Okay, the recording is on. We are going to start our class. Thank you each one for joining. Let's pray and then we will get started. I think others will join us in the meantime. Okay, Prince, would you like to pray if you're okay? Yes, sir. Thank you, dear Lord. Thank you for once again, Lord. We come before you, Lord. As you're going to learn your word, Lord. Arbenture Planting Lord, help us to understand, give us good revelation that we can understand, Lord, and help us to work for your kingdom, Lord, that we will know more strategy that for your kingdom, Lord, that we can reach to people, Lord. Thank you. I submit all the students to your hand and so forth to us. Thank you and submit all things in your hand. In Jesus' name, I pray. Amen. Okay, thank you. Welcome, everybody. So, we are continuing in this course on Urban Church Planting. We're just talking about different strategies, ways that we could bring the gospel to people, reach people, as we go about planting or establishing a church, a local church, or a ministry in an urban context in a city. Yesterday, we started, let me just share. I'm just going to go ahead and share my screen. Okay, so we, you know, we discussed this yesterday. We're talking about how do we identify and develop strategies. We said we can do it for different age groups. And so we said, okay, let's look at strategies for different age groups. We were talking about children yesterday. And I just shared a little bit about, you know, how for us at APC, we had this opportunity to serve children in schools through the program that we called as Catalyst. So I just shared that with us. Now, similarly, there are many other ministries that are reaching children in many different ways. You could think about there used to be a scripture union that used to go into schools and reach students, children in schools and so on. And so that that also is a very effective way to reach children. So you could think of those ways. Then we decided to, you know, move across, move on to think about the youth.  You know, what are the things that the young people are going about faced with. And then based on that, we can develop strategies to reach youth in those centers, urban centers. I just want to share some of the things that we have done here in Bangalore over the years. One of the things that we found useful is to have special seminars related to the youth or topics that would be of interest to them. And right from, you know, I think this goes back to about 2000 and 2002 or 2003 in the early days of our church plan to work here in Bangalore. We started having special seminars for that is targeting the young people, you know, in this age range, 18 to 25. What are the first seminars that we did and, you know, and some of these seminars you can keep repeating because you're always having, you know, a new generation of young people coming through. So many of these topics you can keep repeating, you know, one of the first seminars we did back then in 2002 or 2003 was on, on, on, forget the exact title, but it had to do with dating and marriage. Because, you know, dating is a big thing and at that age in 18, 25, they're, you know, kind of thinking along those lines. And, and then, of course, eventually, you know, when they get a little older, they will start thinking about marriage. So, you know, in fact, our very first seven hours of dating and marriage, we had, we had, it was done as an outreach. So we had it in a nice hotel in the heart of the city. And about 70 youth showed up, you know, it was, for us also, it was quite surprising in those days.  And then our very first youth seminar to have 70 young people show up was quite interesting. But then from then on, you know, we've repeated some of these kinds of seminars. And other, other seminars would, you know, we've had people come and talk about some of the young people like social, I mean, the term we would use as social activism. So when we talk, we had people come and talk about what is happening with children being forced into either, you know, begging or sex trade. I mean, not children, but young people be taken and forced into these things. So that was one kind of a seminar that we had. We also had another seminar on more on addressing, you know, delving into the occult, you know, and because people were inquisitive and wondering what's going on in that area. Somebody who could speak on that and different kinds of seminars that are relevant to this age, 18 to 25, you know, what they are going through and what they are dealing with.  If you had talks on, you know, breaking free from drugs, how do you get out of it? How do you help others come out of it and so on. So these kinds of seminars that engage youth going through this stage, 18 to 25, you know, come and talk about or the effect or impact of social media. Again, talking about social media, you know, what do you do, what not to, you know, how to be careful in that area. So these kind of seminars always engage young people. And of course, in these seminars, you also bring forth biblical truths, biblical understanding on various things. So, you know, in the way you're also reaching them. So in addition to that, some of the things that we did was, you know, coffee, what we call as coffee day events. And we had a very interesting journey in this whole space on doing coffee day events. I remember way back, again, this goes back to the early days of 2003. There was probably only a few coffee day coffee shops in Bangalore in those days. I mean the coffee day brand. And we approached one of them. This was actually the one on MG Road. And we asked them, you know, can we use your space for about two hours? We will sing some songs and we will have a talk for some young people. But we will get into your business. That means, you know, all the young people who are going to come, they're going to buy a beverage and a snack at the coffee day. And so, you know, it was kind of a win-win situation. We needed a venue that we could do our things and they were going to get business. And so that, you know, we started events in coffee day and young people would show up and sometimes, you know, they were friends with church young people who would invite friends to coffee day. And we would sing Christian songs and then we would have a talk on, you know, just a message and special message from the Bible or something that's practical. And so, you know, a lot of young people started coming and we moved from coffee day to coffee day. We went to the biggest coffee day in Bangalore in those days, which was the corner of Cunningham Road. There was a, I think it's still there, the coffee day. We used to have monthly coffee day meetings. A lot of young people just showed up and could come. And at one point we hit about a hundred young people all crammed into that coffee day, but it was fun. It was, you know, everybody enjoyed it. And it gave us an opportunity to talk about Jesus and people could invite friends.  And then so we had to move into a hall, kind of a hall space that we moved into the auditorium at St. Joseph's Boys High School. So that season of doing these coffee day events was very good. And just have young people come and they would be very open, very casual. We'd talk, of course, with St. Christian songs and preach from the Word of God. So that was an outreach that we did in those days. And, you know, and then what we did was we took the same concept to Mangalore when we were working in Mangalore City. Again, there we approached the coffee day in one of the malls. And it was just once, sorry, over there in Mangalore it would happen. What frequency we did it. I forget, you know, but I think at least once a month we would have these coffee talks. And some of these, you know, handouts that we use are available on our church website. So if you go to our ABCW.org website and see under resources you will see some of the talks that we did. We should give handouts and the kind of topics we've addressed in these coffee day events. And even in Mangalore it worked very well. You know, people could invite friends and very informal casual environment. And we were able to, you know, a lot of people from those coffee day events will eventually end up coming to church.  And, you know, you'd rent it for an hour or two hours. And you're guaranteeing them business that which was okay, you know, at least 30 people will come and we'll order some snacks and beverage. So they get that business 30 or 40 or whatever number you would have. And then you get to use that space in a very informal way to, you know, talk to them and talk to the crowd. And of course there may be other people who come and they will also be kind of hearing you know what's going on. And so on. So that worked very well for us in those days, both in Bangalore and we also did that in Mangalore. So this was again geared towards reaching this age group, you know, college going students. They are between 80 to 18 to 25. And, you know, you can reach out to these young people through coffee day events and inviting them. Another thing that extended from because when we when we in Bangalore when the numbers were big, we moved to an auditorium. So the other young people and they're all gathering inside our auditorium that we used to use for church once a month. Then what we did was we said, you know, we would take these youth events to college campuses. So something similar to what we were doing with children, we said, we will get into college campuses. So we approached colleges. We used to just call them campus elevates.  I mean, the meaning it's not part of it's not going to affect their college schedule. So usually it'll be like on a Saturday off towards the last or immediately after their classes. Some colleges accommodated an hour for us, you know, they were kind. Some would give us Saturday right after classes. And, and it's okay. Now we tell them, look, we would speak to the college students, things that would be useful for them. We bring professionals and, you know, things, but things from the Bible. Things that would be useful for the young people and the colleges that opened up for us in Bangalore, and we do these campus elevate. So again, we had a team of volunteers would go to different campuses. They would sing us a couple of songs, and then somebody would speak to them on a topic that would be of interest to them. And, you know, and the nice thing is when we do these campus elevates, you know, there is really not much of an expense for us because we are using the auditorium that belongs to the college. You know, you'll have about 600 students or sometimes 1200 students sitting at the auditorium, you know, and we have not spent any money to get them to come or anything they're there. And we get to, you know, speak to them, share things with them. And then we would leave our resources at the back so that as the students are exiting, if they want to take any of our books or materials, they would do it if they if they wanted to. So it was a great opportunity to reach out to college students 18 to, you know, 21 some 225 through these, what we call this campus elevates. And everything is done with permission. So we go and get permission from the management, tell them exactly what we're going to talk and what we're going to do. And they work with us. So several colleges opened up in this way. Another thing that we also have done our youth concerts. These are kind of gospel concerts, music concerts that are geared towards the youth. So it would be an evening for two hours where we would advertise gospel band and music band. It's basically our worship team, but they're singing. They're providing, you know, music in a in a contemporary style. So it's not the traditional church hymns or songs, but it's more Christian songs, but in a very, very contemporary way. So it's a full fledged band and, you know, with all the things that go with this this concert. But, you know, the young people would come their youth would come just announced position at somewhere near a college, and they would come they would enjoy the music. And in some concerts, we also announced that there will be the preaching of the gospel. And so, you know, it was all clearly stated that this was a Christian concert a Christian gospel concert. They would be a message preach there will be people to pray for you, etc. So it was very clear there was no, you know, we were not doing anything wrong. All clear those who knew it would come they would bring their friends. And so the concerts, the youth concerts were also a way of reaching out to people. And I know we did it in Mangalore at least three years, I think for three years, every year we did a concert. And it was a great way to reach out to a lot of people a lot of college students would show up. And then of course we would we had a way of taking their contact details so that we could follow up with them after the concert. So again, those were that was again another strategy. And we did as a way to follow up with our campus elevates and we started campus groups.  So they would meet in somebody's house that is close to the campus, or in some cases, even in a coffee shop, it'd be a small gathering of, you know, 12 to 15 young people. And it was more like a Bible study, a time of prayer and so on. Much more of a discipling. And these also are working very well, especially in certain parts of the city where we had these groups happening. This was going very well and a great way to reach out to this more of a discipling of the young people. Some other things that that could be done in some places, especially in Mangalore. These things have been done is, you know, youth events, special meetings, like you're going on a picnic and so they would go away out on a picnic. They would invite their friends as well.  They would have a time together. And of course they would, they would be prayer and ministry as well, or within hostels holding Bible studies. So I'm just giving out some ideas. There will definitely be more ideas that you could come up with to think about reaching, you know, strategies to reach youth between ages 18 to 25. These are just some ideas. Let me just pause here and, you know, take your thoughts here. Anybody has any additional ideas that you've seen or maybe you've been part of to reach? You know, young people, we're talking about college students 18 to 25 in urban centers. Any other ideas, any things that you've done or you've seen others do that you think we could add to this list here just to share with the class. Thomas, Dave, Siddharth, Kannan. Any things you've done or you've seen people do to reach college students. So many of us are familiar with Campus Crusade and also with EU, the Evangelical Union. Both these are Christian organizations that primarily work among college students. They have good ministry happening among college students. So Campus Crusade does a lot of these campus groups that they would go into college campuses, reach students and do the small groups with the students, reaching them. So that's a good strategy. The EU does camps and the camps are very effective. That's where in the EU camps there's been so many numerous testimonies of college students giving their life to Christ, the Evangelical Union. They would have these camps where friends invite friends and they would go away to the camp a couple of days. They hear the gospel, they hear the messages and so many young people give their lives to Christ and then they have a good way to follow up with the young people. So we can learn a lot by observing these organizations that work with college students, how they reach out. Both Campus Crusade and Evangelical Union and I see they've shared on the chat about Youth for Christ. So these are good things and so depending on what you are doing or your local church and that you're planting, you can think of if college students are your target or part of your target. We hope you want to reach college students. What are some things we can do? I just said some things we've tried and we've done at APC and there are of course other organizations, other ministries that are reaching out to college students. So similarly the next age group that we can think of are the young adults. So these are people who are in the workplace. So they've come out of college. So they are like 25 plus. They are in the workplace. They are working. They may be the first job or maybe the second. This is getting started in their career and there are also many of them would be looking at getting married sometime along the journey. So that is an important part and some of them would get married and start their family. They will start having children. So that age group that we are looking at, the young adults, they are 25 to 35 age range. So how can we reach them? How can we meaningfully reach out to them? What we have done is again we used special seminars for this age group. Again, things like preparing for marriage seminar. Just the questions that people have in deciding on a life partner. So addressing those kinds of things, life skills, because these things become very important for the workplace. And so topics that would interest young adults. These professional conferences that we do again is very useful for young adults. So they have people who are more established in their professional fields, come and speak. So it of course benefits and attracts and benefits the young adults. Workplace groups again has been a very effective approach. Of course you've got to do this in a careful manner because you cannot use office space without permission. So it's always done with permission. Either if you're using a conference room in the workplace area, you have to do it with permission from the people. Or you could do it outside, outside of the office space, maybe in a restaurant or a cafe nearby. So these workplace groups have also worked very well. And again there are ministries that are engaged in reaching people in the workplace. And then home groups also is very important because a lot of these young people are looking for friendships. Many of them have moved new to the city because of jobs. And for them to get together with other young people, get together with other young couples, you know, mix is very, very, you know, it's a good opportunity to reach people. So these are some things we've tried and we keep doing and these things keep going, we keep on doing it. There are ways to reach young adults. Is there any other things that you want to add in terms of this kind of reaching young adults?  Any other thoughts that strategies for young adults? Anyone? Okay, so just sharing these thoughts here and you can think about, you know, making use of some of these ideas. Now, so they should have a young adults and then you also have married families. So these are, you know, we're talking about 35 up. They are now kind of more or less established as families in the city, in the urban center. What are some of the things that they would need? So a lot, a number of people would love to learn more about marriage and how to strengthen their marriage, how to make the marriage better, so on. Marriage courses are very, very relevant here for this age group. We also do and we have been doing, you know, parenting and marriage workshops. So again, we do using the seminar strategy, but it's really useful, you know, whether it's a marriage workshop or a parenting workshop. So it's a chance for these people in this age group to come to learn to connect. And of course, we, there is a counseling services that are provided. So when people are going through challenges with the difficulties and they need some help, they need some guidance. Sometimes it's for themselves, sometimes it's for their marriage, sometimes it's for, you know, in the parenting side, how do I work with certain challenges with children and so on. So the counseling is available and people reach out for help. And these men and women's conferences also attract people to come when we have certain topics of interest.  So you need teams of people who would go and visit them and reach out to them. So I'm just quickly, you know, sharing with you that, look, this is how we can develop strategies for people of different age groups. And as a church or as a ministry, depending on where you are, depending on the people around you that you're thinking of reaching, you can develop strategies. And of course, you need to have people who can do those things. You know, so as your congregation is growing, you can engage people. It gives a great means to get church people involved so that they can go out there and reach people in and around, you know, the community or in the city, right? And if you do it well, the first time, then when you keep repeating those seminars or workshops or conferences or, you know, people, more people will want to come. The news we get, go around, hey, this is a good thing to go to. There's a lot of useful, you know, information, there's a lot of value coming through. So, you know, the word we get through, people who want to come and you can use that as a way to connect people to the church or to the ministry that you are planting. The second way we develop strategy is when we address specific areas of need, right? So that means you're looking at either part of the city or you're looking at a certain group of people in the city and you're asking the question, you know, what are their needs? And how can I address those needs in a meaningful way so that through that I can, you know, present the love of Christ and present the gospel and give them an opportunity to know Christ. So you're addressing specific areas of need. Now, again, this is not a complete list, but just a few representative things that could be done. One is for people who are coming into the city looking for jobs or they may be coming into the city for education and to provide them this community that cares for them. You know, so they may have left family in some other part of the country and they've come to Bangalore and they come to the city either for education or for work and to be able to reach them and let them know that look, there's a community that cares and loves. So if you can help with the transition, maybe help in finding jobs, help in finding, you know, just especially for students, okay, they need a place to stay like a paying guest or a hostel. If you can help in that, then it becomes an opportunity to connect with them and from there, you know, you can reach out. So that's something to think about and I've seen this happen, especially with our Nepali church who did a lot of this and they were very good in doing this and taking care of people when they came into the city, either for education or for jobs. Some of the other areas that could be addressed but it does need, you know, it does need specialized kind of help. So in the case of suicide, in the case of drug addictions, in the case of job seekers, some people can give them some guidance, in the case of those who need financial help, those who can give guidance, you know, so these are things you can think of. Now, in the case, say, in suicide or addictions, we usually guide them to people who can provide that kind of help. You know, in the case of job seeking financial guidance, then, you know, we engage church people, church people are there who can provide that kind of assistance. But in some areas we need to guide them to other organizations that provide that kind of assistance. But these are things that you can think of again here and working with slums and homeless people. We've done some work with slums but usually there are organizations that focus on it and are able to do a good work in helping people in the slums or homeless people. And, you know, we just back them up, we just help them. In some cases we encourage people from the church to go and work with them to address these kinds of needs. Right, so we can think of this, you know, as the Lord leads and gives you opportunity, you can think of strategies that address areas of need. A third one would be strategies that address different spheres of activity when you're looking at different areas. Basically we're talking about education, the area of arts and entertainment, media, business, government, family, religion. You can have, you can develop strategies that reach people who are in these areas.  One is to host events where these kind of people who come and participate or to send teams to engage in these things. Teams from the church have gone and they have, you know, taken part in art events. So, you know, of course it's an event that's open to many, many teams, but then to have a church didn't go there and do something that's from the church. It's an opportunity to present the message. It's also an opportunity to let people know that the church can be involved in these things and, you know, make an impact. So in art, and we've also hosted art events so that people could come, they could invite their friends and come be a part of that event and then experience or be exposed to what, you know, what the church has to say in that area. So these kinds of events would be useful in connecting to people in this manner, you know, spheres of activity. Think about what they're doing and reach out to people in that area.  So you could invite people, professionals to come and attend and be a part of those, those events. Okay. So, you know, we, of course we need skilled people, qualified people to engage in these areas and as God gives you people in your congregation, you can encourage them to reach out to people and, you know, look at ways you can reach people. In those activities. So number four is by making use of tools, whether print, the internet, television, music and performing arts and so on. You know, so you, we've done quite a lot of this, like you're putting handbills in the newspapers and covers a certain area so people know you are there, your church is there or you're having a special event. You can advertise on social media, Facebook and YouTube and those kinds of things, promotions. You can advertise on local cable television. We did this in the early days. We would have scrolling ads and people would call for prayer and we could make those advertisements and, you know, so use various tools that we can reach people and let them know that you're there. Okay. So, let me pause here. So what we've done is this, in order to develop strategies to reach people in the, in the city or in the area where you're working. I'm just giving you ways by which you can think about strategies. One is by age groups. And so, you know, you assess and what are we doing for people in different age groups? What are their needs? How do we address them? Then you can think about special areas of need that you see around you, right? So people around us, what are their needs here? Can we develop strategies to address those needs?  So you look at that and say, okay, you know, what are things happening around where we are planting the church or doing the ministry? Can we develop a strategy to reach people based on their activities, what they're doing? You know, if you're near an example, if you're near a sports stadium, hey, there are people coming here for athletics and things like that. So can we do something there that would be tailored for them? You know, and we will be able to reach people in that manner. So think about activities. And then lastly, number four is make use of the tools that we have today, especially in urban context. There are many of these tools that we could use in newspapers, television, social media, so many things. So can we use those tools to get the word out to access people and let them know that, you know, that the church is there, the church is offering certain services, the church is available to help them and so on. Okay, so I'm just giving you how to think about the strategies. And I just talked about a few things that we have done and that people have done. But you pray and you ask God, God give us strategies. Now, what are new ways we could reach people?  How do we restart things after this pandemic?  Slowly, people will maybe, you know, end of the year next year, people are going to get back to hopefully some sort of normality. But I'm just saying, God, how do we reach people? Like, you know, because a lot of things that we have done the last year and a half or almost two years soon have stopped, you know, we can't do those things.  How are we going to minister to people? How are we going to reach people? It's kind of what I'm praying right now, just trying to understand what God would say and to get new strategies. You know, we are not very sure how and when everything is going to come back. But then the thing is, we have to continue to reach people. How do we do it? What would be the new, you know, areas of need that we have to be speaking to? What are people going to be thinking about? You know, and how do we address that? I'm talking about thinking about our city in that context. How do we address people in our city? What are people in our city? What are they facing? What are they thinking about? Right now, I'm just kind of praying about those things, you know, praying, just waiting on God. And then he will give us ideas. Okay, these are the things you need to start doing.  So then you can prepare and position yourself, get ready, you know, to carry out those strategies. When things open up and the opportunities open up, you should be ready and to go out there and serve people, reach people. And things that God has put in your heart. Okay, so I know that, you know, we have all gone through quite uncertain times. Ministry has not been the way it used to be. There are challenges. But what I want to just leave with us is let's start praying and seeking God for strategies that we can use. As things, as we progress, as we move into, you know, things that happened before us, you know, God will give us ideas. He'll say, get ready for this. Prepare yourself for this. This is how we're going to be able to reach people, you know, as things begin to open up and people start moving about and you have, you're able to connect. This is what you should be doing. These are the needs that you need to be addressing. So God will give you those ideas and then you will be, you know, if you and I prepare ahead of time, we'll be there to reach people. Okay, so we're going to pause here. And next week, we will talk about the seven mountain assignment, which kind of builds on what we were talking today on, you know, how do we target those areas of activities and how do we prepare the church to do that, especially in an urban context. It becomes very important in urban context because the church should reach people across these seven spheres of society. So we'll talk some practical things that we can do to prepare the church, the church plant. So you've got a few people. How do you prepare them to reach the seven spheres of influence? Okay. Any questions? I know I've spoken a lot. Any thoughts, any questions you want to share or ask? No questions. I don't see anything in the chat. Okay, you're all fine. Thomas, go ahead. You were saying something. As to what we have discussed today, for me, it's a new church on one or two years ago. So so many things that is there to take to learn. And what you said about, you know, adults and the youngsters, how we can reach. These are, I can take and I can apply this, I can see the results. So I don't have any questions, just I'm taking and learning the things. Okay, good. Very good. Yeah, just to stimulate your thinking and then definitely as you go forward, God will give you ideas for these different age groups and you can make use of it. Very good. Anybody else? Any thoughts, any comments? All right. So let's pause here for today. We close in prayer and next week we will talk about seven mountain assignment. And kind of move forward from there. Okay. All right. So, yeah, who wants to close in prayer? Maybe Dave, would you like to close in prayer and we will discuss after that? Okay. Have any father we thank you for today. We thank you for the listen that we've learned about Jesus. We thank you for this opportunity and this timing again. And we can look for you and everything that we've learned today. Help each one of us to keep it in our heart and all these things is something that can help us in our future or help in the present. We ask your spirit to take us through every situation, every condition of our life. Amen. Amen. Amen. Okay. Thank you, everyone. Thank you for being on the class today. I'll see you again soon. God bless. Bye now. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, everyone.


Jared Isaacman, the person who bought all four seats of the Inspiration 4 mission, went for a nice car-on-flight the other day, taking a couple jets for a spin around Starbase. Pilot John Baum joined Isaacman for the flybys, posting this cockpit video of one of the jets being flown between SN15 and SN16. I think it's a cool stunt, but it's certainly upset some people on Twitter.


The United Nations has said that the humanitarian crisis in the internally displaced persons IDPs camps in Benway State is worse than those in the north-eastern part of Nigeria, particularly in Bonou State. The humanitarian coordinator in Nigeria, Dr Mathias Schmel, made the observation when he visited some of the IDP camps in company of the governor and his team, our correspondent Francis Thier reports that Schmel urged Governor Aliyeh to identify key issues in order to find solutions to the insecurity crisis in the state, other than that the UN is keen to work with governments who are willing to bring lasting solutions. Governor Aliyeh, on his part, decried the extent of humanitarian crisis his administration on the assumption of office has encountered. It is very devastating to witness this, man's inhumanity to man. The camp we have here by the records, we have over 14,000 members in here, but this was an unofficial camp. So it's better imagined the other camps that we have that are yet to be discovered with the presence of the United Nations. I understand fully whether the resources of the state could not cushion an inch of the burden from all these camps. So their presence and their open arms and compassionate heart is going to make a difference. I am quite touched by the number of the things that are missing in this unofficial camp. There's no water, there are no toilet facilities. So it's like just sitting on a time bomb. So the good news is going to be that in a number of days you are going to put majors in place. The first thing to say is I have seen IDPs and IDP camps all over the world. What I have seen here today is amongst the worst situations I've seen, including compared to other places in Nigeria like the northeast. So really this can leave no one untouched to see 14,000 people as we're told. These kinds of miserable conditions as the governor has already said, no access to safe water. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hello and welcome back to the craft box. My name is Brent and today we are on episode 61 of the completionist crafter series and as always this is a death school only recipe today We are crafting ghoul from mortis over here, so we'll just get that 150 gold not too bad But yeah death school only as always on screen everything you need and require for crafting this treasure card Yeah, and as always you can also just go and buy it in the bizarre or from the library of Wizard City, you know, but It's also a recipe for death school only if you want to craft it kind of stupid. I know but you know, I don't make the rules I just Follow them It's not this one. Is it basic? Nope not that. Oh, oh, oh, I love it when I don't check what we're doing first Let's find out is this one. Yes. It is basic crafting station one dark sprite TC You can just go buy that or you can craft it One jade from reagent vendors. I usually go to wizard city or crocodopia black coal I usually go to Celestia reagent vendor for that mistwood. I do have a video on mistwood, but I suggest Going to I can't remember what it's called Scotland Yard Roof That's what it is called and there's a whole bunch of spawns up there and red mandrake slightly difficult Just find them. Good luck. I think they're from I kind of sure remember where they're from I think they're from night shade from possibly there is a transmute recipe that I have Where is it red I can I can Thing is is it not a recipe for it? Maybe there's not I don't know Mandrake there it is Mistwood and a deep mushroom so it must be a red drop of deep mushrooms I assume not a hundred percent sure, but that's the transmute recipe if you wanted that but yeah, there we go There's the gold treasure card it crafted already As I was blabbing along but as always it is a Rank two spell 180 drain Obviously swaps half to health 85 accuracy death school spell you can only craft it if your death was it But yeah, that is all for today. Thank you for watching Remember to leave a like and subscribe if you subscribe press the little bell so you know exactly when I post another video and remember to craft outside the box


I was wondering if you could kind of pinpoint anything that maybe you guys for four or five games, six games, we're kind of carrying this team's outscoring people. Anytime you touch the ball, you move it right down the field. It's bogged down a little bit lately. Is anything that's thrown this group collectively out of sync? No, I think we just have to get back to what we were doing earlier in the year. No, we can't let one player want maybe a penalty or something kind of throw us off our rhythm. It seemed like earlier in the year, we'd have a penalty and then we would pick up the first down. And so this is one of those things where we just have to try and fight through the adversity in drives. Is there is it OK if I follow up on that? At some point, does maybe the pressure of feeling like, OK, we do need to score every drive? Does that maybe make you put too much on one mistake or one penalty, like you said, whereas before? Maybe you guys were playing a little looser? No, I don't think that has any place in anybody's mind. Jim? Where did you feel like this game maybe? I think things started off well, but it seemed like the game kind of flipped in the third quarter, I guess. When in your mind did the game kind of flip and how disappointed that maybe it didn't compete better down the stretch? Yeah, obviously, we kind of stalled offensively in the third quarter and put us in a tough spot. We need to continue drives, need to keep getting first downs, and need to be able to score touchdowns. And we didn't do that.


Hello, my name is Anita Odena Cruz. I immigrated in the United States in 1975. So pardon for my accent, I still have the Filipino accent. The title of my poem is Jasmine. It's about the climate change. I waited for the scent of Jasmine and the wind to sprinkle in the bits of white. I'm provoked for petals to exchange its color for your blue eyes. Did I, of this shirt, I last saw you in? You said you saw a bluebird hopping, wing broken in the left side, looking for the seeds. You said it strains, you cannot sleep, heaving sin in the infirmity of God's ways. Weeks later, there's still no rains falling over the land, now burning in heat. I have left you last night without waiting for you to wake up, limping, I grove down. I grove downstairs in the dark with a bag of bread and chicken legs for my next trip. I hope the Jasmine will stay longer to perfume the land throughout the summer days. You can still see the bluebirds hopping for seeds. Intense and hoping to exchange the heat with rainy skies. This late, you may know the ways of the birds, but not the unpredictability of the summer rains. Thank you so much.


I'm Michelle Marino, and welcome to ACMI's election coverage of the 2014 Selectman Debate. I'd like to thank all of the candidates for joining us here in studio, and we're going to jump right in to candidate opening statements. We'll begin with Ms. Mahan. Thank you, Michelle. Thank you, ACMI. Thank you, Arlington, for watching us here tonight. My name is Diane Mahan, and I'm a candidate for reelection to the Arlington Board of Selectmen. Nearly 15 years ago, I began a successful candidacy to join the then colleague on the Board of Selectmen. And I remember back then I ran with great passion and enthusiasm because I really wanted to serve the town of Arlington this way. I don't consider a job. I can't believe 15 years have gone by, but I really do love what I do. I love serving the residents of the town. I love the town of Arlington. And I love the challenges that are faced before us, as well as bringing people together and getting you the public to participate. And I respectfully request that if you so feel that I'm doing a good job to return me to office on Saturday, April 14th, so I can continue on doing what I love and hopefully doing it as well as I have been for the past 15 years. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Dunn. Thank you. Hello. My name is Diane Dunn. I'm running for reelection to the Board, and I'm asking for your support on Election Day on April 5th, so that I can continue to support this wonderful community. When I ran for office three years ago, we were facing a significant budget crisis. The first promise I made was to try to solve that crisis by putting together a long-term plan. I'm happy to say that we were able to do that, and three years later, that plan looks like it's going to last longer than three and maybe even seven years. I worked with my colleagues, and we worked together to develop a plan to help put, excuse me, to solidify Arlington's footings. I'm proud of my last three years and not just because of our financial situation. I've helped the town's education by supporting it and supporting it financially. I've helped drive investment in technology in the town, and I've helped improve the quality of life in Arlington, from parking to public art. I'm running for reelection because there's still plenty of work to be done. I hope you'll agree that I'm the right person to help lead Arlington for the next three years. Thank you. Thank you. Mr. Tosi. Thank you. I'm Bob Tosi, and I'm seeking to be your voice on the Arlington Board of Selectment. When I was a sixth grade student at the Locke Elementary School, it was being closed due to declining student enrollment, so I joined other neighborhood school advocates and held signs and protests around Arlington Town Hall that read, Don't Locke the Locke. This was my first time to take a stand on an issue that I was passionate about. I'm a lifelong resident and graduate of Arlington Public School System. Arlington has given me so much, and I strive to continually give back. I have an extensive record of service to the Arlington community, including 27 years on Arlington Town Meeting, 12 years on the Finance Committee, and nine years on the Council on Aging Board, where I served three years as Chairman. I care across generations as I have supported the renovations of all seven elementary schools and the long overdue renovations of Arlington High School, as well as being a leader on senior issues. I enjoy meeting my fellow citizens, and I'm open and available to hear your issues. Thank you. Thank you all very much. We're going to move to question one, and we'll begin with Mr. Dunn. What is the primary mission of the Board of Selectmen, and tell us how you would contribute to that mission? I think that the mission of the Board of Selectmen is to be the leaders for the town. Town meeting has most of the power in town, and I love the town meeting form of government, and I think that what we have in Arlington and our town meeting is a really powerful thing. It helps build our community. It helps us, it helps make us who we are. But you also need a set of people who are going to set the tone for the town. I think that one of the really important things is we have a town of volunteers, and you need, as a selectman, to encourage more volunteers, to make it easy for volunteers. And that involves, and of course, the technical ways you do that are things like you hire the town manager. While I was on the Board, we hired Adam Chapter Lane, and I think Adam's done a fantastic job. And one of the things you have to make sure is you have to make sure that you choose someone who's going to help the town employees, help the rest of the town. So I think that the way that we work together as volunteers and public employees is, like I think that those are the leaders, that is the leadership that the Board of Selectmen has to demonstrate. Mr. Tozi, you have 30 seconds. Yes, thank you. While the selectman's office is the executive branch of the town of Arlington, I have been proud to serve on the legislative branch through town meeting, through the equivalent of the houseways and means on the finance committee. But the selectman's office is to, members are to lead and set policies. And the best way to do that is by listening to the residents and working with them to do the best we can for the town of Arlington. Thank you. Ms. Mahan. Again, as has been stated before, being a member of the Board of Selectmen is basically to do the town's business. And I think one of the elements of being a good member of the Board of Selectmen is that we're there to listen. We're there to listen to constituents who come in. We're there to listen to employees who come in. We're also there to listen to issues that arise, as well as balance setting policies that will guide the town, as well as listening to all the interested voices that need to have a say in that process. Thank you. We're going to move to question two. And we will begin with Mr. Tozi. What role does community input play in determining the decisions you will make as a selectman? Community input is one of the on-marks of my campaign. No five members of the Board of the Selectmen will have all the answers. We have great expertise in this town. We need to tap into them. The Selectmen have the citizen-adviser committee through TAC for transportation. We should probably emulate that with other committees on other major issues that come before the town so we can best saddle that knowledge to come up with the best answer for the community. Community involvement is great in volunteers. In all facets of life in Allington, we couldn't do what we do in Allington without the community involvement we have. And we need to continue to foster that, maybe have a volunteer coordinator to help match up people better with opportunities that exist in Allington. Thank you. Ms. Mahan. I'd say sort of one of the forefronts cornerstones of my original candidacy and current candidacy is community activism. I started out as a neighborhood activist, a school activist when they were talking about closing Bracket in Paris and started friends of neighborhood schools. And I learned the benefits of getting everybody together, a like-minded body that really wanted to make Allington a better place, keep it the community that it is and help it to grow into the community that everybody wants it to be. So I'm very supportive of that. Mr. Dunn. I think that it's pretty obvious that you do need to listen to the community. And you should listen to the community even when you agree with them and you should listen when you disagree. Because there's very few decisions that you make that everyone agrees on. If everyone agreed, the decision would be made already. But I think you have to go the extra step to make sure that you're solicit the opinion. So for instance, when the town realized that it has an extra property on Mass Ave that it didn't realize. And we need to figure out how to repurpose that. I would suggest to the town manager that we put together a hearing process to bring in people to talk about what that Mass Ave property will be. Thank you. We're going to move to question three. And we'll begin with Ms. Mahan. Thank you. Structural deficit refers to the imbalance in revenues and town expenses. What are your strategies to address and resolve the structural deficit in Arlington? Well, it has been referenced before. We did have the most recent successful override where we had initially anticipated a certain number of years that it would carry us over. And hopefully it appears an additional two years will be added on to that. And that's mainly a large part to the town manager and his efforts. One of the areas that I've always tried to look at over the years is looking to our legislative delegation, looking to our funding formula, which I know Arlington's in the minority in the state house in terms of how our funding formula affects us. But one of the things I'd like to try to continue to do in the future, and I've done it in the past with getting lights on the warranty pierce field and the stands and the turf and other projects, is finding creative ways to go out after grants that really brings various people together and entities together that make us a successful bid. So what I'd like to do is try it on the town front but also look to our legislative delegation as well as the many grants that are out there, including grants for the future for sustainability. Thank you, Mr. Dunn. Well, there is absolutely no way you can answer this question in 30 seconds. Just can't, way too many things to talk about. What I will say is that there isn't a single solution to the structural deficit. And in fact, I don't think you can in the near future resolve the structural deficit. You have to chip away at it from different directions. You have to look at ways to increase your revenue. You have to look at ways to control your costs, but you can't simply build your way out of it and you can't simply tax your way out of it. You have to try different solutions and use pieces of each one. Mr. Tazi. Thank you. Well, the previous Charlie Lions plan as was so called and the current multi-year financial plan both relied on overrides and cost containment. But we need to look beyond that because we can't keep going back before the voters. They've been very generous. And I know we do with the best we can but we need to continue to look for more efficiencies and possible joint efforts with other communities to save money mutually because it's not a problem unique to Allington. Thank you. Thank you. We're going to move to question four and we'll begin with Mr. Dunn. Name one accomplishment and one lesson you've learned in the past year and it can either be professional or personal. A lesson that I've learned in the... I guess the first thing that I'll say but I'll put them both together. And that is we had a series of hearings about alcohol licenses in town and we had a number of restaurants who had violated the town's law and it served people who were under 21. And those hearings were emotional and contentious and at least one of them I misheard one of the speakers and then you watch the tape or you hear about it from other people and you come back two weeks later and you realize that you simply you misunderstood and that there's a communication problem which is difficult sometimes emotionally when you're up there. And I came back to two weeks later and I said I realized my mistake and I apologized and we reversed part of our decision and I got a lot of really good feedback about that and I think that it was rewarding for me to see that the town appreciates someone who can acknowledge their own mistakes. Thank you, Mr. Tazi. Thank you. In the last year I had the privilege to serve on the Selectman's Volunteer Awards Committee and we got to recognize citizens of the town for their volunteer services and that was a privilege to be part of. It's so important to thank the residents for what they do. You can't thank people enough for that. As far as lessons learned, I hope if I'm elected the Board of Selectmen I will learn each and every day and if I do right things I want to hear it and when I do missteps I want to hear that too and learn from them. Thank you, Ms. Mahan. First after accomplishes in 30 seconds my accomplishment that I would point to again towards community and neighborhood activism the residents down at Sunnyside Ab. I've been working with them and our state legislators as well as DCR and the governor in terms of the Al-Waif Greenway which is a great benefit to the town but there were some mitigating factors that kind of fell through the loophole that successfully with the neighbors again organizing we got together. A lesson I'll say real quick and maybe we'll talk about it in the future is I'm learning right now about digital meeting management into the 21st century. Thank you. For the second segment we are going to allow the candidates to ask each other questions and we are going to begin with Mr. Tazi. You will be able to ask your fellow candidates a question and they'll have an opportunity to robot. All right, go ahead. Thank you. I will be advocating for a long-term planning for a community center to have a more appropriate place for our seniors, youth and all residents to gather together. I'm asking my fellow candidates are you in support of this initiative of mine and if not, why not? We're going to begin with Ms. Mahan. I wanna thank Mr. Tazi, Bob for raising that because the Allington Senior Center as well is providing more opportunities and places for our youth to gather are very important and they're really a testament to the town how we carry forward in that. As a coach at the high school, I can tell you I hear all the time from the students up there and in the middle school and I also do youth sports. They're always seeking something more. Where can we go? When are we gonna get a pool? Can we get a second rank? When I visited my friends at the senior association in terms of what they have over there, they're very grateful for it but there have been quite a few losses and cutbacks and some programs that the coordinator has come up with and some of the town employees that we just need the idea, the funding to move forward on and I'm hoping especially with the infrastructure with the senior association, the senior center, I would say senior association. There's also council on aging that that will be something that will be on our plate hopefully in the next three years if not sooner. Mr. Dunn, your answer. Thank you Bob. One thing I say is I'll never say yes or no without doing my homework first and I don't know enough about the proposal to really answer the yes or no but I can tell you the framework that I'll look at it in and the framework is looking at our capital plan and what we have to fund over the next several years and what we also have to fund outside of the capital plan because as we all know the Arlington High School needs a significant renovation. We have the Minuteman Vocational High School which is going to need some sort of investment over the next few years whether it's at Minuteman or some other location and we also have coming up because of our structural deficit we're gonna have to do an operational override at some point in the next few years and so I would be, I want to, whatever the details of the plan are I wanna evaluate that within the framework of those financial decisions we have to make. Mr. Tazi, you have a 30 second rebuttal. All right, good. Well, I'm glad to hear the support or at least consideration of such my proposal. Belmont built a new center recently while Lexington and Burlington both bought new buildings to better meet the needs of its residents. A community center would be a great resource to better accommodate thriving volunteer groups and promote intergenerational programs. Yes, I hear Dan's concern about the large capital expenses we're coming up forward. We dedicate 5% of our expenditures each year to capital expenditures and this should be part of that long-term plan. Thank you. Thank you all. We're going to move to the next question which will be asked by Ms. Mahan. Okay, it's sort of piggybacks on one of the previous questions I think yours Bob. If any of us are elected successfully to the board of selectmen, what major issue project do you see facing Arlington that you would sort of like to have a leadership role on? Mr. Dunn. I think I just outlined a few of them in my last question. I think that the financial questions that we've got coming up are really important. Separate, and so I'll just keep going on some other things that I worry about or think about and think about ways that we can do better. Technology is one of them. I continue to believe that as we invest in technology in the town, that is one of the ways that we control costs within the town. We can actually improve services to the town and save ourselves money at the same time. And when you can do that, that's just one of those, that's the silver bullet for managing the structural deficit. And so I point to the GIS mapping system that we've invested in in the last few years. And so with this mapping system and devices that town employees can walk around and enter into the mapping, when we had the microburst in 2012, we were marking down every single tree and every single piece of damage that was done, which meant that like a week later, we could be in the state house asking for reimbursement and we were also able to repair and recover much more quickly. Thank you, Mr. Tazi. Yes, as was mentioned earlier, the High School is desperate need of renovation or rebuild, it could threaten to lose its accreditation if we don't move forward. So I'd like to take a lead on educating the public on the different options that we'll have to explore the costs of rebuilding, the costs of renovation or a hybrid of both so that they know what it would cost to do either. It would take a town-wide debt exclusion vote to manage such a project. But the High School is something that affects all the public education of our students and it's something that we all need to get behind. Thank you. Thank you. Ms. Mohan, you have a rebuttal of 30 seconds. 30 seconds, it's been stated before, but I can just tell you, having graduated from Arlington High School in 1980, I am walking the same halls as I did back then and being a coach, I've been in Greater Boston League, Dual County League, and now Middlesex League, and I've yet to find a high school that is in more disrepair than Arlington High is. So I definitely want to make that one of my goals as well as working to retain the good employees that we have, we realize savings through GIC, they're paying more for the health insurance. I'd like to give some back to them so we can keep them. Thank you. Mr. Dunn, your question. So when I ran three years ago, the thing that surprised me, I would say one of the things that surprised me the most when I took office was what fraction of time you spend on parking. Parking is really a complex issue because of residents and commercial and pedestrians and it's very, so I'm curious, what are the top two things that my friends up here would say they want to do differently? Mr. Tazi. Well, I hear Dan's concern, although I am sitting on the board, I do watch the meetings and it is an inordinate amount of time that's unfortunately spent on parking and there are so many issues, but when it affects you, the parking issue affects you, it affects your life each and every day because if you're looking for a place to park or you don't have a place to park or you're worried about a ticket, that's your daily life and that's all that you can focus on unfortunately. But the town did vote to not have off street parking at night and so that's something I want to continue and support behind and as far as the time you spend on it, well, we need to give each person and each person that comes before the board of select when they do time and handle it on a case by case basis and try to come up with a solution for them. Ms. Mahan. I agree, Dan, parking and dogs but we're not gonna talk about dogs right now, parking takes a great amount of our time and each situation pretty much is unique but also as my job as a professional court reporter, I also kind of think in the framework of policy protocol procedure. We do have policy and we do have procedures for people for not just overnight parking but also during the daytime parking. A lot of the merchants have spoken to me about, we want to increase business in Arlington, we want to get more businesses attracted to Arlington one of the major obstacles is finding parking to adjacent facilities that we can attract those big businesses. So while I think we have something set in place for overnight parking, it can always be fixed, the select men meet every year over the summer and talk about our policies and procedures but I think one of the other things that we have to spend some more time on is working with the businesses and the residents in terms of making sure we make Arlington attractive to people who want to come and shop here. Thank you, Mr. Dunn. I think the thing that I want to do most is follow through on the parking study that we commissioned. I was a passionate proponent and supporter and initiator of this parking study about what we're, and some of the recommendations that are coming out of it are very fascinating and they suggest ways that we can park smarter in Arlington through regulation and better signage and things like that. And so if reelected, one of my big things is going to be follow through on the recommendations of that report. Thank you. The candidates will now have a one minute closing statement and we'll begin with Mr. Tossi. Thank you. Arlington is a welcoming community and part of that is being open to differing points of view. After listening to the people of Arlington, I have learned that many do not feel their issues are given proper attention. I am dedicated to having a town of inclusion where we address citizens' issues and treat people with respect. As your select men, I will set that example. I can serve as a bridge between lifelong residents and newer citizens. I value the contributions and sacrifices of longtime Allingtonians while also welcoming and encouraging new ideas of more recent residents. I plan to bring my experience from all my volunteer work including the Allington Council on Aging and the Food Pantry to the discussions of the Board of Selectment. I am open and available to listen to your concerns and would welcome your ideas. If elected, I will continue to make myself available so that I can be a voice for all citizens you deserve to be heard. Share your thoughts on my website at bobtossi.com. I respectfully ask for your support and, most importantly, your vote on Saturday, April 5th. Thank you. Thank you. Mr. Dunn. So, in this short debate, you can't cover everything that you'd like to. And I would say that the topic that I would have liked to have spent I wish we had a chance to spend more time on was education. I'm very proud of my support of education within Arlington. The multi-year plan that we built three years ago was centered around supporting and protecting education within the town. And in the budget the town meeting is going to be voting for in this coming spring, I helped fight for $890,000 in it to manage or to teach the students as we are going through unprecedented enrollment growth within the town. So that was the issue that I wanted to talk about probably that we didn't get to. I'm proud of the last three years. I'm proud of what I've done over the last three years. We have plenty of challenges coming forward in the next three years and I'm very excited to take them on. I hope that I've earned your support and I ask for your vote on April 5th so that we can continue to build on our success. Thank you, Ms. Mahan. Thank you Michelle for hosting this tonight and thank you ACMI and all the workers and volunteers that are here. And most importantly, thank you Arlington for listening to me and my colleagues, Bob and Dan as you can probably see, we all really want this job. I don't consider it a job. I really consider it a vocation. I was always raised to see what you can do to make yourself better, to make your neighbor better, to make your community better. When I first ran and you have to think of what your tagline is gonna be, my tagline was and has been because I care. I really do care. My number one job I feel is constituent services. I wanna bring the same energy and enthusiasm because I still have it from day one from 15 years ago to now. I consider it an honor and privilege. Each and every time I am elected to the board of selectmen because you're allowing me to do what I love to do. You're allowing me to help give back to the community that's given so much to me. And I respectfully request for one of your votes on Saturday, April 5th. Thank you so much. Thank you. And I'd like to thank you all for joining us here in studio for ACMI. I'm Michelle Marino and I encourage you all at home to get out and vote.


Even, you know, the CEO of BlackRock, Larry Fink, he mentioned that, you know, if young people were to take, you know, invest in brain more seriously and looking for the long term, an issue of retirement wouldn't be as of a big problem for the next generation. No. What do you think about that quote and how do you think we should? I think it is a genius quote and retirement for a lot of people just seems so far away so they don't want to think about it. But I do just like the idea of having that sort of safety blanket beneath you. It almost feels like you're building your life upon a very stable rock where, if anything goes wrong, it's just nice knowing that you have that sort of money compounding beneath you. You really see a lot of older people now struggle to retire. So many people, honestly, retiring, so many people are working past retirement now. I feel like the average person will not retire at retirement age anymore. No. Yeah. Like there are black cab drivers still in London that are like 75 because they can't retire.


Welcome to the first installment of making a zine. This is a new series where I take you from the shoot all the way to the finished product. This is meant to be an introduction to the series. So I thought we'd go over the why. Why the series, why the zine? Well, I like making zines. That's one good reason why. I really don't enjoy landscape photography or nature photography that much in the summer. It's usually hot and dry around here. The light's usually not what I'd like, especially in the wooded areas. And so I'm rarely very productive in the summer when it comes to photography. And I thought, let's try to change that. Let's do a project. Let's focus on something. And by the end of the summer, I'll have something I can show for myself. And another reason for the project is fuel costs. You all know that it's very expensive to drive. I can't go too far. If I'm gonna work on a project, it's gonna have to be fairly close to home. So this project and this zine, the subject to the zine, is within 10 miles of my house. Luckily, it happens to be one of my favorite places to take photographs. I'll be focusing on the ecosystem of this little park. It has a creek running through it. It's got nice wooded areas. And it's got a few waterfalls. It should make a very good subject for a zine. So this project can be taking most of my time. And most of my photography is gonna be focused on this zine project. So how does that affect my YouTube channel? And I started thinking, well, that might actually make a nice series. I've always been big on doing series even when I was in journalism. When I worked for the newspaper, the summer was often a slow time of year. So a section editor myself would get together and we just come up with a series that we could run all summer long that we thought the viewers might like to see, might like to follow. And I think that that's kind of what I'm looking at for this YouTube channel. This series might be a nice way to follow along on this project. The parameters are, it's a summer project. So it started a couple of weeks ago. I'm getting a slow start on it. June 21st is the first day of summer and it will run through to September 22nd, which is the last day of summer. So I need to have all my photography done in that timeframe. And I've decided to make this project on film. It'll be 35 millimeter black and white film. This will be the first project I've done completely on film, at least in many years. And I'm kind of excited about that. So it's gonna have a nice uniform look and 35 millimeter also allows me to take a lot of photographs and not really worry too much about being conservative with my photographs. If I see something that catches my attention, I'm just gonna take a picture. And I'm gonna show some pretty mediocre stuff I would imagine as the series goes on because I'll be taking photos that at the time look like they might be something. But they may not be the greatest. But it's a good thing to show. It gives you an idea of how the project's going. This project's probably gonna be quite a challenge. And that's another thing that attracts me to it. The light in the summer is often not ideal in the wooded areas. So I'm gonna have to go very early to make images often on these blue sky days. And I may only have a two hour window to make a photograph or a couple of photographs or shoot a roll of film before the sun gets too high and it gets too harsh. If I get lucky, I'll get some days with some clouds that I can work longer.  So the two kind of overlapped. Now I can focus all my attention on this new zine. Some of the elements in this series that I'd like to make sure I hit is some of the editing of the photographs. Some of the picking, the sorting, the picking of the pictures. And I'm hoping that maybe the viewers can participate some in what photos that actually end up in the zine. That might be kind of fun. So basically we're hitting every step. We're gonna be doing the photography, which is for the next couple of months, that's gonna be what we're focused on most. I hope you don't get too bored with me out taking pictures of the same area. But it's a nice area, so it could be worse. And then we'll start mixing in some of the editing as I'm making some of the photos. And then once we've got all the images, we'll start trying to put together a narrative for this zine. What is it we wanna show? And then finally, we're gonna lay it out and have it printed. I think this could make an interesting series. So now that we've got this introduction out of the way, let's take a look at this first photo shoot at McDell Creek. After a couple hours of walking around and making photographs, I didn't really have a lot to show for myself today. It was really just the first outing, just to kind of start getting myself tuned into the location. Sometimes that takes a little time. I knew it was going to be bad light, and the light was really becoming pretty harsh. So it was time to pack up and call it a day. I finished a roll of film. I felt like that was a productive start. And I got a few photos that I think are a good start to the project. I used to kind of joke that I was at my office when I was out at this park because I would do quite a few things out there in the past. It truly will be my office this summer. I'm looking forward to revisiting every inch of this park this summer. And I hope that I can find something that I haven't seen there before. One of the dangers of a project like this on a location that I've been a lot is it's gonna look kind of ordinary or mundane to me. And I'm hoping that doesn't happen. I'm hoping I can still appreciate the beauty of this location and not feel like I'm rehashing something. Even though I'm shooting the same waterfalls, the water levels are different. The light's different. It's amazing how you can return to the same location over and over again and find something different. If this looks like it's gonna be something that you're interested in, if you haven't subscribed, make sure you don't forget to do that and hit the like button. That really helps us get more people to see what we're doing. If you wanna take that a step further, as I always say, I do have a Patreon page. If you wanna help with future projects, you can be a Patreon team member. So until next time, thanks for coming along for the ride.


Hello everyone, I'm Tuan from the University of Manchester. Today, I'm going to present our study about deny of service on FPGA-based cloud infrastructure. In this presentation, we'll go through our attack experiment and also the defense mechanism. First, let's briefly talk about the FPGA technology. So an FPGA consists of configurable logic blocks connected by routing channels or switch matrices. The low-level programmability allows implementing malicious circuits like a ring oscillator on the right figure here. In this example, we have a lookup table config as an inverter which enables pin A, input pin B, and inverted output pin F. The routing is done by configuring multiplications of nearby switch matrix. And that's how we design ring oscillators. The speed of a ring oscillator depends purely on the propagation delay of the loop. A ring oscillator like this could normally run up to 6GHz and that eventually draws a lot of dynamic powers. Also, a small change in delay caused by temperature or interference could vary the speed of ring oscillator dramatically. That is why we could exploit it to sense the state of nearby circuitry. Here are common attacks and defenses on FPGAs. For client-based uses, the main motivation is to steal the design loaded on the FPGA. This can be done through bitstream manipulation, power analysis, or electromagnetic analysis. To protect it, we could use bitstream encryption or authorization. For cloud-based uses, the target is the data being processed by the board. This can be done either actively using full injection or passively using side-channel attacks. Currently, countermeasures are design route checks, bitstream scanners, and design improvements. In this study, we explore attack on availability. Consider a cloud service provided hosting multiple users reliably. We aim to create excessive waste power for crushing or damaging an FPGA instance. Here we choose AWS F1 instances. We also aim to trigger resonant effects in the power regulator circuits to maximize damage as FPGA boards are likely to run on the same power rail. So the potential attack channel could be that hackers use fake ID or credit card to get access to the instance. Or for a simpler way, think of an FPGA design like a software application. There is also marketplace for sharing accelerators similar to mobile app store. Imagine that a chosen is impacted in a popular accelerator such as Bitcoin mining and put it to marketplace for free. Then it's not hard to scale up the attacks and cause severe disruption. So how severe power hammering attacks could be? To give you some numbers, only 10% of lookup table resources could draw up to 350W. That translates to kilowatt of power hammering potential. Interestingly, many of our circuits are not supported by the vendor tune and some of it can be deployed on AWS F1 instances. To give a comparison, the sun emits 6.3 kilowatt per square centimeter. Our number is not that far away. So we are now going to study about AWS F1 security architectures. Currently there are 4 security fences. We are going to explore it in the next few slides. The first fence is design inspection. The purpose of it is to prevent malicious design when user uploads their designs. Here a couple of FPGA vendor tunes are used such as DRC, unrooted net checks, design integrity checks and placement checks. It should be noted that the DRC couldn't detect all oscillators' circuits and if a design passes this fence, it can be deployed directly on FPGA cloud instances. This table shows some shell oscillating designs that could pass this fence and if it is sweet for server type of attacks, some designs are not suitable for DOS because the power gain is not enough to break the upper power limit. After the design inspection, AWS will generate bitstream from user designs and the generated bitstream are not exposed to users. Therefore, it prevents manipulating the bitstream even though the bitstream format is not publicly available. After the bitstream is generated because user don't have access to bitstream, the programming and debugging can only be done through custom API. This step will load the design onto the FPGA fabric. After the design is loaded onto an FPGA, power and temperatures are closely monitored. If high power consumption reaches, a warning is given. If power continues racing, clock will no longer be supplied and finally if temperature it reaches for some reason, the shutdown sequence is automatically triggered. It looks comprehensive at first, but we will show how to bypass this fence later. We are now going to deploy the deny of service attack on the AWS F1 service. So there are many deployable cell oscillating circuits which we have tested in the literature. For puff, we are going to use the latch by ring oscillator on the left. A latch here is configured to be nothing but a normal wire that sends signal from D to Q. For power wester, we have explored that the carry primitive is a good candidate. It is because we could create up to 8 ring oscillators out of one primitive and it can give a decent and controllable power potential. You can see how once a ring oscillator is created using the mugs inside the carry primitive on the right figure here. It behaves exactly like the lookup table config as an inverter. So in order to identify the instance that we are attacking, we use a simple puff here just for the purpose of finger printing the FPGA fabric. The right figure shows an example of puff responses. From this, we can clearly see the effect of power or temperature on the speed of puff. Therefore, we could know if the fabric has been used recently. Or put it in another way. We could also have some idea about the scheduling policy of FPGA in the data center. Here is how it looks on an FPGA layout. From left to right, first we have 3 puffs and speed 1 per dive just for curiosity since those FPGAs are stacked from 3 individual dives. Next we have our power wester and controllers. Then we have the AWS shell region. You can also see that we left one dive almost unused and that is more than enough to draw substantial power. Now let's talk about our power hammering design. We have shown previously in one of the security fans that if power limit exists, clock will no longer be supplied. That is why we need to have our own independent clock source and it's generated from nowhere other than a ring oscillator. With a pre-scaler, we can adjust the frequency that suits our needs. The purpose of the long change here is to ramp up power over time by enabling ring oscillator one by one. Together with the 32-bit counters, we can know exactly how many ring oscillator have been activated. As a result, we can determine roughly the power of an FPGA even when we lose the connection to it due to own system clock are gated. In some experiments, we can even observe that the instant terminal was freezing when power reaches critical point. It shows that the shutdown sequence is not only power of the FPGA ball but it also affects the host machine. With everything in place, here is the attack flow on the left. First step is to get an instant. Then we fingerprint it by using puff design to get puff response. Step 3 is to crush the instant by power hammering design. After that, we restart the instant and continue the attack sequence. The result is without attacking in step 3, we're likely to get the next instant within 5 minutes. However, when crushing the instant, we clearly see that the time to get next instant increased dramatically up to more than 12 hours. It definitely shows that the attack we deploy has effect on reliability of F1 service. Moreover, when examining the fingerprint, we saw that the minimum time to get the same fabric reallocated is about 52 minutes and the chance to get the same fabric in 2 consecutive experiments is about 1% over 100 experiments. With substantial downtime, we can estimate the cloud service provider loss is about 10 times the attacker cost if an attacker use fake identity. And if the malicious design was given as a chosen, it will definitely cause large disruption. So there are few mitigation strategy we could have here. First, let's talk about the FPGA Scanners. We expanded our previous work on Beach Stream Scanner to take input as user design instead of Beach Stream for ease of use and adaptation. Since cloud service provider like AWS doesn't accept Beach Stream directly, the scanner then run through a set of virus signature to check for malicious design, for example, combinatorial loops, high glitches net, high funnel nets, illegal port use. Finally, it reposts and is up to the configuration manager to decide if the design is safe enough to be loaded onto the fabric. This table shows the comparison between current mitigation methods. Hardware enhancement could likely to prevent own kind of attacks to some extent without sacrifice FPGA resources. But the cost is very high. Run time monitoring is good with medium cost, it consumes FPGA resources and also we believe it should be a secondary measure because as a time of detection the attack has already happened. For design inspection, unfortunately, DRC currently couldn't detect or prevent any kind of attacks. However, our proposed scanner could effectively prevent most kind of attacks without using any FPGA resources. We're now working on detection glitch based power hammering to complete our engine to detect own kind of known attacks on availability. So, that's the end of my presentation. I'd like to say thanks to all the people and organizations that support our work. If you want to see our project, please visit the link here. Thank you.