Good morning from VMWare Explorer day three on the floor here at the Venetian Expo. Lisa Martin with Rob Stricci. We have been covering VMWare Explorer. This is our third day of coverage. A lot of content here. We've had some great discussions. We always do with VMWare executives, partners, customers, analysts, influencers. We're going to be talking to IBM next about containers and VMs living in harmony. Pete Brie is back with us, Global Product Executive at IBM. Bradley Knapp is here as well, Product Leader IBM Cloud for SAP at IBM. Guys, welcome. Good morning. Good morning. Thanks so much for having us. Pete, you had a talk at VMWare Explorer this week about containers and VMs living in harmony. How does that happen? What did you talk about? Excellent question. Given my experience at Red Hat and what we saw in terms of the trends. I still believe we're at the beginning of a great evolution in the industry. People are dealing with these challenges around hybrid cloud and how do I bring AI in and generative AI as the latest thing. The challenge that they have is how do we move from yesterday's architectures and the way things were done into this brave new world of containers. What I'm finding here on the show floor and even talking with our various different customers is that they really need flexibility is really what it's about at the end of the day. Let's face it, virtual machine technology is not going to go away anytime soon. It's here to stay for a long, long time, but people are attracted to modernizing their applications, modernizing their infrastructure. As they go about that journey, they're looking for ways that they can do that, maintain their current environments, but move to these new environments and get a lot of the benefits of those new environments. We've been working between IBM and Red Hat very closely to recognize that that's a need in the marketplace, but also deliver some of the technology that's going to enable that to happen for them. What are some of the, give us maybe an example of a customer who's going through that modernization. Where do they start? What's that process like and how does IBM a facilitator? Yeah, in this particular case, it's a healthcare software company. I actually just spoke to them this morning and they were talking about how they've already modernized a part of their portfolio and they have a very vast portfolio of software. They've modernized part of it and they've been working very closely with Red Hat to port their applications onto OpenShift, but they still have some of the interfaces and some of the APIs are still in their legacy environments. And so the conversation they were having with us is, how do we do this? What tools do you have available to help us assess the applications that we have today so that we can make some wise decisions and some wise choices as we move down this path of modernization? Yeah, and it would seem like this is a journey that people go both in the cloud and on-premise as well. On-premise is not going away, especially for newer applications. I think we see less quote-unquote repatriation, but more, hey, net new, we're going to start here and then maybe we take it to a cloud. And it would seem that VMware is kind of the glue between cloud and on-prem for you as well. Is that what you would... Oh, I think that's absolutely a fair statement. So if you think about the challenge in a company that's running a really large estate, right? So they've got a large on-premise hosted colo, whatever it may be, but their own estate that they own and run. And then there need to also be flexible to get workloads into the cloud, maybe to stay, maybe just for a little while. You have to have some sort of an underlying orchestration technology that makes that happen, right? VMware makes it very easy for that hybrid cloud scenario to happen where it's not necessarily repatriation, it's putting the workload where it makes the most sense. If you have something that's really peaky bursty that needs the ability to scale up and down quickly, that's the kind of thing that's perfect to go out into the cloud. Always has been. If it's the kind of thing that's very steady state, it's going to run forever, it's really not going to see peak burst, all that. Maybe that makes sense to put on-premise because you look at a TCO calculation and you say, man, the numbers just work a whole lot better. I can run this on some older hardware. It's got the latest version of ESX on it. It'll be just fine in there. But it's hard to know in the new product development cycle which one's it going to be, right? Sometimes you know, sometimes you don't.  Yeah. And I think a key aspect of that is not just the application side of the equation, but the data that goes with the applications. And it's interesting, we were talking with Dave yesterday about this concept of entropy in the industry right now. And there's a lot of change happening. And people are looking for, what's my landing spot? What can I count on here? And the ability to move the data together with the applications where we're talking about on-prem, VMs to containers, containers to VMs, hybrid cloud, doing that on a global basis. There's some really exciting technology that I think about it as solving the speed of light problem, right? Because moving large data sets, moving applications is one thing, but moving very large data sets is a whole different problem. And there's newer approaches to being able to solve that problem in a hybrid, multi-cloud context. From a multi-cloud perspective, we talk so often about so many companies are in the multi-cloud situation kind of by, well, whether it's M&A, Shadow IT, whatnot, it's complex. And we heard from the show this week, and we hear this from a lot of companies, what they're doing to help customers dial down the complexity and really turn their multi-cloud environment into a strategic advantage. How does IBM help customers achieve that as they're living in this hybrid multi-cloud world? Yeah, that's an excellent point. And one of the things that we've been working very closely with Red Hat and Red Hat OpenShift in particular is a product called IBM Fusion, which is really, it's available as a hyper-converged platform, but it's also available as software because, again, back to the flexibility point, I might be running on the public cloud, I might be running on-prem, and I want a turnkey hyper-converged system that I can just drop in and fire up very, very quickly. And so we've built in, and a lot of this is obviously based upon the concepts of Kubernetes and the degree of automation that Kubernetes delivers through OpenShift, things like operators, and really automating as much of that because I think that's the new mantra in this new world, is anything that can be automated should be automated because that's the only way we're going to be able to deal with the scale and also deal with the entropy and the level of change that's happening, too. Yeah, and I would say that it seems like that bringing that type of technology to your point, I mean, data, I always say data has weight, it has gravity, and it tends to be, it would seem like, again, you want to bring, sometimes you want to bring the apps to the data versus bringing the data to the apps or where have you. How does that play with Fusion and what you guys are putting out there now? Yeah, that's a great question, and we have, one of the reasons I actually came to IBM a year ago is actually because of this technology. And I'm a storage guy, you are too, you are also, and we have this acceleration technology, and many of you have probably heard about WatsonX and our play for generative AI, and Fusion is a key part of WatsonX, there's this thing called WatsonX.data, but we have this acceleration technology that can actually cache data globally around the world, so we can go find the data sets and we can bring it to the applications, and we can solve this problem, you know, the speed of light problem that I was talking about earlier.  I knew I was in the oil and gas industry, and we had a lot of SAP there, and I know because I have, like, my head goes back to actually writing a BAP code and all of that stuff for it, but how does that, how does the Fusion and what's going on in cloud and that data and WatsonX all come together? Well, so if you think about an ERP estate, just at kind of a high level, right, an ERP estate is not terribly exciting, but it's the most important thing you have. It's all of your invoicing, all of your PO, all of your inventory, what's going to whom, where, how, and when, right? These are not exciting things. It's programmatic issuing of trouble tickets so that you can fix something before it breaks, but the fusion of the data and AI components into the ERP estate, that's the really interesting part, right? The cool thing in AI right now, everybody wants to talk about LLMs. Oh, we got to go talk about the LLMs. LLMs are the greatest thing in the world. It's kind of fun to have a conversation with a computer, right? But in the world of enterprise, don't get me wrong, LLMs have very distinct places, but the large generative AI can do so much more if I am in the manufacturing sector, is it more useful for me for my, you know, 50 customers to be able to have a generative AI that's an LLM that they can ask, like, hey, when's my next shipment going to be here? Like, that's kind of cool, but is that anywhere near as useful as feeding hundreds of thousands of sensors and all of that edge data, bringing it back into a central processing location, feeding that through the generative AI, and then all of a sudden figuring out, okay, we have no idea why, but when this, this, and this combines, when we get these three anomalous inputs, that's going to lead to this fourth very bad thing. We cannot explain why. The computer's the one who told us how, but when this happens, we know that we need to go out and fix it. That's not cool unless you're in the industry, but if you can get that programmatic ticket to go out and repair before something goes wrong, maybe that stops a 50 or 100 million dollar outage or a 30 million dollar crash on a machine or a tool and die crash where you've then got to be down for weeks before new tools can be built. Like, that's the genuinely exciting things. Now, it's exciting in a very weird way. It's a tech way exciting. It's not having a chat with a computer, but at the same time, the fact that you already have all of this data that's spread all throughout the world and maybe you can have, going back into manufacturing again, maybe you can get learning from sensor platforms in, I don't know, Australia, that are going to apply to your manufacturing location in Germany. And the ability to bring all that edge data back to cache it so that your machine learning algorithms can work their way through it, make those predictions and you can look at it and you can say, I've no explanation for why this is, but now we know that it is. The machine proved it out. It showed us its work and holy cow, now we're off to the races. Definitely. And I think what's interesting is that IBM has a full stack here and I think this is why I get excited every time I talk to you guys because I think it's one of these things that I learn something new every time about what you've been doing and I've known Watson for, you know, even before it got rebranded and what the way it's going and LLMs blew up and you know, I tried to use it with weather channel data at one point in time to do something with our product that I was running. And I think what's interesting is that there's a, I mean, data is that you have to have a data lake and but it's also you want to keep it secure and to your point on LLMs, I want, maybe it's not an LLM or it's an SLM like a specific or segmented large language model type of thing. Is that what you guys are bringing together with some of the fusion stuff and data lake stuff that you're doing? Yeah, absolutely. You know, we're working with the large language models but we also recognize, particularly as you look across, you know, vertical industries, you know, those models aren't necessarily, they're going to be more specific for those industries. You know, so we're doing that kind of work. We've built a data lake house, you know, that works hand in hand with Watson X, you know, so you can get the advantage of, you know, tapping into a lot of the new formats, a lot of the parquet formats that people are now using and be able to do selective queries. And, you know, I mentioned the acceleration technology earlier and some of our early, you know, research that we've done, we're able to speed up queries easily, orders of magnitude. So it's really exciting to us and again, it just underscores why it came to IBM. You're absolutely right. I mean, there's a vast portfolio of technology we have and I think IBM, you know, the new IBM, we're really figuring out how to align that technology to solve a lot of these business problems. No, yeah. Go, sorry, just double click into some of those business problems and really highlight from a fusion perspective, what are some of the key benefits it's delivering for customers? You talked about faster query speed, I think, performance, from a high level business perspective, what are some of the impacts that you're able to make? Go ahead and tell you what, let's jump into the reality of business use of AI for a moment, right? So we've got a brand new product out, the Watson X Studio, where the idea behind Studio is to make it possible for people who are not PhD data scientists to teach and more importantly, evaluate the effectiveness of different AI products. They could be LLMs, they could be SLMs, because IBM, we realize we are not going to write all of the world's best AI products. It's not going to happen. Now, we've got some really good ones, we've got some world leaders, but everything is going to be IBM and so the idea is to give a non-data scientist a single location to come in and they can say, all right, look, I want to evaluate these four models against each other to solve a very specific problem. My very specific problem is I have 50 years of contracts, and with amendments and statements of work and all of that, and I want an AI solution that is going to read my 50 years of contracts and I want to be able to ask it, synthesize for me a single contract that shows everything that's enforced for customer X, right? That's a really cool problem to solve. You could pay a hundred people to work a thousand hours each and do that, or you can have the AI model do it. But where it gets really interesting is, okay, there are maybe five or six different SLMs that you want to evaluate on how to do that. So the first thing you've got to do is you've got to train them all and then once you've trained them all, you've got to evaluate their efficacy. Well, again, you could hire some very expensive data science PhDs or using a product like Watson Studio, Watson X Studio, you can have somebody who is good at data and maybe good at technology and understands AI but doesn't have a PhD in data science because you can't be hamstrung by the inability to access a world expert to solve that business problem. You just need to know what contracts apply to that customer. It's like I talk about the democratization of these technologies and making it available to everybody in these organizations, not just the data scientist or not somebody who's peaked who has a PhD. The other big important piece that I want to get in there because again, you've got two guys from IBM and so you're never going to get away from a conversation with us without talking about Watson in some way, shape, or form, but also about trust and governance. I think everybody has seen on the news how AIs can go rather badly wrong if the prompt engineering is done correctly and things like that. That is certainly one part of trust and governance. The second part of trust and governance is being sure that your AI doesn't hallucinate and just start making things up. The third part is really around securing the data that you use to train your AI but also ensuring that I don't want my data to train an AI that's used by my competitor and I want to know that my results are confidential that I am not improving the outcomes for somebody else. So governance is not just about people, it's also about process, it's about security because when you go in and you have these enterprise conversations, if I go and I ask chat GPT and I don't know, tell me how to mix a paint, that's not exciting stuff but if I'm feeding all my contracts into an AI, I don't want to improve the contract reading ability of that AI for my competition because what happens if somebody can prompt engineer their way into my contract data? That's terrifying. And so that underlying trust, that underlying governance is so, so, so important and that's one of the things that I think all of the enterprises are looking at in this new exciting world of AI that they've got people that are pushing them, go, go, go and it's like, all right, hang on. We need to be able to have trust and faith that the decisions that the machines are suggesting are the right decisions but also that we're not going to accidentally send our confidential info out into the world. Makes total sense. It does. I'm just like, from a security perspective, you bring up such a great point. I'm just curious, when customers come to IBM talking about wanting to work with you guys to build AI products, what does a typical road map look like? Because, you know, you hear from executives around the world, if you're not in AI yet, you're behind. But what does a journey look like? I imagine it... So it is a journey. It absolutely is a journey, right? So in this, you asked one of my favorite questions because every, you know, AI is hot topic, right? Everybody wants to talk about it. And so it's go, go, go, go. I was actually presenting at an AI conference a couple of weeks ago and as part of my session, I asked everyone who was there what's the first step in an AI journey if you're going to go out and you're going to engage some consultants and engage somebody like IBM to help you out. What's the first step? And I got all kinds of answers. But none of the people gave the answer that is my personal favorite which is what business outcome am I trying to achieve? Exactly. By implementing AI. Exactly. And there were like, there were maybe two people that they're like, yeah, we want to start with that. So the first piece of an engagement is actually figuring out what is it that we're trying to achieve? The second piece, what are the metrics that show success? And it's amazing how often people want to skip those two steps and they want to go right into, let's go and evaluate some models. And it's like, hang on. Well, tech is cool, right? It is. That part of it. Get into it. And I think that's a big piece of it is that, and I totally agree. It's like, what is the ROI that I'm going to expect to get? What is the business problem that I'm solving before throwing AI at it? Because you may actually come up with unintended consequences from doing that. Absolutely. So definitely a very interesting piece of it from that perspective. Yeah. But so, oh, sorry. No, go ahead. I think what kind of bringing it back around, any other announcements or anything that you wanted to get across that we didn't cover yet today? No, I think, I mean, the big news that came from us recently is the WatsonX announcement and the WatsonX.ai, which is the core product. And then we delivered the data lake house to go along with it, which is WatsonX.data, which consists of IBM Fusion together with IBM CEF technology for the large object store capabilities and then there's also WatsonX.gov for that specialized market. So, yeah. That's all good stuff. Always exciting. And for anybody who's out there that just wants to go and play with it, there are some of those solutions that do have costs associated with them, but they don't all, right? Anybody can go out and spin up a trial account with the WatsonX Studio product to go and at least kick the tires a little bit, see what it's all about, see what the purpose is. I have one, right? I have a free trial account that I go and I play with because it genuinely is kind of neat to do ABCD testing of four different products. You know, I'll have like an IBM product and then three other products that all say they do the same thing. And, you know, I like to feed in the same training data set and see what the results are.  Sometimes I have free time, not so much this week, but other weeks. It's just, it's kind of fun. So I want to encourage folks to go out and, you know, kick the tires a little bit, poke it and see what you think. It's really interesting at IBM and this tells you how much our leaders believe in, you know, the direction that this is headed is every IBMer had to participate in a WatsonX challenge. So it didn't matter if you were techies like us in product management or engineer or in procurement or legal or HR, you all had to participate in the challenge and you had to get hands on time with WatsonX. Wow, cool. Pete, take us out here with kind of, you know, global product executive, peek into the road map. Some of the things you talked about, some of the news, what's going on, but what can we expect, say, in the next six to 12 months from IBM? Anything you can share? Yeah. And I think it goes along the lines of what we were talking about earlier, you know, the democratization, but also the key part of that is making it simpler to consume technology. And so you're going to see some key technology coming from Red Hat that we're working very closely with them, you know, to be able to manage large scale clusters. That's going to be a key piece of technology. You're going to see continued improvements in this acceleration technology because we realize you know, at the end of the day, these organizations are looking for productivity improvements. So those are going to be two key areas that we're going to be pushing on in the next six months. All right. We're going to keep our eyes on this space. Bradley, Pete, thank you so much for joining Rob and me on the program today and sharing what's new at IBM, some of the exciting things in hybrid, the hybrid story being successful in AI. We're definitely going to watch this space. Thank you guys. Our pleasure. Thank you. For our guests and for Rob's Stretch A, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching theCUBE live from day three of VMware Explorer. We're going to be back on the other set with more great content. So stick around. You're watching theCUBE, the leader in live tech coverage.


We welcome you here to the stage. Can you tell us your name and where you're from glad it's from Pasco, Washington and glad is please tell us your testimony, so When I came here in January, I took classes in March and Something happened, so I wasn't able to finish the course and I didn't drop the class in time So a couple months later. I got a letter from the school saying hey you owe a thousand dollars So I opened the letter and I was like God. I'm not paying this and so So one day I was watching the Monday diplomatic service with prophet shepherd Bushiri and he says if you have an issue Take the issue and lift it up in your hands So I lifted it up and then all of a sudden my hands start going like this And I'm just like what the heck and then so I put my hand back down and then he was just like your The angels of God has just been sent to collect the papers and I'm like, okay, so So the next day I was laying in my bed and I was just like, okay Well, let me see if I do it by myself if my hand was still world So I'm just like, okay nothing's happening. So I guess it was So then I called the school and I was just like So I got a letter saying that I owe the fee and I just wanted to make sure I just wanted to check to see what it was All about I knew what it was, but I was just let me see if it's still there So then she checked and she was just like, yeah, there's a thousand dollar fee. Da da da da and I was just like all right, whatever so So Monday I watched a diplomatic service again And then he goes if you have an issue wave the issue in front of the screen So I'm like And I was just like God I declare right now that this is paid for and I'm like I'm not paying for it So I called the school again and she was just like, yeah So I was so I just stood on it and I was like God, I'm not paying for this I don't know what you're gonna do I don't know what you have to do, but I'm not paying for this not a penny out of my pocket It's coming out for this fee. So two weeks passed and I was just like, all right Um, so I'm calling to see if I like well I'm calling because I received a letter from the school saying that I owe a fee and she's like well I don't see what you're talking about and I was like I had a letter. She's like well, sometimes the Sometimes the letter comes but the fee had already been taken care of and I'm just like, okay She's like well one second.  So I went to the school and I was like, okay So I had a letter saying that I owed a thousand dollars. Here's the backstory of it I was like I did not pay anything and they're telling me that I don't owe anything So I just want to make sure that I do not owe anything and so she's like, okay And she checks checks. She's like I have no idea what you're talking about. I do not see a fee at all. So yeah What would be your advice for those that? Just heard your testimony. What would you want encourage them with? I have two things number one delay does not mean denial I Tried once twice three times went up there and it was the issue wasn't resolved But I didn't give up my second advice is I hear from a profit.  It sounds dumb. It sounds foolish But once we connect we're able to collect the blessing that is being Mr. That's good. That's good stuff at us. Thank you so much


So for our next session we have Tim Stanley and Erica Wayne, if you guys come up to the front. Erica is the Deputy Law Librarian at Stanford Law. Has been a strong player in helping get this national inventory of legal materials off the ground. Tim Stanley is the CEO of Justia, but he was previously the founder of Five Law, which as we know is one of the premier services that West provides. Tim has been active in putting information on the internet since 1993, I think, is when you started your operation, if not earlier. I had a final previous to that. So absolutely. And so we've asked him to talk today about the national inventory of legal materials to describe what it is, but also to focus particularly on the situation in California. So Erica, I'll let you take over. You've got about 30 minutes and then we're going to break for lunch. Tim, I assume you'll let's pick up. Okay. So, I don't know, I guess for purposes of that. And we just get started. So California Chief Justice Ronald George recently wrote a Golden Gate University law review. We cannot afford to operate in an electronic tower of babble. And even though Chief Justice George was only referring to California's courts case management system, the tower of babble frustration, I think, is this for anyone attempting to do legal research right now. And many of the things that are primary legal research materials are not freely available. What is free often carries a warning that can't be relied upon, that it isn't official. For every state, there are different vendor relationships when it comes to publishing the code and insertion of copyright. And kind of in our opinion, we think that the, and I say are, good people, it's different. We feel that a lot of the concept behind a lot of that might help us in that confusion. So, for law.gov to work, a group of librarians are really interested in helping promote this national inventory of primary legal materials. We think it will really kickstart a lot of the law.gov initiative. And the inventory for what it's worth is definition. It's going to be like a packing list, describing, detailing, cataloging, where you can find the laws of our federal and state systems, and then some. I'm going to say then some. It's not just what we consider primary. We know the availability of those things that are created along the way in that process. Things like briefs, hearings, things of that sort. And for what it's worth, the definition I like to use for primary authority comes from Elise Fox's legal research dictionary. And she just says that primary authority is the law itself. The authority that issues from one of the branches of federal, state, or local government as part of its function or issues from the Constitution. There are other definitions, but that was a nice, simple one. And at the first law.gov event back in January at Stanford, one of the big issues was, what about this national inventory? And we were really fortunate to have lots of local law librarians there from NoCal, the Northern California Association of Law Librarians. Lots of leadership, too, I should say, past, current, and former presidents, and future presidents. And there was a lot of interest. And some of the questions that we were most interested in included, what should we include in this inventory? What type of content should we collect? Formats, et cetera, price? What form should it take? How do we know copyright issues? What about the IP issues regarding briefs and violence to the court? Not produced by the court, but submitted to. How do we organize this effort? Is it done locally, statewide? Do we get AAOL to help? Legislative efforts and so on. And so we realize that for the inventory to really take hold, it would take a lot of effort across a lot of states with lots of volunteers. And right then and there, the group of NoCal folks, the good NoCal folks, decided to form an informal group to start working on this problem. Our mission was to create a prototype of the National Inventory focusing on California resources specifically. After a few phone calls and chats and emails, we started a Google group to start talking about this, and we decided to go with a very simple platform. No one wanted to master new skills or develop the greatest state-based product ever for this. We just wanted content to reign in this realm. And we figured after the inventory was created, we could leave it to technological innovation of someone else to kind of make it better. So we went with a Google spreadsheet. There were better solutions perhaps, but that's what we went with, because it's very easy to use, very easy to share, and very easy for us to manually edit, and a simple form can be generated for the spreadsheet. So if folks were not comfortable with the spreadsheet environment, they could just use a form and input data. It was very easy to track changes, and very helpful when you have lots of different people define the data. As with anything with a spreadsheet, you always have a real strong sense of concept like, oh, I really should have done it that way. We didn't. So we're learning. This is a learning process. So for example, we didn't cluster cities under their counties, which would have been such a logical thing to do.  We're like, oh, no, it's been so easy. We did include a column for permanent public access, but we can include that going forward. I think probably one of the most famous things we did include is a column for authenticated data. Chrome has talked about this, and many of you all have also talked about this, and that probably leads back to that first meeting when one of our volunteers, Susan, who's here, famously kind of explained nothing in California is authentic. We don't even need to document it. So no column for that. Nothing in California is authentic. I don't know if she was just referring to the law, but nothing in California is authentic. Anyway. But there were fields that were important and relevant, and we started filling those up. And the key ones for us, at least kind of what we're seeing so far are copyright assertion and language, disclaimers, official status, and price information, and that's somewhat tricky. We're still entering data, but we're seeing some interesting things, and we're sure some of these things will be mirrored in other states as we go along. I just want to add a tidbit. I co-teach Advanced Legal Research with Paul Lomio at the law library, and sometimes we'll bring in our frustration to the students about how much something costs, blah, blah, blah, whatever it's like to complain about these things. And this change will be likely going, ah, very interesting. Thanks for sharing. But we have started to actually use some, what we call law.gov type of assignments with our students. We're getting them to actually look. Each student will get 40 clusters. Each student will get a state, and they're looking at the administrative codes and the state codes, and all sorts of materials to see are there copyright assertions? Is it official? How easy can you find them both? And they're really surprised, and I think they're actually enjoying it. And we can talk about some of the fraud states at another time, but they're seeing some interesting things. Some of the things that we're seeing when we're doing this. So for California, what are the interesting bits? So they're about almost 540 municipalities and counties in the state of California, and nearly 80% of them have outsourced their municipal and county codes to four commercial vendors. Almost all of them seem to be free online from what we've seen so far. However, over 40% claim to be unofficial and have disclaimers. Almost 50% have copyright assertions. And I think those numbers are actually going to go up as we keep fine tuning the data, and this gets to lots of folks with different interpretations. Some things, if they don't say official, folks are uncomfortable saying, well, is it or isn't it? And so we have a lot of things with question marks or don't know, we'll come back to it. So I think that number could actually go up. Paper versions of many of these codes are also printed by the same publisher that produces it online. Not for free, my dad. And a question of bulk access came up and a good question. How easy it is to get bulk access? And the answer is nearly impossible. So we recently conducted a small sample of some of these municipalities trying to cover the different commercial vendors. And none of them had bulk access available. The best, I guess the second best for the loopy prize on this one was a PDI version, not bulk access. And that was for a few hundred dollars. So still, not the perfect world. And getting prize information on these things also is really tricky. Even though I work in a major law library, most university law libraries, most county law libraries, mainly have their local municipal codes available. They're not going to have all the state's codes. That's not from this realm. And so we are limited to the prize information individual volunteers might see. And calling each city in California is very time consuming. And not always on that helpful experience. So I have a few good examples to share with you and I'm not targeting anyone's hometown if it is your hometown. So Laguna Beach, looks like a nice place to go. Their municipal code is polished by Quality Code Polishing. And they produce about 90 of the state's municipal codes. The site's almost identical except for the city logo. And this is the disclaimer that's on all of theirs. This electronic version is provided for information only and should not be considered the official version of the code. So please consult the official printed version before signing provisions of this code. If inconsistencies exist, da-da-da, please look at the official legislation. Well, so I was like, okay, how do I go to the official version? And I called the nice city clerk's office at Laguna Beach. Very nice woman spoke to me there. And she's like, well, it's online. I said, well, I want to see the official version. How do I do that? Oh, gee. People haven't asked me about that in eons because it's online for a friend. So how much is it? And she said, I'll have to get back to you. And the woman was so nice and she got back to the next day. But it's about $125. And she said to me, I haven't sold one in. Who knows when? And for what it's worth, that was that example. Closer to home, San Jose. American legal publishing produces their municipal code. 43 of the state's codes are also produced by them. All of them also look just as with the other example, the same. And they all have a copy registration at the bottom of the site. And their disclaimer, similar to the other one, but I'll just share with you this code of ordinances and or other documents that appear on this site may not reflect the most current legislation adopted by the municipality. American legal publishing provides these documents for informational purpose only. We'll break. These documents should not be relied upon as the definitive authority for local legislation. Additionally, the formatting and pagination of the posted documents varies from the formatting of the official copy. The official printed copy of code of ordinances should be consulted prior to any action being taken. So if I did want to consult the official version, it would cost me about $300 plus $150 a year for updates. And one of our volunteers actually called American legal publishing and asked them about the copyright assertion on the bottom of the screen. And they didn't really have any answers. So we'll get back to you. We still haven't heard back from your colleagues. And this actually got a few volunteers talking because we all are a lot of librarians. When do you ever see disclaimers like this in books? And certainly printed materials and primary materials have mistakes in them all the time. And any librarian here has gotten the notices of replacement pages, of self-adhesive correction sheets, his slap in the book. But something about the web keeps prompting these disclaimers like you cannot rely on the material again and again. You're going to forgive me. I'm going to give you a few more quick examples since they're good. The Office of Attorney General went to their site to look for the opinions. And they have a really interesting one, this disclaimer. Disclaimer of duty to continue provision of the data. Due to the dynamic nature of the internet, resources that are freely and publicly available one day may require a fee or restrict access the next. And the location of items may change as menus, home pages, and files are reorganized by the internet. User agrees that the use of the Attorney General's home page is at the user's sole risk. And they cannot guarantee that it will be error-free. So I guess if you wanted to be error-free, and it's due to, you like to say, the dynamic nature of print, if you want to buy it, it's about $100. And we've mentioned that California Supreme Court and their contract and the appellate decisions, which is contracted with Plexus. But I want to share kind of a bit of the language from the over 2,500 word license agreement that you have to get through to read the material. It's saying that there is no charge, no copyright on the opinion text, but the text and the page is limited to personal use and see the lengthy publisher's limitations on use. The official reports summaries and head notes are subject to copyright are not included in this site. The official reports page, and this is the best part, is primarily intended to provide effective public access to all California's presidential appellate decisions. It is not intended to function as an alternative to commercial computer-based services and products for comprehensive legal research, such as licensees who produce this service. And this section, when we talked about this with our students, one of our lawsuits came up to us after class and said, would it be malpractice to use this site? And that's an excellent question. One good copyright example I want to share with you, the California Civil Jury Instructions. This is also similar with the criminal jury instructions produced by the Judicial Council in California. This one is freely available in official form on their website, but it has some interesting copyright language. So it says on the online version and in the paper. It's identical. Copyright 2010 by the Judicial Council of California all rights reserved. No copyright is claimed by the Judicial Council to the Table of Contents, Table of Statutes, Table of Cases, Index, or Table of Related Instructions. And below that, 2010, Matthew Bender and Company, a member of the Lexis nexus group, no copyright is claimed to the text of the jury instructions and verdict forms, directions for use, sources of authority, or other advisory committee commentary, user's guide, life expectancy tables, which were shrinking for us as we were reading this, were a disposition table. And the paper version is identical. What's interesting is even though Matthew Bender is the official kind of contract for this, Westlaw, who produces an unofficial version of this, has the same copyright language just substituted in Westlaw for Matthew Bender. And this was a difficult one for us in our spreadsheet for like checkbox, like when we put down for this. And a recent example just came up, a patron came by the library and was using some Public Utility Commission materials. And they are all on the web, but this is an interesting once we hadn't even thought about it. I was mentioning this to Susan just now. You have page numbers on any of the materials. This patron is a local attorney who wants to cite it in briefs. The online version is useless to her. She said there are no paragraph numbers, so it's really difficult and she had to find a paper version of the library, which is what brought her to our library. And those are some of the challenges that we're facing is kind of getting consistency and definitions, getting and keeping volunteers. We're lucky to have over 20, but it's keeping them going. So it's an important piece. And the price information we're dealing with is a moving target. Every library and every librarian here knows that price relationships with vendors vary. So the price I might have might be different than the price, you know, Susan might have and from a county library and so on. So we're just kind of taking a stab at what price information we have. We're going to put in there, but it's not perfect and we know that. And I think looking ahead, the really great thing is the AAL, the American Association of Library is behind this process. And as of this moment, besides the California inventory, which is alive and well, there is, I think there are seven working groups right now that are currently starting on their projects and they're kind of random individuals who are actually doing little bits and pieces in their states. And so I think there's some good momentum on it and hopefully we can kind of generate some more interest. Right. So I'll sort of follow up with some of the stuff that Eric was covering up. Just some additional things about the stuff in California as well as in the U.S. is that a lot of times that the state government will print out things, but they don't really do the full job of it. And so, for example, we talked a bit about the Oregon Code and the headings and things like that in Oregon now, sort of state government was clicking copyright on them.  They actually strip those out. So one way to keep people from copying those is just not to put them up for free. And I'm surprised that this is happening in California. You just have to code up for a number of years, but it's the way it is right now. And you can't, you know, if you look through different administrative agencies sometimes, they might have a section of codes that relates to their agency. So sometimes you can find those headings. I know Rob, who does the Oregon Law Sites, but we have this for California as well. But it's going to be quite a bit of work, and they just put it up. So that's, you know, sort of one thing to note. The other thing is that the national inventory is sort of going through and getting done. A lot of the stuff that's out there on the web right now is not on Lexus or West. So Lexus and West have a lot of things out there, certainly on the case law and the statutes and the codes on the state level and federal level. But they're not down to all the cities. I mean, this is sort of a hodgepodge of different sort of regulations and regulations and code sections.   It's often at the city level, even, you know, small things like, you know, how can I fight my parking ticket or something like that. So there's a lot of stuff that I think that impacts everyday people, that's at the city level, which has not been available on West and West. Just know that every day people tend to go there. The West and West is anyways, where I think the city governments and the county governments have done a great job in getting this stuff up. And writing contracts that require this stuff to be online for free. So that's one, you know, that's one sort of core thing, because if you look at the internet, the actual amount of content, legal content that's out there, is incredibly high. As I sort of look through, you know, sort of dealing with the different state governments, I think one of the big things that I, you know, I think that we want to work on is not just sort of get things involved so that we can download it or get it everywhere for download, which is fine. I think it's also to help the state governments or the county and city governments publish this stuff themselves. So while I think it's good that we find what's out there and what's missing, a secondary part of this, sort of finding the best practices, finding who's doing a good job of it, and get these guys in communication with each other so they can actually use some of the tools and share the tools across different governments. And ideally, you know, at some point, especially with some of the tech people that Carl's put together, Tom Bruce and some of the guys at Cornell and some of these other places, get some open source publishing tools and some open source, or sort of open citation systems, which are consistent across many different sort of levels of government. And I realize, you know, this might take a long, long time to do, but we do have a lot of good tech people that are very interested in this right now, and they've shown a good ability to really, you know, program all the very, very appropriate law of getting things out for free, and they'll be more than happy to provide these tools and stuff to the government, even help train them, even help set them up with different types of servers and things. So, you know, I think there's lots of work finding out what's there and what's not there, but also going through there and then trying to get these different government agencies sort of connected with each other to use the best practices. The other thing I wanted to quickly mention was just sort of the California case law just sort of as an example, mainly because I went through the contract that Lexus had with the state of California and just given for an RFP, just sort of went through a few items here. The first thing, you know, if you look at the California case law online, the stuff that's provided by Lexus sort of the archive back to just KL1 or just California police they do have to provide it online for free, so that was part of the contract and that part was there. That's basically all the sense. It doesn't say you have to do anything else or even provide it for free. They could put more licensing restrictions or whatever else they want to in front of it. The goal I think of the California court system was at least allow the public to be able to read a case if they wanted to read a case. But beyond that, there's not a lot there. No internal occasions there or there. Head notes. So this contract with Lexus as well as the one just, I guess the RFP closed a couple weeks ago, but we'll see if Lexus gets it again, but it might be West or maybe FastCase or Wolf's Clerk. Depending who gets it, but the head notes are required to be written as part of the contract. The company like Lexus that writes the head notes, they can keep copyrighting those head notes in some of the other classification schemes. But they have to give a license back to the state of California so the state of California can use it in future editions of their code. So basically if Lexus doesn't win this next roundabout of the contract, the next publisher of the official version of the California code can in fact publish out the head notes that were written by Lexus by way of the California government. But that said, those head notes and those classification schemes are not really about the free site on Lexus Nexus or Lexus Dash and Nexus depending on how you have your cookie set.com. So this is just one sort of item and I think it would not be too hard for the California government to require ownership of those head notes and things like that. I believe since they're basically required in any way, they're self afraid and the only real control over them from Lexus' standpoint, I guess, is they don't help everyone but they somehow keep them off of the free system while they're running the free site themselves. So that might be one thing to think of. The other item I think from a Lexus standpoint is they don't really get money from becoming official publishers. What they really get is a large market benefit. They get the subscriber list of previous people that subscribed to the official code in terms of CD or what publications or if they want to sell them they move them out of the online system. So in that subscriber list it has to be provided by the previous entity that was actually producing the official version. So there's some real market value in there in terms of getting a subscriber list and you're the official publisher. And there's really something to be said when you're the official publisher of the code. And I think there's probably two companies that have very strong brands here. I think West up, I think Thompson Reuters West has a very strong brand in terms of what they do. And I think Lexus and Exus does. But someone let's say like Fast Case came and got a hold of California cases. They would give them a very strong brand proposition to be able to say that it's an official one. So that's one huge item. And I'm pretty sure that's why Lexus probably wants to really get this contract. I have an idea of what's going on with West but I'm allowed to say it. I was there at the time on this table. For a very brief period of time. So, I mean, there's some real benefits on that. And then, you know, as far as the cases themselves go just in terms of California, the cases right now basically since the CalSec are up online for free. So I don't know if they're legal net has or if they're some other folks. I'm sure Google's going to have them up relatively soon as well. So those are out and about. So for California, I think it's pretty much out there. And that's with internal page numbers and everything else. But you still would like to go back and sort of get these previous cases. So maybe a clinic or something might be interesting. A test case for it. Maybe not that certainly a possibility. But I would like to see some sort of litigation or some sort of something to sort of clarify some of these legal issues. So that was the main item on the point out on the California cases. It is up for review right now. Obviously, I don't know who's going to get it. But it's something where, you know, sort of the corpus sort of passes from entity to entity. It's just that Lexus made a choice not to put it all on larger free. It doesn't mean that it's a fast case or multiple scluers got it. That they couldn't actually put it on as well as they had it on somethings like that. So I wanted to add two points on the California inventory. For the state court system, it's really quite interesting because it's part of the click through license agreement to access the full court opinions of California. You click through an agreement that says this is for personal use only and it explicitly excludes public and non-profit uses from the use of those materials. As far as the attorney general opinions, I actually about six months ago sent a note to the attorney general's office saying, I would like to put all the attorney general opinions online and make them available. I received a note back from the attorney general's office saying, well, you will need to send us a proposal to get our permission. At that point, took all the attorney general opinions that were visible on the internet and made a copy of those and sent the note back saying, you know, guess what? I got a lot of them and they're available for $67 on Lulu, which is less than $2,500 official attorney general opinions. And the case was referred to a deputy attorney general. They've conducted a legal review and for several months now we've been asking them to make a decision on whether we're able to actually get the rest of the attorney general opinions and make them available to the public for free. And so we're still waiting. We have not sued or threatened to sue or do any legal actions. The attorney general is not only in California, he's an elected official and so we're hoping that perhaps that part of his personality will make him want to make the information available. So I want to thank Erika for starting off this national legal inventory. You have postcards in front of you, one for each of the different states. We also made some very nice playing cards. We got the move which you can give out to your various volunteers. I also made another copy to give to Roberta Schaefer to donate to the Law Library of Congress so that we have a copy of that in perpetuity.


The greatest challenge for Erie as it approaches the 50th anniversary is that keeping it relevant. How relevant we will be in the changing world because there are many, many providers, like the private sector is taking over in many of the technologies and providing all the technologies necessary and there are other universities and other things. So in terms of keeping relevant to the needs of the changing farming systems and changing requirements of the farmers that is going to be the most challenging. What is the second part? Oh, the challenge in your own area. In terms of in my area in development crop agronomy and the crop management, definitely the farms are becoming smaller and those farms cannot be very effective. There should be some way of consolidating these farms and making it more mechanized so that the next generation of young farmers will keep them in farming. Otherwise the next generation of farmers will not be farming at all because they are interested, they will be educated, they will be interested in some other job, but somebody has to produce this food. So if you don't keep this farming very attractive to the next generation of farmers, I am afraid that we will be losing the battle in terms of food population raise. So that is where I feel the difficulty and kind of thing.


So let's say you've been uploading videos on YouTube.  And you can't figure out why you're uploading this content and you're just not getting the subscribers and the views that you want. So what gives? Well, in this video, I wanna share what you can do, a couple key strategies, three in particular, you could start doing right now if your channel growth is stuck. And you really wanna get to that first 1000 subscriber mark as soon as possible. What's up guys? Alex Hein, author of the book, Master of the Day. Now I've included the first link in the description is a beta waitlist for my brand new business course coming out in a month. So we're gonna be talking about how I've actually managed to build a six figure brand by using YouTube. And if you're interested, the first link in the description is the waitlist for this new course. So you can check it out, download the free 30 minute podcast on how to build a business and life you love. But if you wanna be notified of the premium course, add your name to the list below. So step one is really the blue sky brainstorming about your topic, right? So at the end of the day, let's say you're at 20 subscribers, 10 subscribers, or you haven't even launched yet. What do you really build your brand about? Right, because there are people who upload topics on what they love. And there's people who upload on topics they know the audience wants to hear more about. But ultimately to have a successful channel, you have to have both. The intersection between what you like and what other people want. You know, when it came to building my channel, I've done both. So I got to 100,000 subscribers by creating content on a specific topic, which was really fitness and weight loss, because that's what my brand was about. But then around 100,000 subscribers, I rebranded because I wanted to move more in the direction of what I love, which is personal development and personal growth, because it was only in that that I could actually share more of my personal stories on how I've coached people and how I've reinvented my own life. So what I would suggest is two key questions. The first question is really what do you love to talk about? And what are you really deeply interested in or deeply interested in becoming good at? Because I say that more than anything, your love of the topic, your passion, your drive to get good at it or figure it out, that's gonna draw in other people.  That's not a sustainable strategy, because you can only do something for so long that you don't really love. So when it comes to the topic, think about things like, number one, what excites you? Number two, what is more niche? So for example, you could be talking about fitness and diet, but if you start talking about gluten-free dieting or fitness with digestive problems or fitness for women or fitness for women over 40, every single one of those niches, every time you niche down, your chances of success are gonna go way up. So if there's something that obviously you feel like, oh, that could be me, that's a good place to start. The last thing to consider is what gap isn't being filled. So for example, if you think everyone's talking about fitness, but no one's talking about fitness with this health problem, fill that gap. And the last question is, what do you wish a YouTuber would do? You know, for me, one thing I wished YouTubers would do was actually be honest.  So that's the gap I filled. I'd give the real talk on personal growth. I don't talk about the peace and light, the love and the rainbows.  That's what all the successful people really think and really feel and they aren't sharing. Now the second thing is coming up with your certain content archetypes and your signature style. There are a lot of different ways to go about presenting the exact same topic. For example, look at two of the big YouTubers in the health, the men's style and the men's lifestyle space. You've got Aaron Marino and his communication style is very blunt, very high energy, minimal editing, just like very in your face. And his titles are really just like tabloid headlines. That's his style. Now that's different from Antonio Centeno over at Real Men Real Style. Antonio's style is very, it's very prescriptive, more teaching. It's less personal. It's very like three ways to do that, it's very fashion oriented. And Antonio himself is a little bit more sensitive and more soft and he's not as forceful as Aaron. So those are two people who are super successful, different communication styles, different video editing styles and different content production styles. So you need to think about what's the way I'm gonna produce video and what's the way I'm gonna actually teach and present myself. Now the third thing is the way you structure your videos, coming up with a systematic process to structure them. So one of the biggest things I ever did for my videos that was the most useful in saving time is actually coming up with an SOP, which is a kind of standard operating procedure. So every time I script a video, it has the same format, which allows me to have consistent quality for you, consistent editing style for me and the editors. And it's just an easier way to figure out how am I gonna teach a topic? If I wanna talk about how to improve your life, there's a million videos I could produce on that. But I know that I wanna produce a video with an introduction, a personal story that I share and then a teaching point. And we do that in every single video and it produces a consistently good quality video that's easy for me to script, easy to shoot and relay and teach and connect and then it's easy for someone to edit. So figure out what is gonna be your process? Is it gonna be you could do the same thing? I'm gonna tell a personal story and then teach. I'm just gonna tell personal stories and be vulnerable. I'm just gonna teach. I'm gonna do breakdowns. I'm gonna analyze other people's stuff. There's a lot of different ways to do it and figure out what resonates with you and what your audience likes the most. All right guys, so that's a very basic introduction on how I would recommend getting your first 1,000 subscribers. The only other thing is you have to upload at least once a week and you need to analyze what's working and what's not working. So all of business and all of entrepreneurship, including audience growth, is really about throwing spaghetti at the wall, seeing what sticks and then going with the things that stick and no person can ever predict not even the most successful business person what will stick before they try it. So you need to make a lot of things, throw a lot of stuff at the wall, see what works and run with it. Go where the flow is. All right guys, now of course, Super Pump to be launching my first business course, it's a premium business course, how I built a successful business online using YouTube. The first link in the description has a free 30 minute podcast on how I did that. You don't need to enter your email for that so you can listen to that. But if you wanna be notified to be one of the first 50 beta members of my business course, which launches next month, add your name to that list below because otherwise you will not hear about it. So I'm looking for 50 people that will be beta members, they'll get the course for the cheapest ever and it's gonna be awesome. I can't wait. It's really the biggest thing that I worked on in the last five years that changed my life was really becoming a successful business owner. So if that resonates, check it out. Otherwise, check out my last videos there, I'm there.


But even the theory of race is more really separated by culture. That's big. It's more separated by culture because race is black, right? But she's Jamaican. She has a whole other different background than we. You're from the South. That's right. It's a different background in the city. So cultural differences really separate. It's more than skin differences. Yeah, we on Boss Talk 101. Yeah, we gonna talk. It's choices. I get what you're saying. The thing I found out, you know, I've been all around the world and stuff like that. It's not even, even the theory of race is more really separated by culture. That's big. It's more separated by culture because race is black, right? But she's Jamaican. She has a whole other different background than we. You're from the South. That's right. It's a different background in the city. So cultural differences really separate. It's more than skin differences. That's real.  You don't know what they've been through. You don't know how poor they were. You don't know all the different things they've been through just like you can't look at black people. So now I have to go to understand that Jamaican woman. I have to go live in the Jamaican culture. That's real. That's the food. If I'm a Muslim, I have to pray. It's different cultures. Do it different. Cultures are harder to accept in color.  That's how humans are. Jamaica, oh, I don't understand it.  Correct. That's the ignorance. That's ignorance.  Then it's something special. See, so we tend to just throw things that we don't understand the culture. So what I've done about me traveling is I'm like, I understand you from a different culture. I get it. You don't understand how we do Thanksgiving. My wife's white. So I'm over there in their world. I see how they operate. It's not much different, but it's different. It's not much. It's just different.  My daughter comes over. But now you've got the mixture of the culture. That's right. Everybody's like, oh, I get this. I like this. I understand this. Oh, y'all do this? That's what hip hop is. Hip hop mixed the culture up. Big gumbo now. So I'm hearing what the South is like. I'm hearing. And all that. There's separatism in hip hop. Oh, we don't like the South. We don't like this. Y'all this. Definitely. Listen, that's a big deal with me. You know. And that ain't even racism. No, it's not at all racism. That's just different dialing. Different culture. Just the same thing that you explained. That's right. It's culturalism.


Hey friends today We are hanging out at Universal Studios Florida and we are going to be attending the Orlando informer meet-up This is the best way to experience Universal Studios. We basically have the whole part to ourselves no waits for any of the attractions and All the food is included with the price of admission So you can just walk up to a restaurant grab something to eat and then walk away without paying because you're already paid for it And I'm so excited to show you guys around. So we're gonna eat some food ride some rides and have a beautiful Orlando informer meet-up kind of night Anyhoo's Let's go do this It is such a beautiful night out tonight the temperatures in the 70s And I am so excited to hang out in the park The best thing about everything is this event goes till 1 30 in the morning. So we're gonna be here all night. I Did the math a single-day ticket park to park plus an express is 480 dollars tonight Like if I came and I showed up to Universal Studios without knowing anything about theme parks And I wanted a single-day ticket and skip the lines I would be paying almost five hundred dollars and you can just simply buy an Orlando informer meet-up ticket for 270 dollars and you get all the food included with it plus more Attractions and experiences that you would not get during the day So it just like I said it just makes sense. The only challenging part is the availability When I say you can walk into a restaurant and just get whatever you want to eat and then walk away I mean you can do that basically everywhere in the park almost all of the snack carts are open All of the little sit-down. I mean the quick service restaurants And then they even have some special food stations is so it's really awesome And it's really cool that you basically get to live the dream life of a theme park fan No wait for any attractions a theme park to yourself and all you can eat food and drink I'll put all the information about how you can check to see what gates the Orlando informer meet-up are And how you can actually get tickets to I'll put a link in the description so you guys can actually find it And also they do also vacation packages So you get discounts at the hotels here at Universal like I said if you're interested you'll see by the end of this video You'll definitely be interested so I'll put a link in the description and Yeah, I hope you get to come one day They rolled out the red carpet and the check-in area is actually in the backstage in Soundstage 21. Look at this in here. I Love it. So we're gonna get our credentials and our map and Kind of go over everything that we got to look forward to tonight They even got snow back actually inside the soundstage. Look at this. That's a way to start a winter meet-up If the map didn't add up enough for you before on top of all of the amazing savings You already get since the food doesn't actually like the free food doesn't start till 9 p.m They give you a $15 food and beverage card to get something to eat to wait While you like enjoy like the park during regular hours. How awesome is that each person gets one of those? I love how they have the check-in area back by the sound stages. It's giving me like Halloween horror nights vibes actually. Did you see that cool shot right there? That was fancy Tonight I'm gonna be hanging out with my friend Jason and Shawn and my friend Jason. He's never actually been here Well, I think he came to Universal once when he was very young, but he never rode any rides So this is like like I said the best way to experience Universal So I'm so excited this is gonna be his first visit and I get to show him everything without having to like wait in Lines and he's gonna love the eating part to like all the food. So we're gonna try lots of the food it is now officially 8 p.m. and The event well the food starts at 9 So we get one hour for the regular guests to leave the park and only us with wristbands can stay look at that. Oh Thank you. I Think the rides are still operating between 8 and 9 so since We're gonna be like eating later on I think we're gonna head straight to like Hagrid's and Velocico's dirt so that way we can ride it During the hours of the times that there's not free food, you know Look at that the Grinch right there and the line probably looks like it's a 20 minute line I guess that during the day it's been going at a hundred and eighty minutes Wow I'm gonna have to put the camera away, but I'll put in a POV of Velocico so you can see what it's like to ride at night But I'm so excited. It's gonna be the first ride of the night. And we're basically just gonna walk on Hopefully some of the food started and we get something to eat and I think we're gonna just go back into the Jurassic area Maybe get something over there And of course one of the best things about the Orlando informer is the chance to ride the P fliers the Pterodon flyers at Camp Jurassic that you can't ride throughout like the regular time unless you have a child But you can actually join a virtual queue to ride in here This is like crazy look at this Q You loved it didn't ya that was great Thanks for soaring The Pterodon flyers is so much fun I wish I could record on it and show you but there's no filming a lot on the ride itself, but it was so amazing Yo, look at this I'll go if you go I'm coming behind you I'm coming in First stop is gonna be the Jurassic Park the Jurassic pop the Jurassic Park It's the Jurassic pop popcorn stand and they actually have turkey legs So we're gonna get a turkey leg maybe maybe a turkey leg with some popcorn a monster and a churro Can I get a turkey leg? monster and I'll take a churro Yes Look at that so far the total at this one register. They've rung up $1,136 worth of food Thank you Thank you. Oh Thank you and but a bing have a great night Look at that That is crazy that I just walked up to that popcorn car And I was just like I'll have a churro turkey leg and a monster and then she's like you want chocolate sauce I'm like sure thing give me the chocolate sauce and then we walked away and I think I'm going to keep a total of All of the money that I see on the register like all night long And then see if we can add it up at the end to see how much money is actually be giving out You know I mean because they're adding all of this up like they're accounting for everything So every time we see a register I'm gonna take note and we're gonna tally it up and now now we eat turkey leg Now that we got our first snack in I think we're gonna actually make our way over the universal side now We're gonna hop instead of walking. I want to take the Hogwarts Express because my friend Jason never took it before So I'm excited to see what food they got over there Another added benefit for the winter meetup because if you come to the winter meetup you get all of the holiday like Festivities that Universal Studios does you get to skip the line and you're able to meet the Grinch because he roams around in Seuss landing and right now they're doing a standby only wait So the Grinch wait times like a hundred eighty minute wait and then you get to see the shows too because you get into the Park as early as five o'clock, and I love that Yes, yes, yes This hufflepuff Our little cabin right here Come on in Jason get all cozy right when your room have a seat Oh, what a great ride I love going on this ride, but now we're back now we're in London Look at this as soon as we got off the Hogwarts Express they've got vegetable egg rolls Macha green tea all free and it must have just started. What time is it nine o'clock? Oh, yeah. Oh, we're like the first orders here It's only $50 on that register right there. So we got to keep the total I'm looking to see how much we can add up by the end of the night. I know oh you saw I did too. It must have been the same one Look at this they actually have vegetable egg rolls, and then the bow buns from hhn. That's awesome. What are these? Mochi who got mochi you got mochi rematch. Is that mine? Yes, that's a mochi That's a mochi How awesome is that look at and they're so hot that's turkey in there now I'm going in on the egg roll. How are they good? Yeah Pretty good egg roll It's a matcha mochi Look at how empty it is over here now now. I can say I think it's that time where all of the regular day guests are gone they've definitely got rid of everybody and All the food is open. So all these stands any restaurants that you see you just go in and you just ask and take whatever they have Like it's amazing One of my favorite desserts at every single Orlando and former meetup is the bread pudding at Finnegan's and I'm so excited I'm like kind of like oh, yeah, I'm coming They have self-service coffee in here. That's what I like to see holy moly How convenient is that? And look here it is the bread pudding and the whiskey sauce there. Oh, that was a good pour Wait, I got you guys all some food here. You just want to grab this one right here.  No, no, no, no, no, no, not that one the top one Top one. Yep, and then you take this little bread pudding right here. There you go Set that down not that one and then you take this one you take the mac and cheese Look at that Nothing like chicken wings bread pudding whiskey sauce before you get on mummy The chicken wings are good, but nothing compares to this and are the The bread pulling with whiskey sauce. This is the best thing at the Orlando informant This is better than the chicken empanada Yeah, I love this Yo, this is so good extra whiskey sauce I think it's whiskey vanilla sauce Look at how empty it is around here. I love this so much. This is what you want This is what I'm talking about. This is like a theme park lovers dream. Just an empty park. Oh This is so great looking to even have a little DJ stage set up over there And you can just kind of walk around we got saying some photos over here. Look, I know isn't this amazing It's kind of it's like your own personal photo shoot like your own like Backdrop as we were just about to go into the mummy. I noticed that the Santa Shrek is out So so far what what have you thought mummy was good first time riding it you loved it And now you want to do something else that's like mummy level So I say Gringotts and you've never been to Dagen Alley. Have you? No, so first time Dagen Alley, I want to go for the ice cream That is true because we do get the oh, I'm getting butter beer ice cream. Yeah, I am Look at this Merry Christmas Yo, should we get some ice cream now first and then get on the Gringotts? Yeah ice cream Gringotts, maybe hot butter beer. Oh Yeah, the wands you can actually get a wand All of the ice cream flavors in here are Amazing and this is the only chance where you get to sample all of them because they don't do samples like during the day So now you can actually be like I'll have one of those one of those one of those and it's really cool Because like I said, I love the flavor And all they're doing is just scooping them up and putting them in cups and you just come up and grab oh Right there is a peanut butter and jelly. I think Apple crumble I want the butter beer I Know mine too The ice cream was amazing, but now it's time to put the camera away. I'm gonna go ride the Gringotts Wow, I love this part I told you gonna love it in here The whole elevator to ourselves This is the ride I was talking about here it is we're gonna actually make our way Probably out of diagonality and maybe go do something different this time that was really funny the The happy kid dancing in the back there. He said can I be in the background of your videos? I said, yeah, I'm about to walk away do whatever you want to do I'll have my back turned and I think it was kind of funny, but you know how to stop and get a butter beer I'm not gonna do it today, but I've done it in the past where you just get to try all of the different Harry Potter drinks because they're all specialty like drinks this one's lemon squash. It's like a lemonade That's the fishy green ale and then over here you had the otters fizzy orange juice The peach tea fiz tea tea this orange juice one is really good the otters fizzy orange Yeah, that's what I got But what I'm here for is the butter beer.  I've had them all frozen butter beer I think I just want a nice little lemon and a hot butter beer Sean which one was your favorite drink? It was something with the fizzy something There was a fizzy one and then there was a fishy one nice sugar Yeah, what about you Jason? Lemonade one Yeah, I like the lemonade one too. You want yeah, but I start to the hot butter beer I I'm I got a lemonade too and I liked it. Are you listening? Wow, oh we got pretzels. Oh, I wonder if they got a cinnamon pretzel Yep cinnamon pretzel You got any cinnamon pretzels no, I'll take a regular pretzel. Hmm a popcorn Totals three thousand two hundred and fifteen dollars. Look at that. Oh Just a quick mental note because I didn't want to run back in there But Rikers has a total of seventeen hundred dollars on their cast register. So just a tally the tally total They're making pizza We got pizza in there. Hi Wow, oh wow Hey, can I get a slice of pepperoni? No, I think that's it. Yeah, thank you 531 Wow In this one seven sixty seven seven seventy nine now Holy moly. Oh, they got cannolis. Holy cannoli Hey, how are you? I'm gonna take a two cannolis. I Just took two cannolis 1650 look at that Something new this year is minion cafe, and I've been excited to see what they have to eat in here. Oh, it's like a little buffet Did you want the beef on top of the rice? Sure And the chips are plantains. Oh, yes Wow, this looks really good actually Filly cheesesteak sliders. Oh, I'll take a Philly cheesesteak slider Yeah, that's how the slider should look Yes, please 3032 dollars. Thank you water and a churro with chocolate sauce. I want the cinnamon pretzel. I'm on the hunt for that one Now we're detouring in the newest ride here at Universal Studios Orlando Villain con Look at this just a complete walk on to for this one. This is what I'm talking about You can a page $270 you know how many thousands of people come here every day and they're just like one ticket plus express, please You locked and load it Oh Mine's five yours is four three three. Wow five six two I did good Beef and bananas. Wow $4,100 $4,200 beef empanadas $4,719 and chicken Chicken and potatoes and corn cheesecake. Oh, yeah, look at that cheesecake There we go $5,133 right there for Cinnabon and I think there's another cast register on the other side just to add it into the total And with that I am not home actually I am in South Carolina I'm at south of the border and I made that video a while back But I was hanging on to it because I was doing the 12 days of Christmas countdown and speaking of that We are just four days away and I am on the road to Pennsylvania So I wanted to use that video kind of as a little buffer in between in between in between my Travel plans, so it gives me a you know a little of an advantage on the daily vlogging, but yeah I'm so happy you enjoyed the video the Orlando and former meetup is amazing I added up all the money. I put it in the description But wow, holy moly like that is a lot of money. That is a lot of food Taylor is spending a lot of money. So anyways, I hope you enjoyed the video I enjoyed making it and if you want to check out any information about the Orlando and former meetup I'll put a link in the description and the 12 days of Christmas 12 days till Christmas continues So we'll see you next time. Bye me and Gracie are staying at the south of the border hotel room and Well, it's a motel and boy. Oh boy. Is she a beaut? Oh Yes, look at my door This is the room we're staying in right now. There's nobody even in this next room This is awesome. What a dream come true. I've always wanted to stay here. Oh Good old south of the border. Have you ever saw such a place? I was thinking about actually making like a travel video Going up, but I'm so in a hurry to get up to see my mom like I'm so excited That I don't know if I got enough footage. So we'll see if anything I'll just put it in the beginning and then You know, because I want to I want to vlog like my first day with my mom and sister and stuff like that So we'll see how it goes like hopefully it goes well, but this place deserves its own video I know I did one a long time ago, but I've never stayed here and I love it. Even though it's so bad. It's so bad. I love it. It's that bad


Thank you all for coming to the session. I know there's a lot of competition and I had a hard time coming here to make my own presentation, given the other sessions underway. So our topic today is workflow. Roger and I are taking this from the perspective of a strategic perspective. And our main, in the end, what we want to do is hear from you. But let me give you a little bit of context. I will quote, I think I'm quoting work in Dempsey, who has been saying that workflow is the new content for some years. I think we are seeing that over and over again. And there's lots of evidence of this, even in Joan's talk. When she was talking about the 21st century skills, it was about research as a process and understanding that process. There is much afoot in the tech world about workflow. That one just implemented a new grant management system based on workflow. The ServiceNow platform for user service is also based on workflow. It's all over the place. The concern that we're raising here is in the academic sense, who is controlling this research workflow. And I will give you a little flavor of why we think that's an important question. And because it has been such a growing and important topic, we really want to try to take a deep dive and try to get into some concrete issues here about what workflow means, how it instantiates itself in different disciplines. We're not going to be, by any means, comprehensive. And so why we're inviting discussion following. But we want to ground a discussion more firmly so that we can address what we think are really important strategic questions a little better. Why me and Roger kind of random in some ways, not so random in others? As you know, Roger's been publishing on this topic in scholarly kitchen and elsewhere for some time. And my team at Mellon have been forced to focus on workflow for a variety of reasons, some of which will become apparent as we present. So in a way, we've appointed ourselves to lead this discussion. But as I said, our main purpose here is to invite you to join in that discussion. And we'll try to be quick about the thoughts we want to present. So let me start. Mellon, at the Foundation, I've been defining scholarly communications in workflow terms for some times with the idea that at the center of this workflow is the stuff that scholars work with, the cultural and scholarly record, and that there are a variety of processes, discovery, and access, and the use in teaching and research, the publication process. There we go, sorry. Publication process, when research insights are developed and generated, they're published. And they become part of the stuff and the preservation of that record over time. Each of these are processes and part of the overall scholarly communications workflow. What we've observed, though, is that before the 1990s, there was only a small kind of external interest in these workflows, with OCLC and ICPSR kind of providing aggregating services of various kinds as time has gone on. These outside services have become more interesting and more prevalent. Until now, we have to break up these parts to really capture the external interest in those processes. And again, I'm not trying to be comprehensive here. This is just what the world has begun to look like. If you look at the publishing area and in the preservation space as well, lots of third parties offering various kinds of services. I think it's probably worth observing that a lot of this action and movement is the movement of scholarly work to the cloud and the way that you afford business in research now is you have to be able to take account of the cloud and the nature of it. That's cross-institutional. It's digital work that needs to be preserved and produced and managed. And this movement to the cloud has required a different kind of economy. And what you're seeing in these slides here is a kind of representation of that economy. I'm going to hand it off to Amber Roger to take us a next level into this workflow idea. Thanks, Tom. So Don shaped out very nicely some of the large-scale changes that we've seen over the last few decades. And the dynamics that we're seeing today that we're all living through is that the workflows, the platforms and systems that support scholarship from the very beginning, the inception of a research project all the way through its completion and indeed its post-publication lifecycle is clearly becoming of growing importance to the scientific research enterprise. I think I'm going to really focus on the scientific research enterprise in my remarks. But the universities that see science and academic science and clinical medicine and other related fields as really the direction forward from their perspective on the research side. If you think about a kind of schematic of what a research workflow for laboratory sciences might look like, this is just illustrative, not comprehensive and probably not specific to any individual. But what we're really trying to call to your attention is the whole process that you might see it starting with current awareness, moving through the design of a research project, the search for funding, the efforts to find funding for the project, the collaboration around research, the movement, through all sorts of things, experiment design and data collection and all the way through analysis, writing, sharing. You can see the whole process through publication and eventually showcasing an assessment. This is a process where the academic library falls in only maybe two or three or four of these boxes, depending on how you see things working at any given institution, at least traditionally. And so there are some really interesting questions about how as this process becomes platformed or as Don said, how it moves to the cloud, who provides for the different stages of this research workflow. I'm going to show a couple of charts that others have created. This one is from the 101 Innovations Project. And I commend to you a variety of the different charts that they've put together, schematics that they've put together. The three here that you can see are first the workflow that Elsevier has been developing, acquiring, and now controls. The workflow that Digital Science has been developing, acquiring, and now controls. And then finally the one with Clarevade. And I'm going to focus on these three for just a moment because although there are other players and other competitors in the space, there's been a tremendous amount of consolidation, of acquisition and consolidation around startups in the research workflow process that these three companies have clearly been pursuing. They haven't developed identical portfolios to one another, but they are selling in increasingly sophisticated ways a portfolio, a bundle of research workflow tools that ultimately in at least one or two of these cases is getting closer and closer to something that could become an end to end sort of closed, locked in system. None of them are yet fully developed in that way today but could over time move in that sort of direction. There are some very interesting news just looking at these three companies. Clarevade just the other day acquired Caperneo, which is an access provision tool. And then now to move on to just another version of how you can look at these verticals. Some of you will have seen a version of this slide just 30 or 45 minutes ago in Tom Kramer's talk. This is a slide that he's, PDF that he's created, I believe, again looking at the Clarevade vertical, the Elsevier vertical, the Digital Science vertical, and thinking about the open stack and whether there can emerge or will emerge an open stack. And one of the things that's really, one of the questions that's embedded for us all strategically in this space is whether Digital Science, which is owned by Holtzbrink, which owns 53% of Springer Nature, is in fact has a publishing house, the second largest commercial scientific publishing house attached to it or not. And that's something that is actually a deeply important question in understanding whether Clarevade, as it claims, is more independent and neutral than the other two of Elsevier and Digital Science. Anyway, these questions are of profound importance to the scientists on our campuses and our work to support academic science, but they're not just important to scientists. And this is where I'll turn back to Don. So as Roger and I have been talking about these issues, the debates we have are, okay, well, this is fine for the sciences, but tell me about what's going on in the other parts of the academy. And we're, and even in Tom's talk in the last session, he ended kind of mumbling that, sorry, Tom, if you're here. That, oh, we really don't count for the humanities because that's too hard. So why is it too hard? The slides that Roger just showed you gave you a structure for that sort of mess that I showed you of the surrounding interest around the core academic processes. The structure here, it's very clear of the particles that are emerging, but what we haven't really talked about much is the humanities research workflow. And at Mellon, we came to this functional diagram here trying to make sense of some of the grant making that we've been doing in humanities publication and in the digital humanities. And you will recognize some of these functions if you go back to John Unsworth's article about the research primitives. I haven't captured all, I think it was 12 that he identified, but you can see the line here. And when we've tried to present this to faculty, they get it right away. Part, the way that humanities work proceeds is that you start with an evidence-based, you gather sources, you catalog or organize them, not catalog in the sense of a library cataloging them, but organizing them with various kinds of retrievable metadata and so on. You manage those, you begin managing those sources either by translating or transcribing them so that they're usable. You have to spend lots of time identifying people, places, other entities that are embedded in those sources and then you begin to annotate and interpret them. I've left off this slide of workflow, the publishing part of that workflow, but the main point here is that over the last two decades each of these functions have been embedded in digital services, with digitization being a new way of gathering sources, various kinds of online description mechanisms to catalog them. The ability to mechanically translate or transcribe using optical character recognition, various kinds of entity-based system, linked open data for organizing those entities. And then more recently, standardization of annotation models. And if you go down to sort of turning these services into products, if you look around the digital humanity space, a lot of these functions have now been turned into various kinds of products. I've listed here a bunch of them that Mellon has been supporting over the years, but there are lots of others. And so the question here is, having this kind of maturation in the humanities space, are we now ripe for the same kind of consolidation and organization of these products that Roger has pointed out is happening in the sciences. And so that leads us to a sort of broad set of questions. What is the problem here? And we wanna open this up to you and hear your feedback and engage your thoughts here in these questions. The main point that we've tried to articulate here is that there's an uneven development in the academy. And that when we talk about this kind of commercialization, we're talking about a sector of the academy.  Does that portend what's gonna happen in these other sectors that are less mature? Open question. And you can see here the other kinds of questions that we have raised. What are the institutional interests? When you have competing companies, like what you see in the consolidation that's going on in the sciences, what is the institutional, the library's interest, the university or college's interest in working on that and in resisting it or encouraging it or shaping it in some way. And does it matter that it's being commercialized? And is this connected so closely to scale issues in the web that a commercialization, whether it's for-profit commercialization or not-for-profit commercialization, is that inevitable in the way that this dynamic is currently working? So those are the questions that we wanna pose to you and we would like to hear from you. Please. Thank you everyone. Thank you everyone. Thank you everyone. I do think that would show. I'm sorry.


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