Where they want to go so even as they're talking they may say okay I want to talk to you today about my family and then up sometimes I want to talk to you about work So you're actually following them to understand them a whole lot better Okay, so this is specifically important at the important, uh, sorry at the beginning stage of Uh counseling because this is a time where they make their first impression You you're making your first impression as your council as their counsellor So, uh, you know, you need you may need to be in a place to Continue to track them, you know continued to verbally track them so that they Know that you are being heard. Okay. Now, uh So in this verbal thing The actually the counselling is the one who does the majority of the talking That's at least an 80 percent of talking is what the Counselor does and it's only 20 percent That you that you may be involved in because if you're helping them talk if you're helping them to relate They may be in a far place better place so clients Generally should be talking most in the session also to Avoid the urge to ask too many questions. So what happens is? When we are asking questions, we don't stick at the question But we continue you may say what's your mother's name and then as that where does your mother work and then? Uh, you know, what is she doing now if she's a retired so there are so many questions that does not help work the Does not help that issue at that point of time Okay, so resist the urge of asking too many Questions another thing that you can focus on is to use minimal encourages like when you're when Your client is narrating a big story to you rather than You know cut them off at every point The idea is to continue to say Uh-huh So they call minimal encourages So you are urging them to continue their story to continue what they would like to say through Through these things they and these are what we call as verbal Verbal encourages Okay, the next is the body language. So we looked at verbals We looked at vocals and we looked at Visual okay now we're looking at the body language now the body language What what happens is your through whatever is happening to us our body is Our body tends to respond non verbally also So the body language is looking at the non verbal messages we send through Um our postures our gestures our facial expressions or a physical in Appearance and all of this is what really shows interest. So the way that We send those gestures those movements that That even those physical appearance even the way that we show it or we send it through Impacts what impacts this now your body position Should be able to convey to your counseling that you are interested and that you are involved So positive body language is demonstrated Maybe by a relaxed posture A steady eye contact knots of the head and an occasional smile or some kind of a Happy experience. So this this this is what you could look for. So you adopt a open Attemptive body posture lean forward slightly use good gestures head nods Appropriate physical appearance. So even the way that you dress up or the way that you're too shabby Can put off the Counsel and also the distance that the both of you sit in As well as mirroring the client.  So it is it is to a Like for example, let's say a counselor is sitting forward and really speaking with a With a with a short tone So when you mirror that now that this doesn't mean you copy them so much that they begin to feel uncomfortable But that, you know, if they are Sitting forward, you're also in a slightly Alert kind of a position if they're sitting back, you also could be in a slightly Relaxed position. So all of this affects what we call as the attending skills that quickly There's an acronym for attending non-verbally to your to your to your counseling Okay, so it's called solar which means assist to switch to sit squarely Facing your counseling or is an open and non defensive posture L is to lean slightly towards the the client Um, e is having a good eye contact and r is being relaxed and comfortable Okay, okay. I want to stop here and is there any specific Um questions that you may have no questions at all Okay, I'd like to show you a small video Uh, if you're not able to hear it, please let me know Uh But yeah, so so I'd like you to pay attention to this video and it shows you two things it shows you What correct attending skills is and what incorrect attending skills? So let's just have a look at this You can't hear is it Not able to hear Anthony you can hear Anthony, are you able to hear No, okay. Okay. Just give me a minute. Let me try once again Let me know if you can hear Okay, what I'll do the what I'll do is I'll probably Send it to you on the On the stream and I'll put it up for the e-learning students You could go through it. I think there's a problem with my google meet. I'm not able to click the audio button Okay, so you can have a look at what is what is the way that The flawed behavior and there are it's just not attending behavior, but there are many things So you can have a look at the video. I'll put the link up on the stream so that you can have a look at it. Okay All right. Okay. I'm just going to stop here. Are there any specific questions that you have? Uh up until now Any questions? Okay I don't think we can We could probably do a role play. I know it's going to be hard doing it on a on a On a google meet but nevertheless, I think we can still try um And I think we will look at this So I've got two three examples and maybe Sorry Okay, um, we could probably look at Uh the second one Okay, a nervous and scared teenager is forcibly brought by her parents to you Okay All right. I think there's a question jack is written Uh taking into consideration woman to woman can we hold their hands to comfort and console Tap or up their shoulder. I mean because when we meet person Hey, that's real. Yes, you can you can um again, maybe you know, you it really also uh You you you should be able to have a certain You know understand what may be a limit like more than their shoulder Their hands may be a better thing to do and this of course always recommended man to man and woman to woman Rather than the opposite gender. Okay, because in some cultures it can be absolutely Uh Not acceptable All right. Okay. So so let's uh, let's look at the second one nervous and scared teenager Is forcibly brought by her parents to you Okay, so Um Can we have some Can we have some uh volunteers Someone who's a nervous and a scared teenager Uh, and we need a counselor as well And you may need to put your reviews on so that we can see the nervousness of the teenager Okay, so who'd like to Who'd like to um Volunteer one students Quick quick If you all don't I'll have to pick out names So it's better you all just uh agree and come forward. It's okay. This is a learning So it's okay. It does. Yeah, you're not meant to be perfect It's a learning. It's only then like like that you learn So I need a nervous and a scared teenager.  Okay, so you can be a little Nervous a little scared and uh, yeah, you're calm the counselor prince. You'll be the nervous teenager Okay, great. Okay So prince and we need a counselor also We need a counselor Shri ratha Shri ratha Come on students Let's not waste time. Come on.  Now I can hear it. Okay all right, so Y'all could uh, so prince you are you're afraid to be in front of shri ratha or you're nervous ratha okay, and uh Shri ratha what you're doing is to Uh, what you're trying when we're looking at the tending skills it is to look at how He can be comfortable. Okay. How can prince be comfortable? To to just begin a conversation with you All right Okay, let's start start If if you'll need to switch on your videos, please do that so that it makes a little bit more The others could also see you well Okay, go ahead prince and shri ratha go ahead We're waiting Can you hear me ma'am? Yes can hear you Okay, so prince is not ready actually just No, you don't have to uh You just don't this is just to show attending prince.  So we're only getting to that not about a problem. Okay. Is that clear prince?  I can't hear you Where could you share that mic?  He's nervous.  So Rather you may need to start Hi prince Prince can't hear you. Are you saying anything? Uh, we're just Okay, so He can share something about you I don't know to share So prince you can you can say something like I didn't want to come here. My parents are the one who's forced me here Uh Can you repeat once? You can because you're you're you didn't agree to meet the council although there must be a problem But it's your parents who forced you, right? So you can say I didn't want to come here. My parents forced me to come here So I don't I really don't have anything to say I ask that, um Radha Yes, yes, so How is everything going on? Everything is going right, but I don't know why I'm here Okay, actually you didn't come like by yourself. Someone sent you, right? You got my point Okay uh I can understand actually I can uh, I can see like when someone actually misunderstand you And uh, send you to the counsellor So what is the problem? Actually why they sent you here? I don't have any problem, but I don't know what's problem with my parents Okay, you can uh, you can uh, tell me that why they're thinking that you have a problem What is their perspective? I think you should ask them not me. They have a problem with me not me Ma'am, this is a stubborn policy I got in my whole life I Can't handle Okay, all right, so prince when uh, uh, let's if your parents were sitting in this room with the you me uh, and the You me and then what will your parents say about? Uh, bringing you here prince Did you understand the question prince? Sorry, I can't see you which I'm asking you you have Can you repeat me? I said so I'm I've taken the position of the counsellor now, okay So so prince I I understand that uh, you didn't want to come here, right? Yes Okay, okay. So are you upset with your parents because they brought you here with the outside of your will Yes, I am You are I know it can seem Unfair isn't it? Maybe kind of because Yeah, maybe kind of unfair So what were you doing before they brought you here? ma'am So what were you doing before were you playing football? Were you in your friend's house? What were you doing before they brought you here? Uh, I was just sitting alone in my room You were sitting alone in your room and listening to songs And listening to music, okay, and the fact that they took you out of a space like that and bought you here must have been very What were you angry? Were you sad? What were you feeling? Uh, I was feeling alone You were feeling alone. So do you feel lonely at times? Yes, I do Okay. So despite you having your parents and your brother and your sister with you You feel lonely Yes, I do Okay, and I'm sure that must be a difficult feeling. Isn't it? Yes, it is So what have you done previously to feel Uh, to not feel lonely. What have you done to not feel lonely before? Uh, I never done anything not to feel lonely, but I used to embrace that lonely feeling You embrace the lonely feeling Okay, so are you so I I hear that uh You don't like to be lonely No, I like to be lonely. You like to be lonely. Okay. Okay. All right. Do your parents see that you being lonely is a problem Can be like Yeah, maybe they see it as a problem Okay Sorry, but you were saying something They may see it as a problem, but for me I like Having my own space Okay, all right, so So, uh Prince, uh, I understand that you know, uh, you said it's not fair that they bought you here You like to be lonely and I don't want to you know, put you in a space where you are uncomfortable Right, but I have just this one question to you If uh, let's suppose your daddy and mummy were sitting here with you and you here, okay with us in this, uh, room And uh, what would you like me to tell your parents? You don't bother him much Just let him do what he wants to do Okay, so you would like If I if I was able to say you would like me to say, uh, no that they don't bother you. Okay. So have there, uh, Has there been a time previously that you have told them this not to bother you? No, I didn't You haven't told them To say Because you're scared Okay, all right. So if I were to Work with you and help you in any way help you in any way What is it that you would like to do in this situation? You told me that you like to embrace loneliness, but still you're scared to tell your parents So if I if you and I were able to work together Or what kind of help would you like to have Parents to stand up For my rights for my freedom and speak Okay, all right. Okay, let's stop it here all right, so So did so what did you all notice quickly? I know we have five minutes ahead, but what did you notice? Just some observations All of you. What did you all notice? Just we're just looking at attending skills. Okay, not the problem. Let's look at attending skills What did you notice out of those? I know not too much can happen on a call like this because you can't there's no Body language and all of that, but what did you notice? Quickly quickly if you want your break, let's do it quickly Anything else noticed Yes, Nina. Go ahead Townsley is like very stubborn not to open his heart Okay, but then sort of mean Yeah, but let's look at the the skills. Okay more than the counselling Let's look at the skills that were used to help him open up So someone's written the counsellor made the teenager feel comfortable. So he began to speak. Yes So Anthony says transparency. So what what was something that the counsellor said or What was it that the counsellor? Um Yeah, one is said one is the position of the counsellor that helped. Yes building the friendship, right? Yeah, and the counsellor is understanding the pain of the counsellor So she can the counsellor can understand. Okay, this counsellor is going through tough and and empathize with the The difficult moment like coming and sitting like this is difficult Right, he's understanding that right. That's right. Nina. Great. Okay, and Sriradha said building friendship Jackens his words that was supporting of his feelings So there was a lot of verbal that was used over here anything you noticed of the voice Anything of the vocal the the tone of the voice or something that helped Maybe I should ask prince prince. What is your experience by just Uh, what did you feel as you were talking to the counsellor? Actually, like When I like when you are the counsellor Uh, I feel actually like I don't know but the way You sounded the tone in the voice actually it made me Not to be stubborn or not to Give back answer, but It's like a smoothing thing to me Okay, so it was soothing it was soothing that was there for you, right? So so here we didn't even go to the problem The only thing that we did over here was to establish a relationship and sometimes it may take a long time to establish that relation And that's why attending skills are very very important through the Through the entire process. Okay, our prince. Can you hold on to your question? We will come back after 10 minutes and we will we will start off with the question and carry on All right, let's have a break for 10 minutes and come back. So see you soon