Well, thank you very much and thank you for inviting me here. On the one hand, I feel greatly honoured to give a sort of closing lecture of this conference. And I should also say it's, as always, you know, immense pleasure to be here. And I really regret that I couldn't take part in previous part of this conference because even from what filtered through from the questions and illusions to previous talks, it sounded really intriguing. After some consultation with Thibault, I've decided to give a more general talk. So I apologise in advance to those of you who are really specialists. Certainly string series will not learn very much from this talk. As I said, it's going to be a brief survey. It will be rather pointillistic, I would say, in the sense that I will just touch on a few things and make a few remarks and they will also not cover everything, but it will certainly take the liberty to spend the last part of my talk on things that are very close to my heart when it comes to what a potential theory of quantum gravity could be. So I would like to start out by recalling the reasons why we should be interested in a theory of quantum gravity because at this time there's actually no pressing need from any experiment or observation to really proceed in this direction because the theories that we have at this time seem to be working extremely well. This applies both to general relativity but also to the standard model of particle physics which gets better and better with every measurement. So the reason to be interested in the theory of quantum gravity comes from basically the fact that the two theories that we have are incomplete and possibly even inconsistent in the ultimate consequence. On the general relativity side it's the issue of singularities which seem to be generic. This follows from the singularity theorems that were proven by Hawking and Penrose long time ago according to which generic initial conditions like the existence of a universe will inevitably lead to singularity formation. And of course there's the cosmological singularity, the Big Bang singularity at the beginning of our universe and this is the greatest puzzle. In some sense this is what we really would like to understand. I mean one of the amazing stories of modern physics that with the understanding we have we can get very close like 10 to the minus 30 seconds or so to next to the singularity but it's just this tiny little bit that causes all our headaches. And of course there's the question of structural space time at the smallest distances. On the other side in quantum field theory there as well we are faced with some lurking inconsistencies possibly. So as you all well know in perturbation theory we encounter ultraviolet divergences and Feynman diagrams for the standard model symmetries. These can be removed by infinite renormalizations, order by order. This is rather sophisticated procedure that has been developed over decades actually and has led to amazing agreement with experiment. If you think about things like G minus 2 or precision experiments they're not doing for the electroweak theory but nevertheless I think Kostas showed this or quoted Dirac on this who never accepted infinities. He said the right theory should give finite answers period. So we're not really sure what we somehow feel that this cannot be the end of the story and in some sense you can make it a little more precise because you can ask yourself if you want to go beyond perturbation theory, does the standard model which works so well in perturbation theory does it make sense beyond perturbation theory? And I think there's now some reason to believe that it will probably not exist in the rigorous sense of constructive or axiomatic a quantum field theory. And this is the reason why people are talking about the possible ultraviolet completion of the theory that is some other theory that contains the standard model as a limiting case. So the difficulties in both cases in some sense may have a common origin because in both general relativity and quantum field theory we treat spacetime as a continuum or differentiable manifold meaning that we can in principle should be able to go as small distance as we like. And secondly in Stanley quantum field theory so far we treat elementary particle as mathematical points exactly point like excitations and this is of course the origin of these ultraviolet divergences. But there's also a difficulty when you try to describe point particle mechanics in general relativity. So the conclusion of all this is at least majority of the community believes in this and this is independent of further string theories to loop quantum gravity. You expect something traumatic to happen at the scale at which we believe quantum gravity might be relevant which is the blank scale. So the question is really what happens? How are these theories modified? What happens to continuum spacetime? Is it sort of dissolved in a kind of discretum? Is the continuum replaced by a discretum? Or what is it that or maybe it's non-commutativity of spacetime coordinates but something is expected to happen at this scale. So this is the relevant scale that we're talking about. Hopefully something will be found before that scale otherwise. Well I'm not... And now with regard to once you accept this point of view that you can adopt two different kinds of attitudes and this also marks the dividing line between the different approaches to quantum gravity. One hypothesis that quantum gravity essentially is just a non-perturbative quantization of Einstein gravity in whatever formalism, metric, connection, loop, discrete. And once you solve this and treat it suitably you just have to complement this theory by the standard model of particle physics and that this together then correctly describes the physical degrees of freedom also at the very smallest distances. The opposite hypothesis is that actually general relativity is just an effective or low energy theory arising at large distances from a more fundamental Planck's scale theory and that we do not at this time know what the basic degrees of freedom of this theory are except that we suspect they're very different from either general relativity of quantum field theory as we know them. In this case general relativity and with it spacetime covariance, such notion of spacetime general covariance are assumed to be emergent much like macroscopic physics emerges from the quantum world of atoms and molecules. And from this point of view this first approach would seem as sensible as trying to find out about the microscopic world by say applying quantization techniques to the Navier-Stokes equation. I mean everyone would agree that it's very unlikely that you would find out about atoms and molecules in this way. Now a basic fact about quantum gravity that sets or quantized gravity that sets it apart from the matter interactions that characterize the standard model is the fact that gravity Einstein theory is perturbatively non-renormalizable. This means that at each order in order to get sensible results we have to introduce a new kind of counter term to render the theory predictable and finite. So here's the famous two-loop counter term whose coefficient here was calculated some 30 years ago. But I should like to emphasize not just the fact that you have divergences because you might think well let's subtract them and make the theory finite. It's the fact that you need to adjust an infinite number of parameters and this is believed to render this theory non-predictive. Because then if you have an infinite number of coupling constants there's no chance to pin down what the theory is. Again there are two possible conclusions in line with what I said before. The first conclusion is that somehow you have to have consistent quantization of gravity that requires that we need to introduce a radical modification of the theory at very short distances. In particular include matter, supersymmetric matter, fermions and maybe even something more radical like going from point to particles to extended objects like string or membrane theory and thereby to get rid of this divergence. The opposite point of view also expressed most colorfully I would say by Roger Penrose is that actually the ultraviolet diversions are simply an artifact of a bit of treatment of the theory because when we do perturbative quantum gravity we do some violence to the theory. We destroy somehow the geometrical structure, general covariance. This is no longer there in a nice and manifest form and therefore the hypothesis is here that these would disappear upon proper non-predictive quantization of the theory. However, and this is something I would, I mean whatever your attitude towards this is I think no approach to quantum gravity can claim complete success does not explain in full gory detail what happens with this divergence. Now this is easier for approaches that start from particle physics because that one somehow tries to get rid of the divergence right directly but this comment applies more to the non-predictive approaches because sometimes they say they don't even see the divergence. I just want to say if you claim you don't see the divergence then I think that you need to investigate your approach a little more closely because whatever your non-predictive approach is it should admit a semi-classical limit and then once you do this then this thing will reappear. So there's no way around anyone who claims to have a theory of quantum gravity and does not explain to me what happened with this divergence I will not accept this as an answer. Are you sure you want two negations? No, it's not. Sorry, it means the contrary point of view. Yes, they are two negations. Ah sorry, you mean double negative, sorry. Now there's also the thing about gravity and matter. This is what Einstein himself said about his equation. He said the left side is built from marble, beautiful, unique. The right hand side he said is made from timber, this is the energy momentum tensor of what, dust, whatever standard model the team he knew. So he spent a good part of his, later part of his life trying to see whether he could understand this in a geometrical way. So the wish would be to somehow right the left right side bring it to the left side and somehow understand it as some kind of... When you agree that it's the other way around actually. The left hand side is the height of dynamics and the right hand side. Timber and this is the marble. You mean the opposite of what Einstein said. It depends on this. I think on this I would side with Einstein. Anyway, this has led to an enormous effort over the past decades really. For example, Kalutza Klein's theory is an attempt in this direction when you take the theory in higher dimensions and explain the matter energy momentum tensor as coming from higher dimensional geometry. So in part sort of going in this direction. The other thing is that you can introduce supersymmetry which is like introducing fermionic coordinates and they're also enlarging a spacetime and then also endowing this right hand side with a kind of geometric interpretation. There's also the question of gravity versus not quantum field theory or quantum gravity but just standard quantum mechanics because we have this kind of schizophrenic Slava would probably say situation where this is treated completely classically and this should really be sort of as a quantum object or expectation value. And this has also led to a long debate. In particular the question is whether we need to change the basic rules of quantum mechanics as was suggested originally by Hawking. For example, should we really allow for the possibility that pure states can evolve into mixed states? And the other thing I would like to mention here is that because after all at least my favorite approach space and time are somehow thought to be emergent and so you should all start out with a theory that does not have space and time and then I would just like to emphasize that many of the paradoxes that we think occur in quantum mechanics appear in a completely new guise because most of these paradoxes have to do with non-locality and that you really need some notion of space or maybe even time in order to make sense of it. So the whole question I just want to raise it not answer it is if you're really in a sort of pre-geometrical framework, what's the... Is this a different question or how should we address it? Finally, the final point is the so-called hieric problem which is the fact that gravity is so much weaker than the other forces. In my popular lectures I illustrated by taking a pin and a little magnet and then the pin is drawn towards the magnet and then I say you know this little magnet beats the gravitational pull of the whole planet and this is a rather direct evidence of this hieric problem let me that the scales are so much different so in particle physics we talk about the masses we actually cover wide range so you already have something like a little hieric problem but all of this is tiny vis-à-vis the Planck scale of 10 to 19 GV which is the equivalent of 10 to the minus 33 centimetres. So a key challenge and perhaps the crucial issue in this whole game is for any proposed year of quantum gravity is that you should offer quantifiable criteria to confirm or falsify the theory and in particular you should be such that they allow to discriminate your answers from somebody else's answers. You know it's not much is gained if you know some theory that explains structure formation or whatever there will be many theories or things like hypothetical things like violations of Lorentz and variance if this was really seen there will probably be many and in fact conventional explanations of such facts so I think the challenge is here much more pronounced and of course you can always say my objects are quantized in units of the Planck length but this is something that we will never be able to measure so here some degree of sophistication is required so here is a list of the approaches not complete I would say that roughly speaking the community is divided into a majority part that does a string series supergravity and so on there's the more path integral is something in between there's canonical quantization loop quantum gravity out of which we develop the modern discrete approaches like spin form, scoop field theory and so on but apart from this we also have non-commutative geometry we have something called asymptotic safety and then you can go even more abstract in the sense that you could even look for a theory where everything is just information theory and I should say there's no agreement it's really that we have different communities in fact with very little communication and Jörg showed this different picture but this is the same event, historical event and as you know this event or this effort failed because at some point people could no longer communicate with each other and this is something I also see happening a little bit in the different communities working on towards quantum gravity and I think if you sort of zeroing in on the right theory we should see things falling into place and that should emerge some agreement so I want to now go through some of them but just very briefly now the first thing I would like to mention here just one slide is this idea of asymptotic safety I said that most workers believe that something has to happen on the blank scale but not everyone because there's the question of whether standard quantum field theory concepts are actually enough to quantize Einstein's theory so this approach in some sense is very close to conventional quantum field theories RG flows, RG group and so on and in fact does not require anything special to happen to the continuum space time somehow assume that you can go as much as you like below the blank scale so here one hypothesizes that there's a non-gaussian fixed point and this really means if true that the non-renormalizable quantum gravity is really renormalizable in disguise because there's some in this infinite dimensional space of couplings there's a hyper surface to which things can flow and so in fact you would just have to fix a finite number of parameters rather than infinite number of them so the aim is then one constructs a scale dependent effective action one can discuss in some detail what this means because in a generally covariant theory you know the measure of links etc. it's something that's not fixed a priori so this requires some rather sophisticated assumptions but this approach is essentially agnostic about the microscopic theory it's essentially just the normalization group equation and what you put in as initial condition and then the hope is that maybe these things fall in so what would be observable here? Well we don't see running Newton's coupling constant when we look outside the window so all of this is going to take place after the blank scale which is here thought to be analogous to lambda QCD so observable effects would be very hard to come by the only thing I can imagine is somehow that you know in this way you can predict that there should be a small logical constant at large distances but this remains a hope so let me now say a few words about canonical quantum gravity because this was the first serious attempt to tackle the problem and that was actually the first non-perturbative attempt which was also back right in the pen end which is a direct attack on Einstein's theory in terms of textbook methods of quantizing now what you need to do here is of course you have to give up manifest space-time covariance by a split of space-time into space and time so that space-time geometry can be viewed as an evolution of spatial geometry and time according to Einstein's equations geometric dynamics then is defined as follows the dynamical degrees of freedom are the spatial components of the metric the components with one with a time index are Lagrange multipliers that lead to constraints and they're associated canonical momenta and then the dynamics is defined by the constraints namely Hamiltonian constraint that goes with time reprimaritalization invariance and the spatial and the logarithms are associated with the spatial different morphism constraints now the general covariance of the theory in the classical context is in this constraint algebra which is more complicated but I haven't suppressed all indices but the difference between this and the standard gauge series that the dynamics is somehow encapsulated and constrained so what you would do in this approach is to replace this by a functional differential operator you express everything in terms of operators and then when you express the Hamiltonian constraint you get the famous wheeler-de-witt equation this equation has been around for well, almost 60 years nobody to this date has been able to make any, I mean because it's ill-defined even by the sloppy standards of physicists and in particular what you would have to satisfy you would have to say what becomes of this algebra as you replace classical variables by quantum operators and as we know from many examples they would expect anomalies just like in the case of two-dimensional different morphisms which becomes the Virasor algebra and in four dimensions you would expect even more trusting modifications and I'm just saying this because classical spacetime covariance in this theory would be replaced by quantum spacetime covariance just like one here, one has a very concrete example how this could happen but it's something that you have to prove and this has proved to be impossible but there's no solution that people agree on there have been proposals of course so this whole wheeler-de-witt program came to a halt because no one was really able to make any progress on this and it got a new impetus with Achtigal variables which is a canon switch to another set of canonical variables which are essentially the following quantum mechanics when you replace Q and P by creation and annihilation operators AQ plus Ip so here you have the spatial spin connection this is the extrinsic curvature this is essentially the canonical momentum with a parameter which was later called Barbera-Mitzu parameter and originally this was plus minus I and then he was able to show, Achtigal parameter and he was also able to show for gamma equals plus minus I then in this case the constraints canonical constraints take a simple and rather nice form in particular it turns out that everything that depends on this variable does so via this curvature tensor which we know very well, this is just the Young Mills field strength associated with SU2 so it's almost like the phase space of the SU2 Young Mills theory except that you have two more constraints these are diffeomorphism and Hamiltonian constraint what does the approximately equal to zero mean? a weakly zero, you can put it weakly zero in the Dirac this is the Dirac notation now I think originally it was plus minus I later people put this to a real constant and I should say in my opinion this is where this whole subject took a wrong turn because once you make this real then the nice form is destroyed you get some other ugly extra term that is very hard to handle anyway the modern version of this is loop quantum gravity where you don't work with a connection but with a path-ordered exponential along some edge and of course a conjugate variable is the flux defined like this in terms of this E variable and then your wave functionals depend on these olonomies a new feature is that the kinematical Hilbert space can be defined but it's non separable which is kind of weird but you should keep in mind that all new physics that is claimed to be associated with loop quantum cosmology which is a mini superspace version of loop quantum gravity analogous to the old mini superspace of Willa DeWitt all the new physics really comes from this non separability this is one of the reasons they don't see divergences because you know normally would put here delta function for this in quantum mechanics so when you square this then you have the usual difficulties but here this difficulty doesn't appear this form so this is one of the reasons they so far cannot see the divergences hence no anomalies and the other peculiar feature is that although you're working with connections there are no negative norm states and this has to do with this non separability non separability have they tried to construct Yang-Mills theory? no this program has not led to any kind of valuable new insights for Yang-Mills theory but it should be a simpler theory and we know so why is this going to work? well I will not say anything on this I just present the facts but it's very good okay now the crucial much of this is just kinematics defining state space it's scale up products it's just kinematics the core question canonical gravity is the Hamiltonian I mean first of all can you define it and then can you do anything with it and I will not describe this in detail because this is rather elaborate formalism was mainly developed by Thomas Tiemann and this is claimed to be a main success namely that the Hamiltonian can be defined rigorously as an operator on this kinematical Hilbert space by the way this is the ugly term that nobody talks about which would vanish if you put gamma equal to plus or minus i this is a little bit like the McDahl formulation of gauge theories where it just allow yourself to work with field strength now the proper definition is rather rather integrate and the one thing I would maybe raise here because this is a valid question the question is whether Hilbert space is really the right concept because what you find here is more you need to go to some kind of distribution space and it's also the question when you're talking about the wave function of the universe does it make sense when you calculate scale up product does this make any sense or is it such that you need to give up even such things that we take to be granted in ordinary quantum mechanics anyway there's also some argument that this Hamiltonian is not very physical because what it does that these pictures of the spin networks which I'm sure you've seen spin networks are graphs with vertices and edges and things like this so what the action of this Hamiltonian does in some sense it adds what we call spider webs like this so it doesn't really yeah question we know that the metric does make sense at least classically so we know that somehow the gravity is the background that is Mikovsky or some background which breaks the symmetry to this guy who works one of the difficulties here is that the metric is represented because it's like switching from q to creation and annihilation operator so the metric is represented by a singular functional differential operator like this xx so collided two points and so in order to define a classical state you would have to find psi such that this well there's ij I guess that this is something like this would be like a classical expectation value gij of x and of course there are all kinds of difficulties in making this well defined so this is one of the reasons like in the Wilson loop way of describing the gauge theory I mean we have this problem but in the case of gravity for sure what do they say that we know that there is a notion of actually no no they say eventually they will be able to define a semi-classical limit and but all I'm saying is this is why it's too difficult for them to find a semi-classical limit because the metric operator is represented by a singular functional differential operator so if you start with all this for my death are you able at least to quantize linearized gravitational waves you're asking no linearized gravitational waves condensation would require solving this problem first then what they are doing they don't really have metric how can they do fluctuations it's all recorded so let's continue you know I have no time to because this is just a pointillistic survey as I said so let me just summarize a little bit summary and critique of these you can ask all the the non-perturbative approaches this is LQG but something that developed out of spin forms I have no time to talk about and group field theory I put the main emphasis not on the things that we like in quantum fields here but the things that we like from general relativity which is background independence although very often what really is is only spatial background independence because space-time background independence would imply that you solve the wheel of the wheel equation Hamiltonian constraints so that's not there so this is a bit kinematical however this approach is so far they're not able to recover the semi-classical limit but they also do not incorporate essential insights and successes of standard quantum field theory which I think is a big shortcoming like anomalies you see this is one thing that's usually not emphasized very much there are tons of quantization ambiguities so matter couplings the restrictions that we know to hold in the standard model like anomaly cancellations for the quarks and leptons that's a very interesting and very subtle consistency condition is not seen in these approaches but as I said these issues will be hard to settle without a detailed understanding of how standard quantum field theory and the semi-classical limit would emerge from this framework so let me now move on COSTAS gave a very beautiful review of string theory so this is you know just you said poor man's rubber key so this is a poor man's version of COSTAS presentation so super world basic strategies now quite different coming from quantum field theory there one tackles this perturbative divergences directly by trying to modify gravity at short distances this is by introducing supersymmetric matter because fermions have a tendency to cancel bosonic divergences so this is realized in supersymmetric series it's also nice because in some sense it gives a raison d'etre for the existence of matter in the world and also there are such things as maximally I mean if you really want to push the notion of symmetry to the end maximally symmetric point field theories n equals 8 supergravity to which I will come back 11 dimensional supergravity and then also one can go to supersymmetric extended objects so I think that the point like singularities due to the point like interactions are dissolved by blowing up point like objects to extended objects so this has led to the super string but I would also like to remind that there is a theory called super membrane theory which you can think of as a non perturbative version of a string theory and from it follows the matrix model. Now this theory is much harder to deal with than string theory. String theory is basically free field theory on the world sheet but here on the world volume this remains an interacting theory and there has not been so much progress in understanding it. So as Kostas explained beautifully so I'll just go down the list of course this is a huge subject it's very much modeled on concepts from particle physics so there's no problem with the semi-classical limit. However there's a problem with say the formulation beyond perturbation theory. But we now understand that it's not simply a theory of one dimensional extended objects they're D-brains, they're M-brains, they can lose their client excitations or what have you. This is one of the big successes explaining giving a microscopic combination of black hole entropy including higher order corrections to this Beckenstein formula there's all these ideas about holography some people think that holography is the key to quantum gravity I don't quite share that. What would be a physical consequence that might be able to measure of this formula for the entropy? Oh well you know this formula has been proven for you know very ideal extremal black holes and first of all you would have to find an extremal black hole in the universe and then But suppose there were an entropy formula for a visible black hole what could I do with it? Not much really because visible black holes are well the other thing is that the derivation is done in a completely different domain. It's using D-brains the way I send derivation which is semi-classical and applied to even... No but I think there is a slight problem here because the derivation is done in a domain which is far far away from classical and then you extrapolate over I don't know 20 orders of magnitude and for this you have to invoke supersymmetry and BPS you know BPS is invoked a lot these days for doing all kinds of arguments and strings here but you should keep in mind BPS is light years away from the real world it's not you know so you know of course it's a real range of challenge to sort of derive this formula or understand it for real life black hole well anyway there's a lot of new ideas that are currently being tested low energy supersymmetry, large extra dimensions and so on and of course I will not say anything about the implications for mathematics because this is something everybody knows and appreciates certainly here at IHES so what are the open questions? Well I mean it's strings here it's been a massive intellectual collective effort for almost 40 years or so but we're still struggling to reproduce the standard model as is not some you know fancy extensions with tons of extra super multiplets and so on but just assume you know no super particles are founded at LHC then what are we going to do here this is a real challenge similarly it's a struggle to incorporate there's a way to get a positive cosmological constant supergravity superstrength here you love negative cosmological constants but you look outside the window and it turns out to be positive I will say a little more about maximally extended supergravity also in connection with finiteness because the question is what is the place of this theory here in this whole scheme so that's been impressive progress but I would say a convincing scenario for resolution of space-time singularities certainly not cosmological or space-like and the question that was posed initially namely what happens to space-time continuum at blunt length is as open as it's ever been so and the real question is really what is string theory in the sense that nobody thinks that at the end of the day it will be the way it's done nowadays you simply assume a classical manifold and then you have these blunt size extended objects and then you quantize them on this classical background we all think that this is not going to be the final answer so one thing I would like to emphasize and this is a little bit a problem with all approaches is the lack of there are too many ambiguities I'm a little bit polemical here because there is this well-known number of consistent vacuums which is far too much for what we need but this is as I said this is a bit hushed up but if you look at trace the ambiguities quantization ambiguities and so on you also find that there is similar non-uniqueness in loop quantum gravity in discrete quantum gravity and also asymptotic safety because I keep hearing these talks I've heard them now for quite a while and I always sit there and think this is working too well because no matter what they try they find a fixed point for example if you do gravity in 67 dimensions there is also a fixed point and I find it hard to believe that this should also work in 67 dimensions anyway so you know there's all this ambiguity which is precisely the opposite what I said you should try to force your theory to make some kind of statement that can be checked or verified or falsified so the question is really does nature pick the right whatever it is answer at random from a huge variety of possibilities or are there criteria to narrow down the number of possibilities so I think that in order to discriminate between a knowing number of diverging ideas better start looking for inconsistency or else and this is something Gary Gibbons said to me about certain approaches in quantum gravity said this is going to remain fantasy if we can't come up with a solution to this problem so the last part I would like to go a little more in the direction that I like namely the question of what is the role of n equals 8 supergravity in this now n equals 8 supergravity was in fashion 35 years ago and then it became out of fashion with the advent of string theory and obvious problems but it has recently turned out to be it's much more finite than was originally expected and in fact up to four loops at least it behave exactly like young mills maximal young mills theory if you continue like this then it would be just as finite as n equals 4 young mills theory not proven to be divergent in high ropes not proven young mills is divergent in 6th dimension well young mills is yes it's divergent above 4 dimensions there's a formula that tells you at which dimensions the divergences start and here the claim is that for n equals 8 supergravity up to 4 loops when you survey different dimensions it's exactly the same formula as in as in young mills theory so it could be it's not ruled out it's not excluded that it might be finite to all orders and you know this is one of the things I now start worrying about as I go older will I ever know whether it's finite or not I'm not sure anyway there's no effort towards 5 loops but as we heard yesterday this effort seems to be thoroughly stuck so it's not clear what's going to happen interestingly the difficulties here at 5 loops are somewhat maybe related to a similar phenomenon appearing strings here because there as well as 5 loops there appears a peculiar difficulty to do with the fact that supermodular space is no longer split which means you're not allowed to first integrate over the fermionic moduli and then over the bosonic this is at least the one sentence I understood from Witten's presentation two years ago I didn't understand much more but so this is not excluded here but even if it is finite of course you can raise the question what about nonperturbative quantum gravity what does it tell us about the resolution of singularities in relation to real physics and most people would answer this question in the negative but I would like to advertise some recent work which goes back to some observation of 30 years ago which could become relevant if they really continue not to find new spin 1.5 degrees of freedom at LHC and this is the following this is really very strange coincidence which is the following the same number of quarks and leptons three generations they are 48 and this number is the same that appears in supergravity when you take the 56 fermions spin 1.5 remove 8 golstinos to break all the supersymmetry it's the same number and furthermore the following strange coincidence if you break n equals 8 supergravity to SU3 cross U1 these are the representations you get for the SU3 and this was an idea of Gell-Mann's really strange you know I would never had such an idea but he said he described it as a last ditch effort to salvage n equals 8 supergravity so he took the standard color assignments for the quarks and leptons and all assigned the three these quarks and leptons to representations of a family SU3 so this is a new symmetry that acts horizontally among the generations in this peculiar way here and when you work it out it's exactly the representations that appear upon this making this decomposition of the n equals 8 fermions it's also a little bit curious I think it just indicates one should start looking in unusual directions because one thing you see here that this SU3 family would not commute with the SU2 weak because it puts the upper and lower components of the would be electric doublets in 3 bar and 3 of this family symmetry anyway there's this strange agreement and furthermore if you calculate the electric charges of these particles so they are given here and then you calculate what you get from supergravity it turns out that they are sort of systematically shifted away by 1 over 6 so it's 1 over 6 for anti for the 3 of family and it's minus 1 over 6 for the 3 bar so this has been known for a long time it's sort of you think is this a mirage or is it something real and in fact we found already long ago with Nick Warner that this scheme has actually realized that the SU3 goes to one stationary point of n equals 8 supergravity gauged n equals 8 supergravity now very recently we've figured out a way to fix up these charges by deforming the u1 and we've found it in a certain way that goes outside of n equals 8 supergravity so there's no extra motivation to look at even more symmetries and I think this is really the core of the subject namely the duality symmetries that were originally discovered by Kramer and Julia because we now believe that these symmetries are more important ultimately than spacetime symmetries and what was well realized already long ago is that these exceptional symmetries become bigger as you go down it as you do a dimensional reduction dimensional reduction means you drop the dependence on internal coordinates it's just like a Kalusa Klein theory but what also happens here is that by doing this you transmute spacetime former spacetime symmetries into duality symmetries and if you carry this process to the extreme all spacetime symmetry has disappeared and everything is duality symmetry and by doing this you follow this chain I'm sure you've seen this before so this is E7 that appears in 4 dimensional supergravity E8 in 3 dimensional maximal supergravity and below it becomes infinite dimensional so this is now what we've been working on for the last 12 years or so so this is the symmetry that was already conjectured to be in the dimensional reduction to one dimension now long ago I thought well who is interested in one dimensional reduction because the theory becomes essentially trivial you drop the dependence on all spatial coordinates but then came this other mysterious hint namely connection or link with work that was initiated or done by Belinsky, Halatnikov and Liftschitz long ago, this is BKL their characterization of the singularity so here's a singular big bang spacetime and what they hypothesized is that as you approach the singularity spatial points decouple this is just the horizon problem of inflationary cosmology and what you get is a continuous superposition of one dimensional systems in first approximation so this effectively means there's something like an effective reduction to one dimensions, one time dimensions as you go closer to the singularity or in other words the true symmetry of the theory becomes only apparent as you go towards the singularity so this is somewhat analogous to the high energy limit of gauge theories but with higher and higher energies you see more and more of the symmetries maybe I should not this is another just to explain the philosophy I said before that cosmological evolution can be viewed as a one dimensional motion and an infinite dimensional moduli space of three geometries, this is what Weeler called super space which is a rather complicated moduli space such that the cosmological evolution is really like the motion of a point particle in this infinite dimensional manifold this is what leads to the Weeler-DeWitt equation the wave function of the universe in Weeler-DeWitt this is the space it lives on but of course we believe that unification of spacetime matter and gravitation should tell us that there's something more simply something you just glue to this space but there should be more unified structure so the question is whether you can understand the full moduli space and simplify in some sense by embedding it into a group theoretical coset and this is the proposal that we have been following with Thibault, namely to somehow map this evolution of 11 dimensional supergravity onto a coset space which is of this type this is the hyperbolic Katsmoody group or Algebra E10 which is the maximally extended hyperbolic Katsmoody Algebra so this is work I've been doing over the last 12 years with Thibault, Marcheno and Axel Klein-Schmidt in particular so E10 I have no time to tell you what E10 is but nobody knows what it is and nobody knows what one of the nice challenges so here's the sort of way the mathematicians would define it so it's just Dinkin diagram, generators and relations a la chevalet serre but you know this of course works for finer dimensional E-algebras in a standard way, no big deal but it's just, you know you think just adding a note to the Dinkin diagram doesn't mean very much but the difference is an explosion of symmetry and in particular for these algebras which the Carton matrix is indefinite you have what's called exponential growth and there's just no way known so far how to have a sort of global description of this algebra, not to speak of the group that's even more complicated so we've approached the subject in a somewhat pedestrian manner I think this is something no mathematician would do this is just too simple minded in a way this is the level decomposition and the nice thing is when you do this with E10 you just pop up the bosonic fields of 11 dimensional supergravity, graviton 3 form and also their duals but the explosion you see this is first three levels if you go to 28 you already have more than 4 billion young tableaus of SLT and the monstrosity, the monstrous complexity of this early algebra because when you try to calculate like structure constants you get stuck at level 4 or 5 well my student Fischbauer, he's genius with a computer tried to go to level 6 but he also failed and what's worse is no matter how far you go you're sure that if you continue it gets even more complicated anyway as physicists we're not too worried about this we just go ahead and so we've really with this idea of mapping the evolution of the cosmological evolution onto such a coset space so this is exactly what we did just restricting to the low level things that we can identify with 11 dimensional supergravity and on this coset space so this is something like the maximum compact subgroup and then we found agreement on the certain conditions but it's certainly non-trivial between the supergravity equations of motion and the sigma model equations and the emergence of spacetime, he is conjectured to emerge as follows in the sense that information that was previously in the space dependence of the fields or the field theory now in some sense gets spread all over the E10 Lie algebra there's no more spacetime to start with and in it are all the degrees of freedom that you would like to see in the field theory but of course there's a lot more it's not just this because the spectrum here this level decomposition when you expand it it has about the same kind of exponential growth as the string spectrum so this is the thing I wanted to mention just because this I find this really surprising I told you that we had with Christoph Meisner we found a way to embed this or deform the u-wang to take care of the to get the correct electric charge assignments for the quarks and leptons and I said in order for this you have to go outside supergravity but we put a paper on the net just yesterday where we show that this deformation is contained in this compact maximal subgroup which you can think of as an infinite dimensional extension of the r symmetries that appear in supergravity SU8, SU16 and so on and first of all I find this rather amazing that in order it would really be striking my mind if in order to link n equals 8 supergravity in the world, quarks and leptons you would have to go to such a fancy infinite dimensional extension of the standard r symmetries and standard duality symmetries and the other thing I would like to emphasize here with this you know you somehow completely change the picture on how you would get standard model fermions out of a Planck scale theory and in particular this symmetry is also chiral, I think there's more than enough room in it to also accommodate the electroweak chiral-gauge interaction so this is something I'm quite excited about but you should keep in mind the moment they discover a new spin one half fermion at LHC were dead so at least this proposal satisfies the requirement it's clearly falsifiable ok so I'm almost finished so here's once again the philosophy that we sort of been following with Thibault, Marc and Axel so here's again this space-time diagram a cosmological space-time and of course BKL of course was just classical all the way down to the singularity but of course everyone knows that or we expect something happens at the Planck time so you can really cut off your classical part of your manifold and replace it by something else which was, Thibault always reminds me that this is the famous objection of Zeldowicz to BKL, he said it's all very nice but after a few oscillations you're already in the Planck regime and then you know can forget about your classical theory so the idea here is really to sort of take this as a guiding principle by looking for the theory that comes here below the Planck scale that replaces space-time by something else and here the hypothesis is that it's the E10 or K10 sigma model possibly well certainly quantized which is something we haven't really done and also of course taking into account the fermions which I didn't really say much about let me conclude my initial comment, the strongest argument for quantizing gravity is the incompleteness of the standard model and general relativity and the main question now is how do we resolve these short distance singularities and how can it and of course should be done in such a way that this resolution can be reconciled with the classical Einstein equations and continuum quantum field theory and so on and this may happen either by dissolving point like interactions like string theory, membranes and so on it could happen via the cancellation of ultraviolet infinities and it goes that supergravity is a candidate it could just be then this theory, you go down, there is no divergence they all cancel or is there some fundamental discreteness as something that LQG speculates about all these modern discreet models like spin form models and so on they are all models of discreet quantum gravity and they all have difficulties in recovering the continuum spacetime and that's the major challenge there or is it just the most conservative thing that quantum field theory basically remains valid but in a version with asymptotic safety so I would say just where do I I place my bets, I think symmetry based approach offers promising perspectives with n equals 8 supergravity e10 that's absolutely fascinating to me, I've been fascinated by this of doing all my professional life but there's still a long way to go so that's where we are, thank you thank you German, can you cover to the statement that gravity is equivalent to two copies of the unknown or it's supergravity which is equivalent? Well there are various versions that's the kind of obvious version of it in strings theory because you build closed string states out of left and right moving open string states and you put two spin one to make spin two so that has been obvious for 50 years now in field theory what these people in n equals 8, 3 bound and company are doing is this famous color kinematics duality where they actually for the Feynman integrands actually replace the Young Mills integrand by gravity integrand and the procedure is that for the kinematic part you try to find combinations that also satisfy like identities and then you simply replace the color factor by the kinematic factor that depends on momenta and polarizations but this is actually where they are now having difficulties at five loops so it's not clear whether this really works to all orders so what we had yesterday sounded more like eventually you have to give up on that idea or if it works you have to modify it in a somewhat substantial manner because that's in this picture of a billiard movement near a singularity so how should I think of it for a Schwarzschild singularity what happens? well that's of course the time reversed picture but the idea is that you know Schwarzschild singularity is also space like so as you fall into it it's a precise the mixer you will be stretched and squashed and I always like to emphasize I mean it's squashed to a point ultimately but this will happen in an extremely interesting way because before you get there classically at least you would be stretched and squashed in many different directions and of course then ultimately you know once you get to the Blank regime the classical theory breaks down and then you have to you know invoke whatever the quantum proper quantum but will I come out ever? not with a Schwarzschild you just of course what happens in the quantum theory I don't know but this is just not known there are some recent indications the work with Schwarzschild is that the first quadratic inference is a balanced behavior but this is so there is something quantum which is still to be explored and also physically do you have a question? no are there more questions? Schwarzschild is raising his hand yes even if n equal 8 supergravity is proven to be finite does it mean it's non ambiguous? what do you mean non ambiguous? well there are certain quantum field theories which are finite but nevertheless ambiguous in what sense? I mean there are more than one theory that has this property one example is John Simon's theory in three dimensions where you have to work hard to find divergences however the answer is not in the theory it's a long discussion debate an endless debate about should you find k or k plus g when you make your perturbation theory so is there something analogous in that? well there are certainly ambiguities here in the sense that the n equals 8 can appear in a gauged version there are different versions of the gauged supergravity although the SO8 is almost unique except for some recently found modification but what I would like to emphasize here and this was my last remark is that if there is any link to the real world it's not just n equals 8 supergravity even with this quark lepton thing you know you have to go beyond it in a certain controlled way that's I hope controlled by this fancy infinite dimensionality symmetries any more? Let us thank German


Well, June has been Lakeland Wildlife Appreciation Month. Each weeknight in June, we've been featuring one wildlife photograph during our 10pm newscast. Our photos and information about them are being provided by award-winning photographer Steve Monum. These two swans represent one of Minnesota's wildlife success stories. By the 1880s, Trumpeter swans had disappeared from Minnesota. In fact, there were only 69 left in the entire lower 48 states. In 2015, it was reported that the estimated population of Trumpeter swans in Minnesota had grown to 17,000. How did this happen and who was behind the restoration efforts? We'll go online to our website tomorrow to learn the answers to these questions. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Allied Forces North Battalion conducted a week-long combat lifesaver course in Mones, Belgium in July. Thirteen soldiers and airmen from four units, supporting NATO operations in Europe, completed the training. AF North Battalion's Staff Sergeant Matthew Wright and Staff Sergeant Gina Morasco taught the course. Unequal rise of folly? Unequal rise of folly. Unequal rise of folly? Still on the right side. Still on the right side. So it's starting to move more evenly. Okay. So it's getting... I would actually do the same steps, nipple line, second and third, above the third, and then going outward. Allied Forces North Battalion conducts regular training to provide ready and resilient soldiers to the NATO alliance.


Hey what's up you guys, welcome back to my channel if you're new here. Hi, hello my name's Lydia And I'm going to tell videos here on YouTube pretty much every single day I posted a tweet earlier on where I was talking about how my personality changes depending on who I've been with and How I can change very depending on the circumstances I've had myself in and I thought it'd be a bit of an interesting video to share with you guys So what I decided to do is that every time that I'm doing something different or I feel different in myself I'm going to film a little introduction clip as to how I am, what I'm feeling and what my thoughts are at that time. I think that's the way me couldn't be like What would have dubbed the title of this video is meet all of me.   Bang, down They shot me down, bang I just went out to the supermarket and What was I doing? Oh, functioning, brain, why aren't you working? Come for a reason Memory loss with mental illness Oh shit, yeah, the meat thing, the meat I'm absolutely exhausted, I just feel so, so fatigued I don't even, I haven't really, since I yeeted myself into the bed I just haven't, I just can't, just doubt the energy to I've had a lot of water, that is why I came here Yeah I literally don't want to move, because I'm comfy I'm also not comfy, and my back's in a really weird position And it hurts, but My energy It's like, oh, you can't, you've got the energy to your camera My camera was literally resting on my forehead Like, I don't think people that are bad, pretty can actually be Like, I'm fucking exhausted Like, I look pathetic, but I just don't have the energy to like, get up And move, and whatever So, chances are, I'm probably going to keep the light with my thought And I wouldn't sleep in like this, because I'm tired And he's having my meds They're just, I can hear them, they're just, I don't, I keep my radiation on like that I'm about to dive into a world that I never thought I'd be doing Never!  The 24th of October And I don't even know why, I'm literally watching YouTube Doing nothing, basically And I just got an idea, I was like, why don't I try and make a makeup brand?  Like, I'm into makeup, and I've just been like, designing my logos And looking into how you actually start a brand If I ever find out who sent me this, I will literally thank you forever Because I've got a sentence in the mail, it's on my Amazon wishlist And someone ordered it back in the summer And I love stuffed animals, I don't know, it brings me back to happy memories in my childhood And I don't really have many of them running around my head, so If you didn't want to send me something, I have an Amazon gift list thing open It's the only way I can do like a PO box thing, it's not the same But yeah, no, yeah, no, it is what it is The address is associated with that, so if you click onto the list You can actually see the delivery address of which to get mail to me You can send, you don't have to buy me an Amazon, you can just send me a letter and I'll be so happy I've got so much anxiety about this home treatment, do you know what I mean? Just because I've been just troubling And I don't end up in hospital again I couldn't do that work again, I couldn't do that fucking hospital again It treated me horribly, I don't So this is like the meet all of me video which is because I My personality is so weird Like I act differently, very differently depending on how I feel I thought it's video for you, I don't know, it's probably not But yeah, this is to me that's relieved after being annoyed I was annoyed because they screwed up my prescription Thank you home treatment team And then my GP fixed it Yay Do-do-do-do-do-do Still debating going against Central I want to go into Central London and film, but I'm also like I want to sleep, it's all I want All I want is to sleep, you know I'm just having a chill, but you know But no, my prescription's a big result So I just want to sing to a thing from I'm pretty chill at the moment There you go I've literally been in bed I've got out of bed for that I wasn't awake I just wanted to sleep I just couldn't go to sleep Which is fine Even still Being to do a degree, why didn't I go in?  I'm um I charge my phone and then go and film a video I don't think I'm gonna be able to get out tonight And if I do go out It will almost definitely end Very badly And I don't want that I'm seeing the home treatments even in the morning Um I wrote this video Shows very accurately what life with BPD is actually like Versus what people think it is It's so much more than just intense emotions It's such a complicated mental illness And if I manage to break that stigma with this Then it's done something It's not what I wanted it to be It's not got as much as I wish it had But my safety comes above YouTube It always has and it always will So with that I am gonna end this video here I hope you have learnt something from this And if you are going through something similar Reach out to those who can support you I myself am confident in the home treatment team In a minute because Like I said My thoughts aren't great right now Which in itself isn't a problem It's...


Would you like to work as a nurse here in the UK? Are you registered for the new NMC OSCE exam but don't know where to start? The new NMC OSCE features 10 stations, including the four APIE stations, plus two pairs of skills, plus two brand new stations testing your values, behaviors and knowledge of evidence-based practice. Nurses, we can't wait to be there by your side as you prepare for the brand new NMC OSCE. You know what to do? Take the first step. Call 0203 637 6702. That's 0203 637 6702 today. Hi everybody, welcome back to another vlog. So today's vlog is all about what to prepare before your placement in general practice.  General practice is so varied. There's so much to do and learn and see. So don't feel overwhelmed by this video. Just take what you need and do that. You don't have to do all of this because when you're out there, you're going to learn it all anywhere. You're going to make your notes. You're going to learn as you go with your mentor. So no pressure. Please don't get overwhelmed. But this is just the top things that I think might help you to prepare for your placement. So firstly, in no particular order, this is just a random list. Top on my head. Everything I can think of. So firstly, if you go on to eLearning for healthcare, there is a whole eLearning package there. It's free for all. You just need to register with your email address and things like that to log into it. But there's a whole package on there dedicated to student nurses going on to their GP placement. It has everything. When you open it up, you're going to be so overwhelmed because there is ounces and ounces of eLearning that you can do to help you prepare. You don't need to do this. You don't need to do every single thing. But just pick the ones that you think, oh, actually, I need to know a bit more about that or let me just have a look at this. Just pick the ones that you're really interested in. Don't just pick any old thing thinking, oh, God, I need all of this because you're going to bore yourself to death. It's going to be really overwhelming and it's just going to be too much information. So just pick the ones that you really want to know more about and go from there. And I'm going to put the links. All the links are going to be below to help you guys out. But I need to try and find the link actually for eLearning for healthcare because if you just Google it, it doesn't come up. And I really struggle to find it afterwards, but I have saved the link onto my desktop. So I'm going to add the link here for everybody to go and have a look at. Next up, nice guidelines. Of course, it's always going to be nice guidelines. It's what we're taught at university, evidence-based research, all that jazz. Always follow your nice guidelines because that is your evidence-based best practice. So yes, have a look at, again, links below.   Things that you can do and you're competent to do. So have a look at things like the hypertension guidelines and where to go and how you should be doing that and how you should be treating that and things like home blood pressure readings and things like that. Have a look at that because that'd be really, really useful just to help you get started. So depending on which clinic you work at, some clinics do a lot of wound care. I know the last couple of clinics that I worked at, they had wounds all day every day. So maybe just brush up on wound management as well. Have a look at, I've said this before in a previous video, but in the BNF, if you've got a physical BNF, there's a whole page dedicated to wound management. Actually, I have my BNF. Let me show you. I have my BNF. This is an old one I got from my old workplace because they got all the new BNFs. So they let me have one when I was a student nurse. I also went to the pharmacy and any pharmacy will give you their old BNFs if they have them spare.  Don't pay for this. So anyway, BNF page 1061 might be a different page in the new BNFs because this is a very old one from March 2015. So yeah, don't worry about that. But this is wound management and it has got everything. The one thing that I use the most is this table. This table is brilliant. It's got a table at the back. So have a look in your BNF, whichever version you have. There's a whole table to say what type of dressings you should be using for something that's got low exodate, medium exodate, moderate, heavy. If it's granulating, if it's infected, if it's sluffy, it's got all the dressings there that you should be using. And then following that, it's got all the different types of dressings and the prices and stuff like that. So as nurses, you have to weigh up benefits and cost and everything, you know. But if something's going to be expensive to buy in for the patient, but at the end of the day it's going to save money because they're not going to be coming into clinic and they're going to be healing faster, then you can just avoid it. So yeah, so BNF guys for your wound dressings, best thing ever. If you've got the app, I think you can get it on the app as well. If not, if you have a look, have a Google, BNF wound dressings, have a Google, it's all online as well. You don't need the physical book for this. Everything's online. Everything's on your app now, you know. Also, there's different wound care formularies as well. So I will put some links below for different formularies. Why do I feel like I'm saying that wrong? I can't speak, you know this. But I'm going to put them all below anyway. I'll put all the links below, different wound guides, things like that for you just to help you out. There is another book as well that I had that was really, really good. Active Heal, Active Heal, something like that. I'm going to put the link again below. But if you go onto their website, they'll send you like a free guide and that's what I got and that's really, really helpful as well.  If you've never done that before, I know I hadn't done that before. So I had to have all the separate training and things like that. But just have a look at the schedule. Just literally just have a look at the schedule. You don't need to go into depth with it and each one and things like that. But just have a look at the schedule. If you just Google baby immunizations, vaccine schedule, UK, it comes up with the government table with all the things that they should have in when they should have it and things like that. I will put the links below again for you to have a look at. But that could be a good one as well because if you're doing baby clinics with your practice nurse, it would just be good to have a rough idea on what goes on and what happens. But please prepare yourself mentally for this clinic. This is the biggest thing I think for me because when I was a student nurse and I did my first baby clinic, my tears, my tears, my eyes were filling up with tears because it was so sad.  It makes me so emotional. I'm not a fan of injecting little babies. It terrifies me to death. I have all of my guidelines up ready for when that patient comes in because I don't want to be doing anything wrong to a baby. It's bad enough if it's an adult, but when you've got such a small child, if something goes wrong, that is going to be just 20 times worse, I think. Nothing should ever go wrong anyway in healthcare, let me tell you. But mistakes happen. We all do little slip-ups sometimes. I've had mistakes before in the past. So yeah, so it's really good just to prepare yourself mentally because it can be very emotional. The parents can get very emotional as well and upset because their babies cry in and things. So just make sure you're ready for that moment because it's not nice. And yeah, you do kind of... It sounds horrible, that does. You do kind of get used to it in a way, but it will still break your heart every single time. Some little things that you could prepare if you really wanted to is some things that go on in the background of general practice. So how is general practice run? So basically, there's things like the Quality Outcomes Framework. So have a look at QUOF, Q-O-F for GP, just if you Google it, links below as always. That's just how GPs are run, how they're funded, how they have to meet targets for the government, for the NHS. So things like your asthma, your COPD, cervical screening, different cancer screenings. Things like that are all targets that they have to meet. They have to be on target for those in managing population. I don't know. I don't think that's the right word. Prevention, prevention, because we want to prevent, we want to keep people well. So there's targets there to help you towards that. I'm going to put the links below, have a look because I'm really bad at explaining that. So I think what I'll do just to summarise, because it's going to be hours long this video, if I go through every single thing. What I'll do is run through a list, very quickly, a list of everything a general practice nurse does. A list is not limited to, you know, different practices do different things. So I'll run through a list of everything that a general practice nurse does so that you can have a look around these things if there's something you want to know more about. Have a look around, have a look into it and think of anything that you want to know more about. You can have a Google, have a little research, but hopefully this video is going to just give you the basic sort of things that you can have a little look up. So you look a bit prepared when you show up to placement and they ask, oh, what have you prepared for placement? Hopefully it's going to help you. Here we go. Are you ready? Asthma, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, stroke reviews, mental health reviews, rheumatoid arthritis reviews, sexual health contraception, wound management, clip removals, stitch removals, a whole variety of injections. So things like B12, hormone injections, contraception, depo injections, the baby vaccines, the flu vaccines, the COVID vaccines, now the COVID boosters as well, things like ECGs as well, or sometimes you will get a patient just rock up to reception, so the acute side of things that they literally can't breathe, they're struggling, or they've got severe chest pain, they can't get through on one, on one, I don't know. Sometimes they'll rock up at reception or they're just falling out or over outside and they need a wound dressing urgently and it's bleeding out or something. That does happen as well. Things like phlebotomy, so you'll be doing a variety of blood tests as well. It's a vehicle screening, which I love as well. Another little topic that I'm really passionate about recently is transgender healthcare. And the reason why I'm passionate about this recently is because when I first became a GP-ness, I didn't think of that side of healthcare and it wasn't until I was sat in front of a transgender patient there for the hormone injection, I was like, I don't know why I'm giving this, I don't know what it's doing to the body, I don't know this, I don't know that. So I started doing some research and digging into it. I started researching training as well, there was no training, I didn't feel particularly competent in it so I've been doing a lot of my own research and the more research I do, I've been finding people as well, transgender people, and getting information from them themselves and their experiences within healthcare. And it's something that the more I dig, the more shocked I am actually at the... I want to say it's discrimination, I'm going to say it, the discrimination that happens in healthcare against this group of people is shocking. It shouldn't be happening and the more I dig, the more I find, the more wrong it is and it's not okay. So I'm really passionate about that so please think about that side of things as well when you're out there on placement. Think about how you would treat that sort of person, treating them with dignity, respect, listen to your patient, use their preferred pronouns as well. If they're telling you they want to be called Mary, John, he, she, they, all different types of pronouns, there's hundreds of different pronouns for people. Please use them, please respect them and do not ever judge a person for who they are.  I'm just waiting for some dates to schedule it in. I'm going to be doing probably evenings, seven o'clock maybe in the evenings to hopefully raise awareness and show the different terminology and things like that and the things that go on in transgender healthcare out there and I hope it helps. So look out for that. I will post a vlog on it as well to let you all know when it's coming up. So have a look and I'll be posting it on my social media and stuff like that as well. So yeah, please join and yeah, just hopefully it'll make a difference. You might also do things like BMI, pill checks, things like that. So people come in for various things. So things like their blood pressure, height, weight, sometimes ECGs as well, especially if they've been referred to different clinics. Oh, sorry, the sun has just... The sun has decided to pop out and create this space. I'm going to have to stand here holding the curtain. I'm so sorry. This is what happens when a vlog, it just goes all wrong. But I'm going to show you the troubles that I have to go through sometimes. Anyway, what was I saying? Yes, so sometimes you'll get patients coming in that need all of that doing for different referrals as well. So for example, if someone needs to go to the new COVID clinic, so the long COVID clinics, they will expect ECGs and bloods and height, weight, blood pressure, things like that all done for them to go there.  So you might get patients come in for those sort of things as well. Now I've lost track of where I am and what I was saying. I'm so sorry. So yes, the list is endless for general practice nurses basically. And I think something that might help you as well going into a placement is write down what you want to learn. So look through your placement documents. Think about all of the competencies as well that you need to get signed off. Think of anything that you think, oh, actually I need to do more of that. I need to get more comfortable with that. I need to get more competent with that. Actually I've never done that before. I wonder if I could do it here. Make a list of things you really want to learn, things that you really want to do, things that you need to get signed off. Make that list for your mentor. So then when you have that first interview with your mentor, you can say, oh, I really want to do this and this. Could you help me do it? And then that's just going to set up your placement really nicely and hopefully get you signed off on these skills that you need. I know a lot of my competencies evolved around where you have to do the four different fields of nursing. So learning disabilities, mental health, adults, children, pregnant people as well. And I got all that signed off like in the first two weeks of my general practice placement because they saw everything, so it was really, really good. So just think about those sort of things and any weaknesses as well that you have. If you recognize, actually, I'm not very good at this particular area. There's so much that I'm really bad at. Let me tell you. But if you go in with that, then your mentor can hopefully help you along with that and help you gain those skills and gain competence as well. I think that's just a really good idea just to set you up for the rest of your placement. So I think I've spoken enough about what to prepare for placement. If there's anything you want to know more about, anything I haven't covered, anything, oh, yeah, maybe this would be good for us. Drop a comment below and I'll do you a little video extra stuff for you. But I hope that helps. Someone requested this video. Oh, I forgot to say sorry. Thank you so much for the person that requested this video. It's a really good idea. And yeah, you know I love just sharing everything. So yeah, so thank you so much. Anyone's got any requests, please drop a comment. I will get back to you. I will do a video at some point about it and all the links below. Don't forget the links are below. Have a look at the links. And yeah, have a great day, everyone.


Welcome folks, this is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We got five days a week, we got seven hours a day, we go 24 hours a day in the internet, I-TFNN.com. Always remember folks, whatever you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on grows. Hope everyone's having a great day, safety. It's a T-G-I-F Friday. Let's make it a great one. Be impeccable with your word, express your love. This is a cool card folks. Impeccability of the word can be measured by a level of self-love. If you love yourself, you'll express that love in your interactions with others and that action will produce a like reaction. Market-wise, let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industries up 154 and Aztec down 13. S&P's up 11. Gold, gold contract down $12.20, traded $17.65 an ounce. We have Silver down 4 cents, $21.12 an ounce, light sweet crude down about 80, $79.84 a barrel. Notes and bonds, a 10-year note, down 10 ticks, traded $112.10, 30-year down 12 ticks at $125.15 and $Kingdala. $Kingdala's up 205 ticks, traded $106.897, the Euro's at $103, the Yenis trading at $140.31, the British pound is at $118 to $1 at U.S. dollar. iPhone number's 877, 9276648. If it's called folks, I know what's going on in your world and the world of the S&P's, let's take a look at them. What do you have? You've got a sideways market, you're going to have light volume. That's what building cause is all about, folks. It's going to get interesting here because we have the ABC structure up, confirmed ABC up to 411.03. You know, we hit 4.02 on Monday, Tuesday rather. And you can see you're messing around here with light volume. So this is telling me that next week we're still going to consolidate.  So you can push this market anywhere they want to push it. That's the real bottom line. When all said and done, you know, my take is that this ABC structure is going to finish on the way up. Somehow, some way, man, that's the bottom line, that's my bottom line. And if we take a look at the queues, what do you have with the queues out here? What the queues are doing. Also, light volume. And you can see, the queues are actually saying that you're going to pull back a little because what you have here, this is what you actually didn't want. Yesterday, you know, we came down, you had an expansion of volume, but it was still light volume because it was 55 million, going against 66 million, going into 90. Now, you try to go higher into 39, that doesn't fly. Now, what will happen is this is option expiration, so we'll get volume in at the close. So that might just, that might change that. It very well could change. We'll see how that shakes out. Because that can put 20 million in pretty easy and that would be in good shape. Because if we're in there with 59 million, that would be in good shape. Notes and bonds. Let's go take a look at the note and bond market because what you have with the note and bond market, the note and bond market also look to me, and this is some divergences, because that looks to me like it wants to do a counter trend bounce also, meaning it wants to go to higher price, lower yield. So what we have out here today, you're pulling back, yeah, look at this, man. See, you're pulling back with 970,000 contracts. This is setting up a small ABC up, that's what it's doing. Yeah, and you're going into 2.5 million contracts and 1.4 million contracts. There's no sellers, man. So that's telling me we're setting a small ABC structure up. And then if we do go over to the currency market, what we have out here in the currency market is the dollar, bottom line, the way this is set up right now, is that this dollar wants higher price. And also if the dollar wants higher price, this is where you can get the pullback. The pullback's with the light of volume, it's fine. And right now, the benchmark, so the benchmark is this 106, 281, and it's over, this is the second day it's over. So that's saying that the dollar more than likely wants to run to this 108, 672 mark. If we go to the gold contract, let's go to the silver contract right now. Take a look at silver. Silver right now is trading down 4 cents. You get 43,000 contracts. That's light contract volume. And yeah, that's coming into big volume. So what we have at silver, you're coming into 112,000 contracts, 95,000 contracts and you only have 43,000 contracts. So, you know, we're at a consolidation and we'll see where this baby goes. Let's go to Dan in Los Angeles. Hey Dan, what's going on? Hey Tom. How you doing? Nice to talk to you again after long, two months maybe. Cool. What do you want to look at? Five, fighters I bought like you said, buy some at 365, something like that in my accounts. So now everybody's talking about bullish or party 140, yeah, 400, 411, I heard you were mentioning. So I have like 50% left. Buy a position from 365 to now 400, I sold 50%. Should I hold the rest of them for 410 like that? As you are referring. Can you just, what did you buy? What, are we talking the spy? Yeah. The spy, okay. I'm an investor in IRAs, usually the Roth IRAs. I buy and hold it. Stay right there, man. Stay right there. I would hold it. I mean, I think this 411 is game. You know, we were pulling back with light volume. This is a good setup. So I don't sell it right now. What did you buy it at? What price did you buy it at? 365. Good, okay. Back in September. Okay, good. Yeah. So I just hold on. Okay. Is that what your question is? Okay, I will hold on. I sold like 400 on Monday, 50% but 50% left. That's all right. As they you get a good profit. That's good, man. So what did you want to do? Yeah. Yeah. So second question is Apple and Tesla. So Apple also, I bought like 150 for now. It's not doing great. It's like just a $1, but Tesla is under water. I bought it at 202, something like that. So what should I do with Tesla? Tesla, let's look at this. So we're at, don't let this get under this. Are you watching Target TV right now? Yeah. Okay, cool. Don't let this get under this $177, man. Yeah, this is dangerous. Tesla's dangerous. Maybe just want to move it out, man. Take the beat because I don't like what Tesla looks like.  That's for sure. Do you know what I mean? Okay, got it. Thank you. Okay, man, you have a great one, a safe one. Stay right there, folks, you're coming right back.


Look at that. I can still do it. Welcome, folks. This is TFNN. We go seven days a week. We go 24 hours a day. Yeah, we go 24 hours a day. We go seven days a week. Market. Market lies out here. What we're doing is this. We have the Dow Industries up 99, Nasdaqs up 161. S&Ps are up 29. Gold. Gold contract up $2.30 trading out at $19.45 an ounce. We have Silver up 19 cents. $23.36 an ounce. Light sweet crude. Down 27 cents. $87.24 a barrel. Notes and bonds. Ten-year note. Down three ticks trading at 109.26. The 30-day down 14 at 109.1904. And King dollar. King dollar right now is trading down 526.104.570. Here is at 107. Yen's trading at the price point of 146 and the British pound is at 125 to one U.S. dollar. Our phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call, folks. We'll know what's going on in your world. In the world of the S&Ps, let's take a look at them. Oh, no. We've got to read Doc Hard, my God. I got off. Killed to here. Be impeccable with your word. Manifest your true intentions. Regardless of what language you speak, your intent will be manifested through the word. What you dream, what you feel, what you really are, will be manifested through what you say each and every day.   They had done a program two years ago and there's full hour on 9-11, on the firefighters, on the first responders. A lot as intense as you can get. And, you know, the bravery and heroics and all the above. I don't even know if there's that many people out of that heroic around anymore to tell you the truth. But I'm sure there are. That's what, you know, anyway, it was an amazing program. I remember it last time. I watched it last night.  There's no doubt about it. And then on, now this is kind of cool.  That's how it goes. Now, what I got, check this out. This is so cool. I talked to Nancy Rawls last week. And it's so applicable. This came in overnight today. And it's taps. Okay. So I'm going to read what they wrote about Bud Rawls. This is from the West Point. And the next section. You know, this is pretty cool. Anyway, so the next section, we're going to read about that. They were saying about Bud Rawls. Spy. What do you have with the spy out here? So the spy is doing 41 million shares. They're at $448.51. You have volume right now of 41 million. Now, if we go to the futures, this market's telling me it's going to hold price right now. Because the highs to me still want to get hit because of the fact that there's no more sellers at the lows again. That's just, you know, the volume was really low. So you can see, when we're always talking about where the volume is, well, you had volume right off the bat this morning. And then it gave it up. Now it's going to go trying to reach that high again, which is the 4493. Right now you're at 4491. We're going to take a look at the cues. Same type of setup inside the cues. What we have with the cues out here is that the cues actually have more, well, two different things ended up happening with the cues. The cues didn't retrace as much as the spy, which is saying that the cues are more powerful than the spy, stronger. And the cues are going to have more volume than Friday, which I don't think the, you know, the spy won't. We did 35 million of the cues Friday. We're going to do a lot more than that. We're at 31 already. Now granted, we're going into 42, but we might even make 42. And if we make 42, your probability goes a lot higher that you're going to go right into these highs. We take a look at the end cues. Yeah, see, the end cues, you could say, this is so cool when you look at different indices, and you can see who has the strength. I mean, look at this. The end cues already check out the highs that the S&P is trying to get up to. You know, the high in the end cue versus the S&P was that 15,000, that 646. Well, we're 15,676. We're blowing that away. We go to the Noten-Bahn market. Take a look at Noten-Bahn's, okay? So inside the Noten-Bahn market, this is a good setup. I mean, what I mean by a good setup is that, to me, Noten-Bahn's have topped out. Now, look at this. This is really cool, man. So first, we came off the lows with a couple of signs of strength. We pulled back, and as we pulled back, we pulled back last Wednesday, Thursday. Try to go higher Friday. Wednesday, you did 1.4 million. Thursday, 1.2. Well, today, you're doing 839,000 or rejected low. And it's going into 2.7 million. Higher price is coming at us. Higher price, lower yield. We go to the good old dollar, because it's still all about the dollar. But the dollar, well, the bonds are ringing the dollar. The dollar's ringing the market. The bonds are ringing the market. And what you have with the dollar is that this has been the magic number for quite some time. And we'll see whether, you know, number one, can we close below it today? And can we get some follow through? You know, and it's so applicable that I'm going to do this memorial on Bud coming up the next section, because this is the channel master, man. You know, bottom line broke, come up, and went back inside the range again. Now what would end up happening here, this would be called the inside the range. That'd be a false break. Normally, when there's a false break, you can turn. And if you get follow through in the turn, it'll be a very large turn, because it's very unusual that, number one, you do such a small retracement, because the dollar did a very small retracement. So that's saying that the dollar was very powerful, got back up there, couldn't hold it, then come back down. The reason I'm saying that it normally would end up happening, people would be piling and buying at this particular point. Now if you look at the larger action and the dollar, though, see the larger action, the dollar's still been in a downtrend. You know, this has been a heck of a run for the dollar, but when you take a look at it, you're going to see that all that's really done is that, you know, it's been coming up to its highs. And in fact, if this is it, what you're going to have here is that you're going to have three lower lows and two lower highs. Stay right there, folks, to come right back. Our phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. The dollar's up 82, the dollar's at 757, the S&P's up 27, we'll come right back.


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2017 Chevy Suburban LT1 is stock number 12905Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new. And used SUV headquarters, this 2017 Chevy Suburban has the 5.3-liter V8 gas engine. This vehicle has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop per the State of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this vehicle is 100% ready to go. We're going to go all the way around in this video, check out all the interior, the back storage area, start it up and take a look under the hood as well. Blue velvet metallic is the color and we shoot all of our videos in 4K. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality, condition, options, and cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing it in person. And if you like the way we do things here at Summit Automotive, consider clicking the subscribe button to our YouTube channel in the lower right hand part of the screen and then click the bell notifications, you'll get updates every time we do videos here at Summit Automotive. This one comes with the 20-inch polished aluminum rims. They are in really nice shape and it has continental cross-contact LX20 tires. These are 275, 55, R20s, and they have right around half the tread left on them. Four-wheel disc brakes on this vehicle. Front fender is in excellent shape, I didn't see any dents or dings on there, it does come with the projector lamp headlamps, the LED running lights, and the factory fog lights. Front bumper is in nice shape, you can see it does have the front bumper parking sensors, which are right there, and I didn't see any dents, dings, or scuffs on there, looks really good, the grille is in nice shape, and the hood is in fantastic condition, I didn't see any dents or dings on there. Passenger side front fender, just as nice as the driver's side, and the passenger side rim, no major scuffs or scrapes on there. Did want to show you this blue velvet, it's got a lot of metal flake to it, so if you have those HD capabilities on, turn them on right now, if you don't have them on, otherwise just enjoy that nice metal flake. See just how nice that paint is, very glossy, and as you go down this side of the vehicle, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective, and you're like that paint is. We take these HD videos, so if you are far away, or even if you're close by, and just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video that it was helpful, and that Brett sent you. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires, and you can see the frame and underbody is in really nice shape. It's like that, all the way underneath, just a little bit of surface rust on the frame, but for the body and everything looks really good. Has the factory running boards, lower rockers, and the bottoms of the doors all look good as well. Coming around to the back of the vehicle, the rear bumper is just as nice as that front bumper, no dents, stings, scuffs, or scrapes back here. Does have the towing package, which includes the receiver hitch and seven pin wiring. The rear gate is in excellent shape as well, and you also get flipper glass, which allows you to get to the back of the vehicle. If you have a boulder trailer on the back of your vehicle and you can't open up the gate, you can still get to your stuff in the back. Speaking of that gate, it is a power gate. We do have the receiver hitch cover for the receiver hitch. We keep them inside the vehicle so they do not go missing. Back storage area is very nice and clean, and you get more storage underneath there as well.  That second one would have went all the way flat, had that back seat not been back so far. Anyways, to get this gate down, you press this button right here, and it will come on down real nicely. Going down the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger's side, no dents or dings on the rear quarter. It does have the capitalist fuel fill, never get gas on your hands again, and the body looks really good. And for full disclosure, this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Driver's side doors look really good. Paint is very reflective. Really a nice vehicle. It has the blind spot monitoring, built in directional signals. Those mirrors are heated as well. Inside the LT1 package gives you the gray leather interior, no rips or tears on those seats. You do get power driver's seat, factory all-weather floor mats. All right, we got a lot of stuff here. Auto headlamps turned out for a real drive. This is your factory brake controller.  You can turn those off and on. And you have audio controls in the back of the steering wheel. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors. You get that nice kind of silver grayish wood grain trim on there. And these mirrors do power fold in. I always like showing both sides so that you know that both sides are working properly. And lastly, you get the memory driver's seats. And this one does have the Bose sound system. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, radio, and everything that this vehicle has to offer on the interior, 32,427 miles on this Suburban. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the heated leather wrapped steering wheel. Steering wheel is in pretty nice shape. You do get information center and Bluetooth controls on the right, cruise controls, forward collision warning controls, and heated steering wheel on the left. Comes with the six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. This one does have the Chevy MyLink radio. You get AM, FM, and Serious XM radio capabilities on here, as well as the factory navigation system, which you can see is working nicely. And then you get AM, FM, and Serious XM radio. Also has a storage compartment behind the radio with a USB jack for charging. And then this one does have projection manager where you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. And if you have a nav system, you like better on your phone, such as Waze or Google Maps, project it right to the screen. That's like you have the nav and your phone right on the screen. Pretty sweet system. Push button start, CD player, dual climate controls.  Your keyless entry has remote start and power lift gate options on it. Passengers side, format and seat are in excellent condition. No rips or tears in there. Smells very clean inside the Suburban. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. And you do get a power sunroof on this vehicle. You do have map lights, home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, and on-star and SOS buttons in the rear view mirror. You also have a wireless cell phone charge pad right there. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up. Take a look under the hood and then we'll be done. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats. This is what's known as quad seating where you get the two buckets in the second row. Both of these second row seats are heated. You do get rear air controls, 110 volt, 150 watt plug-in, two USBs and an HDMI and auxiliary hookup as well as a 12 volt power point. Now the HDMI hookup is for the dual DVDs that you have there so you could set up like a video game system or something and plug it into there. But anyways, it's got the dual DVDs and those are Blu-ray players for when it's playing the DVDs from the front of the vehicle. Third row seats are in excellent condition, no rips or tears back here. Get the all-weather floor mat and the carpeting is in great shape. Like I said, this vehicle's never been smoked in and it smells very clean inside. You do get these side current airbags and the bottoms of the doors all look really good. You can see any corrosion or anything like that. We'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. There is your backup camera that is working nicely. And we'll take a look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to verify the quality, condition, options and cleanliness of this vehicle all the way around inside and out. It has those projector lamp headlights. They're nice and bright. All the running lights are working as well as the fog lights. Under the hood, we have the 5.3 liter of the 8 gas engine. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this suburban has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this vehicle is 100 percent ready to go. There is your emissions sticker. And I would highly recommend this vehicle from a quality and condition standpoint. I think you'll find too many 17 suburbans as clean as this one. And to see more pictures of this suburban or one of our other 450 new used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, halftons, three quarter tons, one tons, you name it. We got to go to that website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos we do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on the upper left to link to more suburban videos like this one, the upper right. Link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left and then link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. Click those check us out. And we are super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2017 Chevy Suburban LT1 and blue velvet metallic. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share. I really appreciate it.