Assalamu alaikum, welcome to lecture number 5 of the course on statistics and probability. You will recall that in the last lecture, I discussed with you the construction of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable. Also, we did the relative frequency distribution and the percentage frequency distribution. We learnt how to draw the histogram, the frequency polygon and the frequency curve. Today, we will discuss the different frequency curves that we encounter in real life. And then we will go on to the cumulative frequency distribution and the cumulative frequency polygon.  You will recall that in the last lecture, I can wait to you that the frequency polygon is that diagram that we obtained by plotting the class frequencies against the midpoints of the classes and by connecting the points so obtained by straight line segments. In the EPA mileage rating example, our frequencies were 2, 4, 14, 8 and 2 against the various classes that we had formed and our frequency polygon came out to be as you now see on the screen. Also, you will recall that I communicated to you that the frequency curve is obtained by smoothing the frequency polygon that we have drawn. In the example of the EPA mileage ratings, the frequency curve came out to be as you now see on the screen. Ye jo dotted line aab dekh rahe hain, this of course is the frequency curve or jo straight line segments wala haka hain that is the frequency polygon. Ye jo frequency curve hain, iss ka purpose us distribution ke overall pattern ko display karna hota hain. Iss me ye zoroori nahi hain, ke aapki jo curve hain wo un sub points ke darmean mesi guzre. Shaya daap ko yaad ho, ke me ne last time bhi iss baat p stress kia tha. It should be noted that the frequency curve is actually a theoretical concept.  The smaller the class interval and the larger the number of classes, the narrower the rectangles become as you are seeing now on the screen. Aap issi concept ko aap yani aur aage lejhain aap unko narrow se narrow se narrow karte jain to ultimately you arrive at what we call the frequency curve. In spite of the fact that the frequency curve is actually a theoretical concept, it is very useful in analyzing real world situations. The reason is that often very close approximations to these theoretical curves are generated in real life. Yani ye theoretical curves jo hain ye un real life phenomena ko itni closely approximate krti hain ke it is valid to utilize the mathematical properties of these curves to analyze those real world situations. Students, I will now discuss with you the various types of frequency curves that we do encounter in practice. We have the symmetrical frequency curve, the moderately skewed frequency distribution, the extremely skewed frequency distribution, the U shaped frequency curve and also the uniform distribution. Let us discuss these one by one. First of all, the symmetric frequency distribution is of the shape that you now see on the screen. Is distribution ka khasa ye hain ke agar aap ek vertical line place karein in the center of the distribution, then the left hand side will be the mirror image of the right hand side. Yani dono sides bilkul ek jaisi maloom hongi ek dusve ki reflection and this is what is known as the symmetric frequency curve. Next, the moderately skewed frequency curve. Students iske andar we have two categories, the positively skewed and the negatively skewed. Wo hain jisme the right tail is longer than the left tail jabke negatively skewed usko kate hain jisme the left tail is longer than the right tail. Jaisa ke aap note kar rahi hain agar iske darmean aap ek aina karak hain to the left hand side is not the mirror image of the right hand side. Aur ye jo lakh of symmetry hain issi ko skewness kaihte hain. Both of them that we have just considered are the moderately skewed distributions, but then we also have the extremely skewed frequency distribution. As you now see on the screen an extremely skewed distribution is the one in which the maximum frequency occurs at the end of the frequency distribution. As you can see this curve looks like a J and therefore it is also called a J shape distribution. Iska example agar aap death rate ki baat karein of the adult population of any country to aap realize karein ge ke us distribution ki jo shape hogi it will be like a J shape distribution. Why? Because for lower adult age the death rate will be lower, but for the advanced age the death rate is higher and so the shape is like that of a J. Ye to the extremely negatively skewed distribution disko aap J shape b kaisakte hain, but then also of course you can have the extremely positively skewed distribution which looks like a reverse J as you can now see on the screen. Let me illustrate this type of a distribution with the help of the following example. The following are the numbers of 6's obtained in 50 rolls of 4 dice 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 and so on. Construct a frequency distribution and a line chart and discuss the overall shape of the data. Students iss me aap sab se pehle ye note ki je ke 4 dice ko aap roll karein and you are interested in determining how many of the dice show a 6. To pehla jo figure 0 hain uska matlab ye hain ke aap ne wo 4 dice roll kye aur kisi peh bhi 6 akar nahi hua similarly second 0 also means the same thing, but after that we have the number 1. Iska matlab ye hain ke 4 dice jo roll kye gaye unme se ek ke upar 6 nazara rahe. Similarly you can interpret all the values. Now we would like to convert this raw data into a frequency distribution and all we have to do is to construct a column of x where x represents the number of 6's that we obtain by rolling 4 dice. As you can see on the screen x values are 0 1 2 and 3. Now in order to tally the raw data into our frequency distribution we will construct the column of tally marks and the column of frequencies. As you can see the number 0 is the most frequent value and f is equal to 28 corresponding to x is equal to 0. Similarly f is equal to 17 corresponding to x equal to 1 and f is equal to 4 against x equal to 2 and f is equal to 1 only against x is equal to 3. Agar aap raw data par dubara nazar daale to aap deek sakte hain ke 3 jo hai that occurred only once. The line chart of this distribution is obtained by taking x along the x axis and f along the y axis and as you can see on the slide students the first line is the tallest obviously the first frequency is the greatest and therefore the first line has to be the tallest one. The second one is shorter than the first the third still shorter and the last line is the shortest. If we draw a free hand curve on top of this line chart we obtain the shape that you now see and I am sure that you will agree with me that this can be regarded as a reverse J shaped distribution. Please keep in mind that we must not be drawing a free hand curve in the case of a discrete variable the way we have in this particular example but I have done this here only to illustrate to you the shape of this particular distribution. Students I would like to convey to you a very interesting point here. Aap ne dekha ke ye jo distribution hai this is extremely positively skewed. The question is does this data set indicate that the dice that were rolled were unfair? Yeh is liye ke haan samaj sakte hai na ke agar haan absolutely fair dice is tamal kar rahe hote to haan ye expect karthe ke koi symmetric see distribution haan haasil karthe. Shai thame intuitively ko ches khosam ki feeling ho but you will be interested to know that if these dice were absolutely fair we could have expected to obtain frequencies very close to what we have obtained. You will be studying this point in detail when I will be discussing with you the binomial distribution but at the moment I would like you to concentrate on this very interesting fact that four tosses of a fair die yield such a sharply skewed distribution. A relatively less encountered distribution is the hue shaped distribution. If you consider the example of the death rate of not just the adult population but the entire population of a country you will agree that you will get something like the hue shaped distribution. Infant mortality rate is higher than the death rate at at ages 20 to 50 and then the for the advanced age again the death rate is higher. Another rather less frequently encountered distribution is the uniform distribution. Let me illustrate this distribution with the help of a very simple example. Suppose that a fair die is rolled 120 times and the following frequency distribution is obtained. X represents the number of dots on the uppermost face. Obviously X takes the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and the frequencies are 19, 22, 20, 21, 19 and 19. The line chart of this distribution is as you see on the screen a set of vertical lines which are almost equally tall. If we draw a free hand curve along the top points of these vertical lines students we obtain a horizontal line. In other words our free hand curve is not a curve but a line and because of the fact that it is horizontal we can say that we are dealing with a uniform distribution. The point to be noted is that since the die was absolutely fair therefore every side of the die had equal chance of coming on the top. As such out of 120 tosses we could have expected to obtain X equal to 1, 20 times, X equal to 2, 20 times, 3, 20 times and so on. And we note that the frequencies that we have actually obtained are very close to the expected values 20, 20, 20 and so on. After all you will agree that these values are very close to what we could have expected theoretically. So, the gist of the whole discussion is that whenever we are dealing with an equally likely situation of the type described in this example we are dealing with the uniform distribution. Students out of all these curves that I have discussed with you the most commonly encountered one is the moderately skewed distribution. Just go and start measuring the children in that school.   Of course all of them pertain to the continuous variable, but obviously a similar situation will hold for the discrete frequency distribution. And as you can now see on the screen in case of a discrete variable also you will either have a symmetric distribution or a positively skewed or a negatively skewed one. Let us now go to the cumulative frequency distribution concept which I have already done with you when I discuss the discrete frequency distribution. You will recall that in lecture number 3 when we were dealing with the discrete frequency distribution I can wait to you that if you start adding those frequencies i.e. first frequency as it is and then that plus the next one gives you the second cumulative frequency and so on. So, it is called cumulative frequency distribution. Now, we apply this concept on continuous frequency distribution and we use the same examples that of the EPA mileage ratings. So, as you can recall and see on the screen the frequencies of the distribution that we had for that example were 2, 4, 14, 8 and 2. And if we add these the way we did in lecture number 3 we obtain the cumulative frequency column as 2, 6, 20, 28 and 30. That tells you how many observations in that distribution are equal to that x value or smaller than that x value. So, it gives us the total number of observations starting from the lower class boundary of the first class up to the upper class boundary of that particular class that we are considering. For example, if we consider the cumulative frequency of the third class in this example of the EPA mileage ratings it is 20 and what does it mean? It means that the mileage of 20 cars lies somewhere between 29.95 and 38.95. Similarly, the mileage of 28 cars lies anywhere between 29.95 and 41.95. This type of a cumulative frequency distribution is called the less than type of a cumulative frequency distribution. Why is that? Because any cumulative frequency tells you how many observations are less than the upper boundary of that particular class. For example, in our same example of the EPA mileage ratings 20 cars have mileage less than 38.95 or you can say 20 cars have mileage 38.95 or less. The graph that is called the cumulative frequency polygon. Students, you will be taking the upper class boundaries along the x-axis and the cumulative frequencies along the y-axis as you can now see on the screen. The cumulative frequencies are plotted on the graph paper against these upper class boundaries and the points so obtained are joined by means of straight line segments. In the example of the EPA mileage ratings our cumulative frequency polygon comes out the way you now see on the screen. This graph is also called the OGIVE. This is the graph of the cumulative frequency distribution. This is achieved by adding a class to the frequency table on the top as you can now see on the screen. If you increase one of your classes in the beginning so that you have a class from 26.95 to 29.95, obviously the frequency of that class is going to be zero because actually none of the cars was falling in that category. Now if you want your cumulative frequency polygon to be close from the right hand side also this is achieved by dropping a perpendicular from the last point down to the x-axis as you can now see on the screen. Actually this step is not very important from the statistical point of view. Let us consolidate all these ideas with the help of the example of the ages of managers of child care centers that we discussed in the last lecture. As you will recall the statement of the example was the following table contains the ages of 50 managers of child care centers in five cities of a developed country. The ages were 42, 26, 32 and so on. We converted this data into a frequency distribution in the last lecture and today we are interested in constructing the cumulative frequency distribution. The students will recall that the frequency distribution that we obtained last time was 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49 and so on as the age groups and the frequencies were 6, 18, 11, 11, 3 and 1. Now in order to construct the cumulative frequency distribution the first thing that we remind ourselves of is that the cumulative frequency is a running total of the frequencies through the classes. The cumulative frequency for each class interval is the frequency for that particular class interval added to the preceding cumulative total. Adopting this process in this particular example we note that the frequency of the first class is 6 and hence the cumulative frequency of the first class will also be 6. The cumulative frequency of the second class interval will be obtained by adding the frequency of the second class 18 to the cumulative frequency of the preceding class that is 6 and hence the cumulative frequency of the second class is 24. Proceeding in this manner we obtain all the cumulative frequencies and we note that the cumulative frequency of the last class is 50 which is exactly equal to the sum of the frequencies. Hence our column of cumulative frequencies reads 6, 24, 35, 46, 49 and 50. Now the important question is how do we interpret this column of cumulative frequencies? Well it is quite simple. Similar to what we did in the last example students in this example we note that 24 of the 50 managers are 39 years of age or less and if you look at the upper limit of the class which has the cumulative frequency 24 students you see that the upper limit is equal to 39. In the next column you see that 18 managers are 30 to 39 age group and 6 managers are 20 to 29 age group. So it is obvious that if you add 6 and 18 then the number 24 that corresponds to the age group 20 to 39. Dusre Lafzome 24 managers are such who are 39 years or less age wise and this is exactly what I said earlier. Similarly we can interpret all the other cumulative frequencies for example 46 of the 50 managers that is 92 percent of the managers are 59 years of age or less that is less than 60 years old and so on and so forth. Next let us consider the graphic representation of the cumulative frequency distribution. Students proceeding exactly the same way as we did in the previous example we obtain the cumulative frequency polygon that you now see on the screen. The upper boundaries along the x axis and the cumulative frequencies along the y axis with one class added in the beginning with zero cumulative frequency yields this attractive cumulative frequency polygon. Students let me now share with you some real life applications of the concept of cumulative frequency. It is used in many real life situations including sales accumulated over a fiscal year, sports scores during a contest in other words the accumulated points, years of service, points earned in a course and costs of doing business over a period of time. For example going back to the first one that you have on the screen sales accumulated over a fiscal year that means during a year the sales that you add to your record will go on to accumulate. So these are the concepts that relate to this particular technical concept. Students today I have discussed a very basic but important concept and that is the concept of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable and its frequency curve and its cumulative frequency polygon. Let us now consolidate all this that we have done by considering another example. The example that you are now seeing on the screen pertains to a sample of 40 pizza products produced by various companies or this variable may have interested here that is the cost of a slice of pizza in American dollars. Let us first consider the construction of a frequency distribution for this particular data set. The first thing to note is that the example that we did before that of the EPA mileage ratings that was correct to one decimal place. We will proceed in exactly the same manner as we did in the last example. If you go back to the data set you find that the smallest value in the data set is 0.52 and the largest value is 1.90. Subtracting x0 from xm the range comes out to be 1.38. Let us suppose that we decide that we would like to have eight classes in that case. As you will recall the next step is to divide the range by the number of classes so that you obtain an approximate value of your class interval. So, as you can see on the slide in this particular example dividing the range by the number of classes which is 8 we obtain 0.1725 but of course we would like to round it to a more convenient number and hence we say that our class interval is equal to 0.20. Now the next step as you will remember is to decide the lower limit of the first class. We have various options but if I take 0.51 as the lower limit of the first class that will make it quite convenient for me because as you now see on the screen if I do that I get class limits as 0.51 to 0.70, 0.71 to 0.90 and so on. Once again I will remind you that you may feel that the class interval is no longer 0.20 but although it appears to be 0.19 actually it is 0.20. Isme jo baat dekhne ki hai wo ye hai ke jab kabhi bhi aap class limits form kar rahe hai is tarike se that you are maintaining a gap between the upper limit of a class and the lower limit of the next class then you should not subtract the lower limit of any class from its upper limit in order to find the class interval. What you should do is to subtract the lower limit of any class from the lower limit of the next class and you will find that you have exactly the class interval that you want. As you now see on the screen in this particular example if you subtract the lower limit of the first class from the lower limit of the second you do obtain 0.71 minus 0.51 which is exactly 0.20 the class interval that you wanted. Similarly you can also subtract the upper limit of a class from the upper limit of the next class and in this example 0.90 minus 0.70 also gives you exactly 0.20 the class interval that you wanted. The next concept is that of the class boundaries you see this is the golden rule that when you first form the limits the number of decimal points is exactly as much as your data is and later when you form the class boundaries then the procedure we form automatically one decimal place is increased and there is no problem of telling the data when the telling process starts. So, as you now see on the screen in this particular example the upper limit of the first class is 0.70 and the lower limit of the second is 0.71 and when you add the two and divide by two your upper boundary of the first class as well as the lower boundary of the second class comes out to be 0.705. But since there is no value in my data set equal to 0.705 there is no problem regarding the telling of the data in this frequency distribution. Of course the next step is to actually tally the entire data in your frequency distribution. Students I will be very happy if you would take this up as an exercise and tally all the data of this example in your frequency distribution and then go on to draw the histogram the frequency polygon and the frequency curve of this data set. Iske baad aap us frequency curve ko judge ki jie is it positively skewed negatively skewed or any other shape and also you should try to interpret the shape that you are getting. Also if you do the cumulation of the frequencies then you will get an idea of the number of pizza products which have the cost up to a certain value as I explained with reference to the last example. Many aap se kuch ter peale kaha tha that the most frequently encountered frequency curve is the moderately skewed one moderately positively skewed or moderately negatively skewed. Is example ke data par to me ne work nahi kiya hai but I do have a hunch ke jab aap iske frequency curve banayenge so that will also be something of that of this shape the moderately skewed shape. Iske bhaja kya hai why is it that a lot of time our shape our curve shape is like this. Ke aisi ek shape ke jis ko hum hump shape bhi kaya sakte hain aur jo aam tor pe absolutely symmetric to nahi hoti but it is approximately symmetric slightly positively skewed or slightly negatively skewed. Iske bhaja kya hai.  In saare phenomena me se ek ko le liye jaye. Let us talk about the weight of the children of one particular class. Kisi ek class me they will be more or less of the same age. So age ke hi saab se hum kaisakte hain ke it is like a constant a constant value. So aap iss particular age group ke jo bachche hain, inke jo wazan aap karenge to kya aap mujh se agree nahi karenge. Ke jo majority of the students hain unka wazan average jo wazan hosakta hain us age me usi ke lag bhag hoga. Zyadatar bachche aapko usi wazan ke milenge. Aur bhot kam bachche aapko aise milenge jenko aap underweight kahin. Aur issi tara kam bachche aapko aise milenge jenko aap overweight kahenge. Ye jo baat me aap se kar rahi hoon. Ye hi apply hoti hain bezh shumar fenomena ke upar. Ke majority jo hain wo us cheese ki darmyani range me hoti ek akar kar rahi hoti hain. Aur uski lower extreme ya uski upper extreme. Un extremes pe kam values lai kar rahi hoti hain. Haid ki baat ki je. Most of the people in Pakistan adult males may be like 5 feet 10 inches, 5 feet 8 inches, 5 feet 11 inches or 9 or 7. Bhot kam log aapko 6 feet se jada aur jada issi tara kam log aapko 5 feet 4 inches ya 3 inches pe milte hain. Exactly yehi wajah hain why you obtain a hump shaped frequency distribution. Frequency number of observations rise kar jaati hain in the middle of the distribution wo jaha pe average value lai karthi hain uske aaspaas. Aur frequency decline kar jaati hain at the extremes of the distribution. And the most fascinating thing students is that this excess and this defect occurs in a more or less balanced manner. Allah taala ne yeh kainat adal, hussan aur tavazun pe kain ki hain. Phenomena jab aap uski distribution construct karthe hain aapko wo jo excess or defect hain from the average value wo ek balanced manner me milta hain. And you get something approximately like a symmetric distribution. Marks ki baat karein. When you are you know you are enrolled in a college and you are you have so many students in this college and we take this exam and we have this set of marks you know. Iska agar aap histogram banaye to iski bhi aapko shakal takriban issi tara se milegi. Ke majority of the students jaha pe frequency rise karegi unke marks 50 percent, 55 percent, 60 percent ke lagbhag honge depending on the caliber of the students aur bohot zyada namro wale students kam honge, bohot kam namro wale students bhi relatively kam honge. And generally you would get something like the symmetric distribution. Of course, hame iske counter examples pe bhi kaur karna chahiye. There are situations when we will not be getting something which is approximately symmetric. Ishi marks ke example pe aap rahein. Aur yeh sochein ke yeh particular exam jiski hain aap baat karein hoon. Kisi aise professor niliya jine bohot thi zyada, bohot thi zyada mushkil exam lene kar shok hain. Aur bohot hi taaf exam ho gaya. Ab aap agri kareenge ke isme toh bohot zyada students ke number bohot kafi kam honge. Aur jo frequency hain hain, jo bulk of the frequency hain. That will shift towards the lower marks. Yani maybe 20 percent, 25 percent, 15 percent, itne namro wale marks wale students ke tadaaj shahit bohot zyada hojain. So, the frequency rises not in the middle part where it is like 50 marks or 55 marks, but it shifts towards the left side and it rises against the value 20 marks. Is case me aap ki jo distribution hain that will become positively skewed. You see it rises in the beginning and then it drops and goes towards the other end. Aur aap iske bilkul opposite situation ko leh liye je. Think of a test which is very, very easy. Bohot hi aasan test dey diya professor ne. Aap toh iske baale se bilkul opposite situation ho gaya. There are so many students now, bohot zyada students who are getting 85, 90 and something like that. So, in this case your distribution becomes negatively skewed. You start from a low frequency and as you go and proceed towards the number 85 or 90, your frequency rises. So, the rise is not in the middle of the scale of the marks, but it is towards the right side and your distribution is negatively skewed. This brings us to the end of today's lecture. Students, in the last lecture and in today's lecture, you have dealt with a very important concept and that is the frequency distribution of a continuous variable. I have discussed with you the relative frequency distribution and the percentage frequency distribution. Also, we learnt how to draw the histogram, the frequency polygon and the frequency curve. In addition, we did the cumulative frequency distribution and the cumulative frequency polygon also known as the ogive. In the next lecture, I will discuss with you some very interesting diagrams such as the stem and leaf plot and the dot plot. Also, I will begin with you the concept of central tendency of a data set. In the meantime, I would like to encourage you to practice all these concepts that you have done until now and also to attempt the assignment that you will find on the website. Best of luck and Allah Hafiz.


After two days of training at Penn State University for the 2013 Warrior Games, the Navy's Warrior Games volleyball team went up against PSU's ladies volleyball team for a two out of three sitting volleyball match. Although these sailors brought their A game, there were no match for the PSU ladies. The girls are no joke. They came out to play. It was awesome.  They're disabled. No, they played us like they would any other competitor and, you know, we had fun out there. There's a lot of laughs. Well, it's really fun. I enjoy it. Last year, Army came here and beat us. So it was nice to get a win today and I really hope they beat Army. These Navy wounded warriors took a wamping but now have a little more preparation for the 2013 Warrior Games. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer of Mark Timberlake.


Hey, guys, I'll be talking about how life can be better with Git hooks. I'm Deepank. I'm an engineer at PayPal. So has anyone here used Git hooks? I'm sure everyone must have used Git, but Git hooks. A lot of us. Anyone not heard of Git hooks before? OK, still a lot. So advanced users, please bear with me. I'll be wanting to cater to all sorts of audiences. So what are Git hooks? Well, Git hooks are essentially just custom scripts that you can write and customize the internal behavior of Git. So on certain events of Git, you can write scripts that are triggered at certain points of time. So well, why use them? Because they make your life much better. So Git is a tool that we use almost every hour. Most of us are software engineers, I believe. So Git hooks can really be used to make life better. And the best part about it is that you can use any language to write them. So as long as the language is executable by the environment, you're good to go. So where are these Git hooks? So let's say if sample Git repo is our repo, and we go to the .git hidden directory edit, and list the files, there's a Git, there's a hooks directory. Basically, the hooks are located there. And there are basically two types of hooks, client hooks and server hooks. Client hooks are the hooks that you install on a developer machine. So they're for individual developers to enhance their programming environment and basically just make their development development workflow a bit easier. Whereas server hooks are hooks that are installed on remote Git repos. And they could be used for a variety of reasons, like sending notifications on pushes and things like enforcing some policies, like code quality and all. So if we look at what are the sorts of Git hooks present in your hooks directory, there are a number of Git hooks. There are nine in total by default. So in a newly initiated Git repo repository, all the Git hooks are extended with the .sample extension. So what that .sample does is it tells Git that this is not to be executed. So if you just remove the .sample from the extension, it'll execute the script. So you can see there are a number of hooks that can be used for a variety of reasons. Some important hooks that many of us use in the everyday life are for Git hooks that are in the commit workflow. So when you type Git commit, what happens is these Git hooks get executed in this order. So the pre-commit hook gets executed first. So basically before anything happens, when you type Git commit, the pre-commit hook is run. So what this is typically used for is things like running unit tests in your app, checking for code quality. Those who have done JavaScript might have heard about JSCS and things like that. So those things can be hooked into this to make sure that you're committing something that's correct and runs well.  So it allows you to modify the commit message that comes up in that editor. After that one is run, the commit message hook is run. That is something when you save that file, it could be used to append something onto that file or really modify the actual message automatically. And then after that is the post commit which could be used for a number of reasons, not the most common one, but it could be used for things like notifying the user or doing something like that. So one thing to note about it is if you, in any of these three commit hooks, if you exit with a status which is non-zero, it's actually going to abort the Git commit. So that is something we use. So let's look at a simple, very, very simple example of a hook. So this is a pre-rebase hook. It's not part of the commit workflow, but it hooks onto the Git rebase command. So if we go to the pre-rebase hook and so basically I told that we could write hooks in any language. So this is an example in shell script. So what the first line does is just tell Git what language is this in as in the path for the interpreter. So this is just an example that it echoes a message and exits with status 1. So basically rebase is totally not allowed. Some people believe that rebase is dangerous. So this thing totally doesn't allow rebases. When we type Git rebase, a particular branch, this is going to abort rebase and the user is not allowed to rebase. So one thing to note is that client hooks should not particularly be used for enforcing stuff because it's a client hook. Any client can just, we can just go to the hooks directly and edit it. It's basically used for making things simpler for us. That's all it's for. But what can be used for enforcing stuff is something like server hooks. So server hooks are actually hooks that are in the server repose, the Git repose that you push your repo to. So some examples are pre-receive, update, and post-receive. So pre-receive is the hook that's run when the server just receives a Git push, for example. The update is when it updates its repo with the new commits that you've sent it. And post-receive is typically used for notifying or sending emails when the Git push is completed. And yeah, typical users are enforcing policies like code quality, avoiding console.logs, and things like that inside your code, and sending emails. And the catch here is GitHub doesn't allow server hooks. Is there a question? Sure, go ahead. Is this something we can use with Bitbucket and GitHub? No, that's what I was going to get into. The catch here is we cannot use this with GitHub. Bitbucket, I'm not sure. But GitHub, you definitely can't use it because the thing is, if you allow a user such access, he can really run any script on the server. So that's why they don't allow. What's recommended is to use web hooks and stuff like that to actually run another service, which runs in some events. And the client hooks, are they shared with other clones of the repository? No, it's not actually the .git repo. The .hooks is not shared when you get cloned. So what you could do is link. What's recommended typically to share the scripts is, so let's go back and see the .git repo here. It's not actually the hooks directory is not shared across when you clone a redirect directory. So some people say that these hooks are meant for individual developers. But some other people say that, well, we want to share these hooks. And across a team, for example. So what's a recommended approach is to have another directory inside your main repo, which is meant for hooks, where you store the hooks itself, the scripts. And you could document in your readme, things like that. When you clone, you sim link your scripts to that script. Yeah. Isn't there a money for a code texture? Sorry? Isn't there a money for a code structure? Because if you match from the remote that you check out a branch that is not, that has malicious intent, wouldn't you be accidentally running those scripts there? Do you copy the hooks files into the people that are here? Or do you sim link them? We can sim link them. We could copy as well. Depends. So if you sim link them, and you check out some new branch, which contains a malicious code, like rm-rf. Yeah. So that's always there, right? If you're working in a team, you need to make sure no one has that script. But that's definitely that can be done. What if you're flawless? Sorry? Yeah. Yeah, so. But yeah, that's a good point. There's always this thing of responsibility with hooks. With hooks, you can really run anything, because you have the access to run the script. OK, so that's about server hooks. And that's all I had. It's a very simple talk. Any other questions? Best client and server hooks? I actually use the pre-commit hook the most. So I work in Node.js. And well, I'm at PayPal, so Douglas Crockford, if you know about him, he's a big, because he wrote JS lint. He's a big seller of JS lint. So we hook JS lint into the pre-commit hook, and then run for code quality. And we also run unit tests with the pre-commit hook. Yeah. If you return a non-zero access from the pre-received hook, will it actually prevent push or happening? I believe so. I haven't tried that out, but I think so. Yes, you can stop a push if you return a non-zero access from the pre-received hook. In fact, in my project, they use that to make sure that the commit hook is on the format, and if it doesn't follow that format. Yeah, there are actually you can find many hooks over the internet, which all this also depends on the environment you're working on. If you're working on Node.js, there are libraries that actually install the hooks for you, and there are MPM modules that will do all that for you. So for example, JS lint, if you're working on JavaScript, it also comes with an MPM module that installs all the GitHub stuff for you. So you. Can you show some example of JS lint? Sorry? Can you show some example of JS lint? JS lint? Well, what sort of example are you looking for? How does it install it? OK. If you go into don't have access, but I don't have there any. It's the JS and the yellow pencil, I think, is the password. Send all the installments. So essentially, there are some MPM modules you could just reuse and install in your packages that would do that stuff for you. So you just MPM install that module, and it should be able to do it. Not really. So the thing is, if you are working on a particular environment, well, typically, if you want your script to be run on every of your team members' environments, it's recommended that you make sure the prerequisites of the environment are met. So you don't really, I haven't seen particular, if else, things that run on dependent environments. Like something that you can use like client-side hooks for all repositories? No, unfortunately, there's nothing like that. But typically, you need to install the hooks in every individual machine. Is there built-in support for running multiple hooks, or do you have to kind of write a wrapper or a script around it? Like if you want to run two different checks on a commit, you just have to, it gets only going to execute one executable? So it's essentially, for example, if I want to run two scripts in the pre-commit hook, it's essentially just a script. So you could just write different files if you want to separate it out, or write different modules, and so on. Can you show an example of how KSC works? Oh, well, let me, I don't have, actually, I have my company, but I doubt I can show it at this point. Seriously, seriously. Do you want to just create a new history at JSNS dependency when installed and created for the file? Sure. That's all. Anything else?


What up? Happy Thursday to you Milwaukee Brewers Nation. Unfortunately, things don't always go the way you want them to go in baseball. We got swept by the Reds first game. I was like 10 to one or something like that. And then the games two and three were both like two to one. So unfortunately we just couldn't get the W's and things happened. But hey, time to bounce back. We got the Colorado Rockies tonight at 740. It's game time. So looking forward to that. Let's get the W Brew Crew. We can take the Rockies. I was hoping for sweep of the Pirates, sweep of the Reds and sweep of the Rockies, but it's all good. Let's just sweep the Rockies now. Let's take them out and let's do our thing. All right. Happy Thursday. Enjoy the game, everyone. Keep it positive and go Brewers go. Happy Thursday guys. Have a great day. Bye bye.


Welkom to the advocate, where topical issues are discussed in a no-host bad manner. In other words, we call a spade by its name. My advocacy today is on the clamors of separationists from different facets of the country and the arrest of its leaders. Peter is back after a while and is talking on issues of food security in the country. Kulila Wal wants to explain to us what he means by a democratic kul. Sit back, the panelist are here to present your Sunday dose of provoking thoughts with no-host bad after this break. Sunday boho, un ham di kano and the separatist movement. so, tif Sunday boho has been arrested. This makes it the second separatist leader to be arrested by this government and this is bad. It is human rights violation. It discredits and Matalunia Sepreti's movement before abi, read about Kale's Pojimons, read about Charles Komi Koodoji and the Western Togoland battle in neighboring Ghana. Many elites and poorly informed middle class talk about Pakistan and India. We refer to the unbundling of USSR to justify our demand for Yuruban nation of Biafra. Have we ever taken time out to read about the journey of this secessionist movement? Do we know the struggle they went through? Is this what we want for Nigerians who are already stressed? Killings, harassment, oppression, violation of human rights, etc. Secession movement is not easy. It never comes easy. Are we ready for this? If you are a secessionist leader and you have the perceived support of your people, be careful because no one really has your back. Like Nambi Kano and Soende Ibuhu, you will be left to hang. Secession is not easy and a Nigeria's case is secession what we need. Well, we will discuss that on another day. But for now, let me ask you these questions. Have you heard of Hawaii and Sovereignty Advisory Commission? What about Larry Sissid Kilgo? The first, of course, is a commission established to achieve the secession plan of Hawaii. Larry Kilgo, formerly famously called Larry Sissid Kilgo, is one of the most popular faces currently fighting for the liberation of Texas from USA. Yes, Texas wants to secede from the USA. Texas is an oil producing state, a rich oil state unlike Nigeria Delta region, yet they want out of America. My point is this. It is not until you are oppressed that you have a right to demand for secession. You have a right to demand for secession wherever, but there are processes and procedures. The government should not oppress the people and the people should not be seen as challenging the stability of the nation. The first thing is to have the buying of the entire region that you want to pull out of a union, a nation, in our case Nigeria. You need the buying of power brokers of your region. Secession is an intellectual process, not a violent one. Violence makes it gory. Many needless lives are lost. I'm not justifying these brutal acts, but I'm saying it is a universal script that will play out in any country in the world if approach the same way we are. For Nigeria to change, we need to understand the process and address each bit of it tactically, not emotionally. Emotions do not win cases. It empowers the politicians that we all have acts to grind with. It fractionalizes and weakens the masses. God bless Nigeria. Wow, you know, Karade says something about processes and procedures. Intellectual processes, ideological procedures. And I think that's what is missing. We, I mean, the secessionist, like you said, they approach this without any laid down processes. There are no procedures. And just before we got on this program, Kunlewa was asking something about, so you want to succeed. What was the developmental plan for the new nation you want? The moment he said that, I just said to myself, I think both the secessionist and their supporters are really not ready. Most of the time, it's greed. It's a personal vested interest trying to play out. But we define them, use this secession as a cover for it. I don't know about Hawaii and the other ones you quoted. But honestly, this really calls for soba reflection. Well, I'm of the point of view that whenever this secessionist talk about dividing Nigeria, they divide Nigeria on a parameter that is permissible to them. We are not permissible to the minority units also functioning within them. So I have the belief that if we divide Nigeria across the three major borders which we are thinking of, we still will have minority groups in the east, in the west and in the north that will not agree with those compositions or units they are planning to have. A one quick thing I always ask, I noticed something common. Why is it whenever westerners are referring to northerners, they say Fulani. Fulani don't even make up to 40% of the entire population of the north. So I don't even understand what exactly, when they talk about Fulani and power. I like the question mark it put at the end. And that's so we think. So really that's so we think. For me, when I was putting this piece together, I had to, it was a very lengthy one. I needed to remove so many things just to summarize it. Because at the end of the day, you realize that yes, I don't have any problem with anybody wanting out. And that's why I gave examples of countries. People want out in different countries, in America, Texas, they have all the oil, they have everything. They are rich, they are very, I mean, they have everything yet they want out. But you see there are processes. Anywhere you rise up against a government, the government, you've given the government a reason to oppress you. And that is what, and no amount of emotion can stop that. If you call the UN, call anybody. Listen, when the guys, when they organize a referendum in Catalonia, because they wanted out, these were lawmakers. Spain, other came from Spain. They chased after them. I think Kales or a few of them ran away to Belgium or Netherlands. And international warrants of arrest was issued and they went and brought them back. They were in prison, but they've been given a pardon. I think sometime in June, after two or three years. So you see, it is a script that exists. And that's why as youth, as Nigerians, we need to understand these things. If really we want a change. And for me, the question I ask you, which I really couldn't address was, is this the session we need? I would agree, and I will tell my friends that, okay, whether you're Robas or Igboz or anybody that wants to succeed, you have a right to. But I will support you to succeed. If you can prove to me that in your entire region, you are more developed than Nigeria, they will all agree that Nigeria is holding you back. Which region in Nigeria is developed? That's the first question. Is it the north? Where we say they've been holding power for so long, the people are suffering. If you see, I see some of these kidnap cases, you see model schools, and I wonder, this is the model school. And what is this? Is this the north where we say all the power and all the money is going to? In the south, we say we educated, but we say I developed here, like we could be better than this. In the east, we see a lot of Igboz guys that are making money, they are successful, but apart from the beautiful Lush houses, how our roads was the health sector like. So, it's not cessation we need, we need to first of all get our people, our leaders, regional leaders to think and act on a behalf. Then it will be okay. And I think there's a part we seem to mostly forget. Every country has a right to defend the sovereignty and its constitution. That is first and foremost, any threat. So when you're going to start a cessation, if you are not playing on the games or within the parameters of the national assembly, you are not going to have any normal peaceful response. Exactly.  That's what it simply means. So that's the processes and procedures. Processes are the procedures. Do it the wrong way. I mean you'll be you'll be hacked down. Don't empower. Now that I was talking about people that are already oppressed. You don't empower who the authorities. The oppressors. The oppressors, you cannot, you can't win this battle anyway. I think you're right.  Very, very key phrase there. Kule brought up something that I actually have been, I've always believed. So when you say you want to separate the East, you know you talked about the three regional lines. They are no longer three. You know, I don't understand. You know in those days, we used to say middle belt. We don't call it Delta Man in middle belt again. South has become a very strong force. Yes. You don't come to South South. That's true. That's true. To the East or exactly. So I think the border lines have become polarised right now. So when you talk about East, East is not what it used to be 20 years ago. True. I don't know about the North. I don't know about, but I know the East. You can call it. The middle, if there's no middle belt again, they've become a big truth. Bones themselves. Bones so mighty. They've become power brokers. They have become power brokers. So you can call them middle belts. They are not the minority again. Well, we keep talking and we pray that, of course, we ask for what's it called, the rights of those that have been arrested should not be trampled on. Absolutely. Fair justice for them and that is very key. Peter is next. He's giving us a lecture on food crisis in Nigeria. Insecurity and food crisis in Nigeria. Aribu land, which is defined as a percentage of land area in Nigeria as of 2016 is reported as at 37.33%. One of the cardinal campaign objectives of the Buhari-led government is tackling insecurity. However, despite claims by federal authorities of increased security measures and atmosphere of insecurity still lingers, rising cases of banditry, kidnapping, headsman clashes, open grazing becoming a hot debatable issue abound with huge amount of ransom being paid. This is excluding PTSD, which is the traumatic stress disorder that has been suffered by victims according to opposition. There's a huge value chain of opportunities explored by beneficiaries of the rots in the system. According to a premium times report, a total of 4.62 trillion naira has been allocated to the federal security sector in the past five years, despite claims by the Nigeria security forces that they are being underfunded. The recent NSAS protests against police brutality in the country led to the discovery and the mass looting of warehouses filled with food items meant to ameliorate food insecurity in the nation. The looting revealing Nigeria's perversive poverty and food insecurity. Food insecurity in Nigeria is continuously being aggravated by my rate of factors including insecurity and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic. About 9 out of 10 Nigerians cannot afford a healthy diet. Nigeria has the second highest burden of stunted children across the globe and millions of children suffer from acute malnutrition. About 3.7 million Nigerians or people across system states are food insecure. Other factors driving food crisis include civil conflict, large-scale displacement, rising food prices, climate change population growth, natural resources, degradation, etc. Propelled by this certification in security and the loss of grazing land to expand settlement. The south word migration of Nigerians herdsmen is causing a lot of violent competition overland with local farmers in some communities. Communities have had to pay bandits before they could harvest farm produce. Rising conflict between herdsmen and farmers in the country is already six times deadlier in 2018 than Bukoharam's insorgency. Food supply to some parts of the south was cut off due to agitation from aggrieved fulani herdsmen. Tens of thousands have been firstfully displaced. Crops and livestock's worth billions of Naira destroyed at great cost to local and their state economies. To stop the bloodshed, the federal government should bolster security for farmers and herdsmen. They should end impunity for assailants, implement conflict resolution mechanisms and the Hastin livestock sector reforms. It should also elaborate the new national livestock transformation plan and the commence implementation of same. State should also become creative in diversification of IGR. It is worth mentioning that embracing innovation is also becoming imperative. Traditional methods like bush following rotational farming grafting and agro forestry is being replaced by vertical farming the drones and the bees the polly house, polly tunnel farming artificial intelligence, internet of things and automation as well as robotics among others. With fluctuation in global oil prices Nigeria can diversify its earnings by making agriculture attractive through ensuring safety of farmers. If the United States can rank top by volume of exports which is 72 billion dollars then Nigeria can replicate same. You know you know whenever we talk about this matters on food and insecurity it always comes down to the top point Nigeria as a country does not even know how many Nigerians it hopes to feed. No computer data no computer data of the entire people in the country. We are too, we are over 200 million people. We are not sure of how many and how many we are. We are not sure. And then secondly we have ignored something the desertification of the upper part of Nigeria that is Zampara Katsuna Boruno it is causing an issue upon the desertification naturally man moves towards water. So taking away the desertification let me add another bigger problem our borders are insecure. So I were in a quagmire of issues if we do not get right as a country which other simple countries have gotten right we just might be able to never solve our insecurity and food insecurity we will never solve our insecurity and food insecurity I think. And you see what you are saying now someone yesterday who made his statement and the person said listen we are complaining about the rising cost of tomatoes in the market they said it went to it was a lady with a husband they went to the mall and one of the supermarkets and they realized that about he said oh like I assume it's not all majority of the tomato paste that they saw there were all from Nigeria now the question is this with the advent of these companies being set up to produce tomato paste have we deliberately increased the amounts of tomatoes that are produced in the north? Because now these people be taking a chunk of the same tomatoes as opposed to circulate around Nigeria to produce tomato paste sell the same tomato paste to us whereas we are left with a smaller quantity than we normally would and we know the theory of economics buying and selling and demand and supply thank you so of course that will increase I think we are not strategic enough in the way we address food as a security in Nigeria someone made a statement they called me a statement about South Africa I said every year the people wait on government to hear government's policies before the strike especially after an election because they know that is the next big thing that's the next way to make money yes government came in and said they want to do a greek and not just this government even before that we know what Mr. Adeshino did how many of us have plugged into a greek now we are complaining about the basins that they want to go discover oil in the north asif bla bla bla and I say fine number one that's the story for another day the money will not be given to the state government it will be given to NNPC or whoever to explore and it will be shared in normal way of old whatever that is now the truth is the people in the north often look for a way to resolve their problems we know I mean I'm shocked that we had we've had this headsman crisis in so many years and the question is how many state governors in the south have decided that you know what let's start producing an amount of rice let's start producing an amount of yam let's start feeding ourselves in the south so that if this thing worsens not just that we're self-sufficient but we can even sell food to the north to help them are because they cannot create food we are putting everything back on the federal government which they should take the blame no big deal but what are we doing as a people to make sure that we have food to eat I think everything has been politicized to a very large extent because you just raised a very valid point we've been there's been headsman crisis for a very long time it's just became I don't even know what now made it brought it to the front burner but it's always been there we've always had cases of people being attacked in their farms we've had cases of cows moving into farms and eating things but you see because everything is about the politics everything the advent the oil boom completely destroyed our capacity to think yeah it shut us down we hibernated we hibernated if at all we did not shut down we hibernated so we have a minister for agriculture and without putting blims pointing fingers but the question is which goes back to that same question what's your developmental plan Femi-additional opened our eyes to a lot of things a lot of things kasala bread as a matter of facts which when you listen to Femi-additional you will understand no akumumi addition akumumi addition sorry akumumi addition Femi-additional is the president worries I'm sorry you know where you were talking this is my is a great you've been family listening to me yeah are you referring to so am I I'm not talking about you sir so akumumi addition opened our eyes to huge opportunity in the agro sector and you will be shocked how many billions of naira has been voted for this that information is not public because guess what karede if the information is made public it's made available if the process of the dissemination of that money is not through government if it was through independent institutions that also exist I am sure my village in Ohozara produces rice I recall I recall very well at the time when I was there they would go to rice farm they will produce rice when you hear about rice I we am from Eboni States and my village produces rice but the process of that production is still is too acute to feed the the clan to meet their demands to meet their demand why can't we move in automation there why can they move a factory there but it can be done because there is someone who represents us who will rather keep that conversation at the state house of assembly of federal house you know there was a one time minister of agriculture and I remember he really celebrated that we started exporting koko no it's koko ok impressive that we are exporting koko but I would give you the numbers we've always been doing no I'll give you the numbers that's of 20s this was 2016 as of 2016 we were making as much as $3 billion from our exports in koko but now normal Nigerian was saying impressive but we need to pay attention to something our imports of koko derivatives which are koko chocolates all the things are there was at $9.6 billion meaning Nigeria is running at the deficit of $6.3 billion $6.3 billion when you have the raw material what is your plan for processing and now this processing efficiency is what Nigeria can feed itself I don't have a doubt about that I've traveled all across Nigeria I've been to every state Nigeria can feed itself Nigeria's problem is storage and processing processing and storage those are two major problems and there's one other thing transportation a lot of these things they just they are there for so long bringing them down here because by the time you look at the the cost the variance in the pricing from the village or wherever it is coming down to the city and even within the city from the amount of something is sold in Ikorodu is different from the amount is sold in probably or relay or somewhere in Badagri why is the same legacy but the amount is not just little hundred or two hundred at times as much as five hundred six hundred and I always tell them there are there are no headsmen between Ikorodu and Badagri so you cannot blame headsmen for that no Kaya, they are headsmen they are headsmen in uniforms no no no you know in uniforms mh collecting something that's what I'm saying as I understand uniform Benustit njja name is Mini mimi will tell you that mimi will travel to her village and she will send pictures and she will say this big yum here same is less than 1000 Naira and when you see the big yam and she will tell you that yum is probably 400 Naira in her village she will bring a basket of tomatoes And tell you this is 1,200 nera That same basket goes for 6,000 when it arrives Ya, I was in Jaws before I came here No, I don't live in Jaws and was bragging about that So, I was in Jaws and the basket of tomatoes there is 800 It's even less than this thing But what happens? And I sent to my sister in law and my wife was apparently in Jaws at the time I sent to them and transporting it and if you divide it Why is tomato that expensive in Lagos? If I decided to start transporting tomatoes up and down I'll make a lot of money But I'll tell you what Nigeria ignored the most Which is pain of our problems with insecurity right now You see the troubles in Sub-Saharan Africa You asked the question, you said how did it move to the front burner The troubles in Sub-Saharan Africa So when Libya was breaking down, Sudan was causing havoc More guns were coming into the system in Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria, as usual, didn't care We spent money on oil National assembly was buying new cars We refused to secure our borders What happened is those guns and those borders trickled down Remember that our politicians Hired some of these people for their little vendettas Let me not only put my hands on the politicians alone Our small community refraff fights And I'm not going to mention who was also We hired a few of these gun criminals From outside to fight our wars And everybody is wondering all of a sudden How the hell they get here Everybody is not your business, really? And you see, what you are saying is so after that No, listen, we spend, we don't understand And we don't take our time to really study about security If we did, we realized Nigeria hasn't done anything Now, Egypt doesn't have insurrection South Africa doesn't have insurrection Nigeria doesn't have insurrection But in terms of GDP They spend more on securing their military Than Nigeria, who is suffering And all around does We spend less than I think 0.5% or 0.6% I think Egypt spends, South Africa spends around 0.9% Egypt 1.2 or 1.6% Nigeria is towards whatever of their budget And their budget, let's face the facts Most likely will be bigger than Nigeria's budget So in terms of the actual amount They spend way more on their military Every single year than we Nigerians Who are confronted with insurrection Across both from the northern part To the southern part And that is military, not stock of the interior security I mean, police and blah, blah, blah We spend a lot, yes And I think one of the challenges people are having Is interaction, explanation of where this money is going And how it's been done But the cost of funding the military Is no joke There was this report that came out some years ago That said a fully kit American soldier I mean, what, maybe in Afghanistan or so I'm not sure, I need to confirm that Maybe it's worth around $40,000 or $30,000 Fully kit, standing full soldier ready for battle And that amount So you're not sure we'll come back that same way Maybe we'll depreciate to around $20,000 Or $10,000 or $5,000 and when it's going to So funding the military is heavy And when we say And when I look at Nigeria in security I laugh because they say All most of our expenses are going to the military The civil defense service We're supposed to be the frontline First line of call in the area and all that We're not spending enough on that Even look at their uniform, it's tatted The police, we're not spending on them And they're supposed to be the human Have the human face, we'll be able to interact with you So these people are hungry We're not spending yet on security Kyodin, I tried to bring out one point Spending on our military is like securing Let me bring it down to base It's like securing an entire state Spending on your police is like putting burglar proof On your house That's to tell you the efficiency we have in Nigeria Now imagine we have approximately Give or take as we call ourselves 200 million, our usual number How many people do we have in our police force? Less than 500,000 Of those less than 500,000 250,000 are guarding vital assets Be banks, CBN, ETC Then politicians Then you have 250,000 Policing 200 million people UN is one policeman to 10 In a best situation One to 10 Nigeria has one to 10,000 One policeman to 10,000 How are you going to secure 10,000 people As one policeman If we like, let's spend $500 billion As long as that is the amount of people we have It's not going to be possible to police We always mention state policing I always come up and I say Why do you talk about state police? You build from the ground up Not from the top down So if you are going to be looking at anything Ethnic policing If you grow up in a locality Let me give an example Let's say you grow up in Etiusa From when you were a child If you joined the police at age 20 There's nothing that is going on in Etiusa That you will not know You know the bad boys If they still TV, you know You can count on the probability But you can now employ somebody from To come to Lekia And expect him to handle It doesn't work that way So instead of us clamoring And I blame the middle class for this For the so-called fictitious state police With state governors Ordinary small state elections Board that are giving them No rival party can win elections The state police want to give them The empress of states So in my position We should go actually We clamoring for local government police In the hands of local government chairmen That we can hold responsible Let's also remember that Local governments are not immune That's the local government chairmen They don't have immunity Really? If they cross you Ah, you didn't know Ah, let me tell you too So you're Etiusa chairman You're Surulere You know anytime you just feel They've stolen your money Carry them to court They don't have immunity Oh, that's good news Thank you, Kule You should not start to see me I mean, even talking about security And delving back into the food and beds Now, one of the reasons In my view That we're not really transforming In food is because the youth are not fully active The banking sector Where it is today is done by the youth Movies and entertainment is done by you Any active sector in Nigeria today Is the youth I think it's time For the youth to get involved In food and security Amazing Up next is Kule Lawar Stay with us A democratic kuh As mostly feared From our military history When the kuh is mentioned Is usually related with Treason And overthrow of government Scary things happening to our economics Well fortunately In democracy It provides As allowed within the constitution Of the federal republic of Nigeria To unseat some elected offices Without waiting till when their terms are over These are perfectly constitutional Legal And endorsed to be tried in your constituency As provided by the constitution The basis of a democracy As the concept began Was on representative governance And has its foundation in the legislature Which of course comprises of The state house of assembly Which is in your state The federal house of representatives The green chambers The senate The red chambers And they are charged With responsibility of oversight On the executive As one of their first functions The second function will be Resent and law creation At this structure I would like you to note That constituency projects Are not within their job description And can be considered as nothing else But an anomaly without constitutional backing Legislator are also tasked With the power to impeach an executive That is a governor Or a president But what goes on When you feel underrepresented And what is key to your representation Is lost in political translation Members of the legislature Legislator can be recalled And hears how to go about it Step one Identify the constituency Which you are unhappy with And representative you are unhappy with Within the legislative government And find out how many total votes Were cast in the election And have brought the representative to power Two Get 50% plus one signature At least And PVC numbers And please note INEC only accepts this in manual form Three Send the petition to INEC Which will be verified And a referendum As regards the representative's position Will be placed in that constituency In the next 90 days Four If the representative loses the referendum The seat will now be lost And INEC will declare the seat vacant And conduct a fresh election in 90 days It looks like this can't be done Which is most of the time what we say When the middle class don't want to make a move To repair the country I will tell you the truth I want to know the opportunity cost of that I'll tell you the opportunity cost The present electoral act We spent so many talks over And it has hurt us to see That it seems our own independent electoral commission Is now going to be a puppet In the hands of many different other Positions within governors There is poor oversight of the executive And we watch our state governors Push up high budgets The presidency ignores a heightened insecurity And most of all Knows that repeal basic freedoms Like speech and movement Of people in the federal republic of Nigeria You can do more than a hashtag Against a representative you dislike You can stand your ground Or fall and watch the country bow to anything No body collapse Thank you for the democracy Honestly, that's very apt And quite honestly I think there's so much we don't know in this country I even sitting here I'm wondering Is this simple But it's made to So when you say constituency project Is not part of So that's the major thing these guys go there to say No I'm telling you When we find people there We are waiting for the constituency project to be executed So it's a case of Who's constituency project is better done or bigger So if it is outside of their purview Who should be charged with the constituency project please I think Before you come in as the What's it called The oracle in this part Now In my view I think we are Nigeria's countries in Fx In the sense that There is what the constitution says And there are laws that have been passed By the national assembly Which does not amount to An amendment of the constitution In over the years Some things have been added in the constitution But there are some things that take place in the national assembly That are not necessarily part of a new constitution Or an amendment to the constitution That are just probably I don't know if to call them bylaws Or stuff that just happen within them I think that's where this falls And then the question is Will it be illegal for them to take it on Or will it not be And that I think is always a challenge in Nigeria We are always too scared to approach the courts There are some things I like what PDP is doing now Taking materiality to court I love it We need a solution to that Yes, we know that There's a law that says If a party is going through It's fractionalized You can borrow it and all that But let's try the court We don't We need to try the court We need to go to court Over cases like Where was I The other day that I heard about Health, birth and death Now being a federal issue Some of this You need to just go to court Okay, the constitution says Primary health Is responsibility of local government And the state I believe And now we are having primary health In the federal and all that Let's try this Do they have a right to do that You are not fighting And such things You realize that Government will not go against you Because you are not fighting Anything that touches them To the court You are only looking at the processes And the systems And these things are the things We don't do That allow everybody To do whatever we want In court But going to the court Is not a cheap way PDP dragged the government To court It's an institution It's a body But brother It's too scary Going to the court And I want us to Look at it from the generic point That word you said Is a problem scary It's not as scary Okay, for example in Nigeria If you have cases There are people that do pro bono Okay In Nigeria Lawyers Lawyers There is even the national There is a legal aid I don't know if it's called legal aid Is it a government Is it a government Why would I go to government No I'm talking about Normal Exactly I'm talking about normal issues Now If you're able to rally around Like what's it called All these things we sign online That I say we're signing petitions And stuff You can rally up people like Sarah And other institutions Let's push this and try And you will get the support You said something about In Kunle's speech Kunle said something about When you want to Recall a rep And he said So you get Petitions signed But he said Inaq will not want that Electronically not physical That's fraud That is where the scam comes in So why is Inaq Because the moment Inaq says It has to be physical Then it cuts off a demograph Let me explain something If that is going to stop you Do you know what the backlash Of not doing that is Is what you have now in the national assembly You asked me a question Constituency project For once anyway It's been a long time So I can talk about it Constituency project came into Nigeria When I was looking for third term It's a direct infringement On the operations of the Local government and its functions Directly There is no legislature In the world That does projects US UK Zimbabwe Gungo Ghana Egypt They don't do projects Your work in the national assembly Is oversight First, oversight on the executive Second Amendment of laws Between 1999 and 2021 The US Senate And its legislative Have Amended approximately Over 4200 Laws Do you know where your country is On that I don't need to tell you An electoral act of 1999 Okay, after a little touch up And brush up in 2014 To amend for card readers We are just facing it Are they really doing what they are supposed to do Let me tell you Nigerian lawmakers End over $400,000 per annum That is higher That is more than 20 times higher Than those in the US 20 times? Yes The US Senate turns about approximately $40,000 a year We end about $400,000 And still infringing With that word constituency projects The first handshake of democracy To the people Is the local government If you take the functions of that How can you deliver democracy To the people That is direct infringement Of an arm Remember state governments are of the Wedding That they are on top of the local government No Local government And it's a separate tier of government Like your state Local They are not under the state government But state government Had even grown wings enough To begin To fire elected Duly elected chairman Or your case in the example So that's the dismissal Of the chairman Of the local government Is it constitution State governments do not have the power So how did that happen And nobody challenged it So that's what I'm saying And that's what I'm saying The supreme court has reinstated them In all your states The supreme court has The governor does not have jurisdiction No, you see And why did the supreme court Restate them? Somebody challenged it Challenge it, yes You see Why you don't challenge Why you don't try It was not within the administration That fired them No, but that's the thing If they had been challenged During the administration Of the president That fired them They would have been reinstated And that's what we say There's so much laxity In our system Let it be Because we do something That is Don't make them constitutionally Yeah So like state governors State governors Taking, preferring Into local government funds It's not supposed to happen Money is supposed to flow From federal government Directly to local government But state governors Do it and realize it Okay But it's not supposed to happen The money is not supposed To pass through any fictitious Ministry of Intergovernmental Affairs In quotes And you know And you know why that will continue They will continue The same reason We cannot get the 50% plus one Because you see You can only get 50% plus one Where you have voted Where you are absent from the vote No, no No, no I'm coming Where you are absent from the vote You get where I am When I finish this point Your position is not absent It is you the voter that is absent Somebody will vote for you And that's what you call Reagan So at the end of the day Maybe in a constituency Where you have about 400,000 people You see about 250,000 people that voted In actual sense The people that came out to vote Were like 50,000 or 30,000 So when you want to call somebody back Once the 50,000 go and sign Where are you going to get The other people that came to vote So how can you call them But I'm going to point out something You know, now this democratic Why it's really interesting Nigeria to even attempt We know most of us are looking at it At the federal level Let's come home maybe to be State House of Assembly Thank you Now, Nigeria as you know That we do not State House of Assembly elections Are get as poor as 13% Of total voter percentage So I'm going to use I don't want to pinpoint anybody But there's one I was aware of Somewhere around Mushi I didn't call anybody's name And she got into power Anybody can assume who I'm talking about She got into power with approximately The total votes were about 37,000 Meaning if you want to take her out of office You need just a little of a give or take About 14,000 No, not 14,000 About 19,000 19,500 Let's say anything above that So 19,500 signatures And you've removed the state house of If you remove one Everybody will fall in line But you know what's even more And what's even closer home Is that I like what you said The local government, the states The federal and I mean The national assembly But what about councilors You know, councilors also play the role Of quote on quote They are an assembly In the local government They are the legislature of the local government Exactly, they are So they play that But we ignore them So why are they very Because you haven't voted for them No, you know the problem One I can tell you, averagely Across the 36 states of Nigeria And because of my work With the Electoral College Councilors not even know their job description And they get so bad They don't know their job description They don't know what they are supposed to be doing They don't have an idea Of what they are supposed to be doing Which is a massive problem Then second Local government chairman Do not even know What councilors are supposed to do I can tell you that As far as it goes up Even some SA politics To a governor Do not understand that the legislature And the council are legislature And the chairman are executive Yeah, exactly They don't Are you kidding me I wouldn't be surprised How many governments know How many So the thing is Why is this information Who is Like budget does They take that big And break it down Who is breaking down Electoral laws And interpretation To the masses That's what we don't have Well, I'll say The Electoral College Electoral College Don't know that Honestly, you know that It was I feel very embarrassed Saying this on the television But it was A flyer I saw of you Doing a program That I even knew That Electoral College Actually exists We're not a government body We're not a government body No, I'm only saying that The information So if there is an Electoral College That is doing all of that It's not yet very popular People need to know it It's not widespread It's not widespread People need to know it I know budgets I know where to go to Once Fedagamere is budget Typically, it's not It's very vague Budget it has become The go-to place Maybe Electoral College Needs to position We just started We had less than three years We were about three years old So we timed We will get the budget I knew when budget started And of course Do them seven, six years To get down the line I think the Electoral College Is very much welcome And please Because this information Needs to be public I must tell you That when Nigerians Have full information About something They will act better But you know what Why are we waiting For Electoral College And this is where I challenge you That lesson The same way We look for any information About JZ Let's use the internet And just search It's like when people talk of Police We need state police I believe we need state police I believe we need community police I believe we need to break down police However Do you even know That the way the police is We are not using it We are not implementing it fully Do you know that As much as yes We say the police reports To the IG And everything If you are in the states It is difficult Quote on quote For it to be controlled And it's been proven Even in this dispensation When this guy came to rivers And approached the weekend What's his name? Amichi When there are convoyments The one coming from federal Had to calm down For the one in the states There are so many things online That you can't search We don't look for it We can talk on and on And look back You know the show has been Okay So as usual On the advocates Is always an interesting composition That's all we have time for today On the advocate Join us again next week The advocacy continues On our social media platforms On Facebook Plus TV Africa Hashtag The advocate ng And Instagram At plus TV Africa Hashtag The advocate ng To catch up with previous broadcasts Go to plustvafrica.com Forward slash The advocate ng Don't forget to subscribe On our YouTube channel Plus TV Africa Join us next week Same time on this station And let's keep advocating For a better society Ciao


Everybody forced here ripping 21-22. It's like basketball. Hobby hybrid 10 box number two tiered random teams Check out the results right there. Thanks for joining everybody and good luck Sam's not doing nothing Paul. We'll have to see what happens.    I'll be really be Wade Boggs Jalen Green That would be awesome Paul. Yeah, get some like wrestling robes. Yeah, there's some Some boxing that's a nice one there red concourse rookie disco Jalen Suggs magic probably had the best game of his career last night 1349 he had 26 and nine Against the Warriors and he was huge down the stretch for them He had a block on curry and he had some big shots made some big assists Rookie concourse silver wizards Isaiah Todd. That's right beat the dubs, baby flight work though. I mean, that's easy for the magic They need a better team. They'll probably have to face the team LeBron all-stars Paul my entrance music gonna be corn Oh What is it? Freak on a leash. No, no blind Disco court side Anthony Davis Lakers Dude, does David Buster's even know what's gonna happen there tomorrow.  You got Cade Cunningham. Who ordered the 50 shots? Yeah, I have 50 shots of tequila for this table for the ultimate warrior Concourse disco bulls Alex crew so Have to get content Concourse disco sons Chris Paul and silver for me level pressure to chew a Raptors Family of salad sir. This is a David Buster. I need you to calm down Step back. This is not WrestleMania Davion Mitchell rookie courtside Kings a Cade Cunningham courtside rookie red 13 of 49 Big card pistons John K Caterade right there. There he is 13 of 49 beautiful color match As a mag concourse over Zach Levine bulls Permit level disco Bayesley for the thunder tops Box three So again, everybody's just football left tonight It's just football origins cases down to five and then those mixers are down to three in ten We are getting Closer and closer to selling out for the night Jalen Zuggs concourse Nice a wise been red disco courtside 2449 warriors Key on Johnson Isaiah Jackson concourse disco Desmond Bayne Grizzlies blue Hawks premiere level Kevin Herter 2425 Concourse disco Mowgli calves rookie silver rookie concourse Jalen Green Rockets Premier level disco John Collins Hawks and a Suggs premier level magic We need to settle like an LSE like field day or something awesome. I would be sick Or like Whipple ball or something like that kickball I'd be a ton of fun beach volleyball Concourse disco rookie nets day run sharp as a livers I'd be cool Concourse disco bulls Zach Levine Will Barton courtside blue disco 1925 Nuggets. Oh, yeah, I'm sure we could do something like that Banton Jalen Green concourse rookie Concourse disco Montrez Harold wizards silver concourse rookie Franz Wagner magic. Nice. Oh, yeah field day with ice pops for sure We'd for sure have to get like we got ice box in the freezer We have to get like coolers and coolers Ellen Kade Cunningham Premier level disco Malik bees league T wolves Jalen Suggs premier level had vodka to them They have the alcoholic ones now All right, they're very like I don't know they have that weird like All right, they're super super sugary Think truly make sure I'm sure they're not the only ones listen. Have you tried the Budweiser Seltzer cola No, it's a good. Oh Conqueror's disco sixers to buy his hairs Scotty Barnes premier level rookie. It tastes so much like cola that you could add Jack to it All right cool. I'm gonna pregame with those tomorrow. Let's do it Precame a meeting Concourse rookie disco thunder Josh giddy and a gold Jalen Johnson hawks premier level rookie gold seven out of ten Yeah Atlanta nice card birds Josh giddy concourse disco LeBron Lakers and silver concourse Bradley Beale wizards Premier level disco Grizzlies John Moran. I don't know. There's gonna be a good time during one-on-one That's gonna be the good stuff concourse red Kawhi Leonard Clippers 26 at 49 Yep, yep, it wouldn't shock him Jalen Suggs concourse disco rookie Herbert Jones Pelicans And an OG on a nobie Raptors blue court side for 25 Andrew, what's up, man? Concourse disco rookie next Jericho Sims concourse silver rookie Cavaliers Evan Mobley Premier level disco rookie Thunder Jeremiah Robinson Earl. I mean we got Blake and Hallie. We should start like a co-ed softball team Did I get my daughter my daughter's nasty? Oh dang dude. We do so well and we don't have to do anything exactly I'm out there making fueling airs every single time and these girls are freaking all over the field Yeah, they're just there. They're killing it. Yeah concourse disco Pelicans Brandon Ingram I think all four struck out again in slow-pitched softball Good thing Hallie and Blake are there. Yeah, concourse disco Miles Bridges Hornets Green this Terrence Ross magic green court side one of five Here you go magic pull the gold court side of his last night in slight hobby. What do you mean? I'm going a normal speed Not going fast. There's a red court side. Look at Donjich Mavericks number 9 out of 49 Silver court side rookie Nets Cameron Thomas Each card gets the appropriate amount of time on screen Kate Cunningham actually going slower than a hobby box premier level disco D'Angelo Russell Timberwolves Jalen Green concourse disco concourse rookie Sancia Aldama Grizzlies. I do just keep going. I'm always breaking. That's my secret. I'm always breaking Kate Cunningham again Concourse disco TJ Warren Pacers and silver premier level Suns Deandre Aden Depot No, hobby hybrid wouldn't be sold at Target You would find like what megas and blasters like hangers and things like that mega is probably the largest The most expensive or like a nicest. I guess you could I don't I don't want to nicest But yeah, that's the top of the tier retail be like a mega if they have select mega's. I don't know They have prison mega like I'm sure they probably do now if they didn't have in the past they haven't now Jalen Green court side concourse rookie disco rockets Josh Christopher and Silver concourse to Eric Rosenix. These are hobby hybrids. So Like the next step down from hobby premier level disco Yusuf Narcich Blazers Garuba, sorry guys. We're gonna have something for later on Premier level red Zion Williamson Pelicans 5 out of 49 Jared Butler Oh, I think we have a rookie Jersey Otto here Noticeably thicker than the other packs. Yeah, let's see It's a Pelicans Herbert Jones rookie Jersey Otto disco non-numbered nice hip Pelicans Concourse rookie disco Moses moody for the Warriors and a premier level silver Devontae Graham Pelicans I don't think so Brett hopefully Josh Giddy Concourse disco Patrick Williams bulls silver concourse Christian Wood Rockets Yep, this is H2 Trey Murphy the third Moody premier level disco Van Vleet Raptors. All right, and the last one I don't think they force a game seven. I would hope so though from Burr Valdez is going again So Philly's got to get some runs off of them. It's another bullpen gets a day arrest Got a red court side will Barton nugget seven out of 49 It looks like Philly use all their like energy in my game three Concourse disco Kelly Ubray jr. Hornets blue court side rookie disco sixers Jaden Springer 18 of 25 We can't stop boots Pacers concourse disco de Montess a bonus any silver concourse Brandon Ingram Pelicans Jalen sucks concourse magic Premier level disco Hawks Kevin Herter And that is gonna do it Thanks again everybody Got more basketball coming up next