Yn ymgyrch, rydyn ni'n bwysig i'r Llyfrgell Pethau Mencroft. Rydyn ni'n Ffiona Howarth, prysg yr angen. Rydyn ni'n bwysig i ddod dr Adrian Marsden yw'r gweithio ar y ddau oherwydd. Adrian rydyn ni'n ddweud o'r Llyfrgell Pethau Mencroft, ac rydyn ni'n bwysig i'r gweithio ar gyfer. Rydyn ni'n bwysig i'r Llyfrgell Pethau Mencroft. A rydyn ni'n ddweud o ganfodol sy'n rhoi ledrall. Ymarfodol am y ddau lles yn y witnesses, rydyn ni'n ddweud o'r lleol honno'n adeiladau. Rydyn ni'n ddweud o heb ac rydyn ni'n ddweud o'r lles yn torri, pan nesafeddwyr arser yn Llyfrgell Llyfrgell Pethau Mencroft, beth rydym ar gyfer. Felly, wnaeth yw'r ymwysig o hitting o'r rhaglau hyn. Felly, rydyn ni'n ymddielo'r rhaglau hynny. ond yw Adrian yn mynd i'n ffordd o'r awr ysgol yma. Rhaid i'n bwysig i'r fath, ac yn fawr y ddych chi'n ei ddweud, rhaid i'n bwysig i Adrian. Rhaid i'n bwysig i'n bwysig i'r fath. Rhaid i'n bwysig i'r fath? Rhaid, rhaid, rhaid? Rhaid i'n bwysig i ddweud Edward i'r Clys o'r byd i'n bwysig i'n bwysig i'r fath o'r holl. Rhaid i'n bwysig i'r holl. Yn dweud, mae'n cael ei wneud o gweithio. Mae'r wahanol ac mae'n gwaith o gweithio yma yw'r pethau a'r hanfodol sy'n gwybod gyda Peter Mankhoff. Mae'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio. A'i bod yn yr ysgolhau, mae'n gweithio yn y 1650s a 1660s, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio. Felly, a oeddwn ni'r wneud i'r cywspeth yng Nghymru, mae'n mynd i'r angen i ddylch yn ddysgu'r ddeithas yng Nghymru. Mae'n gwneud yn ei wneud i ddweud, yw'r unig. Rwy'n ym 1600, y coonid yng Nghymru, mae oherwydd mae'n coonid sylviau, mae'n ddweud i gael gwir, Oni'n gweld yn defnyddio'r enghraifft a'r bobl yn ystod yw'r cael ei awr iawn. Felly, sy'n meddwl y ffordd i'r ffordd ar y cyfnod ar y dda, ychydig swydd yn rhaid i ei ffordd i'r cyfnod. Mae'r rhai cyfnod yn ffordd ar gyfer hyn o gau. Mae'r ddweud yn y cyfnod ar gyfer hyderau'r cyffredig. Mae'r ddweud yn y cyffredig yn y cyffredig. Mae'r ddweud yn y cyffredig. Mae'r ddweud yn y cyffredig ar gyfer hyn. Mi gyd. These are small coins. They are difficult to make so the Royal Mint don't like making them. They're fiddly.   So, not many are made. They're also very easy to lose. You can see, something like that. And because they're not easy to make, the Mint prefer to make bigger coins like shillings and so forth. Ond ydych chi'n bobl wedi gweld bwysig. Mae'r bobl yma yn y cyfrifod yma, fel y mawr yn gyffrwch. Mae'r bobl yn rhaid amser wedi gweld ffiddwysiwyr yn y Llatyn, ond y gallwn bas ond mae'r hyn yn adeilad â'r fathau, bobl yw ddigon â'r effaith yn rhaid d crér. Mae'r hwnnw, i ffigo'n hynny. Ymlaff wna bwysig gwyan o'r holl. Felly, fel y mae hwnnw, gallwn i'n bwysig a'r holl. So, mae'r rhannu cyfwyr, ychydig o'r cwpan bwysigwyr o'r Gweithredu Cyfwyr, Fe yw'r cyfwyr Cysur. Fe ydych chi'n gweld Ym Mhwyl Cysur i'w wahanol yw 1649, mae'n maen nhw'n gweld o gyfwyr mewn gwirionedd Caerdydd. Mae'n gweithio'r cyfwyr dda i'r cyfwyr o'r cyfwyr, yw bod hynny'n yn ôl i'n cyfwyr o'r gwirionedd Caerdydd yn cael ei gwaith. Ond mae'n gweithio'r problem yn y bydd. Obviously, if you've not got enough small chains, you got problems, it really makes training difficult. So, what do people do? They have their own tokens made. I suppose one thing to talk about is what these things are worth before we carry on. Well, it's a pre-decimal system. So, you have a pound, which is yw'r cyfnod o'r £1,000 yma. Mae'n i'n fath o'r alyu cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod, ond mae'n rhaid o'r hyffordd y gallwn arfer o'r gaelol. Y rhai o'r cyfnod o'r 20 ymgylchedd, oherwydd y cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r 50 ymgylchedd, a 12 penniol yn ychwanelifad. So, mae'n ddweud y penniol. Mae'r cwrddur yn ddweud 4 o 5 cwyd yn y cwrnod. Mae'r half penniol yn ddweud penniol, ac mae oedd o'r pwysig ddweud yn sylweddol. A mae'n ddweud o'r pwysig o'r pwysig o'r pwysig, yr adroddau o fyw o ddweud. A mae'n ddweud o'r pwysig o'r pwysig, mae'n gwybod yn llwyll yn fwy o ddweud. Felly mae gennym ei bod ychwanegau o ukwyr yn 17 oed. Mae'r gweithio os yw mwy oedd yn rhan o'r gweithio. Rwy'n credu bod y gallwn yn cael ei gweithio, felly mae'r gweithio gennym eu bod yn ei i. A gweithio'r gweithio yw'r gweithio. Felly mae'r methi gweithio'r gweithio ar y tocan yma ar 1650-1660. Mae'r gweithio yn y Llyngdyn i, ac mae'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, ac mae'r gweithio'r gweithio ar-deithas. Mae'n gweithio'r gweithio. i gael ei wneud yn dweud ar ei wneud. Dwi'n gweithio fydd yn gweithio gwybod ychydig eu cyflawn, a rydych chi'n gweithio'r ysgol yn ymweld i'r Parys yma, ond rhai o'r ffeirio'r ysgol yn ysgol, ond efallai yn gweld i'n bryd o bobl yn ymgyrch. Mae'r ddweud yn 16 miliometr o gweithio, mae'n 2.5 o gweithio'n gweithio. Dyna'r gwneud y mynd i'r isio'r, dweud George Reeve. Dyna ydw i'r blaen o'r obfersau, mae'n gweithio, mae'n golygu ytod, maen nhw'n gweithio. Dyna'r blaen o'r obfersau mae'n gweithio'r cyffredin, mae'r cyffredin a'r cyffredin, a'r cyffredin i'r busnes. Mae'n ddwy'n ymddiogel yw'r cyffredin o'r 17th, mae'n ddweud cyffredin o'r cyffredin. felly gallwch chi'n gwybod ni'n meddwl. Yn ymgyrch, mae'n ddiogelio'r prif mwyaf o'r grosas company o London. Dwi'n meddwl ar grosas yma arall o'r llwygr. Mynd i'n gwybod, George Reeve yn meddwl. Mae'r daun yn yw'r cyfrifiad sy'n meddwl i'r cyrfaen fwyaf yw'r cyfrifiad. Mae nhw i'n meddwl, nid yw fwyaf yw'r cyfrifiad. ac mae gennych iawn y traiad yr hyn yn ysgol wedi newydd. A mae'r wych g serfedarad yn ffasfa. Felly mae'r ar-fill yn cyfrifi ar bob y popo ac mae'r gysig ar George mae'r ar-ffillaid ar hyn yn ysgol. Felly fod yna'r arfa'n i fynd yn ysgol yn rhyngwy, nid yn ôl cyflن ysgol yn ysgol yn yr hyn. Wrth gwrs'n ysgol, ar hyn yn ysgol. Ond pe wedi gyn nhw. felly mae'r gynhwys i'w meddwl iawn. Gwrs eich bod ni'n ffordd. Diolch yn rhan i'r gyrdd. Gwrs ymweld yn gyrdd i'r gyrdd i'r gyrdd, i'r gyrdd i'r gyrdd i'r gyrdd. A oedd yma'n gwybod, mae'n gyrdd i'r llyfr, ac oherwydd gyrddio'r cyfnod gan y llyfr o'r cyfnod ymlaen. Pryddo, dwi'n gyrddio'n gyrdd i'r Llyfr, ac yn ymddangos, mae'n ei wneud hyn i'r llyfr Mae'r ddechrau, mae'n gwybod yn dechrau. Mae'n gwybod yn mynd i'n gwybod yn ystod ydw i'r parolau yn gwybod i London yn ymgyrch ar y cyllid yn y taw a gwneud o'r ei fod yn ymgeithio ar y tot. Mae'n gwybod ei fod yn amlwg gwybod. Cyngor o'n ddweud roedd Peter ac ddweud a'r ddweud yn arddangos yn ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud. I gyd yn gwybod, Peter Dill a'r ddweud yn amlwg amdano. Fynd i, Richard Morant. Yn yw'r wrthodd weaver, rwy'n gwybod. Mae'n gwybod yw'r cyffredin sy'n gwybod, wrth gwrs, mae'n gwybod. Fynd i, Morant''r ffaith yn 66 o'r ddaf yn ysgol. Mae'r ddaf yn ysgol. Fynd i, yw'r llas o'r ffaith yw'r 10. Violet Benton, ychwanegwch. Benton yn ei fwyllt yn gyfweld. Violet yn yw'r gwneud. Yn y bwysig yn yw'r beir. Felly byddwn i'n meddwl am bwysig yw'r probyr yn bwysig, ac mae'n gofio'n gwneud yw'r cyffredinol, mae'n gweithio'r cyffredinol. Mae'n gweithio'r cyffredinol. Mae'n gweithio'r cyffredinol, mae'n gweithio'r cyffredinol ar gyfer gweithio'r cyffredinol. Felly, mae'r fourtypicol tokens. Well, what to say about 17 cents of tokens in the past. We know that the first collector, or the first collector we know of, was a charcoal brown willis who was collecting the very early 18th century. Sadly, not everybody was so keen. John Evelyn is very prophetic and he writes, for tokens may happily in after time come to exercise and busy the learned critic what they should signify and fill whole volumes with their conjectures. Indeed, many, many, many volumes have been filled on these things. Pinkerton is not quite so nice. These town pieces and tradesman's tokens are collected by some antiquaries with an avidity truly pure isle. I will then say that the workmanship is always utterly contemptible and that not one purpose of taste, information or curiosity can be drawn from them. And he continues, it needs hardly be added that they are recommended to a supreme scorn of the reader who may justly regard for studying or collecting them along with the admiration of counters as beneath any man of taste. Well, that's told me, hasn't it? I am a token anorak. I will hope to prove Pinkerton wrong in the course of my talk today anyway. So there we are. They are a bit more well thought of now. Right, let's begin with Norwich in the period. We do have rather a nice bird's eye view here of Norwich from the west looking over and you can see the various landmarks of Castle and Cathedral. So a nice bird's eye view, 1660, I'm slap bang in the period we're looking at and then if you spin that aerial view round and have a map here, you'll have the Wenceslan through, you have the northern wards at the top, the ultra acran, that area across the river, across the water and then south of the river and indeed west of it. You have said Peter Mankroff, the palace has said Peter Mankroff here. It's of course borders be marked in part and this is be the market area. Now before we carry on it's probably an idea to look at how much this area has changed. This is sorry, not yet Chris. We have the main market now and then you've got the overall which was on Peter Street and then the never old gentlemen's walk. Take Peter Mankroff here and the livestock market used to be here. Let's look at the area now. This is the market area now, massively different. You've got the forum of course, City Hall built in 1938 and then the market is pretty much all stalls and the only two constants really linking the market area today as it was in the 60s and 50s and 1660s is Mankroff itself and the Guild Hall. We will look at the Guild Hall later. Right, let's go back to one of the earliest maps we have here. This is Hoyle's map of 1728. You can see the market very different. You've got lots of buildings here which we'll come back to in a minute and you have this great big monstrosity here. This is not quite to scale because as you see it's the biggest St Peter Mankroff but this was a very big thing. It was indeed the market cross and this is 60 or 70 feet high and this stands at the bottom or stood at the bottom end of the market. It's demolished in 1732 which is why it appears on Hoyle's map of 1728 but not on King's map of 1766. You can see it's gone but that may have gone but the rest of the market is still very alien compared to today. You've got all these buildings here slap bang in the centre of what's now the marketplace. You've got St Peter Street here obviously the City Hall long long in the future and the Foreman long in the future as well. This is a view about 1800 from the top of the market, basically top of the Guild Hall looking south to Mankroff and then this is actually the fish market or was for fish markets at the time. That occupies the higher ground just below where City Hall now stands and finally we'll go through a sort of quick survey of what happens. This is an area of view of the market in 1920s and grateful to Jonathan Plunkett who has generally allowed me to use his late father George's photographs which you can also find out online. You can see all these houses here swinging round and circling Mankroff by coming right up to the gates of Mankroff and then the Guild Hall here and then all these big buildings. They go away with all flesh. This is the buildings in the early 30s. You can see you can see St Peter Street behind. This is pre-City Hall and then all those houses are demolished so you've got this great wave of land here which will become City Hall. This is just before 1938. You've still got all those buildings however. That changes shortly. Oh sorry Chris could we have the last one again. All these houses survived until 1961. We'll come back to those shortly. Here we have the big buildings in the centre of the market being demolished. This is in 1938. You can see City Hall has been put up by this time and then continuing to be demolished and you can see the Guild Hall here so it gives you an idea of where these buildings are located. Right so that's what the area looks like. Let's now start to look at some of the people who lived in Mankroff down well as I say I've been buried there. You've got an awful lot of sources to go out here. You've got parish records, baptisms, maritism, burials. They're obviously quite useful so you can track these people down. Remember if you have one of those tried initials with the wife's initials and that's quite useful. You have a mayoralty court books which are big big books in the Norfolk Record Office in the Archives Centre where all the decisions of a court of mayoralty which is headed by the mayor and including the old woman and common council, they meet and they pass judgments on people or building regulations all sorts of things like that so some of those can be very interesting. There's the half tax assessments. They're assessed for, no it's in 1666 and basically you're taxed a shilling on every half you have in your house. So it's an attempt to sort of wealth tax the bigger the house the more halves you've got the more you should pay. It's replaced by the equally unpopular window tax in William III's reign where as you can guess you're taxed on your windows. There are also wills and other probate records. They can be very interesting indeed. Obviously a will is telling you how someone is disposing of their property after their death and you can also get things like probate inventories where all the possessions that the deceased are listed. They're far less common but they sometimes survive and then there's lots of other contemporary records for example registers of the freedom of the city. If you're starting in trade and this only applies to men in this period you need to have the freedom of knowledge to trade. You can trade for two years in a day without it but then you must have the freedom. This basically signalling someone starting out their their career usually although some people put the freedom off as long as they can. So there's all sorts of things to go at. We'll leave that there for now but the Norfolk Record Office as you might guess has stacks of stuff relating to Norwitz and some of that relates to the tokenessers themselves. So right let's have a survey now, a tour if you like round St Peter Mancroft in the 1650s and 1660s and actually meet some of these people. The first one we have here um oh Parker, John Parker, a lamb and of now it's 1665 and we know from the records what his wife was he. Now for lamb, the lamb on the token and this is where the lamb is now. Now I've mixed feelings on this place. Still in operation, it's very nice on one hand to have a tavern or an inn that was base for a tokeness or a still in operation but I did pay my first £5 for a pint in that place it is rather on the expensive side but it does survive. It's one of only two pubs would do, the other is the Adam and Eve on the other side of the city but John Parker, the lamb references the inside or what would have been the inside of the lamb but Parker wasn't the licensee and this is something we we need to look at briefly. Not all licensees issue tokens and not all tokenessu is our licensees indeed quite often a tokenessu might be based somewhere operating maybe out of the back or conducting their business from a shop there but they're not actually in charge of the place so the lamb is the base of John Parker but he's not actually running the pub. We know that Parker is a Mercer now Mercers in this period are are sort of top-end wholesalers there they're supplying reasonably good expensive items they stand above grocers who are wholesalers dealing with more more common sort of stuff and haberdasers who are similar so yeah Mercer's are sort of top-end and Parker is one of those. Augustine Briggs now the token says Augustine Briggs if you look this is an error at the tower of London where his tokens were made it should be Briggs now Briggs is an interesting character he's born in 1617 he's apprenticed in Norwich and then while he's sort of finishing off his apprentice ship the civil war breaks out and Briggs in contrast to most people in Norwich who are very much for parliament goes off to fight for the king and he's present at the seeds of kings linn in 1643 the royals get beaten there so Briggs comes back to Norwich with his tail between his legs and well he surely keeps his head down we know he's not punished for it Cousins Harding Kent in their book on the mares of Norwich they say that he's split to his alderman ship who is Aldermanry that's not the case because he's only 25 he's far too young to be an alderman in the first place and indeed he's not an alderman until much much later but he does get himself an accidental common count from 1656 so he's obviously not that inimical to the corporation of knowledge during the Commonwealth but it is in 1660 of the restoration but his star really comes into the ascendant he's made sheriff in that year in 1660 with the restoration trials for second and 10 years later he's mayor and incredibly we have two portraits surviving he's just about the only token issuer in the country who we have a portrait surviving of um and that's because he's doing very well by 1670 one in his mayoral robes and another dressed as a cavalier which echoes what one of his contemporaries says about him he is an honest old cavalier cavalier and a very understanding man we will see shortly that he actually wasn't quite that understanding with some people but he does very well he is mayor as I say in 1670 his MP for Norwich one of the two MPs in the late 1670s and early 1680s and then he dies in 1684 his tomb or rather his war memorial is there and on it you have letters picked out in lead it's rather impressive monument and in latin part of it translating as the good genius of the city and county of the isini a man of honest report sound judgment and wise understanding an approved example of piety charity and sociability and brigsters very nicely because he has a street named after him brig street you know where this is presumably um you're going out down that way um it wasn't always called brig street it was originally called brig's lane um in the early 19th century the s is dropped and it becomes a street rather than a lane but named after brig's because his house stood there so the street comes to bear his name so brig's does does rather well brocdon is a different character entirely brocdon is a bit of a scoundrel really um he could I suppose be called a pragmatic businessman it's uh it's up to you no one for many years knew what the castle signified they said it might be part of the arms of noix which has a castle and a lion or it could refer to an inside that's correct but it wasn't until I went to an awful record office and had a random search that I found out why look at his career briefly first in noix wife are another rebecca he becomes three in 1636 he takes on a few apprentices he starts as a haberdasher sometimes described as a millionaire so a sort of rather low end tradesman and then as his career progresses he starts to change his title and he ends up describing himself as a mercer and then finally in his will which is proven 1680 he is styled gent gentleman now this is the same as brig's and basically if you do very well in trade you can basically buy yourself land and buy yourself gentility on the back of that so brocdon does this but his earlier career is not quite so glorious first of all he gets in trouble this is where the castle was but let's look at a document first this is the document I found this is a court summons and it's a summoning James brocdon or brocdon as he's called in the document to court in 1655 what's he done wrong well he has behaved very mortally because he obviously owns the castle this inn and what he's been doing is for the last year he has been taking in overnight paying guests now you have to be licensed as an ancient inn to do that you can't just set up and do it and there are two inns in the neighbourhood which have that right and they're obviously a bit miffed at James brocdon taking um well starting at competition we'll look at them in turn but first here we have it it mentions James brocdon of Norwick's haberdasher of small wares and then one common inn called the castle common inn not an ancient inn we don't know what happens to brocdon but plainly he gets out of it because he's got the castle on his token which is dated 1664 so as you're sure so he's kind of got out of it and whether the castle is allowed to take a paying over that guest by then or not we don't know but it does certainly turn into a hotel because this is a castle hotel later on this is second world war you can see a a little baros balloon and then an american officer in the foreground but that's the frontage of the castle hotel if you remember the little map the original entrance is on white lions is on white lion street this is the later entrance when it comes out onto the area below the castle mound so the entrance is changing but the back entrance still remained this is earlier this century you can make that castle hotel that's the place so it survived until relatively recently it was knocked down in 1989 to make way for the castle now and that's what stands there now that's the old heart foundation um where electricity and furnaces shop so the castle survived as i say until until pretty recently let's look at the other places and one this is one ancient inn called the blue bell now no one as far as we know issued a token at the blue bell but it does still stand it's now that rather awful weather spoons pub on hark hill um later orford hill but it's still the same place now of course it looks nothing like it would have done it's been holy but the inside's been stripped out to put all those awful neon lights and things in and the exterior is heavily rebuilt in the 19th century so it looks nothing like it would have done but it is on the place where the blue bell was so that's the blue bell and the other one one called the white lion now the white lion was on white lion street it gives white lion street its name it was white lion lane then again like like the bridge it was a lane not a street at the time the white lion we are fortunate also housed a token assure again he's not the licensing he does seem from all the records i can lay my hands on to have been a barber which is a bit odd but i suppose if you are having a shave or your hair cut a farring token to use as chains is perfect given a shave is probably costing a hair cut is probably costing a hate me or something like that so he's based there his wife elizabeth rather annoyingly his son who's also called william money also marries an elizabeth but we know this token 16 late 1650s stylistically and we know the son is not old enough to be usher in the token at that stage so it's the father who's issuing it and of course the little lion here is referencing the white lion so again it's it's a signboard that's where it is the white lion and you can see it's either marked this is the king's map we looked at earlier 1766 and it's marked here white lion lane it's in mancroft and white lion lane you can see the bell here which we looked at and the white lion is the other ancient inn which has a right to put people up overnight if they pay and it's quite probable that money is one of the people who's a bit annoyed at Brockton usherping that in's right to to take people in so we don't know but that's the white line for you rather nicely this is another place that survives here it remains the white line until 1918 it then becomes the haymarket stores which is another pub another inn and that's closed down in 1974 this is a viewer that in the 30s you can see here these two twin game balls here at the top and that's looking away from mancroft this is looking towards mancroft in a market place you can see the two little game balls still it's like the remodel and it was a costa until very recently it closed as a costa just before the lockdown so it's absolutely up for let but it's quite nice to let somewhere out but the tokenists who had lived in but I think the asking price is rather enormous so that's the white lion we'll look at a rather sadder story now and this is John Brown the token shows what you would be forgiven for thinking as a duck here it is in fact a swan and it is referencing for white swan now the white swan there's a huge coaxing in right outside the gates of mancroft we'll look at the location in a minute for now it's enough to know that Brown was married to Susan strikes for token in 1657 he is born at Wacton in 1629 he marries Susan at some point in the early 1650s but I've not found a marriage record as yet but they have their first child Mary in 1654 so the tokenist issued fairly early in his working life we know from the records but here's a confectioner or sugar baker so he's he's making pastes basically and as I say the white swan here King's map records it the postcoach to London in one day from the white swan so it's coaxing in then in 1766 and as you can see it is right outside the doors of mancroft see here we go back to that aerial view for me 1920s and you can see here which white frontage if you can make it out that is the frontage of what was the white swan you can see it's right up to the ports of mancroft in fact he he could he could probably have lobbed a jammed heart um from his threshold into the ports it's that close nowadays if you're standing on the stacks of the forum you are pretty much where the white swan was and indeed another of George Plunkett's photographs this one in the courtyard of the old white swan it's become a swan by now this is 1961 just before it's demolition it was demolished to make way for the central library which of course in its turn fell victim to fire a member forum of course now occupied site but this is the courtyard before it's demolished and you can see the great tower of mancroft in the background and rather nicely this is a hint of how high status three white swan was originally as i said it's it became a slum but when they're knocking it down they come across it's rather fine it's fine medieval cellar here with these vaulted arches so it was it was quite a building originally before it began this sad sliding down into a slum okay getting back to poor old John Brown and mentioned the first child Mary she survives to become an adult although that's not it's not the whole story they have 11 more children they all die and i came across this quite by accident this has been led to slap the floor stone to Susan Brown the daughter of John and Susan Brown and it is right by where my mini exhibition is if you want to look later see guys in 1686 age 19 just short of becoming what would have been an adult at the time the stone also has a rather nice little poem at the bottom here lies a single flower scarcely blown 10 more before the northern gates are strewn plucked from a self-stained stork only to be transplanted to a better nursery so that's poor Susan and the other 10 children there they're all buried either with Susan or perhaps outside in the in the graveyard outside the the northern porch which is that door there so one daughter survives now we do have the will of both John Brown and later of Susan Brown his widow now what's very sad is in the main body of both wills there are several complicated sections dealing with looking after their daughter Mary she is obviously very severely elementary or physically disabled she needs looking after so people are appointed to look after the money that's being left in her name and to look after her so it's sad that the only surviving daughter has possibly severe problems but what was quite nice in Susan Brown's will the widow she dies at Wackton the two of them obviously moved back there to retire effectively John Brown is described as a gentleman so he's another of his tokenist who is who makes the leap into gentility on the back of all his hard work but then there's this quite exceptional bit here in the will and chopping it up to fit the slide Susan Brown wishes to be decently buried in the parish church of st Peter of mancroft in the city of Norwich as near my daughter Susan as may be in a voyage right over there significantly she doesn't want to be buried with her husband who we know was buried at Wackton she wants to be brought back to st Peter mancroft to lie close to her one of her daughters right we move on the king's head william cooper king's head on one side and a rose on the other we know he wasn't the licentiae at the king's head that was a mr dysley's this is where the king's head was knocked down in 1913 to make way for david place so no longer surviving and it moved and it's now gone and then you can see the place here this is a painting from the early 19th century and you see it's a coaching in because you've got a coach coming out of the entry and the king's head side there cooper is obviously based there as I say he's not the licentiae we don't quite know what he did the rose might refer to another rose pub or tavern which we know it's around the corner near the castle mound so it may be that he's got his fingers in two pies and he's advertising both his businesses on the one token we can't be sure we know he's buried in mancroft later on and then interestingly we get another token issuer at that place this is al his name isn't given but we can be fairly sure that here's the grocer andrew lightfoot who is based at the post office in 1661 well the post office in 1661 was at the king's head so he's another token issuer based there as well as cooper he's not running the post office because it's called sovereignty is the postmaster in 1661 so you've got dice these realized and see sovereignty the postmaster and these two also based there in 1666 and 61 and he is another plague victim in 1666 well that's the post office we'll move on now to Laurence Goodwin the golden camel and you have a golden camel oh goodwin goodwin now Laurence Goodwin starts his career in the 1650s he's apprenticed as a grocer but he becomes a confectioner like John Brown and indeed they're quite near to one another he has a long and distinguished career he fills many civic officers he's sheriff in 1682 we'll see him acting in that capacity shortly and mayor in 1697 he lives to the advanced age of 91 and is buried in st Andrews in 1725 we know that he starts off in mancroft but he moves to st Andrews by 1666 but he's an apprentice and he he works his way through the civic officers and has a has a long and quite distinguished career and the golden camel we believe it was here where Clark's shoe shop now stands at the end of brig street we believe that's where it was now interestingly oh and there's um Laurence Goodwin's tombstone uh it's mainly partly covered up by the pews in st Andrews as indeed are many tombstones here but that's where it is and it records him um being um old and when he's sometime mayor but we have another camel now it's very unlikely there's say a red camel or a silver camel or anything i'm sure this also references the golden camel but it's another issuer and this is Anthony Mingay in Norwich he also is apprenticed as a grocer but he becomes an apothecary and so ends up in the medical trade if you like he's a very different individual to Goodwin he's pretty much born with a silver spoon in his mouth he is apprenticed does become a trader but he inherits Cursons Manor in Sraines Fork in 1663 and a heap of money he seems to pretty much give up work as indeed who wouldn't and indeed he doesn't want to serve in civic officers because they cost money so he pays 85 pounds that's about say 85,000 pounds in today's money so he doesn't have to so he can skip the shrievulty, the sherrythdom, and the mayoralty and serving his alderman and so on so that's what he does we know he moves to St Stephen's by 1666 the golden camel that is right slapbanger on the border of mancroft and St Stephen's parishes anyway so we know both him and Goodwin move away but we know that they're both in the parish of mancroft before 1666 so he could have had the golden camel then Goodwin or vice versa or perhaps both working out at the same time we don't know interestingly Mingay was one of the witnesses to the will of Sir Thomas Brown um the war memorial over there and he also lives into his well into his 70s um Mingay right the guild hall this was the administrative centre of Norwich before city hall was built and county hall all the running of Norwich is done from here it's where the alderman meet where the court of mayoralty meets the common council all that and it also has a prison below which we're looking to shortly it's also where all the courts meet so Quakers not popular with Quakers they're an independent group they have various differences would be established Protestant church um one of them perhaps the main one being they don't believe that ministers are necessary to mediate between between you and god they are unpopular to say the least now they start to build an an assembly house on goat lane in 1678 they probably should have kept their heads down because this seems to lead to a persecution in 1682 now you remember in 1682 who was sheriff it's Lawrence Goodwin um this is the sort of things where Quakers are accused of above ordinances free will um et cetera et cetera a lot of these charges levelled out from our of course untrue but that doesn't mean mud doesn't stick Goodwin again well Goodwin is sheriff in 1682 as we've seen so here's the bloke who's charged with bringing the Quakers in and it's clear that he doesn't like the Quakers on the basis of how he behaves they're dragged to the Guild Hall Goodwin is punching them the back and when he gets there he says if his majesty was of my mind he would send you all to Jamaica now Jamaica wasn't full of all inclusive hotels then it was a rather different not a nice place to be sent to it's unfortunate that when the Quakers get to be Guild Hall and they're brought up for trial that the JP presiding is none other than our friend Augustine Briggs Briggs as we heard earlier was described as a very understanding man that did not extend however to Quakers the Quakers have brought before Briggs and they held their hands up to say we've got no we've got no weapons where we're where we're fine we don't mean any harm and Briggs replies you could have pistols in your pockets for ought I know the Quakers then asked if they might be sent somewhere decent to wait out there period before they're brought to trial and Briggs says no and he says if you've got no money you will go in the whole now what happened in the 17th century if you want a decent accommodation in prison the paid for it it's as simple as that the Quakers aren't doing this so Briggs sends them to the whole you can visit the whole it's under the Guild Hall in fact I went there last year on Heritage Open Week then you can see it's a vaulted cellar basically not unlikely cellar beneath the white swan and you can see this is where it is if you're on the outside of the Guild Hall it's down there 62 of the Quakers are crammed in the whole rather ironically it was deemed unfit for use as a prison in the reign of Elizabeth the first um but didn't stop it being reused now I can't find any intimate connection with a token issue of air but I have got a sort of side long one the only Quaker I know of who issued a token was Charles Reeve he's a cordwainer the token issue in 1664 quite early in his career we know he's a Quaker because much later on towards the end of his life he marries quite a much younger widow in 1698 called Elizabeth Greenwood and this is the document here and Quaker fashion you have a load of witnesses appending their names so this records the marriage of the second marriage of um the token issue and Greenwood and second on that list you saw it highlighted in the last slide is Stephen Ames now interestingly Ames marries the widow of um Reeve he Reeve dies very soon after his second marriage but Ames marries the widow he's second on the list of witnesses to Reeve's wedding and interestingly we know he was in the hole for two years between 1680 and 1684 they keep them languishing there for two years and we know that Stephen Ames or Ames was one of them because he does feature in the records Reeve doesn't so Reeve presumably escaped it one more issuer who starts his career in mancroft but moves on he is Jeremy Vin grosses arms token issue in 1657 early in a career which lasts until 1705 when he dies rather nicely his house survives i said he moved away from mancroft he moves to be cathedral precinct and if you go in by the apple tree the gate his house immediately on your left on your right rather this is it big many gables thing and rather nicely on the gables you have IVS i Jeremy Vin and the initial Susan of his third wife and then 01 and there would have been a 17 there so built in 1701 now i got to reading Vin's will and this spurred me on because you have this section here it's written in on 15th of november 1703 i incredibly informed she this is his youngest daughter sorry oldest daughter Susan she is lately married without my approbation and consent so i thought oh i so i thought i would go and check and indeed two days before this will was written Susan vin the younger his eldest daughter named after her mother married John Peter or Jean Pierre gets bored at Westminster two days so someone has hotfooted it from Westminster to sneak on the young couple and Jeremy Vin is obviously furious and either writes a will or rewrites his will sadly the couple come back to know it's where season gives birth to a son named John Peter after his father um but they die um John Peter is actually frekway's friends as you can tell he's a friends you know he came over William III in 1689 and he's a soldier he was a captain at the state um at the stage he becomes the lieutenant general in the end and never remarries he dies at Enfield in the 1740s so um quite a sad story that and Jeremy then is buried in the ambulatory of the cathedral right at the right at the top and you can go and see his tomb interestingly his wife is buried with him his eldest his youngest daughter Mary his son-in-law John Knights and other members of the family but not Susan his daughter that is okay i've not mentioned many tokenists and women today that's simply because there are very very few of them there are 91 tokenists who is in Norwich three of them are women they are all widows carrying on their dead husband's business it's not helped because 17th century is a fairly showingistic age women cannot be free of the city therefore they can't carry on business if they're spinsters or if they're married they can only do that if they're widows and they're a widow of a tradesman that's the case with Ann Mumford here this is produced after Richard Mumford her husband has died in 1657 interestingly Ann Mumford carries on his trade as a grocer and their son George Mumford also starts out in trade as a grocer it looks like George thinks he's a bit better than a grocer because he puts a merchant's mark on his token um that's showing you you think you're you're a bit you're a bit more than a mere grocer but it looks like Ann is better at business because we know that when Ann makes her will in 1672 George owes her 100 quid that's about 100,000 quid in today's money so it looks like she is the more astute businessman and George for all his pretensions to being a merchant is probably not quite so good and one other token assure um who's female um Ann Mumford is Saint Peter Markov so his blive pattern here blive pattern a rose um probably referencing the rose tavernal road pub where she may have been based um we know she's she was a worsted weaver or obviously is the widow a worsted weaver and presumably carrying on the worsted weaver's trade and obviously this is a widow so it's just her two initials bh right we'll end now or very shortly we've seen there's plenty of places which are connected with tokeners so big places this fine building various shops or buildings that were were once inns or shops where tokeners was based it's very rare but you can hold something other than the tokens which was intimately connected with a token assure there is one example though this is a token as you see of eggwood woodyard pierce perhaps we use the paint or something like that and then E W eggwood yard 1656 and M for Margaret's wife and rather nicely this survives this is in the castle museum collection but it is on long term loan to the worsted for company of grocers in london because it has the grosses arms on it the token has an abbreviated form it has been sugar loaf and clothes but you have here E W M eggwood yard and the gate 1649 so seven years before the token was issued and as you may be aware there is a little exhibition at the back of the well the entrance of the church which tells a few of these stories on paper and if you like do have a look around the starting point is actually on the far side so you start there and go round and of course there's also Susan Brown's tombstone there as well and as Fiona mentioned earlier I there's five copies of my book and catalogue of the Norwich custom museum collection for sale I've only been five I'm afraid but the proceeds are to go to the church and so with that I will say thank you very much well it might I'm Chris Salam I'm the events manager here at the St Peter Mankrothal coordinator and it falls to me to offer a vote of thanks to Adrian this afternoon um Adrian I don't think you are an anorec rail you've got one heck of an amount of enthusiasm and you get it over to us in such a easy way to understand as well so thank you so much for your


So, how do we write marketing copy on our website and our social media that resonates with our ideal client and still feels true to us without us having to feel like we're persuading or hyping things up, right? Because one of my, not one of my clients, many of my clients kind of feel like, well, I'm not very good, you know, they're telling me I'm not a very good copywriter, George. How do I, you know, get people to get interested in my services and my products? Well, you know, to be honest with you, I don't feel like I'm a good copywriter either, honestly, because I don't like to, I don't like to try to persuade people in person or on video or overwriting. I just would prefer people seek me out because they already want my services and products and I just have to describe what it is, you know. So, let me give you seven pointers that may help you to, you know, write authentically and yet in a way that describes your services and your products well, okay? So, these are, these are seven things and I will be sure to put the blog post to the video below this so that you can read it for yourself, but I'll just kind of talk through the seven and then if you have any questions, you can comment below. So the first one is vision, okay? And by the way, when I say these seven things, they don't have to necessarily be in order, but you could put them in an order on, on like a web page that described your services and it could work well. So by the way, I'm using my Zoom virtual background. Let me know what you think of this. There's different things I'm going to try over the next few videos and I'd love to know your feedback. Okay, so the first one is vision.  But like for example, if you are somebody who coaches people on a particular transformational path, okay, let's say you're helping them become more confident, okay? Well, if they become more confident, so what, what's, how is it like going to be different if they're more confident? Will they be able to get a better job? Will they be able to speak up at work better? Will they be able to speak up in the relationships better or in their family settings? Or will they be able to make choices without, you know, being hesitant and always second guessing? What is the vision for what your services and products can do when people use them well? You see what I mean? When people use your service well, when people use your product well, what happens to their life? Tell us, tell us the vision. I mean, basically it's, it's why you're, why you're doing it, right? The vision is what kind of inspires you and inspires your clients to look for you. So one is vision. The second one, and by the way, vision is basically, it's not something you, this is important. It's not what you promise them. It's what you are aiming your service and your product to be going after. So it's, it's not a promise, but it's an aim. And you could say, you could basically, I always talk about that. I say, you know, this, this online course that I'm selling you aims to help you do this. I don't say this online course will make you this way or that way. I just say it's aiming to help you do a certain thing. Okay. So that's, first one is vision, right? And the thing is, all of these seven things I'm going to tell you are not meant to be perfectly written. And this is really important. Don't try to make a perfect vision statement before you put it on your website or put it on social media. Just do what you can now. Just take 15 minutes, 15 minutes. That's all I'm asking you, 15 minutes to answer the question. Why should someone work with me? What is the aim that we're both going towards for their life? Okay. Based on my service, what's likely to happen or not, what's likely, not even saying that, but what, what do we hope will happen? What are we aiming for happening? Okay. What's in the realm of possibility that it could happen now?  It could happen. No. Things that are, are actually things you believe you could help someone achieve if they are good clients, if they use your service, if they do their homework, if they use the product, whatever it is in the best case scenario, this is not unusual. This is not, you know, so that's vision. The second one is results. Oh, now what's the difference between vision and results? Vision is a vision. It's the hope. It's the, what we could achieve together if we go in this, this direction. Our stories of what you actually have achieved either in your own life or in the life of a client.  Now we're going to keep her anonymous, but I'm going to tell you the story to see, to show you what's possible. So results are talking about the past. Vision is talking about the future. Okay. So again, you're not promising results. You're just telling people, hey, this is what has happened with clients of mine. And if you work with me, just give you a sense of what is possible. Okay. So you might say, well, George, do I talk about vision? Do I talk about results? If you have results, talk about results. If you don't have results yet, talk about vision. Do you see what I mean? Or if your results are okay, but they're not as clear as you'd like them to be, then use vision most of the time to say, this is what I'm aiming for. This is what I, this is what I'm trying to help people do. Okay. Three is problems. Problems are basically you describing when a client is trying to reach the vision for their life, right? That thing that you love to help them get to, they're going to come across problems. They're going to say, well, I don't know how to do this. Or I try figuring this out, but it didn't work for me. What are the problems that they are obstacles? The frustrations, the confusions that they're experiencing. The pain that they're experiencing along the way to reaching their vision, right? So that's, that's what the problem means. Four is diagnosis. Diagnosis is what is the root cause? What is making their problems the case? Because if they didn't have any problems, they would be able to reach their vision, you know, without you and without any situations, without any issues, without any negative circumstances happening. But they do have negative circumstances, situations or blocks or confusions or things they need to learn or wrong ideas they have about, you know, they have these problems and what is the cause of it, right? So again, let's say you were helping someone to become confident. But their problem is that they believe that, oh, well, I can't become confident because other people are more confident. So if I'm in a situation where other people are confident, then naturally, I'm, well, the diagnosis is that, well, I'm not a confidence coach, right? So I'm going to make this up, but I'm just giving you an example. You know that, well, you know what? Well, I'll just say this and then I'll use one of my own examples. Diagnosis for somebody who's not confident could be that they don't understand who they really are. Like if they understood that they are a spirit, having a human experience, and that they are, you know, loved by the creator. And I don't know how you coach people to confidence, but I'm just giving you one diagnosis, one possibility that a spiritual coach might say. Do you see what I mean? So diagnosis is what's causing the problem that's preventing you from reaching your goal. And when it comes to my own field of marketing, let's say that you are trying to make sales, you're trying to get people to buy your course, your online courses, but they're not buying it. Well, that's the problem is people aren't buying it, right? The diagnosis is, well, your warm audience isn't big enough, right? You might have heard me say these things before. Your warm audience is big enough. You built the course. You built the marketing and the course without being in partnership with your audience, so you just, you did it in your own closet. And now you're trying to push it down their throats. Of course that doesn't work. So the diagnosis is you didn't do it in partnership with your audience. So you see what I mean? So the diagnosis is why? Why did it happen? And if you could say the diagnosis in a way that makes people go, oh, that makes a lot of sense. That's why it didn't work. That's what we really want. That's you need to understand your ideal client well enough and to understand their problem well enough and why the problem is happening well enough to be able to speak in a language that they say, thank you for helping me fully grasp why. So that now the problem and why I'm not reaching my vision is not just some kind of random, I'm not good enough. No, now I understand why I'm not able to reach the vision. Now I feel like I can work with you to get, to overcome these blocks, right? So diagnosis is really important. Five is process, process. Now, let me say what I've talked about thus far. We talked about vision one, we talked about results, right? So vision is what you aim to help people achieve. Results is what you already have achieved with clients or in your own life. Three is the problems that people have when they try to reach the vision. Fourth is the diagnosis of why they're having those problems. And fifth is the process. The process of what is your modality? Do you use human design? Do you use EFT tapping? Do you use voice dialogue? What is the thing you use with your clients in order to help them solve the problems and reach the vision? Like you teach them this exercise, you help them understand this framework. What is your process? So most people, when they do their marketing, they focus very heavily on their process. Well, if you work with me, we're going to do this, we're going to do that, we're going to learn this, we're going to do this exercise, you're going to learn this framework. And that's fine, but sometimes it's premature to talk about process before you have really talked about the vision or the results and the problems and the diagnosis so that the client, the potential clients, says, I believe you now. See, before they say I believe you and you're talking about your process, they're like, well, okay, that's your process and that's fine. It doesn't interest me because I don't know if you can really get me to where I want to go. You haven't related to me yet. So the process needs to come later after you can relate to them and go, oh, this is why I need to work with you. Okay, so that's the process, your framework, your step-by-step process. Six is your passion. Now, what's the difference? The passion is basically why you're doing your business. You're not doing your business just for the money. Yes, of course, you hope to be able to have a true livelihood. You hope to be able to earn an income by doing the work, but that's not why you're doing this work. You're doing this work because you're really passionate about probably your modality, your process or the vision that you help people get to or the results you've seen or you're passionate about the fact that you have a great diagnosis on the problems that your clients are facing. That's your passion. Talk about the passion and the passion. What's the difference between the passion and the vision? The passion is probably your origin story, and I apologize for my alarm here going off. Your passion is your origin story. This is why you started becoming so excited about your work. So my passion, my origin story, and I've said before, okay, so a couple of areas where your passion can come. One is your origin story. One is maybe you are rebelling against some kind of mainstream knowledge that you don't believe is helpful for your ideal client. So that's really a lot. My passion really is around both of those things. My origin story is that I had a successful business, but then realized that it was going against my conscience every day, and it was not fulfilling in my heart. It was inauthentic, and so I had that experience, and I said, I don't want that experience anymore, and I see a lot of people who are trying to follow the mainstream models and having an inauthentic experience, and I want to help them find a better way. I want to help them find an authentic experience to build a business and to feel truly fulfilled knowing that they're being honest, that they are being true to their hearts, and that they are feeling like they're really in service and not trying to manipulate others. So you could tell what my passion is, and I talk about these things all the time. That's my passion is my origin story, but also my rebelling against the conventional wisdom, you see. So that is, I talk about passion all the time. And then finally, seven is credibility. Now, credibility is already going to be formed if you talk about these different things, if you can describe a vision that excites your client, if you can talk about the results that you achieved in your life or in the client's lives that you've served, that's already credible, or if you can talk about the problems and the way that they go, yep, that's what I'm going through, and if you give a diagnosis, that go, wow, that's why I'm going through that. You are already credible, and then you talk about the process and passion a little bit less about credibility, that the first four are more. But besides all those things, it's also important for you to mention more traditional measures of credibility, such as how many years have you been studying this topic? Because did you just start yesterday? No, you didn't. Did you just start a week ago? No, you probably have been studying this stuff for at least months, probably years, and you've been trying to solve this problem for yourself or maybe for other people for at least months, if not years. Maybe you have a certification of some kind or multiple certifications, okay? Maybe you've had the privilege of learning from some famous person, right? Maybe you've read a lot of books, I don't know. What is your credibility in the mainstream way? Oh, maybe you have some numbers to share with us. Maybe you have, when clients work with you, they experience 200% improvement in their relationship, or whatever that you've measured, right, in your work. So credibility is all those different things. So again, the seven areas are vision. And these are things that you can literally spend 15 minutes per section writing about. And once you've written these things, you've got your services page. Yes, how do people work with you? I've just given you the template for how to describe these things, right? So you could spend 15 minutes each writing these seven sections, or you could take one section at a time and make it into a blog post or a video you can make, or you can combine multiple sections. You can talk about the vision and the problems that people have to try to reach that vision. That could be one blog post or a video. Or you could talk about the diagnosis and your passion for that diagnosis, right? You could combine these different things and the different combinations to make content. So the seven things I've told you are both how to write your website, how to write your services page rather, maybe your website, different parts of your website, but also each of these or the combinations thereof are content pieces. And the last thing I'll say is be careful of perfectionism. Writing these things is not a one time.  It's not a one time thing. It is a continually coming back to it month after month to make it even better. So right now, put something up on your website after 15 minutes of writing your vision, put it up on your website, seriously, do it. And then a month later, come back and go, how can I make that vision statement even better? How can I make my diagnosis blog post even better? Do it now. And then every month you come back and go, or whatever, every few weeks, every month, every few months, you come back and go, how can I make that one better? And that's how you move forward with marketing, copywriting, that's authentic, not trying to persuade anybody, but sharing your passionate vision, passionate results, passion diagnosis process, all that problems and all those things, you're sharing authentically, you're not trying to persuade anybody, but you're trying to say, hey, listen, this is what I believe. This is what I believe. This is what I believe now. This is how I'm going to describe it now. And then I'm going to keep improving on this over time. So I hope this is helpful and please let me know what you think about this. If you have any examples to share with me, please go ahead and chat below. Yeah, feel free to publicly journal on these seven areas below the video. If you have any questions, you can comment below and thank you so much for joining me. All right, my name is George Kow, Authentic Business Coach. I love talking about authentic marketing and how to build your business in a way that really something that you can love and keep loving for a long, long time. Hope this helps and I'll see you in the next video. Take care.


With the US Open only a couple of days away, let's go and look at the betting for the US Open. Who's actually the favorite going in with both the men and the women's? Also, we're going to go for some unseated players that maybe you should look out for. If you are going to put a bet on the winner of the US Open. So starting on the women's side, Iggish Fyontech, world number one defending champion. She's still the favorite despite not winning any of the lead-up events. Sabalanga is second favorite, and Goff comes in at third favorite, which is a little bit interesting considering her record at slams isn't as good as some of the other players around her, but she did win two out of the three warm-up events in Washington, also Cincinnati, beating Fyontech as well, that helps. So she comes in at third favorite, Rabakiner at fourth favorite, and Pagula, she is the fifth favorite. So five out of the top six seeds are the favorite. Interesting that Jabir defending finalists is at 19, but she does have a foot problem that maybe is scaring people away. So I'm going to watch out for though, is Mukava at number 10. Of course, made the final of Cincinnati, made the final of the French Open as well and is in good form. So definitely worth keeping an eye on her. Maybe if you want to go outside of the top favorites, but a player outside of the top 15 that you should keep an eye on, Svedalina. She's a plus 5,000, which is really interesting because of course she has had a good run at both the slams in her comeback, making the quarterfinals, semi-finals of Wimbledon, beating Fyontech along the way. So definitely worth a look as well. Svedalina also has made a semi-final at the US Open, so maybe worth a look if you want to go a little bit further outside of the favorites. Jumping over the men's side, and Novak Djokovic, he's the favorite for the event. Just ahead of Elkiraz, which is interesting. Had the result gone the other way in Cincinnati, maybe it would have been Elkiraz the favorite. Medvedev, of course, third favorite. He's won this tournament before. And Yannick Sinek, winning in Canada, definitely helped that. And the fact that he can compete against Elkiraz has beaten Elkiraz this year in a hard court. I think that definitely helps as well. And then interestingly enough, Zverev, he is now the fifth favorite going into the US Open. Ahead of guys like Siti Pass, Rude, Runa, even Fritz and Tiafo. He's more of a favorite than those guys, of course, made the final in 2020. Just played Djokovic last week in Cincinnati, so making the semifinals there, I think, definitely helped. And if you want to go with players a little bit further outside, who be her catch? The best of the guys outside of the top 15, paying it plus 8,000, of course, had match points against Elkiraz, pushed Djokovic, out Wimbledon as well. So definitely worth a look if you want to go someone a little bit further out. But other than that, I mean, on the men's side, it's a lot more simple. There's only a couple of core guys that can win. On the women's side, we've seen unseated players and random players win the US Open and other tournaments for four. But on the men's side, it's a little bit more straightforward. Let's go have a look at the unseated players worth a look outside of that top 32. On the women's side, Danielle Collins, Bianca Andrescu, Linda Fritova, Linda Noscova, and also Mira Andreva. All worth a look at outside of that top 32 and some of the unseated players that are actually pretty high up in the bed in compared to some of the players that are actually seated. On the men's side, though, there is not too much to look out for outside of the top 32. Baratini, Murray team, Vavrinca and Monfice, all familiar names, all have a lot of experience at Grand Slam level, but still not really worth a look at in terms of them because, of course, it's very unlikely that an unseated player wins the US Open on the men's side these days. And especially with guys like Djokovic and Elkara as dominating most of the tournaments throughout the tour. Mehvedev not far behind and, of course, guys like Sinneru becoming more reliable. Very hard to pick someone outside of the top 32 on the men's side that's gonna win. But on the women's side, we do have a possibility that an unseated player could win the US Open. It wouldn't be so random. So there you have it. They are the betting for the tournament. Of course, for the top 32 and also the players outside. Just the unseated player's worth a look, maybe. Let me know down in the comments below. Who are you betting on for the US Open if you are gonna bet on the US Open? Like I said, on the men's side, there's only a couple of guys that you'd probably take a bet on. I mean, it's very of the fifth favourite. That's pretty interesting. Considering that he has made a final here before, would be a massive comeback for him. Made the semi-finals of the French Open. So he's not out of form that much. Made the semi-finals last week in Cincinnati as well, but usually it's Djokovic, Elkara, Mehvedev. I think one of those guys is probably the one who's gonna win, right? And on the women's side, there is also worth something. I mean, obviously the favourites are there, but sometimes the favourites don't win. Of course, we have seen Rotter Canu two years ago coming out of nowhere from the Qualies to win the event. So it may be a champion there, random champion potentially outside of that top 10. But let me know down in the comments below who you're gonna bet on for the US Open, which starts in a couple of days' time.


SA's back with SAX, the Chex notes 10th entry in the SA franchise, the SA GA if you will. Let's review it. This is going to be spoiler free, so don't worry about Jigsaw's plans getting ruined. You can see that for yourself. I'm just going to give you the heads up on what to expect. This time Jigsaw aka Jon Kramer is front and center, played once again by Tobin Bell.  Why not? You know? He does a good job, and they'll never stop making these movies. This film follows Jon Kramer and his 45 year battle with cancer. He's been fighting cancer so long I feel like he will outlive me. I've seen a handful of SA films, certainly not all of them. Probably seen more than I haven't. I'm not huge on the franchise, so you know you may not want to look to me when it comes to expert opinions on SA films. But if I take this as a standalone entry, which I almost think the movie wants me to, even though it says it's SA 10, it kind of feels like its own thing. A rebirth of sorts. Even though there is familiar faces here and there, this does have a different style to it. Whereas the past films treat Jon Kramer as kind of an unhinged psychopath that's justifying what he's doing. This one's more or less hey I got a unique set of skills. Skills I've acquired over a long period of time. And now is the time for me to put them to actual good use. An anti-hero-esque sort of storyline. And in that sense I appreciated the fresh take. Again, if we take this as an actual saga, I think it's bizarre that he continues to elude death. I think he has actually died in the franchise one or two times. And they keep dusting off the old bones and bringing him back out somehow through resurrection, through a seance. I don't know what they're doing, okay?  We do have a lot of gore. If you were worried that they were gonna water this down, no, no, no. They bloodied it up. There's flesh tearing, brain ripping, skin cutting, good old-fashioned fun for the whole family. I mean not really, you don't bring the whole family to this. And unless you're a fan of these movies, I wouldn't go out and see it to begin with. I mean obviously we're 10 deep so it has a built-in audience that's going to look forward to these films every time. If you are new to the series, certainly wouldn't start with 10. Because while it does feel different from the others, there's obviously a connective tissue at play. From a visual standpoint, it kind of jumps between two different looks here. We have the gross stuff going on in the warehouse where people are being tortured, ripped apart.  You spend a good 25 minutes with Tobin with his character before we even get off to the races. And off with the faces I guess would be more appropriate. As with most of these saw movies, I don't care what kind of degree you have. I don't care how much prep time was allowed. There is no shot this 80-year-old dude set up all these traps. And I'm pretty positive he did it in like 72 hours in the film. He had like very little time. Of course we saw him sketching some stuff out here and there, but still it's one thing to have a vision. It's another to make that dream become a reality. But we turn it off, right? We literally remove some of the brain that has to do with critical thinking and we just watch these movies play out. This is not a great movie by any stretch of the imagination. It's a fine time though if you're into this kind of thing. Yeah, it's going to be very gory for you if you don't want to see eyeballs popping out. Definitely don't go to this.  Yeah, you're gonna have some fun here. It has a really bad ending.   And I do believe it was brilliant. It really all kind of led to this crescendo of a moment at the end. This movie doesn't have a good ending.  And it felt like again, I was watching some completely different movie than saw. I'll leave it there and you can tell me what you thought in the comments below. Please think about subscribing to the channel. I play a lot of games here too. And those games are movie reviews, movie roasts, live streams, all sorts of fun stuff related to movies. We'd love to have you stick around. If you like the video, go ahead and rev up a chainsaw, cut that like button right down in the middle. Feel free to splash some sulfuric acid on the subscribe button as long as it still works afterwards. We're in good shape. And hopefully I'll catch you next time. Oh yeah, John Cramer brought his doll back. He likes to put on the show. The guy's got some flair. What can we say?


This paper examined the practice of sample size justification in qualitative health research published in three different journals. The authors found that sample size justification was limited and that it was rarely related to the number of interviews. Instead, sample size was usually justified based on the principle of saturation or pragmatic considerations. Furthermore, the authors observed that qualitative sample sizes were often described as insufficient and discussed in relation to study limitations. They concluded that qualitative researchers should be more transparent when discussing sample size, and that data adequacy should be evaluated with reference to feature specific to each individual study. Additionally, reviewers should support this type of transparency by providing feedback on the adequacy of sample size. This article was authored by Konstantin Vassilay, Julie Barnett, Susan Thorpe, and others.


All right, so there you have a new product right here, a Geniatek C-SOOT. So you do a VR headset? Yeah, it's a VR headset. Android Powered. We put an Android system inside and a very strong CPU from M-Logic with a quad-core GPU. So it works by itself, there's no phone inside? No phone inside, it's not like the frame. It's not a cardboard, it's putting fully running Android OS inside. And what's the platform, the processor? From M-Logic, quad-core. So that means it's not so heavy, it's good weight, good optics, and everybody in the family can have one. They don't need to put the phone in and out, in and out. But now the next trick is to get a nice UI, a nice interface system, right? What do you have for that so far? Yeah, we already tweaked Android for dual display for left part and right part. And also our unique feature is we also have HDMI input for that. So you can connect to the Xbox, to other setup box, other video source and still get VR. But then it's not head tracking maybe enabled? Unless it remotely sends the signals back to the PC or something? We have a Bluetooth and can send back to the PC but need the third party application working on that. Alright, so this is going to be big, how big do you think it's going to be? This kind of VR industry, the VR market. It's a big trend, it's going to be big now. Yeah, it's a big now but just a start. Just starting, alright.


Twitter! Today we'll be reacting What are we reacting to? It's called Game of Thrones What? Nudity Explan I've always wanted to know this To stand up comedy bit by uh Should we read that for me? Sorabh Pant Sorabh Pant Does he do it naked? Uh no I think he just explains the nakedness Oh yes Okay Uh we are Big Game of Thrones fans You can't wait for next season April's coming Please let us know if you are fans as well Just like Winter April's coming And who's your favorite character? It's Tyrion Ned He's dead I don't care I love Ned Stark Anyways but uh so this should be fun Uh I don't know what you're going to say Oh yes spoiler arc What do you want to know if you can all stand behind? It's um like it is basically turned into this Amazing TV series How many people here love Game of Thrones? How many people here love Game of Thrones? Game of Thrones fans love it How many people have never watched it or don't like it? How many people? That's okay That's fine What's wrong with you?


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. So for today's video, we are going to be talking about my favorite beauty products for the month of March. Just the products that I have been loving and repeatedly wearing. So if you are interested in hearing about them, then just keep watching. So March. Do I even need to do an update on March? Dang. Today is Monday. I actually started teaching online today. My kids started their first day of distance learning. So right now it's a huge learning process for all of us. I told my kids I really don't know what I'm doing just as much as they don't know what they're doing. So we're just trying to put the pieces together, figure everything out. As you can tell, the positive for me out of all of this is being able to put more time into my channel. I'm going to put time into my students, of course, and then have my YouTube stuff and the opportunity to work on that. So I'm very excited. It's been really fun doing these daily uploads. I've been like thriving off of it and I hope that you guys have as well. I didn't buy too many makeup products this month. I did buy some stuff and I will do a haul of the stuff that I've kind of collectively purchased.  So some of the stuff in here is actually like older products that I've gone back on. But first we're going to talk about the makeup beauty and then I want to go into skincare and other kind of stuff. So we're going to start off with a lip mask that I've absolutely fallen in love with. And this is from Tatcha. And this is the Kisu Lip Mask. This is what I've been wearing. I'm a huge fan of the Laneige Sleeping Mask, but this, I love, it's a gel consistency. And I think I might like this more than the Laneige. So if you're looking for a switch or something even better, this Tatcha is absolutely amazing. It leaves my lips just feeling so fresh. Even if I'm dehydrated and my lips are cracked, this solves it truly like basically upon application.  Once you put this on, it truly changes the texture of your lips. And I've been so obsessed with this, I haven't had cracky, cakey lips in my videos recently. And it is because of this product. It's pricey, but truly worth every penny. Highly recommend this. I've been loving this lip mask. So my next product is an extremely old product, but I kind of rediscovered it through doing Shot My Stash and digging into my collection. And the Too Faced Sweet Tea Bronzer. This is part of the Sweethearts collection and it's a bronzer in shade Sweet Tea. I used to love this bronzer. Stopped using it, forgot about it. Picked this up a couple weeks ago, have not been able to put it down. It truly is like the perfect bronzer. It's not too cool. It's not too warm. It's not really neutral though. It still warms you up, but it's not like orange. It has a little bit of a glow to it, but it's very healthy. It doesn't emphasize texture. It is literally the perfect, most natural bronzer and I've been obsessed with it. I love the way it applies to the skin. It applies super smooth, super even. This is truly an exceptional bronzer and it's in super cute packaging. Maybe a little bit inconvenient, but honestly, I love this bronzer. You get so much product. I've had it for a while and I'm so happy I randomly dug into this again because I refell in love with it and you know, since the last time I've used it a lot has changed as far as my makeup preferences and oh my gosh, it's even better than before. I think I love this bronzer. Highly, highly, highly recommend it or if you have it in your collection already, please dig into it. It is awesome. I also have a couple of cheek products. So the first one is from the new Ophra and Samantha March collection. The collection was one of the few kind of items that I've purchased this month, but I have been loving the blush duo in the shade Chiklet, particularly the matte side right here where it's a little bit more of a peachy pink. It is a beautiful blush. I love pink blushes and this for me has been the perfect wearable pink blush. I just think it's stunning on the cheeks. I'm not wearing it today, but it applies very beautiful. It's very smooth. So if I want a deeper flush with a little bit of a sheen to it, I'll mix both of these and it's still a very pretty cheek. But honestly, I just love the matte side so much. I've been so obsessed with this blush. You know what, right now a lot of people, they rely on their YouTube and any sort of YouTube affiliations for their income and people aren't shopping. Obviously for a good reason. But if you are looking for a good way to support somebody and help somebody who does rely on basically YouTube and their affiliations from YouTube for their full-time income, this is a great collaboration to support because that's what Samantha March does.  I think right now if you are going to shop, it's a really great time to focus on smaller brands or collaborations for people who maybe don't have a billion subscribers. You know, love this blush. It's beautiful. Also, I've been loving this NARS Overlust Cheek Palette. I've kind of fallen off of NARS. I reviewed a lot of NARS on my channel in the beginning up until like last year and I would always purchase their stuff but it just got to the point where everything looked the same and I was extremely bored and I was like, what are they doing? I had a billion cheek palettes from them. I had a billion eyeshadow palettes. It just was repetitive, I felt. So I passed on this cheek palette. Obviously I eventually caved because it just looked so beautiful, so neutral, so wearable and everybody was loving it.  The eyeshadow palette also was calling me but y'all have seen my eyeshadow collections. I do not need it. But this blush palette, tell me how stunning it is. It is just the perfect neutral everyday blush palette. The colors do pull a little bit brighter on the cheek or a little bit more different. I suppose is the best way to put it because I thought it was going to be extremely neutral but I will say like these colors pull a little bit more warm than I was expecting. But either way, it's a beautiful everyday blush palette. I haven't reached so much for these, I guess, highlighters up here. I haven't been very impressed by them to be honest. I don't think they're super blingy or pretty. I think they're okay but I just have other highlighter formulas that I like better. So sometimes I'll actually use these as blush choppers though just all over my cheek for a glowy cheek because I love that. But for the most part, I've been obsessing over these blushes. I think they are the perfect colors and I can see why so many people love this palette. So I'm sorry to all of those that asked me to review this and I was like, no, I'm not purchasing it. Well, I did and I love this palette. I think it's great. So been loving this, right? So let's move on to eyes. The big purchase that I made this month was the Charlotte Tilbury eye color magic collection because I love Charlotte Tilbury and that was like all before this madness happened. So she came out with four eye quads and I picked out two to share with you for this month. I loved all four, but these two have kind of stood out to me and I've been wanting to reach for them. So the first one, I'll start off with the one that I am wearing. This is green lights. So this is the same as the rebel. She just renamed it kind of remarketed it, which is annoying. But nonetheless, this palette I have been absolutely loving. It is so pretty. If you like greens, I think you will really enjoy this palette. I've been loving greens, especially for spring and just all year round not even just for spring, but I thought it would go well with my spring top, which by the way, I just purchased from American Eagle. They were having a 50% off sale. So how cute is this? I will link this as well because so cute. Such a good deal. Anyways, back to the eyeshadow. So today I did it Charlotte Tilbury style.  It's so effortless and this is what I love about Charlotte Tilbury is how effortless the eyeshadow looks, but it just looks so dang good. So I've been loving this look in particular. I also want to feature the matching eyeliner with this palette because they really do go hand in hand. By the way, this little curl right here is really bothering me. I hate it. Why? Why? So annoying. So this is her eye color magic duo in the green lights. So on one side you have a metallic and then on the other side you have kind of this emerald almost teal color, like a deep emerald teal and they're so beautiful and so I do have to update you on how I like these. It's a little bit harder to apply than some other pencil liners that I prefer but the catches these stay on forever. I don't find that they bleed. I don't find that they transfer so as far as longevity goes this is an amazing eye pencil. Now you do have to work for application because it does skip a little bit more than I would like. So even today when I was using it, it took a few times of going over reapplying kind of having to study my eyelid to really get it to apply. So it does have some drag to it, not the best pencil I've used for that purpose but I love this color. Like I never thought a teal eyeliner would look so good and it makes me want to purchase the other eyeliners because if the colors are as spectacular as this, it goes with the quads as well as they do with the green one. I need it. Like I love how this looks. This eyeliner isn't perfect but I've made it work and honestly I would rather it last long than be so creamy that it doesn't last in my eyes and it bleeds. So I'm okay with a little bit of drag because I can still make it work and the color completely makes up for it. Now if this was black, I wouldn't be happy with this eyeliner because there are a lot of great black eyeliners that are smooth and creamy and last but because of this color, it's okay because it's so beautiful. So the other quad that really impressed me from the collection was the mesmerizing maroon. Truly, like yeah, it is maroon but I find that it's more plum or on me at least it pulls more plum and you guys know how I love plum. So I've just been loving this color story. I love how it looks when it's applied Charlotte Tilbury style. I mean, I'm not wearing it now but it's one of my favorite of the four and it's truly one of my new favorite Charlotte Tilbury quads. It's so beautiful.  The way that they shimmer, it's just special. I mean, my favorite looks lately have been with mesmerizing maroon and green lights. I also want to mention a pair of eyelashes that I have been loving. I'm wearing them right now so I can't really show you but of course I have the close up. These are the Ardell Naked Lashes. The Naked Lashes line in general, so good. I'm obsessed. Ardell did a fabulous job with this collection. So if you like natural lashes or natural looking false lashes, you really need these. These look like they're made of mink lashes, truly. They look so much more expensive than they are but you have to like the look of natural lashes because these lashes aren't exceptionally long. They're not exceptionally thick but they're just the perfect false lash for every day. And what I like about them especially is how multi-dimensional they are. Like they are layered. They have hairs. You saw in the example. It's a very natural looking lash. It looks fluffy and you really can't find that a lot with Ardell typically or these drugstore eyelashes. There's something special about this Naked Line. She has a few other different styles and I hope she expands her styles because I don't know if Ardell is a sheet but I hope they expand their styles. Right now I'm currently wearing 421. This is the pair that I'm currently working on but it's so beautiful. I've been grabbing from all the time. Now it's not for dramatic makeup looks but for every day they look so natural and they really thicken up my lashes. So I've been loving these lashes. Definitely look into this line and they're super affordable so really great job done by Ardell. I have a couple of skincare items that I've been really enjoying because I've had time to really work on my skincare. Kind of take a look at how my skin is reacting to skincare and different makeup products. The reason why I didn't have any like foundation or anything in this video is because my skin had a freak out over something and I didn't know what it was. I've had enough of not knowing what breaks me out so I've kind of been controlling the products I use on my face so I haven't been experimenting or playing. So I've been using a lot of the same products to really see how my face reacts to it but one thing I want to talk about is the skincare brand Erno Laszlo. I love it. So I have this little travel kit. I want to talk about the products individually so I've been using these hand in hand. The Erno Laszlo detoxifying cleansing oil and then just this black bar. So if you're familiar with skincare there is a technique called like double cleansing.  So I've been using the Erno Laszlo detoxifying cleansing oil first. I don't use this every single day. I really only double cleanse on the days that I wore makeup which I guess has been every day because I've been filming every day but every evening that I wear makeup I'll start off with this detoxifying cleansing oil. It's extremely gentle and I don't know how I lived without this truly because even after you take up your makeup like this really gets off every bit of residue that you left on your skin.  So this is double duty amazing. I recommend using an oil based cleanser because it really does break up the makeup. It's so good. This is awesome.  And then after that I'll go in with this black bar. So it's a charcoal cleanser. So it's black, sea mud, something I don't know. I'm not very familiar with skincare terms but anyways it really detoxifies and gets in there and cleans your skin really well. The only thing is this like leaves a black residue on my sink because it's charcoal. Just these two in combination have really left my skin feeling really clean and very cleansed and I don't think I've ever had a cleaner skin truly. So if you feel like you have clogged pores or that you've just not been really cleansing your skin as clean as it could be. I'd recommend looking into some type of double cleansing system and I truly recommend Erno Lasso because it's good. My skin has been clean. Also I've been masking a lot. When I'm lazy I don't mask. When I'm busy I don't mask. I got nothing but time. So I've been loving the Rose Face Mask by Fresh. Like I said I've been trying to keep everything very controlled that I put on my face. So this is something that I know I can trust. So I've been putting this on any day, any time that I feel like it. I mean I've completely finished it. Now this is a baby one. I need to get a bigger one. But what I like about this is it's so gentle on the skin. So if you do have acne prone skin or sensitive skin like myself you can trust that this is going to be good for your skin. And this is just softly moisturizes and plumps your skin. It's not an intensive moisturizing mask which I like.  You leave it on for literally 5 to 10 minutes. It's not a super long process. And you take it off and your skin instantly just feels better and fresher and more moisturized. So this is a quick mask. It works great. It's great for sensitive skin. And I've been wearing this all the time because I know it's not going to irritate my skin. And it just really aids in some areas that I need help. I hope that you've been washing your hands a lot. I do have to mention this because my hands I noticed from washing them have been so dry and scaly. And I've been using a lot of different moisturizers and nothing really seemed to solve my scaly skin until I tried a philosophy hand cream. Now this is just a random one I had laying around my house. I'm sure every one of their hand creams are great. But if you're looking for a good hand cream I would recommend looking into philosophy because my hands are back to normal now. They're soft. This is the only hand cream that has solved my scaly reptile skin. So if you're noticing dry hands from sanitizing and washing your hands, definitely look into philosophy. This is the best hand cream that I've tried and it doesn't leave my hands feeling like super gross or oily either after it's sunk in. Like your hands just feel moisturized and good. Last thing kind of random, but they're so cute. I just wanted to share with you. These are from Tom's and I love Tom's. I have like a billion pairs. They're so comfortable to throw on and look at these. These are sushi Tom's. They also have really cute ones with Boba. Look how cute these are. I've been loving wearing these. I've been obviously been wearing them around my house and nowhere else, but I'm a huge sushi addict. So these just, you spoke to me. So I wanted to share them with you guys. That is all I have for this month's favorites. Obviously it's been a very interesting month, but I've actually worn more makeup than I usually do because I'm bored and I'm filming all of these videos. So I put makeup on. So there's been a lot of good products going through my daily routine. That is all I have for today's video. I hope you guys enjoyed it. If you aren't subscribed to my channel already, I hope you guys take the time to do so. And I will see you guys in the next one. Bye guys. Make sure you are staying safe, staying healthy and in your house. Bye guys.