Welcome to Stan Energy Man on Think Tech Hawaii. I'm host Stan Osserman and our show today will be called What Hawaii's Grid Will Look Like in 2046. So for all of you that don't don't do the math, that's the year after we're supposed to be 100% fossil-free on the grid. And before we get into the rest here I'd like to actually go back to last week and thank everybody that participated in the Verge conference at the Hilton Hawaiian Village, the state energy office, and all the sponsors that put on that great event. It was the first time we had a hydrogen panel, and the hydrogen panel, the members on there, Abaskadarzi, Steve Samanski from Potan on site, and our own director of transportation for Fujikami were on there with myself and a moderator, and it went really well. I only expected a handful of people in the room and we actually packed the room. So it was a great event and the first time that hydrogen got on the agenda. So thanks to all who participated, especially the folks that came to the hydrogen breakout. So we're going to take a trip into the future. That's right. We're going to do time travel here on Think Tech, Kauai, and we're going to see how our Oahu landscape is going to be paved over with PV. Will you really not be able to throw a dead cat within the city limits without hitting a wind turbine? Will you take a cyber attack? Well, take a cyber attack for us to pick up the pace on creating a survivable grid design. Will we still be breathing poison from internal combustion engines, or will we charge our mini Cooper Teslas at work tax-free, no less, as part of our employee compensation package? My guests and I will answer all of these questions and possibly even a few more because I've finally broken the code on how to see the future. So let me explain. The world can be divided up into three basic types of thinkers. You have your left brainers, then you have your right brainers, and finally you have your confused and conflicted brainers.  The left brainers are linear thinkers. They tend to be great organizers, planners, and able to sort complex ideas and solve difficult problems. The typical left brainers are your scientists and your engineers and your efficiency experts. Your typical right brainers are more abstract thinkers. They're the creative types, the artists, the inventors, the ones who don't feel constrained by static rules or boundaries. As for the conflicted brainers, they're the fastest-growing group in the western hemisphere and western society in general. And by the way, they're characterized by a strong desire to follow the rules and logic, but can also quickly point out why the rules do not apply to them personally. And so in that way, it makes them absolutely no sense to anyone. They're just totally confused. And this group includes inexpensive lawyers, most politicians, as well as modern news media executives and personalities. And all this discussion about lefties and righties leads us to why I have discovered how we can see into the future. I have eliminated all aspects of conflicted brain thinkers and brought together just the pure lefty and pure righty to solve the complex tasks of painting the logical picture for the future. I, your humble host, represent the righties. I'm fully accredited by BFA in design from the University of Hawaii and a master of arts in international relations from the University of Oklahoma.  I don't do taxes by myself. And the third most used app on my phone is a calculator. My special guest today, balancing my obvious shortcomings, is Mr. Ryan Wubbins, who's a linear academic. Credentials are, they're just legend. We don't even need to talk about him. He's also so far left that governments don't let him drive in the UK or any other country that drives on the opposite side of the road is the US. And he's so logical, he can short circuit my attention span in nanoseconds.  And together, we're going to unfold the untold secrets of Hawaii's fossil free future. Mr. Wubbins, thanks for joining us again here on Think Tech. And good to have you on board, helping make good on my threat to bring the regular people into track with the 21st century here. Welcome aboard. Thanks, Dan. So what do you think it's going to look like in 2046 when Hawaii is totally fossil free? We meet the 100% renewable goal in 2045. It's not going to look like today. That I think is the easy answer. I think you could even pull that off of your side of the table. But it's definitely going to change. To give an idea of how much it's going to change. We also want to make sure we're kind of talking about how. Complex the grid is today. So changing something in such a dramatic manner is is not just a bunch of plugging in more solar wherever we can throw up a couple more wind turbines. It's it's just so much greater than that. The grid today is probably one of the most technologically advanced machines in the last century that we have and that's even counting the iPhone if we want to put that in the in the picture, which is I think 10 years old right now. That's right. So we're talking 2045. We're talking. We're talking like iPhone 24 is when we're gonna, if you want to do the iPhone, probably can cook on your iPhone. I think that's what it'll do. It'll tie your shoes if you set it down on your foot at that time. So the grid today is extremely complex. It's a market that has to happen instantaneously. It's a market so different from anything else where you might make something set it on a shelf and wait for somebody to buy it. If you want to consume power immediately, you flip on your light switch, you're actually receiving and purchasing something that was produced instantaneously. It comes to you the moment that you turn on that light switch. Nothing like no other market operates like that right now, which is incredibly just complex in its own nature where we're we're sending and receiving power. So we're really complex today. So when we talk 2045, we're talking in order of magnitude of complexity, but we do have technologies that are going to help us get there. What is it going to look like to go completely renewable at 2046? You're going to be taking energy from anywhere that you can get it. If you can put solar on your rooftop, you're going you're going to put it there. If you can convince the local neighborhoods that wind is going to be a good application in a certain place, you want to start taking capturing and using that energy. I don't know the stat on how far you can throw cats to find out if you're always going to hit solar when it comes to wind turbine, but we could look into we could look into that stat another time. People are sensitive about dead cats and whites. And we need to take that into account. Okay, so that first time maybe we we could probably pencil in some some fear. Yeah, just get an idea what I'll work on that with my calculator. Okay. So we're going to use as much as produce as much energy as we can because we're trying to replace the current non renewable assets that that we use to produce energy. It's not just wind and solar. There's just not enough space to to produce that power. You're going to on a lot. I mean, we can't even park in most places, because it's just way too constrained. And it's going to continue in that path. We're not going to add land to the island. We probably will be adding power requirements. So yeah, yeah, power requirements will will generally go up, even though our constraints will will stay the same as far as the land. Load consumption over time becomes more efficient. At the same time, our HVACs get get more efficient. We just get better at using our power. But at the same time, we increase our demand in what we want to use, like the iPhone. You know, how many years ago, we didn't have cell phones that were charging. That's a small load, but vehicles are one way that that may add to our overall load. As far as producing power, renewable power and what that's going to look like, it's a lot of solar and a lot of wind, but we won't get there with just that. So it's going to be increasing the technologies that we do use today with with biomass and geothermal really capturing as much as we can from those and then seeking other places where energy is produced and maybe not used to its fullest yet. Today, it might not sound like it's an economically sound decision. But to get to that to get to that 100% line, it may be considered at that point. So maybe there's some use of older technologies that we've ruled out that actually we need to get back in and start reengineering because they weren't financially then something like using ocean thermal to refocus our efforts and bring that back into engineering that to be economically viable. So it is a complex picture of a lot of different resources.  We have a lot of shortcomings on what what solar is capable and what it's not. Let's let's talk a little bit about what physical changes would probably happen in the grid. Are we looking at more dispatchable power islanding rather than one big massive grid or are we looking at HECO probably trying to simplify their their problem set or their complexity by by taking communities and islanding in them them to make them easier to control with all this intermittent renewable? Is that do you think that's what it's going to look like? Or are we still going to have just one big massive connected grid that HECO is going to have to try and balance with all this really fluctuating power? That's a good question. It's more likely going to be distributed. Mostly based on the idea that it's not easy to drop down one large centralized power plant that is just the mega renewable plant. If you considered nuclear, then we can change our decision or our talk on what's going to be there. So considering the large scale technologies today that would take to get to 2045, we're not going to just drop down a huge geothermal plant on Big Island that we don't even have the capabilities today to send it over to Oahu for consumption. So you're going to be distributed because you're going to want to take you want to take advantage of the space that you have. HECO would likely be be helping communities be their own island or microgrid or community solar is something they're actively working on right now. Absolutely. And the communities will help basically build that that infrastructure and with the technological advantages with HECO they can help manage and support that project. You'll see that happen on in a lot of different places with that. Again, we'll go back to the complexity where we are today. You can't just pop up all this generation around because we're not, we're not built for that today on the grid. It's built for a little bit more centralized power that goes out and down.  And if something fails on one side, you are going to actually move power. Maybe it's the direction it's going today. Maybe it's the opposite direction it's going today. It'll be distributed and the calculations that we have to do to make that happen, we can do it. What do you think are going to be the implications of, you talked about the complexities of moving instantly like what they call it just in time supply of electricity. That's going to depend more on sophisticated switchgear breakers and maybe even transformers and inverters and things. And those are probably going to be driven with computers and such. Does that make us more vulnerable in a lot of ways? Or is that just one of the things we have to build into the equation? The safety and cyber protection aspects of a grid have to have to account for more complex switching equipment and things like that. Yeah, absolutely. So it's a bit of a double edged sword. We gain a lot of capabilities and with those capabilities we're able to be smarter and more efficient with the power used and where and how we're distributing the power. When we add those capabilities, that cyber attacks just waiting there to go in there and change those capabilities. Not for better but for worse. I just read an article before getting here about guys going in having a white hat attack on wind farms that were built years ago. They just go in plug in a little computer for 40 bucks and go in and start doing an attack on that system alone. And that's that's a system that we consider not dumb but less capable. It's it's more of an isolated system. We're talking about adding a large magnitude of control and oversight over the grid. So it will absolutely be there as a cyber threat. So we have to be smart on the technologies we use and put in. But then we also have to be smart about how we use them. So some of the other advantages of we talk about islanding and distributed generation and things are you don't have a line loss when you're pushing power just from one station all the way out into your network, you know, in one direction. How about spending reserves in communities? Would they be more predictable? And therefore, maybe you could instead of spending a lot, you only spend big reserves in high industrial areas and residential areas, you could spend a lot less because there aren't the big fluctuations. Or when you have that much renewables that you're just gonna have to spend a lot or have some other store and things like that. Sure, spinning reserves is needed for a couple reasons. And can we reduce the spinning reserves? I think is one part of your question. And then where would those be is is another part. spinning reserves, we do like for a couple reasons. One we're ready to to pick up when solar drops off. Now spinning reserves I should clarify is not does not mean fossil fuel. It could be five wheels. It could mean five wheels. It could be it could be renewable. It could be a bio diesel. It could be basically are the the biomass burning. Right now it produces a steam and that's a rotating machine. So we consider that a spinning asset. The nice thing about spinning assets, they're very good at frequency control. So they're gonna control the sine waves right at where we need them to be. It also is going to give us a amount of short circuit that can shell out a lot of current if we need to clear for a fault. Those technologies might change as we go to 2045 on how we're detecting and clearing faults. But spinning assets will still be a vital part of the overall grid power quality. Okay, when you island a community and a community wants to say, hey, I'm, I'm producing my own power. I mean, you're helping me set it up and and you're helping me distribute it between players. But if there is an outage, whether let's call it weather related maybe or a car crash takes out a powerful that community may be in a position where they want to say we are generating our own power. Can we use it? And so now we add in that islanding capability. At that point, they may need maybe not necessarily a spinning reserve. It'd be it'd be helpful in many cases, but they need something to help them with their power quality and really their power coordination. Okay, a spinning reserve might be the answer for that. energy storage can can support that. We're gonna, we're gonna take a quick break here. Because I think my hand's gonna explode. And we'll be back in 60 seconds with Ryan and maybe we'll talk batteries and stuff. I'm Richard Concepcion, the host of Hispanic Hawaii. You can watch my show every other Tuesday at 2 p.m. We will bring you entertainment, educational, and also we tell you what is happening right here within our community. Think tech Hawaii Aloha. Hey, welcome back to my lunch hour stand energy man here with Ryan women's from burdensome McDonald, a big engineering company that does big things with electricity, which is why he's here to explain all that stuff because I don't get it. Anyway, we were talking about what the future is going to look like in 2046. After we're we're all renewables here on Oahu and throughout the state. And we we kind of were touching on spinning reserves and some of the some of the things that he go has to deal with to make sure they're always covering with good clean power. And we started to get into what spinning reserves a discussion of batteries and energy storage. So what does the battery look like in 2046? Are we really going to make the kind of technological leaps we need to have cool safe battery storage at that time and what will it look like? Sure. A battery today. When we say battery, we always are constantly thinking like that lithium ion battery that's on on your battery or maybe the battery that's sitting in your car. The chemical process there gives us a very quick electrical power that we can consume. There's other types of batteries and other ways we can talk about let's focus just on that lithium ion type of battery right now. In 2045, we will end up using using some of these batteries as an energy storage. There's there's a lot of technical positives for using these batteries. I do want to say they're not necessarily needed. But there is a there is a political push to add energy storage onto our grids for energy security that that can be a great need. And we can start to justify some of our energy storage for that. So what does that look like in 2045? I think it is a basically more of a high tech version of what we're doing right now. It's a little bit safer from a fire protection standpoint and maybe a little bit more capable on the output and the amount of storage we can put within a square footage. We start to distribute these assets around the grid to support a little bit more of the islanding activities. Well, let's let's say if we we need a some fixed number of storage and we'll just call it 100%. What percentage do you envision as mechanical like flywheels and things and what percentage battery and maybe what percentage other gas storage compressed gas hydrogen, whatever, and then maybe some biodiesel or whatever some other mechanical. What what does that storage pie look like in terms of percents? Do you think I know I'm kind of asking you to really lean forward that left brain ears and stretch out there but that one's a big one. I mean, is there like a sweet spot for batteries in that in that mix that you see where they're gonna have to be at least this much and maybe the rest of it can just be spread out. It's absolutely going to be diversified that I consider now that the battery market you're not going to see 100% battery storage where if we're talking energy storage we might as well just say battery. It's not going to be a one for one it's going to be a diversification of the asset. It's the same diversification of generation asset that we have today where we we might be operating on coal we might be operating on wind we might be supporting with solar that diversification is important for the power quality and really the overall sustainability of the grid a certain weather attack here may affect the wind turbines but not affect the solar might affect one power plant but not the other. So the same question gets applied to storage I can tell you it's not 100% battery it becomes that diversification and really economics will start to divide that portfolio but you will see that all the way across from your traditional say traditional because it won't be traditional in 2045 but you will have your your battery storage then you're going to have to start with fuel storage as well if it's if it's a different type of maybe it's a synthetic gas that that we're able to produce renewable wise maybe it's a type of hydrogen product maybe it's actually in the form of ammonia and maybe that ammonia isn't even maybe it's built here on the island but maybe it's it's brought in from from other places but that energy storage will be diversified across different different types of products. You mentioned ammonia now we can start talking about maybe even into our new agriculture system which we're we haven't really talked much about energy and agriculture but if we're going to have biofuels and we're going to do maybe even more steam reforming from hydrogen from methane sort of natural methane's like out of out of digesters and things like that we're not just going to grow crops for fuel we may grow some for fuel but we're going to have a lot of byproducts from crops that could be used as fuel generation what are some of the options of as we start producing our own nitrogen you know as we refine and and make some of these making ammonia for making our own fertilizers and things like that I mean I know you're an electrical engineer not a chemical engineer but you know you're smarter than me so I mean there's kind of like a symbiotic relationship between as we start to morph the grid there are other sectors of our of our economy and and our business and our environment that start to overlap like just a simple one is that we're electrolyzing water into hydrogen we've got pure oxygen medical grade oxygen that we can we can provide to them to the hospitals and welders and things like that so are there similar things that you see when you start talking chemical storage of energy that you can see kind of filtering out into agriculture or other industrial processes yeah and it's it's hard to really right now kind of get an idea of where those might flow out but what you what we do know is that as we approach 2045 2046 by such a large shift in how we operate the grid and what energy we're using the markets around will start to change because of we're going for an overall more efficient use of energy as a whole if we're able to produce more ammonia on island let's say it there will be a market that will start to develop for use for that maybe it's even an exporting which would be a good thing for the on as well to help selling resources instead of buying it at all long time. Oxygen is a is another example that we start to produce a high level of oxygen if we're electrolyzing hydrogen that at such large scales you you allow yourself into a market that is not here today or industries you open yourself to new industries. Absolutely I think we also start to rethink just any place we have energy right now if you go to a water treatment plant you may start to think okay this is how we're handling the sludge today but can we reprocess that and actually recapture as a renewable energy and use that as well we break it down further and really apply any technology we have at any research any piece of energy will be consumed and basically purchase installed. In the end it gets us a lot more efficient which is what we're looking to do to support that 2045. Well the average consumer have to become a little bit more we'd say in Hawaii Akamai are smart on on energy things in their house in other words like right now all we think about is turn on switch the powers on turn on the stove the stove's on I mean what are you kicks on by itself we don't have to really think about it HECO takes care of everything else is are we going to still be able to do that or do you see people kind of having a more independent like being able to go as a single family house off the grid and understand how their systems work at least at a basic level or do you see HECO still maintaining that role as kind of the major designer and builder of all things electric. I think HECO will definitely be there that's where the real capability and knowledge is going to be at basically at any given time they're going to be that great support system even if you do start to become a little more individualized even if we become smarter on our own systems but 2045 being iPhone 24 I'm sure I don't even know how to operate iPhone 9 so the younger generations the younger generations they're going to grow up around this they're going to have a different mindset as far as energy consumption than we do today and I don't know what that's going to be. I think it'll be their culture it'll be natural for them to think when they're using any energy and where that's coming from. Kauai I think just wrapped up a one year experiment if they were to charge 25% less in the midday so that they can help recapture some of that solar production. See what drives people to change when they consume load and there was very little change now two maybe slight reasons for that one we it's hard for you and I on our day to day basis to just move our loads. I think some of your maybe of a dishwasher maybe of a dryer just your lights and your AC can really shift when in the day you're doing those things but the technology may start to change to where it will time up to be a little bit more of a point of use.  Yeah, you are at this time and turn on your dryer automatically at this time and wash your dishes. Yeah and they'll they'll be programming whatever their phone or their glasses who knows what it is at that time to to operate all of that because they're they're gonna have the mindset of I need to start using now that's when my my best time for energy use is. Hopefully that's the case but hard to tell which way but I do know there'll be a cultural mindset for the younger generations on just energy usage. Okay, well we haven't even touched on transportation. I hope we get there because that's gonna have a big impact on our grid or our electrical requirements as I see it. I mean, I'm thinking even if we can find a cleaner fossil fuel or something some fuel replacement, we're still going to be converting a lot of vehicles here in Hawaii into electric vehicles. And that's going to have a big impact overall on our electrical system. So believe it or not, that that's about it for us today, Ryan. And that brings us to the end of our show on a Hawaii's grid in 2046. And we have enjoyed bringing it to you. I'm your host Dan Osserman and our guest has been Mr. Ryan Womans and we've been talking about Hawaii's clean energy future. I'd like to give our thanks to our production engineer Robert McLean, our form manager Cindy Manu Fekai. That's the first time I've tried pronouncing it so forgive me. And all those have contributed to our think tech productions. If you want to see the show again, go to thinktechhawaii.com or to youtube.com slash thinktechhawaii where there will be a link to more shows just like this one. Thanks for watching and we'll see you all next week.


So, let us continue with this discussion of some of the problems on Legendre polynomials and here the slide you see a whole bunch of them and I explained to you how to go about doing some of these things using orthogonality, normalization, Roderick's formula, three term recursion formula these four things are at a disposal. Let us take the first one Pn prime of 1 equal to 1 half of n into n plus 1. Let us use the Roderick's formula to compute this. What is the Roderick's formula again? It is 1 upon 2 to the power n n factorial times nth derivative of x squared minus 1 to the power n and I am differentiating again. So, it is n plus first derivative of x minus 1 to the power n into x plus 1 to the power n as you see displayed in the slide. I had to use the Leibniz rule for the n plus first derivative of a product. So, what is the kth derivative of a product u v? You have to apply the Leibniz rule it is k choose j, j derivative is falling on the first factor k minus j derivative is falling on the second factor sum over j. So, here what happens to this expression when you put x equal to 1 if fewer than n derivatives fall on this then one factor of x minus 1 will survive and that will disappear when you put x equal to 1. If more than n derivatives fall on this factor it will become 0. So, the only way you can get a non-zero term is exactly n derivatives fall on the first factor and exactly one derivative falls on the second factor and the corresponding coefficient is n plus 1 choose 1. If n derivatives fall x minus 1 to the power n is going to become n factorial. One derivative falls on this will be n times x plus 1 to the power n minus 1 you put x equal to 1. What are you going to get? You are going to get 2 to the power n minus 1 and the denominator you got a 2 to the power n and n factorial the n factorial cancels out you get one half of n into n plus 1 and that is how the formula has to be proved. So, here is an application of the Roderick's formula. Now, let us prove an important theorem concerning the interlacing of the zeros of the Legendre functions and this is a very important result. Now, you must compare it with the following result. Suppose I take y double prime plus y equal to 0 you know the solutions are sin x and cos x. The zeros of the sin function and the zeros of the cosine function interlace between two zeros of sin x there is a zero of cos x and vice versa. So, this result is of a similar character a similar genre if you like. So, theorem 59 suppose 0 less than or equal to p less than q and y of x and z of x are respectively solutions of the Legendre equations with parameter p and parameter q. I am excluding the uninteresting solution namely the identically zero solutions. So, I am taking non trivial solutions of the Legendre differential equations with parameter p and parameter q. Now, I am looking at two successive zeros of y x there is at least one zero of z x. How do you think about this in general? Now, you see you could compare y double prime plus y equal to 0 and take the solution sin x or you could look at y double prime plus 9 y equal to 0 sin 3 x which solution oscillates faster. Obviously, sin 3 x oscillates faster than sin x. So, this differential equation has been written in self adjoint form. So, think of this as the analog of the y double prime term in the sin x example and think of this p into p plus 1 as some kind of a frequency. So, I am saying p is less than q. So, the solutions of this differential equation oscillate with a higher frequency. So, you can think of it in this way intuitively if you wish, but the precise mathematical description is stated here between two successive zeros of y x there is a zero of z x. So, let a and b be successive zeros of y x. Remember that we have already shown that the zeros are isolated. The zeros cannot accumulate. It is a second order differential equation and the zeros cannot accumulate. We will prove the more general version later. Here you can see it because y of x and z of x are solutions of an analytic differential equation and they are power series solutions and so the zeros cannot accumulate any way.  We shall imitate the proof of orthogonality of the Legendre polynomials, but this time we shall work on the closed interval a b. Multiply the first equation by z x, the second equation by y x, integrate over a to b and integration by parts. One integration by parts and we must subtract. So, lots of things are going to happen. When you integrate by parts you are going to pick up boundary terms. When you integrate by parts the derivative will shift from one term to the other term. What is that going to be when you multiply the first equation by z x and do a parts then the derivative will shift from this piece to the z x piece. Over here you are multiplying the differential equation by y and when you integrate by part the derivative will shift from here to the y. In both these cases you are going to get the term minus integral from a to b 1 minus x squared y prime x z prime x dx and when I subtract the two results this term will cancel out. That is one thing that is going to happen. Another thing that is going to happen is that I am going to get p into p plus 1 integral from a to b y x z x dx. Here you are going to get integral from a to b q into q plus 1 y x z x dx. When you subtract you are going to get p into p plus 1 minus q into q plus 1 integral from a to b y x z x dx that term is survived and then there will be the boundary terms when I integrate by parts. Unlike the previous case these boundary terms will not all vanish because we are not integrating from minus 1 to 1 we are integrating from a to b. Earlier when we did orthogonality of Legendre polynomials integration was from minus 1 to 1 and this 1 minus x squared was responsible for the vanishing of the boundary term. So, here the boundary terms will survive and these boundary terms have been written out when you integrate by parts. One of these boundary terms has been written in red. Why is it written in red? Because this is the one that is going to cancel out. Why is going to vanish at a and b because a and b are successive zeros of y x. So, this red thing is going to drop out and what is going to remain will be 1 minus b squared z b y prime b minus 1 minus a squared z a y prime a. In the other term that I talked about I have not done anything to it I just written it as it is. Now remember that so far I have not put any conditions on y and z except that a and b are successive zeros of y of x. Now since a and b are successive zeros y does not vanish in between a and b. So, I may assume without loss of generality that y is positive on the open interval a b. In the other case if y is everywhere negative simply work with minus y in place of y nothing will change. So, replacing y by minus y if necessary I may assume that y of x is positive. Now z of x does not vanish in a b that we make an assumption that is we prove it by contradiction and we will try to arrive at a contradiction. We shall assume that z of x is non vanishing in the interval a b. Again replacing z by minus z if necessary I may assume that z of x is always positive on a b and we will arrive at a contradiction. With this z of a is positive z of b is positive y of a is 0 y of b is 0 and y is positive which means the function y is increasing at a because it from 0 it is becoming positive and it is decreasing at b because from positive it has become 0. So, y prime of a must be greater than or equal to 0 and y prime of b must be less than or equal to 0. So, y prime of b is less than or equal to 0 z of b is positive 1 minus b squared is positive y prime of a is non negative. So, this piece is also negative. So, this is negative or 0 this piece is negative or 0 y of x and z of x are both positive in the interval a b.  So, 0 or negative 0 or negative strictly negative and the sum is 0 and that is a contradiction. So, we have proved the theorem. So, this is what I said has been summarized in this slide and here is a little exercise for you. Can it happen that y of x and z of x have a common 0? Please read this proof very carefully and try to rule out a case that y of x and z of x have a common 0. Another important exercise try to prove that if 0 less than or equal to p less than q then between two successive zeros of J p x there is a 0 of J q x. Try to prove a similar result for the Bessel's functions zeros of the Bessel's function. Given a sequence a n of real or complex numbers the generating function is by definition the power series summation n from 0 to infinity a n t to the power n. Now the theorem 60 says summation n from 0 to infinity t to the power n p n x equal to 1 upon root of 1 minus 2 x t plus t squared. That is a generating function for the sequence of Legendre polynomial can be written in closed form. Now this result is extremely important in classical potential theory. For a connection between classical potential theory see for example this book of Ramsey Newtonian attraction Cambridge University Press page 131 and following or page 121 to 134 are the more comprehensive and classic treaties of Oliver Diamond Kellogg foundations of potential theory dover 1953. Both these references are being given the Kellogg's reference is very classical and a very important reference in the potential theory. So we want to prove this theorem 60. So let us complete the proof of this. Remember this must be compared to the generating function for the sequence of Bessel's functions. There are several proofs of this important theorem and we select the one from Courant and Hilbert's monumental treaties methods of mathematical physics volume 1 only a sketch of proof will be provided the details can be worked out easily. Some details will be slightly cumbersome and integral computation for instance. But you can do it exercise 11 in the previous slide tells you that if you take this function 1 minus 2 x t plus t squared. So it is 1 plus some something t squared minus 2 x t that something is small in absolute value. So I can apply the binomial series 1 plus z to the power a can be written as a binomial series. So when you write this as a binomial series that series will converge absolutely when the mod t squared minus 2 x t is less than 1. So the series converges absolutely. You can rearrange the terms in such a way that I can collect the powers of t and I can write this some function v x ts summation n from 0 to infinity r n x t to the power n where r n x is obviously going to be a polynomial of degree exactly n. When you write this expansion using the binomial series you will have to tell me why is this a polynomial of degree exactly n and the series is valid for x between minus 1 and 1 provided mod t is small. In fact, if mod t is less than 0.4 that will be enough for carrying out the analysis. So now let us do the following let us now use the fundamental orthogonality lemma that is going to play a role. So let us first write down the expression for the potential v of x t with two different parameters t equal to u and t equal to v and let us multiply the two series. When you multiply the two series we will get summation j from 0 to infinity summation k from 0 to infinity r j x r k x u to the power j v to the power k. Remember that the Cauchy product of two absolutely convergent series will absolutely converge. So I can assume that mod u is less than 0.4 mod v is less than 0.4 there is no harm in doing that. Now what happens I am going to integrate both sides with respect to x in the range minus 1 1 and I am going to get 1 upon root u v l n 1 plus root u v upon 1 minus root u v that is the tedious part you will have to integrate the left hand side with respect to x remember it is an integral with respect to x is an elementary integral what a tedious integral I am sure you can do it.  Now you will ask how can I take the integration under the summation sign you want uniform convergence remember that term by term integration is perfectly fine if you know that the series converges uniformly my u and the v were restricted to be less than 0.4 in absolute value you can make it even smaller and you can guarantee uniform convergence for all x in the range minus 1 1 and the integration can be taken under the summation sign.   So, the logarithmic series we are going to be used and we are going to get summation n from 0 to infinity 2 times u to the power n v to the power n upon 2n plus 1. So, both sides are double power series in u v. So, compare the coefficients of u to the power j v to the power k on both sides what happens you see in the left hand side the u to the power j v to the power k only appears when j and k are equal. So, we immediately get that integral minus 1 to 1 r j x r k x dx is 0 if j is not equal to k whereas, if j is equal to k integral minus 1 to 1 r j x the whole squared dx is 2 upon 2j plus 1. Lo and behold r j x is a polynomial of degree exactly j. Now, you can apply the fundamental lemma to the sequence r naught x r 1 x r 2 x dot dot dot and we get that r j x will be a multiple of p j x. How is it that I had written that this constant of proportionality is 1 directly the norms of the both these things are 1. Remember that norm p j squared is 2 upon 2j plus 1 we did the norm calculation in the last capsule. So, the constant of proportionality has to be plus 1 or minus 1 you can figure out that it will be 1 by looking at the leading coefficient or something and so, that completes the argument that the Legendre polynomials has generating function 1 upon root 1 minus 2 x t plus t squared because I just expanded this and I found out that the coefficients r and x are exactly the Legendre polynomials p and x. Okay. So, one final comment this function v of x t is a potential due to a point mass p placed at unit distance from the origin at a point x the potential at x which is at a distance of t from the origin and x is the cosine of the angle between O x and O k. So, this has a physical interpretation and I think with this that completes the section on generating functions. Couple of exercises for you and an expansion which is which involves both the Bessel's function and the Legendre polynomials. So, let us call it the Fourier Bessel expansion rather than state the theorems on Fourier Legendre series you can consult this classic books that are cited so far. Here we look at an example which is due to Lord Rayleigh theory of sound volume 2 page 273 e to the power i t x equal to summation n from 0 to infinity 2 n plus 1 i to the power n root pi by 2 t j n plus half t p n x prove an induction first before you embark upon this expansion prove that j n plus half t equal to 1 upon root pi n factorial t by 2 to the power half plus n integral minus 1 to 1 1 minus x square to the power n cos t x dx. How do you prove this? First write down the power series for j p t where p is any non-negative real number for example put p equal to half put p equal to half find out what is j half of t you will get a very familiar looking series a sine series it would not be sine x it will be slight variant thereof and then try to differentiate and check you have the relation between j p prime j p plus 1 and j p minus 1 remember and try to use induction to prove this and this and formally deduce the result of Lord Rayleigh. Now this expansion appears in scattering theory problems on scattering of plane waves by spherical obstacles. I close this capsule here thank you very much.


So I'm Michael Johnson. I'm a principal software engineer at Red Hat and I'm also the project team lead for designate And today I'll be talking about a new feature that we worked on for antelope So it did ship an antelope Called shared zones if you're not familiar with designate. It's the DNS of the service component of OpenStack Let's get started So starting with shared zones, this is like I said new an antelope so 2023.1 Just a little review quickly. So DNS zones and designate they represent part of the DNS hierarchy This is how you add and manage your record sets So for example in the URL, I had it in green example comm is part of that DNS hierarchy that would be represented as a zone in designate each zone is owned by one project in designate and That has been a problem historically and that's why we've implemented shared zones Essentially, it means there is one project that has ownership can add remove record sets Etc. of that zone and create sub zones below it if you wanted to have maybe multiple projects have access to that zone You really couldn't do that historically So if you had like a marketing team that needed access to your top level domain as well as your IT support team That became a problem So why do we need shared zones? There's a couple different use cases here as I mentioned kind of the sharing across different departments that may have a zone that they manage You may delegate sub zones to different departments. So in the second case Delegating marketing engineering Having their own sub zones or finally in the cloud environments You may be allocating zones and domains per product or per customer In that environment and so if one project owned example comm that becomes very problematic As you go down that tree And then finally one of the other cases that becomes a real problem is the pointer record So the reverse domain lookup. So where you look up a IP address expecting to find the server name Those are quite large blocks and again if only one project can own it you get into some interesting issues with delegation there So in antelope, how do you share a zone? So we've created new CLI Commands for this Pretty straightforward open sack zone share create You'll say what zone you're gonna share and then the truck target project ID so You can have as many shares as you want of a zone So it's not just sharing with one project. You can share it with multiple if you have a use case for that The commands with an API is that we've implemented our create delete list and show for the shares And we extended the zone delete command to have a kind of helper function So if you just do a zone delete on a zone that's shared by default It will say sorry you need to get rid of the shares before you delete it But we've added a modifier that lets you say nope I know what I'm doing I'm gonna blow away all the shares when I blow away the zone at the same time You can kind of look at the data model for a zone share record pretty simple and straightforward Somebody's gonna own that zone share and that's typically gonna be the parent zone owner Again, that's the project ID listed there the target project ID is who you're sharing with And you'll have multiple records of like this, you know, if you share with multiple projects And then of course the zone that you're sharing with that other project So let's dig a little bit into What can you do when you have a zone shared with you? So you can obviously see information about that parent zone You're gonna need to know some details that TTL etc You can list all the zones that are shared or visible to you And Then the most important piece is when a zone is shared with you you have control over those record sets in that zone So you can see the other record sets that other people have created or the zone owner Create new ones update delete. You are essentially a co-owner of that zone Things we don't allow At least today we don't allow them to delete the parent zone. Only the zone owner should be able to do that Of course You can't change the zone properties. So you can't modify the TTL or the name servers associated with it that kind of thing You can't share it yourself. So if somebody shares the zone with you, you can't reshare it to other people That would get a little interesting Can't do his own export so dump the whole zone you can't create his own transfer request obviously giving ownership of that zone to somebody else that would Kind of make the parent zone owner a little unhappy And then finally we made this decision and at this point to not allow Folks to create subzones and this is something that may change in the future if people have a need for that or a use case for That I'd recommend you open a bug and let us know kind of what your use case is and how you would like that to look So right now if you need a subzone The zone owner will need to create that and then share that subzone with the appropriate projects It gets a little interesting when you're Delegating subzone creation who has ownership and how that that ownership change looks like so one of the nice features this enables is Doing classless in at our ARPA delegation Using designate. So this is actually RFC 2317 and this lets you slice and dice your reverse lookup zones and delegate out arbitrary blocks to Other projects so again a little quick review of what an adder ARPA zone is This is reverse lookups in DNS If you look at the zone file or the zone represent representation, it's the IP address in reverse order under the in adder ARPA namespace in DNS And so a pointer record if we had an IP address of 192 02.5 It would be in this zone and the pointer record would be address five maps to WWW example comm and so you can see kind of an example using gig if you use the reverse lookup That's the response you would get based on this zone configuration so the big challenge with IPv4 is These reverse lookup zones are on octet boundaries. So essentially the smallest Chunk of that reverse lookup space that you can delegate to somebody else is a 254 address Block that's not great considering we're out of IPv4 addresses right around most of the world So we're all trying to conserve how we allocate and delegate IPv4 addresses To various projects or customers and And as I mentioned at the bottom especially with edge sites where we have a lot of deployments with very small sets of endpoints required So how do we work around this challenge? That's what RFC 2317 is all about We use a CNAME alias to point to those Pointer records in the delegated zone. So essentially you have your normal parent zone You'll create a child zone that is essentially defined for what range of addresses you want to Delegate to some other project. So in this case, I'm saying One two and three is being delegated to Somebody else potentially and the nice thing here is that's an arbitrary block So you don't have to do Slash 26 block of addresses or something like that As you can see, it's not an octet bound boundary either. It's three addresses. So it's very untypical In the parent zone, you'll create a CNAME record that points to the record that will be created in the child zone and Address one so in this case you do one two and three and that essentially aliases from the parent zone into this child zone that we're going to let other projects have management over Then finally in that child zone once we've shared it with the other projects They can go ahead and create and manage their pointer records in that zone as they would like So let's kind of look at how that actually works and designate So we're going to create a normal Reverse zone and designate for that address space. You should pretty simple. We've done that for a while Then we're going to go ahead and create that child zone So the one that's just for the the three addresses that we want to delegate to a particular customer Again straightforward zone creation This is the new feature that we've enabled So now you can share that child zone with the project or your customer that will have management over those reverse pointer records I Discuss that earlier and here's kind of where the trick comes in we create that C name alias So your record will be the dot one address in the child zone It's a C name alias record the parent zone and then finally The address that we're aliasing Then once we've done that I In the previous slide I shared with the demo project in this example So now demo has ownership of that Reverse lookup zone and they can go ahead and create their pointer records or update their pointer records to create that Reverse lookup for the one address Very similar to a normal pointer record that you would create and designate except you're using that child zone as the parent so when we Implement this and use dig You'll see that instead of getting back one record when you ask for the full answer You'll get the C name and the C name will point to the actual pointer record in the child zone Most DNS servers will provide this in the extra information so you'll get that all back in one answer response It doesn't actually have to do a dual query to get that resolution But I will note Your resolver will need to have recursive turned on or it won't return both of those responses It'll only return the first response And again, if you look with the short dig look up you'll see kind of what you would expect It resolves to www example.com so These are great new features Where can we go with it in the future? And this is kind of where I'm interested to hear feedback from the community and maybe even contributors that are interested in working on this So if we think about integration with neutron right now There's a number of extensions and neutron that work on floating IPs and creating reverse pointer records One opportunity that we could do is in neutron when you have Subnets from a routable subnet pool So you're essentially allocating Like slash 26 blocks from an address pool You could have some kind of integration with designate that would create those child pointer zones for the slash 26 blocks and again just using Standard pointer records that would have to be a slash 24 block To be functional This is one integration point that makes a lot of sense when you're using smaller subnet pools the other question is around the floating IPs and When you create a floating IP You could have an integration that would create that child zone and delegate it to the project that created the floating IP Unfortunately in neutron It doesn't have an IPAM model that allows you to allocate blocks to a to a particular project at a time But if you have other IPAM integrations that might also be an opportunity where you could Have some automation that would Set up that reverse domain for you based on whatever block of addresses you want to allocate to a particular project So that's my presentation. I have about a minute if anybody has any questions Happy to answer them. Did you step up to the mic? So, hello, curious if we get full read of the zone and all the records set. Why do you disallow export? It was just a It's interesting question. I mean really we wanted to limit the scope of this feature and so there were things that You know like export and transfer and subzones that we thought Yeah, definitely because there are actually new rights over the read, but here it's like replacing For each on the list. So, okay, you just didn't do it. Yeah, I understand It is a little weird when you know, somebody else owns a zone, but you're dumping the whole zone But if you do have a use case for it open a bug and we can certainly look into Enabling that as well. All right. I'm out of time. Thank you


Peace everyone, all right?  The brick that's here. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. We could get Freddie with that 40.


What's up? Oh my gosh. Hey, what in the world have you got in your face? I brought you guys some new fpv goggles to fly Okay, these are the best fpv goggles ever made. Are we ripping the vision? We're gonna rip the vision pro let's go This is the Apple vision pro This is a headset made by Apple to provide what they're calling Spatial computing and they're positioning this or trying to position this as something that's different from virtual or augmented reality And virtual reality you're in a completely generated world Maybe playing a game and augmented reality your in the world you're in but they're adding maybe like little monsters to like shoot Or chase or whatever Apple is setting this up to be a tool to use as like a computer now You can do some of that stuff you can use it to to go stand in like a desert in California It's like they cut our presenting a future with this where you can like live in these goggles Yeah, and write your emails take video calls if you're not familiar with this product There are some great review videos out there go check them out because this is not one of them This is not really a review what we're gonna do today kind of in line with what Apple is saying Is that this is a headset that you can use for all your needs? We're gonna see if it can meet a very specific need that we have yeah, which is flying first-person view drones Now these are the goggles we usually use right yeah This headset is the fat shark dominator and it is purpose designed and built just to provide You camera image from this drone to your eyes so that you can fly this drone as if you were sitting in the cockpit It's very cool if you're not familiar with what we do here check out some of our videos We're all about these FPV drones. They are so much fun, but I'm like wondering okay We're looking into the future with this revolutionary Apple product. Yeah Is there is there a reality where we don't have dedicated FPV goggles? We just have like a drone app a drone app What if there was like a road right app and these goggles connected to your drone and you could be flying FPV? Unfortunately, we don't have the rotor right app developed yet not yet We got to get the video to go from the drone to the goggle, so we have to do a bit of a workaround We got some cords. We got some dongles. We got some laptops, so let's get everything plugged in set up We'll show you what it takes to get FPV in the goggle, and then we're gonna try it out and see is this the future of FPV Is it? I don't know. We've got a bunch of gear here and a whole bunch of cords a lot of them We've hacked the matrix. Yeah And we're gonna make this work. Okay, so we've got our FPV drone and it will be connected as it normally is Directly to the FPV goggles, so there's nothing peaked on the drone at all. Yeah We didn't change anything on the drone our goggles are then connected to an HDMI output It's going into a capture card here And the capture card is getting the video onto my laptop. Okay, and then with the vision pros I'll be able to pull the laptop screen put it wherever I want. That's cool. Maybe as big as I want. Okay, then hopefully fly That's pretty cool. Yeah So you can like move you can you're saying you can move the FPV feed around wherever you want Yeah, I mean that'll be the weird thing is that our normal FPV goggles are a much simpler product The screen is fixed to your head. So if you like move your head the screen moves with you Yeah, would with this when you're gonna be in Apple's spatial computing universe The screen will be there in space and if I move my FPV feed will like stay in spot So I'm gonna have to like stand still it might be yeah, I'm gonna be used to I think it's gonna feel like I'm flying off Of a monitor. That's exactly what it will be like It's just instead of having that monitor like on the ground or mounted on a wall It's just gonna be magically floating in the Apple cinematic universe. It's a really cool piece of technology So I mean we have flown with monitors before you can do it Yeah, but there is something about wearing proper FPV goggles Yeah, that blackout everything other than the screen that gives you like a real immersed feeling Yeah, so I'm wondering like is this gonna feel immersed or is this gonna feel like I'm flying through a monitor That's a really good question. I know another challenge that you know I'm concerned about is latency when piloting these FPV drones Latency is very important And that's the time it takes from when we give a command on the stick to when the drone reacts to when you actually see it in The goggles and these systems that we use for high-performance flight are very optimized for that high-performance Ultra low latency when you give a command it's basically immediate. It feels immediate Yeah, but now we've added a whole bunch of other things talking to each other There's gonna be more latency than we're used to we're gonna have to fly around that But you know, we know we're doing you know, we're doing so let's tear into this. Okay, and get this set up awesome So now let's go in and grab my computer screen There's just like I'm actually right here that that's my FPV feed and I can oh I can just put it anywhere. Oh man, it's huge Thank you make sure it's this arm Oh There we go now I've got it. Okay, you got it make it full. I'm maxing out There's a radio This is cool. This is cool. Okay. Okay armed This is okay latency is pretty rough not gonna lie and I mean you seem to be ripping it. No, dude. This is terrifying. This is really hard. This is very hard to fly Okay, if I just let me just do like Mavic style flying right where I'm just gonna kind of cinematic cruise around I've got my finger on the kill switch in case we need it. The other weird thing is because I'm not immersed I can see the drone over there. Oh my gosh This could like be some sort of like line of sight compliance thing. Oh that is so great Look, I'm flying the drone line of sight right now. You can see the drone. Yeah, it's crazy Yeah, I'm looking at the drone. Yeah, and now I can look the FPV feed switch to FPV. That's crazy Oh, it's so that's so weird. Oh, I did dude It's just really as the drone flew behind my iMac screen my eye Like I went and looked at it and then it flew behind the iMac screen and I lost it for a second So you got to really stay focused on the screen and resist temptation to like look oh there it is again Oh, it's so distracting when you see it. You see it go behind out in the real world I mean, I'm seeing it like in the sky and it's like weird then like flying behind the screen I'm slowly getting used to the latency We're not gonna be doing any crazy tricks here guys because the the lag in the stutter is Pretty bad pretty bad.  Let me let me like set this one down I wonder if there a way I can make this like more Immersive like could I oh, I forgot I could do this. I'm gonna go to the moon Yeah, what do you mean or where can I go? Looks like it only wants to give me Joshua tree. Okay, Joshua tree it is. Yeah, so I'll go to I go to Joshua tree And I just twist this What's that doing? I am now standing in the mountains. What I'm now.  Oh wait speak to me. Hi. How are you doing? Oh, man? When I talk to you I see like a ghost of bubby. Oh it goes to the puppy appearing There's a cactus or tree or whatever that is Okay. No. Oh This is weird This is cool, dude. This is so cool to be able to like hold that latency is It is really really bad. Yeah, I mean for the slow like cinematic stuff for cinematic I mean, I would say if I was flying an actual Here I'll just split us over the power lines. Yeah, that's nice and big if I was flying a Mavic if I was actually flying a Mavic and doing that type of Slow Gimbal stabilized flying. Yeah, it'd be fine like this would be a really cool way to fly a camera platform But flying this high-speed FPV. Yeah system Clearly, it's just not I mean, it's just not optimized. We're doing the most acting way of making this work So, I mean, I'm slowly Adapting right. Let me see if I can get this big split us Boom.  Oh boy. I might eat it.  Yeah What else can we do? I mean dive the tower dude dive the tower You want me to dive the tower before you get a shot? I think you got it, right? If you got battery, all you're gonna do is go up and all my all my bars look okay Okay, latency is definitely poopy poopy All right, we're at the tower dive it worst tower dive ever With the early pull I pulled out really early and really high, but um, you still did it First tower dive on a vision pro first however type on a vision. Oh my there's a drone And now you can line aside it to you know, I can't because I'm in drosh which week Oh, I forgot. That's right. I got to come back to reality reality Mm-hmm. Okay. We're here now. I'm back. Hi. Let's go. Let's see it. I wonder like Maybe let me grab it and like make it more like an FPV size feed like so this This now feels like what I would see in my normal FPV goggles like my size and feel the view eyes It It's weird. It's weird.  It was like flying on a movie theater screen cool Oh, man, I wish we could sort out the lag issue because this is this is cool And I just wonder what's the real source of the lag It's cool man. It's it's pretty cool. Yeah, it's pretty. Oh, I made it go away. Oh, I hit a button I'm just taking pictures. Hi Hey, buddy. Okay, wait go exit exit that Don't accidentally I Lost it leave. Oh No, no, no stop go back to okay. It's back. That was that's dicey, man Well, like be careful when you're flying a drone I hit a button and it entered capture mode so my FPV feed just like went away. Oh man. This is so weird What are you doing? I'm like touching my FPV feet. I'm feeling the drone This is wild. She's wild. All right, let me try. Wow. That just fell. These are not made to be really like shared So like the way that you view this is very Precisely controlled it needs to be calibrated for the size of your eyes the spacing of your eyes the shape and size of your hands Everything so if I try to hand it to bubby and let him log in as me wasn't really working as well So now he's got to recalibrate It's kind of annoying that every time you want to show it to someone if you want them to get the best possible experience They got to do all this different, you know dot poking calibration. It's kind of fun though It's pretty incredible. It's every when you do it when you do the calibration really shows you like oh Like that's that's what this this hand tracking is capable of. Oh, there we go. Yeah, there we go Yeah, buddy Okay, I want to hear I like the background of Vandalin. This is wild I'm scared about I'm scared watch out for that latency man. I know it's rough That's funny. I could look up at it. Don't look at the drone So bad. It's like it's like holy pixel is yours looked way better than mine did It's still really cool. Don't get me wrong. So the latency is very crazy Yeah, definitely a lot of latency and the image is very Pixlady, I wonder if it's because I'm farther from the laptop No, don't think so.  I'm walking back to my screen It is it is very cool to be flying with these goggles. Don't get me wrong Okay, I got the first tower dive you got a power loop. I didn't do any power loops I did I don't know that says you can just do a big to the moon power loop. All right So I'm gonna go over here. I'm gonna go over here and try the power loop. Yes. I'll try here our loop to the moon Save it. There it is with speed with authority. There we go. Oh, nice It's so funny just watching it like Stuttery and like kind of barely make through I feel like I'm flying really bad analog or something Like really bad. Yeah, it's a real it's a real hack way of getting it into the goggles But yeah, that's cool. It is really cool. Oh wait, I'm gonna try a trench runner real quick I'm getting used to it. I'm getting I'm I'm learning how it reacts latency wise in the stutter. Yeah, I'm about to predict I'm just trying to fly through this thing. Oh Oh, there we go. Nice. Nice big roll over. Oh, geez. Oh, geez. I was over rolling because of the latency thing Man, what else this is how wait what input temporarily not working. What does that mean? Oh, I've got really stuttery This is the disarm right just in case. Yeah Okay. Okay, okay Okay It's really funny. It just feels like I'm flying on a TV or something. Yeah.  Okay, come land it I'm gonna try my best. There we go.  Whoa, I Still see you just keep spinning keep spinning. Oh my gosh, I see a ghost of Drew He looks ridiculous, I would never I would know nothing buddy you look great. Thanks It's all that construction equipment taking you out of the immersion. Sorry guys if this is loud We are at GTI the side of rampage and they're you know, there's still setting stuff up for us, which is great But it's loud. I'm in Joshua tree guys. All right. He's not here I'm gonna do the first inverted yasmin with the vision pros Eric. Oh, it's terrible, but we did it Well, oh my gosh You know, it's weird like the feeling that I thought that I would feel of it feeling like a monitor Once I put myself in this like Joshua tree locations We don't know it kind of went away, which is funny Okay, I feel more like I'm finding that TV now and maybe it's because I'm not like looking around and everything but I'm gonna try to navigate through here a little bit through this little There we go. Oh my gosh Nice buddy. Nice. That was awesome. Well, I can just like put this away and I could Just talk to you like Errol now. I don't have to take my goggles off to keep talking to you once I get my own set I'm going in I'm never coming out for now that I can fly a TV. Why would I ever need to leave? That's true That's nothing else you can do. Okay. It was pretty rough flying at PB in the vision pro That's not a problem with the vision pro per se It's just the way we had to go around getting the feed into it created latency issues I think there are some cool things about having your PV feed in a very sophisticated headset like this Yeah, I think there are some downsides. Yeah, let's give us that in a little bit more But first gosh, we guys we can't have you guys thinking that's how we fly Let's get on our real FPV goggles. Have a quick little session. Yeah, and then we'll wrap it up You chair we're living in the future. Yep, I'm never leaving you're never leaving you live there No, these are still pretty big and heavy and you got a battery But they've developed a product with the technology that's available today that can show you what it could be like to live In a world where virtual computing and reality Lends together in this beautiful seamless intuitive way to actually have that experience on a more daily basis I think it's gonna require one for it to be cheaper. Yeah, very expensive, but two for it to be something that's more wearable I mean if we could have like contact contacts to be so cool rain glasses glasses even would be fine Or maybe they just go full-brain chip. I don't know if I'd buy into that one. I don't know about it It was really cool that like being able to you know customize you want to be iMacs You want to be narrow you want to be here and see the drone flying around behind the screen or like in Joshua tree or something There's somewhere else There's different environments that we could have picked like we've been flying a PV on the moon on the moon Yeah, maybe the Sun tuna Enjoyed it. It was really fun. There were the challenging parts of it We're more just a limitation of what we had to do to get things to connect. Yeah, but it was a lot of fun I just think it was really cool to just have just the floating screen of FPV go around and Transition from the FPV to like line of sight flying. Yeah, it's really kind of trippy. I don't know if the experience is one that I would trade my Dedicated FPV goggles for though a connection issues aside like the increased latency and things like that even aside from that The amount of features packed into this. It's very cumbersome when you're trying to do something. That's very specific. Like this is a very Specific experience. Yeah, and when you're in there You want to be like really zoned in and immersed in the FPV experience And when you've got like email going on and to get connected you have to open up a specific app and get settings I mean if it ever did come to pass that FPV technology could be integrated into something like this I'm sure it would be more seamless But I think there would always be something said for having equipment that is solely built For FPV hundred percent, right? I mean the downside is again You're not gonna do anything on these goggles other than FPV and these are somewhat expensive I mean these are several hundred dollars Do I really want to get a headset that all I can do is fly a drone like I can't face them on these All you can do is fly a drone and so I could see some people seeing a Several hundred dollar headset as kind of expensive, but I would say as a counterpoint It's four thousand dollars. This is like a four thousand dollar headset. Yeah That's the other thing. Do you really want to wear four thousand dollars on your face? Where there's like a band-aid where there's like pieces of metal and rocks and you might be like you might drop not I don't know. I think these are probably a little overkill. Definitely overkill Yeah, I think this is not something I'd be wanting to like lug around on FPV trips This is definitely The most futuristic thing I've ever played with. I don't know that it's you know a product Everyone's gonna run out and buy and change how they live their lives I think it's definitely a sign that things are changing technology is evolving. That's very exciting But no matter what happens We know we're gonna be enjoying FPV whether it's in an Apple product or the FPV goggles. Yes We just gotta keep flying guys Yeah So if you guys like this episode of Rotorat make sure to comment down below if this is something that you're gonna do Yeah, we're just try it out. I miss is this the future or we better off better off here I don't know. I don't know. They say innovate or die. I say innovate and fly I'm sorry guys. Thank you guys for watching. We'll see you next time on Rotorat


So tell me what are y'all doing right now? We are waiting our missions from the Norwegians To fire today. We're doing a prep fire and to set conditions for the live fire. That's happening tomorrow So right now we're just waiting for the process to go from the Norwegians all the way down to our level So we could distribute it out to our platoon So the Norwegians will actually generate a target for us at that point they'll be speaking with the Anglico team from the Marine Corps They will put it in a way that we could actually read it and they will send us the mission at that point We'll be able to distribute it out to our platoon who's with the launchers and ready to fire It's been great, so it's it's helped us understand how they actually build the mission how they actually See using launchers in the future future fight. So at this point Like I said, the Norwegians will will actually select a target using their assets and it'll change into how we are able to fire it So say it helps integrate, you know your fires asset there's for a multi Domain or a multinational partnership? Absolutely, it allows them to get comfortable with how we operate and us to be comfortable how they operate to get a smooth transition in the future if need be Oh, it's been great the Norwegians have been very welcoming to us We've had a lot of of chance to Cross train with them our other elements have been able to cross train with them Not just our field artillery unit. So it's been a really good time. We've we've been able to learn a lot from the Norwegians Yeah, we are a firing live rockets with the Norwegian army synced in with us Marines really working on interoperability fire mission processing all the way from observers whether that's f-16s in the air or Marine observers on the ground or Norwegian foes all the way up through their brigade element where they're linked in with us Pushed down to our launchers and then we hit the target So tell me about your weapon system. Yeah, this is the mic 270 alpha one MLRS. It shoots 12 rockets or two a tackles missiles Today we are firing Rockets so six six rounds going down range for each launcher one pot. What kind of capabilities does this add to? to What kind of capabilities does this thing add to like NATO? Yeah, so what MLRS really does for NATO is allows long-range precision fires Throughout Europe and we're showing here today. We're up above the Arctic Circle So we're able to stretch out to the furthest reaches of NATO and provide that capability So how has it been here for your guys? My soldiers have loved it. I've loved it. The Norwegians are Extremely hospitable they've synced us in entirely with their arty battalion with Brigade North Working hand-in-hand and building a really great partnership So since we've been boots on ground We've been working with the Norwegian army integrated with them through the planning process as well as working out some details on How to fire long-range precision fires on the range they have here at Ceterna So can't tell me what we're gonna see tomorrow Brigade North is conducting a large combined arms live fire exercise. They're having multiple battalions moved down through the area while sinking fires from our MLRS to their K9 cannon systems their mortars as well as having F-16s flying overhead and dry and dropping live ordinance Anything you'd like to add? We're really excited to be here working with the Norwegians. I think we've We've we've tackled a big challenge of moving this far north into the Arctic Circle Working closely with the Norwegians and it's a relationship that is the beginning of something for us in 41st To be able to build on in the future Yeah, so how was the how was it viewing the live fire? It was great. You know what we witnessed today that was a Tactical exercise live firing with the artillery and artillery US artillery fully integrated in the Norwegian artillery battalion so and Together, this is a joint combined event So it proves that we are fully integrated. So it was really good to see Yeah, I think this is only one activity we try to do this in all domains both air land and at sea Together and we try to do this regularly to integrate our forces both on the US command or under Norwegian command But then we need to have the same procedure. So we may integrate the systems together And so you're saying, you know being one being together as part of NATO How does this help support the larger issue and larger NATO security? I think Norway joined NATO in 1945 Knowing that we need some good friends to have a relevant alliance we need to train Exercise together and operate together, you know, we've been 20 years in Afghanistan together Now we take the same procedure back home and use it to defend our own countries


How many of you are familiar with GigaSpaces, Clarify, heard about it? None. So basically, what I'm going to do is go through a simple presentation and a demo that describes the problem that we're trying to solve. And basically, we have two edge or two ends of the problem. One of them is that we want to automate relatively complex applications in OpenStack. And second, we want to make it very simple. Now, it sounds usually as an experiment, because usually the tools that we use to make applications simple are very different than the tools that we use to manage complex application. And what I'm trying to show here is actually how do we actually address both? How do we take relatively complex application and deploy it on OpenStack in a very simple way? So where are we? There are a few slides of introduction in which I will explain the concept. And then I'll end up with a demo that you could all try out, even from your mobile device, in which you could run Hadoop, MongoDB, from just your cell phone, if you'd like on, in this case, on HP OpenStack. Anyone here, by the way, using HP OpenStack? Raise their hand? No? OK. So one word about GigaSpice for those who are not familiar with being around in, I think, roughly 13 years in the market, started in distributed computing. One of our main customers is in the financial industries. And obviously, e-commerce and carriers. So we were not the regular startup, if you would like, that you would normally see. So there are a couple of names here. And you can see the mission statement. I'm not going to repeat that. The statement or the mission that we're trying to solve is really this one. On one hand, we had a lot of enterprises interested in moving to the cloud. On the other hand, they're having difficulties to move to the cloud. And we're trying to reach that gap. So I'm not going to say too many words about that. An interesting survey done recently about that was done actually by RightScale about the strategy that enterprises are taking to move to the cloud. Not surprisingly, even if they want to move to OpenStack, they would still take a hybrid approach. Hybrid really means more than one developer, even if they're both OpenStack providers. Enterprises wouldn't go with one provider. And that's kind of an interesting angle here because what you normally hear in OpenStack is that everyone's trying to build the entire thing.  They will promise you the world and will try to give you anything. But most enterprises don't want that. They want a hybrid approach in which they would be able to take IBM and HP and Dell, but also work with Amazon to set in workloads and so forth. So there's this interesting challenge in which they want to move to the cloud. OpenStack is critical to their strategy, but not only OpenStack. So that's kind of another interesting aspect that we can see here. So the current approaches that people have taken, many organizations have taken, I kind of try to list them into a simple list of three categories or three types of application. One of them is what I would call the IS-first approach. The IS-first approach means that I'm building a very nice, shiny infrastructure as a service that enables me to spawn compute resources on demand. The problem with that approach is that there is the application outside. And the fact that I have a very nice and shiny IS doesn't bring those applications. So I need something to bring those applications. In the case of Bank of America, for example, we're talking about 7,000 applications that are built in a pre-cloud world that I now need to be great. So even if I have an investor to build that nice cloud, I'm still going to have those 7,000 applications outside, and I'm not going to have them in the cloud unless I'm going to do something in a short time frame. So the problem with that approach is that it's really not thinking about the application. It just deals with a fraction of a problem. The other approach is using configuration management tools like Chef and Puppet, which is a very good approach. But it's still relatively complex because it requires a lot of scripting and a lot of work. And there's still quite a amount of work that we need to implement to actually get our application fully automated in the cloud. So there are good building blocks, but not necessarily as simple as we want it to be. And the last approach is the past approach, which basically means that you care about the environment and you tell users, if you want to run in the cloud, you develop to the cloud. Forget about the legacy. Forget about whatever you have. The cloud is a new world and right to the new world in a different ways in which infrastructure is less interesting and less important. This is a good approach for green field application. But again, I have those seven applications outside. What do I do with them? Obviously, that wouldn't cater to this group or this class of application. So let's see what Amazon was doing. So Amazon had, say, the four blocks that they listed earlier this year, which in my view defines the current cloud stack. And what you could see here is instead of three blocks that we used to think about when we think about cloud, which is the infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, and software as a service, we can actually see that if I take software as a service outside of that spectrum, there are four blocks. So they have a more fine-grained definition of that spectrum. And that's very important because it's actually coming in a lot of discussions. And what are those boxes? The first boxes is obviously the compute storage network, the regular IS that we used to know. On the other end, I think that's also a box that we used to know, which is called Pass, which is, as I mentioned earlier, for the Greenfield application. Now there are two boxes that were filled in the middle. One of them is the Cloud Formation, the equivalent of here in the case of the OpenStack, and a new box that is called OpsWork. So OpsWork is really a box that gives me a way to automate the deployment in a relatively easy way of, if you'd like, more complex application. In the case of Amazon, OpsWork runs on top of Chef. So it's actually tightly coupled with Chef. So it's a way in which I can describe stacks and the deployment of those stacks and talk to the IS in a relatively more controlled way. And you could see the two axes here are around control and convenience. So when we move to the extreme of pass, we're in a convenient, very convenient world. We don't think about infrastructure, but we lose a lot of control, meaning which availability, how I'm going to run my availability, how I'm going to manage DR, how I'm going to manage and optimize my performance, a lot of things are carried out of me for the good and for the bad. And if I'm on the other side, I have full control, but I have a lot of relatively large complexity. So OpsWork really feeling that void, if you'd like, that exists right now, also in OpenStack, that gives me high degree of control, but doesn't cost me that much in terms of complexity. So that's kind of, I think, the trade-offs that defines the cloud in general. We're trying to fill that box within OpenStack. And what you'll see is really, and a lot of the things that we're doing is really coming from that understanding. The product or the project, it's an open source project that is called Clarify. And actually, we're now part of the Solon project within OpenStack, which is, again, an open source project that basically does what Amazon tried to do with OpsWork. The important thing is that it's beyond open source. It's not limited to Chef-like OpsWork. It also works with Puppet, and it works with other configuration management tools. And that's a key in the orchestration, because we also recently integrated with Hit, on that respect. So the way it works is as follows. We basically take an application and script it. There is some sort of a DSL. Right now, it's groovy, but it's going to be yaml in the next release. The script basically defines the blueprint of the application. And the blueprint includes the following things. It includes the definition of how you start, install, and configure the application. But most importantly, how you manage it after it's been installed. So for example, how do you monitor? What are the KPIs that you want to monitor? How do you detect failure? What do you do in the case of failure? What do you do in a case of scaling? How do you scale it? So a lot of that is now scripted in one document, if you'd like. Then, again, comparing to the regular world that we use when we basically send an email to an operator that will do things for us. In this case, we have a document that is understood by not an operator, but a software entity that is called Orchestrator. So the Orchestrator can read that thing. That's the thing on the right-hand side. And have one leg into the input, which is the blueprint. And another hand in the infrastructure itself, which is the capacity and the resources. And what it does is basically matchmaking. It takes the requirements and match it to the resources that we have. And in this case, specifically, it will spawn the machines using the Nova API, in the case of OpenStack. Then it will plug in through SSH to those machines, because we don't have any agent pre-installed. So we can take any image that we have already. And it will start to push the software into those machines and install it. And later on, it will start it based on the dependency that we define in that blueprint. So it will start the database first, load the schema, load the data. And only when the database is ready, it will start the web container. And only when the load balancer is ready, it will start to register those web containers into the load balancer. So in one click, we get a fully orchestrated application without necessarily doing any manual stuff in that process and without complex scripting that we normally had to do otherwise. What does that really get me? It really gets me to the following two items here. One item is that I can take a fairly complex model and reduce complexity by having a much more consistent way of managing it. By means of consistent, the way I manage the installation, deployment, scaling, failover, monitoring looks pretty much the same whether my underlying product happens to be Hadoop or Tomcat or Ruby or whatever. That's consistent management in this case, because they're all scripted in the same way. And that's a big thing. The other thing that we get is the probability between different environments. So once my blueprint is scripted, I have a consistent way in which I can clone it between environments. So I can now spawn an environment within the public cloud, within my testing environment, within my QA environment, within my production environment. Something that is critical in continuous deployment and continuous delivery processes, because we're going to do that quite a amount of times. Also for the R, because in the R what we're basically doing is we clone the environment on another side. And it's important for us to clone not just the binaries, but also the SLAs, how we manage the failure, how I manage performance, how we manage the scaling of the application. And that abstraction that we have in place between the infrastructure and the blueprint allows me to clone that environment in a very easy way, in a very consistent way. The last point before the demo is that the other attribute of that probability that I have is that I can easily now have an environment in which I can have my existing environment and my open stack environment coexist. And in this case, that allows me to take my workload and run it, first of all, automate it and run it on my local environment, in which case we have another abstraction for that. It could be VMware, it could be bare matter, it could be anything. And slowly and gradually say, okay, the testing and the new version of it is gonna run on my public cloud or sorry, on my new environment, but my production is still gonna run on that existing environment because I don't wanna take the risk. Once I'm convenient with that, my open stack environment, then I'll do the switch and I'll move that. But I'm gonna have the same management between those two environments and therefore the process is gonna be a much smoother. So now to the demo, because we're running out of time. So basically the title here is how do I take a complex application and deploy it in a very easy way? How do I share that application in other ways? So we've done a work with HP Cloud to actually deliver a catalog if you'd like, very much similar to App Store, but it also combines the ideas from YouTube and you'll see what I mean by that. So I'm gonna switch to a demo here and let's see how long does it take me to actually deploy an application. So basically I can go to the cladify-source.org website and if you click try now you get to that screen and fortunately I have a resolution here, nevermind. So basically what I can do here is I'll pick one of the application here from the catalog. I can see that I can now click here on play and by clicking or play what I'm basically creating is creating a new instance. I'm spoiling a new instance and it will fork a machine, in this case in the OpenStack, in the HP OpenStack, it will install the binaries for that application and will provision the application on that. I can immediately wire up the management to view all that process and the management will also be provisioned for me automatically as part of that deployment and later on I can actually start the application. So if I go to the management console what I can see is that the process of deployment as it is taking place, I can see that the application will be constructed out of two tiers, in this case the web container and a database. This is for the free user, so in real life production we'll have a full cluster available for me. So for example, if I click here I see the dashboard of all the resources and application that are currently being deployed and if I click here I can see that there is a MongoDB instance being deployed and a new web container being deployed and I can see the relationship and the dependency being deployed. All that in less than a minute and that's kind of the level of simplicity that I can have. Now, let alone that and that's gonna be finishing soon. You can see that the MongoDB is already running. The Tonka should be plugged in in a second. We're not gonna wait for that because I'm running out of time. As soon as it's gonna be ready we'll see that thing here become a linked and I can actually try it out. So I think that should be finishing by now. Okay, so it's finished and it actually tells me to click here and that gets me to the actual application and I got the application with the database ready to roll out. Now the idea is that imagine that you have a catalog of those services available on your OpenStack environment so you could give your users of your environment the ability to try out new products and new releases and new versions and new blueprints. Now, more than that, let's imagine that I created a blueprint for my organization. Let's say that I have an SAP, I'm just kidding, but let's say that I have some, that application and that blueprint is something that I wanna share. Now in video on YouTube, the way I would do that is that we use email to share the link to my video and that's how we would share that. I imagine doing it for a BI system, for a subsystem, for whatever system. It sounds almost impossible, but in this case because we have the blueprint, what we basically sharing is a blueprint and a way to execute the blueprint so we can actually even take a very complex application because we're not actually shipping the binaries, we're shipping the definition of how to run that application. So I can use any sharing mechanism that I have, whether it's Twitter or whatever mechanism and basically either embed it in a blog and say here's a new feature, here's new versions, try it out and people can actually have that outside of that portal, they don't need to go to ClarifySource.org to actually run it, they can actually run it directly from the context of the description of the application and I can also share it in Twitter or email with other users just by providing the link to that blueprint. Now again, the thing that I'm sharing is how to run that plate cleaning application. I'm not sharing the instances that I'm currently running for that, I can just use a browser link and that's it. And others can use that same link to spawn their own version of that on their own environment. The last bit that I think is important is that one of the things that we didn't want to create is that it would be a black box model. And the black box model means that I have listing running and it's all nice, but how do I move it to production? I need a lot of customization from that definition. So the thing that we did is that we created a very smooth migration from that simple trial to production. So for example, if I'll provide here my cloud credential, I could use the same tool, but in this case it would run under my cloud account as if it was spawning the machines and installing that software on itself. So I have full control over where it's gonna be running and how it's gonna be running. If that's not enough, I can go and customize the recipe and change them to the size and type of orchestration that I want and then populate it into that catalog. I can decide whether it's gonna be in the public catalog or private catalog because the catalog is basically a GitHub. So I have all the version control that I have with GitHub. I can do pull requests, I can change things, I can clone things, I can run on my own environment and I can do a lot of things that I can deal with code with that recipe. So in that case, what I'm getting is the ability to try out, try out products in a very simple way. Just click, hustle free. I don't need to log in, register, do anything. And later on, run it under my account if I want to in a POC and later on, run it or download the entire thing and run it on my own environment under full control. All using the same tool. So I don't need to rip and replace the environment every time that I'm going through each of those steps. And with that, I think we're out of time so I'll finish the, go back to the slides here. So the thing that I wanted to kind of end up here is that we started with a vision that says that we can manage and deploy complex application in a very simple way. And I think what I showed you is that we can actually do that in a much simpler way than even the simplest application in Hiroko or even App Store can be dull. And it can be as simple as running a video on YouTube. All that is open source. All that is something that you could download and run under your own open stack environment. Obviously it's already running in open stack environment right now with HBCS. There is a new version coming out which actually takes that even a few step further. But that's kind of, I would say, the end of that. So thank you very much.


Welcome folks, we have the Dow Industries up 102, NASDAQ up 15, S&P's up 9.5 and welcome to QuadWitching folks, end of the year also. And what you have with QuadWitches is that the differential is that you have options on the future market and the S&P expiring on the open and they ran that S&P all the way up to $32.24. Right now we're at $32.22, gold, gold contract trading at down $2 at $14.82 an ounce, you get silver up 5 cents, $17.21 an ounce, a light sweet crew down 57 cents, $60.61 a barrel, notes and bonds, it's going to get interesting here. So notes and bonds folks, yesterday came down, rejected lower price as it got into the strength that was established out here last Friday as well as the downdraft that had been out there since November 7th and guess what, we're going after it again and it hasn't got to, they haven't got to the lows of yesterday, bottom line, I expect you're going to see another rejection of lower price out here yesterday. We did 1.2 million contracts coming into 2.7 and we're 393 right now, that can definitely do another 1.2 but the bottom line is that you have no sellers down at these lower levels. If we get open, let me take a look at the 30 year bond, same type of setup inside the 30 year bond, 30 year bond right now, yesterday you had the test at the lower end, you're slightly above that area today, you're getting a contraction of volume once again, we were going into 487,000 contracts yesterday, we did 253 and rejected lower price. Now the 30 year looks like it's actually going to do less volume than yesterday. Kingdala, Kingdala is now trading inside its higher trading range once again, what that has to do with is that you had that British pound come down from the 305 level into the, I mean the 135 level, into the 130 level bottom line, we have Kingdala right now of 243 ticks, you're trading 97, 621 and we'll see how it basically handles, it looks like it wants to run to this 97, 811, we'll see how it handles that number. If we go open, we take a look at the British pound out here, what you're going to see is that the pound right now is trading at a price point of 130,04 and bottom line is that that was a fast and furious way up as well as coming back. Stay right there folks, Tommy and I are coming right back.


Keep the ball, good, keep the ball, keep it, switch, switch, good, start again, yes, start again, stand in, go higher, left back, okay, yes give us a ball, once you do this, listen you centre-backs, yeah it's important when you've got time to step in, modern day centre-backs, so brilliant switch, second centre-back, love that switch, then you attack, so I attack, I attack, I attack, I attack, there you go, boom, then you're 2v1, so you're 2v1 and you're 2v1, there's always the extra man, yep, so the key you centre-backs and goalkeeper on one side, get the striker over and then switch it and then you don't need to run in, I want you to walk in, in control, otherwise you panic, yeah. For me it's important, the build-up from the back, that whatever the opponent does, that we have a solution, we have a spare man, we outnumber in certain areas and we use that to get into the final third, yep, give it back to him, come on, good, take your time, walk in, give it back to him, back to him, perfect, there you go, now you can go forward, now you go forward, now you go, now you go, it's absolutely perfect and what I like, 2-8, I love that, behind these two midfield players and that's where you step in and you play between the lines, I play between the lines, between the lines.