First of all, disclaimer for everyone here. If you're here thinking I'm talking about IP as internet protocol I hate to make it disappointed, but this is IP as in intellectual property, not IP internet protocol So we're not doing that talk It would be very strange to use OpenChain as a management tool for that kind of IP So anyhow, just to gauge the room is everyone familiar with OpenChain already? Seeing most people are good. We'll anyhow cover what OpenChain is just as sort of covering the fundamentals for everyone It's comfortable with what we're talking about But starting here, I have a confession to make. I am a former patent guy I used to work with the IP department of Ericsson the patent department I did that for a long time before joining the Ericsson Ospo So these are sort of my observations on how OpenChain is useful To get your Ospo or your open source compliance team to talk to your IP team Because in terms of compliance Both teams share a lot in common in terms of goals. They both have the goal of reducing the risk for the company by good compliance But open source is seen as sort of a strange thing for for the IP department So they don't really understand it So they could really become a valuable ally to you in in terms of Getting proper compliance process implemented and getting the company to take this seriously But we'll we'll get there in this talk So Some of you have seen this slide before because I always do it because it's a very good slide and I like to reuse So this is the open source awareness curve at the IP function in the company or the IP department So the first stage is we don't use open source Do we I think that Everyone sooner or later come to realize that we use open source. Not only do we use open source? We use a lot of open source Extreme amounts of open source in in our company. It's 80 to 90 percent open source in our products in terms of lines of code So the next stage you enter into bargaining as an IP person. Can we please stop doing this? It's strange I don't understand it. I don't want us using this. I only see risk here No, we're not gonna stop using open source It'd be laughter that laugh out of the the room if you have suggested at engineers, right? So what can you do you enter the depression stage? We are screwed. We can stop using the source I don't understand this with how should I do? Hopefully you emerge somewhere on on the other side as sort of the acceptance stage in Okay, we need to be smart about this and we need to develop strategies and processes to manage open source and manage the associated IP risk that comes with it so I Want to show in this talk sort of how open chain is a very useful tool to get IP people to the the acceptance stage where we offer them sort of a full methodology of Doing it and we do it in in in the boring form of an ISO standard So of course, it must be good because it's an ISO standard, right? We need to take that seriously So what's my job? I think this is sort of relevant for what is talk as well in terms of how how I view myself as sort of an IP person gone Fully to the open source side and instead of what I'm able to do and sort of how you it I'm partly a lawyer I'm partly a guardian for for the the IP. I'm partly an enabler of us making open source contributions Partly I tried to solve problems. I'm a bit of a psychologist to people bit of a technologies to lawyers I know more technology than them. I don't know more technology than my engineers differently But I'm at least able to translate sometimes Gardner in the sense that we need to grow an internal culture around open source Translator in terms of trying to translate What does these mean in the open source context to what does this mean the IP context and and how do we get people talking to We're out to each other and I think everyone here can relate to the fact that we're all sort of cultural anthropologists in the sense that we live among this strange tribe of open source people observing how they work right So I want to also say a few words about my employer Ericsson and just why Sort of it's a relevant then then the context I'm talking about when I talk about IP and Ericsson because for us It's it's a huge business asset so we have This is it's just some facts about the company we don't have to just spend too much time here But we can move on to I thought I had a slide on that apparently I did not have a slide on that Here it is. Sorry the number in in terms of patents. We have more than 60,000 granted patents worldwide and We generate about a billion US dollars a year in licensing revenue for those So of course our our IP division is our patent department is very much driving a business of their own, right? That need that's an asset that needs to be protected We need to balance our open source need versus our IP needs and get both to support each other So how have things happened in Ericsson what is is sort of our open source journey We have as many other have covered here today. We've gone from seeing it as as technology supply It's just something we pick up at something we use To being realizing there is it's no free lunch. We need to be part of it. We need to be contributing here And in terms of of joining up and being part of the community and contributing and and sort of all these things have Led us to get there eventually and virtualization of the networks. That's really been been a key driver in that In terms of of the volume of open source we use at Ericsson We have that have sort of scaled and trended upwards immensely as well from 6,000 Components and components doesn't then include dependencies. It's just top-level individual components that being brought in 6,000 in 2006 to 22,000 and on track to be a lot more than that in 23 So we consume a lot of open source. We have a lot of patents. They generate a lot of value Those are three key to take away so far Some of the projects that are super relevant for us is Sort of seen here. I think a lot of the projects are or represented here today The project I care about is the one over there open chain I care about the other ones as well, but that's that one. This is very close to my heart We don't have to cover how we we are organized But in terms of over Ospo it it's sort of I like to view it as three C's it's consumption It's contributing and it's compliance and it all starts with consumption if we didn't consume any open source We would not need to contribute to any open source, right? That's where it all starts So we use open source that leads to need to contribute, but we need to do all this with good compliance That's not the need to have for any or a good to have It's a need to have for us to be able to do this in a good way. We need to do it with good processes So some of the risks we talk about internally in Ericsson are sort of These and and you will see IPR as in in intellectual property rights are sort of On both sides here and something that needs to be managed and or and a risk that needs to be understood The fun thing is when one sort of when we add in the context of M&A's then we're not only And we're dealing with all of this but we're dealing with all of it as once for companies we acquire, right? So in that context We're dealing with the company all of our companies old sins And I have another talk that I've done another time on sort of how is open-chain useful as a tool in M&A transactions Those of you that those of you if you will attend the open compliance summit I think there is a panel on that as well If you're interested and I hope you're able to join us with that So that's the context that sort of Ericsson's view on on we have a lot of IP assets. We're using a lot of open source And we need to balance the needs of the company here So how do we get sort of understanding on both sides here? And here we have open-chain as sort of one of the solutions and one of the The ways to address this So what we have is I'm just gonna quickly go over open-chain And then we're gonna try to translate this into IP language and IP speak if you will so What open-chain sort of dictates it doesn't dictate the how right it just dictates what? What on a high level what do you need right?  Okay, but open-chain will not tell you what that open-source policy should be That open-source policy and to be conformant with this might very well be No use of open source at all That's our policy I mean, it's a valid policy according to this. It's a bad policy But that's that's up for you to decide right what you want in your company You can still be conformant with such a policy It's not a very good policy, but open-chain doesn't go in to tell you The why it's a bad policy or what your policy should be it just says you should have a policy And the same goes for that the relevant staff has undergone training related to open source It doesn't go into the details of what that training should be or what it should cover or what it should look like There should be training and you need to define what the relevant staff is for how you scope your program We offer training material. I think arm very generously a few years ago Contributed their entire training deck to open chain So anyone can go online and find ready-made material But we're not going to tell you that you need to have use this training Can develop your own training cover the things that are relevant for your company and your situation, right? Open chain also says there should be a process for addressing open source software compliance in inbound software the software we consume That's very very reasonable and there should be a process for addressing open source software compliance during internal development And also for addressing open source software compliance in outbound products and services So that we covered in tire chain here in in terms of Of open source license of open source software compliance Then there should be a process for managing outbound open source contributions Again, we don't tell you what that process should be like We have says you should have a process if your process is every engineer is free to contribute to any project They like that's a valid process. That's good. You can have that Um, and then there should be documentation on how do we accomplish this? How do we go about? How are all these things done that should be documented? Uh, and there should be open source compliance artifacts that are structured sort of That the proof of this should be structured the same as every other company using the standards so that we can Easily verify if you're compliant to the standard because what we have in open chain is that it's a self certification We have external certification available. But the baseline is that you certify yourself, right? And then it's up to your customers to See, oh your your conformance to this you say can we see your your Conformance artifacts or compliance artifacts so we can verify That you are a conformance and that way sort of the market takes care of offsetting a minimum accepted bar In in that context, right? Much more on that later So what is sort of the intellectual property issues with open source? I would say one is that open source is seen as scary. That's the scary thing. They don't we don't really understand, right? It's a very different ip mindset in culture There's very little common language between traditional ip management Professionals and the open source community They're often very different or slightly different Missions in these organizations It's to some degree. It's different ideolo ideologies. That was a hard word between the organizations And open source is fundamentally it's based on copyright And that's a very hard ip right to manage because it's not a registered right. It just exists, right? So I don't think anyone here can honestly say that they know about all the copyright their company holds Because it's not registered anywhere. It's not it's not actively managed in the same way as a patent where you Every year you need to pay to keep the patent alive, right? That gives you an incentive to actively manage these assets, but with copyright. It's we have everything. It's it's just there It's managed, right? So we're going to cover a little bit on sort of how to resolve those issues But i'm going to give you a sort of quick translation guide here for For open chain to ip management or ip language if you will So we covered that the organization Has an open source policy. Okay. So in ip management terms, this means that the company accepts The company at the policy level sets what third party the ip dependencies are we willing to accept? Because in ip terms open source is it's not a software asset. This is not that it just represents ip that is external to the company That we have a dependency on So third party ip dependency sorry So here it's just with the policy we say, okay We are willing to accept third party ip dependencies if they're under permissive licenses, perhaps But we're not willing to accept copyleft Terms for our third party ip dependencies Or we go more detailed and say, uh, we're willing to accept copyleft provisions, but not Not if they have a network trigger such as adp l and not in in this particular product So secondly the relevant staff has undergone training to relate to open source. So in ip terms, it's That ip managers needs to understand this third party ip dependency To make you know informed decisions and not decisions based on on the wrong facts They need to understand it. Perhaps not everyone in the ip department or patent department needs to understand that But at least to some degree people do need to understand it so that there's someone who really understands that And that goes to address the first point we had before that open source is scary If you know about it, it's not scary. It might be Detailed and might be complex and complicated, but it's not scary So the third point here in That there is a process for addressing open source software compliance frame bound software It's that's just about making sure that ip risks in terms of compliance risks are managed already when you bring in the software, right? So already as as early as possible you manage these risks and when managing them in In in the product internal development Then it's about managing it in Each specific use case. So intake. Okay, then we have the specific use case. So that's bring us any particular ip risk problems. Okay, then we manage it there And then finally managing it in when in the released product. Okay, that's making sure that ip risks are managed in each When we release it to the market So that we have through the entire chain managed ip risk And to some degree, I think most here that that has patent department or an ip team They are doing this for your products anyhow But they probably don't have open source and open source compliance as part of that process Because they need to make sure that they have secured The adequate licenses to put the product on the market. It might be trademark licenses. It might be Uh licenses for proprietary software and it might be patent licenses they need But they probably have a process to manage ip risk It's just about getting open source and open source license compliance into that process Or at least make sure that they know about it and they care about it and that they Sort of support you in managing that risk So that they see that this is a risk they should care about and it's it's a risk that fits well into their existing structure and Finally the part about the open source contributions and having a process for that That's about ensuring that if you have valuable patents that You agree is not Would not be better off in an open source setting It might be where you intend to keep a competitive advantage or you actually intend to exclude because that's where you build on top Then of course, there should be a process that ensures that no unintended ip leakage happens and I think that's where Most ip organizations are afraid with open source that they they see that if we contribute we would lose These assets again It's about the information that that risk is is limited in most cases Do what you actually contribute and you're in control and you can put these Processes they shouldn't be too heavy because that hinders contribution But there should be some process that gives sort of peace of mind to everyone right And finally that there is documentation for how all of this is accomplished in lawyer terms. That's about Excuse my language covering your ass To make sure that I have documented all these things There's documentations all the way for all of this So no one can come after me and claim I didn't do anything or that we didn't have a process because it's documented So what's the ip solution then in in terms of what's scary? So what's what's the ip solution? I will think that Either you can go with saying that open source is here to stay deal with it I don't think that's necessarily sort of very productive Instead I think that creating allies out of the the patent department or the ip department Ultimate because ultimately you share a goal in reducing risk And open source license compliance is about reducing risk. It's about us doing the right thing But for the company it's about us reducing risk for them, right? And the more mature the the ip department is the easier is that conversation I mean, I think everyone or most here is familiar with the ospo maturity model I think there's a similar model for ip departments But I think the more mature the ospo the more mature the the ip department I think We are probably better off speaking to each other at that level If one is very immature and one is very mature Then there is a disalignment in sort of the levels people are talking at So I'll skip this but but the ip department's Maturity model then we can compare that to the the ospo maturity model But essentially I mean stage zero that's establishing an ip department. I think that With ospo's we probably will get to the same state with us with an ip department It's just something you have right. It's just good operations. Someone needs to manage that I don't think there's any major company today that questions need to have an ip department Or a patent department that manages patents and trademarks and trade secrets Hopefully we would get there with With ospo's as well. It's not something that's questioned. It's just parts of good operation If it's called an ospo if it's called an open source office if it's called the open source group That's less important, right? But but having somewhere where you manage open source Hopefully get there so stage one of the maturity Model is really having an ip strategy just on patent patent not just anything that's patentable, right? Because I think most Most companies have more patentable ideas than their budget to file patents There's a good reason for that. You don't need to patent every idea. It's no point. It should support your strategy Second stage is very similar to To the ospo stage it's about providing ip education awareness and services internally Making sure that people are aware that that they should file patents and and sort of how they can be used in the business third stage is viewing ip as a business asset that can create value slash licensing income But the fourth stage I would say is exactly identical to the To the ospo model in terms of leadership that Become a strategic business decision making partner for the company and for the other parts of the company And here I will say it's would be especially important to become that to the ospo And for the ospo to be a strategic partner for the ip department I will say we are not there with ericsson, but I would like us to get there um Further some Addressing some of the concerns here that open source is scary with that education, right? Educator ip organization Uh, they should be part of your open chain education program if they Are not already at least some of the managers should be So that they get an understanding for open source what it is what its potential benefits are then It's a very different the part about the different mindset I mean find common values agree to move forward with what's best for the business Because in fact sometimes there will be hard trade-offs that needs to be made. This is a valuable patent If we make this open source contribution that will be made really available for anyone in this community Okay, that that's a liability for the ip department But the business value of making that contribution might be much much higher in terms of what you get back, right? And sometimes the opposite might be true the value of this patent is actually greater than than the value of this contribution so The the the idea is is not to optimize for your team. It's to optimize for the company, right? And that's putting ego and short-sighted thinking aside and that's very hard to do But at least agreeing on that baseline is very good The fact that there's very little common language that exists between ip and open source I think education there again And using open chain as a common language and understanding that in terms of of ip the ideal Ideology of open source and the sort of all the touch of feeling good reasons why we should do open source doesn't apply, right? It's it's not really applicable to that So it's about using open chain as sort of a very hard coded Hard coded translation guide essentially and get an understanding that The ip team doesn't necessarily view open source As any different from anything else. It's it's just an ip dependency a third party ip dependency They'd not control but where they the difference between Normal ip dependencies is that they would have negotiated that they would have been negotiated contract that that created that You don't negotiate open source licenses. You take them as is The other scary part here That I didn't cover in this slide is probably the fact that a lot of these licenses They lack sort of basic legal provisions In terms of there's very few licenses that has you know a choice of law provision, right? Or a conflict resolution clause Or penalties clause except for that your license is cancelled Those are like very basic provisions that as a lawyer you're taught that all agreements should have these things Very few open source licenses do and for very good reason I don't think we've seen any successful or major open source licenses that have a choice of law provision For example, and I mean that that could be a liability, but it certainly helps with uptake I think probably one of if not the least successful open source licenses Was the airline public license which ericsson released in 99 and it had the funny clause that The in terms of dispute the the governing law was swedish law And the where you should go to settle the matter was the stock on district court And I think that was part of hindering its uptake Because if you're a lawyer at the japanese or a chinese or for that matter a u.s company you look at this in like Sweden I don't know if that's where they make the chocolate or the watches or if that's ikea I know even less about their laws. I'm not going to recommend my client to use this Because I don't know anything about and I can't in good faith advice I mean you probably have more lawyers in the u.s than you have swedish people so It just shows that it's not really a good idea to always craft the perfect license, right It was a very good license from a legal point of view from an open source point of view and an adoption point of view Horrible and that's why we changed it to a patchy Some 20 years later Perhaps a little bit too late, but but at least we did it eventually um So sorry that was sidetrack back back to my slide here On the different missions. So the ip team wants to maximize the value of the company's ip portfolio and protect that value I think sort of here The goal to come over that is really prove that making it available as open stores Is the best way to do that that you get greater value from this ip by making it available Because you will get all of these other benefits and I were super happy with the sony presentation Before just showing the value of data, right? And it's the same here if you can have a data driven approach to prove this Then I think you will have a very easy time convincing everyone Because ultimately It's it's what the ip team wants is just to maximize the ip It's not that they don't want you to do things they just want to maximize the value of the ip because that's the asset They're they're there to protect and if you can prove that this enhances the value of the ip Or at least it doesn't decrease the value of the ip then I think everyone is happy different ideologies, I think it's sort of Sure, we have different approaches to things and collaborations, but fundamentally We should share the same ultimate goal of success of the organization and the company we're in So again aligning on that fundamental and agreeing that sometimes it will mean that sort of your interest will have stand back Sometimes my interest will have to stand back and sometimes You know the business unit's interest will have to stand back for sort of the greater good of the company And open source is As I said, it's it's copyright. It's fundamentally hard to manage that But I think at least bring it up that we probably have a large part of our ip assets in this company That is completely unmanaged because no one is taking overall responsibility for the ip that is open source You are taking responsibility for the patents for the trademarks, but those are easy to track right so we probably in the same way as we we Need to evolve to take Take data seriously and actively manage that. We need to actively manage copyright and and and open source So again, if I haven't already convinced you on On why open chain? I think it's it's Japan proves this very well. There's a very very active community around open chain That could help you in adoption And we have for for example for the ip topic We have a white paper published that I co-wrote with a colleague For other things we have other resources, but the point here is you don't have to reinvent the wheel when adopting open chain There's there's so much already done the github is A that we have is a great resource. It's somewhat unstructured and perhaps we should look at that, but it's still a great collection of resources And if you then in trying to adopt open chain if you can get the ip or patent department on your side in this As a risk reduction tool I think you will have Gained a lot because they have access to Different parts of the company and different parts of the organization. You are probably don't have the same access to So they can really help you champion in this So another point of open chain is that i'm a lawyer by training But probably not my profession these days is Lawyers are expensive and to any lawyer in the room. I'm sorry, but that's the truth, right?  How should our open source compliance program looks like? What should our espom look like instead saying we're open chain conformant And we're going to deliver you an espom according to this new spdx profile, for example That's that's removing so much friction From the conversation and i've been part of a lot of conversations with our customers Where it's sort of we start from from a position that they don't really understand open source, right? So we first need to convince them that it's not scary and we can use this And having open chain is part of that discussion and showing that this is the industry standard This is how people are managing this you don't really need to be worried about us Not managing this Good or that we introduce any risk to you because we use the industry standard and how we manage open source And for those of you that haven't joined open chain Especially if you're from from industries that are sort of underrepresented in open chain I think one of the reasons that ericsson joined open chain is that we wanted to define to our industry what good What good practices Are in in open source compliance Because otherwise again, we will face Different requirements from different customers in different parts of the industry requiring us to do different stuff If we instead join up we can define to the industry. These are best practices This is how things should be done and aligning everyone to that same vision And again, it's it's about if if you sort of Require open chain from your your suppliers. I think it helps to have the credibility to be involved in this And to be certified yourself even if it's a self certification. I think that really helps in in your credibility And Finally again, you don't have to go at this alone It's it's sort of the open chain community is definitely there to help you We have many many different working groups. We have many many different Different for us for people to meet to talk We have the open compliance summit next week. We're open chain is sort of one of the the major topics that will be discussed But this message rings through for the context of this talk as well that you don't have to do it alone in your company as well Find allies in the company whose mission of risk reduction sort of resonates with your own And get them on your side for for the benefit of rolling out open chain as a mechanism of risk reduction That could be the legal department. That could be the ip department. It could be your security team And then looking at our security specification because that that's it's not a mirror image, but it's very similar to To our license compliance spec So if you adopt one, you will have a very easy journey adopting the others So find those allies and find those communities internally Whose mission and values alliance to your own? I think that will make a Open chain adoption journey so much easier At least it has done that in in in our case Because then then you get a far wider reach So with that any questions Thank you for the great presentation and I have one question How is your hospital configured who is involved in because It's a little difficult to contact with between the ospo to with legal department ip department. It's the first step for us Yes, so so our ospo is from It's organized under the cto office a group function technology And then we sit in the standardization group. I think the One of the ideas with that was that we realized that we need to do open source with sort of the same diligence And the same professionalism that we do that we do open standards So that was one of the reasons to put there. There's other reasons as well So if you're ospo is organized sort of From from ip or from legal Then I think You will have less of these problems, right? I still think that sort of depending on on where you end up you might still need to realign With them from time to times But just definitely I think this this is a problem And this is a view that comes partly at least from the fact that we are Not organized and we're not founded with compliance as sort of the The first mission we had it was just on the list of things we needed to do when we established So we don't come from from a licensed compliance Baseline so we were more like on the contribution and culture baseline without having done that thing first which could create some problems Any other questions if not, I will give everyone five minutes earlier lives back and five minutes earlier coffee


Welcome to class 11 of the topics in power electronics and distributed generation. In the last class, we were talking about grounding of distribution systems. We looked at the need and the possible methods for grounding of distribution systems. In terms of the grounding of sources, you can have an ungrounded source or a delta type of source. In which case, in terms of the actual implementation, an IT type of secondary distribution grounding grounded network is similar to what would be for this type of system. The source is ungrounded, but the loads frames is connected to ground. Then you can have a solid grounded system, in which case the source neutral is connected solidly to ground. The ground point which is the neutral is now distributed to loads. The T n network is a example of such a secondary distribution network, grounding situation. The third scenario that we were talking about is a impedance grounded source. So, we are talking about having a impedance now connected between the neutral of the transformer on the y side and the earth, the earthing terminal. It can be a resistance or a reactance. You can have the possibility of high impedance or a low impedance grounding. We saw in the last class an example of a small value of reactance, which is connected between the neutral and the ground. We saw that in such a situation, when you have a single line to ground fault, then your phase voltages is somewhere. Now, in between that of a solidly grounded system and an ungrounded system, in terms of the fault current level, it is the current magnitude is high. It may be sufficient to trip a instantaneous time over current characteristic, but it is not so high that it might cause very severe arcs at the point of fault. These issues are important from the single line to ground fault perspective, because the majority of faults are actually occurring on a line to ground basis. Now, we will look at a case of a high impedance to ground fault. We are looking at a case where a large value of resistance is now added between say the neutral and the ground. The objective in this particular case would be to keep your fault current level quite small. So, we are talking about a high resistance grounding low say something like say 0.1 to 0.2 per unit range of the order of 10 percent. Typical current value is less than 10 amps typically, but it cannot be extremely tiny either. We saw that if an ungrounded system, if you have no physical path to ground, you would excite the parasitic capacitances of the line. So, typically you would keep the current through the resistor to be greater than 3 times the high capacitive current capacitive charging current through for that particular distribution network. So, that you get adequate damping for possible oscillations between your physical inductances of your components and the parasitic capacitance. So, in this particular case because the current level is so low, your single line to ground fault can continue for a long time after the fault inception. So, instead of waiting for an unanticipated point at which you would need to come in and do the repairs, you could maybe come in at night when everything is shut down, then go in and do the repair and clear the point at which you are having the line to ground fault. And your resistance is sufficient to damp parasitic capacitance and what we saw was you can have arcing at the point of fault and the arc the current through the arc need not be symmetric in the positive and negative half cycle. So, there is always a possibility of level shifting of your distribution feeder in case you are having an arcing fault and now your resistance provides DC path to ground to discharge possible level shifting. So, however in this particular case what you would see is that the after you have the fault the unfaulted phase would see the conductors would see voltage line to line voltage on a conductor to ground basis. So, your insulation and your O voltage protection and its coordination need to consider the fact that you would have sustained line to line voltage possibly occurring on a line to ground basis. So, if you look at the IT type of distribution network that we discussed earlier it is quite close to what the high resistance grounding situation is going to be in terms of its characteristics. So, you can actually look at that as a case where that value of the resistance is made to be really high just to look at your parasitic capacitance to prevent oscillations of your parasitic capacitance with your in your distribution network. So, you can think about the IT distribution secondary distribution network as a example of this particular situation. So, we will look at example of high resistance grounding. So, we will look at an example where you have a source and say this is delta y and the y is connected through resistance of say 5 per unit and you have a circuit breaker and say the impedance x l of the transformer is say 5 percent and you have a single line to ground fault occurring somewhere down the distribution line. So, if you look at what would be the corresponding fault current in this case you can draw the sequence network to analyze the fault current. So, you have your source with 1 per unit voltage your negative sequence network is just the impedance j 0.05 and your 0 sequence network is just the is a combination of the reactance plus 3 times the grounding impedance resistance which is 15. So, if you calculate the fault current your I f is now equal to 1 by. So, your fault current is is about point I f by 3. So, your I f is about point 2 per unit. So, you can see that with a point 2 per unit current you will not trip a circuit breaker because your load current itself might be 1 per unit. So, your over current trip will not function. So, if s 1 is a circuit breaker can see that s 1 will not trip and if you look at what the voltages are the voltage V a V b V c would be similar to what we calculated in the ungrounded case. So, one way in which then you could sense that a fault has happened is by looking at your voltages. So, if you see that your voltages on one phase has come down to 0 and the other phase has gone to line to line voltage with respect to ground then it means that there is a single line to ground fault somewhere on the system then the question is where is that particular fault there is another question, but you know that there is a fault when you see the shift in voltage. You could calculate. So, you can calculate the power dissipation in the resistor because after you have a fault potentially the resistor will stay connected in the circuit for a longer duration till the planned scheduled maintenance comes in. So, you are talking in this particular case of about 0.2 divided by 3 about 7 percent power is getting dissipated till your fault gets cleared in the grounding resistor. .. So, other ways of doing people have also looked at possibility of having high inductance grounding though it is not very common because you need to damp your L C oscillations and for damping you need a resistance. People have also looked at something called resonant grounding where you have a inductor with your parasitic capacitance tuned. So, that it is resonant at 50 hertz. So, in that particular case you are you might have some advantage that in a resonant circuit your parallel resonant circuit your current drawn from the source is in phase with your voltage because and the current is drawn only into your loss in the branch that contain losses. So, you have in phase voltage and current and having in phase voltage and current means your voltage 0 crossing and current 0 crossing is occurring close to each other. So, you have a possibility of self extinguishing the arcs in the fault because when the current goes to 0 even the voltage is 0. So, your arc might go away in your insulator, but it means that you have very good control of your parasitic capacitance which is not necessarily true people might switch in loads switch out loads. So, in a control situation you have such possibilities, but not in general. So, if you look at then the other possibility of when you look at the grounding of the source with the load you have the t t secondary distribution network where the first T corresponds to having a ground solid ground at your source and the second T corresponds to having grounding solid grounded electrodes at the loads. So, what is shown over here is a example of a t t network the y point is connected to power earth at the source the neutral is distributed to all the loads. So, you have 3 phase 4 wire distribution potentially each load can have its own grounding electrode. So, in this example we have shown what we have we see is load 1 and 2 has a common grounding electrode P e 2 load 3 has another its own grounding electrode it might be big housing structure load 1 and load 2 load 3 must be might could be the next house. So, it could be you can have different possibilities of your t t grounding network the one of the main thing to consider in such a while analyzing such a system is that when you have a grounding electrode inserted into the earth then you have actually the resistance earth resistance between your earth in conductor and your physical ground. So, you have what is shown over here as a connection to earth physically is actually you might have a point you might have some contact resistance to the deep earth and then you have the physical deep earth which would be considered to be at 0 potential. And you look at your typical earthing resistance you it is a number which can vary common values range from 4 ohms to 10 ohms it depends on a variety of conditions like the how much wetness is there for the soil the salinity of the soil whether the conductor is highly corroded or it is a relatively well maintained conductor. So, there can be a variation in the value of resistance, but these are some of the typical numbers that people consider for the grounding resistance. .. And if you look at the ground fault current in this particular case. So, the first thing to consider is the earthing earth contact resistance and that need not be uniform and what you would see is that the level of ground fault current is might be sufficient to create to clear low rated circuit breakers or circuit breakers of the order of 10 amps, but not high current circuit breakers. And when we say low voltage network we are talking about voltage less than 1000 volts is what people traditionally call low voltage network. And we will see this in an example we will do an example to see that the fault current level may not be large enough in all situations. And you can actually also make your ground fault current you can have ground fault current detection based protection which can be made sensitive. Say for example, when you are having situations where people might commonly use electrical appliance and there is a concern of safety you can have say areas like kitchen, bathrooms etcetera where the ground might be wet there is a chance of increase shock. So, you can try to set your ground fault detection current levels to be quite tight. So, that is to ensure that people do not get severe problem because of electric shock. So, we will look at an example of a T T distribution. And we are looking at say we will look at an example where say you have a 2 MVA source, 2 MVA transformer and say your leakage inductance is say 4 percent and the secondary network is 415 volts. And we will assume your resistance to earth is 5 ohms at each electrode. So, if you are looking at 2 MVA 415 volt network you are talking about I rated which is 2 MVA divided by 415 divided by root 3. So, you have about 2.8 kilo ohms. So, these are thick multi conductor cables that might be connected in such a situation. And we will look at an example where you have a single line to ground fault in load 1. So, you have a fault in load 1 and you look at your transformer reactance the 4 percent reactance in this particular case corresponds to J 7 milli ohms 7 into 10 to the power of minus 3 ohms is the reactance of the transformer. And then we could look at what is the resulting fault current in a situation such as this. So, we can draw the sequence network to figure out the fault current. So, you have your positive sequence network 415 by root 3 is a voltage your reactance is J 7 into 10 to the power of minus 3 your 0 sequences. And then if you look at your source on the source side you have the resistance between your grounding electrode and deep earth which is 5 ohms. So, that acts now as a effective grounding resistance of 15 ohms in your 0 sequence network.  So, that can be treated as a resistance. So, you could think of this point as P e 2 and this point as P e 1 and this point as your deep earth or your physical may be 0 voltage point. Then you can look at then your fault current and I f by 3 is now 240 volts divided by 15 plus 15 because the 7 milli ohms is quite negligible compared to your 15 ohms. So, your fault current level is about 24 amps. So, you can clearly see that 24 amps is a tiny percentage of your 2800 amps rating of your main circuit. So, obviously you will not see a over current tripping at the of your main breaker which is carrying your fault current. You could actually calculate what your touch potential is if say a person is over here and the person say touches load 2. Because you now have a current flowing through power of 2 and you have a resistance between your earth and your there is a contact resistance the frame the frame of load 1 and load 2 will get elevated when you have a single line to ground fault. And you could calculate what that particular voltage is and if you look at the sequence network that is essentially corresponding to the P e 2 point. So, touch potential at load 1 so with 120 volts you will definitely feel a shock if you actually touch a cabinet at that particular voltage level similar same thing at load 2. If you look at load L 3 so if you have a person now standing over here and touching load 3 with respect to power earth 3 the there is no current flowing into power earth 3. So, with that particular location the person will not get a shock. So, the all the loads connected parallely which has its own independent earth you do not see elevated touch potential. But within the particular load it may be a house or something like that you would see elevated touch potentials. So, you have seen the situation where you have some old aged wiring in a house and suddenly you go and touch different equipment you might get a shock because with in that particular establishment you might have now elevated touch potentials for your equipment. So, it is important to ensure that your quality of your wiring etcetera is good otherwise you end up having problems of possible shocks when you are touching equipment within a common ground load which has its common ground through which the current is actually flowing in. And you can see that just over current fault might be sufficient to clear may be 24 amps may be sufficient to clear a 10 amps circuit breaker, but definitely it will not clear 30 amps circuit breaker it will not clear 100 amps circuit breaker. So, in a situation where you are having high rated loads you cannot just depend on over current to give you protection you would need protection from ground fault current detection. And if you have something like 24 amps flowing through a circuit which is designed to carry may be 20 amps or 30 amps it means that your conductors would get hot. So, there is actually a potential for eventually having electrical fires. So, you have to ensure that the fault gets cleared or continuous over current that is flowing through the network can actually lead to possible fires. And that is something that one would need to avoid also if you if there may be some bad practices where instead of putting an actual fuse someone might have just a physical conductor strand of copper being used as a fuse. And in such situations you go and touch the fuse the fuse block will be very hot because it is carrying a high current, but not sufficient to actually interrupt the circuit and things are running hot because there is a fault somewhere in the system which you cannot identify. But for small facilities I mean for small establishment homes etcetera where your loads are typically 10 amps or less this would be a TT network would be low cost because the number of conductors that are need to be passed around is quite small and it is adequate for protection of smaller establishments. . So, at this point with this background on what can happen what type of possibilities are there in distribution systems and what can happen due to say or the issues in that are there when you have a common type of faults we can actually then look at the situation as of what would happen when you add a distributed generator source into such a network which has its own grounding characteristic. So, we look that again the IT grounding that is a type of grounding mechanism where you might have high priority for continuity of service. So, in a situation where you place greater priority for continuity of service you might put a IT type of network whereas, if you are very you feel that it is to interrupt the loads, but your fire is fire protection is something which is extremely important then you need to ensure that you have high current levels to ensure clearing of fault. So, a TN type of network will ensure that there is high fault current and it would clear the breakers in a short time frame. So, you do not have possibility of long lingering over currents and TT network is a balance you do not have the situation where one fault will cause elevated touch potential at multiple loads especially when they have independent grounding options and it is also sufficient when your establishment is drawing lower levels of current. In case it is drawing higher current levels of current you could look at additional options of actually measuring the ground fault current level and actually tripping your breakers. So, we will look at now an example where you have a distribution network and we look at the same distribution network that we studied when we looked at the issue of coordination where we had some initial fault current levels that the system was carrying and then we added the DG and we wanted to see what would happen to the fault current level. So, we look at the same network where you had the traditional the old network which is say solidly grounded and then you want to add a DG to this set up and you want to see what are the possible situations. So, when you have a fault and the fault that we would consider as say a fault f 1 just close to circuit breaker 1. So, to analyze this the fault situation we will assume that the single line to ground solid fault is occurring at f 1. So, to analyze this particular situation we will now again have to draw the sequence networks. So, you have the situation where you now have the possibility of the contribution from your main source which is a grid and also now the DG. So, your positive sequence network would consist of this reactance corresponds to the source reactance and then you have the DG which is also 1 per unit voltage and you have the reactance of the DG plus the interconnection J 0.1 and the feeder reactance which we took as J 0.03. So, this is your positive sequence network if you look at your 0 sequence your negative sequence network and if you look at your 0 sequence network on the source side you have now solid grounded network on your DG side you now see the delta side of the transformer which means that it is open. So, if you look at the example so the 0 sequence corresponding to this transformer would be a open circuit because it is delta on the on the on the this high voltage side as here you have a possible path for 0 sequence current. So, you could then calculate what what the fault current would be.  So, assuming that this particular branch was not there and this particular branch was not there you would be able to calculate I f old. So, that was 71.4 per unit for a single line to ground fault a solid single line to ground fault and I f new is the fault current that you have when the DG is connected. So, that corresponds to this particular figure which is drawn over here and that was that is 76.4 per unit. So, if you look at this particular situation you see a increased fault current level at the point of fault and you can have your breakers operating in response to the fault because you have a solid grounding over here you will see a higher current over here which might say trips circuit breaker 1. So, we look at a situation that can potentially arise if the current the way it branches out because the impedance upstream is quite small compared to the impedance back towards the DG. If the current is such that it trips say circuit breaker 1 before circuit breaker 3 then you will end up with now a new situation where then the new sequence network would be 0 sequence and this new scenario is essentially a open circuit. So, your I f your fault current level is actually 0. So, as soon as your circuit breaker 1 opens your fault will fault current would go away which means that now you will potentially energize the feeder from the DG side and there is no fault current. So, if the DG is capable of supplying your power real power to the feeder corresponding to the level of demand of the feeder then you can continue in that situation for a really long time. So, the situation over here is say your C B 1 opened and C B 3 is still closed it means that even though you have a single line to ground fault you will not actually have any fault current because your system has now become a delta ungrounded system originally it was a Y grounded system when circuit breaker 1 opened it has now become a delta type of source which means that if C B if your DG over here is capable of supporting the loads on this particular feeder it will continue to operate for a long duration of time. So, if this is actually can lead to many problems and you say for example, because you are originally solid grounding your source you might assume that you are not going to have phase to ground voltage of that is going to be large, but now because you are having a delta connected source it means that now your conductor to ground voltage can potentially go to root 3 times what is the nominal. So, it will you will see higher over voltage and systems are not designed to actually experience over voltage of 70 percent etcetera. So, you can have damage to components the DG can support the power requirement and maintain the voltage it will continue to energize the feeder and original system is solid grounded whereas, after tripping there is a possibility of over voltage and. So, what it means is that your DG circuit breaker has to trip as soon as your upstream breaker trips and the upstream breaker might trip for reason other than for fault for some reason if the breaker is opened say C B 1 is opened then now what you have is the possibility of the grounding of the system changing from one strategy to another strategy it is to have one particular strategy, but it is difficult to have systems which are changing the grounding strategy being changed when your breakers open. So, again if you look at this particular requirement what it means is that for any reason if any fault happens in the system or if circuit breaker one opens your DG has to be disconnected quite rapidly which is similar to the conclusion that we saw in the other example when we looked at the protection coordination which means that you have to make your C B 3 trip potentially not just for a fault condition, but also for any reason if C B 1 opens you need to actually open C B 3 or your grounding strategy would not be consistent. So, now if you want to make C B 3 that sensitive it will become prone to a lot of nuisance trips. So, being able to meet such a requirement is actually quite challenging and the situation where C B 1 opens and C B 3 is closed is what people refer to as a situation of an unintentional island what you have done is you have disconnected from the main grid and you are actually operating your balance of your feeder as a island which is disconnected from your main grid. So, this unintentional island has many consequences safety problems liability problems etcetera and it is important then that your DG system is not just able to detect a fault, but actually now you need to generalize and be able to detect a situation where your system your distribution system might potentially have an unintentional islanding situation. And what we will do is in the next class we will discuss this islanding issue more closely because it is a important consideration for distributed generation sources and you have not just unintentional islands you also have intentional islands will look at why people do have intentional islands primarily from power quality perspective you may want to disconnect from the grid when the grid power quality is poor. So, islanding is a important consideration especially when you are operating a distributed generation source and you can have different situations of islanding and we will discuss that in the next class. Thank you.


Welcome back to my channel and welcome if you are new here.  So if you want to see what I have in store for you for this week's meal prep just stay tuned For my breakfast this week, I'm gonna be making baked blueberry ginger Pancakes, I cannot wait for this. I'm gonna pair this with some eggs and some fruit Cannot wait. So let me show you what is in our blueberry ginger pancakes I'm gonna be doing a mix of the Bisquick heart smart the actual recipe wants you to use flour and baking powder But I'm actually gonna do half of this Bisquick heart smart pancake mix And then I'm gonna do half of my birch benders pancake mix with protein And that's going to actually add a little bit of protein to my breakfast as well So you can do it either way I'm just choosing to use these two products instead of the flour and the leveling agent So birch benders protein mix and bisquick heart smart Stevia in the raw. I'm gonna be using some Kroger carb master milk sugar-free syrup salt ginger eggs Light butter and of course some blueberries. So let's get started on our breakfast So to get started on our blueberry pancakes, we are going to add our one and a half cups of milk We're also going to add two eggs. These are room temperatures So make sure that you take your eggs out in time that they are room temperature And then we're gonna add a quarter of a cup of melted butter And we're just going to give this a mix just until everything is nice and combined Once you have your egg mixture nice and mixed together We're gonna go ahead and add in our pancake mix So remember I have one cup of the birch benders protein and I have one cup of bisquick heart smart to that I'm going to add two tablespoons of my sweetener I'm also going to add just a little bit of salt and that kind of helps bring out those flavors and ties the whole recipe together and then I'm also going to add in my ginger and it calls for about one and a half Teaspoons of ginger so we're gonna add all of that in and then once again We're gonna give this a good stir Until everything is mixed together and then we'll be ready to put this into our pan and get it into the oven Go ahead and grab out your nine by nine baking pan You're going to want to spray that with some non-stick cooking spray So get a nice coat on that and then we are ready to add in our pancake mix So go ahead and just add that in and get it as even as you can over the bottom of your pan And then our last step is we're gonna go ahead and top it with our blueberries So we have our pancake mix perfectly in the bottom of our pan And we're gonna go ahead and add our blueberries now the recipe wants you to add about two cups I'm just going to cover the entire top of my pancake mix here with the blueberries I'm not too worried if I use a little more because blueberries of course are zero points So I'm just going to go ahead and add my blueberries and then this is going to go into the oven at 350 degrees Until you can insert a toothpick and it comes out clean your cooking times of course will vary depending on your oven I do get a lot of questions about that and I do have a convection oven So mine is going to cook a little bit different than your standard oven So just kind of keep that in mind when you are following the recipe So let's go ahead and get this deliciousness into the oven while our pancakes are in the oven I'm going to get my syrup ready. So I'm going to be using these cute little reusable containers. They have little plastic lids I just throw these into the dishwasher. I picked these up at home goods So these are great just so you're not throwing away the plastic ones over and over again I'm going to add a little bit of sugar-free syrup Probably a couple of tablespoons not even enough to add a point to our pancake bake Pop the lids on these and we'll get these set aside and ready to go in to our meal prep container Look at this blueberry ginger pancake bake you guys this smells so good You can smell the spicy of the ginger the sweet of the blueberries this looks amazing So I'm going to let this cool for just a few minutes. We're going to slice this into six servings I'll get it into my meal prep container and I'll be back to show you exactly what I'm having for breakfast So here is my breakfast for the week. I am so incredibly excited for this I am going to pair this with some eggs, but I'll just be cooking the eggs right before I eat them I didn't pre-cook those so let me show you exactly what I am having First of all look at how good that looks it is delicious I tried just a little taste of it You can taste that spiciness of the ginger, but it balances it out with the sweetness of the blueberries And I did buy the wild blueberries. They're really small, but they're usually a little sweeter and this is outstanding So there is one slice of the ginger blueberry pancake bake You saw me package up my syrup and since we're on the blueberry cake I decided to have a little extra bag of blueberries as well And that will be my first fruit of the day So one sixth of the ginger blueberry pancake bake is only six smart points So with two eggs a little bit of syrup and some fruit This is going to be only a six smart point breakfast for my lunches this week I'm going to be making a sun-dried tomato feta stuffed Greek meatball with a lemon sauce sounds amazing And I'm going to pair that with a vegetable and some roasted potatoes So let me show you first what is in our meatballs and then I'll show you kind of what I'm doing as My side dishes you'll need some minced garlic Worcestershire sauce non-fat Greek yogurt salt and pepper Oregano, I'm going to be using the Trader Joe's fat-free feta cheese 99% extra lean ground turkey a Fresh lemon and then I'm adding some sun-dried tomatoes. I picked these up at Trader Joe's They have nothing added to them so they are zero smart points My veggie is going to be these flavor pack Pacific blend you guys know I love this brand of vegetables, so I'm just going to have a side of those and then we'll be roasting up some Potatoes I'll show you how I'm going to season those in the oven and we're going to have that along with our meatballs So the first thing we need to do is I'm in a roughly chop some sun-dried tomatoes I'm also going to dice up my potatoes and put them in a bowl here to season We're also going to zest and juice our lemon. So let's get everything chopped up so we can start on these meatballs Put together our meatballs. I'm going to be doing mine just a little bit different than the recipe The recipe wants you to stuff your meatballs with feta since I'm using crumbled feta I'm not going to do that I'm just actually going to mix the feta in here with all of the rest of my meatball ingredients So I have one pound of my 99% fat-free turkey. I'm going to put in two-thirds cup of my crumbled feta two cloves of garlic I'm going to add some oregano. It wants about one and a half teaspoons per the recipe So I'm just going to kind of eyeball the oregano And then I'm also going to add about one tablespoon of worcestershire sauce And we're going to grind in a little bit of pepper here. It says 20 grinds are to your liking So again, you would just want to do this to your taste buds I like a lot of pepper so I'm going to put quite a bit into mine and then lastly We're going to put in a little bit of salt Give this a good mix before we add in our lemon zest and our lemon juice So get that nice and mixed together so that it feta and all those spices are nice and incorporated together Once you have your meat mixture nice and combined. This looks really really good with that feta in there We're going to go ahead and add our sun-dried tomatoes And I just kind of added what I wanted into my meatballs We're also going to add about two teaspoons of lemon juice And we're going to add about half of our lemon zest You want to reserve the rest of your lemon zest for your sauce that's going to go over these meatballs So get that nice and stirred together And then we'll be ready to roll these into meatballs and get these cooking on the stove Go ahead and grab out whatever pan it is that you're going to cook your meatballs in I did spray it with some non-stick cooking spray. Here's our meatball mixture. This looks delicious So now it's time to dig in with your hands and we are just going to form these into meatballs You can do whatever size that you want. So I'm going to go ahead and just make mine About that big and I think that's the perfect size and then I'll just divide out the number of meatballs I get out of the batch for the number of servings and figure the points based on that But I will give you kind of a heads up These are probably going to be zero point meatballs if anything they may be a point with the feta cheese So I just have to kind of figure out exactly how many meatballs I get and yeah, we're looking at a zero or one Smart point meatballs. So let's get these rolled out and into our pan So here are our meatballs look at these yum So I'm going to go ahead and get these on the stove and while these are starting to cook down Let's season up our potatoes get them on a sheet pan and get those into the oven as well So for our potatoes, I have them here in a bowl. I'm going to add a little bit of salt And pepper to our potatoes And then we're also going to add my very favorite seasoning in the whole world and that is the Dax Seasoning this is the original red. These are amazing because they are no salt no MSG Nothing artificial. So these are great if you're watching your salt the day before weigh-in But the flavor of these is so good. It's so strong and pure and fresh and real and they are really truly An amazing spice. They have over 20 on their website. I love the original red the green zest the pumpkin spice Really, all of them are so good. I do have a 10 off discount code for Dax It is here on the screen for you. Not only will it give you 10 off It will also give you free shipping. So head over to Dax check them out You will not be sorry and again no salt you guys so great if you're watching your salt or before weigh-in So today I'm using the original red This one does have a little bit of a kick to it Which I like you don't need very much because the spice is so concentrated and real You don't need as much when you're seasoning your food, which is also a good thing So I'm going to give this kind of a quick stir get the salt pepper and Dax kind of mix together And then I'm going to just coat them lightly with my non-stick cooking spray And again give that another quick mix and then we're ready to put these into the oven on our sheet pan At 375 until they are roasted completely through So let me get these onto the sheet pan and I'll be back to show you them before they go into the oven So I've went ahead and lined my sheet pan here with some parchment paper And I'm just going to drop my potatoes. Look at that Alrighty, so we're going to go ahead and move that right over here There we go And we're going to go ahead and drop our potatoes onto the parchment paper On our sheet pan. This just allows for a little bit faster easier cleanup So get those laid out as evenly as you can into a single layer They'll just cook and roast up a little bit better And then these are going in at 375 until they are roasted through Our meatballs are coming along nicely. Look at how good these are looking. They're starting to Brown up and get cooked all the way through And then also we have our potatoes roasting away. Whoo, you're steamy. There you go Roasting away in the oven. So these should be done in just a few minutes. So let's put together the sauce So let's put together the sauce for our meatballs. So in my bowl here I have three quarters of a cup of non-fat Greek yogurt To that I'm going to add what was left of the lemon zest It wants about a teaspoon. So that's about what's left here We're also going to add one clove of minced garlic And just about a quarter of a teaspoon of salt And then this is what is going to go on top of our meatballs. So we're going to get this stirred together I'm just going to wrap my bowl up here in some saran wrap And just keep this in the refrigerator and each day when I go to eat my meatballs I'll add a little bit of the sauce to the top But that is the sauce for the meatballs. So our meatballs are done. These look so good So it looks like I'm going to get four per day. So I'm just going to go ahead and in each of my meal prep Containers here. I'm just going to go ahead and put in my four meatballs And then the other two container Sides I'll use for the potatoes and the vegetables And that allows some room for me to go ahead and add that sauce on when I'm ready to eat So I'm just going to fill these with four meatballs per meal prep container So I have my meatballs on the large side of my meal prep container while my potatoes finish cooking I'm going to go ahead and fill one of the small compartments here with my veggie blend And I'm just going to make sure that I get enough for A container that this bag stretches out For all of my meal prep containers.  These look super good. Look at how crispy and delicious these look So I'm going to divide these evenly into my five meal prep containers And I'll be back to show you exactly what I'm having for lunch and give you the smart points So here is my lunch for the week. This looks so good. I cannot wait to have my lunch So let me show you what I'm having. So each day. I'll be having four of my feta meatballs I'm going to put a little bit of that delicious yogurt lemon garlic sauce on top I'm just going to wrap this in saran wrap and throw it in my fridge And I'll just top my meatballs with a little bit of it each day I have some frozen vegetables. I'll add a little bit of spray butter salt and pepper to those I have one fifth of my roasted potatoes And then each day I'm going to have one of those huge red yummy pears that I picked up at Costco And I'm also going to four dessert have one of my sweet nothings. This is the caramel pecan cluster These are outstanding. They taste like a chocolate that you'd pick up at a fancy chocolate store They're so good and for one piece. It's only one smart point if you go up to two pieces It becomes three smart points, but it's a great little sweet treat to have after lunch So i'm going to have one piece for one point. So my meatballs technically are zero smart points But i'm going to go ahead and count one point just to compensate for the feta cheese You could do them as zero or one whatever you prefer But i'm sticking with one and then it is three smart points for my roasted potatoes and one smart point for my sweet nothing Everything else is zero. So my entire lunch is one for the meatballs three for the potatoes and one for the sweet nothings so four Oh, i'm sorry five smart points total for a sweet treat this week. I'm making whoopee pies I am so excited. I bought a whoopee pan on amazon and I found this fantastic dessert recipe and wait until you guys hear the smart points You can have this deliciousness for such a low amount of smart points. It's crazy This is a mud hustler recipe. I found this off of his website and I copied it pretty much exactly So i'm going to show you exactly what is in our whoopee pies and then let's get started because I can't wait to try these First you're going to need some protein powder. I'm going to be using the devotion nutrition protein powder This is the brownie batter This is exactly what is called for in the recipe if you do tweak the protein powder you're using You may need to recalculate the smart points. This protein powder is so low I don't know if it would increase the overall points at the end if you did use a different powder I would highly recommend the devotion. This is the best protein powder on the market It is sugar free. It has two grams of mct per serving, which is a little bit of healthy fat Gluten free it has a six enzyme formula and the best part is it is bloat free So it's not going to make you bloat like a lot of the other protein powders on the market do So again, this is the devotion. They also have the angel food cake, which is outstanding You know, I use that all the time in baking. I love making protein shakes out of this It really just truly is the best protein powder. I do have a 10 off discount code for devotion I will put it here on the screen Make sure that you click the link in the description box and enter the code from there Otherwise, it will not apply the discount. So again, use the code down in the description box So, of course, I'm going to be using the devotion brownie batter protein powder unsweetened applesauce jet puff marshmallow cream whipped topping eggs espresso powder espresso just enhances the flavor of the chocolate So highly recommend using this. These are these single serve little packets So it makes it super easy and then of course some baking powder So let's get started on these whoopie pies First we're going to put together the actual cookie portion of our whoopie pie So the first thing we're going to do is add our devotion protein powder And we want two scoops or two servings So it is quite a large scoop. So we're going to go ahead and add two of those One scoop of the devotion brownie batter protein powder is only two smart points And it's I mean look at this scoop. It's a good size scoop So first we're going to go ahead and add in our devotion To that we're going to add one teaspoon of baking powder We're also going to add one tablespoon of espresso powder or basically one little packet One egg And lastly one quarter cup of unsweetened applesauce And then we're going to give this a good mix until everything is nice and combined together And then we'll pull out our whoopie pan Pie whoopie pie pan, that's a tongue twister And we'll get this batter in there and it'll get we'll get it into the oven So here is the whoopie pie pan that I purchased. This is from the company sweet creations I bought this off of amazon. It was really inexpensive less than ten dollars It is linked down in my amazon store below. So we're going to use that We're going to spray it really good with some non-stick cooking spray because we don't want Our whoopies to stick so we're going to go ahead and spray that And then we are just going to spoon in our batter And we want to be as even as we can with our batter They will spread out and poof up because of the baking powder that's in there But we want to go ahead and scoop the batter into all 12 cavities of our pan And then we'll get ready to get these into the oven So here are our whoopie pies. I know they look a little bit lackluster But they will spread out and kind of poof up and make a cookie for us So i'm going to get these into the oven at 350 degrees for about 10 minutes And of course that does depend on Your oven and then while these are cooking we're going to put together the filling All right for the filling in my bowl here I have five tablespoons of softened Light whipped topping and this is the whipped topping that I used to this I'm going to add two tablespoons of jet puffed marshmallow cream And then we are going to just mix this all together And then we are going to put this into the freezer to keep it nice and firm Until our whoopie pies come out of the oven and this is the filling so yum whipped topping and marshmallow cream Yes, please so i'm going to get this all mixed together and throw this into the freezer while our whoopie pies Continue to cook and here are our whoopie pies So I did while they were cooking took a spoon and kind of flatten them out a little bit They didn't fill the entire compartment But you know there what a whoopie pies should look like kind of a puck type of a cookie So i'm going to go ahead and pull these out of my pan and then we'll get ready to fill these And we'll plate them up and i'll show you exactly what these whoopie pies look like And that's when i'll give you the smart points.  Actually, they're nice and flat on the one side. I have my mix here We are going to fill our whoopie pies and we need enough of the filling for Six whoopie pies. So we're going to add One sixth of our filling and then we literally are going to top it With the second half of the whoopie pie look at that yum And i'm going to get these all done and then i'm going to store mine in the freezer But i'll plate them up and show you what they look like here are our whoopie pies these you guys Looks so good. I cannot wait to dig in So you have two of the whoopie pie cookies filled with that delicious whipped topping And marshmallow cream and guess what one whoopie pie Full of this delicious filling is only one smart point one smart point And you're also getting a big dose of protein from that protein powder. So Highly recommend this recipe Cannot wait to dig in. I am going to store mine in the freezer I'm going to individually wrap them and then when I want one I can just pop it out and eat it Oh, so excited about this you guys pick up that devotion brownie batter and make yourself these delicious whoopie pies So here are my snacks this week. I'm changing it up just a little bit Of course, I'm going to have a built bar as my morning snack. You know, I have one of these every Single morning. It keeps me full. Here's that little bit of a sweet tooth So good. So I'm excited because As you know, I ordered two full boxes of the new coconut almond because It tastes like a almond joy. It is that delicious. So I have one of those I have one of the built burner and caramel brownie. This is just one that I had on hand. These are no longer available The banana chocolate cream.  That's new my all-time favorite. These bars are only three smart points They are loaded with protein anywhere from 15 to 18 grams depending on the bar that you're choosing They have tons of fiber some have seven grams six grams They keep you full and again three smart points. You guys they taste like a candy bar So if you're interested in built bar or you definitely want to pick up the coconut almond And there's also a new water enhancer called built boost that is out head on over to built bar dot com Use my code here on the screen. You'll get 10 off and free shipping. You can't beat it. You guys Check out built bar. So this is my morning snack for the afternoon I'm just gonna have one of these little packs of halloween us pretzels They're only one smart point and they are super good. They're the most salty buttery pretzels I love them and then you saw me haul these blue diamond bold wasabi and soy sauce almonds I am so excited about these you guys. I can't not wait. They're so good So i'm gonna have some of these now depending on The number of nuts that you have you can change your smart points So one serving which is one ounce or 28 nuts. I highly recommend you weigh Versus count out your nuts.  I'm not sure how many it just kind of depends on how many points I want to spend on a snack. So blue diamond almonds Little ups pretzels and of course my favorite thing ever the built bar. These are my snacks for this next week Thank you for joining me on another W. W. Weekly meal prep these recipes you guys were so good I seriously cannot wait for all of my meals It's such a great feeling to meal prep something that you're excited to eat all week long Because as you know, I do eat my meal prep throughout the entire week speaking of meal prep I get this question a lot. I'm always asked if I freeze my meal prep or just keep it in the fridge I simply keep it in the fridge because it lasts the whole week. I eat it every day So I just pull it out of the fridge and warm it up You can freeze most of my meal preps if you're not planning to eat it within the upcoming week I would say if you're going to be waiting a little longer to finish your meal preps You probably should throw them in the freezer just to preserve them a little bit more So that's a question that I get a lot So all the recipes for this week's meal prep are down in the description box below with any modifications that I made Also in the description box are all of my discounts for all of the different w w staples that you Can purchase at a discount with my links and codes again They're down in the description box below also my facebook group my peel box you name it It's all down below for you Thank you again so much for watching if you're new make sure that you subscribe hit that little bell So you're notified every time I upload a new video thumbs up this one. It really helps my channel I really appreciate it and comment down below Let me know what recipe or recipes you're most excited about and I'll see you all in my next video. Bye guys