When my son and daughter-in-law came to live with Steve and me for a couple of months, we asked them afterwards, what was something that surprised you that you learned from living with us? And they both said, how much time do you spend on your teeth? And we just thought that was really funny, because we do spend a lot of time on our teeth. So I am in the wide brush booth with Saad Sassin, who's going to show us a way to speed up that whole process. What do you have here today? Absolutely. This is an electronic toothbrush that has sonic vibrations. It brushes all of your teeth simultaneously in under 20 seconds. So you just turn it on, put it in your mouth, chew lightly on it and twist it side to side. 10 seconds, the timer will tell you when you're done, twist it to the other side, same thing, and 10 seconds, completely done. Same effect as one of these head brushes. In two minutes, you get it in 20 seconds with this. So I'm going to describe this because we're audio and video. So it's a big black box with a circular button on it, or it can have a nice handle as well, two different models it looks like here.  And what I love is the demonstration model here.  That's a good demo. I really like that. Thank you. So does the YBrush, can you buy it today? It's already available. You have it on our website, YBrush.co, or you can buy it off Amazon. We have our new products as well, which is this one. It's just the universal head brush. So if you already have a Philips Sonic Air, you can just buy this and then just plug it in and then same thing, 20 seconds you're done. I was using my Philips Sonic brush just a couple hours ago. You can just buy the head brush if you don't want to switch brands completely. You can just buy the head brush or you can buy our brand, which is another pack, and the whole brand is YBrush. So what's the advantage of the long stick handle versus the small button? It depends what people prefer. So it's like different brands. You should hold in your hands. Yeah, some people prefer the small cubic shape. Some people prefer this handle. So just a... How does it make it work? So how is the Sonic brush going to know to tell me to switch in 20 seconds? Oh no, this is the thing you have to count when it's not... I'm going to have to count. Oh man, that's not our brand. Come on, that's a lot of work yet. I can't be expected to count. 10 seconds. It's quite quick. I'm going to use my watch. Exactly. 10 second timer. 10 second on each side. Well this is very cool. How much is the YBrush cost? You have different brands. You can buy this one for $99.9, the other one over there is $79.9, and you can buy the prices start with the head brushes. You can buy this one, which is not the universal one for $29.99, or the universal one for $39.99, and you can subscribe to have it delivered directly to your house. It gets you a discount if you do, so every four months. So you're forced to actually remember to change your toothbrush out? If you subscribe, you don't have to remember.  Okay, maybe I'll do the counting, but I can't be expected to remember to be ordered, right? No. All right, this is very cool. YBrush.co. Co. Very good. Thank you very much. No worries. Have a nice day.


Thank you. Thank you. Hello everyone. So well Martin already sold me I guess. So bonjour. My name is Alexi. You can guess from my accent that I'm French. I'm sitting at number Lee. I've been around open source for quite a while now. I'm a maintainer of MK docs in case some of you know about it and I know I've heard that Tom Christie is a participant of Europe Python. And this is yes my 10th Europe Python participation. So I'm also a tech speaker and writer. You can find everything on my website and I go around the internet as a ultra bug. And today I'm the guy standing between you and food and I'm here to talk about the language that this conference is not about. So I guess most of you are wondering what they are doing here. So I'm gonna try to make that clear right now. People taking interest in Rust today usually already know one programming language. Thank you Captain Obvious. We all come with our programming experience and bias. I have for myself not a student computer science. I'm a self-taught programmer and a mediocre one. I don't have a deep understanding of the lower representation of the types I work with every day using Python in my code. And I even hated programming before I discovered Python 20 years ago. Makes me old. So this talk is not a Rust versus Python talk. If you are in for the fight, sorry. This is not a comparison as well between Python and Rust. I won't go into lower details between the two. I'm not fit for it. And I'm not trying to convince anyone to use Rust instead of Python. So if you want to find a good excuse to switch and don't do Python anymore, you're not at the wrong place either. Instead, I want to share my experience and rational in adopting Rust as another tool and other programming language that I can use. I want to share my experience in getting Rust in production at Numberly. And I want to maybe emphasis on some thoughts and perspectives that I got along the way. Now, I need to explain some business context and how Python is used at Numberly and how I got to Rust in the first place. So here we go. At Numberly, we process a lot of data. We are a data marketing company helping clients connect with their own customers using all digital channels available. And for this, we need to crunch a lot of data. A typical pipeline looks like this. We have three, let's say, Python applications that we will call Python data processors that will get some data out, some Kafka topics. So some raw data that is coming is read by three different Python applications that will then have to enrich this data, meaning that I'm taking some raw data. I'm going to issue some query to a remote database, no SQL one that is CLA DB in our case. And then I get some new data in. I add it to the raw data and I put the result back into a dedicated topic in Kafka. Those dedicated topics will be in turn consumed by downstream applications. So in this case, you can see that I have three front end Python applications doing this enrichment. And then the enriched data will be fed to partners, business logic, and even clients. Those downstream applications can be written in Python, Go, Java, whatever. It doesn't matter really. And all of this is scheduled and deployed using Kubernetes at Numberly. Now, this pipeline reliability is really latency sensitive and we need strong resilience because if one of those three main processor Python application starts throttling or slow or fails, our business and partners are at risk. In the worst case scenario, we lose money or our partners do.  So we need to trust those Python applications with our lives. At some point, we had and we were faced with the challenge to actually rewrite the business logic around those three Python applications so that we could make them into one. So this redesign thinking had to happen and it got me thinking quite hard, maybe a little too bold, because I wanted to approach this challenge differently. The go-to decision would just have to merge, have been to merge those three Python applications into one bigger Python application, right? But I was following Rust and Rust maturation for a while and at that time, it started to, I started to have the feeling that the language as well as its ecosystem were mature enough for a spin. Plus, their marketing motto speaks to the marketer inside of me and pouring everyone to build reliable and efficient software. Everyone, well, I felt included so maybe it could be me. And then, as you heard before, I needed those reliable and efficient software patterns for my use case. So after a not-so-long thinking, I went to my colleagues I was working on with on those three applications and Python application and said something like, hey, why not rewrite those three Python processor apps into one Rust application? They looked at me like this. I don't blame them even if for a while I almost lost my CTO batch because of this. But I don't blame them because those three Python applications, they were up and running for almost five years or something. They were battle-trusted. We actually did trust them with our own lives. So we knew them by heart. They were very, very, very good. So instead of having a blunt sentence like this, I figured out that I needed to explain my motivation and the rational that got me there and got me to engage with Rust instead of Python for this use case. So Python is usually the first language you learn even at school today. And this is amazing to me at least. And it's probably due to its popularity and accessibility and wide range of use cases. So you can use Python for almost everything. And I always have been amazed by these batteries included, philosophy, and that you feel very, very fast when you start using Python. And it advertises itself as a general-purpose programming language. Python does fit indeed a lot of use cases at Numberly in wide range of use cases. It did fit my processor pipeline use case very well and for a long time. And coped with this growth without a glitch. Over the five years it almost tripled in scale without a glitch. So I want to emphasize something very important right now. Python was fast enough to handle those pipelines at scale. That means that I did not choose Rust to be faster. And I agree with Brett Cannon. I don't know if you know this blog post of his. And a lot of us are talking about him today. I see. And that's great. And I agree with him when he says that selecting a programming language can be a form of premature optimization. And so I want to add this. I did not go for Rust to be faster. And I know a lot of people take interest in Rust because it's supposed to be omigot fast out of the box. But coming from Python, I think it could be a mistake. And at least I don't find it to be the right angle to approach Rust. Because Rust advertises itself as being efficient, not fast, which is not the same to me. Because the fast meanings vary depending on your objective, context and experience. Let's look at it. Is it fast to develop in Rust? No way it can be faster to develop in Rust than in Python. I've been doing Python for 15 years. So I want to jump into the Rust ship to develop faster. Is it fast to prototype using Python? Of course not. The code must be complete to run and correct as well to run. So you just can't Python it or just run a simple command and see what happens. That does not exist. Is it fast to process data? Well, Karim just before me said that yes. So of course, maybe prove it. That's a fair assumption. But at least I know that Python was fast enough in my case. Is it fast to cover all failure cases? Yeah. This is built in the language syntax. That's a really interesting feature. Is it fast to maintain? Well, in our case, nobody else at Numberly were doing Rust anyway. So I would be the only one maintaining this. And I'm not that fast. So I'm not sure. Type checking helps and typing helps. But in our case, no. So in summary, going for Rust will mean that I will be slower. So why would I want to lose time in one word? Innovation. Because innovation cannot exist if you don't accept to lose time. The question is to know when and on what project. Rust makes promises and advertises something else than efficiency, reliability. So I thought that what makes me slow can make me stronger. Why would it make me stronger? Because Rust has some low level paradigms, such as authorship, borrowing, and lifetimes. At least if it compiles, it's supposed to be safe. It has strong type safety. It makes the code predictable, maybe more readable in some cases, and maybe more maintainable in the long run. The compiler and the Rust compiler is an actual friend of yours when interacting with Rust and trying to figure out what you are doing wrong. It's still better than random Python exceptions. The dependency management in the cargo terminal is just a joy. The first time I encountered it, I couldn't believe my eyes versus the requirements in English. I know the PyProject terminal initiative goes the right way and I'm happy about it for Python. It has some exhaustive pattern matching. This one is a lifesaver because it brings you confidence that you will not be forgetting a special case. And it has some error management primitives with the resultinums, which allows you writing the syntax of your code to properly handle failure. And that's pretty interesting as well. At least that's some nice promises that you can try to take for a spin. So I chose Rust because it provided me with the paradigms and the abstraction level that I needed to understand and better explain the reliability and performance of my application. In other words, I felt like this project was the right opportunity for me to innovate on the reliability and efficiency marks. Now, I expected Rust to be difficult and it really was, but not for the reasons that I anticipated. Let's look at how I learned Rust the hard way.  I am aiming for a real world application and to replace some real world and business-critical Python applications. So adopting a new language straight for production is quite hard. Even more with the high stakes that we are talking about, which you have also to monitor and prove with observability because you can't just take Rust promises for granted. You have to measure them and prove them that they are right. So here is the stack that my new Rust program had to interact with. Obviously, I needed to be able to connect to Confluen Kafka, get some data out, deserialize it somehow. Then I will need to be able to issue queries to remote no SQL database to get new data out of the raw data that I got to get enriched data. When I got this enriched data, I need to put it back in Kafka. I need to be able to monitor for some failures in my code and report them. So for this, we use century at numberly. And then I need to prove everything that I have been saying so far with proper numbers and graphs. So I need to have Prometheus and then Grafana plug to it. And all of this runs on Kubernetes. So let's start with the first world that I hit in my Rust journey. And it started pretty fast because it was due to reading data from Kafka. At numberly, we use Confluen Kafka with a schema registry feature so that we can enforce strong schemas on the data that we put on the Kafka topics that we rely on. And the Confluen Kafka schema registry had some magic bite at the start of the payload when you put it in Kafka. And this breaks the vanilla apache avro deserialization. So I had to issue a manual approach. I'm showing the code here. I'm not expecting you to read the entirety of it. But this is how it's done for later reference if you want. And that's the most performance way. Then I found out that Yerar Klisch had a crate, which is the Rust word for library that is called schema registry converter. We worked together on making sure that using his crate didn't hit performance on reading and the Kafka payload. So now it's available. And if you ever have to do it, use his crate. It's great. So thank you, Yerar. So I was able to read data from Kafka. Now I need to deserialize it using avro. And then again, it was broken. I couldn't deserialize the data that I was now able to read. And at this time, there was no point in maintaining in the apache avro organization, at least for Rust. You are new in this programming language, right? So I blame myself for days before I even thought about opening the apache avro Rust source code and have a look at it. But I finally did. And to my own surprise, it was actually broken. So for our complex schemas, the official apache avro Rust library was not working and it was broken. I opened it some Jira for this. And I actually contributed the fixes to the library, which got merged a few months later by the newly appointed maintainer, Martin. So thank you, Martin. I must admit that I felt like being the only person on earth using avro Rust in production, which was a weird feeling in that path. But once it's working, though, it's working amazing. And the first gratification I got from it is to actually see the effects of the Rust compiler optimization. So when you just wrangle with the code, you run in debug mode so that it's faster to build and to iterate. And then when you start getting serious, you just build your code using the release mode. There should have called it serious mode. And then it had some nice optimization. And this kind of optimization got my P50 latency down from something like 600 microseconds to deserialize one message down to almost 70 milliseconds. Sorry, microseconds. So it's pretty interesting. It allowed me as well to prove that avro deserialization is actually faster than deserializing JSON, at least in our complex schema use cases, which was something that was expected by a colleague of mine and that I could finally prove here. Now, experimenting requires tangible evidence of the impacts of what you're doing. And that's why I always, always, always set up and use Prometheus to measure everything right from the start of my iterating on an application. And a great learning that I wanted to share here is to fine tune your histograms, buckets, because the default ones are usually not what you are wanting. So you have to know what you want to measure and to have an expectation on the latency range of what you are measuring. In my case, I expect a CLA-DB insert, so in a remote database. I expect this latency to vary from five microseconds to up to 15 seconds, which is the maximal time outset on the server. This is how it's done in Rust as well. Once again, it's here for reference, but you basically start a timer, issue your query in the case that this query went okay. You can observe the duration, meaning you can store the result and the latency for Prometheus to scrap later. If it did not work, I don't want to pollute my matrix, so I just drop the timer and don't register it. So this was great. Now, once you have the matrix, you need to observe your code with Grafana. That's what we use at Numberly. And this is true as well for Python. It's not particularly related to Rust in this case. Graph all the things, really, but do it right. Make sure you graph query, throughput, rates, the occurrences of some things and know the difference between an occurrence and graphing an occurrence and a rate. Make sure that you also have strong details about your errors, Kubernetes, what not. One thing interesting is that the Grafana folks wrote a blog about graphing properly histograms, which is not as straightforward as it looks. So I've put a link to this because this is something that can have good impacts on the data and insights that you get from what you are graphing. So this is how it's done. Now, another interesting thing that I had the chance to work on is, well, since I had to issue queries to a remote database for every message I got from Kafka, I needed to find a way to absorb tail latencies that come from the database lookups so that it does not ruin my overall performance of the pipeline. Because sometimes you just have a query that can take, you don't know why, more time than usual. And you don't want your reading from this raw data stream of Kafka impacted too much by this no SQL query. That's what we call tail latencies because they happen to stack up a bit. And I had great fun discovering and playing with Tokyo RS, which is the leading asynchronous runtime in Rust. You can compare it to Async.io, but this one you have to install it. So it's not built-in, it's not batteries included. And for this, I tried to play and I played with using and controlling my green thread parallelism. I was able to cope with those latency spikes properly. So the main learning is keep your CPU bound operations in the main loop. In my case, I get on the main loop, I get the message from Kafka. I could decide to either, sorry, deserialize it right here, right now in the main loop or, that was my first approach, defer this deserialization and then the no SQL lookup database lookup into a green thread. But actually, deferring a CPU bound operation to a green thread has pretty bad performance implications. So use green threads when I.O. is required and wait as much as you can to defer this I.O. bound operations to those green threads and then allow some parallelism and control it within your code. A good demonstration with graphs, since I have numbers. Here you can see that at some point in time, the CLA-DB servers had some latency spikes, the select and insert statements, latency went up by a factor of 16, which is not something that you want. This is the graph of my green thread parallelism, which I also graph as you understand. So what it means is that since my queries were slower to the remote database, I was starting to have more green threads stacking up and waiting at the same time. Some of them were still very, very fast, but some of them, because of tail latency, were slowing down. By using this green thread parallelism, I was able to hit only my processing capacity, so the throughput of the whole reading of Kafka and outputting to Kafka by a factor of two. So instead of having my application impacted by a factor of 16, using this technique allowed me to only be hit by a factor of two, which is pretty great. Rust made this exploratory work very efficient and actually pleasant, even if I still was learning the language, and this is the kind of understanding that was harder for me to pinpoint using Python before. For the number of hungry of you, these are some key figures. So what's the max throughput of this application in our production pipeline? It's around 200k messages per second on 20 partitions, which if I relate to other numbers, let's say that you have 80 million messages waiting for you to be processed, you are able to process them in less than seven minutes. It's pretty cool. What's the late P50 latency of the avro deserialization? We already saw around 100 microseconds or less. Inserting data or getting data out, the NoSQL CLADB database is also less than a millisecond on P50. So that's pretty good as well, because they are really big tables, like more than two billion rows in the tables, and you're just looking for one of them. So it's pretty strong. Now, did I feel like losing time using Rust with all these experiments? Hell no. This whole experience actually changed me more than I anticipated, and the production results were rewarding as well. Now, allow me to share some thoughts and perspective about this journey. So while Rust is usually not an intranse programming language, I feel like, and maybe you feel too, that it's less intimidating that CRC++. I wouldn't have taken the chance on CRC++ myself. And that takes twin syntax, which is quite easy actually to understand coming from Python, because of this great level of abstraction. It makes you feel like a programming language that you could adopt, at least. Python plays very well with Rust, and Arthur showed us earlier this morning how. So thank you, Arthur, for this. And that way you can benefit from both worlds, as advertised by Brett Cannon and Karim before me. Beware, though, Rust being appealing to Pythonistas does not mean that it is an accessible language. Easy to adopt does not mean accessible. You should expect your Rust journey to be difficult. As a general proposed programming language, Python was thought to be accessible and easy to use. And I guess, and I hope that you all agree that it is, and losing all those batteries included is really, really hard at first. You feel like struggling for even basic things. The best example that comes to my mind is base 64, right? You need to base 64 some string, and you just have to install a separate lib in Rust, whereas you didn't think about it in Python, right? Now, Rust reputation of a systems programming language is not so wrong when it comes to understanding the internals of your computer. In that perspective, Rust sets higher expectation on you as a developer, and on your design decisions, I have experimented and showed you before. But that means that you also get the chance to understand the benefits and the drawbacks of certain implementations. And I learned a lot doing that, and I'm grateful that I could. Now, the Rust bureaucracy forces you to learn and care about those lower details. It can be devastating. I had some bad hours. Feeling bad about myself, yeah. But, yeah, you learn a lot and benefit from the optimizations that comes with it afterwards. It's a long-term investment. If you're in for the short term, maybe baby.org, you're just better than me, which is a high probability as well. The best example that I have in this is handling integers, right? In Python, you just set a variable, you set it to an integer like 2, and then later in your code, these two can transform into 115 billions. And you don't have to, and you don't care, right? This won't happen in Rust. You have to know in the first place that this integer can grow so big. If you don't, bad things will happen. In the best case scenario, the compiler will just tell you. So you have to account for this. The Python interpreter promoting this integer for you does not exist. You will inherently then be slower coding Python than Rust. Slower plus harder means that there's a bargain in using Rust coming from Python, I think. And this bargain can actually be beneficial if you have a clear picture of what you're looking for. Paradigms such as ownership, borrowing, lifetimes, and the result option syntax, they are mind blowing. Once you start taking interest in them and start understanding with them after struggling with them, you start getting it and just try to picture it. I mean, being able to write in the syntax to express whether something went okay or failed, or if that variable is either something or nothing, right from the syntax, no try except anymore, right? It's really changed my perception of the code that I write. So Rust is strict so that you can go to sleep without the fear that some random thing that you failed to cover or just forgot about will break loose in the middle of the night and that your own cold guy will just phone you at 3am in the morning. That's better than those random Python exceptions and I hope you didn't live through. I had this strange feeling as I went by writing and struggling in writing this application because even if it was harder for me than coding Python and I was really feeling uncertain about myself, I was actually feeling very confident in the software that I was writing. And that's a subtle difference. That's a really strange feeling. So this safe development mindset and experience brings confidence. Now, I would like to, I won't stress enough to reflect on the fast meanings. Reflect on those old meanings about the word fast. It's not a silver bullet. Listen to Brett Cannon. Python will remain my default go-to language to materialize my ideas and iterate on them. Another example of the rust bureaucracy that will get in your way, static types. Python type checking does not convey the confidence that rust type checking does. That's actually why it's called hinting, I guess. Good naming. Thank you. And Python is actually strict about types. It's just not strict at ensuring that a variable does not change type along the way in your code. That's not the same. And I never, I have to confess, sorry, today, that I never got used to type hinting in Python. And doing rust comforted me into not adopting it, actually. And not investing much time into it. Because I understood that that's because it was not what I was looking for when I was using Python. So why bother? So I'm not saying it's useless. I'm just saying that's not what I'm here in the first place. So I feel better with myself with it. And rust is super strict about it. And to my surprise, I find it reassuring when I need it for certain applications. So if I feel that my project requires those strict paradigms and bureaucracy and will benefit from it in the long run, then I can consider using rust. And then when I can consider it, I apply the rust bargain that I explained to you with my colleagues to decide. So remember, efficient does not mean fast or does not convey all the meanings of the word fast. Now, the Python community is a living joy and a great example of diversity, humility and inclusion. I'm proud that a general purpose language such as Python turned out to create such an amazing inclusive community. That's what Europe Python is actually to me. And that's why Martin said that I've been around for quite a while. And that's why I'm happy and proud to be part of it. I don't know the rust community as well as I do Python. But from my experience, I found it less you less used to bring in new people without overwhelming them with low level details that they don't need at the time of their own journey. So I wish the rust community takes inspiration from the Python's one and follow its path. Now, with not some random thoughts, rust changed me more than I anticipated. Using rust in production forced me to develop new reflexes that I applied to my daily Python. I still don't use type in team that much. But I care more about my variable types, lifetime and scope than before. One thing did not change. I'm still a mediocre programmer in Python and now in rust. And I'm still fine with it. I don't care if my rust is not as idiomatic as a real Russian, because I have the confidence that at least it's safe. I don't care that I don't master every feature of the language I use. I don't feel like I know and master every feature in Python already anyway. Are you using yourself all the Python features? Well, guess what? You don't have to use every rust feature either. Rust is not the silver bullet. Python is more, in my opinion, and at least it's intended to. And now that I understand for myself where I can benefit from the rust bureaucracy, I consider using it else Python is just great. Now, every upstart language takes inspiration from the existing ones. That was true for Python when it was an upstart language, which is not anymore, and it's also true for rust. But the other way around is possible too, I hope. In that regard, I wish Python tooling experience were better and took inspiration from rust. Karim told us before about cargo and I wished some cargo-like tool existed for Python. We could do some. I imagine it would be named PyKG something, so you want to create a new project and have a predetermined scaffolding and working example of a Python, how it's supposed to be with your requirements, TXT, or PyProject. Sorry, today. Already set up for you. PyKG new project name, thank you, just like in cargo. You want to have a new library installed on your project. In Rust, you do cargo add the create name and I wish we could do the same, using the same tool, actually, instead of having to switch to PyP. I wish there was a clear and embedded no-brainer reformatting instead of having to install black, so just straight from the language tooling. And I wish the equivalent of cargo clippy, which it's an amazing tool, it just analyzes your code and tells you what you could do better, detect anti-patterns and just propose you to fix it for you or explain to you why doing this could be made better by doing this another way. It's pretty amazing and I wish something similar when we were embedded in the default Python tooling. Once again, recent work on PyProject.toml and the Python interpreter hinting are going the right way and I'm happy about it. So it felt like taking the good in my Rust journey and bringing it back to my daily Python made me a better Pythonista. I hope this talk was informative and gave you some interesting perspectives. Let's keep in touch. I'll be happy to answer your questions and see you around during the conference. Thank you very much for being here. Thank you very much for sharing all your experience with Rust and Python together. We have time for maybe one or two questions, but not too many because dinner is short. So if you have one question, could you please go to the microphone and ask the question? Yeah, thanks for your talk. You had the opportunity to kind of burn your old projects and start a new Rust. I'm wondering if it's possible to like start something in Rust and still use your old Python code here and there. You could, technically you can. Karim and even better, Archer this morning showed how you can embed Rust code into your Python already preexisting programs for some specifics maybe that you could have. So yes, it's doable and quite easy to do, actually. So yeah, there is the most efficient one I think is PyO3, which I think is pronounced PyOxide for the O3. That's my old chemistry background maybe. But yes. Okay, thanks. Thanks for the question. The next question, please. Thank you for your presentation. My name is Viktor. The question is what can you suggest like, for example, migration architecture patterns or anti-patterns for the code migration recreation from Python to Rust? Keeping in mind, for example, that Rust doesn't support Object 3 in programming like classes and stuff. Also, Tokyo is not I think IO at all, so it's really different things. What can you suggest to people whose brain is damaged by Python or other languages? And in addition, I can you suggest to use PUN's build? It's a tool for doing what you mentioned. You also you can format your code and build and install dependencies, it will track dependencies and stuff. Okay. So when your brain is damaged, you that's a that's a that's a hard one. I think I think the best thing is to have actually the realization and have what is damaged in your brain in the first place. Okay. What is hurting you every day and try to figure out by looking at the perspectives and the Rust promises, if one of those promises could heal you there. So as I said, at least you know what you are entering and what you are looking for so that you can get a clear point of view and a clear focus, because that will allow you to not get overwhelmed with all the rest of the language, right? And it will also have a second good effect that you will get your rewarding experience at the end, because you you just know what you were looking for when when starting this journey.  I think that I hated programming because I was people try to to teach me Java, which I actually felt survival reflex to push back. And I think I did well. I didn't I did have I didn't have it using Python. So I think Python healed me more than it damaged me. But but but I think the paradigms of Rust, trying at least to understand them, even if you don't plan to use Rust every day, is really interesting, because that that's some people that that that that will help you, I think, see your code and approach code differently. And maybe you can find the right use case for you later. Thank you very much for that question. We have time for one more, please. Hi, thanks. Yeah, so I've been programming Rust for about a week. One of the things that I find most difficult to get my head around is lifetimes. And just at the end of the talk, you said that thinking about lifetimes has changed the way you think about lifetimes in Python. Just wondering, could you say a bit more about that? Yeah. Lifetimes is I still struggle with it. And even more with the actual lifetime syntax in Rust, which is not mind blowing, but brain damaging actually, Victor. That being said, I care about it in the sense that Python is very relaxed in how you can pass or not a reference to a variable in your code. So sometimes you you just ask yourself, hey, in my Python function signature, should I just pass this variable along all the way, right, or not? Or should I make it mutable and mutable somehow? So maybe I will consider using some another data model or internal data model. Rust doesn't have all this kind of mess, right, because of the borrowing logic. So you can go through your whole experience that's at least my experience of your Rust experience, just being fine and understanding the borrowing in Rust. And that's enough so that you don't have to care that much about lifetimes. At least it saves you for to keep this topic for way later. Okay. And this understanding made me look at how I create my functions and I pass variables and data around my program differently in Python, just like the signature stuff or using proper data structures in Python. Okay. Thanks for all the questions. We should now go towards the lunch break and we'll continue with the program from two. Let's have another round of applause for Lexus. Thank you.


Welcome traders to another Tick-Nail Charter with me, Patrick Manley. Want to draw your attention to XRP-USD here, we have that impulsive advance up into the 142 highs here, we're now in a corrected phase. A couple of ways this can play out, we could have a three-way correction that completes into the support zone here at 7850 and we simply extend up then through trend line resistance at 1.1600 to test the upside objective which is the projected ascending trend channel resistance up to 230. Alternatively the correction may form a more complex pattern but ultimately looking to acquire XRP on any test into this 66 to 78 level to ultimately look for this break of the descending trend line resistance and up into the ascending trend line resistance up to 37. As always traders plan the trade, most importantly manage your risk. Until next time, thanks very much.


Item number SCP-ES-019 Object Class Safe Special Containment Procedures SCP-ES-019 is contained and located in a safe deposit box within a storage facility at Site-34. Any personnel interested in experimenting with SCP-ES-019 may do so by obtaining authorization from at least one Level 3 staff member. Any D-Class personnel are allowed physical access to SCP-ES-019. Description SCP-ES-019 has the appearance of a pair of wireless headphones with AM-FM radio, also incorporating a red and black MP3 player of unknown brand and production year. It bears a few scratches and minor damage to the casing, produced during its recovery. SCP-ES-019 has the effect that, when tuning into any AM-FM frequency, different transmissions are perceived randomly. The duration of these transmissions are completely unpredictable, varying from a few seconds to ██ consecutive hours. Most of the content of these messages narrate different scenarios about the demise of the human species, reported by various voices. Some of the messages indicate that these disasters occurred during a number of different factors, some of which are other SCP objects, including some commonly seen as everyday and or commercialized objects. A side effect of SCP-ES-019, displayed in approximately ██ of the subjects who listen to the broadcast for at least 30 seconds, is a conviction in and focused on avoiding said catastrophes by preventing the occurrence of preceding events by either killing a person before their birth, destroying an artifact before it becomes a threat or ██. Such subjects can be treated with class-A amnestics, with the exception of those with a history of mental problems, mainly those affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychopathy and schizophrenia, for whom these conditions become permanent. The reason behind the inefficacy of amnestic treatment remains unknown, though speculated to be a side effect of SCP-ES-019 on said group. Addendum SCP-ES-019 was recovered from a warehouse owned by a shell company of Marshall, Carter and Dark in the port of the city of ██ during a joint follow-up with members of the Global Occult Coalition. In order to ascertain, according to informants, the possible presence of SCP-███ or SCP-███ within that building. Shortly after surveillance began, a small group of armed individuals appeared and forced their way into the warehouse, initiating a firefight that resulted in ██ with minimal losses among the agents of the Foundation and the GOC. However, much of the stored material was lost, with the exception of SCP-ES-019 and some documents regarding potential customers that were recovered from among the remains. There were no survivors of among the aggressors, or any potential people inside who may have tried to determine whether SCP-ES-019 was the only example of its kind, or a part of a larger batch with more components. The incident was covered up as a gang turf war that ended with the destruction of the building due to a gas leak resulting from the shooting. List of transmissions received by SCP-ES-019 Transmission ██-019-011 Duration of transmission ██, 2 minutes, 33 seconds Content A female voice recounts what seems to be the last moments of the city of Berlin during the end of the Second World War. This narrative displays discrepancies from baseline history, such as atomic bombs being dropped not only on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, but also in other cities such as Moscow, Tokyo, San Francisco, Paris, Rome, Brasilia, and Buenos Aires, among others. Moreover, the voice gives the year 1957, and states that there have been no summers since 1946 as a result of a prolonged nuclear winter. The transmission is abruptly cut as a bomb siren begins blaring. Effects on Test Subject Subject D-1907 stated that this event could have been stopped by assassinating various political figures such as Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill, Emperor Hirohito, and presidents Transmission ██-019-015 Duration of transmission ██, 1 minute, 12 seconds Content The weeping of an infant voice can be heard, asking for help, and stating that he is feeling lonely and misses his home. Screams and shattered glass can be heard before the transmission is cut. Effects on Test Subject Subject D-1138 ordered that the greatest number of lights be turned on in all corners of the planet, refusing to provide any explanation.  A whisper in the voice of a child can be heard during the last few seconds before the transmission stops. Effects on Test Subject Subject D-2022 showed nervousness during the period of time the transmission lasted, having the sensation of being constantly observed after the experiment. Shortly afterwards, the subject lost the ability to fall asleep, presenting symptoms similar to fatal familial insomnia, although there was no family history of it. Two weeks after the test, the subject began to complain about hearing a whisper from time to time, humming the song heard during the test. 22 days following the test, D-2022 died as a result of multiple organ failures. Transmission ██-019-027 Duration of transmission ██-30 minutes Content The voice of what appears to be an elderly man with a peninsular Spanish accent, mentioning the discovery of a hidden memetic agent present in the prayer of ██ that reportedly caused a cultural regression in most modern societies, returning them to a new dark age where the main technological advances in the field of telecommunications, medicine, anthropology, and archaeology, among others, have been declared heretical, with strong religious and societal persecution. The broadcast ends by warning listeners not to heed the call to join a new crusade to, quote, exterminate heretics from the face of the earth, unquote. Effects on Test Subject Shortly after the end of the transmission, Subject D-1137 began to accuse the staff of the foundation of being heretics, and, quote, guardians of the fallen angel, unquote, supporting religious persecution, the weakening of the main institution with the exception of ██-019-027. While he was being transferred to his cell, D-1137 became extremely violent in front of the cell of D-1908, who was an atheist, accusing him before, quote, the heavenly powers of the Holy Father to be in ██ of the devil, unquote, and continued to resist attainment before being contained, and transferred to the Department of Psychology for Observation and Study. Transmission ██-019-031 Duration of Transmission ██-5 minutes Content The full version of the song, Hamburger Lady, by Throbbing Gristle, with a distant female scream audible in the background. Following the conclusion of the song or 40 seconds consisting of sobbing, along with a male voice whispering Hamburger Lady before the broadcast ended abruptly cut off. Next on Test Subject Subject D-1999 displayed nervousness and anguish while the song was playing and, once finished, returned to its normal state of mind. The subject remained under surveillance until their termination, during which he emphatically refused to eat the meat of any animal, resisting violently even under threat of termination. Transmission ██-019-037 Duration of Transmission ██-027 Duration of Transmission ██-5 minutes seconds Content A debate between two subjects with distorted voices on the feasibility of multipurpose breeding of human livestock, detailing methods of breeding, fattening, slaughtering, and live transport, as well as traditional utilities apart from feeding of the transport animal and ██-█████. The debate lasted for ██-███ minutes and was repeated several times in different languages, including Spanish, English, Mandarin Chinese, Portuguese, and others. The last debate took place in an unidentified language, speculating that it could be the original language of the debating subjects. Effects on Test Subject Given the long duration of this transmission, four Class D subjects identified as D-2021, D-2037, D-2042, and D-2057 were used. Two hours after the transmission ended, subjects began to suffer a deterioration of superior functions, such as reasoning and speech. Eight hours later, they lost their last personality traits while retaining instinctive behaviors. Twenty-two hours later, the test subjects have become extremely docile, simultaneously losing the ability to walk bipedally and acquiring behaviors similar to that of cattle. The subjects were evaluated and placed under observation, and determination was postponed in anticipation of possible changes.


especially in the wake of whatever is happening right now in the capital city. I have with me actually people who are far more experienced on public policy, so it's a very tough ask for me to moderate this session. I've already had a class room while briefing these people, so hopefully I'm going to do a good job. I am more under the scanner than these people. So to actually begin with, what I'm going to do is, you know, in the interest of the time, it's hardly like 20-25 minutes, we are supposed to spend on this topic. And I don't think we'll be able to pick up more than two-three questions, which we can discuss. And what I'm going to do is, rather than actually introduce these people with no introduction, they're all experts in their own fields and established leaders. So what I'm going to do is actually start the topic. Basically there are a lot of terms around public policy right now, floating in the industry, you know, public policy, public affairs, government affairs, regulatory affairs. I'm actually going to start with actually Rahul, you know. Maybe if he can actually explain, like, is, like, do we see these terms being used by a lot of corporates? Or do we see an umbrella term coming in, coming into the picture? Also the interest of the audience, like, what does public policy mean in the sense there are so many terms being used by different people, different corporates. Thank you, Aman. Good afternoon, everybody. I think it's indeed the case, and there are two reasons for it. One is the evolution of how the communications industry has taken place in the last two decades, how the government relations function has evolved over the last two decades. And we tend to look at the United States and Europe as some of the markets where some of these models are already involved. So if you look at, there is, you're right, in terms of, there is that lot of confusion also around what does public affairs mean. So if you have to look at kind of an overarching definition, public affairs is a function or a role that is about managing your business environment. It combines government relations, it combines communications, issue management, and corporate citizenship strategies. And the objective of these four sort of pillars is to influence public policy, is to build a strong reputation, and find common ground with stakeholders. So in terms of an overarching sort of definition of public affairs, is what these components are. And I'm sure the co-panelists can elaborate on how within that the distinction between policy advocacy, stakeholder engagement, government relations, and regulatory affairs. So yeah, you know, there could be many dimensions to public policy. What is of particular interest to people like us that how can, when we're representing corporations and their interests, how can we have an environment where we are able to navigate and shape the public policy in support of the business of the organizations that we represent. Very simplistically, very directly. And if we do that, then of course it's successful. We have to of course balance the interest of other stakeholders as well. So that is one. Second thing is, I think today's topic, and I will just take off on this, is to do with the role of new media, the new media marketing strategy in shaping. So we all know about conventional public affairs, and how people have been doing it in the old school world, and that is something that's been going on at work. But using digital media, the new media strategies, is something which is new to public affairs as well. Like it is new to every other discipline as we heard, other panels and other experts, you know, since it's to the morning. So how can we really help and shape public policy? Can we or can we not is a fundamental question. And if we can't, then what else do we do? And so that is something which I would like to put probably raise this as a thought and then have other questions with my family. So that brings me to actually the real question. Basically, the roles, the role of communication in public policy. Is there a full-time role? Is there a support role? What is it? Maybe Arun sir can elaborate on it. Thank you Aman. As the lines are blurring between corporate communication, public policies, corporate affairs, public affairs, and we are very good at coining new and new terms. There was a time when we used to call the entire function as VR function subsequently. We called it corporate communications and then we had related functions like public policy, public affairs, corporate affairs. I personally believe that they are distinct functions, but they have to work very closely with each other. They have to support each other. People in public policy and corporate affairs, they have to interact with influencers and decision makers and they need support from corporate communication function to strengthen their case. Dilip spoke of digital media. I share very interesting example. We were running a campaign which could have been perceived as something negative for the oil and gas ministry and we released this campaign. We managed to get a quotation from the Prime Minister of India and we went public with that and we were getting a major pushback from the oil ministry saying that they may not like the fact that we are talking about the oil and gas ministry. The basic messaging was that we wanted India to be self-sufficient instead of importing oil from Kuwait and other countries. Interestingly, after getting a quotation from the Prime Minister, we managed to get the oil and gas ministry to tweet that message. Once he tweeted that message, we were home. So after that they were no protest from any other sector. So that establishes how corporate communication and corporate policy functions need to work very closely. Latika, you have a lot of views. You want to share something? Interesting. Because I take great pride in being a communications professional. I've spent almost 15 years working in PR agencies and then in corporate communications public affairs and most recently moved into public policy role at Mastercard. And I completely agree with Arun on what he's talking about and I think in the recent time with this whole technology disruption social media, the conventional playbook by which a government affairs or public affairs used to play with can change in a matter of minutes. And I also, in context of what is happening recently without talking more about it, the best policy FSR when we are listening to the people who are being impacted by it. And that's where the strategic communication plays a great role because we can get that narrative right of getting those people who are impacted both internal and external civil society media to talk on behalf of the organization. So that's exactly my views are what I would want to echo what Arun said. Latika, you moved into this role recently. What made you believe that you can do this? So I think the belief is in the fact that communication is playing a very huge role in the way organizations are shaping their policy narratives. And being in Mastercard, I worked very closely with the policy team when I joined Mastercard and especially, fortunately for me when I joined Mastercard and within six months demonetization was announced and we all have kind of enjoyed and all suffered from it. But that brought in the whole role of communication at the forefront of the company. We were no longer the team who were making press releases but shaping the narrative. And I think one challenge which the community has been part of the team at the global front leading communication narrative was differentiating between what we are saying publicly and what we are saying in terms of policy. And I think that's a first step in the way a communication person can bring in the difference in the organization. I think the second thing which made me feel confident that I will take this role is that there are a lot of skills which are very complementary to the policy role. I think we all are very good in managing multiple stakeholders that's exactly what we need to do in government affairs or public policy. Second is narratives. I can't stress enough the importance of getting the narrative right otherwise we'll be just called to use the term loosely fixer and doing the meetings with no outcome and more and more organizations are focusing on outside in approach. And I think that's where the role of communication and primarily now that I'm a policy person becomes important because you're getting that outside approach to the organizations in because the strategies have to be made keeping the broader business and economic and political context in mind. You may be having a great product but in the environment that we are in it may not be even getting launched. So keeping that in mind, dovetailing strategy according to those and I think what is most important in policy is also removing the ambiguity to business continuity and that's where being in communication you're used to being constantly in touch with media, social media having your listening ears on all the time. So I think all in all I feel communication people can make great policy people and there is a huge scope for kind of making a shift if one wants to do that. That brings me to Raji. Raji, the work in healthcare sector and again there is a lot of demand for public policy situation. Like how tough is it this role compared to a communications role given that we have all the still content, we think we have great relationships, we know how to fix the narrative but how different actually on ground is this role? That's a very prudent question which you've asked because the role which we studied maybe a decade, decade and a half back was purely from a communications point of view was purely from something which was on image management was on reputational issues. Now what evolved over the last couple of years and especially when I look back into my almost last 10 years in the health sector itself is this role needs to really dovetail with lawyers, with regulatory people, with scientific and research audiences and then you also have to have heard them in such a way that your entire stakeholder list which you have needs to align to that thought process. So in a way this role has really moved from the regular mass communication and communications role to a more niche understanding role.  So for instance right now my office has a big problem when a reputational issue comes because stents are considered by virtue of our psyche itself to be honest stents are now by the government of India costing a damn 30,000 bucks only. And when people call me and you have stents I really laugh at them and tell them look stents ka toh rate ye hai but then you actually have to see what's your hospital will coming at the end of the day. So there I have to be trained on regulatory issues. So a hospital at the end of the day would come up with x amount of surgeries or you know experts use the kind of nutritionist which you were interacting with and all that. So you need to understand the repercussions of these kind of you know other people who are actually impacting your role. So I read what regulatory affairs was. I read what the law of the land said on stents there is a NPPA directive. So what was that directive? Why was it important for me to understand that directive? Because tomorrow my MD, CEO or my head of research or my head of you know the innovation policy setup itself is going to speak at a large gathering and if he is not able to communicate what the public is or what is required for them to understand from my chapter itself I'm not going to do justice with my role itself. So it depends on industry to industry sector to sector. So I think the role has changed over the years. We need to attune ourselves more. It's not the regular reading of newspapers and magazines that we really have to catch up with. We get enough of that to our you know Twitter's and online platform. It's now moving to other areas of niche understanding. So I would just like to add to that. In fact that's one area where I think if you're looking at transition from communications to public affairs or a public policy role you have to upscale yourself. The way I see policy advocacy is about four keys of public affairs or public advocacy. The first key is policy. Do you understand policy? What Rajeev was talking about? If I'm not talking about you reading a viewpoint in a paper and then forming a viewpoint basis of viewpoint. You have to read the rules. You have to read the regulations. That's your first key. The second key is process. What is the process of policy formulation in the government? And therefore where are the areas of intervention and when do you undertake those interventions? The third, public. Always and always the fundamental of public policy is greater good or greater number of people. If you have your policy goals, if you have your corporate reputation aligned to that, then in that case you will have a brilliant program. And finally is the press where I also integrate the social media, which has played a very, very active role as Dilip was also talking about where how the policy is being influenced. So if you look at it, if you have to get the core right, otherwise if I don't understand policies, I have not spent time understanding what are the actual facts of the case, I will not be able to effectively deliver on my advocacy strategy. I wish to add to that. Very well said, Rahul. We are respected only if we are equipped with good information, whether it is media, whether it is bureaucrats, influences, ministers. If we are well equipped with information, data, trends, then we are respected. That is one. Second is we have to think from influences perspective also. As a rule bureaucrats and ministers cannot be seen to be favouring any private company or any government company for that matter because they like to be favouring the public at large like Rahul correctly mentioned. So therefore we have to build a scenario and sometimes bureaucrats themselves suggest to us in case you can get couple of articles favouring this policy then we can consider. That is number one. Number two, what is government sensitive about is what's in it for them. As long as your suggested policy does not impact their financials, their financial out go from them, we can establish that. And second is it favours the public at large. They are open to considering those policies and in case we are equipped with that information then we have much greater chances of being accepted. I think Rahul spoke about the fact that we need to understand how the policy works and I say that you need to understand the anatomy of the government. How does the government function in the country? We are a democracy. And the way democracy works is that we elect our leaders based on representation. It's all about the business of influencing public policies about to look through the right kind of representation. So something is being written about by media or something is being talked about on social media then probably not influence the eventual policy. While it will warm up the environment a little bit but it will not influence the policy eventually unless you have not made the representation to the right channel. The democratic process provides for avenues and forums for you to put the voice across which has to come from credible sources very importantly and I think that is where this whole issue about the traditional media versus digital media and influencing policy is where the digital media kind of loses its course because of so much of fake news and we don't know who is saying what is really the credibility of that information. So I think this is where the national media players are very important roles are always here from people and clients, our clients that we want to see more viewpoints on a certain issue in traditional media and not on digital media because that is what has what works. So otherwise the other dimension which we kind of always get confused about is the fact that government today is using a lot of digital media themselves. And that is the other aspect of the topic which is public service. So my view is that digital media is great for government to deliver and engage with our citizens for delivering public service but need not be the best medium to be able to influence policy on a standalone basis. I think Twitter's Seva is one interesting example. So I don't know how many of you know Twitter has a special product for government of India called Twitter Seva. So we have memories of the late Pushma Swaraj acting on people's tweets and stuff like that and just viewing them in tragic times. And that is not something which is just a response to please because there is technology which is working behind sending tickets to the right people within the government system. It's like a mailing system the way it works with our citizens. So those kind of interventions are great interventions but when it comes to probably corporates don't have a Seva which they can use to talk to government and that is what is going to probably simplify things. I'll just add one more point, very interesting point we made about Twitter. We are tempted to tag PMO and relevant minister whenever we are making a policy point. You know there are certain things that government of India likes and we may not see the using those points in case we are giving a suggestion regarding changing a policy. We may like to add oh how it is generate employment it will enhance employment, it will enhance economic development. These things are positive because we need to be very careful because PMO very strictly monitors who is saying what to one wrong step there and then it might backfire. So let's be careful, let's be articulate well in line with what is conducive to the modern government. I want to share a small example. I was speaking to one of the members very important members part of a team of one of the regional political parties and it was just about how they look at digital media and media per se. So what I heard today of course people are breaking more news on digital platforms first. From a political process and from a politician's point of view it's always about listening to the constituencies. Any communication which corporates do and I believe they don't do enough of that which is targeted at constituencies. I don't know how many multinational really spend a lot of time and effort in going to talk about issues in regional languages so that people react in a certain way and that kind of pushes the policy makers and goes up because long term campaign. So that is something which is still an unexplored area and communication would lie in terms of talking to constituencies like government stock and getting their reactions to then shape the policy in a certain way. That brings me to my last question for the families. I believe that collaboration helps in actually bringing the real favorable outcome on the public policy front. Every function has a role to play. Can you give all of you can give actually one example of the implementation role in a favorable policy outcome. I will actually flip it around and I will say that using both the sides conventionally was something which worked around and especially when I talk about the health sector. Utilizing the fact that we had a robust communication backup with us coupled with the fact that they were policy makers and here I am talking about parliamentarians who were heads of the various standing these are these standing committees which these guys have. So we got all the 19 parliamentarians who were engaged with the health sector specifically whether it's based on nutrition whether it's maternal and child health whether it's public health issues or industrial health issues we caught them engaged came up with a robust media and a communications plan dovetailed both of them to showcase a public policy impact. Simple. Do you mind if you want a name? I will share one more example going beyond within the organization regarding the collaboration. Interestingly what we learned is that PMO has given targets to all ministers for their social media presence and it is monitored on daily basis. So one opportunity that gives us is in case whatever little job we are doing in social space if we can give credit to our respective minister and let them tweet it before we do and then we retweet it means happy we are happy that is the best way of collaborating with them. So I will talk more about the unconventional ways of collaboration. So I think one way to work is that if big issue that a customer is faced I think it's very important to build coalition and communicate on behalf of the coalition. So what we have also done is bring in competition as part of that coalition talk on behalf of the customer of what should be done and what is not going right and that has worked very well. So I think that's one unconventional way I can talk about. I just want to add that in terms of looking at collaboration I think we need a consulting firm which straddles both the world's public policy as well as communication as well as digital media for a lot of our clients benefit from an integrated approach and I strongly and firmly believe in that because of the course of it is your message and the narrative that we are talking about and I think from a communication standpoint the two observations I have A, I think when it comes to as communicators we have this this immediate need to respond when crisis is received whereas when you're looking at communication from a public policy standpoint on a regular issue hold on it's more about measured it's not about responding in the next one hour to hour and I call myself the speed breaker when it comes to dealing with times of crisis issue because I'm like let's talk things, consult and then we talk about the strategy the other thing which from a larger social media ecosystem and collaboration point of view we have to be very clear of when we are looking at any campaigns is the outcome to get twitter impression or I want to make a policy thing I see a lot of clients also getting caught by the lure of having a particular say trend on a social media which will have very little impact on the outcome they seek on the policy front. So one has to be very clear that what is this that I will achieve out of out of this whether it's on a social media or whether it's on a traditional media. I think good point Rahul and Rahul and believe they are working in this space where they help clients with big policies. I just want to add one more besides social media is third party endorsement in case we can get some outsiders highly credible independent people to write on our Bihar Khan media that really helps that really helps our cause. I would add another you know layer of complexity to the whole process. Today we are not just dealing with the government, we are also dealing with the judiciary and they are taking control of what the government should be doing and we see that you know the court actions are deciding what is to be done including you know some of the bills which have recently gone through. In fact the issue is a great example of how government has to really lean on the power of the courts to do what they actually want to do. So you need to step up and I think when it comes to judiciary it's a very different kind of mechanism that you probably some of the strategies may not really work. So you need to kind of you know work at different level. You need to probably put the voices out of the people on the ground because that I think the public interest really becomes everything as a most significant. So you know the public interest litigation and all those things become very very useful methods which I think people desire to. So those are some of the examples here. We have still time left so maybe we can take one or two questions anyone has any questions or I'll just summarize basically definitely at least from the views I've got from the panelists there is a future for communications in public policy whether it is a lead role whether how we actually collaborate to make it a lead role is something that depends on upstilling depends on actually you all people who are sitting here. So I'll leave it there thank you so very much. Latika announced a vacancy with her in public affairs yeah you announced a vacancy in your team for public affairs and everybody wants to thank you thank you everyone. Thank you


Kastlik being a host in Clearbrook. Gondik is freshman Taren Frazier 19 points away from 1000. It's just a freshman. Gets off to a good start. Steals the ball 5 seconds in. Finishes on the other end. Later on, Jackie Lynn Tathlin for the Bears. The one handed pass to Annabelle Phillips. Panthers up 5 and a half. Taren Frazier drives in the lane for two. That puts her three points away. And then on the very next possession. Spots up the long ball. She drains it. Reaching the 1000 point goal. What an accomplishment for her. She finishes with 27 on the nights. And the Panthers get the win as well. 81 to 71.


How Humor Enhances Learning in the Classroom Every teacher's goal is to be effective in the classroom and help students learn. Educators want their students to be eager and engaged. Humor is an important aspect of teaching and has the power to fuel that engagement. This paper will attempt to show the value of humor in the classroom, and how humor enhances learning regardless of the culture or country in which a person is teaching. My First Experience My first introduction to teaching English in Taiwan was when I was called into the principal's office with complaints from the parents that their children were not learning in the classroom because they were having too much fun. I was informed that fun is a Western concept and that I needed to modify my teaching methods. The idea that students should not have fun in the classroom by extension includes humor, because most people laugh when they are having fun. There are many differences between the Western and Eastern philosophies of education and the idea that humor should not be a part of learning in the classroom was not something I expected to encounter. What is humor? Humor was first documented in China about 2,000 years ago, however it was devalued under Confucianism. Confucius even said, a man has to be serious to be respected. The Confucian doctrine of moderation advocates against hilarious laughter because it expresses extreme emotion. Consequently Chinese people have long scorned public humor. Confucian moralists feared that once humorous writing styles spread, life would lose its seriousness and sophistry would overturn orthodox. The Chinese people are still heavily influenced by this cultural bias. For example, humor has been consistently emitted from the list of qualities required for being a typical and creative Chinese thinker. Yue identified three Chinese ambivalences toward humor. First, the Chinese traditional social norms values seriousness, so Chinese people tend to fear that being humorous will jeopardize their social status. Second, being humorous is inappropriate because Confucianism has equated humor with intellectual shallowness and social informality. Third, the Chinese tend to believe that humor is important, but only for professional entertainers with exclusive expertise and special talent. West versus East. There is definitely a difference in how the West and the East view humor. Western psychologists argue that humor and laughter enhance human health. Also Westerners tend to regard humor as a core trait of self-actualization and an essential characteristic of creativity. To appreciate humor as an educational tool, it is important to understand the benefits of using humor in the classroom. During her research on learning and humor, educator researcher Mary Kay Morse and looked at brain scans that showed high levels of activity in multiple areas of the brain when humor was used for conversation and instruction. We're finding humor actually lights up more of the brain than many other functions in a classroom, says Morrison, author of Using Humor to Maximize Learning. Smiling and laughter are considered emotional acts that suggest an underlying emotion is being utilized. Emotions are suggested to be strongly connected with memory and are a critical component of the learning process. Sylvester creates a connection between positive emotions and learning, suggesting that in between emotions and learning is attention. Thus emotions affect learning by causing one to be more attentive, with the result that a more attentive person will be in a much better place to learn. Teachers can use humor to help students think critically and creatively by toying with the concept humorously, thus pulling students in through the use of humor. A growing body of research suggests that when used effectively, classroom comedy can improve student performance by reducing anxiety, increasing participation, and increasing students' motivation to focus on the material. Moreover the benefits might not be limited to students. Research suggests that students rate professors who make learning fun significantly higher than others. When we make our classrooms places where laughter, smiles, and happiness are encouraged, it lowers the effective filter, making it possible for students to learn to the best of their ability. How humor influences teaching and learning? Humor can improve teacher-student relationships and create a more favorable learning environment. One of the effects of appropriate humor in the classroom is the building of social skills among the students. The nature of humor is such that it breaks down barriers between teachers and their students, affording a better opportunity for bonding among students, and because students would likely appreciate the teacher more, they would be more interested in the topics being taught. Stombor found that the connection established between the instructor and the student was key to effective teaching. He also reported that effective college teachers were most often described as enthusiastic, and a strong sense of humor plays a major role in developing a positive learning environment. Garner suggests that teaching effectiveness is enhanced by the use of appropriate humor that fosters mutual respect, and humor increases student receptivity to material by reducing anxiety and dealing with difficult material, and has a positive effect on test performance. Not only is humor beneficial for the student, it's crucial for keeping the teacher positive over the year. Teaching is not an easy profession, despite what some think teachers don't just play with kids all day. A sense of humor is essential for teachers to continue to teach well and to love teaching. It also prevents burnout, reduces stress, and helps build friendships with the other teachers. Unfortunately some educators believe their role or their topic is too serious to engage humor, or view humor as merely a disruption. However the use of appropriate humor has been shown to enhance the learning environment, and has a significantly positive impact on retention of educational materials in a real-world academic setting. Do you want to teach English abroad? Take a TEFL course today. Let me preface my conclusion by saying, while humor creates a good learning experience, the caveat is that it should be used in moderation and not at the expense of learning. The focus of the class is not to be humorous, but to add an element of fun to a rather boring lesson. In this paper, I suggest that there are at least 5 good reasons for a teacher to incorporate humor into the classroom. It keeps the students engaged, it shows the students that you are a person too, it helps create community in the classroom, it is a component of memory and enhances learning, and it lightens the mood when things feel too hard. The benefits of humor and having fun has proven to be an important aspect of teaching and affects learning. As the demand for learning English becomes a necessity for countries around the world, and the influence of Western philosophy continues to spread, hopefully the value of humor in the classroom will be recognized within the Asian culture in the future. For the student the ha-ha of humor in the classroom may indeed contribute to the a-ha of learning. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here, and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Dennis Day is brought to you by Colgate Dental Cream and Luster Cream Shampoo. Colgate Dental Cream is Luster Cream Shampoo for soft, glamorous, dream girl hair. The Dennis Day Show with Barbara Eiler, B. Benadera, Dink Trout, John Brown, Charles Danton, the orchestra, and yours truly, Vern Smith, is written by Frank Galen and stars our popular young singer in A Day in the Life of Dennis Day. Here's Dennis to sing Who Put That Dream in Your Eyes. Clean your breath while it cleans your teeth. No other toothpaste does a better job of cleaning teeth than Colgate Dental Cream. For Colgate Dental Cream has a safe polishing agent that cleans your teeth both gently and thoroughly. Brings out their natural sparkle and beauty. You can actually see and feel the difference.  It's proved conclusively that in 7 out of 10 cases, Colgate's instantly stops unpleasing breath that originates in the mouth. Colgate Dental Cream is famous for its wonderful wake-up flavor too. Nationwide tests of leading toothpaste prove that Colgate's is preferred for flavor over every other brand tested. Yes, preferred over every other brand tested. And no wonder, for Colgate Dental Cream is the result of constant effort to produce the finest toothpaste in the world today. For cleaning teeth, for flavor, for sweetening breath. So see if you don't agree with the millions who have made Colgate Dental Cream America's favorite toothpaste. Try Colgate Dental Cream to bring out the natural sparkle and beauty of your teeth. For a wake-up flavor you'll thoroughly enjoy.  The secret that with the cost of living what it is these days, many of us are beginning to feel a pinch. But on the salary our young hero makes at Willoughby's store, he's almost completely black and blue. It's no wonder then that for months he's been looking for a job in his spare time in addition to the one he already holds. The wonder is that he seems finally to have found something. And flushed with excitement, he's just telling his girlfriend Mildred all about it, only to have his joy cooled perceptibly at her none too enthusiastic reception of the news. Well gee whiz Mildred, is that all you're gonna say? I thought you'd be thrilled. Well, maybe I should be Dennis, but you see, you know so little about radio and... But there's big money in radio Mildred. You take a fella like Jack Benny. I'll bet he makes upwards of $100 a week. Yes, of course he does. And that's for himself after he pays all his employees.  Benny's an actor Dennis, a star. And you're just gonna sell time for a local radio station. Sure, and I'll make a fortune, because every merchant in Weaverville would jump at the chance to sponsor a brand new idea for a radio program. And that's just what I've got. Well you really have? On just a regular serial like today's children octave, you know. About a department store detective? No, I don't. Sure you do. It's called David's something or other, a counter spy. Yes, I know what you mean. Well, then I got a better idea. Put on a serial, sure. But face it on someone who lives right here in Weaverville. And the first person I thought of was you. Me? Sure. I even had the title. Just plain old Mildred Anderson, girl female. And then I realized I'd have to bring in this home, the relationship between your mother and father. So I threw it out. Why? Why? And then I thought of my boss. What about a serial I asked myself called Mr. Willoughby Faces Life? Well, that doesn't sound too bad. No, I decided it wouldn't work. Life would get all the sympathy. Oh, I see. And then like a ton of bricks had hit me. Why just one Weaverville character? Why not a serial based on everyone in town? You, me, Mr. Willoughby, Mr. Courtney, the banker, that old gossip, Mrs. Dolan, the butcher, the baker, everyone. Oh, golly. What an idea. I couldn't believe I had thought of it. I went right over to the mirror and kissed myself. Isn't it wonderful, Mildred? Well, yes, yes, I guess it is. Why, girl, what is it? Have you no confidence in me? Oh, yes, of course I have. Deep down inside. Then let's stretch a little, shall we? Yes, it's just that, well, you're going to have to sell this thing to put it across, and every time you've tried to sell anything in the past. Oh, you're looking at a new man, girl. I judge if there is.  Be a chump by Arthur Amquist. Oh, you're sure that Arthur Amquist really knows something about salesmanship? I'll say. He sold me the book. Well, what does he say about selling? Well, he says that the whole secret is in friendliness. A salesman's got to make other people as equal. Oh, I guess you can do that. Sure, but it'll be quite a come-down for most of my customers. Oh, nonsense. Well, anyway, the idea is to be a hail fellow well-met. Call the prospect kiddo, or buster, or sunny boy, or junior, or some name like that. He says it works every time. And you think he's right? Sure. This fellow knows what he's doing. Oh, wait a minute.  Watch, I bet I even get a friendly smile from her. Well, that's the test, all right. I'll... Good morning, mother. Good morning, Mildred, Dennis. Will you stay, buster? Buster? Oh, pardon me. Wrong sex. What I meant was, how's it, kiddo? Oh, just a friendly pat on the back. That's all. It's my talent. I understand each other. Don't we, kiddo? If I thought we did, I'd be on my way to a psychiatrist this minute. Oh, I chum. That's no way to... Don't you chum me, Dennis Day. And if you ever lay a hand on me again, I'll... I'll... And I'll bet they'll quit me. Gee, that didn't work out as well as I expected. Are you going to give it up? Well, it's merchants. I got to get my foot in the door with that radio. I just hope now that I don't come home with my whole leg in a cast. And so off our hero goes to the store, hoping to take the town by storm with his new radio program. But a storm is already brewing down at Willoughby's, a storm of an entirely different nature. We find Dennis's boss engaged in a most serious discussion with Herbert Anderson. But good heavens, Herb. Don't you realize what could happen if those minutes of our large meeting got into the wrong hand? Yes, of course I do, Homer. I look everywhere. I just can't find them. Well, you've got to find them. If it ever gets out that we've had entertainers like that... that Flossie, what was her name? Flossie LaFleur, the flame of our moor. Here. When she poses, no one dozes. Find stuff for our wives to read. I tell you, if those large minutes aren't recovered, there isn't a bald eagle who will ever fly again. But it was only harmless fun. You think our wives don't believe that? All they have to know is that we had Flossie LaFleur and her 12 little pepper pots entertained. Six little pepper pots, Homer. Oh, really? I thought there were 12. I know. That was the night you were the wine steward. Herbert, you didn't... That book doesn't tell about the imitation Flossie did of Al Jolton, does it? I'm afraid it does. Five whole lured pages of it. Oh, no. I even wrote how she sang, Climb upon my knees, sunny boy, and you did your best, too. Oh, Herbert. I wasn't the only one. The entire lodge wanted to be sunny boy. I know. Yeah, what about you? When she sang, How I love you, how I love you, didn't you put a glass of water on your head and claim you were the dear old swanee? I was full of the old meds that night. We'd better find that book, Homer. I'm going home and have another look. Yes, you do that. And if you don't find it, I'll have the large hospital fund standing by for disbursements. Oh, hi, Mr. Anderson. What are you doing down here? Just a little business with your boss, Dennis. I'll see you later, Homer. Well, Dennis... What do you know? Will it be old pal, old chum, old sock? How's my old pally pal? Dennis, I don't feel so well today. Oh, don't worry, I'll cheer you up. Have I got a proposition for you, sunny boy? What was that? I say, if I got a proposition...  Sunny boy. I see. You got that out of a book, huh? A certain book. As a matter of fact, I did. Yeah. Sit down, Dennis. Oh, sure. Gee, thanks pal. Okay, what's the proposition? Well, I got a great idea for a radio program, kiddo. Oh, Mammy, is this a nice idea? Please! It's a brand new type of show, all about the lives of certain people right here in Weaverville. Can you imagine the effect of a broadcast like that coming right into your own home? Then why not be one of my sponsors? It'll only cost you $50, old pal, old chum. Here's the $50. But just let me point out the advantages. Big pardon? I said here's your $50. Bless you, PS9, for teaching me how to read. I, on the other hand, detest PS9. Huh? However, consider me sign, sealed, and delivered. Oh, great. Now, let's see, there ought to be some other good prospects in town for a thing like this, don't you think?  Well, how about Mr. Courtney the banker? Of course, the bank has never advertised before. It will now. Gee, you've got as much faith in my salesmanship as I have. Well, so long. Keep your chin up, sonny boy. Ah, here he is now. Hiya, Courtney, old kid, old pal. Hey. Aren't you Willoughby's boy? Yep. Just telling your secretary here I wanted to see you, Pally. I have no time now. I'm on my way to lunch. Respect. Goodbye. Well, you all be sorry if you don't listen to what I have to say, sonny boy. What was that? Gosh, what a broad jump. Never mind that. Did, did, did you just call me sonny boy? Yes, a little thing I read in a book. Let's step into my office where we can talk and bra. Gee, every boy should be given a copy of that thing when he graduates from college. All right, Dave, what have you got in mind? Well, I've got an idea for a radio broadcast, pal, and it's a beauty. I see. Let me show you the advantages of sponsoring it. Don't bother. I think I can see them all. You mean I've talked you into it already? Naturally. Boy, am I a persuasive little cut. Here's $50 in cash. Will that be satisfactory? Sure thing. This just shows what can be done when you've got a good product. If I had a product like yours, I'd close the bank and retire. Well, I always knew I'd make a good salesman. So long. And thanks, sonny boy. Boy, oh boy, Mildred, I'm telling you, you never saw anything like it. What a book that is. Oh, Dad, it's just too marvelous. You actually collected $100 in cash? In lettuce. Nice, cool, green, root of evil. Oh, golly, just by being friendly. Yep, just by doing what the book says. Palling and kiddowing people. Although I must admit, that sonny boy has been by far my best seller. Oh, Dennis, now you can put on your radio program. Sure. I've already gone down to the radio station and bought the time with their money. Oh, golly, it's just... Hi, Dennis, look. There's Mr. Courtney and Mr. Willoughby at the door. Well, well, my business associates. Hey, maybe you better wait in the den, Mildred. We're big men and this may be a pretty big deal. All right, Dennis, good luck. Well, come in, gentlemen, come right in. We want to talk to you, Dave. Right this minute. Well, sure. But why so serious, pal? Chums? Kittos? Honey boys? Ah, the old ice breaker. Sit down, fosters. Dave, I'll come right to the point. We've come over to make a deal with you. How about $200 in cash? You mean you want to give me more money without my even asking for it? Exactly.  We want that book, Dave. Book? You don't mean the one I got that sunny boy stuff out of? You know that's what we mean. Oh, I couldn't part with that. It's my stepping stone to success. So, playing it cagey, huh? Well, we'll see about that. All right.  A good reason salary, Homer will give it to you, won't you, Homer? Certainly. Does that satisfy you? Well... Maybe you'd like to change in jobs. There's one waiting for you in my bank. How about it? Well... Or perhaps you'd be interested in public office. The Board Eagles will get behind you for city council. Well... Oh, Mayor, how would you like to be Mayor? Come, come, boy. Why don't you speak up? You think I'm crazy? I'm doing great with wealth. You can see that we're desperate. Now, do we get that book? Gee, I guess you do. I couldn't do it. Well, my gracious, what in the world's going on here? Her bad troubles are over. We've got the book. Well, of course. Didn't you get my message? I found it. What? Sure. It had slid down back to the seat, cushioning in the car. Now, about this city council job... Drop dead! Why, chums, sunny boys, buddies... Quiet, you! My goodness, has our buddy ship cooled? I'll say it has. And I'll thank you for that $50 I gave you. Yeah, mind you. But, kiddos, I already gave the whole $100 to the radio station. Then get it back. But I can't. Radio stations have very high principles, and not giving money back is one of their highest. Dennis, we want that money. I think I better get out of here. Jay, neither we get that money. You'll spend the rest of your life in jail. Gentlemen, please. You're biting the hand that's raised to leave the room. I think you understand us, Dennis. Come on, fellas, let's get that book right now and burn it. I'll say. Come on, her. Hey, but palsies... Gee, what a life to live. Sometimes I wish I'd never gotten over the measles. Oh, Dennis, I heard it all. I just... Stay away from me, girl. I'm jailbait. But you aren't. All you did was agree to put on a radio show. If you do that, they can't do anything to you. But all that's paid for at the time. How can I put on a radio program without actors? Actors want money. They eat just like people. You and I could be the actors, Dennis. Huh? Well, what kind of a show has only two actors? Did you ever hear one of those breakfast programs? You know, where the husband and wife chat over the breakfast table? Oh, yeah, with their mouths full. But that kind of show would have to come from this house, and what would your mother say? Mother and daddy will still be asleep at that hour. They don't have to know anything about it. Gee, Mildred, I don't know. Dennis, it's our only chance. Besides, maybe we'll be a big success. We can even mention some products on the program in hopes of attracting sponsors. Gosh, it might work at that. Of course it might, and it's simple. We just act like any married couple at breakfast. Yeah. I hope the rustling of the morning paper and the grunts come over clearly. Now, don't get nervous, Dennis. We go on the air as soon as the light flashes. You better clear your throat. Gee, I don't think I can. My heart's in it. I thought sure those engineers would wake your mother up with a hammering when they put in those cables. Gee, Mildred, besides, we don't even know what we're going to say. We haven't rehearsed yet. Well, just let me lead the conversation. All you have to do is help make the audience think we're actually at the breakfast table. Okay. I'll chew like anything. Oh, no. Just ask me to pass things.  You mean I should beg you for an egg? Dennis, use your imagination and make them think we're eating a wonderful breakfast. Oh, my gosh. There's the light. Go ahead. Good morning, friends. This is just plain charming Dennis and Mildred coming to you from their lovely breakfast table, which is the same as their lovely lunch table. Only sooner. Good morning, Mildred, darling. Sleep well. Oh, I always sleep well on our dream-time mattress, dear. And you? I tossed and turned all night. Couldn't sleep a wink. Oh, no, Dennis.  The dream-time mattress is built with a special inner spring. Maybe that's what kept sticking in my back. Don't you remember?  Cigarette, dear? Thank you, ma'am. At market, I say, at market after market, I've seen the buyers of this brand. This Mildred brand, and every one of them is a man or a woman. Dennis, I think maybe we'd better eat our breakfast, dear. Certainly, darling. Would you mind passing the wild pheasant, please? Why, uh, yeah, but here are some delicious scrambled eggs. Oh, no, thanks. Just a little pheasant and a few frog's legs will do me fine. Well, just as you say. Uh, did you stop in and see Francis and Jean on the way downstairs this morning? Why, no. Are they visiting us again? Children, darling. Then they hear permanently, no doubt. I'm glad, because Francis and Jean certainly are cute little boys. Yes. Good. Jean did the dentist yesterday, you know. Oh, uh, something to do with his teeth? Yes. Good for you. There's nobody I'd rather have fixed my teeth than a dentist. But where was Francis while you were out with Jean? Well, he was with my parents. Ah, yes, the dear sweet old things. Your mother's just grandmille. Ah, and she certainly thinks the world of you. Yes, she worships the ground I walk on. I often think that... What silly imbecile was doing the hammering just now? You, Dennis A. Well, well, isn't that delightful old lady Mildred's mother? What's that? Uh, sit down. Sit right down, mommy, and shush. Shush? I'll shush you. Who do you think you're talking to? Oh, mother, please. Yes, mommy, dear. If we ever needed a shush now... Dennis, Dave... You might wake Francis. Francis? Who's Francis? Oh, I, uh, I forgot. It's a family secret. Who is this Francis? Well, he's, uh, he's your grandson. My grandson?  I have no grandson, and you know it. Uh, and if I find out which one of you just kicked me under the table, I'll beat the life out of Dennis. Have a cup of coffee, won't you? Yeah, and a nice slice of pheasant. Help yourself, mommy.  There's nothing on this table except... Wait a minute. What is this thing with the wires attached? What? Why, it's a microphone. Yeah. See now why shush? Do you mean that everything we've said has gone out over the air? Oh, don't worry, I'm sure we were fated long ago. Dennis, say you... You... Goodbye, everybody.  Goodbye. And in the orchestra, here's Dennis to sing the beautiful ballad, How lucky you are. Okay, Tom Olipeet Company. Luster cream shampoo leaves hair with new three-way loveliness. One, fragrantly clean. Two, glistening with sheen. Three, soft, easy to manage. Luster cream is not a soap, not a liquid, but an utterly new, rich, lathering cream shampoo. A blend of secret ingredients plus lanolin. Try luster cream shampoo. Four ounce jar, only $1. At all cosmetic counters. Also in smaller sizes. Be a dream girl. A lovely luster cream girl. Dream girl. Beautiful luster cream girl. You owe your crowning glory. This is Bern Smith reminding you to join us again next week for another Dennis Day Show.  Ladies and gentlemen, if infantile paralysis should strike your child, it would take more than luck to save him from the life of a cripple. Only the best medical care can help your youngster. Your contribution to the March of Dimes enables the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis to guarantee all the medical treatment possible to help restore polio victims to healthy, active lives. That's why it's important to give generously to the March of Dimes. That's why it's important to give now. Good night.