Okay. So welcome to this talk about Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kiba9 and the rest, of course. We have today Honza Kral. It's a Python developer and Django Core Dev. Okay. So let's go. So good morning, everyone. So I'm here to talk about logging all the things. And while that seems somewhat obvious, I want to take it a little bit further and to explore what logging is, what it can be, and what are the important aspects to keep in mind when you're doing logging, especially when you're doing centralized logging, and also the motivation for it. So also, every good talk begins with the definition. So what is a log? What do we mean by logs when we say it during this talk? Well, essentially, when you come to think about it, log is any sort of message, any sort of document, any sort of piece of data that has a time stamp and doesn't change after it's been created. So it can be applied to many other things than just logs as you think of them as lines in the file. It can be a Twitter feed. It's essentially also logs, any sort of stream of events as they happen, but also something that happens in your organization on the business side. All the invoices that you send out, all the money that you get back, all these transactions can also be considered logs and can be treated in very much the same way. You can actually use the same system to treat them and I'm trying to convince you here that it would be beneficial. And also metrics can be viewed as logs. So your CPU usage, your free memory, and all of this information that's traditional stored next to the logs in some other separate systems, but in reality it's kind of the same data. But except for some textual representation of what's going on, we have a numerical one. But it's really the same thing and you want to treat it the same way and you want to work with it exactly the same way as you would with logs. So I will probably keep saying logs throughout this talk. Just keep in mind that it applies to anything that has a timestamp and doesn't really change much once created. So that's what logs are. That's what logging means for us today. So why should we care? Why do we talk about this logs and metrics so much? Well, currently any company out there generates huge amounts of data. All the information that's going on, all the different events that's happening, an incoming request from a user on the load balancer, then on the web server, then on the server serving the static files, then on the database. And this is just when we're talking about a simple website. Imagine that you have anything more complicated. Imagine God forbid that you have something like microservices and you need to track all of the different services and all the different requests that are going around. That's a lot of data. And those are just the technical data. You also have a lot of business data. How is your business doing? How is your traffic? What sort of thing is happening on the business side of things? So those are all the data. And a lot of the times they're just going to waste if they're recorded at all. Some of them you always have to track because your business depends on it, but a lot of it is going to waste and can be used. But let's start from the simple questions. What happened last Tuesday? Preferably at three in the morning. If a customer comes to you and says, hey, I use your service, I really like it. But last Tuesday at three in the morning, I had this annoying thing happen to me. And it really bugs me. What do you tell them? How do you find out what's actually happening? Well, the first approach is you typically try to grab it. You have some log files somewhere. You try to grab it and that breaks down pretty quickly. That's fine on your local machines if you're looking for something that just happened. But if you want to look on a production system, that's typically not that nice. Because you would have to go to multiple machines. Sure, we can all do SSH scripts and stuff like that. That's fine. We can go to multiple log files. Even that we can do with Grap. It's getting a little hairy, but you can still do that. What's harder to do is any sort of analysis or discovery. Because Grap, you already have to know what you're looking for. If you don't know what you're looking for, there is no way that Grap will help you. And lastly, the crucial part of the question is Tuesday at 3 a.m. Who can grab all the different log files for what happened at Tuesday at 3 a.m.? I see no hands raised up and that's probably fairly accurate because, you know, time is fun, especially when you're dealing with computers. And the nice part, the nice thing about time and time format is everybody likes their own. And people don't really like to share. So we have just a sample here of some of the formats that you might see in the very common log files. And some of them are quite interesting. For example, PostFix just assumes that it will never run for more than a year. That's not really the confidence I'm looking for in my systems, but okay. And you can see that they're all very different. Some of them are not even sortable. So how does this work if I want to grab for something that happened Tuesday at 3 in the morning? Well, the obvious answer is you cannot. So we need something else instead of Grap. So what's it going to be? So let's see what we need to do. But also, we want to be able to do more things than just look at the individual log files or individual events from individual sources. We want to be able to correlate different events. And that's why I gave you such a huge feel about what log actually is and what it can be. Because only once you get logs or data from multiple sources do you really get to see some interesting stuff. For example, if you compare your logs from your load balancer and from your web server, and just look at the raw numbers, you can immediately deduct certain things in certain behaviors. For example, if your traffic on the load balancer is going way up and the web server traffic is still going steady, that's probably a good thing. That probably means that you have some sort of caching on the load balancer and it just works. But if you see them rising together, that means that the caching that you have in place doesn't work. And that's something that's nearly impossible to discover without having both of these systems together in one system that you can compare these numbers. The same difference is web server versus database. You also want to have some sort of caching. You definitely don't want to scale linearly that the more requests that you do, the more database requests that you do. That doesn't scale really well. So you need to be on the lookout for these kind of patterns. And this is, again, something very difficult to discover. Also, what happens when you see a rise in errors on your web server, does it maybe correlate with a new deploy or with a new employee getting on board? Or a new client? Or something like that. But you can also not stop there and you can go into the more businessy kind of sort of thing. So we bought these ads, we bought this traffic from someone, do we really have something to show for it? Sure, for a lot of these things, you can go to external services. But external services are external, they don't know your system. So they might be difficult to tie in to the rest of your infrastructure. So this is sort of everything that we want. We want to be able to look at what happened at Tuesday 3 a.m. and we want to be able to answer all of these questions to do the correlations. So how will it look? What's the ideal state of this proposed system? So we need a central storage. We need something that can handle the different data that's coming from different sources that can handle the amount of data. We also need the data to be enriched. We don't just want the raw data, the raw text file from the log. That's not interesting. We want to parse it and also we want to do some enriching. So for example, if we stick with example of running a web server, we have a URL in there. We want to map the URL to the article and the author who wrote it or the product in our eShop and the category of that product. Because once we get that, we can immediately see much more information in our data. The same as when we have the client IP or the user agent. We might want to see which country did they come from. And also other stuff like we see some cookie in there. That's cool, but was that user logged in or not? What was the username? All of this information. And once we have this information, of course we want to be able to search on it, to filter on it, to get the results back.  You can just easily do a search, say, hey, from this user, did I see any 404s? Maybe there is something wrong with this browser or something. So this is what we want. We also want to be able to analyze all of it. So not just look at individual records, but see it, look at patterns, visualize the data, and be able to discover some interesting stuff. So essentially what we've designed here or what our wish list equals to is centralized logging. That's a technical term for the system. And it consists of several steps, and those steps will not be surprising at all to you right now. So we need to collect the data. We need to parse the data in case that they're in a textual format. So we need to extract the different fields that are otherwise hidden in the text. We need to create a structure from the text. Then we need to do the enriching step. So do the GeoIP look up on the IP address and other sort of other stuff. We obviously need to store the data somewhere that's capable of doing the search and aggregations. And finally, and most importantly, we need to visualize the data. Because we as humans, we are pattern recognition machines. It's very easy for us to spot an anomaly in a pattern. It's very hard for a computer to do so. You would have to instruct the computer specifically what to look for, or you would have to have a very, very smart computer. And smart computers are expensive, especially in time. So how can we accomplish that using the Elastic Stack? So Elastic is the company I work for. We produce all of these things to do all of that. And don't worry, there's not a sales pitch. Everything is open source. So this is how it maps. So in the center of everything, to store and doing the search and analysis, we have Elastic Search, which is the data store that can handle this amount of traffic. For visualizations, we have Kibana. We'll see Pretty Pretty Screenshots later. And for the collection parsing, we have two products. We have Beats and we have LogStash. And they are a little bit different. Whereas Beats is more like a lightweight agent that will sit on your machines, collect the data and send them somewhere. Either for further processing into LogStash or directly into Elastic Search. LogStash is more heavyweight. It has much more options, but it's also much heavier to use. Just to demonstrate what I mean by that, Beats is a small agent written in Go. It's a single statically compiled binary that you can just upload somewhere and it will work. Whereas LogStash runs in JRuby. So written Ruby runs under JVM. I'm pretty sure that's fairly popular in this crowd. For more sophisticated or if you really need more from your system, this is typically how it would look that you would use Beats to actually collect the data and then LogStash for doing the parsing and enriching because that's what this is all about. So this is the overview, so now let's get into it. So the first step in the process is Beats. And Beats is sort of just a family of products. There are several different Beats. And most importantly, you can create your own Beats. Beats is written in Go. We even have a Beat Generator, so you can just run a command that will create all the scaffolding, all the boilerplate code for you and you just have to essentially write the one function that actually collects the data. And we have several different types of Beats out of the box. So let's see some examples. The first one that we have here is Metric Beat. Metric Beat is something that regularly does something and collects some data. It has different modules. This is an example of working configuration where we want to configure, when we want to monitor Redis. Every one second, we want to essentially capture the info from host one. And we also have one for Apache where every 30 seconds we want to do the same thing. And then Beats have these modules for Redis and Apache. It knows how to go in and fetch the information. We also have a file beat, which is essentially just, here is a log file, just keep tailing it and optionally say if you see a line that doesn't begin actually with a hash, just merge it with the line before. So that probably means that there is a stack trace or something that spans multiple lines. So we can group them together already on the Beats level when we are first collecting the data. Because doing it later is a hard problem when you have data coming from multiple sources. How do you identify which actually belong together in a simple message? And then my favorite beat is packet beat. All you have to do with packet beat is you say, I have this protocol running on this port. And then packet beat will just keep monitoring the network and logging what's going on in there. And because it understands the protocol, it can give you more information. For example, it understands the Postgres protocol, so it can tell you, yeah, oh, yeah, this is a select. This is a transaction. This is a select going to this table and log all of that information in a structured manner. And finally, these are all the inputs that you can have, and then finally you have an output. Output is either elastic search or a file or standard out. Or in this example, it's log stack. So we'll just take it and send it to log stack for further processing. So it's a custom TCP protocol to get it into log stack so we can do some more stuff. So let's follow our data and go to log stack ourselves. So what log stack is, it's a data ingestion pipeline.  It's really just that. It's really a pipeline. So what are the different options? There are many, many different inputs. The most interesting ones, at least for me, is all the different queues that we have, Redis, Kafka, RebMq, ZeroMq, all of the different ways how you can get data from a queue. Also, how you can get data just from the network. You can just open a TCP socket and listen to whatever comes in. Or there is specialized one like the Beats input that's pretty obvious. Or even syslog or log4j, you can even just go to S3 or SQS or some other systems. So many, many different types of inputs, how you can get the data and ingest them into the pipeline. Then sort of the meat of it is all the different filters that you can apply to your data. This is just a small sampling of the filters that there are and highlighted are the ones that, again, I personally consider more interesting. For example, anonymize, if you consume some data that can potentially contain some sensitive information like email addresses and stuff that you don't necessarily want to expose to everyone in your company, but you want them to have the ability to inspect the logs, you can just anonymize everything, which will go through a one-way hash. So all of the same emails will correlate to the same hash, but nobody will be the wiser which actual user this is. I've talked about the GUIP filter, that it will just take an IP address and give you back the country, the city, where the user came from. So you can visualize very nicely on a map where your traffic is coming from. And you can even know, for example, which users around the world have the best experience. The best latency or the worst. GROC is if you want to parse text. JSON is kind of obvious if you have data in JSON, so just parse it as JSON. User agent is if you've ever seen a user agent string in your log files, it's a nightmare to make sense of even for people. So user agent actually will parse that into structured information. This is Chrome version 7.72, and it's running on Windows. And then look such as, again, number of different outputs. The crucial one is probably Elasticsearch, but there are many others. You can just write it to a different queue to be processed by another system. You can write it to a different, completely different storage. If you're so inclined, you can even write it to MySQL or something like that. I don't know why you would do that, but you can. And it actually might make sense for some of the data because what you can do with LogSesh quite easily is you can say, put all the data in Elasticsearch, and if you see some critical error, send that to me over email. And if it's really, really critical, just pink page your duty and have my pager go off so I can jump on it right away. So we can have multiple different outputs with filters. You can be alerted immediately what's going on in real time. So that's LogSesh. It's really not that hard in concept. You have inputs, you have a number of filters, and you have some outputs. The only interesting part is that you can have multiple outputs and obviously multiple filters and multiple inputs. And then the data gets into Elasticsearch. So what is Elasticsearch? Again, just to super high-level overview, it's a distributed search and analytics engine. It's open source. It's document-based by document. What we mean is everything that you can express as JSON, we can index and we can search on and analyze. It is based on Apache Lucene, the library that does all of the heavy lifting. And it is very friendly. It speaks JSON over HTTP. Then there are obviously clients in any of your favorite languages. My guess is that your favorite language would be Python, so we do have a Python client for Elasticsearch that you can use. And the nice part about Elasticsearch is that it is distributed and it has some qualities that make it very well suited for the logging use case. So how does it look inside of Elasticsearch? Again, the most highest of levels of overview. So Elasticsearch is a cluster solution, so you have a number of nodes that work together. From the outside, it's completely transparent. You don't really care what's happening inside in what node. As a client, you can always talk to any of the nodes in your cluster and they will all answer the same questions in the same way. So you don't have to worry about any of this, but it's nice to know how it works so that you can reason about what your expectations can be. In the cluster, the data is stored in indices. And each index is essentially a connection of shards. So what we do is we say we have this index, which is just a logical grouping of documents. And we'll split it five ways, so we'll split it into five shards. And each of these little shards, we'll store twice, you know, in case we lose one node so we can still keep going on. And these shards are actually the unit of scale of Elasticsearch. When we have the cluster, so in this case we have two indices, one with four shards and one replica each, so we have two copies of each shard, and one with only two shards and no replicas. We don't care really about that index that much. And those shards are what lives actually on the nodes where the cluster keeps rearranging. So if I were to add one more node, the cluster will say, oh, I have a free node and it will move some of the shards over to that new node. You will have a primary and a replica, which is just a logical difference. It really doesn't matter that shards look exactly the same. They do exactly the same amount of work. So again, something that typically you don't have to worry about. But what this means is a very important thing. When you search across through the orders index in this case, you will have to go out to four shards. And that's okay. We can absolutely do it. We can even stand. And that means that it is the exact same operation if I want to search four shards no matter where they come from. So they can be inside one index or inside four indices. And the only thing that really matters is the number of shards. And this allows for some interesting, interesting things where we can create a new index every day with any number of shards. Typically, you would start with one shard when you're starting the system and you would grow the number of shards as the one shard becomes not enough. And then when you search, you just search over as many indices as you need data for. So if you want data for the last seven weeks, you just search over the last seven indices. And this also means that you can treat the indices differently. So for the current index, for the index for today, you will have more replicas and you will have it on those nodes that live on stronger boxes, the boxes with SSD drives and everything because those indices are doing the most work. They're actually actively indexing new data. And as the data gets older, so a week old index, so you will just back it up. You will do a snapshot with Elasticsearch. You will store it on S3 or something like that. And you will remove the replicas, which means that at this point if you lose some node, you will lose some data. But that's okay. You have a backup. And also, this data is not that important. It's week old. It's okay to save a little money sometimes. Then a month old data, you might want to move to weaker boxes. So boxes with just huge spinning disks that everything will live on. Then you can even close the indices. So they will still live on the disk, but they will not be in memory. They will not be available for search. But you can make them available for search very easily just by opening them. And finally, after some amount of time, you can still eat the data. So you have a very clear sort of plan how to degrade your data and make them use less resources even while keeping them. Sure, it will mean that if you search for older data, it will be slower. But that's okay. 90% of your users will probably just want to search today or yesterday, or typically actually just last one hour. They just want to see the dashboard for the last one hour that they can actually just put on the wall and have always their auto-refreshing every minute. So that's one nice feature of Elasticsearch that's very relevant to the login use case, how you can make use of it. And speaking of dashboards, so the last sort of part in the Elasticstack is Kibana. Kibana is a small JavaScript application that provides visualizations for your data in Elasticsearch. It doesn't have to be log data, but with log data, that's how Kibana started, and that's really where it shines. And you can see immediately here what I talked about. You can immediately see a gap here in the data. And you can see it, because, again, you're human, I assume. So that's why visualizations are important. And this slower one, you have... So this is split by country. For each country, we split again the users of our website, whether they're authenticated or not. And for each of these two groups, we ask what browser they're using. And immediately, you can see very different things for different countries. So we have China here, where we have mostly authenticated users and some not authenticated users. And in the end, we have, I don't know what country, but nobody there is logged in. And you can see that immediately, because it just pops out. Because, you know, again, the human thing and all that. You can... If you use the GUIP filter in LogStash, you can see where your users are coming from, just by clicking on a map. And you're not limited to just pretty pictures. You can actually drill down to the individual records and you can do search. So in this case, I'm looking for responses that went to IE6 and are 400 to 600 kilobytes in size. And I can see the individual records. I can see the individual URLs. You can see that we are using the data from U.S. government. They actually publish this data set publicly. So you can drill down, you can click into it, and you can see all the different values. So putting these things all together, this is how it looks logically. You collect the data with Beats, you send them to LogStash to enrich them, you store them in Elastic Search, and you visualize them using Kibana. This is sort of the ultimate thing. Well, the ultimate architecture would be that instead of just the arrows, you would probably have like a Q in each... Instead of each arrow, you would have like a Kafka between Beats and LogStash and between LogStash and another LogStash that would then put it into Elastic Search. But that's only once we're talking hundreds and thousands of requests per second. Like 100,000 requests per second or millions per second. If you only care about thousands per second, you can just do it directly like that and you will be perfectly fine. If you need more capacity, you just add more machines, more nodes at each level. You can have more than one LogStash, obviously, and more than one Elastic Search. You should have more than one Elastic Search to get any sort of high availability and resiliency. So this is how it works. It's really not that difficult to set up. You can just start with everything on one machine. When you want to start, I recommend you just use Beats and Elastic Search alone. No LogStash, it will just work. And only when you discover more things than you need, like doing the enriching, etc., you can introduce LogStash in the middle. It will be minimal change in your configuration and you can sort of grow from there. First thing that you will do is probably separate Elastic Search and LogStash on separate machines and then sort of keep growing from there. So how does Python come into it? What are the concerns when you're logging from Python? So first important one is to enhance your logs. LogSlog, well, this happened. But also tell, for example, how long did it take? How many queries did the database did it take? Or how long did they take? Also include some sort of metadata. So who is the user who requested this? What is the page that we are currently on? Again, speaking about the web example. And ideally, log it just as JSON. Because if you log it as text, then you will have to parse it later. So you're both serializing it into text and then parsing it out from the test. Both of these things are pretty error-prone and they take a lot of CPU. And no human is going to look at the individual message. We will be looking at it through Kibana. We care about the individual fields, not about the one textual presentation, including all of that. So log as JSON. And the way how to do it is there is a Python package called struct log that's actually created by Hineck. He's somewhere around. I believe he's now giving a talk at one of the other tracks. And what struct log enables you is to do exactly that. So add structured info to your logging. Add qualified fields with names and values. With that, you can track the info through the services. So if you, for example, have your load balancer, you can attach a session ID as an HTTP header. And then track it, even if it has to go to two different web servers, you can in the end put them back together and track the one request through your different systems. You can add a little comment to each one of your SQL queries. Again, to match it back to the request that started it. So you can sort of track the one user action on your front end to everything that happens on your back end. Then ideally, you want to log that into a file. You can send it directly to a queue or to beats or to lock sesh or something like that. But at that point, what happens if your logging infrastructure goes down or if you want to upgrade it? The worst-case scenario here is that it will actually impact your production, your application. That's not really very acceptable. So what you want to do is sort of use some sort of buffer. And the easiest buffer that you can find that's most universal supported, well, that's a file. So just log it into a file and then you can have a file beat sitting there listening to it and sending it to either directly to Elasticsearch or to log sesh for further processing. And you can be perfectly fine.  Your application will still run. You will not lose any data. You can backfill them later. And it will give you a lot more flexibility. So I think that this is OK for our overview of what's possible, why you should do it and what are the key concepts that you should keep in mind when designing a system like this. And now we have some time for questions. Can we get the mic? Yeah, it should work. OK, so any questions? Question for open source solution for user authentication in Elasticsearch. Currently, no. But Elasticsearch speaks HTTP. So what you can do is stick an NGINX in front of it and do HTTP off and SSL on it. It's very difficult to do different levels of access. It's possible, but there might always be the weird corner cases. But that will get you 80% there. And it's very easy to set up. If you need more than that, unfortunately, currently you have to pay us money. We do offer commercial plugins for Elasticsearch and the one doing security is one of them. Hi, great talk. What's your suggestion for an environment where we are installing full-hour stack of products at the client's site and we don't have an access so everything is there. Sometimes we just can pull the log files if we ask client. So what's your suggestion for this scenario to effectively get the logs stored in Elasticsearch? So there are two different ways how to do this. One is that you install Elasticsearch in Kibana at the client with every installation, but that's probably only worth it if the client will get some value out of it as well. If that's not the case, just create a pack of the logs, ship them over, and then have your own stack that will be configured to actually get that pack, read through all the logs, run it through the entire pipeline, get it into Elasticsearch, and then visualize it. And at that point it's only up to you whether you will just create a temporary one like on AWS just for each one of these packs that you received, or you will have one big one and you will get the data from all the clients. Make sense? Cool. Okay, another question? One here. So you mentioned that Beats understands different protocols and we can configure it to listen to the TCP port and send logs down the pipe. Let's say I have my services running in Docker. How do Beats play with them? So with Docker there are several ways how to do it. So the Docker listens on the network interface. So the easiest way for this particular beat, which is packet beat, you can just run it inside the Docker container with the application that you're trying to monitor, or you can run it in a separate container that you configure networking that will be able to listen to that traffic. Alternatively, you can not use the packet beat and just lock things directly using the metric beat which can live in its own container and just keep pinging the other services. Alternatively, Docker has its own logging functionality that you can then feed into LogStash. So you can use Docker to collect all the logs from all your containers, aggregate them together, and send them to LogStash for processing and for loading into Elastic Search. So there are many, many different approaches. It depends exactly on what you're trying to do. Okay, thank you. Another question? Yeah, two. Okay, we have two minutes. Sure. It's not really a question, but a pet peeve of mine is that people log what they're doing, and I can see from other things that what you're doing, please log why you're doing things. Something is secret sauce, I don't care, but the things that you do want to log, are able to log why you're doing stuff, please log the why. You heard the man. About this flow of log messages through time, are there some hooks in Elastic Search for that? You know, like after one week do this with data, or do you have to just write scripts? Thank you for that question. That's what I forgot. Yes, there is a tool. It's a little curator. It's written in Python, actually, and it allows you to do just this. And also a new version of Elastic Search, Elastic Search 5, which will come hopefully later this year. It's already built into Elastic Search, so it's an API inside Elastic Search. So Elastic Search Curator, if you just search for it, or if you install Curator, it does a command-line interface, so you just stick into your cron, and periodically you will run Curator, everything older than five days, remove it, or any other actions that you might have. Okay, no other questions. Thank you so much for the speak.


What's up guys, my name is Michael and welcome to my YouTube channel today We're gonna go over an another problem at code beginner contest 171 be mixed juice So pretty much you're just given the prices Okay, how about I just rephrase this problem because it's not that Not that difficult you want to sum up the case All K smallest Prices of the fruits. That's basically the problem You give an array some of all the case case smallest items of the fruit Basically you have like n fruits and you have the prices for all them and you want to choose K fruits of each single Chosen kind of the fruit and you want to find the minimum possible total sum of these fruits so basically All you want to do is find the K K smallest fruits and then sum up all those ones pretty much from First smallest to K smallest so what do I mean by K smallest like the first smallest second smallest There are just most four smallest up to the K smallest and then sum of them up if you just this problem basically a variant of the K smallest K smallest Value in array or K for largest If you want to know that I have like you check out one of my videos on K smallest some on the code question It's basically the same thing. Only difference is that we're not just returning the K smallest We were summing up them. Okay, so I'll just explain to you guys how my code what I did for the code and then yeah So what did I do? Pretty much you have to use a heap You could also just sort it because apparently on add code of contests. They don't really care about the It's not like an interview where they care about the space complexity Well, some contests do some don't though, but yeah, so what I do I read in and I read in K So n is the size of the array that you have K is just a the kth value that you want right I created my my Array of n plus one the reason why I do n plus one because I want to index it from one I don't want to index it from whatever value it is. I just did this because I want to do okay You could you could index it from zero. It really doesn't matter Yeah, as long as you read in the values in your right, but Now what I do here? So I created this this This priority queue, which is a max heap this priority queue uses a max heap Yeah, so if you don't put in like the greater Comparator here. It's it would be a min heap, but this is a max heap like priority queues By default their max heap. All right, so what I do now I read in every single value of my Every single value of my array right that I've read in you're supposed to have that remember We have to read in all the values of our array. So that's for i equals zero I was less than equal to n i plus plus and then read in all the each single value of your array So then I check if my size of my heap is less than k then I just push push the Whatever value it is let my current value into the priority queue Okay So that's gonna put the Every k values like all k values into the size of my priority queue. All right so now I check if my if these if it's smaller then If the current value that I read in is now smaller than the topmost value of my priority queue right here I'm going to eject it pop it and then I'm gonna put add in the next smaller number. Okay, or next Hold up If it's smaller pop it. Yeah, then I add the next smaller one number. Yeah, so this would get me all the k smallest Values of in my priority queue right all the k smallest number values in my priority queue After that all I have to do is create a variable for my sum to the sum that I'm going to return And then I just while my priority queue is not empty I'm just going to add every single value of the top of the priority queue and I just eject each value Right of the top of the priority queue and then yeah after that I just return now not return. I just print out my total sum That I added it for every single value in my priority queue and then that that's pretty much it That's basically basically how you do this problem. This problem is basically the same thing of the kth I have like a whole array Playlists of like keep questions. I did on the code You guys to check that out first and then come back to this video because they wouldn't this video wouldn't make any much Sense if you don't understand what I did But basically I went over in that other video basically by pen and paper Explaining how to do kth largest kth smallest Those types of things, but yeah, that's pretty much the gist of this question. So yeah, I'll be guys enjoyed this video Ray com subscribe. I'll check you out


Hey guys, it's Drew here from Lone Fox. Welcome back to my channel. Today's a really fun video because it's my first video in like my miniature back to school series that I'm gonna be doing on this channel. And this video is actually going to be a lot of DIY back to school supplies, because I know personally when I was younger, like my parents would not let me pick out like the $19 binder that was all cool and fresh and funky. You know, they wanted me to get like the 99 cent one or like you don't need that $19 binder. So I thought in this video, like why don't we take a 99 cent binder and turn it into that $19 one that you never were able to get that you always wanted. So that's exactly what I'm gonna do in this video. It's going to be a couple of DIY back to school supplies that you guys can implement and just like jazz up some more inexpensive supplies you can buy at the store with just stuff that you might have at your house already. And definitely subscribe to my channel for more. I post DIY projects on here, home decor videos, home tours, all that fun stuff related to like home and life, you know. I'm actually doing a giveaway at the end of the video with a backpack full of back to school supplies. I did this on my main channel last year and it was a huge success. So definitely stick around to the end of this video to find out how you can enter on that giveaway. It's going to be right at the end of the video after I do the DIY projects. But I think that we should just roll into the DIY projects and then roll into the giveaway right after. And I'm so excited. For this first project, all you're going to need is a composition book. So embroidery needles, embroidery floss, black paint, tape and Mod Podge. So I started off by using my tape just to mask the edge of my composition book off so I didn't get any paint on it. And then I used a bit of black paint and this Americana brand black paint from Michaels was amazing because it coated the whole front of this composition book in one coat. Like I didn't even have to do two coats, it was amazing. So all I did was do a thin coat of black paint and then use a bit of Mod Podge and just did a nice thin coat of Mod Podge as well. And the Mod Podge is just nice because it's actually going to seal in the cover. So if you spill water on it or you just get anything on it, it's just going to lock it in so that it can't scratch off or anything. And then I used a pencil just to sort of trace out my initials in the bottom right-hand corner, which is DS. And I thought this was a really fun idea. You can really do whatever you want as well. So I used my needle to pre-poke all the holes for the DS just so I knew exactly where I was going to be stitching.  It's super self-explanatory and easy. You're just going to go around and stitch all around the letters and move on to the next one.  And that's your finished book. Next up, we're creating these personalized pencils and all you're going to need is some gold spray paint, some basic pencils and washi tape. So we're starting off with the brass pencil design and all I did was use a bit of washi tape just to cover up the eraser because of course we do want it to be functional and able to use it as an eraser. So we're covering it up and just like masking off that tip.  So I did a nice coating of this 18 karat gold spray paint which is my favorite stuff in the world if you followed this channel, you would know that. And all I did was wait for them to dry about 10 minutes and then flip them one time and then sprayed them again and then did the same thing one more time. So I sprayed a total of three times and then just removed the tape once it's completely dry to reveal the eraser. And that's nice and clean and fresh.  But I also wanted to share with you guys how to create this washi tape pencil. And this was sort of like an impromptu design. So I used a little bit of washi tape and I did two strips, one on one side and one on the opposite side and just did it down the whole length of the pencil. And then I used a tiny bit of Mod Podge just to lock in the design because you don't want it to peel up anywhere. So just do a super thin coating of Mod Podge down the whole pencil. And this doesn't affect it at all. It just like really creates a nice seal on the actual pencil and then you can sharpen it and you have your completed personalized pencil set. This pencil case is hands down my favorite thing in the video. And all I used was a basic black pencil pouch from Target, a little bit of gold spray paint and a paint brush. So I used the gold spray paint and just sprayed it and then used it as actual paint just to paint on. And the reason I did this is because the gold spray paint is much more metallic than any typical gold paint that I use. So I just used a nice flat edged paint brush on top of this black canvas pouch. And it's super easy. I just did star designs and free-handed the entire thing. So it might look odd at first but trust me at the end of this once you put in a lot of it and then you do the final spray which I'll show you in a bit. So I just did a mixture of moons and stars and I did full moons and I also started just like dry brushing some areas too just to kind of give a texture. But what really completed the pencil pouch was just doing random spritzes of gold paint because it really adds a nice splattered starry night effect and fills in all of the open gaps and just makes it look absolutely incredible you guys. Like I'm so obsessed with this. I think it looks insane. Last but not least, I wanted to show a super inexpensive way to rewrap your notebooks with wrapping paper and then I also used a ruler, pencil, scissors and double-sided tape. So what I started off by doing was just laying down this wrapping paper which is from Harth and Hand. It has these really cute little houses on it and I traced the front side of the notebook onto the backside of the wrapping paper and then cut about an inch extra on each side as you can see here and this is because we're actually going to be wrapping it as a present so we need a little bit of extra space and you're going to need two of these panels one for the front and one for the back and then I used a little bit of double-sided tape on the front side. I did it along all four edges and then just a little bit in the center as well. So we have like an extra strong bond and then I placed on top of it the wrapping paper panel of course and then we flipped it over and once we flipped it over I cut off the corners because when you fold it up and over and tape it down this is going to make it super clean along those corners but we also want to cover the inside. So what I did was just measure out and see how much wrapping paper I wanted to put on the inside and then I cut two panels for the inside one for the back cover and one for the front cover from this wrapping paper and I don't think I mentioned about this wrapping paper is from the Harth and Hand collection from Target. I really love it and super inexpensive way to rewrap your journals as well. So I cut two panels and then I used double-sided tape just to tape these two panels on the inside and that is your finished journal and that's how you can rewrap all of them and make them nice and trendy.  But at the beginning of this video I did mention that I was going to be doing a giveaway at the end and I'm giving away a backpack full of school supplies. So I'm giving away one of these Fajal Raven which is I believe how you say it. I always mess this up. I'm like, hey, can you have me my Fajal Raven Kanken which I know is completely like false but how else do you say this? It's kind of a challenging name. I mean, I know there's a proper way to say it but yellow Fajal Raven bag or Fall Raven, however it's pronounced. It is brand new from Urban Outfitters.  So if you do want to enter this giveaway there are just a couple of rules. All you have to do is be a subscriber of my channel. So that's the first thing. So if you're not already make sure to subscribe to my channel the subscribe button somewhere on the screen and then what you're going to do after you subscribe to my channel is to leave a comment letting me know that you're subscribed to my channel. That's one entry. But if you want a second entry so there's two ways that someone can win or two entries. So you have like double the chance of winning I guess you could say. The second way is to follow my personal Instagram account which is at I'm Drew Scott. I'll put it on the screen for you guys right now. If you follow me at I'm Drew Scott just leave an additional comment separate to the one that you say that you're already subscribed to my channel. And that additional comment will say that you're following me on Instagram and just leave your Instagram at. So if you do get picked I can actually make sure and verify that you are following me on Instagram. I also quickly want to mention that my giveaways are 100% international so you can enter wherever in the world you want to and this giveaway will be open two weeks from today and I'll make sure to put the link in the description box or not the link but the date in the description box of the cutoff of when this giveaway is going to be ended and when I'm going to be picking a wear because I don't exactly know the date I'm uploading this yet. But let me jump into what is inside the backpack. So what you're going to first get is just a basic white binder. This is probably the most boring thing but I got white because super neutral in unisex. Everything in this is unisex. I always try to do that because I know I have both male and female followers. So you're just going to get this one inch binder which is just a necessity, you know? And then I also got you just some college ruled paper to fill the binder with. And then I also decided that I was going to get you two folders. So this first one's like a little grid pattern, super simple and minimal. And then the second one is a little bit more of like an in-depth heavy duty folder. And it's just like this nice gray. This is such a pretty gray color actually. I love this. So two folders here that you're also going to be getting. So you're going to get this decomposition book which I think the pattern on this is just so cute. It's like a house in the woods. There's little trees on it. And this is just like a recycled notebook. So inside you can just like write or journal or whatever you want to do. But you're also going to be getting this notebook which is a bright idea six by eight ruled notebook. And it's just like an emoji notebook. So it's actually black. And then it has gold emojis on it. And then I also got you guys a new 2018-2019 planner which is like this really nice shade of blue. It's like a turquoise dark blue almost navy but not. And it's just like your basic planner where you can draw all of your things that you need to do down inside of it. So I got you a planner as well. Planners are expensive. This was like $14. Confused. Next up I got you this little canvas pouch that has stuff and things which I thought you can shove all the little things that I'm going to share like right after this. You can put it all in here if you want to. So it's not just like bouncing around your backpacks. This is like a little canvas pouch to put all your stuff in. And then everything else is just like random stuff. So I got you a really chic set of ballpoint pens. Like how cool are those? Rose gold. And then I got you a pack of pencils. These are called positive pencils and it just says like nice things on it. It says live life today, pursue pretty. Like there's lots of different little gold sayings on them but they're just white pencils like that. These are really nice pencils actually. And then I also got you my favorite pencils. Just the paper mate ones that are like the mechanical ones. These are my all time favorite.  And just a set of pens like this. Any little notebook from this local stationary company called shorthand which I think is so cute.  So you can like write notes to your friends or like make little hang tags or things. And it's also perforated as well. I just liked it all in all. And it was freaking you guys like, why do I do this? This is $11. Confused, but I love it. So yes, got that for you too. And then I also got you just a couple other little things, a little tiny swing line stapler like in yellow and gray. I thought it was so cute. So I got that. And then a couple of these, these saved my life. I love these the most. They're called little flags. And you can just put them on your notes on your inside of your books or whatever just to like flag.  I got these in my last one too. Like check this out. They are little tiny pugs in the form of a paper clip. You're going to get a hundred percent if you hang your stuff in with that. Like it's just already there. You already got it. Even if you didn't even do the work. A set of index cards because you all need a pack of index cards. And last but not least, I got this really cool ruler which I found out when I got home is actually a triangle shape. But that is a giveaway. I just wanted to give back one of my lucky subscribers a really nice little package of all of like these back to school supplies. And I wanted to make them extra trendy and extra fresh and good of course. So definitely enter if you want to. All of the rules for entering, I'm going to make sure to write in the description box below. So it's a little bit more clear. Thank you so much for watching and I hope you guys enjoyed and I will catch you in my next one. Bye guys.


Harry Styles is one of the biggest British pop stars as well as one of the richest trailing just behind Ed Sheeran. Recently, he was spotted vacationing with Adele who's almost unrecognizable but still looks great. Before you get excited about a new couple, the two have been friends for a year so I wouldn't make any assumptions. At the time of this recording, Harry is 25 years old and another thing the public has been making assumptions about lately is his sexuality. I guess laying low for a while and then coming back with some new music and wearing dresses or pearl earrings from time to time kinda threw fans off. When you strip people down to basic human instinct I think you get a lot of truth and a lot of natural reactions from people. In an interview with The Guardian addressing whether he's bisexual or not, he said, It's not a case of I'm not telling you cause I don't want to tell you. It's not ooh this is mine and it's not yours. It's who cares. Does that make sense? It's just who cares. So I guess that's all we know at the moment. The Harry has been rocking some cute nail polish. Harry has come a long way since being discovered on the X-Factor back in 2010 and being in the boy band which brought him fame one direction. Now he has over 25 million followers on Instagram and he's a singer, songwriter and actor. As you probably know, Harry's been a solo artist for some time now and his second album Fine Line released in 2019 actually broke the record of biggest sales debut from an English male artist in the US. And like I mentioned, Harry is one of the richest British pop stars at the moment. His estimated net worth is around $75 million. That being said, today we won't be talking about Harry's sexuality, personal life or any of that. Instead, we're gonna focus on the properties Harry spends all that money on. Hey guys, it's Kara and today we're doing a house tour here on Femus Entertainment. We're gonna see the places that Harry Styles calls home including the house he sold in LA, his mansions in London and give you all the details we can find. If you like these videos, make sure you're subscribed and ring that bell to be notified when we post so you can always be up to date. We've also done house tours on the likes of Taylor Swift and Lady Gaga and we'll have links to those at the end of this. Be sure to follow me on Instagram because I love connecting with you guys. I've also been reading all your comments and I'm gonna be responding to some at the end of this. I need you to let me know who to do next in the comments down below and whose home you'd like to see. Now let's get into this video. First off, just to get an idea, Harry's childhood home is located in homes Chapel, Cheshire and England. Looks like a nice but humble house. We also know he still goes back to visit his hometown pretty often, even up until this day. Now Harry still resides in England but in London, we'll show you where in just a bit. Harry also tried west coast living for a while and gave into Hollywood but that didn't last too long before he returned his roots. Harry purchased a gorgeous home in early 2016 and flipped it back on the market just a year later. The mansion was located in the Hollywood Hills in what was called the most prime section above the sunset strip. Even though he listed the home for almost 8.5 million, he couldn't sell it for that price despite the rentals he put into it. Harry lowered the price but it didn't end up selling until 2019 and by that time it was just over 6.2 million so he was at a loss. I'm surprised that Harry couldn't turn more of a profit on this place because it looked picture perfect. This Hollywood mansion was 4,401 square feet and had 4 beds and 6 baths. Some features of Harry's Hollywood home included a penthouse level master suite, a home movie theater, a fitness center, chef's kitchen, floor to ceiling windows in the living and dining area, and more. Of course the property was fully gated offering a ton of privacy, it's still amazing views of LA. Outside Harry's home there were a few terraces, one being on the roof with a fire pit as well as a beautiful pool and spa. Aside from that Hollywood Hills home Harry owned some other US real estate. Far far away from LA, Harry owned a penthouse in New York City. A few years back in 2017 it was reported that Harry quietly bought a unit at the celebrity-loved 443 Greenwich Street building. This building is in the Tribeca neighborhood of NYC and celebs like Justin Timberlake and Jessica Biel, Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds as well as Jennifer Lawrence also own apartments there. I'm pretty sure this was also the building that the weekend Mellahadid lived in when they were together in the Big Apple. Anyways, Harry bought this place for around 8.35 million and it has three bedrooms, 3.5 bathrooms, and spans just under 3,000 square feet. The building offers a ton of great features aside from the views of NYC like a gorgeous pool and extra security and privacy away from the paparazzi. Looking at the listing picks of Harry's NYC penthouse you can see that there are finishes like exposed beams and aged brass fixtures which are very Tribeca. I'm not sure how often Harry even stays in New York but at least when he does he has a gorgeous penthouse to call home. And it's just a few blocks away from his ex Taylor. So now let's look at Harry's real estate in his homeland of England. Back in 2012 Harry reportedly purchased his first London bachelor pad which he still owns as far as we know and back then they called it Harry's party palace.  The star paid almost 5 million US dollars for the large home located in the north London area of Hampstead Heath which at the time was a half urban neighborhood. Harry's first London property clocks in at 2,300 square feet and has four beds and three baths which are spread across three floors. There haven't been many photos of the place since Harry moved in but it was his first house purchase on his own. Prior to this London home Harry and his former one-direction bandmates were apparently renting a five-level unit at the Princess Park Manor. I guess Harry was ready for his own space by then. Another property Harry is set to own in London is a slight upgrade from his first purchase. In 2016 sources said that Harry had bought himself a pretty expensive birthday present a penthouse in one of England's more lavish development buildings. The Battersea power station is a redesigned and repurposed electricity plants and of course the condos they created in the building are one of a kind. It's located right on the River Thames so of course Harry has some gorgeous waterfront views. The Battersea buildings all have access to a private garden that resembles a London Square and each singular home has their own winter garden or terrace as well. We don't know many details about Harry's penthouse but we do know that he paid an estimated 28 million for the place so you can guess that it's huge. So if you think that with a 28 million dollar London penthouse under his belt that Harry wouldn't need another place you'd be wrong. In recent news Harry's updated his London real estate portfolio yet again dropping almost 10.5 million US on a Georgian style semi home. This pad is definitely mansion sized complete with five bedrooms and plenty of space. This latest investment does look slightly outdated from the listing photos but I'm sure Harry plans on remodeling the home to fit his taste like he's done in the past. At the moment the furnishings are Liberace inspired and many of the rooms give out a homely vibe. Harry's new London mansion has a white stucco design and the previous owners decorated much of the interior in a faux Regency style with a ton of chandeliers and similar dramatic fixings. The grand sitting room which we'd probably just call the living room offers floor to ceiling windows and leads into the large dining room. You'll also see the curved staircase which takes you to all of the first floor bedrooms in the home. Harry's new multi-million dollar London home seems bigger and more mature than his first house or the party pad which he still owns. However the houses are reportedly close and distant so I'm guessing Harry's a fan of the neighborhood. Some other features of Harry's new London mansion include a home movie theater and games room in the basement. Outside there's a big garage for all of his cars as well as completely private outdoor parking. Hopefully once Harry redesigns the place a little bit more in his style we'll be able to get a better glimpse at it because from some of those online photos it looks like a grandma's house. So unfortunately there aren't more pictures I could find of Mr. Stiles' homes especially for his new one in London. Although Harry hasn't always had the best look in real estate considering he lost a couple million selling his LA house he still made some good investments. I guess Harry doesn't like Hollywood as much as some other celebs because despite the gorgeous house he owned there he didn't live in it very long. Most of his homes that we know about remain in England and he still loves to go back to his hometown too. As far as we know Harry owns a luxury penthouse in NYC while the rest of his spots are in London. I would assume he's been staying at his latest 10 million dollar London mansion he bought last year since I also heard he rents out his original home from time to time. After seeing a little bit of each of Harry's property which one was your fave? From what I've seen his Hollywood Hills home was the most my style and I'm sure his new London mansion is beautiful too. Okay guys now I'll be reading some comments out from previous videos. On our Cardi B and Offset updated house tour we did for their new mansion in Atlanta. T said oh my lord Cardi this is gorgeous. I agreed T I feel like it's a mansion fit for a king and queen. Finally they found a place that they love. Someone also commented saying we should do a video when it's furnished and I totally will because I can't wait to see what Cardi will do with the place. On our Lady Gaga house tour Debbie M said thank you for posting I enjoyed the video. The homes are beautiful she worked so hard and has natural talent to get where she is today. I couldn't agree more Debbie Lady Gaga is one of my favorite artists out there and I love how she isn't afraid to be herself too.  Alright guys that's all I could find on the places Harry Styles calls home. It's clear the man loves his homeland of England much better than the US. What did you guys think about Harry's homes or his new 10 million dollar mansion in London? Be sure to let me know in the comments or if I missed anything and tell me some other celebrity houses you'd like to see. I'm thinking maybe Shawn Mendes or Chris Brown. Follow me on Instagram if you want to chat more and I'll see you next time with some more videos. Bye!


Strength of a woman, welcome back to why in the morning as I just said in this particular segment we look at strength of a woman. My name is Michelle Ashira and in this particular session we definitely celebrate women who are doing impactful things in the society. So women have played important roles and community building since the dawn of time. We are known as naturals and when it comes to people who are outspoken leaders such as a member of national assembly, we have the president of Tanzania, so many more. So we ask in ways to strike that balance, the almighty work life balance. I'm joined by, listen to this, Pastor Helen Anjero. She is a business lady, she is a mother, she is a wife, yes, so the list goes on and on. Have I missed out on anything? I feel those are different roles that you're playing. Yes. Have I missed out on anything? Yeah. I'm fostering a new church, a young church that is coming up well and we thank God for everything. Amazing. You look fabulous. Wow, we thank God, it's by the grace of God. So what came first for you? Was it ministry or the business aspect of it? Or family? Family came first and it is the will of God for the family to come first. Business matters, you want to venture in other areas in life, your family comes first. So my family came first and after that I got into business and now the ministry came in. But currently I take my family as the first priority, then ministry, then business. Alright, when you speak about business, what sort of business are you into? When you speak about business, what sort of business are you into? Oh wow. I'm in lending industry and we deal with financing. Maybe if someone can be having an emergency, we always sort it out. Fantastic. So even after this, we're going to talk about business. You have to come here on Tuesday. Oh yes. Tuesday is entrepreneurship Tuesday. We celebrate startups as well, businesses that have been there for a long period of time, so you have to come on Tuesday as well so that we can look into what you actually do in business in details. Alright, so for how long have you been in operation? I've been in business for six years now, but as an employee, trusting gone for my own company. Fantastic. Yeah, that's what I've been going for. What does work-life balance mean to you? Right. As a pastor, as a mother, as a wife, as a pastor to someone, sometimes it can be overwhelming, but the grace of God keeps us moving. On how to balance the numerous activities that go, it takes a courage of a woman. It needs strength of a woman, a woman who understands her tomorrow. No one knows at the end of the day where do I want to be, otherwise it doesn't just happen. It needs someone to take responsibilities, and right now this morning I'm talking to a woman who is just overwhelmed, who is feeling that, oh, this is too much, can you stop complaining? Just take responsibility. It is doable. I've done it, and I'm still in it. Hey. Yeah. We have already started on a very high note. Thank God. Okay. You've seen something that is quite interesting, you've seen it's possible, but someone who's watching this, they wonder, how do we do it? Right? How do we do it? How do we strike that balance?  At the end of the day, your goal will make you remain focused.  You need to make them feel that they have a pastor. Your kids needs to feel that they have a mother. Your husband needs to feel I have a wife.  He needs to feel that he or she needs to feel that I have a responsible employee. Yeah. All right.  So for someone who's watching this and they are wondering, but my life is okay, you know, a workaholic don't even see this, there's an issue going on, so how important is it to strike that balance, yeah? How important is it? It is very important because you also need to be mentally okay, because when you don't, when one balance weighs you down, actually you cannot perform to the maximum, therefore there is that need to work out your balance right, so that you know when to work, you can be at work maybe the whole day, maybe the whole week, but at some point, maybe after two or three months, one or two months, actually maximum two months, take a vacation, spend with your family so that they may feel that they, you are who you are, you are who they want you to be, yeah, it's very important. So last, it's last year when COVID-19, global pandemic actually hit and we went on a recession and most people who are laid off, people right now are really trying to work hard, probably you are working hard for your duties of like two people, because they're trying to secure this job, so let's look at key and like detailed steps to take, we have looked at the aspect of creating time for leisure, let's look at other steps that we can make, even in the space of chaos trying to make ends meet, you know, workaholics out there, so let's look at other steps apart from leisure that we can take just to make sure that we stay sane. Some of the steps that we can make is by creating sacrificial time, that is if you were to report to work at 8, just create some more time, be there, maybe at 7, by 7 or even 6.30, that way you'll have a room to do something extra, because sure, life is not that easy and it was not easy, it's not becoming easy anytime soon, any woman must get stronger, you've got to be stronger than yesterday, that's all I can tell them, because sacrificing means that umenji ni makitu, umenji ni makitu ndi wo party, and this is what is all about. And I feel like that's even how you value more what you get, because you know, you're putting the work of sacrifice. Yeah, so those things must be put into place, but you can't just get extraordinary results by doing extra things, extraordinary things, you need to surpass the expectation for you to get supernatural results. Ah, passi. Yes. But passi kuna situi ni ini ni. That's the idea. Kuna boundaries, kuna tem, you know, there is work and then there is your personal life. So how do you even communicate boundaries?   So how do you communicate those boundaries? You just need to, I believe the backbone of every successful life is communication. Communication is the backbone. And now what happens, even my boss knows that I'm here, in fact I've told them I'm here. And there was a shielded meeting by it, but I had to abscond with the reason I communicated. So communication is very important.  It talks more about you. So we know that you're married, you do this and that. And therefore they have to take care of that. Or even if they go to Waki Sahauna or Kumbusha, just communicate. Yeah, you communicate. So I may be single out here and they know it. So if you have the obligations and duties, they'll be looking out for, you know, like if it's Michelle, they'll be looking out for Michelle. Michelle can do this because, you know, she has no responsibilities. So you communicate regardless. You communicate in advance. Okay. So there has been a phrase that has been thrown out there from day kids to day kids, which is works matter not hard, works much not hard. What does that entail for you? Oh, to me, working smarter and not harder means that I, to me, I only need to do my simple part that is to be there, doing the right thing. Because I believe what God told Jeremiah, Jeremiah 1 verse 5, that he knew him before he was formed in his mother's womb. He had appointed him to be a prophet to the nations. And therefore everything that we do, my dear, it is directly wired to our destiny. So any time I wake up in the morning, God knows who is mine. So I only need to position myself right to receive it. You don't need to work harder.  Come and be there. The Lord is going to take care of the rest. Okay. Yeah. Okay. I understand you, but how do you position yourself? Positioning yourself is being at the right place at the right time. How do you know it is the right time and it's the right place? That's how I will be watching this. And then I'll be like, how do I know that I am supposed to be at a particular point A, B, C and D so that my success can happen so that I can get that job, even I can get that promotion? To me, I think it works differently. Anytime that I feel, anytime that anything is about to happen to my life, it doesn't catch me off. I always have that feeling. Oh, the intuition? Yeah. So the Holy Spirit of God helps us to do this, the listening spirit. The Lord should direct you to where a viable client is. Not just throwing the fists all over the ear. No. Because you can be all over, but not to be anywhere at the end of the day. Ah, it's more quality than quantity or being more productive. Yeah. And just making sure that things are getting done. Yes. So apart from just the supernatural aspect of it, whereby God is very much involved, I believe he's always involved, about what kind of measures can people take when it comes to probably if you're looking for a together promotion at workplace, or if you're looking forward to you know, seeking out for a job or starting your own business. What are those generic things that they can do and steps they can make? In my life, I've learned something which is currently helping me in every field of my life. I'm looking to a certain person or certain people who have made it ahead of me. So I don't just go and begin anything. I don't just go and seek for a fact or even begin a business without enough information. So the best thing one can do is seeking information from the people who are ahead of you in that area. That one will help a lot. But in your life, has there been a time where you felt I can't do this anymore? It's too much. There is ministry. There is family. There is the aspect of you running a business. So have you ever felt like I can do it? And what happened? Yeah. In fact, severally, you just find yourself in those situations. This one is too much. You can't handle it anymore. You can't even move an inch. They happens. But the best thing about it is that you've got faith in God. You only need to tell God, strengthen me once again. Yes, renew my strength. Because at times, you don't need to do much for your strength to fail. You only need to do what you are supposed to do for you to get tired. And therefore, when you do what you are supposed to do, you feel that your strength is failing you. At that moment, and that juncture, tell the Lord, renew my strength to keep on moving. Because at the end of the day, through what you do, you mentor somebody. Through what you do, your children are learning. So you've got to keep moving. You must keep moving. Yeah. You have to keep moving. Yes. All right. Let's look at chronic stress and the superwoman syndrome. I'm telling you, I'll still refer to my friends. I hope you'll still be friends after this. There's the superwoman syndrome whereby you want to take over everything. You're overworking yourself. You're doing over and above. Because probably you love your job and that is a good thing. But it gets to a point whereby you'll be exhausted. There's the issue of stress now. You bring stress from work to back to home. And then there's trouble in paradise when relationship is involved. What particular time do you ask for help? Oh my. Many of the times you need to seek for help.  Because the people who have gone ahead of you have been at some point where you are, but you've never gone there. Sure. Even in relationships, even in that business, even in that ministry, you need somebody like Ambaia Ametangulia. He or she can help. He or she can help. And therefore these people, all in directly, want to help. They do help. And therefore doing a lot doesn't necessarily mean success. You should have a limit. You can't be everywhere, every time, and expect to have something. But you need to be a superwoman in your line of calling. There is that something, one thing, that the Lord has ordained for you. In fact, God has not called you to be everywhere. He has called you to be somewhere. And you can only progress in that field, not in every field. Leave the rest to the others. But be in that line. Run your own race, and the Lord is going to promote you in that line. Not every line. You cannot be everywhere. You'll get exhausted.  Then we take you down six feet down. And we'll be sad. And we'll be sad as well. We'll simply try and get everything done. We'll just try to move on. People will still talk, and life will continue. Be somebody, not everybody. I like that. What are the other ways that guys can manage stress? Stress management. Communication. Communication is very important. And learning to have rest. In fact, instead of quitting, even in that marriage, instead of quitting, take a break. Am I communicating? Take a break. In that business, instead of quitting and causing mayhem here and there, just run to take rest. Rest is very important. Communication is very important. In that relationship, maybe you're feeling that, oh my, if you don't care, maybe I can only kill somebody. Just take a break. Yeah, just take a break. Out of that house, go. Out of this country, just fly. And then you will come back. I like what you said, which is take a break. Because when you listen to these stories from prison of women or men who did something out of anger, that just happened. It's not worth it. Oh yes. And if you listen to them give the story, they're saying that they just don't know how it happened. They don't. Because they reacted on an emotion. But they didn't take a laid back seat and just think things through, be logic. Is it worth it? I like what you said. I literally like that.  Is your partner supportive in all this? Because I feel like at the end of the day, you cannot do this on your own. Very true. So is your partner supportive and what other ways are you doing just to stay afloat and balanced? All right. To begin with, I have a very supportive partner and I thank God for him. He's watching Anthony Motahi. May the Lord bless you so much. You've been very supportive to my life. After coming in behind the curtain, you've been doing it perfectly and I thank God for you. For you to, maybe, to achieve to your maximum in any field. You need support in all those fields. Right now, any time I talk and say, I'm a child, I'm a child, my children cannot go to sleep. Until mommy comes. At the time, I'm not going to sleep. Because Mondays, Wednesdays, I go to church. And I talk on Wednesdays, Saturdays. So I'm getting at home is past nine. But they are there. I go home, but they hug me. Mom, welcome. You know, I feel the weight is down. It has been lifted off my shoulders. So you need those supportive elements in all the fields. When it comes to work, my bosses have just replaced who I am. I have a service for the staff every Friday. And they appreciate who you are. It changes you to produce more, to become better in your field. So those things are better. In my people who are watching, Jesus Victory Center, Kawanguare, you are just amazing. I appreciate who you are. Your pastor just need to say, what can we do? And you do it perfectly, without questions. God bless you. You are so nice. They are so nice. I only need to say, how you do it, I can't explain. The way you do it, where you get money, only God knows. May the Lord bless you. So for the people who are married to their work. And yet they have a family. I'm not sure if this happened to you. Did you always have this balance when studying? Or if you'll tell us that. But for the people who are married to their work, and yet they have a family. What sort of challenges do they encounter? If you don't balance your work and the family well. Of course you lose your family. You just create that distance. You have a long distance and you have a long life. But remember, after work there is the family. And the family is the backbone of life. So you can't drive in business. You can't drive in ministry without a family. So to them that are just married to their work. Please, it's the high time you balance that too. Your family means you.  If you are a nince you, know how to balance. Right. Speaking about how to balance. Let's look at a couple of myths about work like balance. And what we should do instead. So this is the time we are looking at the myths. So I will go through some of them. And then you will explain further. And you tell us why it is a myth. Alright. So let's start off with what we have been mentioning. From the time we started this conversation. Which is the work of life balance. So here is the first myth apparently. That it's actually about achieving balance. When it comes to work. And I don't know if we started this conversation. I had mentioned that I feel like, especially those who have interacted with most of the entrepreneurs young in that matter. And they are always not being able to just balance the aspect of work and life. They are always working on the go. Even if they go home. Because now technology, you can reply to an email through your phone. So is it possible to achieve that balance? It is very possible. When you realize what is in it. Of you? It is very possible. Yeah. But the fact that your work can bleed into your life. You can be at home. But you have a client to meet. That you have to actually even meet this client so that a deal can go through. I'm back at home. And there is ease of technology. So is it possible? It is very possible. Very possible. In fact, at some time you will be able to understand. But you only need to make your customer know the truth. And understand. Let them all understand. And right now we don't have to meet physically. If it is all about the documents I will scan for you. Sign, then scan back to me. Zoom meetings. Zoom meetings. Everything is easy. The technology has made it easy for us. You know? Physical meetings. Okay. Not necessarily. Okay. Here it is. Meet number two. That life needs to be compartmentalized. Which says, another myth is that we need to compartmentalize life. For some of us that means an even 50-50 split. Where we spend half of our time at work. And the other at home. So for others, it's dividing our days into eight, eight, eight hour blocks. Again. Oh wow. What is the matter? You sleep. Sleep eight hours. And then eight hours work. Okay. That is your work. And then the other eight hours, leisure time. Friends. Family. Let's go for vacation. Pasi kuna eight time. Ten or two. Yeah. You have. You're chasing the bug. You're looking for the money. You have to cut down on your time frame of eight hours where you're probably sleeping. Even the eight hours that you're supposed to spend with family and friends. And you're thinking, by the way, if this deal works, things are going to go well. I'm going to take a vacation and we're going to spend quality time with my family and friends. Up and compensate. So is it that we work with this analogy that is just 50-50? Or do we work with what works best for us and also priorities? No. I think the analogy might be maybe right to some people. But I prefer that we work with what works best for you. Not for me, but for you. Yeah. Are you achieve the maximum results? Yes. Do you believe that we can have it all? Ah, it depends. Not really. But the contentment is the key. Yeah. You can't have it all. All right. The other myth is here. They say time management is the answer. So here it is. I'm all for the time management. Okay. So at the same time, it's an outdated concept. Most of the time management techniques we put on at a pedestal were created before we were connected to 24-7. So I wish I could completely unplug to free me of destruction or unwind. So the reality is that as a business owner, something I was talking about, I can go completely off the grind. To counter this, you have to be selective with how you spend your time. That means spending your energy on the right actions at the right time. Very true. Spending your energy on the right actions at the right time. That's the key. You need to choose that. Okay. It's more of time management than maybe spending your time well.  As I began by saying you need to position yourself right in any field. If maximum results won't be available. Therefore, what I mean is that spending your time well maybe priorities will help you to achieve in life. Priorities. You fall back to priorities. What matters to you? What matters to you? Because what matters to you is not what matters to me. Very true. We have to prioritize things. Okay. Let's go to the other myth. The other myth is about work-life balance. It's that the early bird catches the worm. Okay. We've all had this. I wake up at 5.15 a.m. So a lot of successful people do. The idea is that if you're up early, you have more times to get things done. As a result, you'll have more time to enjoy the fruits of your labor. But that doesn't work for everyone. Some people are more productive at night. Also, whether you realize it or not, you're adding more work hours to your day. Yeah. I'm to that. 100%. 100%. Because most of the time, I work at 6. Yeah. I work at 6 p.m. So I work at 5 p.m. Every day. Every other day. And then there's also aspect here. Also realizing what works for you again. Because there are people who are about waking up early. They're not morning persons, morning people. They're people working at late hours. So I feel like it's understanding where you belong. Because you can wake up in the morning, very early in the morning, and still do nothing. Very true. So it's just realizing, you don't have to go to work early. That's the thing. Okay. Again, because being lazy, nothing can come along your way when you become lazy. Even the Bible says, if you don't work, don't eat. So you cannot just sleep and expect work to be done. You've got to wake up early and do something for yourself. Okay. All right. Let's look into another myth when it comes to work-life balance. So we have, you never have to work during off hours. So perhaps the leading argument for work-life balance is that you never have to work during off hours. Okay. So entrepreneurs don't always have that luxury. Wow. Those people got, most of them got vacations. They don't just have leisure time because even meeting them, you know, I have several of them as business partners. You don't just find them. They are just rare materials to find because their shame users are always fixed, very busy. And therefore, it depends. It really depends with your priorities also. All right. So we have people who always want to schedule everything. Okay. So here's another myth when it comes to work-life balance. They say that everything has to be scheduled. So essential tasks and appointment always go into my calendar. But that doesn't mean you have to schedule your entire life literally. It's unrealistic and adds more stress to your already hectic life. And here's what they say that. So when you're trying to organize yourself, putting everything on the calendar, don't overdo it. Live blank space so that you can grab coffee with family and friends. But then another article of research when it comes to work-life balance. Yeah, at some point, I'm just happy that you've put it because you need to plan your tomorrow before it begins. What I'm doing today, I didn't wake up and just find myself here. It was a schedule. And after this, I know where I'm going, what I need to do. And therefore, scheduling events in life is very important. Know what you want to do. Just have that program. Tomorrow I need to wake up at this time, pray, ring the one of God, do this and that and that. And make sure you achieve. Don't just shed you. Just achieve. Make sure you do one thing at a time. If you have a tic, when you do that, tic so that you know what you haven't achieved for the day. That one will bring fantastic results. Great. So, this is schedule. The important things. The things that matters to you for that day. Okay. Great. So, those are the myths. You can actually find them on our research. The research is from an article from entrepreneurs.com when it comes to work-life balance. And is it possible or is it you have to just integrate your personal life and which your work and we appreciate that a lot. So, let's move on to another space as we wind up. I'd like to find out what keeps you sane and grounded. Yes. What keeps you sane and grounded in the midst of everything that you do? Oh, that is my calling. That is who I am in the Lord. My life purpose. It keeps me on the ground. And the story of the two women in the Bible also keeps me changed every day. This is Deborah Engile in the book of Judges. Judges chapter 4 and 5 will meet these two ladies who are very strong during the time of Israel. And you find that they did what women could not do. They did extraordinary things. So whenever I read about these two women and another woman also called Zipporah, I remember Zipporah circumcised the sun to save the life of the husband, Moses. So Zipporah couldn't do something that a woman was not supposed to do. And when you read these stories, they put you in a position and they just tell you that you are able, you are equally capable to do extra things that other women are not doing. So the stories in the Bible concerning these specific women who are in charge and I find them extraordinary. Every day I feel like Helen you need to do something that you have never done. Every day of my life I always long to do something that I have never done. I have to appear somewhere in the books of Chronicles, somewhere. Oh yes, before Jesus comes I have to do something. That my generation will be reading. Fantastic. So how can people reach out to you if they want to keep this conversation going? If they want to know about Pasta Helen, if they want to understand more about work-life balance, how can they reach out to you? You can reach out to me via my phone number, direct contact 0716 0716 586 445 I repeat again 0716 586 445 Pasta Helen. Oreos you can just visit us every Wednesday and every Sunday at Jesus Victory Center Kawangware just opposite Kawangware primary. When you are just there give me a call and we will worship going together. Number three, you can reach out to me at Alohita Street, Upsa Plaza 11th floor. Alohita Street, Upsa Plaza 11th floor, CBD. Alright, thank you very much Pasta Helen for creating time to be with us. Thank you. For helping us, you know, dissect in this discussion when it comes to work-life balance, we appreciate that. Before we wind up, I want to talk to a woman who is watching or even listening to us. Please do, please do. Country, don't throw in towels. You are equally capable to do supernatural things. There is an untapped strength of a woman that they learned as depositant in your life. There is time that you just take responsibility, just raise up, just see mama to marry you.   But if we move, the Lord abbreviate their steps. So, erase your time, just rise as a woman. You can do extraordinary things. Cheers.  What's the new jump that you have? Because you're also an artist. I don't know how we moved on that. I also do music. Yes. I got two albums and maybe next time. Yes. You will come and launch your next. You have to launch your next song here. If you feel that you need to reach out to me, I have a good stuff to tell you. To give to you for free. You don't have to pay anything for free. Just call me, just reach out to me and we shall come back here to celebrate the power of our man. Number 0716-586-445 0716-586-445 Thank you very much, Pastor Helen, for coming through and having this discussion on work-life balance. We appreciate you. Alright, so that is Pastor Helen Juru from Jesus Victory Center. We were looking at most definitely how to balance work and your life because it's important. So it is possible to have a successful professional career and a fulfilling personal life as we have had from this conversation. And this is, we have come to the end of Strength of a Woman. I hope that you have learnt a couple of things and on how to maintain that balance. At Y244 Channel, you can find us across all our social media handles. At Michelle Ashira, you can find me across all my social. Kaisi is already in the building. He is coming through with gas stock. So make sure you stay tuned.


Lung cancer is one of the common cancers in India, especially elderly males and a large number of deaths are caused due to this cancer in our country. Smoking is the main reason for lung cancer, I can say almost in 70% of the cases. But there are some cases which occur in young people, non-smokers and ladies. These cases are due to mutation in the cells. So common symptoms of lung cancer include cough, breathing difficulty, chest pain, blood in the sputum. But the point is that these symptoms can occur because of any other diseases too. So hence many a times the diagnosis of lung cancer is delayed thinking that these common symptoms are due to some other illnesses. So how do we diagnose it? So diagnosis includes sputum testing, CT scan of the chest and something called as biopsy. So we do get the tumor tissue by something called as bronchoscopic biopsy or CT guided biopsy. Once the biopsy of the tumor tissue is done, we get to know what type of cancer it is. So basically there are three types of lung cancer, that is erinocarsanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma and each are treated a little differently. Once we have determined the stage of the cancer by doing the relevant scans, then we proceed to the treatment. Stage 1 and 2 are usually managed by surgery and sometimes chemotherapy may be given after surgery and these patients can be cured. Stage 3 are usually managed by a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy and these patients also can be cured many a times. Stage 4 lung cancer is the one which has spread to other parts of the body and it has caused fluid in the plural cavity. So we call this plural efficient. These patients are not curable but we can give treatment which can improve their quality of life and the survival. Stage 4 patients are treated by chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy sometimes. In stage 4 lung cancer patients we do something called as mutation testing on the biopsy tissue to find out some mutations like EGFR, ALG, ROS. So basically these mutations are found in the tumour tissue then we can treat this particular mutation. It is seen that the cancers which have got mutation and if you give up the particular therapy which you call as targeted therapy, these patients do well, they survive long with a better quality of life. In the present scenario patients who are having mutation positive survive an average of 3 to 4 years. Immunotherapy for lung cancer has also made a lot of difference in stage 4 lung cancer patients and there are a particular subset of patients who do well with immunotherapy and can live long. The point is that stage 4 lung cancer patients can be treated, they have got many treatment options available these days and they can survive long with a good quality of life.