Quick, Rebecca, say hi. Hi. It's Wednesday at 1 o'clock. I'm here with Hannah and Jeff. Hi. And me and Jeff have microphones and Hannah doesn't yet. So if the audio is good, let us know. If it's not, we'll try and fix it. We have a lot to do today. Thank you for coming out. If you have any questions, let us know. And why don't we start by going through what we're going to do today. Bada boom. Yeah. I hope you're all doing well wherever you are in the world during these COVID times. Oh, and actually give us a thumbs up on the audio if people can confirm that it's all sounding good. So here's some things we're going to do today. The first thing is we had questions about this hard up here. So I'll quickly show you how this was made. This is Josie Lewis, J-O-S-I-E-L-E-W-I-S. She came over and she made this with us and gave it to us. Hey, Andrea, Zach and John N. Cool. Hi, Mom. Hope you're doing well. Thanks for joining. Yeah, this piece is awesome. Go on. Sorry, Dave. So we'll show how to do that. Thanks, John. And... Yeah, it's pretty wicked, eh, Marilyn? Hello, Jules from White Rock, BC. So how that was done with one of these molds and it's just an ice mold off of Amazon. So it's like hexagon silicone mold. So we'll be filling this up. And so of course we have the disposable little cups to mix up different colors in. Hey, Lauren Pickering. Cool. Hey, Pickering. Neighbors. Yeah, I'm from Ajax. It's the heart of Mosaic, John's asking. Yeah, I guess you would call it the Mosaic, yeah. You call it the Mosaic. Made out of all these little tiles that then we resin them all together. So this is interesting. Look at, Hannah's been playing with putting butterflies in resin. And the butterflies all got shipped with their wings closed. So she's been getting their wings open very carefully so the wings don't snap. So we'll have lots of stuff on butterfly casting to share with you soon. Yeah. But that's not today. Not today. We're going to fix this lamp. Or this isn't a lamp. This is a telescope. I found this at an antique show. Back when you could go to those. And it broke. So I'm just going to fix it with our resin because our resin is at its heart. It's an industrial adhesive. Angela says hi. Hi, Angela. I'm going to have a sip of coffee. Well, where's my coffee? Here it is. Okay. Let's see how much delight. Take a deep breath. We don't need to rush this. I always feel like we have to rush this. So if you have any questions, you can interrupt and we won't rush today. Okay. No rushing. Hannah, you're in charge of making sure that we do not rush and get out of hands. Okay. All right. Good afternoon. Della, Cheryl, Laura, everybody, Charri. Nate, hi everyone. So we're just going over what we're going to do today and then we're going to start doing it. So the next thing we were doing is we were experimenting with these. So these trinket dishes, their mold is matte. So it gives you a matte finish. And then we poured art resin over top to get it shiny again and it worked. But I'm just going on this one. I want to paint the inside this dark blue and then coat the outside and just kind of finish it up. And I'll actually take it home and use it. I'll put something in there. Coins. Yeah. Maybe I'll put coins in there. I don't use coins. No. No, no. I'm going to ask everybody to do debit cards. Yeah. What do you do with change when you're stuck with change? I give it to my daughter and she puts in her piggy bank. Anna, can you paint the inside of this color? Please and thank you. So great. Angela just wrote hot with exclamation points. Yeah. I don't know. What? Oh, we're talking about temperatures. Okay. Sorry, buddy. I'm looking forward to the butterfly casting. Yeah. I found a deceased monarch butterfly on the ground a few years ago and I've been saving it for a resin project ever since. Yeah, cool. Well, we've been doing, well, sorry, Hannah has been doing lots of experimenting research. We have lots of samples and we're just trying to figure out all the little details. But we'll share that with you. Oh, someone named Rebecca Zack said you are hot. Oh, thanks, honey. I'm not supposed to call her honey. No. She said I sound like my dad. Oh, awkward. Anyways, my 10-year anniversary. I still don't know what to do. It's coming up in a couple of weeks. No hot air balloon? She doesn't want a hot air balloon. Anyways, if you have any ideas about what to do for 10-year anniversaries, please post them in the comments below. Preferably something that you can just order online. What about a river table? Give my wife a river table? Or a river lamp? Okay, so we're working on lamps where this is all going to be resin. This is all going to be wood. And Hannah's been buying some different LED lights. And so we're going to be doing that. Today we're just going to finish sealing this and getting rid of all the loose pieces so that when we pour our casting resin, they'll be perfectly clear and there won't be any floaters. So we're getting close with that one. The next thing is, we're doing a lot of really neat stuff with mold making material. For example, we'll pour this one today, but it was just a strawberry we put in there. Can we see that? This is just half of a strawberry, but we have some really cool final ones. Oh, wow. Look at the detail on the actual... Yeah, and we've got pears and bananas and apples, but it's just been a really neat thing. So, with mold making, we're just getting into the basics here. There's two different main types of molds.  And they're both kind of their own art form. So we're going to be... we have a one-part mold, which is anything that has a flat surface. This is a diamond that just got poured over top. And you can pop it out and just fill it again. And as long as you have a flat top, you're fine. That's the easiest. And then the two-part mold, it all depends on the object. But we'll be getting deeper and deeper into two-part mold making. But that's when there's no flat side. Oh, so that's the strawberry right there. Yeah, and so the thing with two-part molds is you always have to consider the path, the hole for where your final material, your resin, is getting poured into. So you have to cast it with that in mind, right? Why is that? Oh, for pouring the actual... Because you have to be able to close your mold. And we'll go through that today and then pour, get it on the inside somehow, right? So we'll do that today. We've been experimenting with surfaces. We did glass and saw that art resin stuck to glass, no problem. And art resin sticks to metal, no problem. And the reason that is is because when you look like on a metal that's uncoated, when you look deep down, like with a microscope, you'll find that it actually has pores is what they were called. Metal has pores. You can't really see them. But that means that even if it feels like a really smooth resin, or sorry, a really smooth metal that isn't sealed, the art resin will stick to it very well. So these are aluminum panels with alcohol ink on them. And we're going to resin two of these. One of them, we're going to just leave the bottom normal and we'll have to sand off drips. The other one, I want to rub some silicone oil on the bottom and then hope that nothing sticks to it and then clean the oil up at the end. Whoa, we're doing a lot today. Oh man, holy smokes. Now this one's fun. This is, so this is the mold made out of a really strong plastic that will pop right off. We have this piece of wood from Jasmine. Thanks to Jasmine for that. And this is all a casting resin that we did last week. I'm a bit low. I didn't quite use enough material. Or this wood potentially floated up. Could be something, maybe the wood floated. We didn't seal this wood because I wanted to save a step. And that was a bad idea. You should always seal your wood. There's lots of bubbles, tiny little bubbles along the edge of where the wood in the resin met because the wood's doing some degassing and still some liquid in there. And so that's creating bubbles that aren't popping. So you always want to seal your wood. But I'm going to try and fix this one by, I'm going to sand this down all of it and then I'm going to pour a thin coat of, I'm going to try and make this exact color wood and a thin coat of that and then that will be the bottom of this jacuzzi board. That makes sense, yeah. So I think that might hide the bubbles a bit. So we're doing that and then we'll fill up this. Do we know if our resin sticks to plexiglass? It doesn't stick to plexiglass. That's a good one. We could do that. Actually, I see people making molds of the plexiglass and it will pop off. So yeah, I know it doesn't. There you go. Yeah. It definitely doesn't stick to plexiglass. So then this, maybe a frosted plexiglass. So this is our experimental pyramid. I'm just going to put salt in it because we have salt here. Just to see what happens when you put salt in resin. And then last, this is, so my son Xavier used to call porcupines, porcupineapples. He said pineapple, porcupine, porcupineapple. And I thought that was great. So I drew a sketch of it and then the website budzies.com. This video is brought to you from Budzies. Brought to you by budzies.com. And look what they did. So I got this, the porcupineapple. So you sent them the sketch that you made and they made that? Yeah, yeah. And it took along like a couple months. But isn't that cool? That's amazing. Yeah. All right, everybody, look out for Saturday Night Cartoons starring the porcupineapple. It's really clever. Come up with other names, guys. Everybody send in your other names. Porcupineapples and... I don't know. I don't know. Pairs, grapes. We'll have to... We'll have to put our... Think about it. Okay, so let's start. So, here's what we'll do. So, Hannah, can we mix up... Why don't we make an art resin side and then a casting resin side? So we're gonna fill these up and they will do a bunch of colors to show how to make some sort of mosaic like this heart here. Orangeutane. Orangeutane. No, that's terrible. Did you come up with that? Yeah, I'm trying to think too much here. I was trying to put a raptor and a kangaroo together. A raptor and a kangaroo? Yeah. Because both like their skeletons look similar. Wait, hold on. A raptor and a kangaroo? Yeah. But that's not... There's no fruit. But I just think that their skeletons look the same. So I'm trying to teach my kids that a lot of raptors are actually just a kangaroo. Just to mess with them. So it's just a descendant from the raptors. So there are dinosaurs living amongst us. Yeah, kangaroos are basically dinosaurs. There it is. Well, what about chickens? Chickens are dinosaurs, yeah. They have an S-shaped neck. And what else? That's the main reason. All right. Okay. So we're going to be coating this in... We'll do this in art resin too. Let's see how much art resin we'll need. We're going to be putting a bit more in here.  So they're dinosaurs according to Rebecca.  That's crazy. So we're learning so much today. So for this one, we're going to be pulling from... So again, if you go to art resin dot com slash mixing, I should write that on here. I'm going to get a marker and write that on here. I should put it on the front of the book. So it's this free color mixing guide. Yeah. And the blue is in there now too? Blue should be in there, unless this is an old one. If you go to art resin dot com slash mixing. Boom. You can get this one. So I'll put it on the cover. Art resin dot com slash mixing. We don't even ask for your email. You can just have it. Boom. Yeah. What else? Okay. So we're going to be pulling from this one neutrals. Okay. To try and come up with that one. All right. So where's neutrals? So this kind of gives us the basic formula. We're following that. So art resin, how much do we need? Are you putting art resin in there? Yeah, we're going to put art resin here too.  Like do two cups and two cups. That'll be 10s. There she is. Okay. So we got this cool mold. We're just trying out all different molds to find the best ones. And this one's pretty cool. We'll do a test today. Yeah. It's really solid. We're going to put it in a ridge here. Anyways, we're going to fill that up with the casting resin. Are you going to put an object in there? No, I think we'll just leave it clear. Just to test it all out. Not cool. I mean we could put an object in there. What would we put? Well, we've been doing flowers in the circles. Maybe we'll do clear like you just said. I'll grab a beetle. We'll put a beetle in there. Oh, we have a dead fish. Paperweight mold, Rebecca's saying. Paperweight mold. Oh, that's what it is. That's what it is, I guess. Yeah, yeah. Because we've got the flap on them. There you go. Okay. Just put a beetle in there. That'll be cool. And here it is. So, Hannah, pop quiz. How many minutes should you stir art resin for? Three. Night. Was there a question on the end of that? Hi, Dina. Okay. So, here we're in Ontario, Canada. And we're in what they're calling phase three of this COVID thing. You can go to restaurants and stuff. It's nice. Yeah. What are the names? Was it 111? 111 cases yesterday. That's what I read. In all of Canada? That's Ontario. Ontario. But I think that's getting there. I mean, if we can get to the double digits. Yeah. Well, art resins made in Texas. Yep. And all my goodness, the problems. Everything has a problem right now. Oh my goodness. Shipping Amazon. It's crazy. But we titled this video ideas, like creative ideas for you. And I thought that was just the best title. What do you think, Jeff? Absolutely. That's the greatest title. But what we're doing here is we're just trying out different art materials. And we're just trying them. And I find that to be really exciting. And every week I kind of look forward to, like, what are we going to... Like, you don't know what you're going to do, but you just have stuff and you make stuff and you feel good. And then you have in the back of your mind, you're solving problems. Like, how do I make a butterfly in resin, you know? Hello, Foley Alabama. She is mixing resin without a mask. Is it okay to use without a mask? Good question. So art resin has no VOCs and no solvents in it. So as long as you have what they call a ventilated area, as long as you're not in the small, tight closet, you're okay. And so for that reason we're able to sell it into education so they can use it in classrooms and stuff. So that is why art resin is one of the more expensive products. But it's because we want it to be perfectly clear. And so that meant buying the most expensive of every ingredient and then we wanted it to be safe. So that meant not adding anything into it to make the product cheaper. It's very easy to make an epoxy resin cheaper. But then you sacrifice safety and you can sacrifice, like, long-term clarity. So, yes, we've been using no respirator for our entire time since we made sure that we were making no VOC, no solvent epoxy resin. And we have lots of information online and you can ask lots of questions. Just to double back on what you said, though, that's so true, the good thing about it. Just even the example you were saying with the pyramid mold or just putting salt in here, why not? Let's experiment and see what happens with our resin. It might be a fail, but you know what? Now we know. Maybe it's going to be a cool effect. Who knows? Okay, so we're going to fail. We have to prepare this two-part mold of a strawberry. So, Hannah, can you do that? You're kind of like the expert right now. So, Hannah's just going to tape this back together, basically, because some other resin's going to kind of seep in between here, but you just don't want it spilling out. And then pull that. And that's enough for today. We'll do this one another time. What's that one? This is a skull. Oh, right, nice. It's a fancy skull, but that will be a bit more work. We've got lots to do. So, I'm going to do two of these. We'll put them up on stands. We'll coat them in art resin. Oh, and we're fixing this telescope. Yeah, sweet. Hello, Dale Hawkins. Hey, Dale, welcome. Dale Hawkins. Good name. We're just trying to move slower this week. There's no rush. That's it. But we've got a lot to do. But once we get all set up, it'll go relatively fast. It's mostly setting up and prepping. So, I'm looking for stands and a foam brush. Clear stands? Like resin stands, you know? Oh, resin stands. Oh, sorry. I don't know where any are. Here we are. Good ones. I need six of them. One more. Six. Six. Please and thank you, Jeff. So, we're getting a puppy on Saturday. What? And we'll bring the puppy in next week. Oh, nice. Really? Yeah. Next Wednesday, you'll have him here? Next Wednesday, her. It's going to be her, yeah. Is your kid's name yet? No, we're waiting on meeting the puppy and stuff. But Rebecca has the name. It's like a very on-the-nose name. Some golden retrievers. Rebecca is not happy that you blew the surprise. Something golden. Oh, yeah. My mom. My mom's watching. We weren't telling her. I'm getting a dog, mom. She tells me not to. She says, we're too busy. Come on. You need to get a dog, too. Ridiculous. Okay. So, anyways, I'm going to flip this over. This one, what I'll do is I'm going to... What am I doing? I'm just walking around. So we're putting stands. We're going to resin these guys. Yeah, I'm going to put an S on this one. What do you mean? Oh, okay. S. So we know that this is the one with silicon on oil. Okay. And I'm hoping that will just repel the resin so there'll be no drops on the bottom. Okay. But I don't want to get any of this oil on anything else. Right. Because silicon oil repels resin. Right. Which is why it's very strange that people are mixing it into their resin. Well, I guess that creates a lot of the cells, right? Yeah. Yeah, but it just doesn't make sense for the long term. Okay. What am I looking for? I'm looking for a brush. Rebecca likes your bracelets. Thank you. Zoe made this for me. She said you can make it bigger or smaller. It's made out of pipe cleaner. She didn't know what color I liked, so she went with green. What's your favorite color? Blue. And you? I'm... I don't know. I'm still figuring it out. Really? I know what yours is. Yellow. That's Rebecca's favorite color, too. It's the best one. Hello, Carolyn Montreal. Hey, Carolyn Montreal. You're doing well. How about an octopine for your critter, which is a derivative of some amino acids? Whoa, Dale. Throw in a big one. What was it again? Octo... An octopine. Octopine. I gotta think about that. Octopus. What's some other fruits? What's that one with all the red... A spiky octopus? Dragon fruit? No. What's the one where you pull the little red seeds out all the time? Pomegranate. Pomegranate. Come on. Okay, palm. Is there another animal that ends in palm? Or... Hey, Brandy Burger. Brandy Burger. Brandy Burger. Pomegranate. Pomegranate. Pomegranate. Pomegranate. Isn't there a dog at palm? Yeah. There's something there. Okay, so that's completely crushed with silicone oil. Okay. And now we're just gonna pour resin on both of these. So the goal is to find it then, yeah. So when we peel off the resin next week, we'll know if these ones come off easily. Yeah. With the silicone versus ones that are just on the middle. Okay. And this one's gonna... Pomeranian.  A Pomeranian. So a... It doesn't work though. Can't end and start. Okay. How are we doing here? Sorry. Is that everything? We have everything? Everything we need? So this is painted. This is done. Okay. So Hannah's taped this two-part mold up of the strawberries. So we're gonna... Let's mix up some casting resin. Like maybe just do like half of that. Or even less. One and a half. Do you want... One and a half? Yeah. One and a half total. All right. Okay. So that's done. So to get these ones ready. Yes, John. We could use painter's tape. Absolutely. That is definitely a tip that we've used. For the bottoms. But I think Dave's just experimenting to try different things. Well, the problem with this one. Well, the best stuff I've found is normal packing tape. And that was thanks to someone that was watching. And that's why I'm wearing these cotton gloves because of someone that was watching. So actually that was a question from last week in the comments. Where do you get these cotton gloves? And honestly, it just was Amazon. I typed in reusable cotton gloves. Or disposable cotton gloves. Disposable white cotton gloves. It was that easy. That's it, eh? Amazon, it brings it right to you. There you go. Okay.  At first I thought this was a crazy waste of gloves. But when you're like doing resin work somewhere in the heat.  So this is that. I actually really like this. Okay. Laura says, yes, watching you experiment is much cheaper than me trying. Yeah. Yeah. And if you want me to try anything, we can get it and figure it out. Essential oils. She wants us to experiment with. Like mix essential oil into resin. I don't know. Maybe I guess. Okay. Let's do that right now. We'll put it in here with salt. Rebecca, can you get some essential oils? Tracy probably has some in her desk. Jessica got like some for Christmas last year. She has some sitting there. Right next to her granola. And already lab wants us to resin over old lace. Oh, that's cool. Okay. I'll write that down. So what were those things? Essential oils. Essential oils and old lace. Essential oils. Why don't we, why don't we make like a block of resin in it with the essential oil and mix it up and then see if like you can have this object that smells or something. Whoa. Essential oils and what was the other one? Old lace. Old lace. I'll ask my grandma to knit me something. Oh, we want it old. Here comes the oil. See it. Look at that right in the desk. Yeah, Tracy. Yeah. It was like two years ago. Everyone got an oil diffuser for Christmas. Nice. It was a big, yeah. Okay. That's a great idea. Imagine if this worked. It would revolutionize everything basically. Oh, the world would change. That's a nice shape for a smelling object. Whoa. A tombstone. It might end up smelling like that. A hexagon shape. Sure. Okay. That's cool. So this is lemon actually. So we're going to get crazy and we're going to, we'll do a, we'll do like different potencies of essential oil and label them. All right. Laura is jumping up and down.  We don't want to get hurt. That's it. Take some deep breaths. We're excited too. Yeah. Sorry. Excuse me. Phone call is coming in. Oh, we're live. So hopefully that didn't cut out. Anyways. Okay. So I'm just going to figure out how to hold this on here. I'll probably, I'll just use some tape. Excuse me, Hannah. I'm going to use just a, just a plain old masking tape. Yeah. Essentially our resin is like the strongest glue, right?  Reminding us to always reach for the stars. My kids always say they love mommy more than all the stars in the sky. Really? Yeah. Lane. Right. We're a daddy. I'm not a daddy. Yeah. Okay. So how to do this without getting too filthy? No. Oh, everything's so filthy. Oh, you could get Rebecca a star. For what? For your anniversary. Like a real star. Oh yeah. You got like a certificate. Yeah. No, I think that's done too much. It had its time. It had its time. Good idea though. Still searching. That is a good idea. For 10 years married. I'm looking, what am I even looking for? This. Nice brandy. That's good. Glad you're into the resin. Yeah. It is fun. Okay. So I'm just doing this with a obstacle stick. Rebecca's not into the star anyways. It's not happening. This is really good. I have my wife on this. So she can kind of let me know if I'm on the right track. What day is the anniversary? Oh, I don't know. Next? I don't know. August. Is it not 13th is it? No. I have no clue. I just know it's coming up. Okay. So let's get started. We're resigning our first object. Okay. Which is this telescope. And how am I going to do this? Hannah, can I hold this and you just tape the heck out of it? Please? Let's use this tape and just like over the top in both directions. Sorry, Jules. I know we cut it once but I don't think we've cut it again. I'm not sure. I'm pretty sure we're still rolling here. Here we go. So just right now they're taping it on just to keep it in place while the resin will cure and harden and keep it on there nice and solid. Yeah. I've been meaning to do this for so long. So would you recommend that this one you could take off after 24 hours or would you leave it for the 72? No, I'd just take it off tomorrow. Yeah. It'll be fine. It'll be fine. I think after the 24 hours you're like 99% or more cured and then it continues that little bit for the next five to seven days even something. Okay. So that's one thing then. I'm going to check stuff off of that checklist. That's what lists are for, right? To check them off? Yeah. Okay. So we fixed our telescope. Trinket dish. We painted it inside. Coat again. Coat wood. Okay. We're coating the wood. Mold-making material. Aluminum metal. Sand to the board. Okay. We should sand that stuff. In the pyramid we got a sign. We talked about porcupine apple and we had, what was the one? Something pine? An octopine? Octopine. What's up there? So it's an octopus mixed with a... I don't know. It just sounds cool. Hannah, could you put a little bit in each of these and we'll just do a bunch of different colors? And we'll make these hexagons and then next week we'll show you how we attach them together. And again, this is something that Josie Lewis came up with. So all credit to her. She's a wonderful friend. She's a wonderful friend. And she's very creative. What's the sand between resin layers if you're doing a flat art piece or can you do a second layer without sanding? Ooh, good question. I would always sand. I've had pieces where I didn't sand. Well, I've had one piece where I didn't sand and then somehow through like handling it, it's separate, peeled away from each other. That only happened once to me, but I always sand because of that. Even like, watch what we're going to do. Like, I'll show you what's enough sanding. It's not much extra work. Here's all you have to do. We've got a little bit of sandpaper and I'm just going to, like, that's it. That's it. That's enough. There's lots of stuff for it to grab onto there. And I mean, that's enough dust really. It's all going to disappear when you put the next coat of resin on it. So I'm going to do the same thing. Perfect timing for that question. Yes, always sand. I'm just going to scuff all this off too. Because we're going to mix up. You know, Laura, that's the hard part. Like, porcupine apple works so well because it leads to each other. It leads to each other. That's the hard thing to get. I know. I got porcupineapple.com. Thank God. Nailed it. I know. You could, in theory though, you could, yes, do a layer after three to four hours. Oh yes, good point. Good point, Jeff. Thank you. Jeff's totally right. If you wait two to four hours when the resin is still like a gel, then you pour then, then the layers will fuse together enough. So you can do that, which is better than waiting the whole day. So that's roughed up enough too. All right.  So this is our colored drawer. Yeah. I just come up with some sort of palette with when they're all put together. It'll be, it'll look nice together, you know. We could make like a little, we'll make, well, do enough. We'll make like a little coaster out of all these or something. Then we can coat the whole thing. And there you go. I would guess online on Amazon for the Hexagon mold. Yes, exactly. Hexagon silicone mold. Just type that in. And you'll find there's like 20 options. Okay. Ready? Hold on, I'm coming. Let me get a better shot. I'm going to get a good pour shot. Which one are you going at? I'll go here first. So again, this is alcohol ink on aluminum. And the resin is something nice with the aluminum. It just adds another like extra glow to it. When there's light reflects off of it underneath the resin. So if you're doing like this type of stuff, you want some of the best parts or where you have to empty, right? The problem is Rebecca did these because she was experimenting. And Rebecca said it's hard because it's so easy to just cover the whole thing and make a mess. Like if you want to be good like this, I think the trick is to just do very little. Like and you're done. Right? Okay, so I'm going to spread or spread this out. Nice. The colors are really. Yeah, it's gorgeous. And you can even see like at the edge how it's kind of domed there. So this one, I'm going to try and do that. I'm going to be a bit more careful with this one and just push it to the edge and try and make it dome. So that we don't have much sanding to do on the other side. That makes sense. Hannah, what color are you thinking? What's like, what's in this year? I'm starting with the yellow. Let me guess, yellow. Oh yes, yellow. That's her color. I knew it. Surface tension is your friend, Dave. This is Rebecca. Surface tension is your friend. What's that mean? I suppose she's referring to something we're talking about and I don't know. Is that a hint about wanting to get her for 10 years? Oh yeah. I just think I got to get diamond earrings. What? What do you think? Rebecca? Rebecca, if you can just comment below. Diamond earrings for a 10 year anniversary. Let us know. Yeah, I'm sure she'll say no. No. Yes, please. Okay, there you go. Look at that. That's beautiful. I'm still going to torch it even though I don't think we have to. Oh, the surface tension of the resin allows you to dome without going off. Oh, thank you, Miss Ph.D. Rebecca has a Ph.D. Did you know that? We do now. So she pulls out this stuff. Okay, ready? So we're going to put some salt here. Here we go. Just in the big pile, like that. So after you've scratched the surface, this is what we call pouring salt in the wounds. Do you have it there? Anybody? Nothing? Okay. So we're going to use this casting resin and this is much thinner like water. Thank you, Rebecca. And we're going to pour this right into the salt. Oh, look at that. This is cool. Everyone's doing it, Joe. Thank you, Cindy. Thank you, YFL Art. See, people are laughing at the jokes. We're trying. Dad humor never fails. All right. What is happening? That looks like a skull from this view. Oh, that was cool for a second. So I didn't know if it would dissolve or stay there. Agenine. Okay. So, hmm, these ones we were going to mix up some scent, right? We're going to make lemon scented resin and see if that works. Look at the big bubbles that are coming too. Such a good idea. So what was that? Oh, yeah. We're going to do the essential oils here. Yeah. So how are you going to do a premix or? Yeah, I'm going to premix it all up. Okay. And then we're going to do the secondary. Whoever thought of this. Like this is, I'm going to do four different, I'm going to do four different strengths. Oh, wow. You're really going at it. Okay. Cool. Yeah. Do you want shock glasses? No. Okay. All right. So we're just going to pour. Oh, this is a casting resin. Do I need this for anything? Oh, I need all this. Oh, that's it. Yeah, there's a resin. Okay. So we're going to go and we want to test this ball. Can you fill this up or whenever you're done that? Okay. Just don't let me forget. No, with thick. Thanks, Stephanie. With thick cast. I'm just going to do that right now. Yep. Do you think I should tape around the edge? I would, yes. Afterwards? Yeah. I think. Well, you know what? I mean, well, we can pour it and see. Okay. Oh, no, we should. Oh, let's pour it and see because that's the easiest way. Okay. We always want to find the easiest way to do anything. But why? Why do it the hard way? So anybody just join us? This is a two-part sphere. It's like a paperweight, but it breaks in the middle to peel it apart. So we're deciding if there's going to be a leak in the middle or not. Thanks, Nancy. Nancy's complimenting you today. Say you are so creative. Oh, thanks, Nancy. I couldn't do it without you, Nancy. I couldn't do it. I'd just be talking into a phone to no one. There you go. Yeah. Oh, it's really cool doing this every week. Nancy is laughing out loud. Oh, good. Yeah, I was driving into this morning and saying, okay, what are we going to do? And I'm like, oh, we can do this and this. And I was excited and happy to have this. So thanks for watching. A lovely lady named Andrew Zaks. What a great video, entertaining and educational. Oh, mom. Shucks. Stephanie's never missing these ever again because they're great and creative. Oh, good. Stephanie, yeah. And if you have anything that you want tested, just leave a comment. Let us know. Someone made a comment about the essential oils that probably won't work, but probably. Why won't it work? We're going to give it a shot. Yeah. Why won't it work? I don't know. Like, yeah. We'll find out. That's the best part. Okay. Maybe don't do as we do, but do what you love. Yeah. Yeah. I think I'm going overboard with the resin. I bought two gallons a month and a half ago and I'm almost finished with it. I'm going to start looking for a coupon or discount code or I'm going broke. Oh, no. No. Just sell all those brilliant things you're making. Yeah. Hello. Okay. Tecal Painter. So we have four different things. We do have a skull, Stephanie. A skull? Should we do the skull today? I don't know if we have any, we haven't poured enough probably, but. We could mix more. We could do it. I want to do it. Or we could put it on the list next week. Let's see how we go here. Oh, no. Oh, I need more. Is that that? Okay. Thank you. Okay. Look at that. Delicious, hey? So that's just some yellow. So that's a. You should add some. That's an oil based colorant too. If you add it in white to make it more opaque, then you can have like a little bit of white and more and then more and then more to go along with the more. Okay. So we can tell. Okay. So we can tell. It'll be like a sign. Exactly. And then more. And the most. A lot. Okay. Okay. Okay. So let's see how fast this comes out or slow. Whoa. Whoa. That was public. That was, no, I was about 10. It came out a lot. 10. Okay. So we're under 15 or 20 in the next one. Oh, 20. Oh, that smells so good. That's a lot. It does smell nice. So we got 10, 20, 30, 31. Whoa. 8, 10. Whoa, whoa, whoa. Here we go. 20. No, I know. Oh, yeah. I think so. Yeah. That's more than 40. Oh, for sure. Okay. Okay.  In the meantime, what else can we do? So this is ready to pour. This is ready to pour. We're going to make a diamond in here and we're going to put some ink sinker in there to make the diamond look like, you know, and then what's this one? The strawberry. Why don't we put a, we'll make a red strawberry. Oh, yeah. Okay. And we have, that's all the casting doesn't mean anything. Well, is this, did this, so we got to top this up too, I think. Is it leaking? No, but it's just like it's not right to the, do you want to go right to the top, like to the top of the hole? Cause it does always, we found that it does. Well, Rebecca wants to leave a little gap so it has a flat bottom so it can sit. We're not going to make a curve. Does that have a natural flat bottom? I think it's perfectly right. Oh, okay. So we'll just leave it like that. Okay. Okay. So I went to your popsicle sticks, got distracted. Sorry? Forgot. Back to the sticks. Okay. There we go. So. We're, we're live again. I think we just had, Dave's very popular because a lot of calls. My phone calls, yeah. Awesome. I'm excited. Okay. What do we got? First, let me just visit here for a second. Look at you. Look at that color. What do you got there? What did you mix in there? So we got some metallic gold there. Is that pearl? Yeah. Nice. Yellow. Someone just fell off their chair upstairs. That's okay. Happens all the time. Dave's got it mixed up. You can't really say this. They all look the same. That doesn't work at all. Actually, yeah. This one looks the latest. Yeah. That's the latest. Here we go. So this is neon, resonant and essential oil. Okay. Let me do it half here. One, two, three, four. Okay. I'll do two of each. Two. So this is the number of twos. We got to remember. Yeah. I'll label them all. So this is 20. Fulte. And oh, look at that. Nice. Okay. This is fun. And then 40, the big one. Yeah. Okay. We got lots left. I'm going in for the smell test. Oh yeah. Oh, I smell it, man. You can smell it. Oh, yeah. It's very strong. Okay. I'm going to pour. Hannah, how did you get the resonant into the strawberry mold? Just very carefully. I don't remember. Or is there a funnel or something? I think I tried pouring it. What brand is the EO? What's the EO? Oh, essential oil. We did aroma force. Aroma force, lemon, flavor, scent, whatever. All right, Dave's doing a gentle pour. This is for the strawberry. Any problem, Laura? That'd be really neat if it worked. Oh, I wanted it red. Oh. Okay, I'm going to pour it out. Oh. I'm sorry. I didn't catch it before you poured it. No, no. Thanks for catching it. Thank you. No big call. You can then tape it and I'll tape it back if that helps. That'll be fine. This is good stuff. How often do you get to see this kind of stuff? Okay. So what did I do with that extra yellow, too? Well, we got our piece over here. Yeah, let's put it on there. Oh, we'll make some little discs. Oh, yeah. Okay. You want to fill those up? Sure. Okay. Fill that up and I'm going to mix up some red. Okay. One of these. I don't know. So I don't need very much for this little strawberry. I'm going to add, do I want it to be brighter? Or that's a nice strawberry, right? It's pretty good. I'm just going to attach a white to make it more opaque. I don't want it to be too bright. You know, we've done this before.  Yeah, so if you want more opaque, you add some white. Does that look like a strawberry? What do you think? I don't think that's so pink. So how do I make it not so pink? I think that's pretty good, though. What? A touch of green? Oh, yeah. Maybe. Here, I'll take a tiny bit from your thing. I remember hearing that on... Black. Laura says black. Black? Okay. Is that black or what's that? That's dark blue. Yeah, everybody's saying I add black. Wow. I'm not good at this color mixing theory stuff. I know the basics, but that's why I like the... Yeah, Stephanie, we're here every Wednesday at one o'clock. So come. Yeah, every Wednesday at one o'clock. She's got a pond, though. Oh, that's tough to beat the pond, but hey. What do you mean? I know she says she's usually outside by her pond or whatever, but she doesn't want to miss these. Yeah, come every Wednesday at one o'clock, join us, and send us a picture of the pond. Yeah, you need to... Just a touch of black. Just a touch. You need to get Wi-Fi out of your pond. Oh, yeah. So you just can be connected everywhere. Found it. It's clogged up. Just a little. Oh, too much. I ruined it. I ruined it. I went and ruined it. We're going to mix... I'm going to try and scoop up some black, because I went and ruined it. What a disaster. How embarrassing. Koi pond. Cool. All right, there. That's kind of cool. I guess. Salt, black resin tint. Okay. All right. Here it goes. Did you mix it? Ah, no. I thought it would be needed for maybe marbled a bit, too. Okay, sure. It's going to be a funky stripper. And how did you do this? Did you use your dropper? Yeah, I think I poured it for... I think I did that for a little bit. The dropper might be a good idea, eh? Yeah. It takes a while, but it works. No, there's a lot to go in there. Yeah, the dropper is the way to go. Sounds disgusting, though. My children would be just giggling away. Oh, you're filling up these guys? Yes. Oh, David, you're thinking what you're going to make a coaster with this? Yeah, sweet. We'll put them, arrange them and... Yeah, and then just resin it together? Resin them together, sand it down, do a final resin coat over the top and... Good question, Michael. How do you clean the dropper after done?  It's a done deal, I think, yeah. Or I guess you could squeeze up alcohol. I think some of them have been used and we've just been using them again. Oh, okay. Oh, yeah? Okay. I was squeezing from the top all the way down to the bottom. Just squeeze everything out and you can use it again? Yeah. Oh, yeah, cool. You can try it. You can try squeezing as much as possible. And David was also saying maybe you can throw some alcohol in there. Yeah, like squeeze up alcohol, shake it, spin it out. Yeah. Otherwise, these things are... We've got, I think, a giant pack of them for pretty cheap, right there. I think they're on Amazon. Yeah. More stuff on Amazon. I think they're on Amazon, eh? I feel like I'm a surgeon. Le-mon-ki. Le-mon-ki? Lemon. Lemon-mon-ki? Oh, that's good. Le-mon-ki? Sounds like French, so it's like Le-mon-ki. Yeah. There we go. Le-mon-ki. Lemon-ki.  Hey, Louise. Was that yours you came up with, Jeff? I just came up with it, yeah. Oh, wow.  I was just looking at the artwork. This is Rebecca's artwork, right, David? Yeah. Because these are really cool. So that's wall plaster on canvas. Wall plaster on canvas. Yeah, because you can see the... You scrape into the wall plaster. That's so cool. Rebecca used to just pump those out and then she had a couple of art shows. Cherry. Cherry is a thing. Cherry. Cherry. Thanks, Louise. It helps because pineapples and porcupines are both spiky, too. Oh, it's perfect. It's perfect. I know. It is. It's almost like one was named after the other afterwards. Someone was like, oh, that looks like a porcupine. Yeah, you're probably right. You're probably right. Yeah. It was too large. I think we have to make these porcupine apples a bit smaller. Too big? Yeah. And someone called it a hedgehog. Oh, yeah. I was like, yeah, I see your point. Spiky. I don't really like the smile either. It's not cute enough. We got to play with the shape of the head. Oh, it needs to be cuter? Oh, dude, that's totally cute at times. No. No, it's not cute enough, man. No? I don't know. We can do way cuter. Yeah? Oh, yeah. I guess if you were a porcupine apple, you'd be pretty happy. I think so. I don't know. Unless you're... Unless those lemon keys were always after you. Lemon key. Hey, Cass. Hey, Cass. Oh. Wow, this thing just keeps going. Oh, check over potentially in one of these bins here. Blow dryer? Yeah, I'm pretty sure I put them in the same one. See? Rebecca's got to do it here. We're experimenting with resin. We're doing colored resintents here. We're making little molds to create something like Josie Lewis made for us. It's hot. So like a... Yeah. What's it called? Like a montage? Oh. Oh, we heard a bang upstairs. Is that what it was? Oh, no. Maybe he needs a porcupine apple. Yeah. See if there's three and he's built his water and broke a glass. Okay. So what else are we doing here? Whoa, that's a dark strawberry. Yeah, I messed up. That's ripe strawberry. That's okay. Overripe. It's ready to go. So what else are we doing here? I was gonna... I got to change my gloves. Okay. Why don't I... Okay. So we don't have very much stuff left. So we're just gonna forget about that diamond for now. Okay. And we have this art resin. I'm gonna mix the color of this wood to finish off this jacuzzi board. All right. And I don't know if I have enough. So we're gonna find a kind of color. Ooh, yeah, that's pretty thin, right? Mm-hmm. Okay. So I'm gonna add this as neon yellow and white. So maybe this board will even smell. So I'm adding all this. We're gonna try and make a sand color. Oh, wow. And neon yellow and white are some of the... Yeah, I could call. ...factors. Yeah, because it's more neon green and pink and a lot of white. Do you want the basic one? I guess you wanna kind of go more towards the basic. Yeah, and I think with this wood, it's very yellow-y. So I'll be adding a lot of yellow. Okay. And neon pink and neon green. And white. Is that neon green? Yeah. Sweet. So we have some neon green here. Just do a little bit. And then we can always add these crazier colors. And then here's some neon pink. Nine or so. And white. More white. Okay. That's ink sinker. Yeah. So we made these big balls of white just because you do tend to go through a lot more white. Okay. Another stir stick. Good. So have we done everything? With this? Oh, we wanted to... Do you think you can maybe get a brush and try and coat with the rest of the stick? Just coat all the wood. So with this lamp that we're making, this one, it's very much an experiment. But we didn't finish pre-sealing all this wood just so that there's no reaction when we do the final coat and fill it all the way up. Then we're gonna have to take this to the table saw and we'll be just probably cutting this mold right off. Did you cut that right in there or fit right in there? It fit right in there. Oh no, I built it for this. I built this mold for this wood. Yeah. Okay. Thank you very much. So we just want to completely seal it so that the next coat won't react with the wood. So I'm mixing up sand. How long has this been? This is awesome. 55 minutes, 54 minutes. 54 minutes. Wow. You're gonna use that stir? Yeah. This is a lot. We always do so much stuff. This is actually, I think for like the last couple of weeks we've actually been on like half an hour. Oh, this is really pink. Oh boy. I don't like this at all. What do I do? We add more neon yellow. And green. And green. Oh my goodness. So what happened? We had too much pink in there, right? Too much pink. And I think too much white. But you know what? That's life. That's life. That's life. Yup. Sometimes there's just too much neon pink. And there's no going back either. There's no going back. So you just got to keep your stick on the ice. Right? That's right. Okay. Keep on. Keep it on. So we're just adding to this. This will give our painting a nice lemon scent. Oh. Which you'll want to do. Laura does not want us to point on the wood. Port on the wood, but I don't know. She doesn't want us to point on the wood? We're going to find out. No Laura, this is a really good idea. It's a really good idea. Trust me. There's still a couple more steps, but by the end you'll say, Oh wow. Cass says, In art there is no mistake. In train. As, I don't know what to say. Picasso? Not Picasso. No, I wouldn't know anything about that. John Madden? Well done. Pulling out a football reference. Well done. Yeah. As John Madden would say, You got to put the ball over here and put the ball. The ball? John Madden? Oh yeah, he has football. I thought it was hockey. Okay. Well, are we just going for it? No, I'm looking at the color. Okay. It's very peach. You know what? We've actually almost gotten to peachy news. So what do I do? You think more green? More green. We're still going to try for it. We're not giving up your people. Can I use this dark green? We're going to try and get that brown. I'm going to add some dark green. Oh, we're going for dark green. Yeah. Look at this. Those can go in the... Oh. It's still super peachy. Yeah, it's peachy. More green? Yeah. Yeah, more green. I don't know. Okay. More green. Fine. I'm going to overdo the green now, though. You know what? In one of each of these, I'm going to put a little green center and then put some ink sinker in it. Good. Oops. Wait. Shouldn't let me do stuff like this. Okay. That's cool. Okay. So that's just going to push, pull the green down into it just for fun. Okay. This is the last color I'm going to add and I'm just saying it's good enough. Look, I added too much green. Oh, man. What do I do now? Add more yellow? Add more pink? Enjoy your shamrock shake. Shamrock shake. Can I squeeze in here again, please? Okay, so we're adding more pink. Okay, that's looking great. Yeah, just keep coating it and coating it.  What's happening here? Pink. What's happening? Oh, you're coating that up nice. Now it's too much pink. Now we're back to pink. Oh, dude.  That's what everybody's saying on Line 2. You're squeezing too much.  I start to rush. Well, it's... I just think like it's a live video. You need to be entertaining. It's kind of like... What are you doing now? Making color. Oh, man. Oh, Lord. But in the end, it's going to be perfect. Okay, what about maybe some yellow? Maybe no. Also. Oh, Rebecca's saying add blue. Blue. Okay. Thanks, Rebecca. Now she's saying add blue like with exclamation points and all caps. Okay. So we better do it. Do we have any more silica sand? Yeah. Okay, great. Great. Yellow and red will give you orange. Here comes the blue. Couple drips. Very good. Okay. Controlled. Green is yellow and blue. We had to call it in-hand. You want straight blue. I don't know how to mix color. I just buy them all. Yeah, just buy them all. Yeah. They're getting there. Yeah, good. But who would have thought neon pink, green, neon yellow, and white would give you brown. And now even blue. Yeah, that doesn't mean... I guess when you just add all the colors together, you get brown. That is the thing. They always say like... Nor jasmine used to say that. Just it gets brown. Of course. How are we looking? Let's see. There we go, everybody. What are you thinking? It's good enough. Pour it on. I think, team? Pour it on. It's good enough. It's very sandy colored now. I'd say, yeah. Yeah. Are we just going for it? Yeah, we're going for it. Okay, this is scary. Oh, it's done. Whoa. Oh, beautiful. Rebecca wanted more blue. Well... We're going for it. I would have done more blue, too. You would have done more blue, too? Yeah. So let's add blue and we'll kind of swirl it around. No! It's okay. Just do it. It could look cool. No. No. We might need to do another layer. Butterscotch, yeah. Oh, we don't even have enough? Oh, man. Yeah, are we ever going to match that color? Yeah. I'm not going to have it. Chocolate milk, yeah. Kind of. Bailey's. Yes, that's it. Bailey's. Yes. All right. So one more point on this piece. Mm-hmm. I'll just show you that Hannah's been researching different lights and stuff. I filled this crack. And I think we're almost done. Hey. Oh, I want to coat the outside of this, too, just to bring the shine back. Mm-hmm. All right. All right. Yeah. See? Because resin takes on the texture of the mold. It takes on the texture of the mold that you use. So the mold was matte because the original object was matte. Does that make sense? Yep. So if I just want it to be shiny, I'm just going to do that. Let it sit. Call it a day. Okay. So this is done. Just leave the resin containers upside down. All these different colors. We'll put on our floor painting. That keeps evolving over time with all our scraps. We need to get more stuff near the edges here. White. White. Orange. More blue. We have this dark, terrible strawberry red. But the mold of the strawberry, we have one of the strawberries upstairs. It even made all the little green leaves on the strawberry. It's just so cool. I think it's on Tracy's desk. But I'm excited to do a gold pear. Is that something to do, right? Absolutely. Okay. Anything else we need to do here? This is filled. We're not doing the diamond. I wanted to put some silica sand on something. Tracy was saying that if you want to put resin on floors, one way to do it is you pour your epoxy on the floor and then you sprinkle silica sand on top of it. And it gives it a very nice texture. So do we have any resin left at all? So let's put it on that cutting board. Okay. No? All right, we'll just cover all of it. Get it all covered. Have we done everything we need to do? Two cantaloupe. Two cantaloupe? Two cantaloupe. Two cantaloupe. Sorry. Two cantaloupe. Yeah. When you have to picture the body as the shape of the cantaloupe and a two cantaloupe, you could put a big beak on a cantaloupe and then you can't fly because it's just so heavy. Yeah. And so it's kind of sad. Two cantaloupe. And so the monkey and porcupine apple. The monkey. Try to help him fly. Find his wings. Sorry. So I'm just going to start sprinkling silica sand over here. What is this? So what do you do? What is this doing? I don't know. Okay. I'm just experimenting with textures. Again, that's because Tracy said that if you do flooring, you sprinkle silica sand over top of it. I mean, so I just want to see what this feels like after. And I wanted to upset everyone that's watching. And you want to upset them? Yeah. Because they're like, don't put more on there. So I thought this was really... The only way we had textured television and everybody could feel it next week. Yeah. But we'll show it to you next week. There. Look at this. Be sure to ask for it. Don't mind us in case we forget, but we should be okay for that. Okay. We did it. Round of applause. Wow.  Thanks for watching. Again, happy to have you here. It motivates us to come back to the studio and just do stuff. Every Wednesday at one o'clock. And if you have any comments or questions, put it below. And I hope you stay safe. And I found that making things is really helpful during this time. So just buy some materials you've never used before and play with them. Goodbye.


Okay, so let's get into Stoic logic and physics before we get into the ideas just a brief Timeline about the scale of Stoicism and the developments that happen within stoicism. So, you know It starts before 300 BC the founding of the school by Zeno of Kyrtium, but then it develops over the next 500 years or so and in the last couple of weeks of the class we're going to be focused on writings by a Roman Stoic named Seneca and several of you wrote scholar assignments about a book I think by Pierre Hadoe on the inner citadel about Marcus Aurelius a very late stoic. So most of the ideas that we read about in for today on stoic logic and physics was describing Greek stoic theories so closer to this end and We think of stoicism as being one Systematic philosophy that there's some there's some way to say, you know What every true statement within the system is and so forth and what all it's committed to But in fact there are developments of course in the school over time different interests Responding to different needs different crises different kinds of students different languages writing in Latin causes a lot of Problems for translating, you know Greek had been developing a sophisticated scientific language over 500 or a thousand years earlier Writers in Latin had none of that nothing of it and had to take it all over from the Greeks. And so this is a big period of transition and translation and information in a way of stoicism into these later Schools, so we have to we have to keep in mind the development and there used to be a tendency to talk about early Stoicism and in sort of middle stoicism with postodonias and then you know late Stoicism with these Roman figures like the Seneca and Marcus Aurelius That way of talking and that periodization has fallen out of favor because it isn't really Possible to draw very bright lines here and these weren't categories that the actors themselves used They thought they were just doing stoicism Not late stoicism or something like that And so there is a sense again in which it's a unified philosophy in fact so unified that though they Recognize the traditional tripartite division of philosophy into logic physics and ethics They develop these various kind of analogies to the way that these parts are Interactive interdependent and cohesive so they compare philosophy to an organism whose bones and sinews are logic whose soul is physics and whose flesh and Muscle is ethics Now I'm not sure what exactly all that means or how that's supposed to be interpreted or interpreted or understood Actually, it's not Michael since you are working on the idea of Systematicity in philosophy it occurred to me that it might be a good idea for you to look into what exactly the Stoics are doing with these images of highly Unified philosophy whatever it means and whatever the significance of these different parts Related to these different parts The idea is that there's an organic unity of it that the organism as it were can't exist or subsist Without all of the parts Interacting well together, and so they also have an even more bizarre image of an egg which is a sort of proto Organistic Analogy where logic is the shell Physics is the yoke and ethics is the white part surrounding The yoke and one would have to get into and figure out what their views about embryology and so forth were as a matter of biology and physics I think in order to unpack that Analogy and then a bit more homely of a comparison to a garden where logic is the walls You have around the garden physics or the fields or the flower beds And then ethics is the fruit or produce that comes out of this Now again, not sure what these images are supposed to convey But the only point I need to make with them now is them stressing the tight unity and interdependence of all of these Parts of velocity and also the fact that they can be Distinguished into parts we could we really can analyze an egg into those three different parts But at the same time it's all part of one entity one being Now one thing interesting about Stoics and this has to do with the development of the school over a long period of time is that Stoics had different conceptions about the order in which the parts of philosophy should be taught So some of the early people the founder Zeno and chrysopis the most important developer of stoicism as a systematic scientific Philosophy chrysopis thought that the proper order was to study logic first then physics then ethics Perhaps the idea being if you can't reason because you haven't studied logic How are you going to reason about physics or ethics? And so we need to get certain Preliminaries about reasoning out of the way before we can move on to these other subjects, but Diogenes of tolmaeus had a pretty good Argument and saying look look we got to do ethics first because we can't even let these people out on the street until we give them some Ethics right you don't even want to know if you should teach them this this other stuff about Logic don't teach somebody nuclear physics until you know that they're a good person right so you need to do ethics first But Apollodorus and then clean these gives a more detailed version of this Says that the order's logic ethics and then physics after all again. We need people to be able to Reason and we need them to be ethical people But then eventually they need to learn the physics that is basic to all this and the clean these Arrangement is just an expansion of that topic study Dialectic first and then rhetoric those are both kinds of logic then study ethics and politics which are both Parts of ethics and then study physics and theology which are parts of physics now the Sort of middle period stoic named postodonius Propose the order physics logic and ethics and this is a standard way of teaching the System of stoicism and it's the one that all follow today because most of our sources follow that order. Yeah question is a teaching order supposed to insinuate the Physics say for Xena that physics is dependent on logic and then ethics Depends on physics or is it just simply maybe easier to teach in this order? well, I interpret these as literally being a pedagogical order in which a student comes to grasp the system and not Not anything about its Importance because if we ask about its importance, that's like asking Whether the tree or the fruit is important or whether bones or muscles are important They're all important and the organism doesn't function without it. So this isn't This isn't an idea that Xena and Chrysippus didn't think much of ethics In fact, if you wanted to you can think of it as everything's preliminary leading up to the real thing, which is ethics Despite the way I was characterizing. Oh, no, we've got to teach them this First it could be that it's that it's building up to the to the real point of it Okay, so this isn't about the importance This is trying to work out a theory of what order do we teach people things in something We're still concerned about now into every sub field So we have curricular theories which are reflected in the order of course Requirements that you have to take in a field. So we have very early logic requirements in the philosophy department Yeah, this is what this is why Rick brushes the day is consumed with teaching Phil 10 because we have a sort of Chrysippin Concept to this and we don't we don't we don't give you access to David Brink until the very end We're doing ethics or something No, not really, but there there is a question about this. Which order does it make sense to teach it in? So I'm gonna I'm gonna do it in the the Poseidonian Order, so let's talk about stoic physics first now Way the way I'll introduce this is just giving you the way That they set up divisions of the field of ethics into different topics This isn't really giving you content of their physics is showing you how they divide the topic of physics now What is what does physics mean again? My favorite question to stunt people with means nature Okay, so this is how we divide the study of nature Okay First division is the cosmos Okay, the world the universe Okay, and this essentially has two parts mathematical astronomy on the one hand, which is an extremely Precise accurate discipline even by this point. In fact, they develop analog computers and so forth at this point So I'll show you on another slide Another part of it is natural history just the Reasoning about what the size shape composition origin Whether it's living or not whether it's destructible or not whether it's governed by God and providence and so forth or not the sort of Description qualitative description of the nature of the cosmos as opposed to the quantitative description of it in the Previous category which by mathematical astronomy. We also probably mean to include meteorology so accounting for things like rainbows And earthquakes clouds winds rains, etc Even though those that we don't usually put those in for astronomy astro meteorology Now another aspect of physics is the theory of causal Explanation what things cause if you want to know anything about physics you need to begin to concentrate on the problem of what things cause other things and again, we have a sort of mathematical and qualitative division mathematical causal explanations we develop theories for in optics harmonics mechanics fields like that and Then we also have a theory of the psychology of explanation So what satisfies us as an explanation of a given phenomenon? What kind of causes and things do we think we need to grasp or apprehend in order to say that we know or understand something and then the third division into the principles and elements and there are two essentially principles of Stoic physics the first is an active principle which is identical with God and a bunch of other stuff is all explained in a moment and a passive principle which is essentially identified with matter and so the basic pictures that what really exists out there is a vast amount of otherwise unstructured unqualified matter and then a kind of God-like mind or reason that imposes order and form on that Unqualified matter and when we look out at the cosmos. That's what we're seeing is a rationally organized continuum of matter that includes different kinds of beings that we can Distinguish for example inanimate beings plants humans also The heavenly objects like sun moon stars planets how all of those move and so forth all of that seems to bear out the idea that There is some active rational principle which is ordering Lifeless inert passive matter Now here's another way to divide stoic physics or rather in order in which to teach it begin with the relatively straightforward idea of bodies Things that are generated and destroyed that we're familiar with on all sorts of levels This includes furniture computers people animals plants and so forth in fact everything is a body According to the system. So in a way, we think of stoicism is actually being kind of materialist system like Epicureans because They think that only bodies are real Except there are some non bodily things that are real in virtue of their relationship to bodies and this includes time place void and What I'm translating is language, but is actually Would be more literally translated as sayable things or lepta, which I will get to when we get to Discuss stoic logic Okay, then again, we could teach about the principles unlike bodies principles are Ungenerated and indestructible and these are of two kinds the passive kind unqualified Substance pure material body and on the other hand an active principle reason Fundamentally reason or in Greek logos, but this is equivalent to Cosmos God reason mind fate even Zeus So the active principle that organizes all this passive inert material stuff It is rationally organized and you can think of it If you want is being rationally organized by Zeus or if you don't like the name Zeus You can call it God or whatever your preferred term is call it the mind or You could even call it fate But all of those are identical equivalent notions and and they constitute the active principle Then they proceed to a discussion of the elements earth, air water and fire which are bodies that Out of which the other kinds of bodies like plants animals and humans are made out of and into which they Resolve or are dissolved upon death then there is a more intense discussion of God how as Identical to reason God actively organized the cosmos in the best possible way. Is it like a designer or craftsman? How what kinds of if so what kinds of tools and what kinds of materials are used and what kinds of blueprints and plans and So on yeah Between God Whoops no not really this is this is just an order in which you would you would comprehend these various Topics okay, so it's not It's not that there is there is another God a kind of anthropomorphic God And That's the only That's the only truly sort of divine Entity here is reasoning itself and the fact that this matter is organized in some rational way meaning First of all that it's rath rationally Comprehensible I can Figure out how this thing is composed out of earth air water and fire But second of all that it's there for a reason and that and we can give reasons for the existence Update of these things like that. We need to set elevated objects upon this thing That's why this is here But we can also apply that why this is here to everything else in the cosmos and then and then what we're doing is sort of Looking at the mind or the reasoning of this God who has organized everything in this way So so a lot of this stuff is is repeating, you know elements are related to bodies and so forth but this is a sort of syllabus of Topics that you learn in order to comprehend their physics you go into greater Detail and you also get to more and more Complex entities so after a more intensive discussion of God than you have a rather esoteric discussion of this idea of limits and then of place void Time and these entities that exist relative to bodies that aren't themselves bodies And so they don't exist in the strict sense now there was another question if there wasn't a follow-up There's Do your bodies like would God be considered body in that sense? Well, no God is the active principle to organizing all of those bodies Okay, but yes Yes, so it wasn't just set up and then like clockwork and push a button and now it's all going It's actually actively still being ordered and organized by a rational mind okay, and When I get on to discussing their theory of cosmic cycles will look at some problems with that idea that there's a sort of Continual rational governance of the cosmos. Yeah Well The elements essentially play this role So they are they are sort of we can't we can't keep dividing the elements up into into Prime matter or something there's a theory about how the elements can be transformed into each other and so there's a kind of transmutation of elements and then there's a They recombination of elements in ways that give rise to more and more complex structures that create Greater complexity of bodies, but at one end of the scale is the simplicity of the elements at the other end is the complexity of something like An ape or a human being or the space shuttle or something like that That's very complex arrangement of different material parts Go ahead I don't have Well that that is where they get into That is exactly where they get into the discussion of limits place void Time and motion how these bodies move these bodies have natural ways of moving due to different qualities they have like heaviness lightness dryness wetness things like that and So the elemental bodies have natural kinds of movements But then different orders of complexity of organization introduce new Principles about how they move and generally in accordance with with ends and so forth that they have and Purposes that they play in this grand overarching cosmic scheme. So the ultimate account of motion Is going to begin by specifying a reason why the thing is moving that way, okay? Unlike unlike say an Epicurean view where we explain motion by just saying material bodies have this inherent tendency to Drop to fall downwards and then they must swerve every once in a while But they also move as a result of their collisions and we focus on on the actual material interactions of the body Of these bodies and sort of try to build things from the ground up out of them The stoic tendency is to explain the thing by looking at the ends and the purposes that it serves and then looking at how The matter has been organized in such a way to make those ends possible. So A human being is a very complex Entity and it has the and it's a body like everything else but it has a body of a certain shape like Standing upright and having hands and having eyes and so forth in order to bring about certain ends ultimately happiness, but also reasoning rationality emotional control things like that Yeah Yeah, which book Okay That's a nice notion we have a PhD student working on spinoza So I'm happy to hear about that and the There are actually two senses of nature a specific use of the term nature and then a general use of the term nature and In the most general sense it is identified nature is identified with reason the cosmos God fate Zeus Etc. But There is a specific sense that I will get to in a moment in which In in which nature really describes the kind of growth reproduction use of nutrition that applies to a plant and that plant like things have natures and animals are plant like things in a certain respect and so are Humans and by virtue that fact they have natures, but they also have levels of cosmic organization that go beyond Just natural organization Okay, but the idea about living in accordance with nature Which is the absolute key ethical principle of the system that next next time we meet on Wednesday We'll really be trying to unpack what they mean by living in accordance with nature now living in accordance with nature in Greek would be living in accordance with physics. So having a comprehension of The physical world the natural world how it's ordered and why it's organized this way and then living in accordance with it Okay, so that's certainly one meaning is grasping what actually is going on like that The earth isn't flat and that there is global warming and things like that and then Acting in accordance with those facts about what's happening in nature Okay, so a little bit more about the cosmos again And you'll start to be annoyed by this and then that'll then you'll really be grasping stoicism how they make these Identity statements the cosmos one sense of it just is God or Zeus Another sense of the term cosmos is the organized system of stars sun moon planets earth, etc That's the way we usually think of the term being used But then another sense is the combination of one and two Which they describe as a complex of gods and humans and things that come to be for their sake and so Notice that in that description of the cosmos and that should say human not men That's my Typographical mistake somebody in here is working on Stoics on gender and sexuality. Who is that? Okay, so as you know, they would be talking about humans there not men Cosmos is a complex of gods and humans and things that come to be for their sake i.e. everything else Okay, all other plants animals inanimate bodies and so on so Contained in that definition of cosmos is a statement of what we call anthropocentrism that is making human beings the center of the cosmos and in a way they literally are in their cosmographic diagram but Center of value in the cosmos so another way to put it would be the end of everything Everything else exists for the sake of human beings. That's the thesis of anthropocentrism and the stoics are anthropocentric So they think that plants animals these other things all exist for our sake Now to my mind it's a preposterous notion, but on the other hand everybody acts as if it's true Right, our entire society is set up as if everything in the cosmos exists for our sake Use it however we want we don't even really have many Standards about how we use animals. We just use them for our own sake and The stoics would say that's exactly how the whole cosmos is set up to be like that So our practices justified if stoicism is true Now just about their Cosmographic diagram you've got a spherical Geocentric plenum that means earth is at the center of the solar system the sun and the moon and the other planets and the thick stars Go around the earth Everything in this planet is full. So there is no Interstitial void. There's no void within the plenum. It's completely plenum means a full thing. It's full of bodies in In the most elementary things full of earth, air, water and fire, but then these are arranged into into complex entities and so there's no void within this System, but there is an infinite void in all directions outside of it an Extramundial void Okay, so unlike the abracurians who say that void exists interspersed With atoms and there's a continuous alteration throughout the Infinite cosmos in all directions of bodies and void for the stoics There's a limited set of bodies in a spherical cosmos situated within an infinite void in all directions Now there's been a really fascinating discovery and development of a second century BC analog Computer that's composed out of 30 gears and it was found on a shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikithra in 1901 and throughout the 20th century Scholars and engineers and scientists worked to reconstruct this thing figure out what its purposes were and actually build models of it It still worked and they figured out that it's capable of computing the astronomical positions of the Sun Moon stars eclipses and coordinating these with the Cycles of Olympic games and you could do it decades in advance and you could run the mechanism forward or backwards This is the oldest analog computer that we know about And the leading theory about who developed it right now is that it was designed by a stoic scientist somebody probably influenced by posedonius and this is because we have Reports of Cicero describing visiting posedonius's school in Rhodes and describing seeing these Planetary spherical objects that do these kind of calculations and also Other evidence and other artifacts on the shipwreck come from the island of Rhodes Even though it's at the other end of the Mediterranean from So that's an interesting thing and it's built on principles of the stoic system and it's built on Rational mathematical Principles so they came up with a model a craftsman-like model of how you could replicate the Motions of these heavenly bodies and it sort of justifies their theory that it is rationally organized because it's rationally organized if you can Give a reason why it's all ordered in a certain way and you can actually it's the kind of thing that a craftsman could know and explain to Others and so they they built this you know not so they could like send email and do Instagram and that sort of thing But so that they could have a model of a rational cosmos I Think they are our internet is a model of an irrational Like out of control anti stoic cosmos Okay, now this gets back to the question about The question about nature which I'll move through rather quickly because we haven't said anything about stoic logic yet but again the cosmos is sort of administered by this mind God or reason and This pervades it completely, but it pervades some Things in the cosmos more so than others and so it pervades inanimate things like crystals and minerals and metals and that sort of thing in The sense that those bodies hold together and have the qualities they do by virtue of what the stoics called their hexes Plants exhibit a different order of Complexity of being they not only have a hexes, but also their growth use of nutrition ability to reproduce Gives them what the stoics call a nature or a physics? Animals show even greater complexity. They also have a nature like plants do and a hexes like inanimate things do but they're capable of Sensation and moving themselves around in space which plants aren't able to do and so we say that they have a psyche or a soul And then finally we say that humans also have a psyche or a soul as Animals do in a sense. We are animals and of course we have a nature just like Plants do and we have a hexes like these other inanimate objects do but we also have this Rational leading controlling part of our mind, which is able to use language in which they call the hegemon Now I've already I think said enough about God Bodies nature and so forth and we can you can go back and review the slides If you want some more details on those say a little bit about their view about fate because it's very controversial Everything happens by fate according to them fate just means What is caused and everything is caused nothing doesn't have a cause So since everything has a cause and the fate is just the conjunction of all causes Everything is faded and so they actually hold that prophecy and divination or if you want a contemporary term prediction And so forth is real Since providence exists in sense causes are definite and we can break everything down and figure out what its causes are and then we can Realize that if those causes are going to be in place again. We'll end up having the same effects They also hold that every well-formed proposition whether it's about the past future or Present is either true or false and they exclude any Middle option or exclude the possibility of a contradiction being true So what will happen in the future is already true just as and it's just as fixed and certain is what happened in the past Also, the cosmos has a definite rational plan and purpose And so we can't be introducing uncaused events into that or also would be introducing Unreason and irrationality into it So the Stoics embrace a notion of fate and what's challenging is that in their ethics, which we'll get to on Wednesday and later this week They also put a huge premium on the idea of freedom and free human action So how can they have an idea about free ethical human action? Well at the same time holding that everything is faded. That is an enormous problem for the Stoics Yeah, I think here doesn't mean determinism doesn't mean that something yeah, it does yes, it does. Why do you say it doesn't? Rational causes or deterministic causes So because There's a rational cause for that man But it doesn't mean when so sense doesn't mean when What doesn't mean when What doesn't mean when Let's say something else so faith in my opinion. I thought means something which has been already pre-planned Doesn't mean like well. Yes, the the entire cosmos has been pre-planned by a rational mind It all has been pre-planned and and and future plans and And so that I mean that that's totally their view So in that case it means determinism yes Determinism fully deterministic system So their account of human freedom must be something that says human freedom is somehow compatible with determinism and So they are compatible this They hold that freedom is compatible with determinism in Order to see how that is we're gonna have to learn something about their ethics But as far as physics is concerned, this is their view and it seems like a pretty good view Which part of it you want to disagree with right that some things don't have causes that some propositions Can be both true and false or neither true and false none of those are real good options for logic or physics Okay, so It's it's a difficult controversial Notion, but in order to see how they how they cope with the ethical part of it We need to know something about their ethics. Yeah Is there a Is there a hypothesized end for the cosmos and everything is pre-planned into the future Well, and is ambiguous here between and some ends or purposes Okay, like I have an end of getting lunch after this So that means I'm going to go over to the cafeteria or whatever and end also means the last in a temporal Sequence so they think there is an end of the cosmos in both senses Okay, so the cosmos periodically is Consumed in a conflagration and completely destroyed and returned to a state of primeval or elemental matter at which time it is then rationally reorganized by this God fate mind which brings the the cosmos into Being again now which cosmos does it bring into being well this one because it always brings a rational cosmos into being and We're in a cosmos right now and it's rationally organized So this is the one that it brings about and so they have a doctrine of eternal return Depending on the kind of person you are you'll either find this very reassuring or extremely existentially Disappointing but in their view the entire cosmos Will undergo these cycles of death and rebirth like internally So we will eventually all be sitting here talking about stellar physics with this slide on the board and everybody sitting in exactly these places and Holding their pens are not holding their pens and having even or odd numbers of pairs on their head and so forth All of that will be exactly the same and it will happen not only Again, but an infinite number of times in the future exactly like this Okay Yeah, so so he does think that like every every cycle will be exactly like the previous cycle Like how in a second says can the world cycles be differentiated? Yes? right, so if they are all Literally identical as I just said in every respect and so whether you have an even or odd number of pairs on your head Whether that will be exactly the same the next cycle if every detail like that was exactly the same Then there might be a problem with saying that these cycles are different in what sense are they different then? They're identical and so there's only one cycle Okay, but so Christi this is way of dealing with this is saying actually there will be minor differences So the but they won't make any difference to the rational ordering So you may actually now you have an even number of pairs in your head and the next one you'll have an odd Number okay, but that doesn't make there is no causal influence of that to to any any other thing Or and make sure you notice this when you get up in this world You might start on your left foot when you get out of the desk But in the next one you might start on the right foot, okay, but there's no other there's no other difference that has any It makes any difference Okay, so but then there's lots of paradoxes about this and one can do do an entire research paper on their notion of eternal return and the Religration and so on so I've only got five minutes left So I'm gonna blow through logic fairly quickly and I'm going to really here's here's the divisions of the stoic logic And I'm gonna focus on this last part their idea of a graspable presentation So What they hold is that we get these Presentations they're not just raw sensory data from the world, but notice so you're not just seeing colors and shapes out here You're actually seeing Colors and shapes Organized into people and tables and chairs and so forth and so there's something more than just bare perception going on a sensation going on There's a kind of perception That you're taking in and this is very complex phenomenon this idea of what we're actually Perceiving or what is presented to our sense organs and they hold that among the things presented to our sense organs Some of these are what they call graspable that is we can learn the nature of reality from them and They have a kind of theory about how we acquire Knowledge we start with a blank slate like a newborn human this human has various sensations and Memories and starts getting more and more Articulate perception instead of just sensation of the world and then a plurality of these presentations are remembered for their Similarities in kind and that generates a kind of experience with phenomenon and then we get out of these Experiences we eventually formulate Conceptions about things And we can also gain Conceptions by other people who have had more experience who teach them to us Now a presentation is just basically an alteration of the soul like some kind of change in the brain or the heart whatever wherever the center of Cognition is wherever the leading part of the soul the hegemon is and The senses are joined to the outside world by these presentations, so they fall into our sense organs and Generally their view is that the presentations are Reliable and there are among them ones that are clear and distinct and these are the ones that are Graspable and on the basis of which we can actually produce knowledge these are the ones The ones that are graspable to which we ascent with our minds ascent is A power that we have and it's totally voluntary We give a scent of presentations. We say yes This is really what's happening or we say no that really isn't what's happening like if we're viewing an object It's very far away a tower and it looks like it's circular But we know that it's square then we can actually make a kind of we can not Consent to the appearance that the Sun is only a foot in diameter or that that tower is actually Circular and that's because we know on the basis of other Perceptions like being close up to things or seeing how Objects appear smaller that are farther away. We can sort of correct these things And There's the ground Presentations are necessary in order to produce knowledge of things But we can get by in life with less than knowledge often with just a kind of Opinion that arises out of having reliable Presentations now it's interesting because like the Stoics. They're also empiricists so all knowledge has a basis in sensation and Perception and they are like the Epicureans very Optimistic about how reliable these presentations and perceptions are And this thus they like the Epicureans are very vulnerable to skeptical attacks on how sensibles and perception works