Welcome again to this series where we're exploring objectivism as a very interesting philosophy and we're trying to talk about different subjects. Now here with me is Yaron Brooke, one of the most famous faces in the objectivism world. You are working both in America and also in Latin America trying to spread the ideas of objectivism. All over the world, really. Good, good. Absolutely. Well, Yaron, you know that I've been talking with some of the scholars of the Andran Institute about different subjects and there is one thing that intrigues me about free will and of course, you know, the new research on neuroscience and biology and this debate on how free are we really if we are. And also evolutionary psychology because Andran always said objectivism is all about observing reality as it is and instead of denying it, accept it and try to make your life in a very coherent way according to what reality shows you. So if reality and these new scientific findings are showing us, you know, something different, how can objectivism apply these new findings or reject them? And I want to start with an exercise. Maybe I can say something generally about it and then we'll get into some of the particulars. Absolutely. So scientific knowledge is important and we have to be able to evaluate it and see whether our ideas hold up in the face of new knowledge. But this is the challenge, particularly in the world we live in today, which I think not only is corrupt in its politics and we share our understanding of the corruption in politics. But it's also corrupt, I think, in its philosophy and I think that affects a lot of the science. I think one has to be wary of definitive statements in the sciences today, particularly in young sciences, in new sciences. If you look at your biology, which is a fascinating field and there's a lot of new information in your science field, it's not the science I'm worried about, it's the way they interpret it. Right. And the interpretation is more philosophy than it is actually science. And I am suspicious of a lot of the so-called conclusions that the philosophers of science and scientists and social thinkers are coming to based on the neurobiological evidence. And suddenly that is the case, I think, with evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary psychology is very philosophical in the sense that it's dealing with philosophical concepts. It's assuming that we evolved ideas, we evolved inclinations, we evolved all kinds of things that I don't think the scientists are very clear on. For example, what is the difference between an idea, an emotion, an inclination, temperament and all these other things that describe, you know, human behavior in one way or the other? Can they clearly define all those things? Can they then distinctly say this is genetic and this is not? Exactly. And none of them even make an attempt, right? When I read it, I go, they're not even trying to distinguish these different features.  And that is clearly not true. Ideas are not something we're born with. Ideas are something you have to use your reason in order to create.  That is something that's an achievement, right? It's something that you have to actually make an effort to do and the more abstract concept of effort is greater. So this idea that you can evolve concepts is just wrong. Now, where is the evolution? The conclusions, as I think I understand it, I think a lot of psychology understands it, are responses, automatic responses to conclusions and thinking that we have done in the past. Well, again, thinking is not evolved, so our emotions evolved. I doubt it. I don't think they are. So then we're left with inclinations and temperament. Okay, I'm willing to accept that there's some interesting science about these things. But if it's really just that, then it's a lot less than what is being claimed today by these scientists. So I don't think they have a clear understanding of what it is they're even dealing with. It's a very young science, and I think in 50 years we'll have a much better understanding of these things. Let's not take what's written in popular books about this and say it's definitive, given how weak I think their analysis is, their philosophical analysis is, and then how young the science actually is. So I think, yeah, let's gain the knowledge, but let's be careful about how we interpret it. And for example, on the issue of free will, and I know you've talked to others about free will, free will is directly observable. But when I look at this and I see a glass of water, it's irrelevant in a sense what science says. This is a glass and it's, you know, maybe it's not water and the science tells me it's poison or something. But my sense is observe something. That is the reality. And the science explains it. The science can explain, oh, it's made of molecules and it has this shape because of the way it was formed. The same with free will. Free will is directly observable. Science cannot disprove that it exists. It can one day maybe explain it, but it cannot disprove it. Well, that is the thing. I mean, that corruption that you talk about in the philosophical world that is also poisoning the way that science is interpreted is something that, for example, I haven't read the other works of Steven Pinker. But I read the blank slate and he actually points this out. In one spectrum, the left side of philosophy and politics does not want us to talk about biology, genetics, because for them this sounds like these will be justifications of racism, Nazism, sexism, you know, attempting to the rights of minorities. And then in the right wing, more conservative side of the spectrum, they also don't want to learn about these new findings because it attempts against their religion. So he does recognize the corruption that the philosophical world is going through. And he also, you know, blames relativists. He said, in the scientific study of politically charged topics such as race, gender, violence and social organization appealing to facts or the truth in connection with these topics is just as rules the relative say, because there is no truth in the sense of an objective independent of cultural and political presuppositions. And he does blame this. Like, when I read Pinker, for example, he condemns communism. He does, he makes an extra, a very interesting case of why the individual mind should be free. In some senses you say, okay, the guy gets it. In others, and I know that in other books, he goes like, no, there's no free will. Well, I think in the blank slate, he gets to the nursery rule and I know, you know, based on other people have read it. So I don't have direct experience with it. But yes, I mean, Stephen Pinker is a contradiction. He holds these contradictions. On one hand, he's anti-communist, obviously, and he's anti kind of radical leftist views on many issues. On the other hand, he doesn't want capitalism. He wants kind of, we need to regulate capitalism. We need to control capitalism. So he's for a mixed economy. He's a centrist when it comes to politics. He wants many, many more regulations and controls than we would want. He wants redistribution of wealth. He believes redistribution of wealth is necessary and moral. He's very conventional when it comes to his morality. In many respects, it's kind of funny that he's very Christian in his morality. In spite of being an atheist, he still holds the same kind of sacrificial live for others type of moral code. And yet he's very smart and he gets a lot of things right. And you see among certain intellectuals of the center left a certain understanding of the role of reason, the role of the mind, the role of individuals, the role of markets, but they're not willing to go all the way and would really undercuts them. And this is tragic. Him and Sam Harris and many others is that they don't really believe in free will. They don't really believe that individuals making choices. And that kind of undercuts the whole argument because if you don't believe in free will, why are we even having the conversation, right? Why are we trying to convince anybody? Why are we debating? And I don't think reason and rationality mean anything without free will. Reason is something you have to bring forth. You have to engage your mind with.  But it's a challenge among a lot of modern intellectuals. And I think that one of the biggest issues of the day is this issue of free will. It's interesting. Ankar Ghatid did an interview with Dave Rubin on free will. And it's one of the best viewed videos we've ever made. And the reason is I think this is an issue that young people are really struggling with because there's so many modern intellectuals are saying, no, there's no free will because science can't explain it. Right. And yet, well, but if there's no free will, it's the point. And I know this free will because I could see it when I introspect that that that there's real angst. There's real confusion about these issues. And I think it's just, it's just, you know, it's, it's, it's the foundation of all knowledge is that we have the capacity to engage our mind to choose to think. But then something is going on and it shouldn't be and it should be pointed out because, for example, you've read other books of Pinker. I've only read the blank slate. He starts saying, this is not going to be one of those books that says that everything is genetic because it isn't. The environment is just as important as the genes. The things children experience while they're growing up are just as important as the things that they're born with. Yeah. But they see that's the cop out. That's that's terrible. Why is that terrible? So there are two theories in psychology. You're determined by your genes. Yeah. Or you're determined by your environment. Yeah. And the real radicals, like Steven Peake, I say you're determined by both. By both, yeah. But you're still determined. The most important point about who you are and what you are is this third option, which is the choices you make. Of course. The decisions you make. But that never comes up, right? So, so he says both are influencing. And I'm saying, yeah, both have an influence.  Right? What do you do with it? What do you choose to engage your mind, to focus your mind, to think, to make choices, to take responsibility? Or do you choose to drift through life and to let the environment in your genes just dictate what you do or to let other people dictate what you do? So the most important characteristic in psychology of what you turn out to be is you. Of course. But it's not, of course, because it's not there. No, I know. He makes a case where I think it's a trinity for him. It's a little bit the environment, a little bit genetics. We still don't know how much you can actually decide.  It's not that homosexuals choose to be homosexuals. It's that the way they are coded in their DNA will make them more attracted to people of their same sex. So, you know, there's an element of truth to that. But I also think we don't know a lot. Again, we're overstating the case. Exactly. There's a lot about sexual desire, even among heterosexuals, that we don't understand. And a lot of it still has to do with choices that you make, both as a young person growing up and as an adult, that determine what you attract to do sexually and what you're not attracted to sexually, even among heterosexuals. What kind of woman am I attracted to? That's not genetically programmed into me. That is a function of my ideas. And indeed, when my ideas change, the type of woman I'm attracted to changes. It really does. So it's not, this whole idea of coding is way, way overstated in my view. And the environmental impact is way worse. I know it's from personal experience because my environment, really, I grew up in a place that taught you collectivism. It was given to you with your mother's milk. It was in the songs. It was in the stories. It was in the school books. It was everywhere. The whole environment was collectivistic, tribalistic, driving you. And I bought it. When I was 14, 15, 16, I was a hundred percent. I was just waiting for the grenades so I could jump and sacrifice my life for the sake of the collective, right? For my tribe, the Jewish tribe, as it happens to be. And I believed it and it was emotionally, it was completely integrated into who I was. And then I read Atlas Shrugged. And I said, oh my God, this is nonsense. This is wrong. My life is mine. And it took me a long time to distangle all that collectivism out of my soul, out of my emotions, out of everything.  But at some point, none of that collectivistic stuff meant anything to me. All those emotions were gone. I used to get tears in my eyes when the Israeli flag would go up. I don't anymore, right? So you can change your emotions, your inclinations, all these things that... If you read some of these books, you would think is just programmed into us. When you change your ideas, these things change. And I think that's true of sexual attraction. I think it's true of a lot of things. Now, certainly some stuff is coded into us. No question. But what is it? How impactful is it that science is still in infancy? And unfortunately, people like Stephen Pinker and others overstate the case. And it's a great story. They tell great stories about it. And it gets them a lot of attention. And good for them. You know, they're doing it, but I don't think it's science. I think it's too early to say. And what they discount, and they discount dramatically, is choice, ideas. Right.  They change what you value and what you don't value. I mean, I know that. I'm sure you know that. You went through changes in how you viewed the world. And that changes partially who you attracted to sexually. Yeah, of course. That I agree. Maybe not in the sense of passing from heterosexual to gay. Yeah, I think that's right. You know what you value in people and like how they are, how they behave. That's huge. Yeah, of course it is. But the thing is, I think it's so hard to make this case because now people are like, wait a minute, maybe I just don't inherit the color of my eyes from my parents. What if I am inheriting other things, not only bad things, but also talents. Or like, because there is no way of defining what is genetic from what, because this is a very young science, as you say, there is room for a lot of confusion. But what is absolutely clear and really important is your ideas are not inherited. Of course. Your moral character is not inherited. Yes. The values and virtues that you have are not inherited. And at the end, because we can see emotions change with ideas, your emotions are not. If we can agree on that. Of course. I agree with that. And then, you know, that makes all the difference because now it's still your, see if we buy into determinism, and I know a lot of people and there's a lot of people in the free market world who are trying to integrate evolutionary psychology in ways that I think are very harmful. If we agree that there's no free world, then there's no moral responsibility. Then it doesn't really matter what political system we live under in the end of the day because we're just determined to live under whatever political system we're determined to live under. So it's really important that people know that they have moral agency, that they decide their values and virtues, that they decide the direction of their life, and they are responsible for the choices that they make in their own lives. And therefore, they're responsible for the political system that they have, and that the politician is responsible for the political system they have. We can't let anybody have to hook because they had bad genes or because they had a bad environment. There's no excuse at the end of the day. You have to make decisions and choices for yourself. And that's what's so crucial. But I think that these things should continue to be studied. I don't think that the left should ban it for the reasons or the conservative right rejected it because I think this is part of knowing yourself like Socrates said. For example, now you have the opportunity of knowing your ancestry. You can take a sample of your DNA. And in my case, I think that this is a great solution against racism because if everyone in the planet would take their DNA test to find out that we are all a genetic blender, we're exactly then the points for nationalism or racism would just like tear down. If you apply the right philosophy, I wish I was benevolent. I mean, optimistic as you are because I think the roots of collectivism and tribalism are much deeper than just the DNA. But yes, I agree with you. We're ultimately all months and it would be good for people to know that. And it would be good for them to get that. But I think that they didn't find a different tribe. They identify based on another thing because that urge to be tribal is ideological. It's intellectual. It's ideas again. And it's lazy. It's laziness, right? It's saying I'm not going to think. I'm not going to think for myself. You see, I think a lot of the tribalism is for a long time, we've been told by all kinds of intellectuals. Reason is useless. You don't know anything. We need philosopher kings to tell us how to live. You're not competent enough to live in this modern world and this complex world. And OK, if I'm told that and I have to engage in life, what emotion does that evoke in me? Well, fear. I don't know what to do. I don't know how to live. And I can't use my mind because I've told it's impotent. So what do I do? Well, fear, if I'm fearful, then I'm looking for other people I can get together with and maybe they know what to do and maybe they have a philosopher king who can tell us all what to do. Tribalism is really the consequence of people believing that their own independent thinking as an individual human being is impotent. And then they get into groups. But one way to eliminate this idea of getting together into groups based on race is to show that there is no such thing. Exactly. There's no race and therefore the concept of let's say the nation will also come down, also sexism. And you know differences between men and women. Of course there are differences. It's also proven, but not into discriminatory regulation for that. Now, if all of this we can tear them down using science and the right philosophy because only science will not get us there. It's also the right philosophy. Then maybe we become tribalists of the mind. We become elitists trying to find people that think like us. Which is what John Galt kind of did, right?  He was looking for people that were mind-like. The independent thinkers that thought and were seeking the truth. You know, absolutely. Look, I'm not against science. I know, I know. I want the science to go forward. I just worry that in the meantime as the science goes forward the interpretations we get because a lot of it's based on bad philosophy. And it's not just philosophy of left and right. It's just philosophy. There's just this bad philosophy of the left and right. That the interpretations then we need to be wary of them. We need to be cautious of them. Not even ignore them. We need to challenge. We need to be challenged by them. We need to address them. Right. But we want the science to move forward because I think at the end of the day if what we believe is true then the science will confirm that. I mean, of course. And I said to Ankar, I wish we could bring Anne Rand to the 21st century and take her DNA both ancestry and health DNA. And maybe she could be fascinated by the fact that now she can know what parts of the world her family comes from or what kind of propensities to certain diseases. For instance, cancer or ephysema or Alzheimer or Parkinson's or whatever. And also the propensity to adrenaline rushes. Chemically there are human beings that are more needed or are more propens to adrenaline rushes and this makes them more propens to be drug addicts, casino gamblers or taking risks. Just people who travel all around the world not sleeping and delivering the message. Yes. Absolutely. I mean that has to do with you know, certain inclination and temperament. Right. And those clearly have a biological emphasis but even then. Yes. Even then we don't know how much of that is pure DNA and how much of that is things that happen to you in your childhood and that the body is responding to. Of course. So all of that is fascinating. But let me just say something about the 23andMe kind of genetic thing, which I think is fascinating. I did it primarily for the health stuff. I found the heritage stuff funny and curious and entertaining and stuff. But I think Anne Rand would say, you know, I don't care about my ancestors and I don't care about my ancestors. I don't care. I don't care about my ancestors or my heritage or like that. You know, it doesn't matter to me where I come from. It's just, it's kind of more fun than any kind of important value. But the medical stuff actually has important uses. I encourage people to actually get their DNA tested. Right. The medical stuff, you can change your behavior given that you are sensitive to certain diseases or inclined to have certain physiological problems. This is why I think that objectivism has a lot to give to the world and join this so recent science that is neuroscience and evolutionary psychology, do not abandon the battle of having an opinion on these books because if we leave it to socialism, then maybe we're going to have new collectivist measures about this and if we leave it to the conservatives, it's going to be just denial about these things. But I think that this kind of knowledge with the proper philosophy can help humanity get in another phase. Absolutely. Now I also want to talk about what science has showed us as reality and I want to go to another one of your favorites. Joval Harari. Also, the only book I read about him is Sapiens which I think is fascinating in the historical explanation on how homo sapiens came to be the predominant of all the species of humanity. And he talks about our moral codes and he puts two examples. The first one is the Hammurabi Code 4,000 or more years ago. And then he talks about the Declaration of Independence of the United States as one of the most important documents that as humanity we have come up with. Now he says if we would have to rewrite the declaration according to what science has shown us and he makes this exercise that I want to give you so you can have your opinion. So the Declaration of Independence says we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. According to the science of biology people were not created, they have evolved and they have certainly did not evolve to be equal. The idea of equality is inextricably intertwined with the idea of creation. The Americans got the idea of equality from Christianity which argues that every person has a divinely created soul and that all souls are equal before God. However, if we do not believe in the Christian myths about God creation and souls, what does it mean that all people are equal? Evolution is based on difference, not on equality. Every person carries a somewhat different genetic code and it is exposed from birth to different environmental influences. This leads to the development of different qualities that carry with them different chances for survival. Created equal should therefore be translated into evolved differently. So that's the first thing that he changed. Let's challenge that and then we'll go to the second part.  He completely misunderstands them because he can't think in the terms and at the level that the Founders did. What do they mean by equality? Of course, they know people are different. You don't have to know DNA. You don't have to get into DNA to know people are different. You just have to look around the room. We're all different. Look at the two of us. We're very different. People are different. Of course, they are. They think differently. They look differently. They act differently. They have different temperaments, inclinations, ideas, moral characters. All of this, the Founders knew this. The idea that you had to have Darwin tell us the wall different is nonsense. No, it's true. Not all men. He's right about creator. Okay, so, you know. We evolved differently. We evolved, right? Yeah. But, you know, first of all, they wrote this before evolution. But secondly, they did believe in some kind of essential creator, although they didn't want to, they purposely did not write God because they were not very religious men. Yeah. But that's not the point I'm making. They're not making the point that we're all the same. And again, somebody is smarter, so are we. This is not that hard. They're making the point. I mean, I'm serious. It really boggles my mind that, and this is what I think philosophy plays a role. He's got a bad philosophy and it's shaping the way he interprets these things. What does they mean by created equal? He means equal, they mean equally free. Equally with the ability to make decisions for themselves. Not that those decisions would be equally good for them because some people maybe have better moral character than others, smarter than others and so on, but that they all have a right to make decisions for themselves. They all have the right to be free. They're all equal in their inalienable rights, not equal in their characteristics. I mean, that's just silliness. Of course, we're different. One of the reasons why we should be equally before the law equal in our rights, equal in our freedoms, is because of those differences. And when we have differences among us, one of the principles behind the declaration is we can't just pull out a gun and shoot each other. We can't just fight it out in the streets. We have a system of laws that protects our individual rights from the use of force against one another. So every individual is free to pursue their individual happiness as they see fit based on their own rational mind. That's what they mean by equal. That's all they mean by equal. And again, it's political equality, not metaphysical or biological equality. That's silliness. And yeah, I mean, I wish they'd written evolved. And I wish they'd said that this equality is in the rights of the climate of human survival. When we finish the exercise, we're going to make the phrase according to what objectives would write it.  I know, I know, I know they work. And we're not trying to apply 21st century logic to 70s, 70s, because that would be impossible. But I think what equality means is really, really important because the left, as you know, this equality and Harare's concept, we all have to be the same. We all have to have the same outcome or the same opportunities or some sameness. That is impossible. And the founders are against that. Because why are they against that? Because they know that the only way to make us equal is to take from some and give to others. And they're saying, no, you can't take from some and give to others because that would violate some people's rights. That would actually treat some people unequally before the law. That's the quality that the left never wants to talk about, the quality under the law. So it's political equality that they're talking about, not equality of outcome, economic equality or metaphysical, biological equality. So no, I wouldn't rewrite the declaration the way Harare suggests. Okay, not the way he suggests it, but let's say what else. We'll improve on it later. So there are no such thing as rights in biology, Harare says. There are only organs, abilities and characteristics. Birds fly not because they have a right to fly, but because they have wings. And it's not true that these organs, abilities and characteristics are unalienable. Many of them undergo constant mutations and may well be completely lost over time. The ostrich is a bird that lost its ability to fly. So unalienable rights should be translated into mutable characteristics. I want to strangle him. Okay, I'll strangle him. I don't really, because I don't believe before we go on, let's do this. I mean, this is where Harare shows himself to be a complete materialist who rejects free will, rejects our ability to take, not just free will, but rejects our ability to conceptualize. Of course, rights are not things that exist within us. They're not like the glass or they're not like an organ. They're not like the DNA within us. Rights are an idea. They're an idea that's generated through reason. And this is what striking, right? But he does recognize that. He recognized that as humanity, we come up with the idea of rights so that we can live peacefully. It just doesn't exist in biology. Yes, but biology is not everything, right? So why would you rewrite the declaration? Based on biology, when it's not related to biology, it's related to political philosophy. It's related to how we live in society.  Some geniuses, a few real geniuses came up with these ideas based on the work of philosophers, based on the work on Locke and the Enlightenment and came up with some ideas and formulations that are designed in order to make it possible for us to live in society in a peaceful way, in a way that is consistent with human flourishing and individual human flourishing. But he can only see the world in terms of biology. He only sees the world and he is writing a book about Homo sapiens, the characteristic of Homo sapiens. What makes us Homo sapiens, what makes us different from any other animal is not a biology. No, it's language and communication. No, it's not even language and communication because those are only the consequences. You can't communicate unless you think. You can't have language unless your mind is trying to integrate different concrete into a concept. The fundamental is thinking. Thinking, it's observing, it's awareness of the world that they're integrating the observations, forming concepts, and then integrating those concepts into higher concepts. It's using your mind, using logic. And that is not biology. That is something our consciousness does. How it does it exactly, we don't exactly know. This is part of neuroscience, doesn't yet know exactly how we do it. But we know we control it. This is where free will steps in. And again, something I think Harari rejects and I've seen him rejected in other articles he's written. We control it. We can, you know, we're fallible because we can make mistakes because we can make mistakes in how we control it and how we use our reason and how we use our rational faculty. So Harari is here imposing a materialism, a biological determinism on a declaration of dependence which is a massive achievement of conceptual thinking, a free will of man's at his best, at his highest. And he wants to bring us down to the level of chimpanzees. And it's true. Chimpanzees just have organs. So chimpanzees don't have rights and chimpanzees can conceive of rights and chimpanzees can conceive of political equality. And all of this is, you know, for them, for chimpanzees, irrelevant and true. But we're not chimpanzees. We're homo sapiens, which he should know. Daryl, we're running out of time and it's been amazing talking with you. This is fun. All this, all these subjects that I think that our audience is going to have more questions than... Well, we're going to have to do this again and have to do it more often. Maybe, you know, maybe we should do this regularly. Yes, yes. It's a blast to talk to you. We should do more, more, more shows like this and I hope you enjoyed it and you guys also enjoyed it. And at the end, I think that there's also something that Harari says at the end and he says, well, humanity has to come up with with all this technology and all this wealth. What do we want to want? This is one of his last sentences in one chapter. And I agree with that. What do we want to want? Where are we going to go from here as humanity when we have all this material wealth? We're living all those many, to so many years, but if we don't have the right philosophy, what's the purpose of it all, right? In many respects, in the Declaration of Independence, this is such a wonderful document, what we want is to be happy. What we want is the opportunity, the freedom to be happy. There is nothing beyond that. There is nothing that we want more than having a meaningful life, a fulfilling life, a flourishing life, the best life that you as an individual can want. And it's not what humanity wants. It's what you want and what I want and what individual wants. And there's nothing beyond happiness. There's no greater good. There's no, you know, there's no God out there that we have to sacrifice to. There's no race that we have to promote. There's no happiness. You know, you have one shot at living on this earth. You have one attempt at this. It's individual happiness and choosing the right values and choosing the right philosophy to make that happiness a reality in your life. Now, if someone could look from a giant telescope, all of planet Earth and the 7 billion people of us, like we're little ants, it is undeniable that it's always a minority. The minority of us is striving for freedom, looking for reasonable answers, stepping away from dogmas. It looks like in the great scale, the majority of us, and there was a Spanish philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset, he talked about the el hombre masa, the common man that it's with the masses, versus the unique man that even Anne Rand points out in her novels as an exception. So is it that all humanity strives for happiness and freedom? Or is it also something biologically in our species that only a few of us will strive for that? I don't think it's biological, and this is where free will is so important. I think it's a choice you make. It's a choice you make probably when you're quite young. It's a choice you make, am I going to get engaged with this world? Am I going to focus on reality? Am I going to use my mind? Or am I going to drift? And unfortunately, in the world in which we live, a lot of people choose to drift. A lot of people choose to follow. A lot of people choose not to think for themselves. And it's always been like that. It's always been like that. And I don't know as we move into the future if that percentage changes. I think it does, because there are a lot of cases where when we're young and we're thinking for ourselves, our parents shut us down, our teachers shut us down, the system shuts us down, the government shuts us down. And so I think there's certainly external motivations that can increase the amount of independent thinking. So I don't know what the percentage is at the end of the day. But this is also why what we do is so important. If it's true that a certain percentage of the population are followers, then who do they follow? They follow the intellectuals. They follow the people who speak up. They follow the people who have ideas and have philosophies. The fact is that in places like Latin America, almost all those people are real lefties, are real leftists, the intellectuals, the professors, the leaders, the people who are trying to move society forward. And if they're not, then they're religious conservatives, right? And that's all the options that they have. And part of all those ideologies discourage people from thinking for themselves. And I worry that Harawi and Pinkett, to some extent, discourage people from thinking for themselves because they're told they don't have free will. What we are doing is we're trying to find those gems that people are willing to think, are willing to be independent thinkers. And what we need to do is grow us. We need more intellectuals, more philosophers, more teachers, more professors. We need to replace the intellectual elite because then the intellectual elite determines the world. It determines the future. And as long as that's dominated by the left and religion, we're done. We have to kick them out. We have to replace them completely and replace them with rational people advocating for good ideas for individual freedom, advocating for the Declaration of Independence, what the Declaration of Independence really means, political freedom, individual rights, the pursuit of happiness, so egoism, all using the mind, all using our faculty of reason. Thank you very much, Jair. We're going to change the world. Little by little, one mind at a time. Yes.


Hello friends, welcome back to the channel, the 7 Star Terrarium Event for M-Poleon is now live in Scholar and Violet, we're gonna go over all of the details as well as the best builds for soloing this with in your game. So running from the 2nd of February as of recording this video and running over this weekend until the 4th of February, the M-Poleon Terrarium Event is now live in Scholar and Violet. It will be returning the following weekend from the 9th until the 11th of February for its 2nd phase in Scholar and Violet. Here are the details that we're gonna see, it is gonna be an Ice Territide Pokemon, it's gonna be level 100, it will have its ability competitive which is its hidden ability and it will have the Might Yes Mark, the moves it's gonna have access to are Surf, Flash Cannon, Ice Beam, Grass Knot, Snowscape are its additional moves alongside Blizzard and Iron Defense and it will have a modest nature, no held item and can only be called once per save file. Now once you've caught the M-Poleon it will drop a variety of good high cost items including large XL candies, you're gonna get Calciums, lots of Ice Terror Shards, you're gonna get TMs and the Chance of an Ability Patch and Ability Capsules as well as Bottle Caps, PP Ups and other high cost items. So it's a good raid to run through and farm for the items while the event is running like I say it will be running from the 2nd of February as of recording this video until the 4th for its 1st phase and returning on the 9th of February and running until the 11th for its 2nd phase before it goes away from Scarlet and Violet altogether. Now to access this event in your game you're gonna need to come to your Poker Portal, make sure you are online when you do this and then come down to Mystery Gifts and then check Poker Portal News. This will update all of the dens in Paldea. Now this event will only appear in Paldea on your maps if you have the DLC, don't try looking for it in Kidakami or in the Terrarium in the Blueberry Academy it will only appear there. So once you've found the den you're gonna head over to it and we'll go over the builds that we're gonna cover in today's video. So the first build is gonna be Mew. So Mew is gonna be a really good option. I realize that it is a mythical, it isn't something that everyone has available. It was a Mystery Gift Pokemon during the Mew 2-7 star turret so if you manage to get one during that event then great you've got one in game but we have got an alternative build if you haven't got a Mew but Mew is gonna be probably the quickest build to run through the Emporion with. So you want to have Mew at level 100, you want to make sure that you have hyper trained all of its IVs with bottle caps, make sure they're all set to 31. Its terror typing is gonna be fighting, it's gonna have the held item of a Shellbell and it will have the move set of Acid Spray, Nasty Plots, Kill Swap and Aura Sphere. The EV spread is gonna be 252 EVs in Special Attack and 252 EVs in Special Defense and it will have a modest nature with those remaining 6 EVs put into HP and that's gonna be the Mew build. Next up we're gonna have for those of you that don't have access to Mew, a Pokemon that everyone in Skull and Violet has access to and that is gonna be Vaporeon.  Make sure you do hyper train all of those IVs so they're set to 31. It will have the held item of a Shellbell so it's got a line of recovery throughout the raid. The ability is the big important thing on the Vaporeon, it will have the water absorber ability, the move set is gonna be Sunny Day, Calm Mind, Haze and Weather Ball. Now Weather Ball is a TM that you're gonna need access to as well. Haze is a level-up move, Calm Mind is a TM as well as Sunny Day. EV spread for this Vaporeon is gonna be 252 EVs in Special Attack, 252 EVs in Special Defense with a modest nature again and there's six remaining EVs put into HP. So the first thing you're gonna want to look for in the raid if you're coming in with the Vaporeon or the Mew or any other Pokemon is gonna be looking at the partner Pokemon. If you come into the raid and you see an Intimidator as your partnering Pokemon, probably best just to run from the raid and then we enter it trying to get different partnering Pokemon to the raid with Impoleon because this Intimidator as you're gonna see here from the Starrafter is gonna activate the competitive ability on the Impoleon and that's something that we don't want to have to contest with throughout the raid. It's gonna boost its special attack by two stages every time and it does take a stat drop and that's not something that we want to deal with because it will be hitting a lot harder throughout the raid than we really wanted to. At this point it's best here because the Starrafter you can see has been knocked out. It's gonna come onto the field again. It's gonna activate the competitive ability once again and if we do take a look at the Impoleon it's plus four at the start of the battle. We haven't even made a move yet so like I said in these situations it's best just to run away from the raid and re-enter it to try and get better partnering Pokemon. Okay so we've got no Intimidators on our side of the field partnering us so we're kind of good to progress here in this raid. Now turns here you're gonna see the Snowscape set up from the Impoleon. It's gonna summon the hail to the field for five turns and then it's gonna fire off a Blizzard as well. This is where the RNG can kind of catch you out a little bit where it can freeze you this turn. It does worth just resetting the raid and coming back into it but we get through it fine. Turn one normally is gonna look like this where we go for a sunny day and overwrite that Snowscape, take the hail away from the field and get the Sun onto the field and we are gonna take Grass Nuts from the Impoleon for these next few turns but what we're gonna concentrate on is just chasing the fact of being able to tracelize. So turn two gonna lock in with the Weatherball just start firing that off. It's also gonna heal us with our Shellbell item as well so it keeps us pretty healthy going forward. The thing that you need to keep an eye out for is the Impoleon stats. Make sure that it's not getting any competitive boost because your partnering Pokemon can kind of sneak in attacks that might lure the stats on the Impoleon making that competitive boost active and it will be hitting a lot harder so that will affect your ability in this early stage of the game to be able to kind of survive to get to the point to be able to tracelize because it is gonna rely on those Grass Nuts to do big super effective damage to you so if it has gotten a competitive boost at all, if it's taking any stat drops, get a plus two boost to its special attack those attacks are gonna hit a lot harder but basically like we're doing these next three turns after you've set the sunny day up is just clicking the Weatherball button. Basically what that does is the Sun on the field means Weatherball is a fire type attack which is great exactly what we want. Now you're gonna see the shield set up pretty early on from the Impoleon here and now we're waiting on it nullifying the stat changes and abilities on our side of the field. Now once you've seen that you're gonna be free to start calm minding. Now we're in a position to tracelize. I'm gonna click in with that calm mind. We do need to keep an eye on the Sun on the field as well so we to use Weatherball we're gonna need the Sun in effect so that's gonna take a turn to set up. This is why the Impoleon might be a bit slower than some of the other options that we have like the Mu but it is very consistent. Once you are tracelized first phase of this raid is kind of done and you're gonna be able to close this out. You're not gonna be taking very much damage from the Impoleon and it's just a race against the raid timer here so we're in a good position where we can probably get three calm minds up before we go for a next attack.  Like I say just keep an eye on the Impoleon it hasn't had that competitive boost and we have got the Sun in effect on the field. We haven't got it yet so that's something that we're gonna have to do before we do go for an attack but we can lock in like I say getting these calm minds up now and then getting the Sun up to go for an attack so we'll get three calm minds up. I don't want to get too greedy at this stage in the battle either because I think it will nullify our stats again at some stage. We don't want to kind of waste these turns where we're gonna have to just commit another three turns to get these calm minds up so this is the third calm mind that we're going for.  You can see if you do see a surf come out from the Impoleon it is just gonna heal you so that's a really nice aspect of the ability we have the water absorb on a Vaporeon and then we can lock in with that sunny day and get that set up that's gonna be an effect for five turns and now we're gonna be in a position where we can fire off these weather balls. You don't want to get too greedy like I say with calm minds because it will nullify our stats at some point and when we know the Impoleon is gonna be at 50% health it will nullify the stats on its side of the field, outside of the field again and it will set up an iron defense as well so that's the next thing we're gonna be looking out for but you can see the damage that we're doing is not too bad and we're gonna catch up with that raid timer as well and at this stage we're not taking any damage either we're not on any kind of danger of getting knocked out from the Impoleon it's just not going to be able to do very much at all so making sure you get the partnering Pokemon correct in this raid is quite important but also the kind of the early stage setups with the Vaporeon is important as well for this to get to this stage of the battle so you can find a close things out now another weather ball here will likely knock out that shield or will be very close to knocking it out as it is going to lock in with an ice beam and will once again just lock in with another weather ball just keeping an eye the whole time on the the sun and making sure it is in effect on the field because otherwise weather ball if there's no sun it will just be a normal type attack and it's not going to be hitting or super effective damage and that's kind of the thing that we want to avoid because we don't have turns to waste in this battle so you can see the Impoleon removing negative effects from its side of the field and it will probably nullify stat boosts on our side of the field right now as well so the shield breaking it's about that 50% health mark and we might know we're not going to be able to get another sneaky attack off there we go nullifies stats on our side of the field so we want to concentrate this stage going for those calm mines again and this is just going to be the next three turns where we just boost up our special attack and special defense so we can hit a little bit harder to close out this raid otherwise it's going to take us a little bit of time and we are like I say against the clock in this raid and the Vaporeon is pretty consistent like I just like the ability of it once it's sterilized it's not taking any damage from the Impoleon if it starts to get out of control with those competitive boosts for whatever reason if you're partnering Pokemon or activating the competitive ability you've got the hares there to fall back on so you can remove those but you can see the damage output from the Impoleon it's literally got nothing it can hit you for super effective damage with so we've got three calm mines set up now we can just check our stats and we want to get that sunny day active on the field again because that's faded now and then we're going to be in a position for the next five turns where we can just utilize the weather ball from this range should be enough to kind of pick up the knockout but we'll be able to see what it looks like going forward the only caveat I guess to this would be the flash cannon if it does revert to using it it can lower your special defense by one stage as a kind of side effect to that so that's something just to keep in mind can weaken you but you've got the calm mine to negate that as well so you can see here at plus three we're doing more than enough damage and two more of these is going to be more than enough to take down this Impoleon and honestly the fact that input the Viporion is available to everyone in the game it's in the base games you're going to be able to put this build together no matter what stage of the game you're coming into you're going to have an easy time dealing with the Impoleon with this specific build maybe one more maybe two more might be enough to to get it depends if opponent pokemon can get that little bit of extra chip damage but like I say with the Viporion build you're not going to have any issues dealing with the the Impoleon over this weekend and you can run through it to farm for the high cost items but I do feel like probably the best option maybe a little bit more reliable than the Mew but it's as easy as that if you just follow the steps and some of the tips that I've said throughout this raid battle here with the Impola and you're going to have no trouble at all dealing with it with this Viporion farming it if you want to do that throughout this weekend if you've used the Viporion over this weekend to take down the Impoleon do let me know down in the comment section below I think it's a really unique build and definitely one that I've had a lot of fun playing with especially on stream before we've done this video tonight after the raid went live but as you can see as easy as that to take down then you're going to get all of the nice item drops lots of candies and things like that which is always useful in the game for the Mew also when you come into the Impoleon it's pretty important to take note of the partnering Pokemon that you've got next to you if there is an Intimidate user again just come out of the raid and come back into it to have preferable partnering Pokemon again on turn zero it's going to go for the Snowscape and then the Blizzard and then hit into you unfortunately there we do take a critical hit which may affect us but the turn one if you are going forward with this is to just go for a skill swap onto this Impoleon and take that competitive ability away from it so it doesn't have the ability to have those stats boosted freely throughout the raid when you're trying to conduct your setup I'm going to take a bit of damage but the first things that you're going to want to do in this raid is chase your tracelization get these acid sprays off it's likely throughout this setup you're going to get knocked out you may be able to get through this this setup here getting these three acid sprays off and not be knocked out which is great but there's a lot of the the chances are that you're going to be knocked out through this process but that's super fine don't worry about that at all you want to just continue going for these acid sprays it's going to reduce the special defense on the Impoleon by two stages every time you use it and it'll work through the shield as well so you really want to reduce these special defense down as much as possible and at the same time while you're using these acid sprays it is ticking down your tracelization counter now because of that critical hit that we took earlier on you're going to get knocked out likelihood is you're not going to be in the same position as what we are right here so you probably be able to get the third acid spray off the next turn and not have this five second penalty but after you've got that third one off it's likely the Impoleon going to set up a shield pretty early on in this raid like I say if you're in a similar position to what we are here next acid spray that we go for to get those three off to get it down to minus six special defense we'll still work through the shield so that's super fine so we'll get that last acid spray off here and then because we're in a good healthy position as well we can probably concentrate down this next turn ongoing for these nasty plots now something to bear in mind if you do get knocked out you will lose the competitive ability you did skill swap off the Impoleon earlier but that's super fine it's not something you need to rely on in this raid now we take an attack there and we're going to start getting these nasty plots boosted up on our side of the field good to try and wait for when it nullifies the stat boost on your side of the field but we're running a bit low on health and that's a big thing to keep in mind with the mew once you do to rastalize you want to keep an eye on your health you want to make sure that you are getting attacks off at the right time so you aren't getting to the position where you can potentially be knocked out that is going to be a big caveat to this raid so getting the nasty plot off we've got one off so we're plus two special attack and the Impoleon is minus six special defense so this should do good damage once we have to rastalize so locking in with that you can see good damage going to get us a nice bunch of health recovery as well through that shell belt item and we're getting close to knocking out that shield so we're in a position now where we can just start really cutting through get rid of the shield and then concentrate on the rest of the battle here to close this out as quick as possible now it's nullified the stat changes on our side of the field to taking away that nasty plot boost so we can spend a turn going for another nasty plot getting ourselves back up to plus two and maybe if you've got room go for another one after this where we can get to plus four but it does depend on the damage you've taken up to this point in the battle so we're pretty comfortable at this stage we'll go for another one here this will put us to plus four doesn't mean that we're going to be able to remove this shield this next turn or if we've got room i think you just have to judge it as the raid's going on and go for another nasty plot but just bear in mind you don't want to get yourself knocked out and lose trastalization and if you get a turn like this where you do get frozen that's not ideal you're going to have to rely on the heal cheer here because freeze is the one thing that will affect you throughout the raid and it's going to stop you in your tracks and you don't want to risk getting knocked out like i say just go for the heal cheer you've got three of them to spare it's going to be something where rng can happen throughout the raid but you can kind of get around that with the heal cheer so you just do that you get frozen twice in a row you're going to have to use another heal cheer i can't believe this the rng is super bad so your rng is not going to be this bad but i guess it's a good example to show if your rng is pretty bad you can still get around this in the raid by just having to go for another heal cheer you're not going to need to rely on these too much we're still plus four special attack the impoleons minus six special defense as long as we get through this turn surf thankfully can't freeze us but it does nullify stats and abilities on our side of the field so we haven't got those boosts anymore so we're going to have to go for another nasty plot here so you can get bad rng where it's going to slow you down slightly and you can see we're racing against the time now with the raid timer but we should be all right after this where we'll be able to take at least one more hit and get a nasty plot up or we can start getting some health back and then cutting through this impoleon but like i say if your rng is really bad throughout the raid it is going to be tricky but most of the time you're going to have not as bad rng as what we've had and you're going to be able to start cutting through it now a plus four with a special attack it's minus six we can do some damage we're going to recover all that health lost so the mew pretty good consistent even if you're getting bad rng you're still going to be able to do the raid in pretty decent time but it's not as good as probably the vaporion after you've got that tracelization set up where you're no danger of ever getting knocked out the mew is in danger of getting knocked out throughout this raid which is a little bit of a scary prospect as well especially if you can see something like the competitive ability before you're able to skill swap or getting activated or anything like that but at this stage now we're going to be in a good point just to get it into hits so you can see with those plus four special attack boosts that we've got two nasty pop boosts and then all of their special defense boosts that the impoleon's taking it's going to be pretty easy it has nullified the stat drops on its side of the field now of course it does that at 50 health so we can go for an acid spray and then the next turn is probably going to be in range for a aura sphere to pick it up so we'll be fine but I mean we've had absolutely horrendous rng throughout this raid and we've still done it in pretty good time so the mew is a very good option but you can have some bad rng I think this raid is probably one of the most rng dependent raids that we've had in seven star raids totally that we've we've seen in Scotland Violet so very temperamental but with the two builds that we've got in this video you're going to have no trouble taking on the impoleon I'm going to have to have some very very bad luck not to be able to beat it in your game but once you've done it like I say you're going to get all these rewards and the two builds that we've covered today the mew and the vaporion which ever one you use are going to be very good at taking down this impoleon farming through over the weekend and making sure that you can catch it while this event is available so friends that is everything for today I hope you found the mew and the vaporion builds helpful all the details as always for the builds will be down in the description if you want to take a look at them after the video if you've used these builds do let me know down in the comment section below which one is your favorite or which one you have used to beat the impoleon if you've got another build that you've been successful with do let me know as well share it and we'll be able to share it within the community to make it easier for everyone to be able to beat the impoleon as the event goes live over this weekend very crazy raid but a very fun one all the same and I just love the vaporion builds so I would love to hear what you think I hope you found the video useful if you have please drop a like do subscribe to the channel to stay up to date with our pokemon skull and violet content I'll see you all in another video very soon so until then friends take care of yourselves and bye


Hi people, welcome to my channel, I am Arpita Karwa and wish you all a very, very happy Valentine's Day. I know that most of you are aware of the fact that Arpita Karwa has this strong bond with Valentine's Day. Valentine's Day is very dear to her heart and all of you must be having this question in your head that why is it so? Is that Arpita has fallen in love a lot of times and have experienced a very different romantic kind of Valentine's Day celebration. So for those of you who are having these questions in mind, I would like to answer all of these questions in this video. So I have never actually fallen in love but from very beginning I felt that Valentine's Day is a very beautiful day. It's a day when we celebrate love, affection and a bond that makes two people stay together. I know that most of you have these ideas in their mind that Valentine's Day is very cliche and it's very overrated. Why do we need a day to celebrate love? We should celebrate love for 365 days but I believe that Valentine's Day gives you an opportunity to celebrate love and to express love in the most meaningful manner. So it can be your love for anybody, for that watchman who smiles at you every morning when you go to your school or to your office or that love which is reflected in the person who offers you coffee.  So all those small, small memories that we have which we neglect is what we should appreciate and acknowledge on this day. So obviously there are people who love us with all their heart, our parents, our friends, our romantic partner but then there are people who love you but we still never appreciate their love, we never reciprocate their love and that is the reason why I decided to launch ArpitaKarwa.com on the Valentine's Day itself. So I wanted to start a platform which can rekindle love for books and literature in the hearts of millions of people across the world and today with a big smile on my face I can say that ArpitaKarwa.com has successfully completed two years.  I know that I don't share my personal life with all of you and you are very upset with this fact but in this video I am going to go a little more personal and I am going to talk about those special people in my life who made this possible and without whom I could never have reached the place I have reached. So when I think about ArpitaKarwa.com the first thing that comes into my mind is the ever shining love of Almighty God. I have always been a big believer in God and I believe that it is with his power, it is with his blessing that we are able to achieve so much so if you have faith in him you can sail through any storm in your life and that is what his faith has done to me. By the grace of Almighty God ArpitaKarwa.com this YouTube channel is growing so much. We are embracing so many good values every day and we are achieving more than I could have ever thought of. So before anybody I would just like to bow down to that universal power who has been with me through this journey and I am sure that you know he is going to sail me through. Next in line is of course I am going to talk about my parents, mom, dad and my little sweet brother.  She has been that yardstick according to whom I match my performance. So her aspirations, her dreams, her everyday routine has revolved around two of us, me and my brother and I know that it is her efforts because of which I am able to concentrate on my business so much. I am able to only focus on the things that I have to achieve. Not thinking about what I have to do, if my clothes are ready, if the food is cooked, if I am eating well, everything. Each and everything is taken care by my mother. My dad has been my financial advisor, he has been the person who has led the accounts team, the legal department and I can neglect everything if he has his hands on those things because he is so good at it. If he is properly preparing the balance sheets and the reports then I cannot find a single fault in his decisions because he is so good at it. So all my managerial skills and all these skills because of which you guys love my teaching it is because of his genetics. So it is not me, it is him that you should appreciate. And my little brother has been that person who has stood by me through every thick and thin. Whatever has happened in my life, he is the person I am going to discuss with and he is the person I am most attached to in my life. So whatever is happening in my life, he is the one who I go to, I weep, I cry, I laugh and it is always with him. So thank you so much for making this venture possible. Mom, dad, my brother, you guys have been amazing and what you have done to me, I cannot even think that any other parents could have done to their child. I have been in an atmosphere where you guys have kindled love for literature, love for books. You guys have allowed me to follow my passion uninterruptedly.  No, nothing. If you are doing your business, do it. We are going to take care of everything else. Just do what makes you happy. Thank you for allowing me and giving me that freedom to live the life of my dreams. Next in line to thank is my team that is the team that supports and takes ArpitaKarwa.com to extraordinary heights. So I want to thank all my technical team people, my management team people, my video editors who have done some fabulous works and who have actually made me believe in what teamwork actually is. So I would just like to say that this is a day when we all collectively celebrate our passion for work, our dedication and our vision to always deliver perfection. Next I would like to thank each of you and all my online course students because it is because of your love and good wishes that this organization is taking new heights and is achieving that zenith of success with each passing day. So I am so, so, so happy and I take extreme pride in telling that I have the most extraordinary students and these students have dreams and aspirations that we would love to support them into. And these people they have been fabulous, fantastic and enormous in the way they have supported me, they have understood me and they have produced results. So I love all of you, each one of you and I would just like to say a big thank you for believing in me and for taking this channel to all together new heights. Last year when I was celebrating one year of HarpataKarwa.com I started another platform which was by the name counselingthose.com. It was a platform which was made to help all the students who are going through a stressful time in their life who are either facing any problem in their family, relationship, friend circle they are not able to understand how to prepare, how to formulate a timetable if they are going through exam stress, anxiety. So we created a free platform where we had counselors who were helping all our students free of cost so that they can achieve their goals, their targets and live a stress free happy life and I would just like to congratulate all my counselors for doing a fabulous job because we have received tons of feedbacks and reports where students reported that we have achieved so much in our life just because there was a person who could guide us in the right way. So we have helped thousands of students in past one year free of cost in helping them become a better person, living a more happy and meaningful life taking them away from the depression, suicidal tendencies or maybe making them more responsible as an individual. So thank you so much for believing in our counselors team and for sharing your feedback and reports. This year I want to celebrate the second anniversary of arpitakarwa.com by having some fun and frolic because we had a lot of serious talk and it's time for celebration so I want to celebrate it with each one of you. So this time as a means to celebrate I have started some fun contest on my social media platforms on Facebook, Instagram, Telegram so there are some really really fun questions, fun quizzes, fun contest waiting for you and we would love to see your love and support there. So it is basically contest where you're going to see few questions about me you have to tell me how much you know me after that after that you've subscribed me and been with me from past two years so I want to see how much we both know each other. Also there are contest about books, literature, then there are contest about my pictures captioning them so a lot of fun and frolic is happening on all these social media platforms so just go to my social media pages and showcase your love, participate in the contest and let us see who wins them because we have a lot of winners and we have some amazing prizes for these winners so make sure that you participate with full energy. So finally I would just like to summarize by saying thank you to each one of you for the overflowing love and affection you guys have given and thank you so much for having faith in us, for making us what we are today thank you so much for showing your respect, showing so much confidence in my teaching methodologies and I love you for that and I will be eternally grateful to each one of you for the kind of support you guys have given me in the past two years. So with that note I would like to take your leave before I meet you in my next video I want to see you on my social media platform, on my Facebook and my Instagram pages so that we can have some fun and we can play some games together and we can know each other better. So with that note I take your leave, thank you so much once again that's it for this video lecture, we will meet you very soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next, happy learning, keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpitakarwa.com


The regulatory mechanisms by which hydrogen peroxide H2O2 modulates the activity of transcription factors in different organisms are reviewed. H2O2 triggers multiple sensors and pathways that converge in the regulation of transcription factors at several levels, including synthesis, stability, cytoplasm nuclear traffic, DNA binding, and nuclear transactivation. The complexity of regulatory networks increases throughout the phylogenetic tree, with mammalians having a high level of complexity. H2O2 biological specificity results from diverse-style protein sensors with different reactivity towards H2O2 and localized production and removal controlled by signals. Quantitative data concerning H2O2 reactivity with sensor molecules can be extracted from typical experiments with rate constants estimated for the reaction of H2O2 with KAP1 and an unknown target that mediates an RF2 protein synthesis. The multitude of H2O2 targets and mechanisms provides an opportunity for highly specific effects on gene regulation that depend on the cell type and signals received from the cellular microenvironment. This article was authored by H. Susanna Marineho, Carla Reel, Louisa Cern and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


headline news update. Welcome folks we have the Dow industrials trading down five forty four Nasdaq is off two oh seven you have the S&P's right now down sixty two that's a down draft folks are approximately one point three percent the Nasdaq one point four in the S&P's and one point five in the Dow industrials gold gold contract down fourteen dollars twenty cents trading seventeen ninety we have silver off twenty three cents twenty two dollars twenty seven cents an ounce light sweet crude down two sixty three sixty eight twenty three notes and bonds a ten year note down one at one thirty one oh four the thirty year off twenty one at one sixty one twenty nine and king dollar king dollars down twenty six straight and it's ninety six five forty three Euro out here at one twelve yen is at one thirteen and a half and the British pounds at one thirty two to one US dollar we get over and take a look at the spy and what you have out here folks bottom line you're into the lower end of the consolidation you got light volume and I suspect what you're going to see here is a rejection of lower price we're still going to bang around meaning going higher and the next week week and a half that's how this thing's shaking out with the spy get down to four fifty one today your swing point is four forty eight down there we had a hundred thirty seven million shares traded only at sixty six so bottom line that's a rejection of lower price I think this thing's going to bang around again and move higher and the X one hundred there's a little trickier the N. D. X. but the bottom line is that the selling is subsided somewhat as it got down to the lower end of its consolidation the bottom line the lower end of the consolidation in the N. D. X. one hundred is three seventy eight ninety we hit three seventy seven forty seven it was coming it's coming into that with forty six million shares versus a hundred and five million you can see that that's not enough downward pressure volume wise in order to crack this baby what you do have with the N. D. X. one hundred however is that you are now in the lower range the lower range being anything inside three to two seventy seven puts game on for that three fifty number my take is three fifties coming at us that being said though I expect you to go higher once again before we pull back I know pretty wild and gold gold contract out here we have a gold the February gold contract you down thirteen sixty it's right in seventeen ninety one we're backing down out here and you're backing down with really light volume we're ninety seven thousand contracts out here as we went up on Thursday and Friday went up with a hundred sixty eight thousand contracts and a hundred fifty seven that's the way that you like to back down stay right there folks come right back


We were talking about this a little bit last week. You have some history in owning a racehorse, right? You are part owner of a horse named Gronkowski and a champion almost, right? Finished second at the 2018 Belmont Stakes. What was the biggest takeaway or thing you learned about being part of that world? Yeah, yeah. So someone named the horse after myself and then just kept winning. And then eventually they got in contact with me because I saw this horse all over the place. So then they got in contact with me and we kind of struck a deal where I was part of the horse, part owner of the horse. So then I went to the Belmont race and checked out the horse. And let me tell you, Gronkowski, when he went out of the blocks, he tripped and fell and stumbled. And he was about 10 yards behind all the other horses at the Belmont. So it was kind of like weird because everyone, all the eyes were on the horse, Gronkowski, you know, they had all this hype that it was gonna be top five in the race. All that people were putting bets on. And it just was kind of like embarrassing. Everyone was looking at us at the Belmont, like, yo, your horse is awful. It's already 10 yards behind. But then all of a sudden it put the jet burners on and just started going by every single horse, catching up. And it barely missed first place. It took second place in the Belmont race and missed first by like that much, by just like a half, half of a foot. And it was one of the most amazing comebacks I've ever seen in that world in the horse racing and just the thrill of just being there just was wild.  And then all of a sudden to like, my dolphins were just flowing and I was jumping up and down in the bleachers just going absolutely crazy. I didn't know that that happened, that's wild. And do we know where Gronkowski is now? As I'm learning about the Derby Gronk, I did not know like, when these horses do their thing and then they retire and they hang it up, like they don't go and make deals with Fandall and do Super Bowl halftime kicks. Like they go to like a stud farm and they just like have women girl horses brought to them. It's crazy, this life of, it's called studying. I'm not kidding. Yes, that is pretty nice. I've heard about that as well, especially with a horse that wins a race. And then they want to start out that horse right away, which is pretty wild to me, that's for sure. But I'm not saying I was happy to hear where the horse Gronkowski is right now, but let me tell you, he was a stud. So I'm sure he's studying out right now as well as me. Okay, we have the Derby. You're not going, we're going to have some fun because this is huge news. Fandall is crushing it right now. And you can get it on the action with Fandall. It is the first and the only sports book app where you can bet the Derby. So to celebrate, everybody thought we could play a little bit of a game to test your Kentucky Derby knowledge. It's called a horse name or a nickname. I'm going to give you a name. You tell me whether you think it's the name of an actual race horse or a nickname of a famous sports figure. This should be easy peasy. First up, Hot Rod Charlie. Oh, that's a nickname. Too long to be a horse name. It is a horse. He's still racing. He's not a stud farm guy, but he recently run the Lucas Classic Steaks back in October. One wrong, Night Train. Oh, Night Train. Oh, that's a horse name. That is a Hall of Fame corner, given the nickname as a rookie with the L.A. Rams back in 1952 because he loved dancing to a song called Night Train in the locker room. Night Train, all right. Boom Boom. That's a nickname. Boom Boom is a nickname, a former, no, no, it's an athlete, former WBA lightweight champion of the world and a friend of Bob Stoops, apparently. Okay, how about the next one? What is it? Lemon Drop Kid. All right, this is tough because I don't really know any horse's names out there and also every nickname is from a player from, like, 1942. Yeah, it's not, I don't make rules. So whoever made the rules, it was kind of unfair, but that's okay, I'm here to play. This is a horse name, Lemon Drop Kid. That is a Belmont Steaks winner. The 26-year-old is currently enjoying retirement. Having a good time over at Lane's End Farm in Kentucky. All right, we're back on track here. How about this one? Smarty Jones. Oh, I'm a Smarty Pan, so it's gotta be a nickname. It's a nickname, not a horse name. No, it is a horse name. He won the Derby and the Preakness, second in the Belmont. Okay, next one we got two more to get to here. Next one, nickname or horse name? Jumbo. Horse name. It is John Jumbo Elliott. Who played for the Giants and the Jets in 88. Okay, that's not too long ago. Super Bowl champ. Never heard of him. Left tackle, he's known for catching the game tying touchdown pass for the Jets during the Monday Night Miracle. Okay, respectfully. Last one, big truck, horse or nickname? Big truck. That's a horse name. He raced in the 2008 Kentucky Derby. He finished 18th, that's not great, 18th in the Kentucky Derby that year. All right, you got a score of what is it? How many did you get right? You got a score of four, what? Yeah, four out of what, eight? I don't know. Those were hard. Yeah, that was hard. Four out of seven, you know it's not hard hanging out over at Fandle Sportsbook. Remember everybody, Fandle, the first and only sportsbook app where you can bet the Derby. Lots of fun going on with Gronk who's not on a stud farm, who does not yet have kids, but one day may in fact coach them. Gronk, we love you, thank you. Yes, thank you guys. Appreciate you, we'll be back. We are gonna introduce you to Marvin Mims Jr. He's never been on the show, yet so we're excited to have him and we will do it.


When we talk about rebellion, we're usually talking about thought that is couched against the supposed rationality of the great revolutions of the modern era. And we've talked about the Iranian revolution as the latest of all of them, but the Iranian revolution was preceded by great revolutions in other countries in the northern hemisphere. And today we want to have a look at the English revolution of the 17th century, we want to have a look at the French and the American revolutions of the 18th century, and a brief look at the revolutions of the early 20th century, that is those in Russia and in China. Starting with the English revolution, although it's questionable whether it was a revolution in the same sense as the others. Certainly the king was overthrown, certainly the king was put on trial and executed, and at that point in time in the 1700s this was certainly a very revolutionary thing to do. This idea of regicide was greeted with great shock throughout all of Europe. But the English Civil War from 1642 to 1651, a civil war that had three distinct phases and which finally wound up with the capture and the execution of the king, was a time when there was a huge amount of debate. And I think that it is that debate that sets the scene for the revolutions that followed after it. So not so much what the English revolution accomplished, but what it began to think about. Of course you had great poetic manifestations of this kind of thought.  This kind of heroism which inflected and infected the idea of rebellion was certainly something that was carried forward way beyond the 17th century. But the debates in England at that point in time, those conducted by people like Wyn Stanley, those conducted by groups called the levelers, in which a demand for equality of all people was put forward.  So this was taken forward as a foundation which germinated other aspects of rebellion in other countries. Now I'm thinking very, very much that the key and fundamental aspect of the English Revolution, which has remained to this day, is the demand that there can be no king that is not answerable to Parliament. In other words, the idea of the constitutional monarchy was put into the frame in the English Revolution. But later revolutions wanted to get rid of the king entirely. This was the case very, very much in France, where you had the rising up of the French people, the so-called mob of Paris in 1789. And there you had the putting of the king on trial. You had an attempt to overcome not only autocratic rule by a monarchical figure, but an entire ancien régime, all of its artifacts, its manifestations and the role of the church, even the way the calendar was conducted and the idea that citizens could take forward their own government. The idea of citizenship, that is that the subject actually had rights against the state as a citizen, not only owing loyalty to any kind of government, but the government also having obligations towards the citizens and the transaction between government and citizens being something dynamic onward going and constantly interrogated and renewed, that I think was the key and fundamental legacy of the French Revolution. And to that extent, I think that the French Revolution left behind it a legacy greater than the American Revolution. Don't forget that the American Revolution, so-called of 1776, was not completed at that point in time. It took until 1791, for instance, before the Bill of Rights was agreed. And even with the agreement of the Bill of Rights, then it took many, many years, right up until very recently, before there was a genuine democratic equality in the United States. You're looking, for instance, at a lack of progress towards suffrage or the right to vote for women. That did not come until quite late in the 19th century. You had a great deal of difficulty in securing full democratic rights for black people. That took the civil rights movement of the 1960s and early 1970s to accomplish. People in the District of Columbia could not vote in presidential elections until as late as 1961. And Native Red Americans had their rights denied for a long time until in the middle of the 20th century. So the incompleteness of the American Revolution does lend the suggestion that a very great deal of what we associate with it was rhetorical, still having to be fought out in very, very recent times. The very great violence in the 20th century, however, that accompanied the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution of 1949, these were hallmarks of revolution that we now associate with technocratic means of overthrow. Here you're now talking about modern weaponry. You're now talking about modern forms of organization. And you're now talking about modern forms of ideology that talk about things like material production, about industrial foundations to wealth, and the need to distribute that industrialized wealth. The revolutions of the 20th century are thoroughly modern ones, notwithstanding the fact that the Chinese Revolution was located for the most part in the countryside. But the prize was the capture of the cities and of the engines for the production of wealth. What you saw, however, in both revolutions were critical differences. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the Bolshevik Party, regarding itself as a vanguard party, was, in fact, in itself an elitist movement. It claimed to speak for the people but because the people could not speak freely and in an organized way of themselves, then the vanguard spoke for them. In a way, in Russia, the vanguard never stopped speaking for the people and the party became more powerful. It may have been Marx's intention for the state to wither away, but the party itself showed no signs of withering away until after 1989. In China, the party has not withered away at all. It certainly transformed itself, still very much in power, however. It's transformed itself into a capitalist engine of growth. The socialist ideals are there only in rhetorical terms, but here you can say there was a revolution that fundamentally transformed a country, a vast country, a country with thousands of years of recorded history and in those thousands of years of recorded history, not one era until the modern era where there was the idea of equality, the idea that there was not simply a hierarchy in society but there could be the possibility, at least in ideology and in rhetoric, of a flat line equality where everyone had the same rights. Of course, in actual practice, the Communist Party remains very, very much a superior organ in Chinese society. It will take a long time for its hegemony to be eroded, but the breakthrough in thought behind the Chinese revolution was something very revolutionary in terms of the totality of Chinese history. In Russia, you had at least some association with the currents of thought in the rest of Europe. In the American and French revolutions you had a curious transatlantic commerce in thought, someone like Thomas Paine transacted the revolutions in both countries, crossing the Atlantic to be a proselytizer of change in both the United States and in France. And of course, they drew on the ideas of the English Revolution, of the possibility of major reform, of equality, and of the possibility of governments that were answerable to the people. What I think is now missing in the Chinese state accomplished by revolutionary means is, of course, that latter-day answerability to the people.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. With 40 years of being in the hearing care industry, you'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. The Archer Park Pool has officially opened for their 2023 season. The pool features a concession stand, diving boards, and plenty of chairs to sit poolside. The Archer Park Pool has been a staple for summer activities here forever. Ritchie Schoolcraft Superintendent and All Park Personnel take a lot of pride in getting it ready. It's inspected every year. It's a great opportunity for people to get out, enjoy the weather, and cool off. So we're excited to be able to keep it open. I know there's a lot of pools that have run the difficulty. Fortunately, we have not run those problems, and we owe it by nothing more than the pride our personnel takes into it. Admission to the pool is $5 for adults and $4 for kids 12 and under. Season passes are also available. Well, you know, you get down here in the summertime, it's hot, and you know as well as I do, it may be cool one day, hot the next. That water is always comfortable. And it gives them the opportunity to come in here, they can enjoy it. We have two smaller pools. We have a kiddie pool. We have a sort of a toddler pool.  Have a couple of diving boards. So people have an opportunity to come here and enjoy the water in a controlled atmosphere with lifeguards on duty. And our lifeguards are trained yearly, so we're excited to be able to have enough personnel. And a lot of pools have had issues finding lifeguards. Fortunately, we did not have that problem this year. For more information and hours of operation, go to Prestonsburg Parks on Facebook. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.