Greetings dear aspirants, welcome to today's current affairs session of civil spedia. Today we will be discussing about national culture fund and about national anti-profit hearing authority under our prelims topic and about the citizenship amendment bill and the 124th constitutional amendment bill under our main topic. So let's move on to our first prelims topic of the day, national culture fund. So we have a setup called ministry of culture under the government of India which takes care towards the promotion and the conservation of art and culture. But this particular national cultural fund is a very unique fund. So we will be seeing about this fund in the later slides. So when you are studying about this fund try to know something about the fund and about the council which manages this fund and the objectives of national cultural fund. So this wasn't recent news in our public information bureau that about 68.86 crores of funds have been collected under the national culture fund. So something about the national culture fund. So it was established as a funding mechanism, a unique funding mechanism from the existing sources and the pattern of funding for the arts and culture in India. So it will enable the institutions and individuals to support the arts and culture directly as partners with government. The government supporting the arts and culture is one thing. But the private support and the corporate supporting the government towards promoting and preserving the art and culture is another thing. So the private institutions will help the government towards preserving the art and culture. So this particular national culture fund was created as a trust in the year 1996 under the charitable endowment act of 1890 which means whatever amount that we pay to this particular trust will be free of taxes. So there will be tax benefits. So this you need to keep it in mind. So there is a council established for this managing this particular fund. So it is being administered by this particular council which will decide on the policies and there is also an executive committee which will actualize this policies nothing but executing the policies. So this council is shared by the union minister of culture. So this you need to know. So there is a separate minister for the ministry of tourism and there is a separate minister for ministry of culture. So just have this in mind. So you need to know about this national cultural fund the objectives of this particular national cultural fund. So there are four main objectives. First is to administer and apply the fund for conserving, maintaining, promoting, protecting and preserving and also the upgradation of whatever monuments that have been protected under law. And second thing is the human resource development nothing but the training and the development of the cadre of specialist and cultural administration who are very much specialized towards maintaining the arts and culture. And this fund will also be utilized for innovations and experiments in arts. And this fund will also be utilized for documentation of cultural expressions and forms that have lost their relevance in contemporary scenario which means nothing but which are likely facing extinction at the present or which might face extinction in the future. So the Archaeological Survey of India plus the private institutions have clubbed up with the government to donate to this particular national cultural fund and many monuments have been preserved with the help of this national cultural fund. So if you go to this particular national cultural fund website you would be able to see the number of monuments that have been preserved that is not required for prelims exam. Just know what are the objectives of the fund and if it is a trust or whatever body it is and regarding the tax benefits and who is the head of that particular council that administers this fund. So this is all that you need to know about the national culture of the fund. So the next topic is the national anti-profit hearing authority. National anti-profit hearing authority. So the keywords that you need to know under this topic is about the national anti-profit hearing authority and about the Directorate General for Anti-profit hearing and about the Standing Committee, Screening Committee and the functions of this particular national anti-profit hearing authority.  So the recent news was that the government has tabled the number of complaints that have received by the national anti-profiting authority in the Lokshaba. So you need to know what is anti-profiting. So when the GST was established, this national anti-profiting authority came into being because there were complaints that whenever there were cuts in the GST rates, the same cuts were not transformed from the business providers or the business people to the common public. So the business people largely enjoyed the benefits because of the cut in the taxes. Hence this national anti-profiting authority came into being. So under this mechanism, there are four things. First thing is the national anti-profiting authority. Second thing is the director general of anti-profiting. Third thing is the standing committee which will operate at the national level. And fourth one is the steering committee which will operate at the state level. So whenever at state level, the screening committee receives complaints, it will scrutinize those complaints and send to the standing committee. And this standing committee, if this particular committee finds those claims as a proper one, it will again forward to the director general of anti-profiting. So under the authority of this particular national anti-profiting authority, he has to take action within three months timeframe to the maximum plus three months. Within three months, he has to take at extraordinary circumstances, he can go for plus three months. And he has to give a solution for that particular complaint. So this is all about that particular anti-profiting mechanism. So the national anti-profiting authority will be managing all these DGAP standing committees, steering committees, et cetera. So this national anti-profiting authority has been constituted under section 17, one of the central goods and services tax act of 2017. So its main function is to ensure the reduction in the rate of tax or the benefit of input tax credit that is being passed on to the recipient by way of commensurate reduction in the prices. Because whatever cut in the tax rates can be only seen by the reduction in the prices. So it has to be passed on to the consumer accordingly. So this particular authority as a chairman whose the post is equal to a secretary post and plus four technical members whose position are equal to commissioners of the income tax departments. And what are the steps that have been taken by the national anti-profiting authority to ensure full benefits of tax cuts to the consumers. So it holds regular meetings with the zonal screening committees at the state level and with the chief commissioners of central tax to stress upon the consumer awareness program. So they will be conducting a large amount of consumer awareness programs. For that they'll be conducting meetings. The authority will conduct the meetings. Second thing is launching a helpline to resolve the queries of citizens regarding the registration of complaints against profiteering. If you see in the particular website, the frequently asked questions topic will be having this particular helpline for the consumers. And additionally will be having one more helpline. And next thing is receiving complaints through post email and the NAA portal. So this particular complaint list was tabled by the government in the Lok Sabha. And if you see for the year 2018, the complaints were at last from the month July to October. So at numbers, if you see it's ranging from 67 to 93. And along with this one more function of the national anti-profiting authority is to work with the consumer welfare organizations in order to facilitate the outreach activities because the awareness at the business side can also be low because the big corporates or the big businesses will be making use of these tax cuts and they will profit at last. But by mistake even small businesses can perform this in. So the government will take outreach activities in order to give awareness to the business people as well. So this is all about the national anti-profiting authority. And this we will move on to our main topic. The first topic is the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 2016. So this particular bill was introduced in the month of July 2016 in order to amend the Citizenship Bill of 1955. So the original bill is 1955. And now it has been passed in the Lok Sabha. So it seeks to amend the Citizenship Act of 1955. Under this three amendments have been made. The first amendment is all those religions apart from Muslims. So the religions such as Hindus, Sikhs, Parsis, Jains and Christians who migrate to India without the travel documents. So technically they're illegal migrants from the countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan which happened to be the neighboring countries of India. Will not be regarded as illegal migrants. So this was the first amendment that was made. And the second thing is the bill also amends the act to allow the cancellation of overseas citizens of India registration if the person violated any law in Indian territory. So if a particular OCI citizen performs any crime so his card might be rejected. And third thing is it has relaxed some thing in the acquisition of citizenship by naturalization for these categories of persons. So that is a naturalization process. Some norms have been relaxed by the government. So one particular norm is so when a particular person applies for citizenship the time frame preceding 12 months of that application form he has to reside in India. Plus he also has to reside out of 11 out of the 14 years. So this was the present norm. So this amendment has eased this norm to six years. So application date minus 12 months minus the six out of 14 years this particular citizens who are Hindu, Sikhs, Pasis, Jains or Christians can reside in India. So this particular norm has been relaxed. So these are the three amendments made to the Citizenship Amendment Bill of 1955. So there have been some criticisms against the government and the government has also claimed something. So let us see that in detail. So the first criticism is that it is perpetuating the religious discrimination. This was largely voiced by the Muslim outfits because it excludes Muslims only and all the other religions are benefited. And some other persons have said that it has conflated the idea of nationality with religion which means they have confused the idea of nationality with religion. And next thing is citizenship cannot be granted on the basis of religion because we claim that even as per our constitution of India that India is a secular country but this particular amendments that have been made to the Citizenship Bill seems to be non-secular to some sectional people. And the main issue is that this bill will be a divisible bill which will burn the state of Assam is what those outfits from Assam claim. So this bill is against the Assam Accord of 1985 because as per that Assam Accord of 1985 people those who have been in India after this cut off date of March 24th of 1971 must be deported as per the Assam Accord. But now this will contradict this particular amendment to the Citizenship Bill will contradict this Assam Accord. And next thing is it will disturb the demographics of the Assam society and will also affect the rights of the Indignus communities those Indignus communities that are living in different districts of Assam. And it also goes against the ongoing process of updating the national register of citizens primarily based on the 1951 Otis list. So it will contradict some of the sections of the Assam record and also this national register for citizens particularly in the state of Assam. But the government is telling that this bill does not targets the state of Assam but it targets the entirety of India especially the western states and the northwestern states of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan where the illegal migrants have settled in those states who want for a proper citizenship. So India has been accommodating Muslim refugees from Bangladesh and Pakistan by giving long term visas. So this is also happening at present. So the government has claimed that it is also supporting the Muslim population. And if you also see when in the 1950s Jawaharlal Nehru Rx prime minister and also Sushita Kripal who was the first chief minister, women's chief minister for India. I have told that it is the overall policy of India from the beginning itself to give special consideration to minority refugees from the neighboring Muslim majority countries because the partition happened because of religion only. India largely became a Hindu majority population and Pakistan become a Muslim majority population. And now opposed to partition the government wants to accommodate those minority communities living in our neighboring nations which have been partitioned from India. So these are some of the claims that have been made by the government. So this is all about the citizenship amendment bill. With this you can give your critical analysis or you can even analyze the bill with the help of these points. And the next topic we'll be discussing is the 124th constitutional amendment bill. So you need to know what a constitutional amendment bill is. So if you're making amendment to any articles of the constitution that can be done only by introducing a bill into the, any either of the houses of the parliament. So introduction of bill is required in either house of the parliament. Then this particular bill once introduced after discussion has to be passed by a majority of the total membership of that particular house. So for Lok Sabha, majority is more than the 50% so out of 545 more than 50% is a majority. Plus a majority of not less than two thirds of the members of the house present and voting. So if 545 members roughly 50% plus some person can be there. So those members should be present and they should also only then a bill introduced for amending the constitution is deemed to be passed in that particular house of the parliament. So we need to know what is this particular 124th constitutional amendment bill is about. So it aims to provide reservations in public employment and also in education for the economically weaker sections. So we need to know what the economically weaker sections that we'll be discussing in the later part of the slide. So this particular bill aims to provide reservation in matters of employment and matters of education to the economically weaker sections. So the economic reservation in jobs and in education is proposed to be provided by inserting the class six in the articles 15 and 16 of the constitution. So article 15 deals with the discrimination of prohibition of discrimination. Prohibition of discrimination. And article 16 deals with equality in matters of all education, employment, et cetera. So the government or the majority party ruling party in the Lok Sabha has taken these two articles as a reference for amending this particular constitutional amendment bill. So it has aimed to give reservation in education and also in employment. So let's discuss that. So in order to give reservation in matters of education, article 15 six will enable the state to make special provisions for the advancement of economically weaker section of citizens, which includes reservations in educational institutions as well. So this is not limited only to the public educational institutions but also to the private educational institutions. If they are aided or anided, except for the minority educational institutions that have been covered on the section one of the article 30. And it also states that the upper limit for reservation will be 10%. So the reservations cannot exceed 10%. So we'll be seeing about the scenario of reservations in the later slide. And with regards to employment, the job reservations proposed under the class six of the article 16 will enable the state to make provision for the reservation in appointments. In addition to the existing reservations subject to a maximum of 10%. So the upper limit is 10% in both matters of education and also in matters of employment. So this you need to keep it in mind. So now who are these economically weaker sections and what is the present reservation criteria that is present in India that you need to note. So let's see the present reservation status. So the constitution of India provides reservations to other socially backward sections, socially backward population that largely comprises of your schedule cast, schedule tribes and other backward cast. So reservation is up to 15% for the schedule cast and 7.5% for the schedule tribes and around 27% for the other backward cast. So this is the present reservation status. So this will be 49.5. And in a judgment which will be discussing in the later slide as put a maximum limit for the reservations to 50% in the Indra Saini case. So now in addition to this, the government intends to provide 10% reservation to all those economically backward sections in the general category. So the remaining 51.5 will be the general category. In this 10% reservation will be given to this economically weaker sections. So who are these economically weaker sections that we'll get to know only when the government notifies as in went. So it tells that as notified by the state from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage. So they have clearly mentioned that this class will be distinct from already present, the schedule cast, schedule tribes and the other economic other backward classes. And if you see one exception is the state of Tamil Nadu where the reservations have capped above the 50% cap. So it is around 69% reservations. So this has been inserted in the schedule nine of the constitution of India in order to immunize it from the judicial review. So a person cannot go for a judicial review in terms of reservations, especially in the state of Tamil Nadu. So we might, the center might face a legal scrutiny because by introducing reservation for these economically weaker sections. So the government has claimed that the economically weaker sections of the citizens have largely remained excluded from higher education and public employment due to their financial capacity. That because of their economical positions, they are not able to access proper education stream. They are not able to access proper employment screen. So they are left backward right from the, the country got independence. Even now they are economically backward. So the government has found it a need to amend the constitution in order to give them a fair chance of getting higher education and public employment. So also as to fulfill the mandate of Article 46 of the constitution of India. Article 46 is one of the directive principles of state policy, which tells that the state should work towards uplifting these socially and economically backward sections, especially the scheduled cast and the scheduled tribes. So the government has taken this as a reference and gone for giving reservation, 10% reservation to the economically backward sections. But we might not know what is the legality of this particular amendment. So we might get to know once it comes to judicial review. If you see in the year 1992 Indra Saini case, she had put a cap of 50% for the reservation. So the upper limit as 50%. Now the proposed amendment seek to get over this limit. And also in the particular Indra Saini case, the judges told that the social backwardness cannot be determined only with reference to economic criteria. So if a person is poor, we cannot tell that that particular person is socially backward. So economically, economic reason can be one of the criteria. So the money value can be one of the criteria, but not the major criteria. But if you see what the government intends to come up with this amendment is the economically weaker sections. It is largely focusing on the economy. And if you also see in 1950s, when the reservation first came up in the parliament, people or the members of the parliament emphasized that reservation is only for those people who are socially backward and educationally backward. They did not highlight on economically backward. It was in present in only the directive principles of state policy. So this is one of the major move taken by the government in order to provide reservation to the economically backward sections. And now if you see majority of the parties have voted in favor of this particular constitutional amendment, but they did give their comment that this particular government which has brought in the amendment is doing it with a political motive because Lokshapa elections are near. Hence it wants to pick those upper caste votes. So this was a recent thing. And if you also see in the year 2016, August, the Gujarat High Court had questioned ordinance that has been brought by the government for providing 10% reservations to the general category or the weaker sections in the forward cast. So this particular judgment is now pending in the Supreme Court. So this is the status of the reservation with regards to economically weaker sections. So this again will go through a judicial review and it has just been passed in the Lokshapa as of now. It will be discussed in the last day of the winter session in the Rajesh Abba. And we'll get to know if this particular bill has been passed in Rajesh Abba or not. So this is all about the 124th constitutional amendment bill that you need to know. From prelims point of view, just know the criteria that is required for a particular bill or a particular article that has to undergo amendment in the constitution. So just remember this with prelims point of view. And this 124th constitutional amendment bill deals with what? So it deals with reservation to the economically backward sections. So this you can take. And for mains, you can quote this article 15, 16 and your article 46 of the constitution, which is the Directive Principles of State Policy. And you can also critically analyze with your views to this particular constitutional amendment bill. With this, we are winding up our today's topic. Please do like, comment and share the video. And please subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.


From San Francisco, it's theCUBE, covering GitLab Commit 2020. Brought to you by GitLab. Hi, I'm Stu Miniman and this is theCUBE's exclusive coverage of GitLab Commit 2020 here in San Francisco. You might notice it's a little chilly in San Francisco today. Welcome to the program, first time against Vince Domenia, who is a senior director of engineering at Axway. And you can tell by the GitLab Commit jacket that he is a speaker at the show. And good thing to wear that one today, yes, Vince? Yes, it's very, very chilly here, but we're all having a great time. Yeah, absolutely. It's the warmth of the community that's keeping everyone going. First of all, I believe first time we've had Axway on our program, so for people that don't know, tell us a little bit about Axway. Sure, Axway's in the business of helping save your company, basically, and help them through the digital transformation. So if you've ever deposited a check electronically on your phone, you've probably, there's a 90% chance you've crossed one of our API gateways or managed file transfer systems. So we've helped banks, we help hospitals, healthcare, lots of verticals, and assisting them through their digital transformation. Awesome, so yeah, we love talking about digital transformation. Your presentation here at Commit is actually about Journey to Cloud. So tell us a little bit about what that means, gives a little bit of view inside what you're gonna be sharing with the community here. Sure, Journey to the Cloud is a program that we conceived a couple of years ago, and it's all about bringing our company into the cloud native space, as well as bringing our existing product line into the cloud so it can run, it can scale, easy to deploy, day two operations. So what we're gonna talk about today is basically Axway's journey as an ISV, going from quarterly and semi-annual deliveries to daily deployments, low change failure rates, faster lead time to changes, so. Yeah, it's wonderful things that if you hear about DevOps, it's all about how we can shorten those release cycles and have those continuous feedback loops, so how long have you been with Axway? I've been with Axway for four years now. Okay, so yeah, bring us inside a little bit that journey is, what are the ripple effects as you try to tighten things down and not get on the train, but just chip and chip and chip. Yeah, absolutely. I can say that it's a journey that really requires vigilance. It's constant practice, continuous learning to be lean. So if I were to describe the journey, it's about contributing together, working as one team to build one platform, and that's across DevOps and security. We'll go into a bit about how we really shifted security left this year by working closely with them. We really took the time to seek to understand their needs, as well as the security team understanding our needs in terms of continuous deployment. And we worked together on a solution called the Continuous Security Review, allows us to get to the deployment frequency of multiple times per day versus the deployment frequency. Before that, we still followed the traditional initial security view, final security view. We could only release once a sprint, two weeks. Yeah, a mantra we've heard at many of the shows we go to is security is everyone's responsibility. Was there a lot of retraining that needed to be done? Did the security people kind of lock everybody in the room and make them watch films? Or how did you work through some of these changes? That's a great question. So, there are a lot of things that our product security group does along with our cloud security team. They do have training globally for Axway, not only for the development team, operations team as well. They also, we also have built cross functional teams within our scrum team. So our scrum teams contain what's called a SPOC, a security point of contact, a DevOps point of contact, a quality point of contact. And those members of the team help that scrum team have full ownership of that service. So when you say security is everybody's job, it's really security, quality, reliability, scalability, and stability is everybody's job. And when you build those cross functional teams, you're able to provide the team the capability to have the ownership to take those services into the cloud on a daily basis. All right, Vince, help us connect the dots. Axway and GitLab, what's the connection there? Another great question. So we became a GitLab customer back in 2015. We were on SVN primarily and through lots of acquisitions, either CVS or SVN. And we were looking at the next generation, source control management tool. We actually invested and purchased GitLab for Axway in 2015 because it had a non-premise offering. And we needed to store all of our source code on premise. We have contracts with the governments around the world. And so that's how our journey started. But what we couldn't have imagined was how it was going to evolve. And that's why we're so happy with GitLab. They really take our feedback seriously. A lot of the things that we've asked them to go ahead and implement, they've gone and iterated and implemented those things, allowed us to test features, get faster feedback. One of the things we were looking for was EKS recently as a native way to basically plug in EKS as a GitLab runner and run your workloads there. That was implemented, I think, within the last release or two releases ago. So we really appreciate GitLab's responsiveness with their product. Okay, EKS, you're talking about Amazon's Kubernetes, of course they are. So you talked about on-premises. What is your cloud deployment? Are you multi-cloud now? Or where does Kubernetes fit in that overall discussion? Another great question. So our journey to cloud native started with a product called Amplify Central. And what we did was we started out with Docker Swarm. We evolved to cops. At the time when we had first gotten our production deployment running on cops, EKS was just in its initial phases of rolling out. We're an Amazon premier technology partner and we actually helped them with their valuation of the initial bit of EKS, gave them feedback a year later. We're looking at it as a way to consolidate platform and allow our teams to focus on building a better product rather than having infrastructure overhead of upgrading infrastructure and going through those cycles. We could just test the infrastructure before we roll it out. So Vince, you're talking a lot about your journey to cloud. What advice do you give to your peers as they're heading down their own journey? The advice I give to my peers is to keep calm and we'll go over that in our presentation. But really it's about behavior change. So it's not just words that are on some paper that you walk into and you look at. You really have to embody those behaviors and have those feelings about what you're doing and that's gonna change your values and attitudes about how you act and work and help each other out and that's how you break down silos and ultimately that's what changes culture. It's your values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that culminate to build a one team, operating as one team to deliver one platform. Okay, so you're speaking at the show, obviously you've used GitLab quite a bit. What else, what brings you to this show? What are you hoping to get out of it? Just to see what our peers and fellow practitioners are doing in the cloud. See how GitLab's evolving. It was really great keynote this morning from Todd and Sid. So it's great to keep abreast as to what, even some of our customers are here today and to hear their story about how they're moving to the cloud and how it might parallel and some things that we can learn from them. That's one of the key behaviors. When you move towards cloud native is creating a culture of learning and that's how you grow. All right, well, thanks so much for sharing your journey. Appreciate it. Appreciate to meet you and best of luck with your presentation and I'm Stu Miniman. This is GitLab Commit 2020. Thanks so much for watching theCUBE.


I found the top 10 health related remote jobs. Yes, a lot of people out there think there's no health related remote jobs and that just is not true. If you look at a website like flexjobs.com, which is dedicated to hiring people for remote positions only, you're going to see there is a ton of remote jobs available that are healthcare related. And I myself was a pharmacist that was able to work remote, right? So when most people picture pharmacists, they think there's no possible way that you can work remote, but actually there's quite a few job opportunities out there. And in this video, I'm going to go over a bunch of entry level, mid level and even some higher level positions that you can get into and work remote that are healthcare related. And some of these positions are entry level. That means they require zero experience or a college degree. And then some of them are going to be higher level where they require a degree and maybe some experience as well. But number 10 on the list is going to be a clinical scheduler. And this is somebody who manages and coordinates medical appointments remotely. Now this is a position where you can make about $46,000 a year, which is pretty good for entry level. And for this position, all you need is a GED or a high school diploma. You don't need previous experience, you can get hired at the entry level. And depending on where you live, there may be a certification or training requirement, but a lot of the time, the place that hired you will actually train you. And that's actually true with a lot of these healthcare related careers. So this one's pretty good. I'll give it a 7.5 out of 10. Next is going to be a mental health therapist. And this is somebody who provides counseling and therapy to patients. Now this is one that does require a college degree and typically there is going to be extensive training requirements as well, but you get paid about $71,000 a year and there's more and more opportunities to work remote. So this one does have higher requirements, but it also pays pretty well. I'll give it a 7 out of 10 opportunity score. The next one on the list is going to be a medical billing specialist. And this is basically somebody who's an expert on medical codes, insurance claims and payment processes. So the medical system in the United States of America is an absolute mess and I'm not going to get into that. That's a topic for another video, but it's very important to accurately document the exact treatments that you gave the patient, how much time you spent with them, et cetera, et cetera. And that's what medical billers are able to do. And they make around $45,000 a year. Now this one does not require a college degree, but it does require training and medical billing and medical coding. And again, a lot of the time you can get that training from the company that hires you. And this is a pretty important job so that doctors aren't spending all of their time doing billing and they're spending their time actually helping the patient. And this is also a really good career to go into if you want to later on rise up through the ranks. Maybe you wanna go to college, get a better degree so that you can get into a better career. It's a great background to get used to the medical system because you're going to learn a lot when you memorize all the different diagnosis codes. So overall, I'm gonna give this one an 8 out of 10 opportunity score. The next one is going to be a patient enrollment specialist. And this is a position where you're gonna specialize in determining the patient's eligibility, navigating insurance claims and managing medical documentation. And this is another entry level career does not require a college degree, doesn't require previous experience. It does require some training, but typically the company will take care of that. And you make about $44,000 a year. So this is another pretty good one. I'll give it a seven out of 10 opportunity score. The next one on the list is going to be medical sales or insurance sales. So there is honestly so much money when it comes to medical sales and insurance sales. Now on the medical sales side, you would be engaging with doctors and selling them different medical related products. And this would range all the way from software systems that make the medical doctors job easier to different types of equipment such as prosthetics. And then on the insurance side, of course you would typically be working with patients and usually it's gonna be like Medicare patients to figure out what the best insurance plans are for them. Now I know that might sound a little bit sketchy but actually because of the fact that it's so unbelievably complicated in the United States, the entire medical system and insurance system is just messed up, these positions actually do provide a lot of value. And I've seen patients that have saved literally tens of thousands of dollars a year just by switching insurance. And in this position, you make about $173,000 a year. Now whether or not you need a college degree is going to depend on the position that you go into. Many of these positions are going to prefer someone who has a college degree and a background working in some sort of medical profession, but not all of them do. For instance, some of the insurance-related positions you can get into without a college degree or previous experience. So yeah, this one can be really good. I'll give it a 9.5 out of 10 opportunity score. Now by the way, the easiest way to break into an entry-level sales job, in my opinion, is going into tech sales. I've interviewed a bunch of people on this channel that have gotten jobs in tech sales and they all used a company, Course Careers. Course Careers is sponsoring this video. And you can check out a free training on tech sales by clicking down in the description as well as the pinned comment below. Sales is probably one of the most valuable skills you can possibly learn. My favorite job was personally a sales job. So yeah, definitely worth it to check that out. They go over everything about tech sales and why it's so easy to break into. And you can check that out down in the description as well as the pinned comment below. But next on the list is going to be a health and wellness coach. And basically what you'd be doing here is remotely providing personal guidance on diet, exercise, and health, and you'd be giving accountability and support. Now there are a lot of jobs available to do this. Many people also start their own businesses, kind of do a freelancing type of thing as well. And health and wellness coaches make about $63,000 a year. So you do see a trend now of a lot of different companies doing this where they are providing these types of services and giving people more personalized advice on what they can do in order to improve their health. And I could see this one taking off even more in the future because I do think that the medical industry is headed in that direction where they're really trying to personalize healthcare to each individual patient. For instance, there's a lot of research being done in genetics where they can basically tell you what kind of conditions you're gonna have later on in life. So it's really good to know if you're probably gonna develop diabetes by the time you're 30 or 40. Then you can be proactive and do things in order to prolong your life. So yeah, I like this one a lot. I'm gonna give it an eight out of 10 opportunity score. The next on the list is very similar to a medical billing specialist and that is a medical coder. And this is somebody who translates complex medical information into medical codes. And this makes it easier to bill patients and also keep accurate records. Now, if anybody has worked in a hospital, especially one of the older hospitals, they would probably know that doctor handwriting is incredibly hard to read. And with a lot of the newer electronic health record systems, it's much, much easier to understand what the doctor is trying to say. So I am a big fan of the electronic health record systems, although some people are kind of trying to turn them into electronic cash registers. And medical coders do play a vital role in making sure that medical accidents don't happen. So medical coders make about $65,000 a year. It's also entry level, doesn't require a college degree or previous experience. It does require training though. So overall, I'm gonna give this one an 8.5 out of 10 opportunity score. Next is going to be a medical transcriptionist. And this is somebody who transcribes audio recordings to written medical records. So I remember back when I was doing hospital rotations once in a while, I would sit in on surgeries. And after a surgeon does a surgery, they basically talk into a device and they talk really fast. And the person who is on the other end of that device, whether it's directly to them or they transcribe it later on is going to transcribe all of that information. And that's because surgeons are incredibly busy and they don't have time to write all that stuff out themselves. Now, of course, this has to be incredibly accurate and also has to be done really fast because other healthcare professionals are waiting on that information. For instance, nurses might need to know any problems that arose during surgery. So this is another really good one. You make around $62,000 a year. It doesn't require a college degree but sometimes it may require certification and it always requires training. So yeah, this is a pretty good one. I'll give it an 8 out of 10 opportunity score. The next one on the list is going to be healthcare customer service representative. And this is exactly what it sounds like. You're gonna be a customer service representative for some sort of healthcare related company. Now this pays a bit more than a normal customer service representative about $44,000 a year. And the reason for that is because you do have to have specialized training. For instance, medical records are very closely protected and you absolutely cannot give out any medical records to somebody who is not an authorized agent. And this is another one where you do not have to have a college degree or previous experience but it is gonna require training. So overall, this is one of the easiest jobs to land. I'll give it an 8.5 out of 10 opportunity score. And now let's talk about a remote nurse. So this is one of those where you probably think there's not gonna be any available positions for remote nurses and you'd actually be wrong. You can provide medical care and support from a distance. And these types of positions got more and more popular since the pandemic. So here's an article from a lady who worked as a nurse for 13 years and she finally transitioned into remote nursing and she said it vastly improved her health and life. So that's pretty awesome. And remote nurses make about $76,000 a year. So obviously this one is going to require a college degree.  You're probably gonna have to have a background in nursing first. So a little harder to get into than a lot of the other ones on the list. But with that being said, if you're a nurse watching this, definitely go for it. I'm gonna give this one an 8.5 out of 10 opportunity score. By the way, if you haven't checked it out, I did make a video on the six remote jobs that are almost always hiring and you can check that out by clicking right here.


Hello, thank you for joining me. I'm on the track bed of a disused railway line and this is a disused railway line Which has been brought back to life along this section here This is probably the most attractive section of this particular disused railway line But this video isn't about The disused railway line and it's not actually about this miniature railway line Neva is the video about Rudyard Lake which is Where this miniature railway runs along this side. This is the Rudyard Lake Railway We're on the track bed of the old leak to Macclesfield Railway, but this video isn't about any of that. I haven't come to do the history of them We have done a video on Rudyard Lake in the past and it is my plan to do a proper Henry's Adventures video where we will walk this track bed from leak up to Macclesfield We will do that in the future, but this video is Really, it's following on from what happened the other day when we went to Mark Eaton Park in Derby You may have seen that video what happened was we were walking around the park and we were following the track bed of the 15-inch gauge Mark Eaton Park light railway and it was really quite sad because this railway opened in 1989 and then it closed in 2016 so it had quite a short life. It's opened and closed within my lifetime and When you think about the time most railways closed such as this one, you know You're talking sort of beaching or you know around the 50s and 60s kind of era Very rare. We're talking about you know 2016 so I thought it was really sad that the miniature railway Had closed and that led me to think of something and I did sort of mention it in that Said wouldn't it be great to go and visit every miniature railway because you just don't know When they're going to close probably Mark Eaton Park Railway in 2014 you wouldn't have known it would close You know in a few years time so The point is you don't know when they're going to close So that's what I thought I'd set myself the challenge to visit and travel on every miniature railway, so We'll go to each miniature railway. We'll make like a little vlog when we get there So we will come here again. This isn't the one for Rudyard Lake railway We'll get a proper one. It's a bit like you may have seen there was a couple called Jeff and Vicki Who visited every railway station in Britain their channels called all the stations do have a look on there They've made some really good entertaining videos There's another couple called Paul and Rebecca that are visiting every disuse station do check out their channel That is you know really good as well. I believe there's a gentleman out there might have been to every model village I think there's another one out there who's driven every type of car So I thought I'll be you know the guy that goes to every miniature railway It's not I'm not gonna not gonna try and be the first to go to every miniature railway because they're possibly Other people who have already done that, but I'll be the first one to make a vlog at each miniature railway So really the challenge She'll start very soon. What I'll do is I'll get like a t-shirt made and We'll start visiting all the miniature railways in Britain I've walked along the Rudyard Lake railway trap bed to Lakeside loop. It's not actually a station That's why it says do not alight here It's the midway point when on days when they're running two trains the two trains pass and it really has a lovely view over Rudyard Lake So what I thought we'll do now is As I've already made it quite clear I very much enjoy going to miniature railways So I thought I'd talk a bit about um, you know My first memories of miniature railways and my first trip On a miniature railway. So my first trip on a trip. I don't actually remember it But there are pictures and that was to Cassiope Park in Watford. We went to the Watford miniature railway And I was pulled by a steam locomotive called Trevific, which funny enough was actually here Fairly recently, but I was in hunger at the time. So I didn't actually get to see it. So Trevific was my first Steam locomotive I ever Had for haulage, which um, you know, so I'd really love to see that locomotive again and no doubt In the course of this series We we will we believe she's now down at the Royal Victoria Railway in Southampton So that was my first steam locomotive of any size I had for haulage Just in case you're wondering my first standard gauge steam locomotive I had for haulage Was met number one at the Buckinghamshire Railway centre and on that day. I did also go on a miniature railway um The golden spring miniature at the Buckinghamshire Railway centre, but That will be covered when we do the golden spring miniature railway So one of my first real memories of going to a miniature railway I must have been about three or four and it was a family holiday We were down in Devon and we were staying on a caravan in a farm and one day we went to the RHS gardens at Rosemore, that's Royal Horseshoe Cultural Society Gardens Rosemore Gardens, we went there and um, you know, I really enjoyed it because you'll see from some of my other videos I enjoy going to national trust places and castles and abbeys And walked in the country. So, you know, I don't only like railway stuff. I'm You know, I like lots of things. So I you know as a child I really enjoyed, you know Seeing the gardens all the little waterfalls and ponds and trees and that and then What must have happened? I don't exactly remember this bit, but we must have got in the car afterwards I probably said away we go now my parents said well we're going back to the caravan But the bit I do remember is we were driving along and suddenly we went over a level crossing of a miniature rail And I was like mum dad, we just went over a miniature railway level crossing and they were like Oh, did we? How strange sort of thing The place we were arriving at was the Great Torrington Miniature Railway So they obviously knew we were going there, but they kept it as a surprise which you know, I always did like surprises So I was quite happy and I was delighted that we weren't just going back to the caravan But we got to have a ride on the Great Torrington Miniature Railway I'm really glad I did do that because unfortunately that railway Has now closed. I think it was due to close when we went there Then it seems to go on forever It was a dumbbell shaped miniature railways Those of you who don't know that's basically a railway that goes like that with a loop at each end and and I remember I really enjoyed it But I think the man driving the train possibly told my parents that the railway Was due to close And I think that it did close and then a few years later on a family holiday I believe it was about year 2000 We stayed in westwood hoe and One of the afternoons I persuaded my parents to go to the Great Torrington. They said there, but Henry, you know the railway closed I said, I know it closed, but I want to go there. I want to see if there's anything Left of it. So we went there and the track was all still in place now That's pretty much all I remember is just seeing a slightly overgrown track bed now Of course, I'll be taking pictures and I'll be saying hello. Thank you for joining me We're at the abandoned Great Torrington Miniature Railway But unfortunately, um, I didn't think to do that in those days So and I now I don't actually know what the state is of the Great Torrington Miniature Railway if the track's there Or not. So if anyone watching this knows what's happened to Great Torrington Miniature Railway Um, if you comment and tell me, I'll be really grateful To hear from you. So that is my, um, earliest memories of miniature railways The dam That has got to be one of the most unusual names for a railway station We've come along the Rudyard Lake Railway through the cutting to the dam now I know I said this isn't so much about the railway, etc. It's about my challenge But seeing as we're here, I might as well let you see why it's called the dam It's for a very very literal reason and it's going to get a bit windy, so I'm going to have to shout It's because it is the dam. This is Rudyard Lake And that's the dam. So there you go. That is why this railway station Is called The Dam Interestingly, it's pretty not many railway stations to start with the I can think of the Hawthorns in the West Midlands If anyone can think of any others then welcome to let me know in the comments. So we have come to the dam and The thing I've come I'm going to talk to you about here is what actually is a miniature railway because that is You know one thing that has um No doubt sparked many Debates in pubs and many debates um on the internet on social media So to me or what I'm going to cover in this series Is miniature railways. So this isn't model railways. So gauge one model railways gauge three They're all very nice. I'm not saying we won't make any videos at them But they won't be covered under the miniature railway Britain series Neither will narrow gauge railways. The railways like the vasten yolk won't be covered. The vasten yolk is not a miniature railway It's a narrow gauge railway same as ones that were built more for pleasure such as the amaton railway Again, it's a lovely place and no doubt. We probably will go there and I'll make a video there But it won't come under the miniature railway Britain series So on the whole a miniature railway is a railway that was built more for pleasure Rather than to carry people You know either to work or carry goods. So pretty much all the minute the Narrow gauge railways in Wales. I nearly called the miniature railways, which I've just said they're not All of those railways Such as the vasten yolk were built For an industrial purpose mainly to carry slate in Wales and around other parts of the country for other reasons. So Miniature railways really were ones built for pleasure. So some of the longer bigger miniature railways such as the Romney harm dim church And the rain glass nest they'll they will be covered Because in my books, they're miniature railways. And again, that is an interesting thing the gauge the whole gauge thing when Does miniature become narrow gauge? So what I'm going to say is on the whole anything above 15 inch are probably Called out narrow gauge. So a railway again like the steeple grains railway 18 inch gauge that won't be covered. It's a lovely place. I'll probably still go there make a video It won't come under miniature railway Britain But they were this way gets a bit complicated because some railways of a wider track gauge than steeple grains May well be covered or no, they will be covered such as the north bay railway in scarborough That's 20 inches, but it's a miniature railway. So that will be covered And the miniature railway at blackpool pressure beach. That is 21 inches. So again, we will Cover that. So really it's anything you can ride on so from probably Three and a half inches maybe two and a half inches if I can find two and a half inch low code that will Pull me along then we'll cover it Up to um anything that's a scaled down thing. So as again narrow gauge railways Are, you know, they're full size, but the tracks narrow because like for the studio It simply would not be practical to build a standard gauge line where it runs. So that is what A miniature railway is for the miniature railway Britain series So that's been a very enjoyable walk along besides the Rudyard Lake railway It's um a railway obviously we will do Again as part of the miniature railway Britain series. I'm just coming now to the main Rudyard station.  So look at the little semaphore signals and the footbridge and everything. It's um, it's lovely place Um, no trains running today because we've come here You know after the railways closed it would have been running earlier so the things last final things I want to mention is um Regarding visiting every miniature railway. Well so far I think I've been to about 50 odd miniature railways now I'm going to go To all 50 of those miniature railways again and make a vlog at them because some of them have featured in Henry's adventures Whether it be just a clip of a train or whether I have actually You know been doing one of my vlogs and it's featured but each railway will feature In the miniature railway Britain series again. There's you know, there's miniature railways So I'll go to all the ones I haven't been to before there's miniature railways like the beckonscott light railway, which I've been to so many times. I'm not quite sure why Um, you know, so that that will all be featured The final thing I wanted to say is this is where you come in if you've got any questions at all You want to ask me then please comment or send me a message Ask your questions and what I'll do. I'll do another video Shortly where our aim to answer all your questions you have regarding my challenge So the challenge is set. I'm going to visit every miniature railway. I'm going to use a mixture of public transport So this miniature railway you can actually get to by public transport because the leak to macklesfield bus Comes up to Rudyard or if you fancy quite a nice walk along the track bed from leak, which again, I'm going to cover In a future series, but not as part of the miniature rail of Britain series You can actually walk here from leak some of the time we will Be using my larder to take us to miniature railway So it's going to be a mixture of ladders walking buses and trains Maybe one or two trams or metro. It's not there are some that possibly That will be our way and part of the whole series will feature me So if I'm going say to a miniature railway that's near railway station Then the video will start with me either on the train or getting off the train at the railway station So everything will be covered. So I'll let you know whether their railways that are easy to visit or Railways like this where it's not so easy to get to by public transport, but it really is still worth visiting So I hope you enjoyed the series Like I said, the important bit now is if you've got any questions comment on this video I won't reply by typing a response. I will reply In the next video. I will answer them all or if you want to Send me a message then please do but please answer all your questions because I've thought of a few things like To answer like what is a miniature railway, but there might be things You're thinking well, how's he going to do that that I haven't thought of so, you know, please please comment and I'll aim to answer all your questions. So as I said challenge is accepted. I'm going to visit every miniature railway in Britain Thank you very much for watching and goodbye