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Trade what you see with Larry Pezzavento Call now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> now Larry Pezzavento okay looking good Billy Ray feeling good Louis's welcome to the offices of Duke and Duke 100 South Broad Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania on the second floor I am going to talk to you about the stock market today folks I sent a video out to all the people that follow me both of them and what I said was we have probably the most very scenario that I have seen since January of 2021 folks I posted the chart here of the E-mini S&P and you can see here we've hit the 61% retracement from the high in January of that year three times you can see the perfect symmetry here between lows and highs it's 27 up days just absolutely as about as neat as you can possibly get and the second thing is if you look at the secondary high this is also gone right up to where it should have stopped it's either today or tomorrow that's 27 days at that ends up today now as you know we've had Norm Winsky on on Monday we had Tim bossed on yesterday today we have Jeff huge Tim bossed and of course Norm Winsky do the astro stuff and they tell us about this big solar eclipse that is here with the new moon and we also have mercury in this in the in the wheelhouse here we also have Jupiter these are very very rare things that do not happen very often Norman pointed out that 10 out of 10 times this has caused a correction in the market sometimes a severe correction Tim boss pointed out the same type of thing does that mean it's going to happen no the very first thing I did when I did this video last night I said this is where you've got to be the most careful because when I come out and say something like this I'm only right about 60% of the time and this could be one of those things I'm going to show you a couple things that might be telling us that we're wrong but we're going to see what it is right now what I did do I didn't sell the S&P I sold the weakest of the three stock indices which happens to be the Russell because it's been in a tremendous bear market the rally we've had here has not exceeded the 382 retracement from the high of December 18 months ago and so that's why I'm looking at it that way okay so that's the other thing the second thing is that we we I'm not going to go into that secondary thing because that's trade is working and I should probably shut up and not say anymore about it but anyway let's move on to a couple of things that I wanted to mention to you we've had an order here I'm going to explain someone asked me to explain why I was various the gold up at the 2060 level and I did that three four times on here but I'm going to show you the same pattern upside down okay this is the same pattern that was in the gold only it's upside down you see this big black line here that's a 1.618 expansion Bryce Gilmore taught me a lot of things during the times used to come to the Pismo Beach House this was the most important in my opinion because it tells you that you're at the end of the line the truck stops here you know you can't pass the buck any farther than where you are right now we've been waiting for seven days to buy the hogs at 85 10 today they opened lower it went down to 84 80 the 1.618 expansion on that move are you looking at that folks that move took seven months to complete and it hit that number it all within 10 points it went 10 points below it and immediately rallied $1,200 today it's given a little bit of a back but it's still up strongly on the day so that's telling us that this thing is acting actually pretty good so what you do in a case like that is you make your first profit objective which was you know $1,000 you put your stop at break even on the second part but let me explain to you why the 1.618 is so very very important this comes out this is what you're going to be looking at here now is a spiral mirror ballast also known as the Fibonacci spiral what is important about this now this is expanded of course you can see the pyramid triangle right in here like that the Asasoli's triangle but if you look at this you see how it goes around this is where the 1.618 expansion stops right here it starts in here and makes this spiral just like this and goes around and around and it gets to that point that's why that's important the mathematics behind that which is really simple it's addition subtraction multiplication and division is shown in the chambered Nautilus the Ammonite that's we have those usually come from Madagascar Sarah and I collect them and they're really spectacular because I have I think I have four of them on my desk here but you can see this is the same Fibonacci spiral that you have through here and this is the square just right out of Pythagoras Pythagorean at there that shows the five eights and three eights and all that stuff and that's what we're trying to do and when we put these things together on a price chart that tells us that we're at a spot where may it may work and it may not work and that that's all you have to all you have to try to remember now let me show you why I think we could possibly be wrong in the stock market and this one's I've been talking about this one for quite some time but this is a pattern that worked very well for about a week but it didn't it didn't work over the last several days look what's happened to Apple folks remember that magic number of 66 166 a share we hit 167 today and not only that the perfect timing that was here which happened last week on a Friday is now broken it's gone to the upside now we haven't matched the exact ratio yet and maybe this is a false breakout but that's that's number one okay now the second thing that could be happening that I all I think is I could be wrong by a few days I don't think I'm wrong eventually but by Friday I think I'll be proven right but again I could be wrong right now it looks okay but okay it only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades let's move up here and take a look at the next one that I wanted to look at which is the I think it is the Dow Jones Transportation because I watch that because that's really a big thing and the economy also Stan Harley pointed that out to us yesterday now if you'll notice here you can see the beautiful ABCD patterns here there's your ABCD at the top there's your ABCD at the bottom we're right at the 61 percent retracement yesterday and we close lower and look at this we're coming right back to it again that means we could continue going higher this would tell us this market is not going to top until Thursday Friday or even possibly Monday that's the timing factor that you have to look at so I hope that makes sense of what I'm looking at because I am being very careful right now we're in a break-even situation but you know that could easily change and we could lose and go on to the next one and that's all you really have to do now I had more people ask me in the last two or three days about the astral stuff because I have these folks on as guests and I respect everything they do and I've written some books on astrology that give me some ideas but the astrology stuff that takes second place to the pattern recognition folks because that that's how I make my living you know you can't you can't put an order in saying you know buy on when Venus squares Uranus they ain't going to take that so I'm going to go through this when we come back eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight currencies commodities and bond markets are as important as ever right now with how they're driving the volatility in equity markets across the globe which is why it's a great time to try out teddy keg stats tiger forex report teddy keg stat breaks down the forex markets every monday using his 30 plus years of experience as a trading veteran of futures forex stocks and options teddy releases his weekly tiger forex report every monday morning with coverage of all the major currency pairs including the dollar index the euro dollar pound dollar dollar swiss dollar yen as well as many more and he also has weekly coverage of the crude oil market and the 30-year t-bonds as they both influence forex markets tremendously when you sign up for the tiger forex report you also gain instant access to teddy 60-minute webinar archive he just hosted forex strategies and fundamentals what is behind the tiger forex report for all the details and to start your 30-day tiger forex report subscription today visit the front page of tfnn.com tfnn educating investors steve road started his trading career as a student almost 20 years ago and the student has now become the master steve won the prestigious timer of the year award in 2018 and barely missed that mark again in 2019 finishing at number two for the year an amazing accomplishment steve roads is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge every day in his 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newsletters are packed full of tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio get tom o'brien's newsletter market insights today and try all of our products and newsletters 30 days risk-free with our money back guarantee at tfnn.com tfnn educating investors okay folks uh when i got into this astrology stuff you know started back at Drexel when mary rivers came in and said buy silver at 11 45 in the morning and sell it two days later at 10 20 in the morning and you know that worked very well but she was only bullish and it was going up in a wildly bullish market from 76 through 1980 so it was held heavily skewed that's why she had so many winning trades in a row but if you followed it after that it was only right about 60 of the time i brought up this chart showing you the full moons and new moons on here because that's basically nothing than a 14 day cycle and it starts the cycle with the new moon which is tomorrow which is the the conjunction at zero degrees and it goes around to 180 degrees in 14 days and that is the full moon and all i do is i go in and i look to see where the prices are at that time where there's an expansion contraction abcd and that's what i try to do i keep it as simple as possible i don't bring it out very much because i frankly don't trust it because i don't understand a lot about it the reason why don't i'm looking at only a small piece of this puzzle that's why we had tim boston and also norm winsky they understand a little bit more a lot more than i do okay because they're looking at the inner planets you know like mercury and venus and even as far out as jupiter and when these aspects line up and they can go back and look historically what happened during those times then you know that it's going on if you remember i've shown you these stelliums where all these planets line up in one particular houses that's what got me into astrology folks when i was working with dr miller in 1986 she showed me the major lows in the stock market in 1932 she showed me the top in 1973 she showed me both bottoms in 1974 the big bottom in 1972 in the stock market before we exploded to the upside and then of course 1987 which was the crash year when all of those planets line up in a certain house and all these are in the certain houses that that's when it all lines up now we don't have something like that right now we have some things that are powerful but nothing like that all i'm looking is the fact that we've been at these levels for so long that it makes good sense to think well maybe this could be the high and that's what i'm that's what i'm looking i'm taking a probability now we started out pretty good but that doesn't mean we're going to end that way you know so that's all i can tell you and i mentioned to the folks i said whenever i get this way be careful be very very careful now it's getting back to abcd's let's take a little trip across the pond not going to cost you anything but we've been watching this thing unfold for quite a while this is the uh the footsie uh you can see the double abcd patterns in here i question this one right here it fits pretty nicely but the problem is it's not a ratio it's not a 382 or anything and if i can't get at least a 382 ratio i don't count it as a swing because it's a non-tradable swing so i i don't trade it so that's basically what i'm looking at okay now let's move on here and i want to go across the pond or go across the channel there and no you're going to go north not across the channel we're going to go up to to germany and we're going to look at the german dax and here you have a very very nice symmetrical three drive to a top pattern that is really nice that's the one as you see it in here you can see the yellow one that's the that's the big butterfly okay but then the three drive is the one that's color-coded you can see this and it's perfectly symmetrical folks because it's it's in this a four-hour try so this is several days forming and we've come right up to it this is one of those times what you're setting right at the 1.618 just like we were in gold the other day just like we were in hogs today same type of thing so this is what we're trying to do when we're you know pointing these things out to you is that we're trying to get the patterns and ratios to line up perfectly if the astro stuff comes in that's good but if not you can't go to the bank and say hey venus is squared you're gonna put 50 bucks in my account not gonna happen no no no you've got to be able to say look i gotta buy here sell here put the order in and do it i don't talk too much about the astro i talk very little about it for two reasons one my knowledge level is a little skeptical let's put short short change even though i've studied a lot i don't understand it and i'm part of it was being a catholic i was you know they told us when we were little if you you did astrology you were the instrument of the devil but these are the same people that told me that i was going to go to hell if i ate fish on friday and uh but anyway that was an economical thing anyway that that's what i'm trying to get across here because people ask me why don't i do more astro stuff the reason why is shane's million norm winsky tim boss bill meridian all those guys are far far better at doing that type of thing i i make i try to make money at this folks and all i do is keep it as simple as possible simplicity beats complexity that's the bottom line of you know what my whole idea is and uh so i i hope that makes sense because i try to answer the questions the best that i can but here again you know it could be wrong now let me take a look we've looked at bank of america that not bank of america we looked at the apple showing you that it's acting very very strong some of these other stocks are not here was the big news we had yesterday with bank of america and the stock never ever traded above the 382 retracement of that whole move more than five minutes and it's down a tad today so that was one the other one we looked at was goldman sacks i'm not going to bring it up because i don't want to be running over these things over and over again to what they're doing but i'm just trying to get a a handle on what i think things are what things are happening now i wanted to talk just a moment about silver because we mentioned this yesterday and silver had a big reversal today which was uh i'll tell you i like i said yes i don't even look at this this is just a 60 minute chart but there was the 382 yesterday there it was again late in the afternoon we pointed that one out now the market did not make the abcd level to the downside all it was able to do was to complete this small abcd pattern right in here and then it's rallied to be up on the day now gold isn't even close to being up on the day but silver is really moving folks the premium on buying silver coins like use silver dollars or the silver tokens is 16 percent that that's so ridiculous i can't even believe it in all my years of doing this it was four percent and now in the past few years it's gone all the way out to 16 percent part of that is the demand you know there's it's not hard to make it although you get as a john vay machine stamp the coin and you got a you got a silver coin so that's why you got to be really careful and here shorting this puppy because sometimes it works good like it did here but uh we'll see we still got gold to the downside we think we've got a really good handle on that that it should get to 1962 that comes out in a few days probably because we did rally 20 some dollars from the bottom today which was a very strong bottom right up to the 61 percent retracement of that previous swing and now we're going to have to get in and pay a few bills because when we come up and the break which is going to be here in about 45 seconds or so we'll have jeff huge of alpha insight so if you have any questions for him it's<PHONE_NUMBER> and he has some of the very best stuff that is available out there so we'll be right back boys and girls if you want to take advantage of this sector now is the time to subscribe to my gold report the gold report is a comprehensive look at the metal sector as well as the markets that move gold which is the currency and bond markets new subscribers get a 30-day money back guarantee so you have nothing to lose every monday morning i published a gold report with coverage of gold silver bonds the xiu hui gdx as well as more than 30 different mining equities to see for yourself the types of profitable trades that are recommended within the gold report sign up now by visiting tfnn.com don't miss out on the next great gold trade sign up today everything in the universe is governed by the fibonacci sequence this mathematical principle is responsible for everything from the most aesthetically pleasing artwork new patterns in the stock market to stay on top of stock patterns you can take advantage of sign up for the fibonacci 24 7 newsletter at tfnn.com when you subscribe you'll get a weekly report from veteran day trader larry pesavento on stocks you need to pay attention to and you can trust larry's analysis after all he's got 45 years experience as a day trader larry will also provide daily charts videos and data on the key markets that he's tracking expect notifications from larry on market movement you need to act on at any time first-time subscribers also get a 30-day money back guarantee if you're not satisfied let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up subscribe to the fibonacci 24 7 newsletter today tfnn.com educating investors sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument you have to practice sure but you also need excellent instruction from experts at tfnn you'll get advice and guidance from the authority in technical market analysis and it's not just dry tedious text either tfnn airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and tfnn's youtube channel with tiger tv live every market day from 8 30 a.m to 4 p.m eastern for free each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world from the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds tiger tv has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money watch online at tfnn.com or on tfnn's youtube channel and become the investor you were born to be tfnn educating investors this segment is brought to you by think or swim for more information just click the think or swim banner on the front page of tfnn.com okay folks we have Jeff Hughes of alpha insights on the horn today sitting in the chapel of trading my friend how are you today i'm doing great larry thanks for having me on the show oh it's our pleasure you have some great stuff you're going to talk to us about the breath of the market right now yeah you know as i've been saying for some time now breath breath has been narrowing and it's now extremely narrow in fact what we're looking at right now is a performance distribution dating back to the february 2nd eye in the s&p 500 and if you look to the right hand side you can see a lot of the major indexes especially banks are deep in the negative territory in fact there's only three major indexes that are actually positive since the february 2nd eye through yesterday's close and probably through right now and honestly the one on the far left is the new york fang index these are the top fang stocks the largest mega cap growth stocks in the in the world the second best performer has been the nasdaq 100 and the third best performer has been the s&p 100 all of which are dominated by these seven stocks you know which ones they are microsoft apple google amazon nvidia tesla and meta these stocks are trading at valuation levels that are more extreme today than they actually were when the market topped back in january of 2022 and in fact if you look at the average stock in the s&p 500 looking at the equal weighted s&p 500 index it's actually down six percent since the february 2nd eye will share financial or will share 5 000 index which is the broadest index is down almost two percent the average stock in the nasdaq 100 is down almost two percent and small and mid cap stocks are down around 10 percent banks are down almost 27 percent so i mean this has been a a market led by seven stocks and if you don't own those stocks you are not making any money since february second yeah that i can understand that that's for sure i saw these banking stocks well they have taken them to the cleaners now we're going to talk a little bit about sentiment you've done some really great work here so where do we stand in the sentiment gauge today jeff yeah you know and i won't take credit for this this is the cn and the sphere and green index and it's really a compilation of around seven different market measures that really look at some inflection of behavior in the stock market be it momentum or breadth or volatility and when they combine them all together we can get a sense of whether uh the the sentiment around the market as um is neutral it's been complacent or is greedy or is fearful and um maybe uh presenting an opportunity today we are back up to the highest level that we've seen since the february 2nd peak uh we actually got to around 70 on monday closed last night at 68 it doesn't necessarily need to hit a new extreme high in order for us to reach that point of complacency that tends to coincide with a major market top we are right there right now uh with respect to on the level that existed back in august of 2022 uh when we made that uh important height about 4300 on the s&p uh we're near the same levels we saw uh in uh november and in february where we also had these interim tops for the market uh sold off aggressively in the most recent case about 13 percent wow i know i looked at that and i looked at the market and i i made a mistake i i got too emotional doing a video last night i said the only thing bad about this going short the market now here is because i can't see any reason how it could fail and i said every time i've ever said that it's not a good thing so i said make sure you protect yourself because i look at this thing and i said how could anybody buy stocks up in here but you know i'll know the three people that subscribe to me uh two of them believe me the other one is still skeptical so let's take a look here uh at the next one here and we'll uh look at the internals because this is another thing when i look at this i said come on i mean give me a break this can't be happening but there it is you want to explain to folks what this means yeah we look at three measures of internal health of the market the the market's breadth this is just the f and p 500 mind you uh we look at the momentum when we look at net advancing volume at the top frame really is a measure of of the dark blue line is the five-week moving average of net advancing issues and what we're seeing is that we're rising right it's positive about 22 percent of issues are are net advancing as of yesterday's close but that's a lower high than we saw and in the late january uh peak of this year so it's a negative divergence given where the market is very close to that high also if we look at the momentum this is a unweighted measure of momentum of the s and p 500 constituents again barely positive and a much lower high than we saw back in late january and then of course uh the the bottom frame is the net advancing volume and and while we've seen some improvement uh in net advancing volume uh the recent high of the five-week moving averages well below uh the past january high so these negative divergences tend to emerge before a major trend change and that's where we think we are headed okay that's another one let's get to the next i'd love these charts because i i can understand what it means i i don't trade off of it because you might just look at the price chart and if i see it's got a pretty good chance i'll take a uh calculated risk speculation is what i call it i don't gamble i'm intelligent risk speculator and hold on let's get this one up here so you'll be able to see it here this is the vix this is the one that they had on cnbc yesterday showing you the fact that the vix was at the lowest level in three years or something is this what you're seeing jeth yeah you know what what we're seeing here larry has two different views of the vix the top frame is the vix itself the volatility index the bottom frame is the v vix the volatility of volatility and historically if you just look back at the pattern when the vix is making a new low anytime the v vix the volatility of volatility does not confirm it in other words it diverges positively makes a higher low that tends to precede a reversal in the vix and so oftentimes it's a vix spike and what we're thinking at this point just given the the weight of the evidence around this is that we would expect a pretty dramatic reversal in the vix perhaps much higher than the recent highs we haven't seen a vix print above 40 percent in over two years we think by the time this volatility surge peaks it will likely achieve a level far above the 40 percent level that we've uh kind of looked at as kind of being extreme fear if you will i remember the vix hitting 89 back in the dot com you know fiasco when it was bottoming but boy that was those were days where and that was really volatility i i you know when i saw that dot com thing you know i i thought i was seeing a once in a generation type move which in fact the market dropped 85 percent but boy that mean everybody was just absolutely incredibly bullish you remember they used to have the i don't want to take your time sorry we want to take a break here but i remember the ads remember the guy that he was taking pictures of his rear end on the vax machine and then sending it to someone who was bearish i i always remember that one and and then the 12 year old kid that had his own helicopter oh those are back in the days of those were fun hey we're going to take a break here we'll be back with uh jeff huge of alpha insights here uh in just a few short seconds i hope and then we'll pay a few bills and everything will be copacetic i hope i got the timing right and i did we'll be right back folks you might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market you're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future right like any endeavor in life before you decide it's impossible get some advice from the experts you might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices selective stocks and commodities subscribe to the opening call newsletter at tfnn.com the opening call newsletter is written by basil Chapman creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman wave the Chapman wave up down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices get the opening call newsletter by basil Chapman and your inbox every day first time subscribers also get a 30-day money back guarantee if you're not satisfied let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up tfnn.com educating investors are you looking for a way to consistently add winning trades to your portfolio Tom O'Brien is here to help Tom O'Brien has been successfully trading markets for over 30 years a frequent contributor to TD Ameritrade Network and CNBC Tom O'Brien founded tfnn over 20 years ago to help educate investors just like you Tom's daily market newsletter market insights is published every morning when the markets open to give you the competitive informational edge you need to succeed these newsletters are packed full of Tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio get Tom O'Brien's newsletter market insights today and try all of our products and newsletters 30 days risk-free with our money back guarantee at tfnn.com tfnn educating investors biotech is booming but for how long whether you think the biotech bull has room to run or has run its course trade labu or labd directions daily s and p biotech three times bull and bear ETFs visit directioninvestments.com slash biotech today an investor should consider the investment objectives risks charges and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing the prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares to obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus please contact direction shares at<PHONE_NUMBER> the prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing an investment in the funds is subject to risk including the possible loss of principle the funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors distributor four-side fund services LLC this program is brought to you by Vista Gold traded on the NYSE American and TSX under the symbol VGZ Jeff huge on the line here Jeff would you do me a favor please I posted a chart of the VIX pattern showing topping and bottoming could you could you send me a copy of that chart because I tried to copy and paste it but it's got those black things you know from the snack snag it thing and I'd like to get it as clean as I possibly could just send it to larry at trading tutor.com if you would right now oh no no no no anytime anytime no no no we just tell us about this chart because this to me you showed us to us last time you're on a couple weeks ago and that was one of the reasons I was starting to look for a potential top and now it's jumping out at me but if you would send that to me I'd really like to take a look at it sure well let me tell you a little bit about this study you know we've we've looked at this over the past year and it's been a pretty regular repeating pattern every time the VIX is spiked up above 34 percent it's been in the neighborhood of a tradable bottom in the S&P 500 you know within days to possibly weeks at the latest the flip side of that is every time we've gotten down below 20 percent on the VIX it's marked an interim high and you know most recently of course that was the February 2nd high where the VIX was bouncing around kind of sub 20 percent for some time but we just reached a level Larry last night where we closed at 16.83 percent on the VIX that was the lowest level seen since early January 2022 just one day before the S&P 500 topped and it's a whole time record high we think that's significant for a couple of reasons number one you know we think it's it's extremely compressed and when VIX gets this compressed uh compressed rather it tends to revert to the mean okay it's a very mean reverting index in the first place second of all if in fact the pattern holds together it probably marks an interim high in the S&P 500 it might even be yesterday's high we're certainly within the neighborhood of that most likely we'll know for certain once we see a reversal on the VIX and a daily close above the 21 day moving average and once that occurs it usually never looks back we just we just keep going off to the races and like I said in the prior frame you know we were talking about the possibility of a VIX spike and I think a surgeon VIX well above that 34 to 35 percent range that's kind of held the you know the extremes in the past year I think we're going to exceed 40 percent this time and possibly much higher before all this is complete let me ask you a question you've been doing this a long time and I'd like to ask you 33 years 33 wow that's pretty good listen what I'd like to ask you is this you know whenever I hear someone like Janet Yellen or Bern Bernanke or what's his name Greenspan say anything like well this this is yeah yeah Jerome Powell that well this this serious thing is all finished like our banking thing that's all taken care that's not going to be a problem anymore I mean I take that I mean I that's to me that's a giant red flag I mean because I don't trust those people as far as I could throw them and you know I do feel that same way because I I that's why I'm a charters because I've seen them do this time and time again and that's why I see oh everything's okay now yeah yeah let me put it this way in April of 2008 Ben Bernanke came out and said by our work we see a mild recession in the back half of 2008 well what we really saw was the greatest financial crisis since the great depression so they miscalculated the Fed is often wrong and you know so far they haven't predicted anything correct you know they got the inflation wrong uh they negative interest rates yeah the whole thing they just have completely been reactionary to whatever the you know prevailing forces of the economy are they're not good at predicting their models are very backward looking yeah the dumbest one to me was negative interest rates I mean a three-year-old could figure that one out I mean guys with PhDs you know say I I'm going to give you your money and I'm going to charge you for holding your money and I can't guarantee that you're going to get it back hmm that's a really good deal you know I mean hello operator my god that's like 16 or 30 pieces of silver almost let's get on to the next one here you're looking to the most various setup we've had since august I think so you know back in august we saw what I believe was primary wave to a counter trend advance the peak on august 16th and from that level we saw a an epic plunge from about 43 and a quarter on the s and p 500 all the way down to 3500 that was 825 s and p points in a matter of two months okay we've then basically retraced about 61.8 percent of that decline I think about 78.6 percent of that decline through the February 2nd high we haven't quite gotten back we've actually retraced about 86.4 percent of the decline off of the February 2nd high into the March 13th low interestingly you've got a lot of similar numbers here you've got October 13th December 13th March 13th you've got December 22nd February 2nd another 2-2 we've got April 18th so basically April 13 plus five we think the next big number on the downside could be something like May 22nd our cycle work here we've applied a 50 day cycle that's been very observable certainly going back to the august highs into the closing prices or the lows of October and if we just look at that 50 day cycle we could see the ebb and the flow is pretty consistent and and the next bottom that we see is coming in late May in that May 22nd time horizon what's also interesting is Paul McCray Montgomery's Fibonacci time cycle work is at play here as well on on April 6th we had a minor Montgomery cycle turn date and on the 20th tomorrow we get a major Montgomery turn cycle date or cycle turn date and and I think what we're really seeing is this minor to major cycle rollover where we had a minor uptrend that's turning into a major downtrend and so far the count looks like this we've got intermediate wave one down into the October 13th low we've got intermediate wave two up into the February 2nd high we've got minor wave one down into the March 13th low and now we've got what appears to be a top in minor wave two at yesterday's high so if we're correct we should see this rollover closed back into the channel and break down and once we've taken out kind of that I would say maybe the March 22nd high which is that wave a high that would confirm I think most of my suspicions that were in the midst of minor wave three down which should take us into a third wave decline at three degrees of trend and could carry the S&P you know down into the mid 2000s Larry oh yeah well that would be a that would be something tell the folks how they can get your free newsletter Jeff yeah you know we publish this newsletter the first Saturday of every month the next publication date is May 6th you can sign up on substack at hugeinsights.substack.com the title of the newsletter is huge insights the big picture where we cover everything from macroeconomic to market issues and we make our forecast for the month ahead thank you my friend listen we're going to have you on again soon and stay above ground on the green side of the grass and keep living the dream my friend I'll do my best thanks Larry look forward to it Jeff huge alpha insights stand up guy folks get his letter we'll be right back if you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market then rocket equities and options report is a newsletter you should try Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them using a combination of fundamentals and 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for anyway uh this is the high that we were looking at that we're now made the 61% retracement of that already you see this low here was seven eight six of this one 50% of that one this is telling us that we're probably going to go up into Thursday and Friday and maybe get this level of uh 42 20 we're only 40 handles away you know we gained 30 of those handles look at this we drop 40 50 handles on the downside and you come back and you're getting 30 handles back real quick this market is not backing off and i think by pointing it out that thing with the dow Jones transportation and also apple they're still buying out there now the things that jeff brought up yep those are good but you got to go with what the charts are telling you folks this thing is not not broken that look at this this is not broken the downtrend in the last six days not one time it's never taken out the previous took it out wow it's a good old tarot grammar from st benedicts catholic school anyway that's what you're looking at here folks this still is still up and we get below this level which is uh 41 35 then yeah we might get a pretty good move to the downside but until that happens you know we're still going higher and um like i said uh be careful with what i say because you know sometimes i'm wrong and often wrong but never in doubt that's my motto so let's keep that in mind folks so we've had a heck of a run here at tf and remember when we had the old uh negative interest rates on the bonds how they kept trying to feed us that and we were looking at that big abcd up there at 177 and people said man are you nuts man you've missed the whole boat and like i said to jeff that to me was the biggest no-brainer i've ever seen in all my business hey live every day in an attitude of gratitude and may god bless stay tuned for the afternoon update


This paper proposes a novel approach combining particle swarm optimization, PSO, and artificial neural networks, and to accurately identify individual appliances in smart homes. The PSO algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the ANN model, while the ANN was trained to distinguish between different appliances based on their power consumption. The proposed approach was tested on three datasets and compared against existing methods. The results showed that the proposed approach achieved higher accuracy than the existing methods, with an average NIMSE of 1.719%. Additionally, the proposed approach was able to accurately predict customer behavior regarding energy usage during daytime hours. This article was authored by R. Ramadan, Qi Huang, Alusola Bamiasile, and others.


Yes, thank you, Mr. President, and thank you, Commissioner, also for stressing the importance of a level playing field in relation to public procurement. The Commission recently adopted a white paper on foreign subsidies in the internal market aiming to counter unfair competition. And my province, the beautiful province of Overisal, welcomes this initiative, because local and regional authorities are also confronted with unfair competition from third country companies. For instance, in relation to our tenders for public transport, Chinese producers of electric buses and railcars enter our internal market while also receiving state subsidies. And meanwhile, it's impossible for European manufacturers to participate in tenders in Chinese metropolitan areas. But it's not just China. In the United States of America, it is mandatory to buy American when it is standard for buses and railcars. So Mr. Commissioner, there is no level playing field and there is no reciprocity at this time. And this hurts our European manufacturing industry and we lose jobs in our regions. And for this reason, I would like to urge you to pay specific attention to the struggles of local and regional authorities in your consultation procedure with a white paper. Can the Commission give us a clear right to exclude manufacturing companies from countries that haven't signed a government procurement agreement in our tenders for public transport? And can the Commission give us more freedom to take into account the interests of European manufacturing industry and employability in tendering procedures? Thank you very much for your attention and Mr. Commissioner, you have our full support in making an end to naive Europe. Thank you very much.


Oftentimes, when we talk about Sputnik, and I'm speaking from an American perspective here just for the moment, we talk about the psychological impact it had on the United States, namely it spread fear throughout the country, but among scientists it was exciting because it opened the space age. But where did Sputnik come from? It didn't just poof into existence overnight by Soviet scientists. Like the early American satellite programs, Sputnik had roots, and those roots went back as just as far as any American program. The story of Sputnik, much like the stories of the early American satellites, has its roots in the end of the Second World War, both the Soviet Union and the United States imported German scientists, namely those rocket engineers who helped build and develop the V-2 missile. In the United States, new groups were founded for these German rocket scientists to start working with American scientists to turn those original V-2 documents and plans into missiles that the U.S. Army could eventually use in combat, while a similar thing happened in the Soviet Union. Before we dive in, just a couple of structural notes. In 1946, the Soviet Union established the Scientific Research Institute number 88, called simply NE-88. Within NE-88 was another scientific research institute called NE-4. Under the direction of Mikhail Tikhan Rebov, NE-4 was designed to investigate the development of methods of testing, acceptance, storage, and combat application of missile weaponry. In 1950, multiple branches of NE-88 were brought together to form a new design bureau called OKB-1. At the head was Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. It was within NE-4 that scientists started to investigate putting a small satellite into orbit as early as 1954. They wondered what would happen if they put multiple rockets together, creating something more powerful and with more energy, that could launch a small scientific payload into orbit. Of course, this wasn't the first time a Russian had considered putting something into space. One of the grandfathers of modern rocketry is Konstantin Silkovsky. He did all the math in the late 1900s to show how, with enough rocket power, you could put something into space, potentially even to another planet. Herman O'Bareth had also written extensively about how to put small payloads into orbit and even get them to other planets. The one that wasn't super well known at the time was Robert Goddard, the American, who was notoriously reclusive, though he was the first to prove that liquid propulsion could work. So the Soviet scientists working in 1954 knew that it was possible to send a payload into space on a rocket, but this was the first time they really considered how to do it with the technology that they had. Tkhanarev ultimately put together a proposal to launch a modest spacecraft into orbit, just a small scientific satellite. He passed it to Korolev in OKB-1, who edited it and signed off on it. This was then passed to the Soviet Academy of Sciences where it again gained approval. Now all that Korolev needed was political support. There wasn't enough for the scientists to want to do it. In the Soviet Union in the 1950s, it had to have political support to gain any kind of money to get anything off the ground. But political support was forthcoming largely because of the budding Cold War with the United States. Korolev first pitched the idea to Dmitry Ustinov, the Minister of the Defense Industry, and added to the proposal of the modest satellite was all the research known about the American satellite programs, as they have to spur the Soviet Union on to not being bested in space. Another significant boost to the Soviet satellite plan came in July of 1955. President Eisenhower announced that the United States would launch a small satellite as part of its I-G-Y activities. Not to be outdone, Soviet leaders announced just three days later that the Soviet Union would also be launching a satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year. In the months that followed, the Soviet satellite plan became more concrete. The idea was to launch a satellite on the R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile, something Korolev designed, because this way he could get the Soviet government to okay the missile development and have the satellite sort of tacked on as a little bit of a bonus. Based on projections of the R-7's power, the satellite turned into a relatively large first attempt, called Object D, Objects A, B, and V for the letters in the Russian alphabet, being designated warhead configurations for the R-7. This satellite was designed to be somewhere around 1,250 pounds, with somewhere between 440 and 660 pounds worth of scientific instruments. This was a significantly large satellite for a first attempt, one that Korolev hoped would dwarf anything the Americans were working on. And because it was tied to the R-7's development as a missile, he also promised that it could be done before the end of 1957, at the latest early 1958. But as it's want to happen in the early days of any big technology, like rockets and spacecraft, things did start to fall behind. Towards the end of 1956, the R-7's development was falling badly behind schedule, and there were also significant problems in developing the satellite. And so in November of that year, there was another option suggested. Instead of launching a large satellite, why not start with something small? It wouldn't have nearly the scientific capability, and it wouldn't be the full might of the rocket that would launch it, but it would at least potentially still be the first thing in space. The new plan was for a satellite internally called PS-1. It was a 22.8 inch, highly polished steel sphere that would carry a radio transmitter. Antennas sticking out of the sphere and swept back as though blowing in the wind as it traveled would help it be picked up from the ground. It wasn't the satellite of Korolev's dreams, but it could promise him that he would get the first ever object into space. And so, development on this much smaller satellite continued, with the launch date set for October of 1957. Incredibly, announcements from scientists and even reports in newspapers and on the radio didn't gain much attention. Nobody, neither in the Soviet Union nor in the United States, really knew how much work was going on at OKB-1, but the program was taking steady strides forward. On October 1, Radio Moscow announced the frequencies at which amateur radio operators could listen to the satellite beeping. On October 2, the launch date was moved up by three days in response to reports that American satellite programs might be closer to launching than previously thought. On October 3, an R-7 rocket with the SP-1 satellite was rolled onto the launch pad. On October 4, 1957, at 10.28 in the evening Moscow time, which is actually 1.28 in the morning October 5 at the launch site at Baikonur, Sputnik went into orbit and the space age began. Alright, that was the absolute cold-nose version of the story, as you guys can probably imagine that there is so much more to say on the backstory to Sputnik if you are curious, and I think some of you probably might be. I strongly encourage you to check out my companion blog post over at Vintage Space on Discover. I also want to remind you guys, or tell those of you who are visiting the channel for the first time, welcome, that you guys have a way to help make Vintage Space possible. I am now able to take sponsors on my channel. I have a video explaining how that works right in the card up here. There's a button down below that says sponsor on it. You can click that and learn a little bit more. If you love old-timey space and you want to see more videos just like this, consider helping make Vintage Space possible. Alright guys, as always, leave me your questions, comments, and anything you would like to see in future episodes in the comment section below. And of course, follow me on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for daily Vintage Space content. Be sure to give this video a like and with new videos going up every single week, be sure to subscribe so you never miss an episode.


Log in using your SOAS student reference number and your SOAS IT account password. Once you've logged in, you should see your name and degree program here. If this information is incorrect, please go to soas.ac.uk forward slash sid and use sid to submit an inquiry to the records team. Click show more to view your module choices. Any modules you have to take will already be ticked and you won't be able to change them. You may have one or more groups of optional modules. You can tick these to make your choices. You may also be allowed to choose up to one unit from other departments. This is called an open option. To view the open options for a department, click the show more button next to it. To select an open option, tick the box next to the department. Then tick the box next to the module you would like to take. Modules you are not allowed to choose will have yellow warnings next to them. Hover your mouse pointer over the warning for details. In this case, we have selected the maximum four units of modules. We will need to deselect a module before we can make further choices. Click save choices to save your selections. You can come back and change your mind before the deadline. Please note, you do not need to submit your choices. Once you've saved them, you just need to log up. You must check the modules you want to select won't clash on your timetable. Click on the timetable link at the bottom of the SOAS website. Click on the link to the timetable for the coming academic year. Select the tab for module or module title. Find the module you want to check and select it. You can select a department from the drop down menu to filter the list. Click view timetable. Make a note of when the activities take place so that you can avoid choosing modules that clash. Please note that all tutorial groups will appear on the module timetable. You will choose or be assigned to specific groups later. You don't need to avoid clashes with every tutorial group as long as you are available to attend at least one.


Hi there and welcome to Little Garden on the Prairies. So we are now entering into the indoor gardening season here on the Saskatchewan Prairies and in today's video I'm going to be showing you how I'm going to get my good old arrow garden going here and also my first time trying the I-Do indoor growing kit. So as you can see here my arrow garden looks like it's been around for a while and I probably have had this for I think about four years now and I love my arrow garden and it has been great for growing herbs and tomatoes and a couple other things that I've tried over the last few years. I don't even know what the the make of this is it doesn't specify I know nowadays that you can get the arrow garden bounty or the harvest and there's a few other models. This one is one of the originals I think. So I would love to have more arrow gardens but they are quite pricey and when I seen the I-Do on Amazon here it was I think on sale for $105. I got it shipped for free through Amazon Prime. I think it was about $120 with taxes. So you know I've seen that this has fairly good reviews. It's somewhere you know on the top five as far as these these type of hydroponic kits and I thought it would be good just to try it out and see how it compares to my good old arrow garden. I skipped the whole unboxing of the I-Do. There's plenty of videos out there but this one is the I-Do 10 pod. So with my arrow garden of course I got a lot of this stuff when I first purchased it. I think it also came with some seeds. I think I got some herbs with it and of course after one year you run out of these pods and these little plastic things sometimes get a little warped and broken. But I have found that I can reuse a lot of that stuff still. I still have my original holders here. I've had to do some cutting to get the the roots out of them but they still work. I always take my arrow garden at the end of the growing season and wash it out really good and with vinegar and water and I can reuse these. And to start my seeds instead of these little pods that you can order online I just been using my Rockwell which I use for a lot of my hydroponics and cracky hydroponic growing. So that works well. I have a big sheet of these that was very inexpensive and I can just put it in to here put my seed in there. I have plenty of these little domes now that I can reuse each year and just set it up that way. So this has worked good for me year after year on the arrow garden. So that's kind of a comparison of what you're getting with the I-Do compared to what I did get with my arrow garden and how I still work with it now without having to to buy replacement pieces to keep on growing in here. It's one difference I see here with my old arrow garden compared to the I-Do is the height of the light. This one this is how high the arrow garden goes and this one here goes probably about three or four inches higher. So that's nice height to have if you want to grow some bigger plants like tomatoes or peppers. So today I am going to be planting some tomatoes in each of these. I'm going to plant the same ones in each one just so we can kind of do some comparison over the season. I have two dwarf tomato varieties that I have grown in my little arrow garden here. I usually just put in two plants and you know it takes up quite a bit of the space. You can't really use you can't really plant any more than two I find and because we have a lot of extra holes here that I'd like to try out I think maybe we'll also maybe stick some herbs in and see if all these can grow together in these two hydroponic setups. So next I'm just going to get the nutrient water ready in each of these and then we can start planting our seeds. Okay so I'm just getting my pods ready and the holders here I'll show you the difference so this is the one that came with the I do and as you can see the pod is a lot longer so it will reach further down into the water. So that's one thing with these pieces of rock well they aren't quite as long. I do kind of try to shove them down as far as I can and if they don't reach that water initially I just keep them wet by spritzing them from the top until they start germinating and shooting out roots but they they don't take long before those roots will reach that nutrient water. Okay so I have my two hydroponic systems set up here in a spot that is underneath a big window here. This is an east-facing window doesn't get a whole lot of light because our deck is kind of covering it but I thought it'd be nice to have a little extra sunlight coming in on these once they get growing. So first of all I'll show you what I planted up here so in the I do I have got the two tomatoes the yellow cherry the tiny Tim these signs are kind of handy at the start when you want to make sure you remember what you planted. So back here I got some chives oregano and I really wanted to get some more chamomile and mint going because I didn't get enough harvested this summer to for my tea to get through the winter so I'm going to try them in the corner here and I thought I might as well put something in the front so I threw in some arugula. So there are three holes that I did not use and this here is just a cover for this is where you add the water. So with my arrow garden we got the yellow cherry the tiny Tim and then I also thought I could use some more basil so I put some in and some thyme and this is where the water gets added as you can see it's getting pretty crusty because those nutrients are pretty salty so they kind of been eating away slowly at my arrow garden here. So we're just going to get these set up now the arrow garden is pretty easy to get going and this is going to be veggies 16 hours of light that's good and that is it for setting up the good old arrow garden. Now I read the instructions on setting up this one I'm not sure if it's going to be quite as simple because there's no clock to set on it so it's automatically going to do a 16 hour on 8 hour off so I might have to to work on that to figure out how to adjust that so the lights are off at night and on during the day. So you can hear my pump running here in the arrow garden pumping some air into the water and also I can see inside that I do that it is also pumping it's quite a bit quieter. So I have the lights adjusted as close as they can get to the seedlings now for germination so hopefully I will be sharing with you a series of videos updating you on how everything is doing in my arrow garden versus the new I do hydroponic system.


Good morning and welcome to these products in focus youth 30. They're actually dropped 100 points during yesterday's session only to end up above potential support at 17.075 Relatively positive territory this morning ever so slightly edging higher there Though the potential resistance still remains at 17.151 We do have some very important data due out today. You do of course have the yours one unemployment data, but also the consumer price index Flash estimate for the CPI and that's due at 10 a.m. UK time And that's pretty much going to be the they can have the gold light for for draggy if that comes in particularly badly So the forecast is 0.3 If it comes in as you know 0.1 or or slightly negative then you know your dollar should be very interesting to have a look at So looking at the UK 100 that resistance there at 6832 is still in play Next potential support is at 6774 And we've actually had a little bit of a struggle to get into positive territory this morning So that level is still firmly in play So looking at the Japan to do five next it's actually trading below potential support at 15488 Next potential support is at 14977. We are bouncing around that 21 period and 55 period SMA Looking at dollar yen Dollar yen managed to bounce from yesterday's lows We're still just letting in between that potential support at 103 spots 77 as ever that longer-term potential resistance is 104 spots 67 But we need some pretty good dollar positive news to get that going again So looking at cruel with Texas. It didn't that bounce beautifully of that 95 spot 40 level We did speak about consolidation of those last couple of sessions next potential resistance is at 97 spots 64 So we are in the middle of two ranges right now. So there's still a little bit more to go But this is certainly the best closing point we've seen on west texas for some time Moving on to gold because of the unrest in Ukraine. I say unrest, but really it's a It's a true civil war with with russia getting involved now as well The battle on two fronts. So a safe haven assets. So normally it'd be the yen as well But certainly gold's getting it as day as you can see there it stopped bang on that potential support Sorry resistance at 1295 only to retreat back down again Now it's in positive territory right now, which means a potential retest of 1295 heading into the weekend You know, it's not it's not Beyond the expectations out there. So moving on to your dollar obviously lots of focus on this today Very volatile session yesterday. We're moving lower again this morning Looking at one spot 31 0 7 as the next potential support and this is what everybody would be looking at We're in about 10 am uk time finishing up the gbp usd Um, I had a kind of a move to the upside yesterday bouncing off potential support one spot 65 58 But these long-winded candles are indicative of the fact there's still lots of selling pressure up there So I think this level is still going to be relatively strategic in the short term So I come with data wise as I said, you've got cpi. This is going to be a major Announcement there today and this is going to dictate monetary policy in the eurozone and obviously have unemployment as well And if we fast forward, you do also have PMI in the us And you've also got the university of michigan consumer sentiment survey data due at three o'clock uk time So a fair amount of data some just first thing this morning in the uk and Then the rest later on this afternoon Keep your eye on the chart for most ever make insights part of your later going forward and join me again on monday to find out what happened next


Welcome back, everybody. So I hope you all had a good breakout group discussion. I'm sorry, I was trying to say group out break discussion, sir. And now we have the breakout reports back. And we have, as we said, we combined it and made it three groups. So we have Ed, Stephanie, and Ali. And each of them will speak for 10 minutes on the same formats of the PowerPoint slide. So go ahead. Who's first on that? OK, that's it. There you go. Yes, OK. So again, just first, I'm talking for the group. But if anyone from our session has any comments or I misrepresent anything, please speak up. So again, we went through systematically question by question. And for the first one related to challenges and opportunities, the big one that came up was access to data, the in-situ data availability. In addition to the data that is available, the data, the methods, the models, uncertainty and bias. So quantifying and getting a sense of the actual uncertainties and bias with what we have, we think is also a challenge. And then human aspects in their role in the water cycle, characterizing that, understanding that, quantifying that in terms of qualitatively, but also to a degree that could be integrated into various models. And so the first three represent really the challenges. And the next couple of bullets, we focused more on the opportunities. So the first one was more data fusion. So we know there's data fusion activities taking place. But a larger effort put into data fusion with the available data that we do have. Integrating modeling and science centers in terms of more integrated models that capture the adaptive feedbacks from multiple spatial and temporal scales as well as processes. In terms of the physical processes, also the human aspects of these systems, models that integrate all of that is an opportunity. Ability to obtain water quality and quantity via sensors and the internet of things. So the idea is there are lots of sensors, capabilities out there now that aren't huge money. If that's connected to the internet, getting access to that data is something then we could start to do on a large scale. In investment in translating water cycle understanding to local regional policy and management. And again, so the idea is we have various understandings, we have things going on in various places, expanding that to link what we basically do to the policy and the management aspects of things, focusing on that in the future as an opportunity. So does anyone have anything else? I don't know how you wanna do these. We wanna do question by question to just kind of go through as a whole or? Okay, I'm representing the orange and green groups. We had a good discussion. So we, to answer the question, what are the challenges and opportunities for future research? We kind of broke out in both opportunities and challenges and although we discovered that some of our opportunities were the same as the challenges. So first in terms of opportunities, the group felt that remote sensing is really in its infancy in a lot of ways for groundwater monitoring and that as those technologies improve and new ones become available 30 years from now, we're gonna be asking ourselves how we ever monitor groundwater today. We talked about CubeSats, airborne instruments, weather balloons, UAVs, cell phone signals, et cetera. We talked a lot about how to leverage remote sensing data and to compare with models. There are a lot of challenges with remote sensing, uncertainties, biases, how do we get a better understanding of those? We talked about integrating the need to integrate remote sensing and in situ data. And challenges and opportunities associated with those. We talked about improved technology for in situ data. There's more and more remote sensing data, but in a lot of ways the trove of in situ data is not expanding and it's often expensive as well. So how do we collect that data? How do we share that data? Are there standards, et cetera? We talked about EM systems and potentially an Earthscope type campaign, probably in the US. More sophisticated modeling and advances in computing power. We said, talked about the fact that there are just a few people running these large models but how do we do a better job of taking advantage of those advances and share the results with the broader community? We talked a lot about, well, this is large scale model accessibility, the barriers to entry. US groundwater modeling and information exchange, using remote sensing to guide requests for water sampling. So how do we prioritize regions where, rather than looking at the globe as a whole, can we use remote sensing to help us prioritize regions for more focused studies? We also discussed new data techniques. This was kind of folded up in talking about formats as well. There's artificial intelligence, these new knowledge discovery techniques, machine learning, how do we take care of those techniques? In terms of challenges, uncertainties, how do we characterize the uncertainties? Not only in the data, but in the modeling output, biases. The raw data in particular, the INSAR needs a lot of processing. So how do we share that data when it requires a lot of processing and knowledge to understand it? We need transparency in the data underlying the data sets, whether they're direct or it's inferred. We talked about the need for more information on the deep aquifer systems, and components that are really hard to get to. Again, model evaluation is not only an opportunity, it's a challenge. So what parts of these data sets should be used for validation? And then we talked a lot about international partnerships, and that'll also show up in the fourth question on a project-by-project basis. Then one of our call-in folks talked about the sparseness of in situ monitoring in rural data sets. So we are data rich with remote sensing, data poor oftentimes with in situ data sets, and so how do we harmonize those challenges? Go back to the yellow group. Right. Our structures are similar to the blue group. The first few comments are the challenges, and then we talk about the opportunities. So like others, the lack of in situ data was the primary concern that was raised by everyone that relates to groundwater level, pumping rates, stream flow data, and also the frequency and the spatial and temporal coverage of the different in situ data that are available. Scale issues of groundwater extent and other related variables, depending on the basin we are talking about, depending on the data sets such as grace, depending on the communities that we are talking about, there's a lot of scale issues that come into play here. Diversity of purpose of the measurements, why are we actually taking the measurements? What is the goal? What is the audience? And one point that we came back again and again is to that, we are trying to measure an unnatural system. There's a lot of human involvement through all the, in every layer, and there is no way to get sufficient data on the human and societal factors. And I think we talk about that in the later questions as well. One point was raised is that we could look at it as an opportunities that looking at the systems dynamics of groundwater issues and looking at a systems point of view. And then the other major point that was raised was the uncertainties. How do we measure them? Where are the uncertainties coming from and how do we reduce them depending on our knowledge of where they're coming from and how do we incorporate that into decision-making? So these were the major, I guess, challenges as well as opportunities that we can address in our future endeavors. Thank you. Okay, so let's go back to the first group and do the second question. And let's hold all of our comments till the end because otherwise I think I'm afraid we'll run out of time. Okay, so again, what data are most useful in determining the freshwater budgets and what information will be useful to have that we currently struggle to collect? So in this one, again, some of the things, the data that would be most useful, precipitation, water storage, discharge, the close of the water budget. We also talked about the spatial temporal scales and measurements depend on the questions being asked and the system complexity. So depending on, again, what you're asking, where you're asking it, the data that we need change, also the spatial temporal resolution of that data changes. And again, the second bullet is really getting at the sort of the built human system. So getting data on the water usage, you know, how much you're taking and then the consumption aspect of that. So maybe you're taking 100,000 gallons per day or something and you're only using 80% of that or something. But there's the usage and then the actual consumption, various transfers out of a system. And then there's losses within a system that we really have very limited data on. Again, I think one of the other groups talked about this a little bit for bullet one, but the dynamic aspects of the water budget and the interactions and impacts with infrastructure. So looking at a system, at a particular snapshot in time tells you something, but some of these systems change dramatically based on season or there's major trends taking place now related to potentially climate change or again, human activities in a region. And then we also talked a little bit about extremes. So when you have an extreme drought or flood, that's something that it'd be more nice to have more data on. Again, the spatial temporal scales, we talked a little bit about, it kind of relates to the first bullet, but you have scales that, you know, the farmer scale, the individual field, the individual stretch of river to the watershed or the climate scale. And again, depending on what you're asking, you really have very different scales to think about. And then information on human decision-making related to economics and impacts on water budgets. So there's the financial piece driving a lot of these things and decisions are being made and then that's ultimately impacting the water budget. And so having that connected piece, understanding how the economics come into play to the decisions that are made. And then groundwater in general, and then this point was brought up, you know, depending on your interest in the groundwater, is it a store or is it a flux? So like what's your interest in groundwater kind of changes the way you look at the system and what you're trying to capture. Again, if you're thinking of as a, you know, it's a resource that's just there or you really focused on the fluxes in and out of it to balance whatever it is you're working on in your system. So that's all we had for that. So we came up with some very similar responses. For us, the primary fluxes are most important, precipitation, et cetera, in terms of data. We also felt that we needed to have a better understanding of the human industrial and irrigation use, not so not just the natural system, but we also need to have more information about how data are actually used. We talked about the need for 3D data and how is that integrated into models, again along with point data or other data. We need these hydrogeologic subsurface variables. We did talk about, and this sort of carried on from the previous discussion, about prioritizing on a global scale. And we, the group felt that the priorities depends on the process that we have to understand the need in order to prioritize data. We talked about understanding large scale data systems and about closing the water budget, but there was one dream, I forget who said that, but we don't have everything without isotopes. It is important for helping us to understand residence time for modeling studies and assessing sustainability. We talked about the need for subsidence data that would, and other remote sensing, this is, again, back to the previous, that could give us some indication of where we prioritize studies. Again, this is similar, or a frame we've heard from others, the importance and the need to have data-driven models that integrate both in situ and remote sensing. We talked a lot about where the data go, and so where do we store the data? Is it, there's, with some discussion about universities perhaps storing the data, we talked about how FAS serves data sets, can FAS or USDA serve data, and there was an example that was given in terms of storing data, the quasi-example was one, but there was the USGS example that was, or not USGS, I'm sorry, it was a seismic community has developed a repository called Iris Pascal for seismic data that could be a model for groundwater data. And we talked about how important it is to pursue international partnerships in order to increase access to data globally. In terms of data that are most useful in situ data came up, water quality data that was one issue that we definitely thought was very important, soil data and then all the land surface, I mean we started writing all the variables, but then all the land surface and hydrological data that is, that variables that are there, but water quality came out again as very important because it's very set specific and local level contaminations and biogeochemistry and the dynamic nature of it that remains as a key hurdle. One question that came up was that how much in situ data do we really need? How much do we need to complement the remote sensing data so that we can validate it as well as think that we can move forward and continue with our studies. In terms of that information that would be useful is maps of groundwater recharge, rates of recharge, well locations that came up that could be a very good product that could be used to assess freshwater budgets and then training data for new techniques, so machine learning and all those new techniques that are coming up, where do we get the training data for those from so that we can develop and validate and sharpen these new techniques, that's it. Now to question three please. Okay, so what aspects of freshwater balance beyond precipitation and SWE data would benefit from NGA resources? So again, there's lots of stuff out there we focused on some of the things that if resources were allocated, these are the priority areas. So again, some of the things that are just difficult to measure, river discharge and I have degree of regulation which has a lot of stuff that follow here, but the idea is we have data, it could be river discharge, it could be groundwater data. Knowing more about the system for which the data was collected in terms of if it's a well in their pumping water, is it used for irrigation, is it used for municipal, what's the purpose of the data, is it a natural system, is it a managed system, a regulated system? We get this data, but we don't often know the system context for which the data is used. So a focus on that aspect of data. And again, some of the things that, basically the list of remotely sensed data products that are out there except the addition of water use and then bringing it all back to characterization of the hydrologic variables, processes, the system characteristics, we often think about data products as the quantities that we're interested in but having the variables, the parameters that go into the model would also be of value. The natural language processing of historical data, so again, thinking of ways to get access to some of the data that exists that is just in a different format. And then it's also got us thinking about a centralized data storage location. Again, we talked about Kwasi or other places but having a location where everyone felt comfortable having the data that again is often not shared for various reasons, that's gonna be a sensitive topic but having a place for that could be fairly useful. And the one example was the disaster index insurance related to water, I don't know why I have sources but I was thinking water hazards here. There are places where you can go to for earthquakes and if there's an event, someone tells you there's a database central location, insurance companies pay based on what that source says happened during a time. Maybe there's something related to groundwater that could be developed, something similar to that. A community-abled cyber infrastructure example was like EarthCube and development of potential technologies or actions that could help understand or manage the water budget. So again, what could we add to the system that would help us characterize it, maybe more real time and improve the way it operates and the technology side of things in terms of monitoring as well as the ability to change the system. Oh, sorry, lost for a second. So one thing that we, well I heard somebody say funding but it didn't show up on the list. We talked about potentially as a steward for airborne campaigns. That might be difficult in other countries. So where possible gives us that high resolution data. We also wanted thought that data on human water usage and infrastructure is critical, reservoirs, et cetera. Irrigation use if available. The parameters that are used in the models are absolutely essential and it can be in areas where data are sparse, they can be difficult to get so that would be very helpful. Observations of water levels and storage, declassified water data if it's available. Partnerships to improve instruments or models. So partnering with NGA for example. Changes in drinking water supplies, especially near cities. We talked about having an understanding of mining effects and effects on communities. We have examples where it's been very difficult to get river discharge data. The Nile is one, I think the current data is eight years old so current data, discharge data from the Nile from the Ganges and it's from other rivers. Data on different scales is important, especially local scales, weather data, underground structure if possible and this is related back up to the human water usage and infrastructure but where it's possible metered irrigation data. So we looked at where the new types of activities or data sets that where NGA could devote resources for and we talked about drone based measurements to cover for in situ data sets. Improved computational resources and image processing such as going through Landsat for all the well locations that used as an example. Metadata standards, so metadata on what sort of data we might ask from NGA or the types of data NGA could share with other agencies or with unclassified data that could be shared with academics and other institutions. It could, NGA could facilitate academic research collaborations that way we could exploit or work on the existing remote sensing data sets to use for groundwater based studies and interdisciplinary collaborations such as NGA already works with Department of State on the Worldwide Human Geography Data Working Group. So projects like that NGA could sponsor more to work with other agencies. The last question. All right, so what are some examples of the successful collaboration opportunities and what are the promising partnerships that could help advise our understanding? So again, from the collaborative side of thing a real focus on new funding possibilities for interdisciplinary research and this is just pointing to some existing programs that focus on the interdisciplinary aspect but again, thinking beyond the groundwater system of really bringing in the human aspect to that. And so studies that are bridging both the physical and the human aspects of these systems. And I think for most of these we just kind of listed out that again, the big piece was a focus on interdisciplinary research. It allows you to look at both sides of the problem and then the rest is just potential partners that seem obvious for this type of work at a global scale. And then again, the last piece was again, bringing in the insurance world is also quite vested in a lot of these things. And this is another avenue for potential collaborations that go beyond just the scientific or the nonprofit groups. So we talked about a number of different examples and some promising partnerships. For in terms of examples, USGS had a project in Brazil mapping irrigated land, which was quite successful. It was an example of a successful collaboration. The advisory committee for water information has a subcommittee on groundwater. And that I think could be a potential partnership as well as an example of interagency coordination. The National Groundwater Monitoring Network is an example of collaboration and something that we could contribute to. There was an example of a partnership in Israel. Working on groundwater and surface water. And this was through USDA. USDA also has relationships with Jordan, China and Britain. USGS had some examples of collaborations in a number of different countries where they developed a groundwater model. I believe that was the Nubian aquifer example. The NASA Applied Sciences program works with a number of different agencies, both in country as well as internationally. And I think the other group also brought up Applied Sciences, NASA-Serveer is another example, NASA-USAID-Serveer, I should say. We talked about the Infuse Project where researchers write proposals and get funded to do their work. Signals in soil is USDA. It's that's in partnership with NSF and both can fund international activities. NSF Pire, Coasts and People. We're not sure though that groundwater could be tied to these. The USDA has a new water quality sub-priority and they are funding proposals and groundwater may be underfunded. This is called the Agricultural Food Research Initiative and I think they're due August 1st, is what I heard. Yes. And then lastly, the USGS is undergoing a modernization effort, the National Water Information System is becoming modernized and that's a potential for partnership. Our list is much smaller. There were a few successful examples that were talked about, the FAO Water Accounting Project that was brought on as one of the successful examples. The NASA collaboration with the UN Environmental Groups, especially the UN SDG, the Sustainable Development Groups, Sustainable Development Goals work, I think under the geo banner, as well as the other geo, the Group on Earth Observations Project, the Geoglows on Global Water Sustainability. And the GRACE program was brought on as an example of similar successful work where gravimetric measurements have been used successfully for groundwater measurements.