TLO what's poppin? We are on kick KIC cake.com. We are Live well, maybe by the time you see this we won't be so just leave a like comment subscribe turn on your post notification bells Let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK This right here if we go live and you miss it this one the highlights will be Can I get over here? Yep. Don't forget. We got merch. I got it on right now. You feel me you get me Even if you don't purchase just click the link to check it out, man. I appreciate the eyes on it Don't forget. We do got a patreon. This is where things go that we can't watch on YouTube It's a more in-depth. It's a lot better shows. You feel me. Here's a list pause. Take a look think about it And we got a discord as well. This is the life story of Carl Pilkington The link to all of those are down below in the description.  I Don't think he's a lot of those first things.  Who's the real idiot? There we go. There we go All right Carl Pilkington was born on the 23rd of September 1972 in Manchester. Oh my god. That's my baby mama's birthday September 23rd Carl, why you do that to me? During this time the city was struggling to come to terms with economic hardship and decline with regeneration efforts failing Namely the racecourse housing estate which Carl grew up on which had been described as an island of deprivation in a sea of affluence In the 1960s when it was built it was supposed to be the jewel in the crown of Manchester's council estate program But by the 1970s it was neglected run-down and rife with crime Despite this bleak backdrop car would humorously recall the eccentric characters whom lived on this estate whilst he was growing up Actually now you brought weird people do a fella called shorts, man No, no what I like. Yeah, he did but they were they were really short they were that sort where you know It's almost pointless having a mom. What do you mean that we're just you know like shorts now for blokes to go to your knees Don't they there's no chance. There's no accident happening there There's nothing gonna pop out.  Yeah Yeah, I mean the shorts just because he was it was like it was like it was like playing booker who it was like When are they gonna pop out? This is from the Ricky Gervaisi show we did not see this episode. So what right, but the shorts man So he was an exhibitionist he liked bossy what people to see his veg. Yeah, and they were out more than the rain I mean the other time You see there was a woman on on the estate who did use up.  I'm gonna tell you ages ago.  She had a three-wheeler bike Penelope. Yeah, I'm a tricycle thing. Yeah, but a big one. She used to sit her husband in the basket in the back Cycled out. Yeah, she was known as Miss Piggy the way she used to communicate She's always going quick-saving Nick biscuits and if anyone went up to her to save something in the biscuits She'd pull out like a little mirror out of a bag and she'd look in it But talk to you via the mirror It is something right the estate that I grew up on there's a woman there. Yeah, scruffy Sandra One thing I noticed about the UK it's not just Karl Puginton. It's all y'all y'all are very like Minimal when it comes to like naming things like y'all food is like chips on like chip, buddy, literally Chips on buttered bread, you know, I'm saying like it be y'all be y'all simplify the hell out of stuff Brown sauce instead of HP House of Parliament soft red sauce instead of ketchup Yes beans on toast literally beans on toast like So the car doing this is not a surprise Yeah, it's like blunt. Yeah, there you go No, she had no chance even if she cleaned up her act. Yeah, she'd come in looking like pretty woman. You know, I scruffy What is the point? So the thing is she used to always get on these buses called dialer rides that were sort of like posh taxes You could call for one they come round to your house. Yeah, and it would pick you up and you'd pay like 50 pay But it would pick up a bunch of other people as well. Yeah. Yeah on the way So it would take ages to get to where you know, it's it's it's good though It's kind of a bit of a day out all people used to love it because you get to see things And you're there we got those all coming in on the radio that you know Scruffy Sandra's being picked up.  She knows she's stunk No, she won't own this. No, she used to just uh, she's sitting back from that. She's just stunk But the but the weird thing is what they call a stinky Sandra. She never Was ill. Yeah, right people didn't sit next to her. Yeah, because she stunk Yeah, now because of that anyone who might have had a bit of flu or a cold Never sat next to scruffy Sandra, right because she stunk But that's not protection thing for her because she knew that because she stunk No one wants to sit next to her. She wouldn't pick up the the journey Right, I can't remember the inner baby and I put that down to being boring Carl was the my daughter has is living the best life that she possibly can My daughter be turnt. So her baby in the baby is you know It's different youngest born of Dorothy and Alan having two siblings ten years his senior His upbringing was more that of an only child with a large age gap meaning he was never very close to his brother and sister Despite the family's lack of money His parents always did their best to provide a comfortable standard of living for the family with his dad working various odd jobs to make ends meet Carl's childhood was both humdrum and unusual his countless stories of his childhood Demonstrated that he was able to turn life's misfortunes into caricatures that provided a brief respite from his bleak surroundings Our kid used to take a horse into the house Sorry What do you mean a kid used to take a horse into the house when they get a horse must have nicked it from somewhere But it was a magpilot used to fly about on the estate and I managed to sort of tame it and In the end with a chair and a whip. What do you mean you tamed it? Well, just used to sort of hang around it and talk about how do you get hold of it Did you catch it? Well, eventually? Yeah, it used to just come to me and the annoying thing was it got to a point when I wish I hadn't mothered Because he used to pop me by tires He used to he used to sit and I'm like if it was talking to me mates and I was on my grifter It landed on me tire and he used to peck at the time pop So what is what was that a hummingbird or something a woodpecker? See, I don't like birds They seem conniving like that, you know, the late 70s the UK was in the grips of the winter of discontent Heavy snowfall coupled with widespread strikes by public and private sectors demanding a pay rise But it was also during this time which marked the start of a more personal. This is carl Period of discontent for Kyle, this is Matthew said I'd never be a high-flier For Carl his time at school was something called an endurance test despite an earnest Stop Oh, man, that is funny No, they didn't do bro like that That's not real Tempt to pay attention and learn the tedium of it all proved too much with little interest in the talk curriculum Carl was often absent going off on holiday to Wales with his mum during the school term Yeah, I think I didn't go to school much because me mum and dad had a caravan Right, no need is there no need when you've got that sort of fun at home Yeah, I used to just go away for weeks. Really? Is that true? Yeah, honestly, where's used to go? Port Maddock And um, so you didn't go to school much. No, I did but not as much as everyone else in 1988 Carl opted to leave school early in search of employment Why do you got on with no teeth? He was eager to get on with earning a living and despite being young Carl had an old head on his shoulders and a clear idea of what he needed to make it in life He started work as a cassette and disc printer for a youth training scheme In 1989 it was Carl's father who inadvertently provided an opportunity for Carl to get a start in radio After his dad was ill and had to go through a procedure in hospital Carl was inspired to pursue a job in broadcasting on the hospital's radio station When when he man was seeing me dad in the hospital, I got a bit bored Went for a wander found the hospital radio station And got a gig it was a move that he had not previously contemplated and yet it seemed strangely appropriate A fortuitous moment that would spark the beginning of a successful career Afterwards Carl managed to get a job at Manchester's Piccadilly radio station hosting a 2 a.m to 6 a.m show I work somewhere once right just go on go on that was sort of run by gay people I've got nothing against any nice nice fellas and stuff. Yeah, but me mate This is We're there for a little bit longer than I did What happened to you to engage? Oh my god?  He was straight behind you. I told you before he didn't turn me gay It's still it's still I think it's a like a day. No. No. No. He sort of got into their lifestyle and I'm into this So it cannot be a lifestyle. Oh, it's outrageous. This is like You can't can you say where you were to one xfm was it? It's not xfm. It's another radio station Right, okay, so you worked at another radio station.  All right, this is this is how bad it got that right. It's called out. This doesn't get Just say it. Don't worry about it. The station's called Piccadilly Listen it got nicknamed pick a willy It was also here Hey No way Where Carl met his life partner Suzanne Winston. How did you meet Suzanne? uh, that was when uh I was working with her And uh, she gave me 20p for the hot chocolate machine She never asked for it back. I thought she's all right I remember that story in the mid 1990s Carl was presented with an offer to take up a position as producer on the up and coming radio station xfm in london Best move he ever did Carl so much yet so little and he knew he had to leave his beloved hometown to further his career That's how I be man.  I mean don't let the love of your city stop your blessings God move around man It's other things out there for you Don't catch your blessing somewhere else Little did he know this move would shape his future and open so many fascinating doors Carl's time at xfm began with mundane tasks of monitoring sound levels and editing adverts Then in august 2001 his life would begin to change as he was given the job of producer to newly returning presenters Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant Ricky and Steve had presented a regular show together for xfm from 1998 before their collaboration on the television sitcom The office had started following the completion of the first series. They returned Why does this make steve look so short steve is like six eight, ain't he? Presented a regular show together. So it started Following the completion of the first series. They returned to work at xfm Xfm 104.9 daddy warhols by he me and like he was the Ricky Gervais show with Steve Merchant Yeah, exactly and Carl who turned our microphones on After a period of working with Carl Ricky quickly noticed something special about Carl's natural wit and affectionately dry delivery It became clear to Ricky that Carl had something unique to offer And so naturally he brought him on the air more often allowing him to share his unique and humorous views with the listeners With Carl soon becoming an unofficial third presenter one of his mates He's not a chimp What do you mean one of his mates used to have a chimp or two of his mates Oh, sorry. Yeah, I was I was I was thinking it sounds a bit farthetched living Manchester like but if there was two of them He had a chimp. Um, I had to thump it in the head We're doing what answering back Steve got one of them. I mean Ricky got one of the most contagious laughs Known to mankind. It's so egregious I don't even know if that's the right word to say but it feel right Oh god tried it on with his wife But I was on the train right uh coming from Manchester back to London, right? Yeah, and uh Got on it. It was like a Friday night And it was heaving, you know, like the the last train isn't all that and um Absolutely chocker. Yeah, so I'm walking through the carriages. I'm thinking, oh, is he any seats anyway? Anyway, everyone's like it's it's heaving, right? It's people stood up in the doorways You can't get in the toilet and all that there's not going to be any chair knocking about and there's walking through And anyway, I see this one empty chair sort of in front of me, right?  Right? I'll just rush to that get to that.  Let's get our composure because this is okay with little fella there, right little Well down syndrome kid, right sat there and uh He goes, all right. I thought oh Right, not not bad, but do you not think they're always talking aren't you? Right, so I was like, oh here we go two and a half hours and I couldn't get up because the thing is that's obvious Sure, right, so that's that's like mean. I don't I'd never want to be mean. Do you know what I mean? In blue day So, um, so anyway, so I think I know I'll go to sleep clever Right, so shut my eyes and he leaves me alone So, uh, so then the phone goes and I think right, what do we do? Or do we open my eyes and see what it is? Anyway, open the eyes. It's Ricky calling Without nothing probably actually So anyway, I'm awake now.  I was dropping my daughter off this morning literally this morning. We on the bus We're on the 93 bus we sit behind this lady She was decent. She was looking good. She was all of my daughter facing I'm like, hey, did you want to step mom application or not? Um, anyway, so she was sitting next to this dude And he was like joining into the conversation and I was looking at him like Because I like I could peek I could feel something in the air, you know what I'm saying Now he like he he was a little What's the politically correct word? He was um Not up to par mentally Is that what he I don't know the word I'm trying to look for He was a little slo. Yeah, he was slower than normal And he kept looking back and I'm like, uh, whatever cool, you know You know what I'm saying So I get off the bus. She take a picture with my daughter. I'm like cool You know what I'm saying? So when I see you next time, you know, I'm saying exchange a little digits or whatever My daughter speaks Spanish. So we gonna get it done. Um So I walk and I walk to the train because I have to take the train like one stop So so I go on the train stop and he all the way at the end and I sit in my normal little spot And I see him I peep I'm looking at my daughter because you know, I don't like to be talked to Do not like to be talked to in the morning by anyone So I'm looking at my daughter And she's looking at um the phone. She's watching I don't know miss rachel or something And he I could see him out the peripheral my vision walking up slowly and I'm like And I had this same conundrum that carl had like should I Like what should I act like I'm watching a thing with my daughter and like start talking to my daughter or should I acknowledge, bro And I'm like, I don't want to be an a-hole. So he he's he come up he say He I guess I look at him and he waved to my daughter and she looked at She looked out of like how I'm looking at him like Yes She looked out of a deal look right down at her phone. I'm like, damn. I wish I could do that But I'm like, no, she's just she she's just into her show right now He's like, yeah, you remember me from the bus. I'm like Yep show do That's cool, you know what I'm saying And then he like, uh, yeah just going to work and I'm like For show. Yeah, this is Miami. He's like just going to work and I'm like, yeah, we're going to school I'm taking her to school and then he just stand there and I just I slowly you know, I'm saying Look down at my daughter and look at the phone with her And he stands there literally until the train comes and then I get in it in a different door Because I didn't want to be rude or anything because I don't I don't want to fake the funk But the point is like I just literally went through the same thing almost And my daughter got away, but I couldn't You know Slice over the next four years The genuine approach made a refreshing change from the typical phony manner of a radio host It provided a chance to hear people openly discuss their thoughts and opinions in a relaxed atmosphere without any fear of offending anyone's sensibilities The 92 episodes survived due to the fanaticism of the fan base with the bootleg recordings compiled on youtube gathering thousands of views Appearing more popular than ever over 20 years since their first broadcast The last xfm show with the trio was broadcast in 2005 with work schedules becoming too hectic to keep up with a regular radio show As Carl Stahl began to rise after his much acclaimed success on the radio closer to home His older brother mark was struggling in an almost tragic comic contrast between the two siblings His brother became the focal points of a documentary exploring the hardships of finding employment Right well the bottom line is I watched this I need to know where you are at all times Same as I do with everyone in here and you have to conform. I'll just take you off the program It's as simple as that.  You know where you stand and you now know where I stand Okay, right. You should have been job searching like the people who read the newspapers were job searching in the newspapers A3 cannot help you and job center cannot help you if you don't put the effort in Need I say any more on the subject? No, that's it understood. Right.  Mark has had to go That's a good cat to the job center to restart his benefit claim He's been given no assurance of how long it will take for his money to come through It should soon round it goes. You've got to phone that.  I'm coming in here pissed off in helping out is it? I'm not pissed up Debbie What about coming in here and speaking the truth? See now she's fell out of me These are I'm not working and everything's gone tits.   All right, pretty man Carl has never publicly commented on his brother's death Rick in steve would return from filming extras and managed to convince her a locked in car to start a podcast in the same vein as the xfm shows It was this bloke who was a builder. Oh, yeah And uh, you know what builders are like you sort of move about don't you from from sort of building to building just building Well, yeah, well, once they built the building start and they move on to build some more Yeah, so he goes to his next job and that right who does the builder the builder Yep, he goes to like the boss the boss of this building who's building it? Okay, yeah And he says what done to him. Do you need anything building? Okay At this time podcasts were in their infancy the ricky javay show was consistently ranked number one in the world Appearing in the 2006 edition of guinness world records as the most downloaded podcast. Damn. Hey ricky was ahead of his time He was a genius at this. I didn't know he I didn't know that Carl's career continued on the ascendancy writing several books of his unique musings That's really what it'd be taken though man All you need is one person to believe in you and see something in you It take you on a journey and then it's up like look at ricky and car like it was up from there Of course like carl's path And the choices he made led him there But like he's seen something in him and he took it under his wing and blew him up At this time during interviews ricky would always tout carl's the funniest man He'd ever met and admitted it was his ambition to ensure carl's success by creating opportunities for him to be seen by larger audiences Inspired by fan animations on youtube ricky then took the idea of the animated conversations to television Launching on hbo and channel 4 in 2010 Does any if anybody watching this do y'all know what episode of this we ended on? Because we need to pick it back up.  This is one of the best things I ever watched man. Yeah, I used to love when I watched this Blunt and humorous reactions to cultural differences This cat's cross-eyed never seen that before Carl's first proper acting part came in the comedy drama derrick written and starring ricky as a 50-year-old man with learning difficulties derrick nokes A care worker at broad hill a home for the elderly carl would play dougie the home's caretaker In 2018 derrick, I never heard of that Carl was offered the chance to write his own sitcom for sky one Sikavit is a comedy drama where carl stars as both lead characters playing his namesake carl And the voice inside his head that takes the form of his doppelganger At 50 years old carl's career shows no signs of slowing down He's now a million miles away from the bleak council estate in manchester What do you imagine he thinks about when he's looking out from his seaside mansion into the horizon? This is matthew said I'd never be a high fire How wrong was she? I think we should call Mrs. Matthews and make her eat her words Oh, that's it Yeah, it was okay. It was a decent. It was okay. It could be better Well, a lot of it was just feeling from the ricky derivation show, but you know salute t l l Leave a like comment subscribe turn your post. I'm gone


Today I'm sharing with you 10 of the best desserts that I have ever made. And I'm gonna be honest, most of my treats consist of chocolate chips that are secretly eaten in the pantry when my kids aren't around. That's like my safe area. So I'm curious, what is your choice of treat? Is it chocolate? Is it peanut butter? Is it something like sour minus chocolate? But I would love to hear yours. Now when it comes to food, I get it, you can be a little picky. But when it comes to dessert, man, I'm not picky at all.  So that is why I'm going to share with you my 10 best desserts. I hope you guys love them. The first one I'm making is my mom's no bake cookies. You're first going to start by adding two tablespoons of butter. You're going to melt that over medium-high heat on your stove top. Then you're going to add a half a cup of milk and then two cups of sugar and just dump that right in. Now we're going to mix this all together just so it doesn't burn on the bottom of your pan. Next add two tablespoons of cocoa powder and then you're going to add just a little bit of vanilla. So about a half a teaspoon to a teaspoon of vanilla. A little bit of salt and then go ahead and mix that all together. Now once that starts to boil go ahead and pull it off the stove top and you're going to add three fourths cup of peanut butter. You can add creamy or chunky whatever you prefer and then mix that in until everything is nice and smooth. Next add two cups of instant oatmeal or quick oats while your chocolate is still hot because we want to be able to mix that really well together. Once that starts to dry it's going to start to harden up so we want to do it while it's hot. Now I love using cookie scoops when I scoop out these cookies because then I don't have to burn my fingers and they're all nice and even and proportional and you give what I'm saying. I like to scoop them out on foil so the cleanup is nice and easy and then you just let them dry. Once they're dry they harden and they are absolutely delicious. Next up is our no-bake eclair cake. So we have three and a half cups of milk that we already poured in just to make our lives a little easier. Next we're going to add like it's a 3.4 ounce of the French vanilla Jello. So we're going to put it in it's like the instant pudding. You want to pour that one in for me? Okay. So we're going to mix these in first then we're just going to mix it up real quick. All right so once this is mixed we're going to put it in the fridge for a few minutes let it set up because we're really making like the pudding out of it. So our pudding is all nice and stiff and so we're ready to put in the cool up. Do you want to put that in and I will mix it with a beater? Okay size is this eight ounce container of cool up. Nice and you can get the light you can get any kind it will still work and taste good so it can't go wrong. Pudding, cool whip. I think cool up might be one of my most favorite foods. All right so once it's all done it will be a little bit runny. I mean it's still thick but it will thicken up as you put it in the fridge or freezer depending on how far you need it. This is part of the eclair cake is graham crackers and this and that's about it. So I was surprised when I found out that it was a graham cracker right because something happens like the consistency or something changes when you yeah and it really makes it it just has a different flavor to it so. It's a two-man job. Actually we're gonna do it so you can see. Okay here we go. Sure that's half right close enough. Smells like childhood. It does smell like food. These are most recipes we make on here smells like childhood. Summer and childhood. Our mom was a good cook and you really won't be able to tell where the breaks are on this recipe because and so then we'll just do one more layer of the graham crackers that will be the top. Okay so after all the graham crackers are on you put on your favorite frosting. Now this is my mom's homemade chocolate frosting and it's amazing. I'm not going to show you how I make it but I'll put a link in the description for you so you can find it there. Or if you don't like to make frosting if you want to make this recipe really easy you can just grab a can of chocolate frosting and just carefully spread it on and it will taste delicious. I'm gonna spread it around now there are some parts where there's no graham cracker you're just going to put the frosting right over it like there is a graham cracker and it will be just fine. Kids are just gonna tear through this. Exactly they're just gonna eat it. All right so let's stick this in the fridge for about an hour or so. Number three is our mini Oreo cheesecake. So we've got two eight ounce blocks of cream cheese that have been softened. You'll want these to be softened because you're going to beat them and it's going to be a lot easier if they're not cold and right out of the fridge. So just blend it until it starts getting fluffy. You'll keep mixing it in a minute and then you're going to add two and a half cups of powdered sugar and this whole recipe calls for one package of Oreos but you're going to set 12 aside to go in the bottoms of the cheesecake. And then you're going to turn the rest into just Oreo cookie crumbs. So we took the cream out and just did it into the crumbs perfect. And then we reserve some of the crumbs to put on top. Yep so it really is just a few ingredients but you kind of separate a little bit as you go. Perfect. So that's it for the cream cheese filling. It's all mixed together so now I think we're ready to assemble the cheesecake. Okay so it's just a whole Oreo right? Yep. Okay now the Oreo doesn't fit exactly in the bottom but that's okay because it's just going to freeze over and yeah. Yeah it really won't make that big of a difference. Okay so now you can use a spoon and do this but we're going to just use cookie scoop because then they'll all be even and it will make our lives a whole lot easier instead of like using your finger to get it out. And then it doesn't get on the edge too. You don't have to clean it up. Okay so after she puts the filling in I'm just going to spread it around to try and fill up that cup and it's okay if it's not perfect but it will go a little bit over the top so just kind of press it down in the middle. So it covers the whole Oreo in the base. So my husband loves this recipe and he thinks that it's like a lot of hard work to make this recipe when you're actually a cheesecake. Right? Like it's like three ingredients. Yeah that's all. That's my kind of cheesecake. Exactly because real cheesecake I don't have the patience to be dealing with. It's it's a lot. I know it's a lot. And this is good for summertime too for it you just stick it in the freezer instead of having to wait for it to cook for an hour however long. Exactly. Cheesecake takes quick and easy. Cool. Perfect. All right well she's finishing up there. I'm going to take these lovely Oreo crumbs and just kind of sprinkle them on top of each one just to make them a little fancier. I mean you don't have to do the step but. Yeah plus it covers up if you weren't very good at spreading like I was. You're great. A little garnish. A little garnish. There we go it's for the garnish. So after you've got all the extra Oreo cookie crumbs on top we're just going to put them in the freezer probably for about an hour till they set up. Okay and they're solid. Good to go. Perfect. Oh I'm excited. Number four is our s'mores bark. This one is so good. So first we're going to take just a bag of chocolate chips. You can use any brand we like to use Hershey's brand just it's one of my favorites. I feel like it melts well too. Yeah and if you like dark chocolate you can make this with dark but I like milk chocolate. All right so we're going to stick this in the microwave and go about every 30 seconds we're going to stir until it's completely melted. Okay so everything's all melted ready to go. Now I put some parchment paper down. I've also done wax paper. You can do foil paper maybe spray it. Now you can make this as thick or thin as you want. You can add more chocolate chips but we're just doing the two cups today. Spread this thin. I like it thin because it's more of a bark. Yeah. Okay you're going to add the next stuff. Okay so we're just topping it with graham crackers that have been broken up in the chocolate. Okay. Yes. All right while you do that I'll do some marshmallows. Kind of just do it in your cracks. Part about fire. It is. Your hair absorbs all the smell. It is. So now that we've got most of it I'm just going to go and just like pat everything down just so it won't fall apart as you're breaking apart your bark. So to finish off the s'mores bark we just need some marshmallow cream. Just use about half this container and you're going to soften it in the microwave until it is runny enough that you can kind of drizzle it on top as a garnish. So this was 20 seconds in the microwave. You can see it's a little puffy. Now it's it's a little hard to drizzle but it'll come so like yeah I kind of just did that and then it doesn't have to be pretty because it's bark it doesn't matter so and that's that's literally all there is to it. So we're going to stick this in the freezer. It works better in the freezer because it hardens a lot faster because if it's kind of warm in your house the chocolate will get a little soft. So I would suggest keeping it in your freezer before you're ready to serve it. All right stick it in. Okay okay so we took our s'mores bark out of the freezer broke it up into pieces you can see they're not uniform they don't have to be perfect. Number five is Reese's Fudge. Now if you love Reese's you're gonna love this one. So you're gonna take a nine by nine square pan line it with foil and then spray it with non-cooks cooking spray then you're gonna take your Reese's. I had a very good helper helping me today. We're gonna do 16 on the bottom of the pan. Next you're gonna take three cups of chocolate chips and then just dump them into a microwave safe bowl. Now you could do this on the stove top also but I love using the microwave. Then you're gonna take one can of sweetened condensed milk and just pour it in over your chocolate chips. And I like to microwave in 30 second increments and then stir in between each 30 seconds. Then stick it right back in the microwave. Now once everything is melted it's starting to get a little bit thick. This is how we like it so now it's time to put it onto your Reese's. We're making the rest of the fudge. Go ahead and pour it on very gently. The Reese's might come up a little bit as you're spreading so just try and hold them down as you spread. Now it's time for the topping and of course it needs to be Reese's. So I started out with 22 Reese's. I put 16 on the bottom and the rest I am just crumbling up and I'm pressing down into the fudge so when it cools and hardens the Reese's will be stuck in there. Now I let this sit in the fridge for about an hour and a half and it is hardened and ready to go. So I carefully pull away my foil and then you can cut right into it. Now I love this fudge because you don't need a candy thermometer and it actually keeps its shape pretty well. I also love that you can see the Reese's on the bottom and on the top. Now whenever I make this fudge it is gone instantly. Number six if you're looking for something a little bit healthier this is my favorite cookie. These are skinny banana cookies. So I have two bananas here that I'm just smashing with a fork. You can use a blender or a beater's tube whatever makes it easiest for you. Now once it is nice and soft you're going to add one cup of old fashioned oats into the mixture. Then you're going to add about a fourth a cup of semi-sweet chocolate chips or milk chocolate chips whatever one you choose. Then you're going to mix it well. It's going to take a minute to get everything wet but just give it some time. Again I'm using my cookie scoop because I love using it. They're all uniform and they all cook the same. So that's why I love using a cookie scoop. Now you're going to cook this at 350 degrees for about 12 to 15 minutes until they harden up and they are cute little banana cookies. Number seven is one of my favorite no-bake treats. It's caramel pecan turtle pumpkin pie. This is a game changer. Now on the bottom of our graham cracker crust we're going to add about a third cup of caramel. Can you see that? Yeah. And we're actually just going to pour it all over pretty much until it is covered. Then I kind of just spread it around a little bit. Guys that's going to be amazing. Oh I'm excited. Next I'm going to take a half cup of pecans. Now it says chopped. These are still some bigger chunks because I like it that way on my turtle pie. So you're just going to spread these into your caramel or caramel or whatever you want to call it. Don't judge me just know that's what it is. It still tastes the same. Next we're going to add two packages of vanilla pudding mix. So these are 3.4 ounces so you're going to add two of these. They'll be just over like 6.8 ounces. Then you're going to add one cup of milk to the pudding. Then just go ahead mix this all together. It's going to be thick that's how we want it. Then you're just going to add one cup of pumpkin puree and we're just going to mix this all together. Okay this is pretty mixed. Now we're just going to add about one teaspoon of cinnamon and a half teaspoon of nutmeg. I'm just going to add some flavor to this. Mix it all together.  Now the caramel is really loose and soft. So you kind of want to do it in chunks. So it will be easier to spread. All right then we're going to put about a cup and a half or so of cool whip on or whipped cream whatever you like. I love cool whip. That's my favorite thing. You're just going to gently spread this all over the top. All right so then we're just going to put this little lid on. Then we're going to refrigerate it for two hours. We want everything to just combine together. All right let's cut into this. Oh man I'm so excited. Oh that thing is thick. Number eight is our caramel marshmallow rice crispy balls. And we made these all together as sisters. For this recipe you'll need a bag of big marshmallows. And I'm talking the big kind. You'll need 14 ounces or just one bag of caramels that you have unwrapped the caramels. Please don't cook these with the plastic on. Next you'll need one can of sweetened condensed milk. This is 14 ounces. Then you'll need five to seven cups of rice crispy cereal. Two tablespoons of butter. And my secret for this recipe is bamboo skewers. All right Camille is going to make this recipe for us today. Nope okay so I've got a little saucepan and I'm going to add some butter. It's pretty warm you want this to be on low. Caramels are pretty finicky. And you don't want them to burn so keep it on low heat. And then we're going to add a whole can sweetened condensed milk. Then just mix it all together. You're not going to want to keep an eye on this because it will start to burn quickly. Okay Lauren is now in training places with Camille. She took over the caramels job. Yes we are almost there. We're just waiting for the last few caramels to melt and then we're good to go. It took how many minutes so so do you think it took to? Probably like six or seven minutes until it was all melted together. We kept it over pretty low heat when it burned. Looks good. All right should we skewer the marshmallows? Yes let's do it. All right time to skewer. So we have our little skewers. How little marshmallows Laurie are you going to help me? Yes let's do this. All right ladies let's see it done. Okay all right go ahead Mel. We're going full dunk. Dip your middle little and then into just the plain rice crispy. Nope more of the barrier. Just going to let it rest. Yep now when you serve these you're going to take the skewer out but right now we are using the skewer because it makes it a lot easier to dip. This is like the tip that Disneyland uses right? Yeah skewers. Number nine is our three ingredient pumpkin cookies. I make these when I need to treat very fast. First we're going to add about 15 ounces so about a half a can of this big one. This is 30 ounces of pumpkin puree. Not pumpkin by mix pumpkin puree. Then you're going to add one package of spice cake mix and then just a cup of chocolate chips. I like to use milk chocolate chips but you can use whatever kind you like and I am eyeballing so probably doing more than a cup because really you could always have more chocolate chips. Scoop it with a spoon and then just kind of put on a blob just like that. It will work either way but I love the cookie scoop because I don't have to touch anything. Super easy. So usually if I'm giving the cookies away my secret is I'll put a few chocolate chips just on top to make it look you know like there's tons in there and it just makes them look better. We're going to bake these at 350 degrees for about eight minutes. And number 10 my most favorite one that I could eat literally every week is lunch lady peanut butter bars. Now if you love these desserts I have more for you. These are my three ingredient desserts right there. All right guys I'll see you next time.


Okay, I have to remind myself don't say good morning, it's good afternoon, but good morning to people in Hawaii who are tuning in. I'm so glad to be here today to get to talk to you about money. My husband said he's tended every Mises University since 88. My first one was in 92 and I have not been to every single one since then. Sometimes I had babies and things like that but I've been to a lot of them and it's the best week of the whole entire year. Christmas is nothing compared to this. So anyway I'm so glad to be here with you and just excited for y'all to get to experience this. So we have the topic of money on our first day because for Austrian economics money is really a central theme. We have analysis is done in money prices. Calculation is only possible with money prices and we can even say as Dr. Rittenauer was talking, civilization can develop. We can have division of labor in exchange and it's going to be facilitated greatly by money money prices. So some of our great contributions have been the Austrian school have been in money. Carl Minger is great on the origins of money in 1892. 20 years later Mises had his first book. He expanded Minger's approach. They developed their regression theorem in theory of money and credit and then of course also we have Rothbard. What has government done to our money and others and my favorite I put on here is the mystery of banking. So if not for the Austrians we may still have the state theory of money where money is whatever the state says it is. It's just by their sovereign decree that this is going to be money. So that's why we need to talk about money on the first day at the beginning of the week here. So who needs money? Robinson Crusoe would have no need for money. He can't eat gold coins. There's no if he's on the island by himself there wouldn't be if you had gold coins or wouldn't be a shopping mall where he can go and spend the gold coins. He has really no need for money. Even when he meets Friday his friend on the island there's really no need for money. They can just exchange fish and berries based on subjective valuations of the fish and berries. But when society begins to expand beyond just a few families the stage is set for the emergence of money. Money can come about. So from Sean Rittenauer's lecture that just finished we learned that voluntary exchange occurs because both parties expect to benefit. Both parties expect to be better off and we have specialization in exchange. People are producing goods not just for their own consumption but also for exchange. We develop our best skill to become more proficient and more efficient. And so through that as Dr. Rittenauer explained we have higher standards of living as opposed to being self-sufficient when we can get things through exchange under being under self-sufficiency. Most of us we can imagine we would be nearly starving right if we had to produce everything we're going to consume. But when we have exchange direct exchange of goods for goods or what we call barter it's hardly better than remaining self-sufficient. There are a lot of problems with barter. There are two big ones that I want to talk about. Oh I did get it into the wrong slide. I'm sorry y'all. Limitations of barter I want to talk about is the indivisibilities of goods and the double coincidence of wants requirement. So we can imagine how difficult barter would be. We'll just have a little thought experiment like Barney. It's fun to use your imagination. We'll be pretending to impose a barter requirement in the world of Facebook marketplace. Have you all used Facebook marketplace and sold things in these kinds of communities. So I am into gardening. I enjoy gardening and I just recently created this huge flower bed so big that I immediately regretted my decision to do so. But anyway I was looking on Facebook marketplace for stuff to fill it. Okay I was looking on Facebook marketplace for stuff to fill my flower bed. What I had in mind when I went on Facebook marketplace I was looking for plants. Okay but then on Facebook marketplace I came across this yummy little treasure. This guy here dinosaur eating gnomes. So of course I had to have it. Of course I had to have it. So in this world if we have only barters allowed on Facebook marketplace in our imaginary world then the seller says the only thing that I want is I'm looking for a used Papa's on chair. Well I'm in luck. Good thing I have the used Papa's on chair. You can notice the seller there and underneath you might notice that it highly rated on marketplace seller. Just a little another feather macabre. Okay but what if okay so if this is we can agree we can say she has the great dinosaur gnome eating yard art and I have the used Papa's on chair the exchange can be done great. Okay but what if we have the case where the Papa's on chair is much more valuable than the much more valuable exchange than the yard art. Okay maybe even 10 times more valuable. Now what are we gonna do?  So indivisibility of many goods is going to be a hindrance to trade under barter. Okay even when the goods are divisible though into smaller units it's very difficult for traders to find each other under barter because in barter a double coincidence of wants is required. I have to have what you want and you have to want what I have. Okay and I have to want what you have. Okay so if I have this used Papa's on chair to sell and you have this really great yard art how are we gonna get together if what I really wanted was a rose bush. Right so now trade is not gonna take place if we don't have this double coincidence of wants. Hitting a little bit closer to home for a lot of us in this room. Think of an economics professor to eat the economics professor has to find someone who wants a chef who wants to prepare a meal and exchange for economics lectures. This is we're gonna all be pretty hungry and in fact y'all I cannot believe that I was able to get this but I have an actual photo that I can share with you today of some of our Mises you faculty here this week but this was when they were living under a barter economy. Here they are there's Salerno Gordon and Klein and they were they were pretty hungry so anyway so another problem under barter is because every good trades against every other good and barter for just trading goods for goods then each good has a whole array of prices in a barter economy with only a thousand goods there would be 499,500 prices so if we just imagine a Walmart I look this up Walmart a typical Walmart store carries over 120,000 goods 120,000 goods so an outrageous number of prices would be required for each good to be denominated in the prices of every other good without money so Mises said money becomes more necessary as division of labor increases and wants to become more refined as we're looking for things that are you know as the division of labor expands and increases and goes forward and we're looking for a particular kind of light bulb right we're looking for the kind of light bulb that goes in the microwave you don't even think about that light bulb you just when it's on when the microwave is going the lights on we're looking for one of those it's gonna be even more important to have it's gonna be even more important to have money okay so under from looking at just these examples we can see how without money under barter we're not going to have a very developed advanced economy it's just not going to be possible under direct exchange or barter but under indirect exchange you sell your good or your labor or some service you sell that not for the good that you want directly but you sell it for another good that you can then in turn go and trade it for something that you do want so at first you think gosh this just seems like this is an adding an extra step this is making it kind of clunky why don't if I want a rose bush why don't I just take my papa's on chair and go get some rose bushes I've now to take my papa's on chair and get something else and then go trade that for the rose bush it seems like it's clumsy but this is actually a very huge step for just the development of civilization that we can have money I mean when we have money that'll allow us to facilitate these exchanges more easily so under barter you can imagine how are we gonna get from barter to money we can imagine there is a degree of salibility of goods goods have a different degree of salibility some of them are more salable than others in terms of being able to find trading partners for these for the goods that you have the more salable good the more easily it's gonna be for you as the owner of that good to find a buyer for it at the particular price so somebody selling potatoes is probably gonna have an easier time finding buyers than I will with my papa's on chair I'll have a more difficult time finding trading partners of course it's not impossible because I could always just be willing to accept a much lower price right I could get except something much lower in value than what I think my papa's on chair is so the owners of the goods like me with a papa's on chair and other less salable goods we would begin to exchange our products for the goods that's not exactly what we're looking for it's not what we're wanting but we will accept another good as long as the good we're accepting is more salable than the one we gave up then now we're closer and closer to getting the goods that we do want minger argued that over time the most salable goods would be desired more and more by traders because of this advantage it gives them in getting the goods that they do want okay the demand for this very salable good the demand for this very salable good changes then so it's not only demanded for its use value you know these goods that become that eventually become money they had some use value but now the demand for it changes it's not just the value in use but also the value that it has in exchange because of its very salable nature so the choice of a good or goods as a medium of exchange is a gradual self-reinforcing process and as more people accept the more salable good the commodity then becomes even more marketable okay so what makes a good what makes a good more likely to become a medium of exchange well first of all from the Papa's on chair we know that we want it to be easily divisible into smaller units without losing value okay we also want it to be durable where it lasts and holds up over long periods of time without breaking down while it changes hands frequently we want it to be easily transportable we want to have a high value to weight ratio so this is why we wouldn't expect to have you know iron or something like that as money also fungible we want it to be where one unit of money is just the same as are basically equivalent as any other unit we also want it to be scarce so eventually one or two commodities are used as a generally accepted medium of exchange and that is generally accepted by that of course generally accepted there is some room for interpretation but by that what we mean is that in almost all exchanges or the overwhelming majority most exchanges this medium of exchange is used then we'll say it's this good or this commodity is money okay so historically we have these examples of other things that have served as money through history beads wheat shells nails but through the centuries we've seen throughout history two commodities gold and silver have displaced most headaches displaced these other commodities and have been the generally accepted medium of exchange hey some critics will make fun of us and criticize their critics they criticize us for this Austrians for this they say oh you're just a bunch of gold bugs and they make fun of us like they think we just like it because it's shiny and it's pretty and we have some kind of obsession like this guy this guy here says I love gold I like to taste the smell to feel of it okay no that's really not it at all gold just happens to be the commodity that the market has chosen most often and we'd be just as happy with some other commodity if the market had chosen that instead Carl Minger pointed out it's not necessary even conceivable for money to be established by some authoritarian decree or even by some explicit contract among the citizens in fact there's no historical record of money ever arising in that way it just cannot be found in history the more plausible explanation is that money originates spontaneously because there is an immediate and obvious benefit to those who are trading under barter to reckon they recognize I am better off if I'll accept this more saleable good and so it's more plausible that money has come to be in that way so it's hard to imagine anybody really conceiving of money to have some king say oh we've got people running around trying to find traders under barter and I think it would be better if we had money I mean it's not really conceivable that somebody would come up with that absent really experiencing themselves so Minger quotes that he says hence it's also clear that nothing may have been so favorable to the genesis or the origin of a medium of exchange as the acceptance on the part of the most discerning and capable capable economic subjects for their own economic gain and over a considerable period of time of imminently saleable goods and preference to all others okay money is unlikely to originate in any other way because also another reason because embedded in the demand for money is the knowledge of the past prices that this good was it was in exchange for barter right and we had an idea of what it would exchange for then so now as it becomes money we already have this knowledge of the past prices so unlike consumption goods there must be this pre-existing price for us to be able to have some ground to base our demand for it Mises regression theorem explains that can only happen by beginning with a subjectively useful commodity under barter then we add this demand this other dimension of the demand to it for the medium of exchange and we have of course the previous demand just for the use value of it okay so how do we transition from gold being a medium of exchange to having paper money now well paper doesn't have very much intrinsic value right all the time when we're cleaning up our house we see or we get go to the mailbox we're just throwing away paper like it's nothing right so paper doesn't have intrinsic value and people wouldn't we wouldn't expect people to be willing to surrender real goods that we have worked or to get or even our labor we wouldn't be willing to trade that for paper also you've probably noticed that gold is heavier than paper right and it's dangerous to carry it around you get hitting the head somebody takes your gold it's gone right so people would put their gold into secure warehouses and they would get when you leave your gold there you would get a paper claim for it so you have this paper claim that I have this many ounces of gold stored in XYZ warehouse okay so then to make a purchase I could either take my receipt my paper claim down to the warehouse and get the gold and move it to the seller of whatever good it is I want to buy or for my convenience and let's face it I'm a little bit lazy for my convenience I would rather just take my paper claim to the seller and say here I'm just gonna sign my name over pay to the order of John Doe you know Sandy Klein here's my signature and now you have a paper claim and now you can get my gold and go use that to for your purchases okay but eventually the paper claims because people found that it was safe and secure and easy for them to leave the gold in the warehouse then the paper claims became used as a medium of exchange okay so now that's how we've gone from barter to commodity money now to paper currency and we're this far in the lecture and some of you are thinking she hasn't mentioned cryptocurrency yet didn't not didn't know Salvador just say that people can pay their taxes and Bitcoin why is she talking about that okay yes you're right cryptocurrency is being used with a lot more frequency now and that's very encouraging that's very exciting but we still can't say that it fits the definition of money right it's not a generally accepted medium of exchange yet although we are definitely moving more and more in the direction of of it becoming that and I see people shifting in comfortably in their chairs like oh I can't wait to get this woman after her lecture I'm happy to talk happy to talk about it after but for this purpose we're gonna say it's still it's still not a generally accepted medium of exchange okay all right so let's talk about the benefits of money now we're out of barter and we have money so the problems of barter are gone we don't have to worry about indivisibilities and we don't have to worry about double coincidence of wants we also have we have a reduction the number of prices every good is now priced in one thing in the money unit there's one price for each good we've also seen that without money there could be no specialization and so no advancement of the economy above a primitive level but with money we can have this elaborate structure of production can be established where land labor capital goods all of these inputs are now cooperating to advance production at in at each stage of production they're receiving payment and money okay also with money we can have rational economic calculation now businesses can tell they can perform the calculation am I earning a profit am I earning a loss on this because revenues and costs are both done in the same terms okay also without money with money people can compare the values of different goods so if you have a 24 inch iMac it costs one ounce of gold ounce of gold is now about $1,800 a new Nissan Leaf would cost about 21 ounces of gold so we can make this comparison and we can say that a leaf is worth about 21 of the iMacs okay most physical golds are sold in terms of weight like tons pounds grams ounces and the size of the unit that we choose or that is chosen for the currency ultimately makes no difference at all right because all units of weight are convertible into each other when we go to the doctor we stand on the scale and there's this really huge number and I'm freaking out then they tell me oh well that was not in pounds and I'm like thank God so anyway they there are other units of measurement and they can be easily converted one into another right so it really doesn't matter if we choose a pound which is 16 ounces and then or if we choose grams one ounce is 28.35 grams it really doesn't matter because they can be converted to converted easily so I can sell something for one ounce of gold in the US or I can sell it for 28.35 grams of gold in France it's identical same thing so this all seems obvious when we're saying it now you're looking at this you're saying okay she's kind of belaboring the point move on but people all the time forget this really simple truth and because of that there's a lot of confusion because people tend to think of the money as some abstract units of something right but even when we're on the gold standard people would think of money in terms like this and say American money was dollars and French money was Frank's and German money was Marx etc everybody had their own name for their currency but all of those were tied to gold they were names that were just given for some weight of gold because people got used to thinking of the currency as the name as a dollar or the mark or the Frank instead of some weight of a commodity it was easy then for countries to break that tie and just go off the gold standard so before it before the government had before government's fiat money the various names given for their currencies were just names for some defined weight of gold on the gold standard before 1933 people would say that the price of gold was they said this way fixed at $20 per ounce the correct way of looking at it would be to say the dollar was the name given for one twentieth of an ounce of gold that is a more clear straightforward way of thinking of it but because people were totally missing that that the monies were just named for units of weight it was misleading to talk about exchange rates and the dollar did not really or the pound sterling did not really change exchange for five ounce five dollar sorry the pound sterling did not really exchange for five dollars the dollar at that time was defined as one twentieth of a gold ounce and the pound sterling at that time was one fourth of a gold ounce therefore it was really one fourth of an ounce of gold exchanging for five twentieth of an ounce of gold and you remember reducing fractions stay in school learn your fractions so there's really one pound and five dollars is one fourth of an ounce versus five twentieth of an ounce okay so what about the specific value of money what exactly is the price of money what can money command in the market well let's start with something other than money let's think about my laptop so I have a used laptop and it wasn't the greatest to begin with but anyway my laptop if I took this to the market to Facebook marketplace and tried to sell it I could maybe get I imagine maybe a hundred fifty dollars for my so-so laptop so then we would say the purchasing power of my laptop is a hundred fifty dollars right hundred fifty dollars is what my laptop can command in money in the market or I could say that one dollar buys how much of my laptop one dollar buys one one hundred and fiftieth of my laptop so it's the same thing with money if I sell money what could I get in exchange well the laptop just traded for money but money trades for everything else so we need the till we need to list the possibilities of all things that a dollar trades for a dollar could be one fiftieth of my laptop it could be one pack of gum it could be one thirty thousandth of a car right so we have the purchasing power of money then it's this whole array of the quantities of all the other goods and services it commands in exchange the purchasing power of the dollar we think of it as being the inverse of the reciprocal of the overall price level of the level of prices we have for all the goods so what happens then if the overall price level in the economy doubles what happens to purchasing power of money then purchasing power of money then is cut in half when the prices have all doubled so the purchasing power of money can be thought of as the price of money where that price or value is determined by supply and demand just like supply and demand determines our value in exchange for other goods in the market so if any good if there is a increase in supply if there's an increase in supply of the money then the value in exchange is going to fall if there is a decrease in supply then we would expect that the value in exchange would rise as it becomes more scarce so if a demand if the demand for money decreases then its value in exchange falls and so when I say demand for money some of you may think what I would never have a decrease in demand for my I would never have a decrease in my demand for money right I always want more money more money right but by demand for money we don't mean how much money would be willing to receive as a gift we're talking about the amount of money we wish to hold in cash balances so keep that in mind when we go to this example later on about when we're increasing the money supply okay so what is the optimal supply of the optimal supply of money we always hear about the Federal Reserve increasing or tightening the money supply what should the money supply be what should the money supply be should we have more money in circulation or should we have less is there an optimal amount does the optimal amount ever change Rothbard point out this is a silly question what is the optimal amount of money to have because he says nobody's asking what's the optimal amount of money what is the optimal amount of pizzas to have in the economy what's the right number of pairs of tennis shoes to have if we were talking about consumer goods like pizzas like tennis shoes like the yard art of the Papa's on chair and increase in those kinds of consumer goods or even producer goods which are used up and worn out as we are consuming and using them in production though if we had an increase in those that would make us better off we would have some benefit to society for having more of those because more wants are being met we have more of our needs being met with we have an increase in production and consumption goods okay money is different though it's a medium of exchange money is not used up money is not destroyed it's just transferred from one cash balance it's transferred from one cash balance to another so that's why any amount of money any amount of money or money supply is going to be just as good as any other in performing this medium of exchange function right the purchasing power of money is just going to adjust the purchasing power of money is going to just permit all the exchanges to incur every exchange that people desire to make can be facilitated with any amount of money that we have a money supply of $20 billion is going to be able to finance the same number of transactions as $200 billion with the smaller money supply the price level will just be lower with the higher money supply a larger money supply the price level will just be higher okay so here's this example I wanted us to remember about our demand for money so we can see the effects of an increase in the money supply when we look at the Angel Gabriel model okay in this model we have a benevolent but really economically ignorant spirit Angel decides Angel Gabriel decides he wants to benefit all mankind by descending to earth one night and magically doubling everybody's cash balances while they sleep so we're sitting there thinking now we like this Gabriel this is a good guy but let's think about this what's happens when everybody wakes up the next day so everybody wakes up we finally have excess cash balances that's more than we demand to hold in cash balances at the prevailing current price level and so we rush out and spend our surplus okay what does that do well there's an increase in demand for goods what happens when there's an increase in demand for the goods the prices will the prices will rise when there's an increase in demand for goods and so we'll see that the increase in this in our cash balances has just ended up increasing the price level so society was no better off no additional human wants were satisfied because the supplies of all consumer and producer goods were not changed just our cash balances were changed right and so resources remain fixed we just now have doubled the money to pay for it at the double prices so no additional needs have been met so even though the angel doubled the number of monetary units that we had the real money supply that is what that money supply can actually buy money supply divided by the price level that's remained unchanged right we doubled the money that we had we've also doubled the prices and so the purchasing power that money's been cut in half but if we look a little bit more closely at what the angel did we see that some people actually did benefit at the expense of some other people even though we all had the same proportional increase our cash balance is all doubled we still see that some benefit at the expense of others so the early birds the people I call the freaks they woke up early and they rushed out these impulsive weirdos rushed out and they spent all their money before the prices rose right so they had double the money and they rolled by at yesterday's prices right so they really gained in real income but what about the rest of us who slept in a little bit we slept in or maybe we got this extra money we thought let's really think about what's the best thing to do with our money this extra money that we found we find that us we actually lost out because we're making our purchases after the prices have risen so our real purchasing power has has fallen so the increase in money supply did not benefit society as a whole but the early spenders the early spenders benefited at the expense of the late spenders so from that we can see every money supply is equally optimal every amount of money is equally optimal to a large a smaller one is just as optimal as a larger one it has no a larger money supply increase the main supply does not benefit society so nobody including economists including people at the Fed nobody needs to be concerned with what the optimal amount of money supply is and be you know ringing their hands over should we increase it or not should we increase the money supply should we contract the money supply okay so under the gold standard the only way to increase the money supply is a dig more gold out of the ground right if you want to have more money and gold is money then we have to get out of ground well that is a costly activity that requires scarce resources time labor tools to be going and digging the gold out of the ground so the amount of gold mining that's done is actually going to be determined by profitability of mining right the profitability of mining of course is affected by the cost of mining okay so if those costs fall then the production of new gold or mining more gold would increase if the cost increase the cost of mining increase in production would be cut back or maybe disappear completely one factor that affects the cost of production is the price level right so the price level rises the prices of resources used in mining gold those are also going to be affected so if the prices of resources use in mining gold increase then production of gold decline so that's going to be the opposite case when the price level when the price level falls so an increase in commodity money like gold or silver is going to affect the money supply but also work and therefore the price level but we also have this other benefit because there's a commodity money this gold can be an increase in gold could be beneficial to society because it can be used in consumption and production uses we can have jewelry we can have electronics made out of it so okay so that's gold so you can get you can get gold by buying it or you can mine it another way you could get it fraudulently is by counterfeiting okay in counterfeiting it's going that looking at counterfeiting is going to give us some insights into the inflation process okay so let's say there are some bad guys who get together and they counterfeit some gold coins and the gold coins are actually made of brass but these fake gold coins they just pass them off as dollars in the marketplace and they go undetected when they spend them so they spend these fakes in the market and they increase the money supply and increase the demand for goods and so it's increasing the price level and decreasing the purchasing power of money not just for the fakes but for also the rest of us the good guys are our money okay so this is just like the angel Gabriel model but can you pitch point out one crucial distinction it's not that angel Gabriel came down or it's not that we all counterfeited and made our fake gold coins right it's that the bad guys did this and so the money is injected and enters the economy at a specific point right so so the gold their fake or the brass coins they enter a specific point and they spread and the fakes get spent and re-spent so the result is the demand for these local goods where the bad guys were the demand for those goods increase first and therefore those prices rise and then it spreads as those fake coins are spent and re-spent throughout the economy until really all prices are affected so the counterfeiters and those they buy from first and the ones who get the money early in the process they benefit at the expense of the ones who get it much later or not at all so think about the people who are on fixed incomes and they never see they never see more money coming into their account they are worse off they have the same income as before but they now have the higher prices so counterfeiting is really a subtle method of fraudulently gaining at the expense of the rest of society through the inflation process okay so last thing I'll say is we would not expect money to be paper right we would not expect money to be paper because paper does not have any intrinsic value we throw it out all the time we would not expect money to be national because then we're really back to at the border if you live safe each state has its own money we're in Auburn we're really close to state line in Georgia if every state had their own money we're back to double coincidence of wants at the state line right I want to buy something in Georgia but I've got Alabama money I need somebody who's selling stuff wants Alabama money so also wouldn't expect it to be under the control of any particular entity because it doesn't need to be we just talked about how any supply of money any amount of money is just as good because as any other we don't need to be controlling it and you know fine tuning the the amount of money in circulation because any amount of money is just going to the price level will adjust so that we can have all transactions facilitated with the amount of money that we have so why then do we have a national paper money under the control of a central bank well it's as we saw with the example of the counterfeiters with the example of the counterfeiters issuing currency transfers wealth to the one who's issuing it right if I come up with some way to trick you into accepting you know the sandy dollars then and they're just fake worthless things then I'm I'm gaining right so there's a transfer of wealth to the one who issues the issues the currency so monopoly in the provision of money it's really the most valuable tool for the state to have and that's what we see that's what we see today so you're going to learn more this week about central banking as well as as well as fractional reserve banking the Federal Reserve next with Patrick Newman so thank you very much


I'm Ryan Baxter, a professor for the Penn State course in environmental applications of GIS. If you're interested in the natural world and how people interact with it and how we might use GIS to study it, then I really recommend you take this class. I imagine that the word environmental means different things to different people, so we'll have discussions about what exactly environmental GIS is and work through exercises that approach the environment from a variety of angles. For example, sewage treatment plants produce a great deal of solid waste and it has to go somewhere. So we'll use GIS to create a map of groundwater vulnerability so the waste can be disposed in areas where it won't impact sources of drinking water. Or maybe we know that a certain species of bird prefers habitat only along the edges of forests. We can use GIS to measure the amount of forest edge that's created or lost during deforestation to identify critical areas. So there are a lot of ways GIS can be used to help us interact with the world in an informed way. So in these and other topics we'll discuss the kinds of data we need, where to get it, and the GIS tools that are best suited to help us answer these questions. This course is a lot of fun and will challenge you to deploy GIS in ways that perhaps you hadn't before. After taking it, you'll be well equipped to develop databases and GIS workflows in your own application areas and also help you think about how best to communicate your results to what is very likely a diverse and complex group of stakeholders. I really look forward to seeing you in class.


Winners of the recently held island champs track and field championships were presented with their prize monies trophies and medals during ceremonies at the respective schools. Saint Joseph's Convent emerged winners of the girls division. And also to commend you Saint Joseph's Convent and to tell you to continue to be the epitome of success continue to show that the prowess of Saint Joseph's Convent sister Rufina Donat motivated her students highlighting that many former students were able to go off on scholarships overseas because of their involvement in sports. We have students out there on board scholarships. We have students out there on track and field because look at Merkiba and Sydney with the name Genet Shaper and there were many others who are out there right now. Russia is also out and we have students on football.  Don't just see this hard work. It's not that you don't like doing the training but the training pays off and it will also do well for you. Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Development and Sports Mary Wilfred congratulated the school for their continued high standard in interschool athletics. V.A. for Comprehensive Secondary School with a Boy's Champs, Tishana Jeffers, Marketing and Communications Manager, First National Bank, Taisel sponsors of Island Champs 2024, spoke during their check presentation and encouraged the school to continue excelling in all their endeavors. I just want to encourage you to continue you know making sporting and your curricula your extracurricular activities a part of you because I mean as you can see Julian Alfred a national of St. Lucia a brand ambassador to First National she just rents out and conquered the whole world and I'm sure the next Julian Alfred is somewhere inside here and so I will be looking forward to seeing what V4 Comprehensive has to bring because First National has made a commitment not only to youth but to sports and social development in St. Lucia. Acting Deputy Chief Education Officer Cyrus Seepal announced that the Ministry of Education was taking a different approach to the mix of sports and education. The Ministry of Education we do understand very well that the 21st century child 21st century generation we cannot approach sports and education like we used to do 20 40 years ago there is what you call a social evolution that is taking place there is a pedagogical evolution that is taking place and then we want you to be part of it so that's why the integration of sports the integration of education and other cultural activities will be what will drive the 21st century to experience true success. Deputy Principal Lydia Shalry expresses school's gratitude for all involved in the school's success at Island Champs. We thank you so much for giving us this check you know and developing our athletes that can always well always be thank you for that and on behalf of my principal our PTA president and all our staff members and our student body who will this happen and who may this happen? We all love the voices, there is vibrant voices we know we're coming at you so we thank you. First National Bank presented prize monies of 20 000 Eastern Caribbean dollars to each of the winning schools. From the Ministry of Development and Sports, I'm Ryan O'Brien.


The presidential candidate of the People's Democratic Party PDP Atiku Abu Bakar has promised to rescue Nigeria from hunger, poverty and insecurity. Speaking at the Gotsville-Akpabio International Stadium in Uyo-Aquabomb state, Atiku said Nigerians had since 2015 under the All Progressive Congress' government, experienced poverty, insecurity, unemployment and disunity while students have intermittently been out of school. And Nigeria said, they want a change, they voted for change in 2015. What have we seen? What we have seen is poverty, insecurity, lack of jobs and disunity. Our children are no longer going to school. Is that what you want to continue with? Is that what you want to continue with? So, today we have inaugurated Black Dog, our campaign to rescue Nigeria. To rescue Nigeria from hunger. To rescue Nigeria from poverty. And also to bring back the unity that we require. The National Chairman of the party, Senator Iochai Ayu, called on those who have left the PDP to return. I started moving. The train is leaving the station. But we are moving slowly so that those who are not yet on board will join us on the train. It is important that those who have not yet joined the PDP train should come on board. Because we are one big happy United family. We want every member of the PDP family on board. We know the programs holding Nigerians. Nigerians are not interested in what is holding us as leaders. Nigeria is not interested in our personal quarrels. Nigerians are waiting for the PDP to come and rescue them from what is worrying them. The PDP knows what is worrying Nigerians. Nigerians are suffering from all sorts of sickness. Nigerians are getting more and more difficult. Nigerians are complaining and they are hoping that what we did to them in the first six months, in the first 16 years, we will come back and do it again. Let us all join hands together because we have the solution. Already we have been down a common... Noticeably absent at the campaign with Governor Ngesom Wikei and his group, Governor Shai Makinde over your state, Governor KZ Pazov Abia, Governor Samuel Otomo Benwe. If I win with Nugu and the PDP National Chairman, Ambassador Taufik Arakpaja.


Do I really want to shift gears and change again and be stressed again?  That's hard Hard to keep being the new guy helping others is a calling. It's not a job Okay, I don't know. I don't think I can trade the hospital life for clinic life All I've known is clinic life You know, I don't know. I've been in both. I've been in family medicine and in the hospital I just gravitate towards the hospital every single time I I don't know like I have like this aversion to the hospital just because I've never had a good rotation or a good experience at the hospital But I just I hear so many people saying they love it because you're like with colleagues People around your age, you know people all doing the same stuff about hundreds of them All these employees and it's like this camaraderie and you're just like no, it's us against them It's like the hospital staff. So a lot of it does seem very attractive. So I might try it out You know, it's just like once you get so comfortable with the outpatient life mm-hmm, it's like I Don't know You just don't want to try it. It was my experience as a scribe in family medicine. I think that's why I don't know If it would be different as a provider, I'm pretty sure it'd be different, but mm-hmm I was just my experience from mom like the ER versus like family men. Yeah, I Don't know I Don't know my answer to everything is I don't know I'd really like to try it out, but it's also like Once you already know like a certain thing that's just like that's the thing with wishing specialties in PA as a PA Is like everyone writes their essay about lateral mobility like yeah I can spend two years in dermatology and two years in gastro and two years in cardio You're not gonna want to do that. That's hard Hard to keep being the new guy like even after a year or two of experience doing like outpatient medicine first Internal medicine primary care and now urgent care, which is like a lot of the same and then a lot of other stuff I'm just comfortable now Like even as a guy with only two years experience and only one year in urgent care less than that even it's just like There's so much stuff. That's just autopilot. It's just so comfortable It's like swimming in like a shallow warm pool instead of like the rapids It's Do I really want to shift gears and change again and be stressed again Literally and like I know all the all these outpatient medications. I know how they present. I know how they interact I know how they make people feel now. I have to learn all this stuff.  I Guess it's just nice knowing that you have that option as a PA. Yeah, you always have the option But realistically, are you gonna want to yeah, do most people do that? I don't think so. I don't think so no one does Almost no one. I mean, I've seen it like for instance one professor. I had in PA school who was doing our This like modular learning we think we did where we had a lot of visiting professors were like kind of part time She was a gynecology PA. She she worked women's medicine And she worked for like the last 10 years And here I am as like a PA student thinking like wait someone spends 10 years in the same specialty That doesn't make any sense What PA would do that and then the more experience you get the more PA's you meet you're like, oh, wait. No, they all do that They all do That's just your life because you know so much about it. It's comfortable Now you don't have to stress so much about your job. It's just coming in and doing mostly the same stuff Talking to the same people.  You're let's say everyone got our mobility thing I use that in my personal statement and now that I think about it. I'm like, oh wait, I'm actually only geared towards one thing Which is it's funny because like a lot of people who just like Fell in love with the PA profession on paper They're like what a hundred k in two years. That's cool. And then they just like backwards rationalize why they want to do it Besides just the lifestyle and the salary They're just like, oh, this is unique about the profession. I'm going to latch on to lateral mobility But then like the people who seem to be honest are the ones that are like, no, I had this great experience with Neuro or whatever and they're like, no, I just really want to practice neuro as a PA. I love everything about that job Those are the people I believe No lateral mobility is cool in like theory But very few people actually take like a lot of advantage of it I think I had one of my my professors or one of the Alumni from my program. I think did that she worked in the hospital like a critical repair and then try to go into Plastics got an awesome job in plastic takes so well Yeah, but then I think after a month like she went back right back to the hospital because she's like so out of my element But the thing is if she stuck with it for like two years, she'd have a new element Oh, yeah, that's true. But that's that's a hard two years Yeah, just like a doubt and like you said be the new guy again. I I can see why it'd be difficult Yeah, that's why I'm thinking like man I don't know. It's a tough choice Because like I go for a dang fact. I'm not interested in primary care right now.  I mean like I like the whole shift work. I don't like the nine to five Like so I get so many different like job offers and like little job like listings and whatnot at least in my email And when I see like eight to four nine to five, I just immediately shudder like no, I can't do that again I can't do five days a week. I love three days a week It's just so nice So like first off you're spoiled with like a certain schedule And then it's just I'm not going to go into why I don't want to do primary care anymore But the point is like I'm so comfortable with this urgent care thing And I know I can I'm like I'm only kind of focusing on urgent care and maybe ER jobs if I ever move But then like all this other stuff comes up and it will be like it will be so cool to do like Uh, like plastics you mentioned plastics Plastic surgery or dermatology or I'm even looking at like injections like cosmetics are getting really big now Oh, yeah, I always need like providers like lip fillers and Botox and it's getting so popular and it's cash So it's just it's a really cool like little subset of medicine to get into and I'm thinking like that'll be kind of cool to do But like if you really want to get good at it, you got to do it full time for a while Oh, yeah, that has to be like your specialty Basically at that point that full time then you forget all this other stuff and then you go back to real medicine and you're like I don't know anything Which is what I'm I'm scared I'm scared of that happening to me because I know right now I'm a sponge And I'm gonna sponge everything through baseball, but then once you really like Go broad Sponge everything up and then narrow down like how much do you really retain for like All the other stuff to where you actually keep it at the end, you know If you don't use it you lose it, but at the same time it also gets way easier to learn something else Mm-hmm, you know because human bodies are human bodies So like for instance when I was working in gastroenterology as a medical assistant We had a girl Amy Who's a nurse practitioner who spent like 10 years in cardiology? And then she's like no like this particular practice pays very well and they pay you per hour And for whatever reason she just really liked the practice so she switched the gastro And you know like the learning curve was big She only started seeing like six people a day and then she ramped up to like 10 people a day And you know after a year or so she got you know, she was keeping up with a lot of the other PAs 12 15 20 a day But it was very stressful for her But she like whatever reason just really liked the lifestyle.  Well, isn't that that? Yeah, you're you're getting paid like it's all It's it seems stressful to someone who's like been in a cushy PA job to like Be slightly less cushy for a while, but like as a new grad you're like, dude, that's that's so easy compared to what I'm freaking dealing with here So it's just you get spoiled I guess my point is you get spoiled and you don't want to do lateral mobility anymore I want to be spoiled already I know it's like well, do you though because then like the world is is not your oyster anymore Now it's like this tiny little part of the world that you're just operating in Oh man, I've been waiting to be trauma since I left my last job and I can't stop thinking about I look I like kind of go a little bit above and beyond and I like watch videos on like chest two placements and like During art lines in and I'm just like even the trying to Re familiarize myself with like the material that I used to grab for the PAs Like things like that like just like knowing like what you need in a kit for like a chest tube I think it's like things that'll help me in rotation. So I'm still trying to keep up on that aspect on top of The semester that's going on. So oh man I mean, whatever you need it, it'll snap back quick You don't have to worry about it. If I use it, I lose it like literally if you need it for a week, you're gonna know it I hope I remember You literally will and if you don't it's gonna be very easy to relearn You know, um, like one of my professors in PA school called it the lattice It's like the like the bone structure of your knowledge And when you're like a new like PA student, you don't have anything And then you learn a few like different diseases and treatments and you're like, okay There's a little bit and then you learn something else that's kind of similar So it builds on top of that and here you learn something similar to this and it builds on top of that And so the more experience and knowledge you get the more things are just easy to just place on the shelf instead of building the shelf Right So like if you just want to put in that little bit of effort changing fields isn't going to be nearly as hard For someone with experience as opposed to like a new grad who doesn't know, you know, very much I feel like that Mentality rings true even in my first semester. I feel like in the beginning it was so hard to learn And then now like towards the end I was like, okay, these classes are kind of building up on each other It's all kind of trying together. Yeah, it's awesome Yeah, it's like it gets harder school gets harder as you go along Because the question at least my program the time they give you per question went from two minutes to 90 seconds to Like a minute 15 to a minute just like it is on the pants So like the time per question went down. So it was harder to take the exams The material and the complexity went up But everyone's grades went up and it seemed like it was getting easier because you're just used to it Right, you know, just get used to the abuse Used to the abuse is one thing. Uh, that's definitely true But also just used to learning really fast and just used to just learning medicine. It's just It's not new for you anymore You know, you're just like, okay, I need to learn this much of the physiology for this to make sense I don't have to learn all of it and then I have to know like three or four common presentations slash emergency like life-threatening presentations And just a couple of treatments and the main side effects the end Like that's what you focus on and you like just don't think about everything else on the slides Great, you realize. Okay. This is all I really need to know So it's like You get more surgical and less you use a sniper rifle rather than a grenade Right a lot It takes more skill But it's way less energy to pull the trigger one time and hit like a one inch thing as opposed to just like Let's hit kill everybody. Let's figure it out. Uh, like it's way less stressful way less chaotic.  I got it I love what you saw. I got it. There you go. I'm just not trying to trigger everybody, but Yeah Yeah, it's it's funny when there's like Like a veteran or whatever in medicine because they're so opposite fields You know taking lives versus saving lives. It's just so dichotomy It's so weird when that happens Patrick is actually a I think active duty right now. He um, what what do you mean? He's active duty Well, no, no, I think reserves. Sorry. I think he's in the reserves right now the guy, uh My my my close friend in preschool the one with study methods that I talked told you about. Yeah, he's uh, I think he's in the reserves He crazy thing this guy's amazing. Not only did he almost get like straight as um, but he uh Works the six-figure salary. So I forgot what he does Yeah, yeah, like he like He he does something on the side and it's like a salary job and like he's still like earning six figures and Work and he's working and doing PA school and I'm just like, oh my god, this guy's like wait He's still working full-time I I wouldn't say it's full-time like he's working and he's getting the job done, but it's like salary paid What I don't know I I don't know what he did. I have to ask him again Get him on the podcast dude I'll ask him. Yeah, that'll be cool I mean he doesn't have to obviously if he's not like camera shy or he doesn't want to talk about his life Like not everyone wants to broadcast everything You know like me and Elijah do but also I think it helps people just People going stuff that you want to go through but yeah, not everybody wants to be on this I'll actually ask him about it because he he's been more interested in like I think doing things like this Oh, yeah, there's dude. It's shocking. How many more like PA influencers and like people helping people get in and stuff there are Mm-hmm. It's like when I was going through there was like six Maybe Yeah, there was like and a lot of them stopped like most of them quit Uh, but now there's so many so so many Oh, yeah, the views are kind of like spreading amongst all of them now Yeah, like there's not like one that's just you know, um Yeah, it's just amazing how many people there are the the mexican pa. I forgot his His name, but me and him are working on a collab Uh, hopefully sometime in the next couple months But like he just came out of nowhere and he's like climbing real quick And then I saw he's posting that he's like advising people and they're getting in and it's like wait a minute. This looks familiar I'm doing the same thing So there's just so many options right now for people to get help Yeah, I brought you a couple of his videos. I um, uh, because he's uh from His school is in the same state. I used to live in it's in California. I think he goes to um Cal State something. Oh, no, no, no you see something I'm not sure I forgot which one it was but he goes to like university out there. I think he just graduated


The Director-General of the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency Bashar Jamal has asked the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission to investigate an allegation of 1.5 trillion Naira fraud levelled against him by one Jackson Ude. Ude had on Saturday alleged that 1.5 trillion Naira was traced to Jamal. The allegation made on Twitter had gone viral. However, on Tuesday, in a letter addressed to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, he urged the crime agency to investigate the allegations.