Okay, hello everyone. This is the RDO Meetup, and I'm going to hand it right over to Amy Marich. I hope I said that correctly. Close enough. I have a southern accent, so I pronounce it Marich. My brother does not have a southern accent. He pronounces it like you, so you can't be wrong. So, this was originally supposed to be in person with everybody, so it's really informal, because the idea was to actually meet with people, talk with people, and in Burno. So, we're here to talk about RDO. Amy, would you like to invite others to join you to talk as well, or do you want to just run through some slides? Well, let's run through the slides, but if anyone wants to ask a question, they can go ahead and join up. I have mentioned this Meetup to our community, who's mainly in AMIA, so we may see members of the community join in. But, like, Rich can always talk about RDO, so can David. So, anyone who wants to join in, please feel free. Excellent. We'll see if this actually works. Here we go. So, I wanted to start off, actually, with what is OpenStack, because RDO is part of OpenStack's community. So, OpenStack is infrastructure as a service that utilizes a common API. So, basically, all the services use the same basic API. Of course, it is different between the different services, but you can send the same commands. And authentication is through Keystone. Everything controls large pools of compute, storage, networking, and you can be in one or more data centers. Now, more recently, we've added the ability to control your infrastructure with Kubernetes, Cloud Foundry, as well as our OpenStack SDK, which is our CLI in Horizon, which is our dashboard. And you can do bare metal virtual machines, containers, all within your OpenStack infrastructure. So, there's various projects within OpenStack.  So, on the front end, you have Horizon, but we also have, like, EC2 API. So, you can talk to EC2 and use the same scripts and language between the two, especially if you're using heat. There's workload provisioning, Magnum and Trove are big ones. Application lifestyles, Solom, which is a little older, Masakari. Orchestration heat, as I mentioned, but Mistral and Sendlin are other good ones. Compute, everyone knows Compute, and that's mainly Nova. But if you're working with containers, that's Zoom. For storage, there's three types of storage. Swift, Cinder, Manila, Manila is shared file. Swift is object and Cinder's block. And some of the advantages of you can use stuff as a back end for these, if you want, as well. Networking, most commonly known as Neutron. Octavia is load balancing designate, which is getting a revitalization as DNS. Hardware, as I've mentioned, is very important. We have the Ironic project, and if you're using accelerators, there's Cyborg. I mentioned Keystone a little earlier. It's a shared service for identity placement, which is scheduling.  If you're doing secrets and more secure stuff, we have Barbican. And there's a couple of different projects for lifestyle maintenance. OpenStack Ansible, Triple O, Cola Ansible. So there's different projects. You can choose Bifrost, which is a bare metal. And then where we get involved with RDO is the packaging, which is RPMs in our case. This one is different. So what is RDO? So RDO is a community of people using and deploying OpenStack on CentOS, CentOS Stream, Fedora, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The community itself was launched in 2013 by Red Hat, and Rich was, I believe, the first community manager architect for the community. So thank you for all your hard work, Rich. And RDO is available for free and is based on the OpenStack releases. So after OpenStack makes a release, most recently was Xena. A couple of weeks later, we come out with the RDO release because we have to wait for everything to come up. Oh, Dave Neri was the first person. I'll have to thank him. So RDO is involved in various different efforts. PacStack is the most common one. It is the CentOS Red Hat Enterprise Linux version of what we'd use for upstream, which is PacStack, I mean DevStack. So here we have an effort that we create for all-in-one proof of concept. Triple O, which is the upstream deployment project. Dave has it already with PacStack. Yeah, and PacStack used to be the methodology for deploying on the CentOS and rail type environments. It's real easy to use. So it's really easy to use and it is easy to grow out. Triple O is an interesting project because it's OpenStack on OpenStack and it gives you a lot of flexibility and a lot of configurability, more so than PacStack did. So basically you have an undercloud, which is OpenStack, which then deploys your overcloud, which is OpenStack. Now, as I mentioned before, RDO is very involved in the RPMs for deployment. And we do that really also as part of the CentOS Cloud SIG. So RDO represents RDO as well as OpenStack into the SIG to promote the use of CentOS for cloud infrastructure. So how to get involved in RDO? We have mailing lists, which you can find at RDOproject.org. And we have a users list as well as a dev list. IRC with the implosion of FreeNode, we have moved as well as OpenStack to OFTC. And you can find us in the RDO room. We are also on Element, which is tied into the OFTC room. Meetings where every Wednesday at 1400 UTC in RDO. True, it is Matrix Night Element. That's where I use it. And I want to just leave this up here while we talk. So if anyone wants to know how to reach us, that is up there. I like Element because it's web-based and I can just connect to everything. I am really bad since FreeNode died. I do not have my bouncer backup in running. So Matrix is great in that you do not need a bouncer. So like I said, this was really supposed to be just a gathering to talk and meet people. So does anyone have any questions about RDO, OpenStack, how to get involved? And if you would like to join us on screen, just let Michael know. So I guess while we are harvesting some questions here, I might ask a question. So I had been involved in the OpenStack community when I joined Red Hat and I was working on the Sahara project, which is kind of a workloads type project. And I am curious as time has progressed, back in those days, this was probably three or four years ago, there was a lot of effort around writing workloads for OpenStack, writing an OpenStack application or something. And I am curious, do we still see that trend today? What are the workloads that users want to run directly on OpenStack these days? So a lot of it is going towards running your Kubernetes on top of OpenStack. Within Red Hat we have what we call Shift on Stack, which is OpenShift on OpenStack, but that is where Magnum comes in and Zoom. So if you want to be containerized on top of your OpenStack cluster, you can. And then on the infrastructure side, there is also more of deploying to containers.   And then in the last few years deploying bare metal as part of your OpenStack infrastructure has really, really grown as people go back to basically using hardware. So you are able, with Ironic for example, to deploy a new system as a bare metal machine versus having to use VMs for everything. So I think that has been really important in LLVM's network storage on top of what I can do whatever I want in my container. So what David is saying in the chat is I'm a bit old school and like OpenStack provide vanilla VMs network storage on top of which I can do whatever I want easily containers, k8s, applications, etc. And that's how I actually build it out too. I can sometimes joke that I can do a RPM install faster than I can use some of the deployment tools even though I'm involved with the deployment projects. Just because I've now done it so often that I like to like configure it the way I want to. But the deployment projects from when I first started in OpenStack with Grizzly have made deploying your OpenStack infrastructure so much easier because you don't have to touch every machine and you can configure your networking any way you need to. So to kind of bring it back I guess it sounds like the real popular workloads today is really just to use OpenStack almost as like the data center software that it kind of originated as where you can just kind of like get VMs, get networks, get storage and then a layer whatever I want to on top of it myself. People aren't necessarily trying to write OpenStack applications per se. He is still popular for that. So you have your stacks which will deploy your database for you, your web servers and so on and so forth. But OpenStack ultimately has always been infrastructure as a service. And that's where its strengths are. Yeah, and I think during the era that I'm talking about when like the Sahara project was very popular at that time, you know there was this notion that people almost like you know as Kubernetes was becoming popular there was this notion that you might write an app for OpenStack kind of in the same way that we see people writing apps for Kubernetes today like writing an operator or a controller or something. So I think that this to me was always kind of an interesting trend in the community. Yeah, and there still are things on the marketplace that are basically applications you can install on top of OpenStack. But OpenStack has really become popular in for your open public clouds. Vex hosts OVH, City Network and they're rock solid.  And then of course we're always popular for private clouds because you can run your own cloud within your own data center. Telcos and Edge are very, very big into OpenStack because they can deploy what they need in their main data center and then just have a small node out in wherever they need them, whether it's Edge for Telco or whether it's for like onsite sales, you can do that with Edge. So I don't think we're concentrating so much as a community on what you're deploying on OpenStack but making sure you can deploy whatever you want on OpenStack. That makes a lot of sense to me and certainly from my perspective and I do a lot of work on Kubernetes and OpenShift and specifically on our cloud infrastructure layer. In the upstream communities that I'm in like OpenStack seems to sit right alongside AWS, GCP, all these other clouds in terms of how they integrate with the projects and kind of like their presence in the upstream. So I think it's really encouraging to see that. Yeah and that was one of the thing with the EC2 API is that you can use the same thing within OpenStack or within AWS. And I think that's the most important thing when you're talking about an open source project is that it can be used in other locations that you can share that you know what you use on OpenStack you can use on Google Cloud and so on. And that's kind of where Kubernetes went as well because Kubernetes came in as no container deployment and you should be able to run those same containers anywhere that you need to. So then you get into the whole hybrid cloud model and from the OpenStack side of things our hybrid cloud was more originally the thought of public versus private because that's where we were at the time. And then you know all the other cloud providers came out and you know then it does become can your stuff run on us as well as everybody else. Yeah makes sense. And thank you for indulging me. So who else has got some questions or would like to join the conversation here. David's doing lots of typing in the chat. Yeah I'm kind of curious what David's got going on in his basement because it sounds like an amazing OpenStack cloud built there. Yeah when I first met David was actually as part of OpenStack Ansible because of the Ansible key and that particular project. And then he came out with ARRA so which has been very important to the Zool testing environments that we use in OpenStack. So that's another thing to take note of is the fact that other projects have spun out of OpenStack such as Zool which is our testing environment which if you haven't used it is great because what it allows us to do is test within the project itself to make sure that any patches work. But then we test within the whole everybody's patches that are merged up to that point. So if you get through the Zool gates you should be bug free. I say bug free but occasionally you know something got through that wasn't being tested for and I think that exists in any gating or testing environment because if you didn't add a test of course it can't test for it. You know I think that that's a great call out like Zool is such an amazing piece of software and you know I mean I you know my experience with it is as a developer and I think probably you know most OpenStack users you know may not even know that it exists. But yeah it really is tremendous work that the community did to build such a thorough testing platform that could integrate you know separate projects to really like test this matrix of compatibility. So yeah I'm always amazed when I when I kind of look at that stuff. Yeah and one thing we've done within RDO is originally some of the contributions for RDO like the website were through GitHub. But because you know we want all OpenStack contributors you know even RDO contributors to be able to contribute upstream if they want we moved over to using our own Garrett for even the website so that if you onboard for RDO and you learn how to use the systems and make patches and everything else. You can then contribute to OpenStack itself because you're used to the tools and I think that's important that you shouldn't like use one set of tools for one thing and another set of tools for other things because then you've got another learning curve to contribute. So that was one thing I did early on within joining the RDO community and also the very fact that if you're doing translations if you're doing documentation if you're running meetings.  And we've also started you know like some of the other projects we have contributor swag you know after release so if you did something during the release cycle you know we give you something as a thank you. I think I think that's a tremendous move towards inclusion as well just to say you know what we're just going to say you're an RDO contributor because you know it's a team effort right. Yeah and it wasn't that anyone was being necessarily excluded but going back more to the four opens of OpenStack itself and how we can include everyone and everyone's contribution is important. Now going back to something you were just saying about Zool and RDO and whatnot and I just I'm just curious is that that testing work is that what's happening around the software factory project? Yeah so we have software factory which allows you to use your GitHub ID and that's where our Garret resides our bug tracking and things related to patches. We are using Zool upstream which so everything gets tested there and then we bring it downstream and we test it again as we bring build our RPMs and things. Yeah really really cool work going on over there. David said he asked you about it. Sorry David I missed that. And I think another thing that's important to note is RDO is leading the efforts for the use of stream upstream. So CentOS 8 stream was the first changeover we made from CentOS into stream we're finalizing the move over from 8 stream to 9 stream currently. Hi David. Hello I didn't expect to be here but I was in the previous session which was for the Ansible community and now switch over to RDO and like oh I'll stay I know RDO I've been there. So I was once upon a time I was part of the team that released RDO. I still love RDO and contribute from time to time but it's no longer my full-time job. And yeah I was talking about my lab environment here in my basement. It's a very I say it's a cloud but it's a single node in fact. I used to have much more than that but to be honest even in the basement a couple of servers it doesn't take long that it's super noisy it consumes a lot of power and the heat. Let me tell you about the heat. You know in the winter it's great I don't need to warm up my house but like in the summer it like I needed a dedicated air conditioning just for my office. So you know once you get to a certain point I console so console dated a little bit and now everything is on a single 2U server. It's a you know by all means it's not a small node but I use it to host all of my stuff media center lab environment you know for Kubernetes OpenShift and simple stuff. So it's really useful because then I don't need like a cloud account you know a cloud provider I can just do it you know from home and I can continue learning stuff. And it's it's the play with PaxTac because well you know PaxTac under the hood uses Puppet and you know even though I'm an insible person nowadays I don't mind my Puppet is rusty now. But hey it works and I know it's a very important project to RDO it's part of the testing pipeline and all that. So I know that you know whenever I try it it should it should work right. So not that I have anything against TripleO but like I don't I don't need all the bells and whistles right. I just give me give me compute give me storage give me network and I will take care of the rest. And TripleO does now have an all-in-one that installs fairly quickly and gives you everything you need as well. So that was a great addition to TripleO because I'm a big fan of the all-in-ones like David we used to have two servers in the house. Now I run a nook and we have a couple raspberry pies to do what we want because yeah it's a lot of noise to run the servers. You know so having the all-in-ones is great because not only can you run what you need as David said but it's a great way to learn how to use OpenStack.  You can also add in other projects. So say you did want Sahara installed you couldn't you can tell it to install that but you generally you have you know your five main ones. Nova, Neutron, Glance, Cinder and Horizon and Keystone actually so six you know and you can learn how to use OpenStack without needing a whole lot of infrastructure. And I think that's really important you know because the more hands-on you get with something the better you are.  You know how to do it because the most important thing you can ever do in operations is get your hands on things. Yeah that's that's so right I mean I've learned so much over my career just doing OpenStack because well OpenStack what it does it provides APIs you know and abstraction layers on top of pretty complex technologies. You know virtualization networking like I'll get me started with networking it's so complicated. But like when things go wrong you need to you know dig in and understand what's going on under the hood and you know by way of working with OpenStack you get to learn a little bit about everything and you know it's great I learned so much about it. And you can say what you want about GUIs but I love the topology for neutron. You know especially if you're trying to explain someone how the different pieces connect to visually be able to see that I think is great and he does the same thing with your stack it gives you a very good visual representation of your infrastructure. So whether it's just you trying to understand it because something broke or just understand it as far as how the different pieces connect there's so much value in the visual of things. Sure some things you can do really quickly on the command line you know but being able to switch to do it in the dashboard I think is very valuable. So knowing how it all connects on the command line to say bring up your network your router and your switches is one thing but being able to see it visually and also you know do it within the dashboard can give you such a visual learning. Because not everyone is textual based learning visual learning is very important and sometimes we forget that because we all talk to CLI because you're a real operator if you can just use the CLI. There goes my camera sorry about that. Yeah there's a little bit for everyone right like sometimes I use the CLI sometimes I use the the horizon interface you know you cannot you cannot expect everyone to go through the CLI or expect everyone to go through the dashboard so having these options is great. Yeah and there's a new project skyline that is coming out soon. They still have some more stuff to do but they've been merged into the open stack namespace which is going to be a dashboard equivalent or alternative I should say to horizon. So whereas horizon is Django skylines using more up to date technology because you know when you've got something like horizon which has been around for so long. You would have to do a complete rewrite to get it up to speed and it's really interesting to note that the two different project communities are talking to each other and working with each other to make sure everything we need is there. And whether horizon keeps going because so many people are using I suspect it will but some newer people may choose to install skyline. It's not quite ready yet but it should be within the year I would say. It's really interesting to hear about skyline because yeah I know that when you're building a web app you know especially a front end back end app that's as complicated as horizon is you know there are choices you have to make right and and those. It's not necessarily good or bad you just did these are the tools that you build with and you're absolutely right you know horizon for as solid as it is has made choices about how they decided to develop you know with the technologies. And naturally there have been other development paths and people have been asking I think for years you know what could we use these you know programs or these frameworks to build a web app. You know and like you're saying it just wouldn't be possible to refactor horizon to match something like you know like a react front end or something like that and so it's really interesting you know to me and encouraging to hear about like a parallel project developing and kind of like the community rallying around these things. Yeah and the interesting thing about horizon that maybe a lot of people don't understand is a base horizon only has those base projects of compute network he's done and so on. And then all the other work is done with to some degree within the project themselves. So if you want the magnum UI you have to tell it to install the magnum UI. So one of the things is why I say Skylines probably a year out is because all that modularness will need to be replicated at least for the major ones. Trying to think of what other new and interesting things we have going on. For those that don't know Open Infra Summit will be in June in Berlin. Open Infrastructure Foundation has said it will be live no matter what but we may move location and time if we need to if we can't have enough people in Germany or Germany says no one from outside that the area is allowed in. The call for papers is currently open. It closes on February 9th. And let me I will get the URL and paste up it's basically CFP.OpenDev.org. Rich, they have not announced any proposed locations. I know Vancouver was one of the ones that we were canceled so contractually that's a good possibility is Vancouver. But we have not gotten any hints of where it might be because they are we are going to be in Berlin and that is the hope but then Omicron came out so that gave us some doubts. But the hope is Berlin in June. There will be an ops meetup the Friday and possibly Saturday after which is a great opportunity for operators to come together and talk about OpenStack their deployments. Seth is usually a popular discussion during that meetup as well. So we're planning like Berlin is on. And we will know in April if we're not going to be in Berlin. I think that's the cutoff date for if we need to move it. But my gut says if it's not Berlin, Vancouver is the backup. But that's just me. I haven't traveled in so long. These virtual conferences are great but the burnout is real and I can't wait to see the community once again. Yeah, I was lucky enough to get to open source summit which was moved from Dublin to Seattle. That was really bummed about not going to Dublin and Kubecon which was in LA and it was great seeing people again. But a lot of people and a lot of companies you know weren't ready to get out there and chose not to go to the events. So where fingers crossed for Berlin and I think that's the safest way to say it is fingers crossed. And that's one other thing that's affecting a lot of the call for papers is you've got the one group of people who can't wait to talk in person but are scared to apply for a CFP because it may go virtual and they're burnt out. And then the other half is people who are not quite ready to travel because of all the concerns. So they don't want to put in a proposal with the thought that they may have to talk in person. So hopefully we're going to have a really great set of proposals for Berlin but it's still open until the 9th. I'm going to put in at least one talk possibly to myself plus having a diversity networking lunch and other things we'll have going there that I'll be involved in. I have to drop but it was nice talking to you and keep RDO going. I like it very much. Thank you for all your work on it. And thanks for coming on. So I guess as it's a little slow I guess in the chat I'll ask another question here. And maybe this is a little bit too much of me wearing my red hat or whatever. But RDO is like a really cool project. I've always thought the community around it was really interesting. And we also have the OKD project which is another kind of red hat I guess led community around open source. And you know we know OpenShift runs on we know Kubernetes runs on RDO. I'm curious like do we ever are there ever any events or crossovers between the RDO community and the OKD community? There haven't been. That is a good idea. So like I mentioned the ops meetup often has a very heavy sep component to it because a lot of open stacks use sep for their storage. So we're trying to encourage more of that. But I like that idea of you know combining with OKD and maybe getting involved you know having some open stack talks within Commons. Because I'm sure there's people who are doing it. Yeah definitely there are some open stackers I think in the community. I mean really I go to a lot of the OKD community meetups and you know there's a lot of talk there about vSphere and vCenter are very popular platforms to deploy on. You know because these are the kind of things where it's like I could deploy it on some machines in my lab or whatever. And I think given the talk today about you know how good things have gotten in the open stack world for doing like a single node installation or doing a small installation. You know that might be really attractive to the OKD community who also likes to play with open source. And you know I shouldn't say play but you know some of these people are doing real enterprise work with this stuff. You know and it's like it might be really kind of peanut butter meets chocolate kind of moment right. Yeah and one thing that came out of the open infrastructure keynotes that were held in October. Maybe November was the term low key not low key the project but low key as a concept of Linux open stack Kubernetes infrastructure. So it's the same term as a project itself. But yeah because that's what a lot of people are doing they're running Linux as their operating system and then open stack and combining it with Kubernetes to make their infrastructure. So that is really actually a good idea and I'll reach out to Diane on that. Because we are so while upstream is pushing it you know we're kind of pushing it as well now because that's where people are going. Right and I think you know from my perspective the really interesting thing is that like installing Kubernetes just using the Kubernetes tools like Kube ADM and similar. It's not a it's not a terrible experience you know you can get Kubernetes installed but it does become rough around the edges and they're you know networking in specific and storage or you know they're difficult to configure sometimes. But if you're able to install open stack you know the installation for Kubernetes on top of that or even OKD on top of that is very automated for you because it you know it acts just like an infrastructure provider as opposed to an individual machine or a collection of bare money. Metal machines so for me it's like yeah if it's easy to install open stack and then I could turn around and install Kubernetes or OKD you know using a quick installer like that's like the ultimate in kind of like user bonus I guess. Now I'm going to turn on my nook before I get my new desk and try this. Awesome I love it. I like this idea. Well interesting. This is what I have done internally on some of our machines is I've used machines in our laboratory to install a single node open stack and I wasn't using RDO I was using the productized you know open stack the redhead cells. And then yeah I use the open shift installer on top of that and it all you know it all seemed to work kind of auto magically for me so. You know at least with I was using the commercial versions but I've done OKD installations as well not on open stack but I don't I don't imagine it would be any different so for me it was a great experience to kind of like go all the way down the stack. Yeah and I know there's instructions for installing service telemetry framework on top of OKD. So that yeah this would actually be a good thing because if I can get it running it's a good blog post or instructions for the OKD documentation. Because personally I've used mainly Magnum and zoom for my Kubernetes on open stack. It makes a lot of sense right. Magnum does take a lot of horsepower which is why when I just want a single you know container running all you zoom it's a lot more lightweight. But because don't forget I'm using a proof of concept machine which is usually a VM running within a VM. Right right and you know I had the luxury of having access to like a 40 core half a terabyte of RAM you know server instance so you know it's a little bit different than even that setup or David's you know basement laboratory. Yeah I went to bring up the old Dell machine or the old sun machine here at the house and it's like it's too old to run any drivers. Which is why I went and got the knock. Yeah so David says yeah I reach out to Amelia. And Amelia for anyone who doesn't know used to be the PTL for triple O. So. And he helped me get my open my open shift installations working on open stack is he's really great with this stuff. And that's one thing that's really important about community. I don't think anyone's really really gotten into it from the meetups I've been a day is asking for help within the communities. Because it helps them know what your issues are as much as it helps you figure out your problem. Now it's not paid support though you know whoever wants to pick it up will pick it up and you may not get a response right away. But if it's really interesting you'll be surprised how many people jump on you know a real issue because they're curious and they want to solve it as much as you do. I think that's absolutely correct I mean I you know for transparency sake I work in engineering at Red Hat and I've been an engineer for a couple years now. And yeah like especially with open source projects being able to get feedback from the users about what they want what they like what they don't like. You know it's it's really important to get that message back to the people you know who are oftentimes maintaining the software. And yeah like from what I've seen developers usually eat that kind of information up because it gives them a really solid way to understand what should we be building what should we be focusing on. Where are the problem areas you know so yeah I think you're absolutely right. Yeah especially if it's like an edge case use case you know no one thought about that I mean and a lot of the times because no one thought about those are the things we're not testing for. Right so if we don't need users having a problem then you know we don't know it's a problem right. Or if you don't know someone's trying to use your software in a certain way you can't test for it because you didn't think of it. Right yeah exactly. So yeah that's where the importance of you know operators being part of your community comes in. Being on the mailing lists even if you never send an email to a mailing list like I keep everything I can go back years you know and the ability to search. A error message that someone else did or someone just saying hey you know I did this this way and it worked out really well is such an added benefit. And yeah there are the archives you know for all the mailing lists that use Mailman RDO included OpenStack as well. But having everything local you know to me is just quicker and fun so I'm a pack rat. As I watch the unread count on my OpenStack dev mailing list I go up and up and up. I look at them and at least breeze through you know because then if two months later I see somebody asks something and I'll go hey wait someone asks something very similar and then I go look for it. Because I think that's important is having an idea of what's going on so that you know you can you may be the only one who like catches those two things. So sometimes the important part of being in a community is just being able to put the right two people together. Yeah exactly exactly. And you know speaking of community this is something that's always impressed me about the OpenStack community in general and I guess now the open in for community is that you know the sense of effort put into building the community and making sure there are good experiences for newcomers to the community. And you know things like mentorship programs and internships and what not like I've always been tremendously impressed with the way the OpenStack community tried to build things in a way that included people and made it easy for people to kind of work on these things. So like I always look back at just what a great experience that community is. Yeah they really do believe in the four opens which is open community open development open source. And of course our open governance as well it's you know what's going on you have the ability to know what's going on and I think that's important to know where things are going and to be able to follow along. You know everyone is like you're still on IRC but yet anyone can join and we log everything. So even if you don't have a bouncer that you can see things you can go and look at the eavesdrops you know and often you know you'll be in a conversation and someone will send a link to the exact place in the eavesdrops so you can catch up real quick. So not the latest and greatest tools but at the same time they work because it gives us a functionality. So those are some great things from upstream that are community related. But yeah talking about onboarding we've run in the past the OpenStack upstream institute before summit and also at like OpenStack days. Basically it's a one and a half to two days of onboarding teaching you about governance teaching getting your system set up. All the things that help you to become a contributor. At summit you know I've often done the get in gear at lunch and learn just again getting people in a room and being able to walk around and help them get configured. OpenStack is very involved in Grace Hopper conference you know in the open source days there so anywhere that we can get out there and help people get them to be a contributor is a great thing. And RDO is the same way in that you know by moving our tools to the same thing yeah it's a different Garrett but it's the same basic tools system. And that kind of calls back to something that you said earlier that I think is really poignant which is that being able to get your hands on these systems and being able to operate them yourself is really pivotal to like understanding these things. And it's really foundational to becoming better at doing these things because it seems kind of nebulous when you're sitting on this side of the screen and you're reading about OpenStack and clouds and all these other things. And it becomes real when you're like turning on virtual machines and turning them off and connecting storage and you know understanding these these processes so like when you talk about these outreach days and you know chances for people in the community to come and actually use this technology. I think that's tremendous because like you know you're absolutely right about people you know needing to kind of interact with it to really understand it deeply. So under Open Infrastructure Foundation there's a project called Open Infra Labs which runs big labs at universities that you can check things in and check things out. But one new project underneath that is Operate First which is the ability to check out and you know get your hands on some open, no shift on stack as David called it in the chat to be able to use some open stack in a larger environment than just a proof of concept. The proof of concepts are always invaluable in that you can get an idea of what it's going to be and what you need and also as I said teaching you how to get your hands on things but the advantage of something like Operate First is that it's larger scale. So you can feel what it is to have 50 compute nodes out there and what it takes to run it. So there's a lot of thought into the projects that are under the Open Infrastructure Foundation and how they all tie in. Operate First initiative, sorry go ahead. You know that it relates to everything else. Yeah I was going to say that Operate First initiative is very ambitious but I love what they're shooting for in terms of you know kind of opening up that community side of operating these infrastructures. You know it's tremendously ambitious and I really hope that it kind of works the way that they're talking about it. I think it's got a good team behind it. Karsten Wade is driving that from the community architecture side and he's got so much experience. And then you've got the Open Infrastructure Foundation and what they're bringing to the table to help grow it and help maintain it and make sure everything's open. And about 50 minutes or so? Yeah I think you know technically we have maybe seven or eight minutes left before the end here. Do we have any more questions from the chat? I knew there was a good chance this was going to be a quiet session. Well our community is a little virtual down. Indeed well I mean it's been a great conversation you know from my side at least. Well thank you I really appreciate it and all the questions as well. And we kind of varied off of RDO to more of the upstream and that's an important one thing to note also is that RDO is kind of a downstream of upstream upstream. So we have the open stack community, RDO and then what goes into Red Hat. But you can also just take what RDO provides aka the RPMs, pack stack and build out your own infrastructure from there. So it's a really it's another deployment method just one step down from the actual upstream. Well I say we give everyone back a few minutes. Okay well Amy Marish thank you very much for hosting today and yeah I hope everyone goes and tries out RDO. Thanks everyone for coming in all your questions and thank you Michael very much. Take care all.


Hello everyone, my name is Aynava Majumdar. I'm an Extension Professor in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology at Auburn University and also the State's Chair Coordinator. Today I'm going to be talking about insect-pressed exclusion system, especially the temporary pest exclusion system. Many caterpillar species are common on fruits and vegetables across Alabama. Here are some common caterpillars that you will see on a variety of crops, especially feeding in multiple generations, overlapping generations resulting in heavy crop loss. These caterpillars come from moths and oftentimes we overlook that these moths can also be the target of an IPM system, especially like the pest exclusion system that targets to stop these moths. Also there are many sting bug species and leaf fruit bugs that are very common and they will cause qualitative loss on the fruits and these are also the targets of pest exclusion system. Essentially there are three levels of IPM or Integrated Pest Management, level one systems-based practices, level two which includes the pest exclusion practices and the temporary pest exclusion system we're going to look into today and also level three which is use of insecticides as needed. Here's the basics of a temporary exclusion system. The main principle is to stop the moths or insects from getting to the host plants. The temporary system is a short-term solution and the goal is to prevent infestation of insects. They're fairly easy to use and minimal trailing is needed for this kind of exclusion system to be implemented on small farms or market gardens. There are many examples of fabric that can be used. These are polyethylene fabric, for example superlite insect barrier, agrofabric pro-19, covatan pro-19 and protect net. Some of these materials are long-lived and can be reused, some may not. Here's some ways of how to use the fabric. In this method the PVC or plastic frame was used and put directly in the ground and then the fabric is stretched over the plants. Ideally the best way to do pest exclusion is to install the netting immediately after transplanting or immediately after seed germination happens and this also promotes good growth of the plants due to the additional heat that is trapped under the fabric. So here you are looking at the two fabric like the agrofabric pro-19 and protect net, protecting the tomatoes. Another way to install the netting would be to put the net or the fabric over removable frames and this can be done very effectively on raised beds and community gardens and some farmers and some gardeners even have these on hinges so you can move the frame or lift the frame up for reaching to the plants. The goal is to essentially cover the plants immediately after transplanting and you need a very good seal of the fabric so it doesn't move with the wind and it keeps the insects out. So here this video shows installation of super light insect barrier which is one of the low cost fabric and use of sandbags to keep the fabric down over multiple rows of tomatoes. Here are some examples of farmers who have used and tried this method with great success. For example eggplants can be grown inside these low tunnels with the super light insect barrier or in this case the cobitin barrier and eggplants are then protected from flea beetles and aphids. Producers can also grow brassica crops or cool system crops under this fabric and using low hoops. Ideally the plants should not touch the fabric so that insects don't feed through the fabric so a little higher frame would be great to give you a longer term protection. You can also combine the exclusion fabric with the use of beneficial insects like the convergent lady beetle and lace wings. You can release them inside to control any escapes such as aphids that may have come through infested transplants and the biological beneficial insects are very effective in controlling those pests in low numbers. As a reminder don't forget to scout your crops. Remember that pest prevention is better than cure especially in organic systems. Manage insect pests when they're small or low in numbers. Protect the natural enemies and integrate variety of ways or insect control methods as we have discussed here. For more information please download and install the farming basics phone app which is a great resource for identifying insects diseases has information on crops and calculators. It also links to our social media page and directly connects you to the regional extension agent based on your location.


Hello, everyone, and welcome to Blackstar Potential. My name is Lee Fuge, and I'm here today with MusicTeacher.com. And in this video, we're going to learn how to use an Ebo. So an Ebo is referred to as a hand-held synthesizer. So what this essentially does is it does a similar job to a violin bow. So if you've ever seen anyone play the electric guitar with a violin bow where you can get some really cool swells and sustain-like effects, this can do that. But it can also do a huge amount more. The name Ebo comes from electronic bow. So it's like a hand-held version of a violin bow, but in a much smaller package, and it's electronic. So the Ebo is powered by a 9-volt battery, which means it's completely wireless. What this does is it uses the power from the battery to produce a magnetic field. That magnetic field interacts with your guitar strings and your pickups to create sustain. Also, it creates a bunch of different effects, depending on where you position the Ebo and how you position the Ebo. So underneath the unit, we have a couple of different channels here. So in the middle, we've got this really deep channel. This is where we situate our string. And in these slightly narrower channels, that's where we rest the strings either side of the string we're effecting. On the front of the Ebo, we're gonna turn it on. There's a light. This is what we wanna point at our pickup. This is the front of the Ebo as it were. This is the area where the magnetic pulse comes from. There are two different modes on this particular Ebo I'm holding. We've got one mode which adds the regular sustain and we've got another mode which adds a harmonic sustain, which is like having an octave above the pitch you're hearing. For best practices when using an Ebo, you should always try and use your neck pickup because the Ebo will make your guitar louder and it will also add a lot of brightness to the signal. So the neck pickup works great and it also works great if you can back off your tone control as well. Of course, it will work with any combination of pickup and any type of pickup, but for the best results you wanna use as warm of a sound as you can possibly use. So neck pickup with the tone roll down, it's a great way to start. So before we start hearing the Ebo, the tones you're gonna be hearing in this video are coming from the Blackstar Studio 10 6R6, which I've got running on a slightly crunchy sound and I'm using this Stanford Crossroad Marquee, which is a Les Paul Star guitar with twin humbuckers. So before I do anything with the Ebo, the amp sounds like this. It's just at the point of break up. But I'm gonna be using the neck pickup, but with the tone rolled all the way down. So now we need to know how to hold the Ebo. So we're gonna hold it with the light end facing the neck pickup. So the curve of the Ebo is gonna be faced like this and we're gonna hold it flat to the strings. We can adjust the volume by tilting it away from the strings and lifting it up and down as well, but for best results you wanna rest the strings either side of the string you're effecting in the guidelines so that the string in the middle is in that central channel that we talked about. So with the Ebo on, it actually works even with the guitar not going through the amp. So if I just turn the Ebo on and position it here around the neck pickup, you can already hear that sustain happening because this is producing a magnetic field which is causing the string to vibrate. Where the magic happens with the Ebo is when we actually put this through the amplifier because then we're gonna get that infinite sustain through the amp. The good thing with using an Ebo for sustain is this gives us guaranteed sustain. So if you're someone who likes to hold notes at a gig, this could be a great addition to your toolkit. And also this means that the feedback we're gonna get is very, very predictable, but also we can guarantee that we'll get it. If you've ever tried to get feedback on a loud stage, you may know how hard it is to find that sweet spot where the amp and the guitar link up perfectly to get that right feedback. Now with an Ebo, we can do that at any volume anywhere on the stage we want. So that's how the infinite sustain sounds on the standard mode.  So as you can see, we can just keep holding that and enjoy that infinite sustain that this thing allows us to do. But we can also use this to give us some different sound effects. So in the standard mode, we can get a violin-like sound. So to get this, so make sure our tone controls are all the way back, we pick a note, we turn our Ebo on, but instead of going straight to that sweet spot above the neck pickup, we wanna bow into that position. So start a little bit lower. If I put it here, we're not gonna get the note. Now I'm gonna move the Ebo towards the pickup. See, I'm coming away each time. Coming away from the string actually decreases the volume slightly. So with that, we can get some almost violin-like sound effects. With the typical pickup arrangement on a guitar, there are two hotspots on the pickup, just either side, and in the middle is a dead spot. So if I go over the entire pickup, you'll notice I get to this point and we sound the sustaining note. Now we'll drop off slightly as I get towards the middle of the pickup and then it'll pick up again towards the back. So we can go towards those hotspots to create different swell-like textures. If you wanna do string bends with an Ebo, you just need to tilt the Ebo on one of its side axis away from the string. So I'm gonna bend the seventh fret of the E string. Notice I was tilting the Ebo away there to allow room for the string to not hit the sides of the magnetic channel in the middle of the Ebo. So when we're playing with an Ebo, we can apply a bunch of different techniques to create different textures with this. So let's say I wanna play something that sounds quite synthy. I'm gonna get my Ebo on my regular mode and I'm gonna just position that in my sweet spot right here. What I'm gonna do with my fratting hand is I'm just gonna move around a couple of different notes and I'm gonna play the note and I'm gonna come off the note. So I'm doing all the garter stuff here with my fratting hand, but instead of pulling off to an open string, I'm just releasing the pressure to a muted note. We can get some quite synthesizer-like sounds by doing this. But I can also just do legato. I can slide hammer on and pull off my way around the string and get that same sound, but a lot smoother. In the harmonic mode, we can do all of those same techniques, but have the addition of the octave up. One of my favorite things to do with an Ebo is to create a fake tremolo-style effect. So you can do this on the harmonic mode, or the standard mode. What we're gonna do is we're gonna pick a note and we're gonna find the sweet spot. So I'm just gonna start at the fifth fret of the G again. But what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna pick a note but what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna move the Ebo up and down above that sweet spot. That's gonna increase and decrease the volume. So because I'm really creating a tremolo-style effect with this, the amount I move the Ebo from the string determines how prominent the effect is. So if I'm doing a shallow movement, we're just gonna get this nice wavy tremolo. And if I pull away a little bit further, it's gonna be harsher and choppier. So there you go, there is a quick guide on how to get started with an Ebo and how to achieve infinite sustain and some really cool synth-like sounds. And Ebo is a great tool for any guitar player to have in their kit. It's not the sort of thing you're gonna use on every song, but from time to time, it is really cool to dig into some of the crazy textures and sound effects you can get from one of these things. Let us know down below in the comments if you guys use an Ebo in your playing and what your favorite Ebo tips and tricks are. And if there's anything else you'd like to see us talk about in these videos, please throw that below as well. Don't forget to check out the Black Star amplification on YouTube for more free videos just like this one today. And if you're looking for a music teacher in your local area, please head to musicteacher.com and check out the Music Teacher Database. There's a network of great teachers all around the country. Thank you guys so much for watching as always and I will see you very soon.


so where are you going to? we are going the same way bro, we are going to take you now so just give us your contact because we will die tomorrow if your parents do not see the ramp so I am going to give you don't have time to spend here I am happy this is happening today and the most important thing is that I won't be dying alone I have been to Turkey today I have been to 7 mosques I have been to schools but it has not been a success and I just decided to come by the inside and it has worked out perfectly well with me here I am carrying a bomb and it has been timed it will be going off in too many times thank you very much at least we are all going to be dying together go down let me stop the car so that you go down it has to be going but you drop me somewhere I want to kiss myself please wait for me don't worry


It's the Roy Rogers Show. Happy Train. Great two minute energy cereal brings you the Roy Rogers Show. Transcribed from the double R bar ranch with Pat Brady and the Queen of the West, Dale Evans. Happy Train. In person. The King of the Cowboys, Roy Rogers. You know being a cowboy you need lots of energy.  Try great nuts flakes buckaroos. They're great And now seeing it's the night before Halloween Well, just listen Day 11's the proprietress of the Eureka cafe in Mineral City is known as a mighty good businesswoman But this evening she's concluding a rather unusual deal There you are sir 250 dollars. Well, thank you right smart ma'am and a couple of hoopty dudes You got such a pretty on his face. I ain't even gonna bother to count the money. Well, thank you besides I've seen you count it now. Here's your map gee a map to a lost gold mine You're sure there's no catch to this now little lady if you don't find gold there My name ain't nugget Norman. Well, I'll need at least two thousand dollars in a few weeks And well, you're sure I'm not depriving you of anything by buying this map ma'am I'm just too old to pack in the Boulder Canyon besides. I've had my fun in life You know this map looks sort of hard to follow.  Dale's fallen for one of the oldest petty larceny tricks in the whole West She bought a map to the Halloween gold mine the Halloween gold mine the one that whales. Oh sister Fail to see what's so funny. No kidding Dave Haven't you ever heard the story of the Halloween mine in Boulder Canyon? No Tell her Pat. I just haven't got the heart. Well the way my papi told it to me There was a real slick young con man named Corky Lewis operating in these parts about 50 years ago Papi said he was a happy gold lucky sort of a fella He could sing and dance crack jokes play the fiddle while everybody liked him They were sorry for it later though Because Corky planted a few thousand dollars worth of gold nuggets in the cave somewhere in Boulder Canyon Told the people he'd made a big strike then sold stock in the mine. It wasn't the mine at all I don't see what either of you are driving at Well, they'll ever since then maps to this lost cache of nuggets have been turning up all over the west and the story has sprung up That the Dern cave they're supposed to be in makes a noise Whaling noise, you know, I'd like to hear a whaling gold mine. Well, I don't care I'm going to Boulder Canyon and I trust that nice old man who sold me the map. What was his name? Dale? Well Oh, yes, he said if I didn't find gold there his name wasn't nugget norman He said if you didn't find gold there his name was Do you think that that could be a misleading statement Roy? I don't know about women how I declare I just don't know about him But if Dale insists on going to Boulder Canyon and all three of us are going Because as soon as I can prove to her that it's a fake. I want to go after the old man who sold her the map This campsite will work out fine. We'll have to go on foot when it comes daylight though Yep, little old nally bell can't climb boulders like these I can hardly wait According to the map the mine is a couple of miles further in that map doesn't make much sense I I hope we don't have to go through all the caves in this canyon must be 500 of them Well, the map's clear to me You know, if there was such a thing as a whaling gold mine this canyon would be a fine place for it You know, it's sort of spooky place. Ain't it gosh, isn't it though? Those shadows the big boulders cast are just plain weird. They kind of give me the chills pat Throw a little more wood on the fire. What is the lady's cold? Oh sure, right? Maybe I could find some whaling wood and we could have a whaling cat fire All the silly things I Wait a minute Roy, what was that? Roy, I'm scared. Yeah, let's get out of here. Well, you're a couple of fine westerners Don't even know a coyote when you hear one. Oh, it's a coyote Well, sure. It's a it's a coyote. I I knew it all the time. Oh, sure Now you'd better crawl into your sleeping bags and get some shut-eye bullet and I'll stand the first watch Imagine Roy on Dale chasing off down that canyon following that silly map and living me here Sure doesn't seem to be anyone around steal our equipment Oh me Belly-belly if you could only talk Well, I guess you can't Well as long as they're looking in caves, I guess I might as well go through the one we're camped outside, doesn't Bullet now you keep one eye open and call me if you need me Yeah, I'll shut your board as I am Women can lead y'all to the dirtest wild goose chase I don't know why Roy's humor and Dale like this Say it's kind of dark in here Oh cows will have wings and bears will have tails when anyone finds a cave that wails Oh boats will have Jeeps will have sails when anyone finds a cave that Oh, that dirt no Kyle again. Gee for a minute there. I thought Oh, wait a minute Kyle's don't live in caves do they? Oh, oh Roy. Oh dear. Well, this adventure is mighty exciting. Hey listeners, and here's something every bit is exciting The new Roy Rogers king of the cowboys pop out trading cards offered you by post cereals free of extra cost There are 36 different pictures in this wonderful series Real life pictures of Roy dale trigger bullet and pat in exciting action And here's why these cards are so extra special You see the main part of each picture pops right out easy as you please You have lifelike two dimensional figures that stand up by themselves Great for decorating your room or club headquarters and don't forget you send no box tops no money These Roy Rogers cards are free of extra cost At your grocers just look for the trading card packages of these famous post cereals Crinkles raisin bran grape nuts flakes bran flakes sugar crisp and post toasties Each package brings you one of these wonderful cards Imagine the terrific display you will have with all 36 So hurry be the first in your gang to get your Roy Rogers king of the cowboys pop out trading cards Get a good supply of your favorite post cereals tomorrow And start collecting and swapping your Roy Rogers cards right away Roy it was the wildest weirdest scariest whale I ever heard Pat I still think you were dreaming things and I'm gonna prove it to you I wasn't dreaming Roy If you if you're not scared, why didn't you let Dale come with us? Well, someone has to keep an eye on the game If you'd done that this morning, we wouldn't be wasting our time I can't see where I'm going Roy. Why don't you keep the flashlight on? Why didn't you think to pack more than one flashlight? We'd better save the batteries in case we really needed it Oh, hey, I've tripped over something Roy. Ouch my toe Well, there's probably one rock on the floor of this cave and you have to stumble over Roy this ain't no rock. It's a sack or something What? Let's see. It's right down by my foot. Shine the flash on it It's a sack. I'll get the dirt thing opening Look Roy, a lot of little rocks. Hey, they shine.  Yeah, where'd you come from? You're mine who I am never mind where I come from I bought myself a map that led me here and you fellas are stealing my gold We bought a map too. At least a friend of ours didn't and if this really is gold, it belongs to her It don't belong to nobody but me Don't worry about us old timer. If you fell for that map deal too I think our friend would be happy to split the gold with you. I'm not sharing my gold with anybody How did I tell you? Get get get Well, sorry, but there's something I want to find out about this cave Pat here claims you heard a whale and noise and I'm sorry to interest Why that stuff about the whale and gold mine is a lot of nonsensical hullabaloo It is not. Well, you may not have heard it, but I did. I heard all I want to hear from you fellas Are you gonna get or am I gonna have to get help? Well, I guess you're gonna have to get help because if this is the whale and gold mine I aim to find out what makes it whale. Yeah, you bet me too. All right But don't say I didn't warn you and mind you you leave my gold alone Well, don't worry about the gold old timer. It'll be here when you get back Think of that boy The old fella probably bought a map too and just happened to stumble on this cave like we did those nuggets Do you think they're the ones that confidence man planted here years ago? Could be The sack was pretty old Now, uh Were you just deep in the cave when you heard the whale? I don't think so He scared me so or I mean it surprised me so that I don't right to remember. Come on then. Let's look in a little further Don't you remember me? What why mr. Norman? What are you doing out here? Tell that dog to give me a chance and I'll tell you Quiet bullet. This is not a friend of mine.  You shouldn't have sold it to me No, ma'am. I shouldn't because this year boulder canyon is the most dangerous earthquake country. There is Why these big rocks go bouncing around here like marbles sometimes and if anything happened to you My conscience had just hurt me something terrible Earthquakes here. Why sure I got to thinking ma'am and I says to myself Nugget and all and I says You can't let that pretty little filly risk your life for a little measly old gold But we think we found the mine one of my friends claims he heard a wailing noise right inside this cave Look out little lady. Look out quick Oh, I just grabbed you in the nick of time. Well, are you all right? Look out. Look out. There comes another one Oh Now you see what you're up against gosh.  Yeah, I guess I'd better.  So he'll be safe. But what about you? Will you be all right? Oh, sure. Sure. I can take care of myself Done it for a good many years now.  It's got to be the same fellow we met here a while ago Yeah, must be come on. We're getting out of here fast. Come on bullet. Yeah, now you're talking roi But roi he saved me from the rocks that fell in the earthquake and besides bullet liked him Dale this isn't earthquake country and I thought he was a harmless old duffer too But you can't always tell by the first impressions. I don't know about that roi I like nally bell.  You just forget about nally bell Let's get out of this cave. It isn't far now. Look. There's the light from the mouth I can't see it now. Oh, what happened? There's a rock across the opening of the cave Come on everyone Hey, you mean one of them great big boulders fell and shot us in here. It looks like we're shut in here. All right I'm not so sure the boulder just fell All right pat. Let's get her shoulders against this thing and see if we can move it. I'm with you, roi Can't even budget The thing not only weighs a ton, but it feels like it's wedged in Won't even jiggle. Maybe old mr. Norman's still out there. He'll get help for us Oh, mr. Norman A little fella we saw sure couldn't have rolled this rock up here hardly Mr. Norman There roi, did you hear that now? Do you still think I was dreaming? We're shot in the wailing gold mine deal pat. Well, come on. Follow me. We're gonna find out what's behind all this wailing business We seem to be right on top of it. I'm scared. You know, roi. I have too. No, I was but I'm not now Look, hey, there's a little hole to top the cave and the light's coming through it. That's right Now look again. Can you see a cord leading down? Well, yes, I see it now. I'll turn on the flashlight. Hey, what's that on the end of the string? Well, I'll be a busted cylinder hit. It's a saw A saw sure is a musical saw That's the wailing the wailing gold mine. Oh, roi gee. I feel better now Someone sits it vibrating and drops it down and the echoes of this big cave. Well, that's all there is to it Then somebody's got to be up there playing that learned saw Right, and I'm getting an idea who it is. You're getting an idea who it is. Hey Well, aren't you smart? You came to see what you could see and you saw a saw Why nugget norman, maybe you think this is a joke, but I don't Are you don't hey, well, I do I told you two fellas. Did you be sorry if you stole my gold?  I told you I'd get help Well get some help and get us out of here. Well, I don't know I trust a little lady, but I don't trust you two jaspers So I'll deal with a little lady. How about it, ma'am? Want me to let you out?  We're gonna do it, right? We haven't got much choice right now all of them now and no monkey business All right, all the guns are tied on. Yeah, that's a ticket now up goes the string Well little lady, I guess when I come into your restaurant You've never heard of corky louis's wailing gold mine had you look let's save the talk to lady Yeah, that's what I say you got our guns and you could have the golden that ought to just about close the subject Please mr. Norman. You promised you'd get the boulder moved.  The two minute energy works for you. So how about how about Yep, how about those grape nuts flakes?  It's delicious So ask mom to get your grape nuts flakes the two minute energy cereal Look for roy's picture on the front of the package They'll roy and pat trapped in the halloween gold mine by an immovable boulder Find that the mysterious wailing is nothing more frightening than a musical saw They find to that their captor the old rascal who sold deal the map is none other than corky louis Famous confidence man of earlier western days All right, who's he talking to? We said he had help but He's got to have more than one man to work like that. Well Corky wasn't so tough to handle after all. Oh, of course.  I'll believe that when we're back in paradise valley I Well, he's letting us out anyway Let's just say I'm showing you the daylight sort of temporary like I don't none of you move unless you want to dance a jig to the tune of the lead from your own shooting irons Come along louis Hey, that's three men. That's three men all packed into one frame There they are louis the only people who ever found the gold I hid here 50 years ago You want me to take care of me mr. Corky. Yeah, not just yet louis not just yet Now young lady, I've been giving your case a lot of thought. Well put those guns down little man. They're dangerous You bet they are to you Well, now I'll tell you I've been making myself a real nice little live and ever since I got out of prison The way I've been doing it is I've been selling maps the maps never lead any place but Somehow you folks got lucky and found the place. I keep my gold That's your gold, huh? You bet it is I put it here 50 years ago and it's paid me big interest ever since I'd be glad to let the little lady go home and I wouldn't even care to cause you fellas any harm Only trouble is you're on the maracket And I'm too old to look for another job Well, I'm just gonna have louis roll a boulder back and leave you here while I go on selling maps Hey carkey If you're going to keep on using that wheel and saw you ought to find a way to play it So you wouldn't have to pull it up and down. Want me to show you something? Well, what do you mean? You a musician? Sure, sorry to Oh, all right. What do I do? Give me a piece of cord. Give me a piece of cord louis and remember rogers Your own guns are looking right at you every minute. Sure. Sure. I know Israel Don't try no funny business. Yeah, go ahead rogers. Show me what you're going to show me All right You have the rope tied to one end of the saw so it just dangled down. Yeah Now if you'd tie the cord on each end the way i'm holding it Why then you could take it and snatch two guns right out of a man's hand Oh my wrist. Let me get him. Get all of him. Pat, grab those guns and grab corky. All right, look out You snap guns away from mr. Corkey. I snap every bone on your body Oh, hold on. I know how to fight a big lug like you It doesn't feel so good in the stomach. That's it. You dodge like mosquito.  He's dropping his arms. You bet. We'll see what his jaw can take too Oh, Roy, you knocked him out you knocked that big bruiser out. He was pretty lucky Because if he had just been a little taller, I'd never could have reached his glass jaw rogers I need a man like you on my staff Why don't we forget this whole thing and talk business? I'm not listening to you corky Nobody will listen to you again except maybe your fellow inmates in prison Now pat We've got to figure out a way to get these fellas back to town. Well nally bells. I'm mighty sturdy old gal. Let's go Now wait a minute. Aren't you forgetting a certain bag of nuggets that belongs to me? I told you this trip wouldn't be a wild goose chase and we all got what we came after We all got what we came after what do you mean? Well You insisted on tracking down the man who sold me the map and you did it Huh, and pat said he couldn't wait to find a gold mine that wales and he found one Huh, and I had a very special reason for wanting to get hold of a couple of thousand dollars Thanksgiving is less than a month away and I'm going to see that every poor family within 50 miles of mineral city Has the biggest turkey dinner they ever had pat. I don't know about women. I'll declare. I just don't know about That's all for now folks. This is roi rogers saying to all of you from all of us Goodbye. Good luck. And may the good lord take a liking to you. See you next week Happy The roi rogers show was brought to you tonight by post grape nuts flakes the great two minute energy cereal Grape nuts flakes is the cereal roi likes best for strength and energy Look for the picture of roi and trigger on the front of the package The roi rogers show can be heard again next week at the same time with pat brady Day 11's and the king of the cowboys himself Roi rogers an art brush production written and directed by fran van hardis felt with music by milton charles Handi dandy and candy the three little honey bears you see on the front of every sugar crisp package Want me to remind you This is national honey week Yes, and a good way to celebrate is to discover that delicious sugar and honey coated treat sugar crisp As a cereal, it's dandy for snacks. It's so handy or eat it like candy right out of the package It's a honey of a treat any way you eat it This week national honey week try post sugar crisp Featured in today's cast where frank hemmingway cliff arkett and ben welden This is art balance. You're speaking for post grape nuts flakes Stay tuned in for the latest news brought to you by log cabin syrup


Hello everyone, this is Mr. P. On today's lesson, we're going to take a look at the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. So a brief look at the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. So we have a question. Who were the first people to live in Canada? Europeans or the Indigenous Peoples? Well, if you said the Indigenous Peoples, you're right. It was the Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous Peoples are those whose ancestors were the original inhabitants of Canada, the first people of Canada. They're divided in three groups. First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. The First Nations is made up of many smaller groups such as the Iriquois, Algonquin, Micmac, etc. So let's take a look at the First Nations first. There are over 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands. They live south of the Arctic coast. Each nation has its own culture, customs, beliefs, traditions, and worldviews. Many First Nations believe everything is connected. First Nations have their own creation beliefs. The Inuit. Inactituk, for people, are an Indigenous people, the majority of whom inhabit the Northern regions of Canada. An Inuit person is known as an Inuk. There are eight main Inuit ethnic groups. They were hunters and gatherers who moved seasonally from one camp to another. Inuk adults harvest country food, which includes seal, whale, duck, caribou, fish, and berries. The Métis. This group was formed after the Europeans arrived. The term is used to describe communities of mixed, European, and Indigenous descent across Canada. The first Métis communities emerged during the Great Lakes fur trade in the 18th century. The blending of European and Indigenous traditions has created a unique and rich Métis culture. Adopting Indigenous bedding practices and popular European floral designs, their Métis created an art form all their own. The Métis could speak various Indigenous languages and were often literate, in French or English. So where do they live in Canada? Well, the majority lives in the North. 25% in Yukon, 50% in Northwest Territories, and 85% in Nunavut. The rest are scattered among provinces. The Indigenous peoples speak different languages. And this is a map more or less showing the most spoken language, which is Algonquin. The Indigenous peoples dwellings. We have the tipi for the First Nations, the longhounds also for the First Nations, and the igloo for the Inuit. Food. So we have marine life, like crab, seal, whale, fish, etc. Meat, like caribou, buffalo, duck, snake, turtle, etc. Vegetables. We have corn, squash, potato, nuts, etc. Clothing. So we have warbonnets, we have moccasins, we have all types of fur coats. First Nations clothing was made from caribou skin or beaver fur. Inuit would wear caribou skin clothing and seal skin boots. Spirituality. The elders passed down meaningful stories to younger generations through oral storytelling. The dream catcher is a symbol of unity and is hung for protection. Transportation. So we have snowshoes, canoes, kayaks, toboggan, etc. So now let's take a look at a brief history of Canada. Jacques Cartier. He was a French explorer who came to Canada in 1534. There are three main reasons for his exploration. First, to find an alternate route to China. Second, to bring back gold, silk, and other riches. And third, to claim the land for the Green of France. His exploration of the St. Lawrence River allowed France to lay claim to lands that would become Canada. He made three trips to the New World. During his first trip he explored parts of Newfoundland, the southern shore of the Labrador Peninsula, and north shore coastlines on the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Cartier's first two encounters with the aboriginal peoples in Canada, most likely the MiG Mac, were brief. Some trading occurred. His third encounter took place on the shores of Gaspey Bay. With the party of St. Lawrence's irrequirements, where on July the 24th he planted a cross to claim the land for France. And this is the map of the first voyage. You can see the red line is his voyage through the Gulf of St. Lawrence. On his second voyage he explored most of the St. Lawrence River, as you can see from the red line. The meeting of two cultures. What do you think happened with the Europeans and the first nations met? Was it positive or negative? So let's pause the video and give your reasons. Now that you have paused the video and have your answers, let's look at my answers then. The positive outcomes. Well, they learned of new foods, salt and bread. The Europeans introduced them to woolen cloth. They were also given or traded iron weapons by the Europeans, which they became increasingly dependent on. What about the negative outcomes? Well, this is another story. The Europeans introduced them to alcohol, which had a tremendous effect on them. They brought diseases like smallpox, influenza and measles, which killed thousands. The French tried to impose Christianity on them. Indigenous peoples versus Europeans. The indigenous peoples. They had the land and felt okay to share it. They wanted goods, money and government assistance that the Europeans could offer. The Europeans, well, they really wanted to settle the land in Canada. They realized that the indigenous peoples would always be a threat without signing an official treaty. So what did they do? They signed a treaty. So the indigenous peoples or the indigenous rights. As the first people to live in Canada, indigenous peoples hold rights to Canadian land. But once the European settlers arrived in Canada, the indigenous peoples were pushed to the side. The government needed land in Canada to give to European settlers. So they asked the indigenous peoples to give it up and sign a treaty. The government promised the indigenous peoples to get fair payment for the land. So what can we do to help improve the quality of life and fill the rights of indigenous peoples? Well, one way we can help is to learn more about their cultures, their way of life and to understand their needs. In this manner, we can determine the best methods of helping them. Well, I hope you enjoyed the lesson. If you have any questions about indigenous peoples, you can post them under this video. So if you haven't subscribed to my channel, I suggest you do. If you liked the lesson, hit on the like button, please. And if you want, you can share the lesson. Until next time, bye-bye.


Throughout the history of Chinese medicine, there's been one very, very famous method of herb administration, which is called a decoction, or tang in Chinese. Now, basically it's a soup, right? You boil the herbs in a pot and you drink them. But in this video, I thought I would share how to actually make a famous formula called gugantang. Hey guys, I'm Dr. Alex Hine, author of the health book Master of the Day and doctor of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine. So before we jump into this video here, there's two very important links right below the video. The first is for a free guide, which is four daily rituals that could potentially help you add years to your life with traditional Chinese medicine. And the second is if you'd like to become a patient of mine locally in Los Angeles or virtually via telemedicine, you can reach out to my clinic and my practice with the link right below this video. So first, let's hop on over to the kitchen. I'm going to go through the original text with you talking about this formula from a couple hundred years after Christ. And then we're going to make it on the stove top together and we're going to test it out. So let's go. All right, guys. So now that we're in the kitchen, I want to show you the original text that this formula comes from. So come on over and check it out. And so I'm going to read it for you here. We talked about we can't use that one Mahuang, right? But here you go. Line 14 in a text called a Shanghan Lun. It says Taiyang disease or the illness is in the Taiyang, which is the superficial level. Like when you get a cold, stiff back of your neck, there's sweating and there's cold a version. So it's like when you get a chill up your back and it says greater job. Guggen Tong is the formula to do it, right? Masters it, governs. So let's take a look at this formula as ingredients, Guggen for the young. We're using more of the modern beyond, which is basically three grams per the young. So it's 12 grams. Other practitioners disagree on that number, but we're not using the Mahuang. Guajir Tu Liang, so we'll say six grams, Baixiao, six grams, Fresh Ginger, nine grams, Honey Fried Licorice, six grams, and then Dazao Dates, 12 pieces. We're just going to use six grams for that. Okay. And this is the preparation ingredients and instructions for this formula, how exactly to prepare it. So let's take a look over here at the herbs. Some of these herbs that I was missing, I have them already in here. So we're going to dump these in there and I'll show you what some of these are here. All right. The big red one is the Dazao, the date. And you can see these big square chunks is Guggen Kudzu. This is really effective for colds and upper respiratory issues involving the sinuses or rhinitis, runny nose, that sort of thing. All right. So there's a large dosage of that.  All right. You can see that. And then let's add the cinnamon twig. All right. We said six grams for that. All right. So I'm just going to take this. I'm just going to go to six. We're going to add the Honey Fried Licorice, six grams of that. And the last thing is the Fresh Ginger and nine. It's just from the market. It's pretty weak in terms of ginger, but I'm just going to slice this up here. All right, guys. So now that we have the water, basically this is about six cups. And I'm just going to dump this right in there. You know, the Dazao, which is the dates, the Guggen, the Kudzu, you see the cinnamon twig, you see the Honey Fried Licorice, the ginger sinks and the Baixiao, the peony. You can see that. And then we're going to go bring it over to the stove. And then when it basically comes to a boil, we're going to simmer it for about 40 minutes. We're going to strain that out and re-boil it again for 40 minutes. So we'll catch you in about an hour and a half after we boil this twice. We'll do a little tasting. I'm going to make Chris taste it, too. So in case you project all vomits on camera, you guys are going to know why because of this formula. So we'll try it in about an hour and a half, and then we'll wrap this video up. All right, guys. So the timer has gone off. So we're going to walk on over here and come check out this formula really quick so you can see this, what this looks like, the final product. So it's a very thick and soupy mix, very dark red. Smells very cinnamon-y and ginger-y in here. So now, you know, typically we would strain it. So what we can do is we can use a French press like this. Nice color there. You look at these, the herb matter, pretty nice, those big dots out of the dates, the ginger. We're going to pour it in here so you guys can see the color because it is a beautiful color to it. All right. And so it's a pretty thick kind of soupy mix. And then typically what we would do is I reduce the six cups to about three and then take one cup three times a day when you're acutely ill. So let's try this, this little chemistry set. Very tasty.  Tastes good. So that's how you make a traditional herbal decoction on the stovetop, right? We've taken the raw herbs, we brought them to boil and then simmered them and then we've broken it down into our, this would be probably a dose and a half for three doses in a day. So that's actually how to make a Chinese herbal decoction. We actually ended up making what's called Guizhou Jia Guigintang, not actually Guigintang because mahuang, the herb of federa, is illegal in the U.S. and so I can't import it, which is a tragedy. But that's a little bit of an intro on how to make this formula, what the formula does and what the individual constituents in this formula actually do. Because Chinese medicine is very distinct in that we only really primarily use combinations of herbs as opposed to just single herbs, you know, drinking chamomile tea to help you sleep for example or Valyrian root. They're almost always compounded into formulas. Very very special and very unique in that way. So that's all I have for you today guys. Don't forget to check out these related videos right there and I'll see you soon.