Namaste and welcome back to the video course on Watershed Management. In module number 10, lecture number 39, today we will discuss about water recycling. So, some of the important topics covered in today's lecturing route, water recycling uses, benefits, water management solutions, water recycling treatments, primary treatments, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment, conventional and modern techniques. We wait for today's lecture, water recycling and wastewater treatments. So, as we were discussing in the last lecture, so this water conservation is very important as far as the water management in a watershed basis, in a watershed is considered or in a in a in a district or in a city is considered we have to look say which way we can go for water conservation. So, that is one aspect, the conservation is one aspect and then still we may have a lot of water stress or say water scarcity in many areas. So, then especially in urban areas say where say we need a huge amount of water for say domestic, industrial and other purposes, but availability is much much less. So, there say other than water conservation, I mean by reducing the amount of use of water and the most efficient way utilization, so that is what as we discussed in the last lecture about the water conservation. But say especially in urban areas we can go for water recycling, so water recycling is mainly say we can give some treatment to the to the wastewater or the effluents generated from the particular domestic or the industrial or whichever sector we consider and then say we can use for other purposes. So, that is the the in a general way what we can define as water recycling. So, other than water conservation we have to go for water recycling, so that the water stress or the non away between water we can sort it out in certain a certain way. So, when we discuss about the water recycling, so as I mentioned water recycling is reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposes such as agricultural and landscape irrigation, sewer processes, toilet flushing and groundwater recharge. So, that way say for example, if you consider a domestic purposes consent, if this is a residential building then we can see that the the water coming from the the the sinks we can separate it and then give some treatment like a same preliminary or primary treatment and then we can directly use for say irrigation like this and then say for example, the water coming from the toilet source we can do some kinds of it can pass through a safety tanga or it can be given some treatment and then directly use for other purposes. So, that way say a common type of recycled water is water that has been reclaimed from say the wastewater or sewage. So, it can be say either from the industrial sources or it can be from the domestic sources or as such the the municipal wastewater. So, as we can see that when we look into the hydraulic cycle actually the nature is also doing the same. So, through the natural water cycle the earth has recycled and reused the water for say millions of millions of years. So, the the the water is coming as precipitation and then it goes through a the hydraulic cycle and finally, it is evaporated and then finally, again coming back as as rainfall. So, the nature is also doing in one way or another way of natural water recycling. But say say as far as the the in terms of water recycling here what we are discussing is what way we can say give some treatment and reuse for various purposes either for agricultural industrial domestic or other kinds of purposes. So, that is the in terms of water recycling. So, when we look into water recycling so, we can see that when we critically analyze the water recycling. So, actually it offers the the resources as water as a resource and then that way we can see that lot of financial savings we can obtain through the the the water recycling. So, the advantage is that the wastewater treatment say we can tailor made to meet the water quality requirements of planned reuse. So, say for example, if we are going to use the wastewater for say say irrigation or the agricultural purposes. So, it may be we do not have to give for complete treatment may be a preliminary or primary treatment or secondary treatment may be sufficient depending upon the quality of the the wastewater. So, then say recycled water for landscape irrigation say for example, it requires less treatments than recycled water for say for a domestic or drinking purposes. So, if we are planning to say for example, drinking then we have to go for ender cycles of treatment like preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment and even same reverse osmosis or that kind of treatment is required if we are going to use for drinking. But for other purposes like an irrigation or the the industrial reuses that way we do not have to give that much treatment. So, that way we can see that we can save water. So, that way we get the financial savings and then also we can reduce the the amount of wastewater to be treated for various purposes. So, that way when we look into water recycling. So, water is sometimes recycled and reused on site. So, that means, say in an industrial site there itself we can simply same same give some treatments and directly utilize. So, industrial facility recycles water for cooling processes and then another type of the recycled water is water that can be reclaimed from municipal wastewater or sewage. So, we can see that as far as the municipal wastewater is concerned the the water the wastewater is collected from various sources and then the the it will be totally heterogeneous type of wastewater and then again that also we can give some treatments and then say reuse. So, that way we can see that grey water or grey water is say a reusable wastewater from residential, commercial and industrial bathroom, ceings, bath bath tub, shower drains, cloth washing, equipment drains etcetera. So, the the wastewater we can collect from various sources and then actually when we deal with the municipal wastewater it will be mix of many of these things and then we have to give appropriate treatments before we reuse for the intended purposes. So, grey water say reused on site say for example, for landscape irrigation like that. So, that way when we look into water recycling say say it depends upon the the the quality of the wastewater and then say what grade of treatment we have to give to that wastewater and then what purpose we are going to use that treated water. So, accordingly say we have to give appropriate treatments and then appropriate use we have to identify as far as the the wastewater is concerned. So, when we look into literature we can see that the recycled water we can use for different purposes. So, even though with say complete set of treatment starting from primary, secondary to tertiary and treatment like say ultraviolet or the reverse osmosis type of treatment we can use for portable purposes. So, what we say when we look into literature we can see that the recycled water is very rarely used for portable purposes only say in some cases they are totally fresh water is not at all available. So, we can see that the the recycled water is not not generally used for portable purposes, but used for non-portable purposes. So, some of the important non-portable purposes here I have a listed like agricultural. So, we can use for irrigation. So, only thing is that if say the particular product we are directly using for the consumption human consumption or the say raw weightables like that then we have to give a say better treatment as far as the wastewater is concerned otherwise there is possibility of contamination even of the weightables or fruits. So, that way depending upon the the purpose of irrigation we can give appropriate treatments. So, agriculture, landscape, public parks, golf course irrigation, cooling water for power plants and oil refineries, then processing water for mills plants, then the the recycled water can be used for toilet flushing. Then we can use the recycled water for dust control, construction activities, cone gate mixing, then we can have artificial lakes by using the the recycled water. And then say as I mentioned if we are going to use for portable purpose we have to give appropriate treatment to the the wastewater. So, say nowadays in some of the arid and semi arid regions the recycled water is used to recharge groundwater aquifers and then augmenting surface water is for reservoirs. But this is after going through a series of treatment to the the wastewater, so that a good quality recycled water is obtained and that can be used for say even to recharge groundwater aquifers or augment the surface water reservoirs. So, that way when we look into the the the recycling processes. So, as I mentioned we have to see say the the grade of the wastewater and then we have to see what kind of treatments we have to give and then what is our intended purpose of the the recycled water. So, now within this perspective let us look what are the important benefits as far as water recycling is concerned. So, some of the important benefits I have listed here, so like reduction of treated waste water discharge to sensitive or impaired surface waters, then reduction of imported water and avoided cause associated with the importing water. So, we can say recycle the water give appropriate treatment, so that we do not have to import water for various purposes. Then environmental benefits, so that way we can see that when we are not using the fresh water we are giving appropriate treatment to the wastewater and then we are reusing it. Then we can see that we can achieve sustainable water resource management as far as the the environment is concerned. Then recycled water can also be used to create or enhanced wetlands and riparian habitats. So, we can however say use this wastewater treated recycled wastewater say especially to recycle water to wetlands, we can discharge wetlands and then that can be that say some way of cleaning process will be taking place within the wetlands itself. Then conservation of other resources besides water like say we can remove chromium from a leather industry, then reuse at little extract was so only some say depending upon the use say for example, the water which we are use going to use for flushing in domestic sector or the water we are using for cooling purposes, so we do not need a very high quality water. So, that way with some minimum treatments we can use the water again, so that way we can reuse at little extract was. Then savings on water abstraction course, so say if we can reuse the wastewater or the recycled water, then we can see that instead of pumping water from the deeper aquifer systems, so we can save cost of abstraction or the cost of the power cost we can reduce. So, then reduce dependence of vagaries of river flows and then gaining tax advantages in irid and designated zones, then reduction in effluent discharge volume. So, when we are say when we are treating the wastewater and then when we are using the recycled water actually we are reducing the volume of the wastewater. So, that way the say before discharging this effluent to the river or a lake, so then we do not have to we will not have much volume that we have to give appropriate treatment. So, that way we can reduce the effluent that which is to be discharged say to rivers, lakes or the sea. So, these are some of the important benefits as far as water recycling is a consens. So, now say within this perspective, so we were discussing about what is say water recycling and then how we have to do these and then what are its benefits like that. So, now when we look into overall water management solutions say within a watershed or within a particular area or within a within an urban environment is consens, say we can go for various solutions. So, here let us discuss say what are the possible solutions, so water management solutions. So, as I mentioned earlier, so we have got water stress, so that we can indicate in terms of water stress index. So, actually this is an annual renewable water resource per capita that are available to meets needs for domestic, industrial, agriculture and other purposes. So, say we can come up with an index called water stress index for the particular area based upon the availability of water based upon the various uses. So, depending upon the supply and demand we can come up with a water stress index. So, this is one of the commonly used approach to evaluate water availability. So, as we were discussing earlier also about toothed out of the world population will be under moderate to high water stress according to the projection that to predict in 2025. And then 50 percent of the population will face constraints as far as water supply is concerned. So, that way this water recycling is say one important solution that we can look into. So, when we look into water management solutions say within the perspective water stress index we can have say we can go for water say water management solutions are concerned we can go for surface water management solutions, drainage and waste water management solutions, polluted water management and water recycling management. So, like that we can classify into four as far as water management solutions as far as a particular watershed or particular area is concerned. So, now if you look into surface water management solutions so that what we are trying to do is say with respect to the available surface water say in terms of say water available in a particular area or particular watershed or particular urban area say in terms of water available in lakes rivers or the ponds or water surface water available. So, we have to give appropriate treatment say and then use so for the or the we go for beneficial use. So, that way some of the things what are generally used to give appropriate treatment for surface water in good modular water storage units, permeable geotextiles, silt traps, vortex flow controls. So, modular water storage units means say we can have systems like a poly storm from poly pipe light weight cells with a high void ratio. So, applications include rain water, soak waste or storm water attenuation. So, this we can say we can give appropriate treatment for rain water or the storm water and then we can use for various purposes. Then as far as permeable geotextiles are concerned this is in conjunction with a modular storage units say just like rain water, soak waste then tap and wrap package for self installation for low risk areas like that. And then third one is especially used for storm water system silt traps. So, here we intercept to the silt and the small objects from water drainage systems then situated upstream of the modular water storage units. So, that is say what how we can use silt traps. Then vortex flow controls so, this is used with the storm water attenuation system to ensure continue to ensure optimum designated water flow rates at discharge outlet by utilizing an internal vortex makes them more efficient. So, like that same available same from rain water or storm water as a surface water source we can give appropriate treatments and that recycled water we can use for the particular use like either domestic or the agricultural or other industrial purposes. Then now second one is drainage and wastewater management. So, here say the water say which we are draining that we are trying to use effectively. So, we can have pumping stations say for example, for small applications like in packaged tank and pump systems designed to lift small quantities of wastewater to reach existing drain or sewer. Then we can have pumping stations say for example, for large applications like a packaged chamber and pump systems to lift large quantities of wastewater to reach existing drain or sewer. Then sewage treatment plants like designed for use where safety tank is either impractical and a connection to the main sewer is impossible. Then we can have systems like a grease traps and separators were primarily used in catering and commercial premises then to prevent vast amounts of grease and animal fats and oils from entering and solidifying in the drainage systems. So, what we are trying to say these are various systems which we can use say as a drainage water. So, the drained water we can directly say after through this treatment we can use for as a various purposes say recycled water. And then third solution is polluted water management solution. So, here say we are we are we can have bypass separators like designed to intercept oil petrol and silt from lightly contaminated surface water drainage systems. And then like a full retention separators saying like to intercepts oil, petrol, silt from heavily contaminated surface water drainage systems in high risk areas. Then treating the full flow that can be generated from the catchment area through the drainage systems. So, like that what we are trying to. So, here say somewhat polluted water say we give say various type of treatments and then recycle or we are planning to use for particular purpose depending upon the quality of the water. And then finally, say fourth one is the water recycling management solutions. So, this is what is actually we will be discussing in detail. So, here the grey water this is actually the grey water recovery systems say for domestic or industrial or commercial applications. So, here we can use the recycled water same in combination with rainwater harvesting say as far as domestic applications are concerned. And then we can capture, treat and store lightly soiled water used within a drilling in a residential area or we can reuse the around the house for supplying water to flush toilets, wash clothes or water say the garden. So, like that we can use the grey water recovery systems say for domestic applications. And then as next one is grey water recovery systems for industrial and commercial applications. So, here same the recycle water is used in combination with rainwater harvesting also. We can capture, treat and store lightly soiled water. So, that we can give with some mild treatments we can use for the intended purpose. Then we have reused for supplying water to flush toilets, wash clothes or water fields then a sports grounds or gardens like that. So, that way we can have either the domestic applications, industrial applications and commercial applications. So, only as I mentioned earlier depending upon the quality of the water waste water we give appropriate treatment and that recycle water is used for either domestic, industrial or commercial or agricultural applications. So, that way when we look into water recycling say we can say go for say different types of treatments and then according to the treatments we can use for particular type of use. So, if we are having the waste water. So, first one is we have to collect the waste water and then we can give some preliminary treatment like a soiled waste, soiled flotis flots all these things we can remove. And then next one is primary treatment. So, there say like sedimentation we can retain the water form sometime in say tanks or pits like that. So, that the floating materials and other things will be settled down. So, this is so called sedimentation process. So, actually this is simple treatment is not sufficient for any kind of reuse if the water is totally polluted then we have to go for further treatment. But if it is simple say water coming from a kitchen or like that then even after primary treatment we can use the recycled water form say in gardening or irrigation purpose. Then from the primary treatment the water is going to secondary treatment. So, there we can go for various treatments like biological oxidation or disinfection kind of treatment. So, actually after secondary treatment we can use the recycled water form various purposes like surface irrigation say for example, non food crop then say restricted landscape. So, we can use the water form say to get grass or the landscaping then it can be put to wetlands where further kinds of treatment will be taking place and then wildlife habitats then stream augmentation then say depending upon the quality of the water we can go for industrial cooling so like that. So, this is about the secondary treatment. So, after the secondary treatment the water can be sent to the tertiary or advanced treatment there we will be giving detailed treatment with respect to the chemical say like chemical coagulation filtration disinfection like that. So, actually the water coming from after this treatment is somewhat pure water to certain extent. So, this water we can use for say landscape golf course irrigation then toilet freshing, vehicle washing, food crop irrigation, unrestricted recreation environment. So, like that we can use this water for various purposes. And then if you are going to use the recycled water form say drinking or potable purposes then we can say how somewhat treatment like say reverse osmosis kinds of treatment or the ultraviolet disinfection treatment. And this water say so directly say using for potable we can use for groundwater recharge and then surface water reservoir augmentation like that. So, like this when we are looking to the wastewater say for as far as water recycling is concerned we have to go through a say systematic treatment depending upon the nature of the wastewater and depending upon the use for which we are going to put this recycled water. So, accordingly appropriate treatment will be given and will be reused. So, now further let us discuss somewhat in detail about this various stages of wastewater treatment say for recycling purposes. So, as I mentioned earlier depending upon the wastewater nature we can give appropriate treatments before recycling. So, first one is the preliminary treatment. So, there say we can remove the heavy solids like wood, rags and grit etcetera. So, this we can put the wastewater we can pass the water through wrinkling wastewater through a screen with bars of 20 to 50 m apart. So, that all the wood rags etcetera will be captured. So, that is so called preliminary treatment. Then the water will be sent to primary treatment. So, here we will slow the wastewater flow rate and settlement chambers or sedimentation tanks we can use. So, in domestic situation septic tank can be used as a settlement chamber then which may remove about 30 to 50 percent of the BOD and suspended solid. So, primary treatment to set next entry we can remove say most of the floating materials sediments and all those kinds of things and even some of the BOD also we can remove through primary treatment. Then next one is the secondary treatment. So, here we can go for various kinds of treatments like biological treatment say for example, to remove the microorganisms and removes the remaining BOD and suspended solids. So, here during later stages of secondary treatment the nitrification processes like an ammonia present in wastewater is transformed into nitrate. So, like that we can go for a series of secondary treatments and as we have seen in the previous slide this after secondary treatments the water may be used for purposes like reaction or say golf course reaction or landscaping like that. Then terrestrial treatment is actually this involves taking the wastewater through a further biological, physical or chemical step. So, here further we try to remove the BOD suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and pathogens in the terrestrial treatment. So, we can also provide say like natural systems like wetlands or ponds and lagoons and then where say if land is available. So, that will be say the water will be detained for long time and then either aerobic or anaerobic kinds of say treatment will be taking place in these kinds of systems. So, that is about the terrestrial treatment. So, when we look in the terrestrial treatment actually say when we look in the wastewater through to after the terrestrial treatments the water can be used for various purposes say reuse is concerned or recycle after the recycling through the terrestrial treatment. We can directly utilize like for irrigation then say a toilet flushing or direct industrial purpose like that. So, terrestrial treatment for industrial reuse is usually done by using mechanized or physico chemical processes such as say some of the important terrestrial treatments I have listed here like activated carbon treatment. So, we can pass through pass the secondary treated wastewater through activated carbon. So, that most of the contaminants will be removed then chemical oxidation and other advanced oxidation processes then multimedia filtration and softening like lime soda adding lime soda passing through CO light. So, this is actually mainly for industrial purpose then on demineralization say like ion exchange processes then disinfection like by adding chlorine, hyperchlorine, ozone or ultraviolet systems or then we can put the waste the wastewater through for membrane processes like micro filtration, ultra filtration and then the latest is the reverse osmosis. So, depending upon the type of use so, we can choose particular type of terrestrial treatments and then directly from that treatment we can use the water or we can recycle the water. So, that way when we look into the tertiary treatments so, we can classify the treatment method into the biological methods and physico chemical method. As far as physico chemical method is concerned like screen, git removal, sedimentation, filtration etcetera. So, these are all physico chemical methods then biological method is concerned we can consider the treatment within the presence of oxygen or so, called aerobic methods and then anaerobic methods so, say without oxygen. So, that way some of the anaerobic methods include contact birds, sludge digesters etcetera. Then aerobic methods say we can again classify into suspended growth or attached growth. So, suspended growth say systems like activated sludge digest, aerated lagoons etcetera we can utilize. Then same the attached growth is concerned we can go for trickling filter, land treatment etcetera. So, when we discuss the terrestrial treatments we have a series of treatment methodologies number of methodologies are available so, depending upon the type of waste water or depending upon the quality of the components of the waste water. We choose particular type of treatments and then that also depends upon the intended reuse. So, what kind of whether we are going to use the recycled water for say domestic purposes or industrial purposes or agricultural purposes. So, accordingly we can choose particular type of treatment systems so, that say we have to see that the the economics also I mean the benefit cost ratio also we have to see when we say put the waste water through such treatment. So, now let us look into some of the important methods of treating the waste water. So, the waste water treatment is concerned we can classify into a conventional way of treating waste water and then modern techniques as far as waste water treatment is concerned. So, some of the treatment techniques are briefly mentioned here. First one is say cesspools. So, this is mainly we are using for containment say it is generally decentralized way of treatment. So, a cesspool is a big tank of at least 18 cubic meter size it has an inlet, but no outlet. So, we do not treat waste water here, but store it until it is removed by a such tanker so, that it will be taken for further treatment some other locations. So, it is a temporary storage. So, due to the environmental pollution especially to groundwater so, it is not prepared in urban environment. So, say we have to we should keep the waste water in a in a very good container otherwise if it is leaked into the soil then the groundwater will be affected. And then second one is safety tanks. So, actually this is a primary treatment and it can be also decentralized. So, safety tanks have we have both an inlet and outlet and this is much smaller and suitable for small scale waste water treatment and that can be adopted for domestic say like a household purpose or the housing societies or hotels like that and this provide primary treatment and should be followed by a shock pit or leach field. So, that one more treatment is required. So, safety tank is also a conventional way of treating the waste water. Then third one is leach fields or actually this can be secondary or tertiary and dispersal or it can be also centralized system or decentralized system. So, here same it is generally a last stage of a conventional treatment system. So, this is preceded by safety tank and this combination is often referred to as safety tank system. So, a leach field is a series of perforated pipes surrounded by gravity that run in underground trenches. So, this through this say we get to somewhat treated wastewater and then the next one is waste stabilization ponds. So, this can be all stages possible like a secondary tertiary then it can be either centralized system or decentralized system. So, like a solar ponds, settlement ponds, lagoons or sewage ponds with a small anaerobic ponds in the beginning followed by large aerobic ponds. So, the waste water go through a series of ponds and then finally, we will be getting somewhat treated water. So, this say generally this kinds of stabilization ponds will be placed in tandem with reed birds. So, that making system more attractive and larger. So, in the one of the limitations we need larger surface area to have this kinds of waste stabilization ponds. Then the other kinds of say the conventional treatment include like constructed wetlands. So, this also can be centralized or decentralized systems. So, constructed wetlands actually this is a human made wetland designed to closely imitate the treatment functions that occur in a natural wetlands. So, just like what is happening within an ecosystem. So, there will be some specific type of plants will be there in the system that absorb minimum the contaminants within the waste water and then the water will be detained, the waste water will be detained for some time and that will be going through a natural processes. And then this will be operating on in an ambient solar energy and to care a low external energy input. So, that way the waste water will be passing through the system for some time and then the we will be getting somewhat treated water.  So, this can be also centralized or decentralized system. So, this is some green colored small plants which grows in sewage for holding ponds. So, this is this plants will be absorbing all this some of the waste material within the water and then that will become a feed for the plants. So, this feed on the organic elements in the waste water for growth for the treatment of low strength community waste water this can be used. And duck weeds help in removing nutrients and heavy metals by absorbing components like nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur and tracer trace elements like that. So, this is another conventional treatment technique as far as water recycling is consensual. Then another one is so called trickling filter. So, this is actually used for secondary or tertiary treatment. So, trickling filters are always preceded by a primary settlement storage usually a septic tank and followed by a humus tank and they are also known as percolating filters, biological filter and filter buds. Then a trickling filter is a container usually filled with blast furnace clinger or stones called as media and then the waste water will be passing through that and then many of the waste material will be absorbed. Sewage is distributed over the surface of the media and drains freely to the base. The method is relatively robust tolerant of peak loadings and does not require power if a fall is available. So, that way this trickling filter is one of the best conventional way of treating the waste water and that treated waste water can be recycled or can be used as a recycled water for say various purposes like agriculture. Then say let us now look into some of the modern techniques used for treating the waste water. So, this is mainly say we use say as tertiary treatment. So, first one is the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor or UASBR. So, here treatment plants say we can say actually as module it will be available directly it can be obtained from the shops and can be assembled. A sludge blanket cultured in the lower portion of the UASBR very effective traps suspended and dissolved organic matter. Then we can have rotating biodiscondacter say second unit in the series and takes the atmospheric oxygen and then an attached growth anoxic reactor is built into the upper portion of the UASBR for conversion of nitrates and nitrates into nitrogen gas. And then end-air operation is operation is simple and system once stabilized can be left to itself without much human intervention. So, once it is stabilized we have to only pass the waste water through the system and then the system will be keep on working. So, treated water may be used in say it will be somewhat good quality water say water. So, that can be used for irrigation purpose depending upon the nature of the waste water. So, that is about the UASBR. Then another one is another modern technique is called cyclic activated sludge process or SEATEC. So, here say the cyclic activated wastewater treatment process actually we pass through the water through activated carbon. So, carbon oxidation, nitrification, denitrification, biophosphorous removal all are carried out simultaneously as far as that SEATEC is concerned. And this technique ensures that all the effluent process like equalization, aeration, settling and decanning carried out in a single time. So, this is a very systematic modern system. So, where we can directly get better quality water. And then this treats the effluent level specified by authorities for irrigation or discharge into open water sources like rivers. So, through the cyclic activated carbon process we can achieve say the BOD can be less than 30 milligram per litre, COD can be less than 150 milligram per litre and ammonium nitrate can be less than 5 milligram per litre like that. So, like that we can achieve say better quality water through when the wastewater is going through the SEATEC technique. So, the technology is automatic and found to be very economical. So, for small scale industries this technique is very useful for the treatment of the wastewater. So, that way we can see that say the SEATEC or the USB are so like that this kind of modern techniques are very effective and then it occupies much much smaller space and then for a small industrial unit in an area we can directly they can buy it and put it in operation mode. And then as far as the modern techniques are concerned most important technique is so called a membrane processes. So, here we will be passing the wastewater through the membranes and then that will be capturing most of the the contaminants within the wastewater. So, that we will get a better quality water. So, the membrane process actually the membranes are semi permeable material designed to separate particulate colloidal and dissolved substances from liquid solutes or the wastewater. Then these membranes allows substances smaller than the membranes posed to flow through while holding back substances larger than the pores. So, depending upon the requirement we can have say microfilters or nanofilters like that. So, membranes produced from a variety of materials we can use for such purposes like cellulose acetate and polyamides then polysulfones and then polypropylene nylon polyvinyl alcohol etcetera. So, various kinds of membranes are available nowadays in market. So, the four most common configurations are like we can keep the configuration tubular form, plate and frame, spiral wound and hollow fiber. So, like that depending upon what kind of design we are doing as far as the membrane processor consent and depending upon the type of membrane and we can have the particular system. So, as far as the membrane processor consent actually we can classify this into four categories. The first one is the micro filtration. So, this categorization is according to the size of the membrane. So, micro filtration membranes actually pores will be greater than 50 nanometers are the least expensive membranes and this we can use in wastewater treatment for turbidity removal of solids separation after biological treatment and then this also can be we can use in membrane bioreactors and this can be used for removal of helmin over other organisms etcetera from the wastewater. So, micro filtration when the membrane pores are greater than for 50 nanometers. So, that kind of membrane when we use that is called micro filtration. Second one is so called ultrafiltration. So, ultrafiltration means the ultrafiltration membranes the pore size will be varying from 2 to 50 nano microns or nanometer 50 nanometer have been used in wastewater treatment for many of the same applications as micro filter membranes except that ultrafiltration scheme systems will give a better separation of final colloids bacteria virus etcetera. So, when the wastewater is passed through the ultrafiltration system. So, other than the colloids and the sediments all these things we can also remove the bacteria viruses etcetera from the wastewater. So, this water available from the ultrafiltration will be much better than what is from the micro filtration. And the third system is so called nano filtration. So, here in nano filtration membranes the pores should be less than 2 nanometers. So, the pressure the pressures vary between 522 1400 kilo Pascal and flux rates vary from 200 to 800 liters per meter square per day. And this the water passing through the nano filtration we can directly use for even 4 portable purposes like recharging or other kinds of purposes. Then the ultimate say filter technique is by using the technique is called reverse osmosis. So, here the membranes pores will be much smaller than 2 nanometer and have the lowest molecular weight cut off and then high operating pressures of more than 1400 kilo Pascal. And flux rates vary from 300 to 500 liters per meter square per day. So, this is say actually even say we are reverse osmosis one of the commonly used technique say as far as the desalination plans are concerned. And the reverse osmosis in further treating pre-treated say from micro filtration or ultrafiltration to produce waters of high quality for indirect reuse applications. So, even say for example, if the water is not available in particular we can the the water passing through reverse osmosis systems we can directly even utilize or we can use for the the the recharge to the aquifer systems like that.  So, where we can remove all the the pathogen bacteria viruses etcetera from the the the recycled water and then directly we can use for the intended use. So, like this we can see that say depending upon the the use what we are considering. So, depending upon the quality of the the wastewater we go for a particular type of say treatments and then we can directly say use for the intended use depending upon the treatments given. So, before closing today's lecture let us say have an overview of the water recycling practices. So, water recycling is a growing practice in many regions of the world including USA, Europe, India, Australia, Israel etcetera. So, especially in countries like a Israel, Australia where water scarcity is there they they this water recycling is very common in many of the areas. Say as far as US is concerned about 13 million meter cube per day is recycled and reused and a small fraction of total volume wastewater generally actually this is small fraction. Out of the 140 million meter cube per day only about 10 percent of waste water is recycled and suggesting the potential of recycling and recycled water use on a volume basis is growing at an estimated 15 percent per year in the United States. And all evidence suggests that water recycling will play major role in the water management in the 21st century. So, this water recycling practices are increasing in many of their especially industries concerned they are looking for zero liquid discharge that means no waste water from the the system. So, that way say many of the industries are now adopting the water recycling. In the United States for example, at a compound annual growth rate of 15 percent the volume of recycled water would be about 45 to 15 million meter cube per day in another 5 to 10 years. So, like that the system is growing and the water recycling is becoming very common. As far as water recycling in India is concerned say in India not much recycling is done but now industries are being especially industry sector the recycling is coming up like anything. So, in India some of the methodology is adopted as far as recycling is concerned water recycling is concerned like a plain water conservation reuse without any treatments reuse after treatment using on-site toilet waters and some easily treated industrial waste waters then reuse after treatment using off-site sources of municipal waste water. Then say study of the reuse of waste water in India shows that the reuse has achieved in affordable cost and some industries have in fact saved the money by reusing their waste water. So, many examples are there say where the money is the whatever the money invested say in waste water treatment or water recycling they have got back in previous time and then they are saving money as far as water recycling and reuse is concerned. So, in India the water recycling has first begun say in Mumbai say in 1964 and 65 especially by textile industry and that time water gravity was much less to Mumbai region. So, that way the textile industry started this showing that about 15 to 20 percent of the water can be recycled without any pre-treatment especially in textile industries. And cost of providing direct reuse was relatively small then cost-benefit ratio is high and cost recovery periods is say within 2 or 3 years. Then the recycling was carried out in as many as 22 mils in 70s and 80s in Mumbai and later a few more industries started recycling. A typical treatment scheme say for example say if you consider toilet water is as follows the wastewater so first it will be screened then extended aeration will be given chemical dosing plus flocculation will be done then sand defiltration then CO8 softening plus acid correction occasional chlorine shock dose then make a water say for example using for cooling towers. So, then remaining sludge and other wastewater will be returned to sewer line. So, like that it will be going through a systematic process depending upon the wastewater and then depending upon the intended use. So, now before closing today's lecture let us discuss two small cases where the water recycling is practiced for last few years in Mumbai say for example first industries Oswald, Agro, Union Garbet plant, Chambur, Mumbai. So, here they have given terrestrial treatment this is built up this is actually a very old plant say about 10 same 40 years say actually this plant is there. So, for sewer treatment reclamation with capacity 5 to 10 million liters per day raw sewage was obtained from municipal corporation as far as this industry is concerned and so being using the wastewater from municipal corporation which is a dependable source of water. A treated water used for cooling say used for cooling purposes and treatment scheming would say the wastewater coming from the municipal or the sewage water then it will be passing through screening then grit removal will be done then extended aeration is given then chemical dosing plus flocculation so that all the sediment or the suspended solids will be removed then sand filtration is given then COH it will be passed through COH so that softening is done and plus acid correction and occasional chlorine shock dose are given and then this water is directly used for cooling purposes. Then another example is rasteric chemical fertilizers RC of Chambur, Mumbai. So, actually this plant was installed in 2000 for recycling about 23 million liters per day and the investment was about 400 millions rupees and a complicated treatment process including reverse osmosis is installed in the RC of Plant. 2005 the operating cost was about rupees 39 per meter cube with the success of recycling scheme municipality also started to charge this wastewater so the wastewater to the RC was taken from the municipal supply and the plant in the RC was the following floor sheets like wastewater will be taken from municipal supply waste to sewage then it will be put through screening then grit removal then activated storage system clarifier then sand filter then pressure filter then cartridge filter then it will be passed through reverse osmosis and then a degas to remove carbon dioxide and finally this is used in industry. So that way RCF this last say 10-15 years they are very effectively using this municipal sewage wastewater the sewage for their water supply in the RC of Plant. So now before closing the lecture let us look at the future of water recycling. So water recycling has proven to be effective and successful in creating new and reliable water supply then non portable reuse is widely accepted and advances in wastewater treatment technology and health studies may be for portable purpose also we can use recycling what waste and grey water requires less energy than treating salt water like a desalination system then water recycling is a sustainable approach and can be cost effective in the long term then public be informed and involved in the planning processes. So before closing today's lecture so these are some of the references used for today's lecture then few questions total questions critically analyzed and study the scope of water recycling in India whether water recycling and reuse a solution for water scarcity in India study and compare various case studies available and evaluate the economics. Then self evaluation questions illustrate water recycling and its importance what are the benefits of water recycling and what are the different stages of wastewater treatment illustrate various conventional ways of treating the wastewater then a few assignment questions like discuss various uses of recycled water describe various water management solutions describe the various stages of terrestrial treatment methods illustrate various modern ways of treating wastewater. So today we are discussing about the the water recycling so we are discussing about the how we can use the wastewater for various purposes by giving appropriate treatments depending upon the wastewater nature of the wastewater we have to be appropriate treatment for the intended use. So in the last lecture in the next lecture we will be discussing about the water reuse and further reclamation and further topics in this module. Thank you.


Some Swedish Americans celebrated the longest day of the year with the annual Midsomer Festival. The Bemidji Chapter of the American Swedish Institute invited the community to join them in Library Park to observe the summer solstice. The event is observed all over Sweden with children creating flower crowns and dancing around a maypole. During the solstice, some northern parts of Sweden will see daylight for a full 24 hours. Sweden's winters are long and dark. And this is like the longest, brightest day. So people are out everywhere celebrating. Daylight hours will start to become shorter here in northern Minnesota beginning already next Monday. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Oh, what's up everybody? Once again, it's Brandon man, Sean and in this video right here, we have to bust a myth. People keep asking me about this and people keep saying that they hear otherwise you cannot do this, but it's untrue. People say that you can't be mysterious, particularly people not know who you are and have a fan base that cares about you, a fan base that's lasting. Being mysterious is just all again and again is going to go away if people don't know who your face is. First of all, people can actually not see your face and you still not be mysterious, but to stay on track right now, we're going to use a different example than I typically use and that's my guy Blacky Speaks, one of the dopest channels on YouTube. He's a faceless entity, you know what I mean? You don't know who he is, how he looks, however at the same time he has a strong fan base and I would argue it will last and continue to be more and more impactful. And here's just two quick examples, there's been a lot of things going on in hip hop over the last couple of years, whether it's losing people like XXX or it's a lot of the things that are happening in relation to drugs and rappers overdosing and even leaving to more lives lost. And the thing about that is somebody like Blacky Speaks has actually taken and used his platform in those moments to bring a great perspective, right? To really talk against certain things that are against the grain when we think about general media. He doesn't use his platform for gossip and news sharing in a way a lot of other people do and it's not even anything against those but the power of his platform is what he shares in him being a calming human voice in those moments. He's had plenty of videos where he'll speak against not only overdosing or things like that but drugs and that's just not an argument you're hearing from all YouTube pages or just personalities and the way he's going about it is not in like a clout chasing way. And then when people are passing he's not doing videos just to chase clout again and trendy he doesn't monetize those videos which is something that once again reflects the fact that he's human this is a huge part of the brand and I'll connect that at the end. But he has constantly also used his voice right to support people in depression and showing that he understands it and really wishes people the best in those scenarios. You've seen him comment on people's Twitter pages where there's rappers that might be big and they're going through something and he's just showing support and you can see the rapper support him, right? He's making a human connection a huge part of why people will support him. They can connect with him despite a face, right? A face because he actually shows that he's human. He brings those moments and offers those up to the public. Another thing that he does is he curates. He's curating value not only what he's talking about but really being a plug for a lot of rappers being a plug for a lot of waves that a lot of people might not necessarily know about. Of course he might not be the very first person to hear every single rapper but he's still introducing an audience to certain types of people and certain types of rappers when he does videos on them and even greater than that he's shown a level of quality control where it doesn't look like he's just chasing waves. So he's a voice that you can trust even if you might not necessarily like his style because everybody doesn't necessarily like the same type of music but that's just the way of the world, right? Everybody's not going to like the same thing before a certain audience he's really curating a lot of great content and putting people onto things. And last but not least is really that POV which is back to being human, right? He has a point of view that he's constantly sharing and that's something that personalizes him. In the same way we can personalize toys in a movie like Toy Story and people can connect and feel those connections. Him being a faceless voice does not get affected because he's always connecting through the things that he says offering perspectives to add on to. There's something that happens in hip hop. His fan base is going to go to his page just to see what he said even if they heard five other people comment on it they're going to go to his page because he made a connection and he offered a point of view that is interesting that might either conflict or even agree with people but you know that it's his and it's authentic to him. And this is something that a lot of artists can get value from remembering once again that if you have your own perspective we have a lot of music and things like that that's cool. You can catch a trend but when people really get invested in you is when they understand that you have your own point of view and you exhibit that in your music or whatever type of content that you're posting when you're giving your point of view because at the end of the day it doesn't matter how similar the beat is nobody can offer your thoughts like you can. And these are just a few things that Blackie does incredibly well to connect with this audience despite people not knowing how he looks and of course that's just another reminder that people do not need to see you because there's a lot of people that we see right we know how they look and we still don't connect with them so that idea is something that's really being pushed by I don't know people who don't know what they're talking about or maybe they just don't understand how to make those things happen but consider this there's figures in history that we connect to and have never known we got our ancestors we've connected to have never known there's ideas that people connect to and put their life on the line for ideas there's cartoons where people put you know the cartoon tattoo on their body because they love the cartoon they connect with it so much there's motorcycle brands right there's a lot of brands that are inanimate objects and for some reason that thing has connected with them in some sort of way and offered them an experience that is greater than just a trend a moment in time supernatural entities there's so many different variations and examples that humans have the capacity to connect with things that they cannot see so this argument and this myth that you have to have your face out there to build a fan base and sustain a fan base is not a truth and also once again the idea that your face not being seen actually makes you mysterious is not a thing as well maybe it might create some kind of mystery at first and people might wonder but it might be more of a curiosity where you have somebody like Frank Ocean or or Prince who has a more mystique about him and we know exactly how they look but they still have a mystique Pharrell has a little bit of a mystique you know there's different ways to go about creating mystery not having a face does not make you mysterious and showing your face doesn't mean that you're not mysterious that's just the way it is there's so many other elements if you understand marketing branding and how to go about that strategy to create those things despite a situation but those are other moves that's a whole another video of course I would love to know what you guys think as always but other than that if you liked this video go hit the like button if you like it might as well share it and if you're not subscribed you know what to do hit that subscribe


Hey everybody for a syrup in 2023 top-stribute baseball hobby a box case number 35 random divisions There are the results. There's a Lincoln chat. Let's go ahead and get started I'd be happy basketball. It is a lot better this year with all the parallels Carb already my finger Yeah, I think Oh Yeah, such a Mullins screen David Ortiz the 99 AL East and a Bert Bligh 11 to 25 on the auto for the AL Central Have her home bligh 11 Yeah, his brides do that Like I like that one a lot. I thought that was just a Sam or a Kyle thing. It's pretty good Marquez Xander patch card for the Giants Evan Longoria out of seven earned a 25 and L West Vents 600 saves in the match Ricky Henderson, O'Neill Cruz got purple Stephen Kwan AL Central numbered to 50 and dual Jersey Aaron Judge Derek Jeter number to 199 Al East Tim Anderson Cabrion Hayes Got iconic perspectives auto of Ozzy Smith to 50 and L Central the wizard Votto and our bulls Got your R and Karnaz Cio and rookie auto to 150 for the NL East that joke went over well Mike Piazza Bobby with junior with triple rally Giancarlo Stanton AL East 39 of 75 Stephen Kwan you've got gold pooholes to 75 for the NL Central and Altuve three color patch one of ten on the stamp of approval AL West nice Altuve three color Star Wars sapphire coming up late everybody looking for those sweet sweet sapphire parallels and the return of the Jedi Star Wars Kind of chrome sapphire version of the originals Pull autos in there Very Fisher Harrison Ford Mark Hamill Gwyer Greg Maddox Nolan Ryan should be to Olympus auto to 45 for the AL West Peter Mayhew Kenny Baker Ward Davis Oh Ian McGehrman Stephen Kwan Miguel Cabrera Graham Ashcraft on the rookie auto to 150 NL Central Smack was going on Jackie Robinson Byron Buxton a Miguel Vargas rookie auto to 99 NL West and dual Jersey card green the 99 Miguel Cabrera AL Central Six out of 99 season tribute booms Jack Peterson David Ortiz. You've got a Spencer steer rookie auto to 199 or the NL Central Wade Boggs Mike trout on the base for the triple relic of Mike Piazza NL East to 99 number 73 of 99 Framed oversized tribute to 1954 buyback card Yeah You've got a oh that's pretty cool actually Hank Bauer one-of-one on the buyback Hank Bauer Yankees Congrats Yankees AL East Got it really to the Jack Bauer even here. I don't think it's gonna fit one of those sleeves It's a thicker. I mean you can put in one of the sleeves I guess I don't know actually it might go you can give it a chance But if you can you can feel it's thicker. Yeah got Brett Alcantra John Smoltz NL East on the auto to 100 Salvador Perez Sean Murphy triple relic for the and or the AL West Adrian Beltray Number 176 of 199 got wander green to 99 Tony Gwynn NL West Rookie Francisco Alvarez NL East and Tom Glavin on the NL East auto to 75 Stio Tatis dual Jersey for the Astros Craig Bijio and Jose L2vay Number 35 out of 75 there you go AL West Goldschmidt Marcus Simeon Ken Wilde Chuck AL West Rookie out of the 50 how much Walden Walde Chuck Chuck Walde Chuck Walde Mount Castle and Yvonne Rodriguez for the Marlins and Jersey card AL East Trevor story stamp of approval We're 49 to 50 Dornal 641 era right halfway through got a buyback. I look it for some big hits now some big autos big relics Josh Chisholm Nolan Aronato purple to 50 is Bobby Wood jr. AL central 18 of 50 and Matt Olson NL East auto 13 of 75 Yeah, then any models are cool. I was looking at those on eBay earlier Thomas Nick Castellanos Clayton Kershaw NL West Jersey card stamp of approval to 99 Form 99 hour and Tony Gwyn with a Miguel Vargas rookie auto NL West to 150 other match So the Tigers aren't good against bad pitchers. That's not good Vera Matt Olson that is a Auto to 99 of Sean green a green green for the NL West and AL East dual Jersey Alec Minoa to 199 J rod Devers Jesse Winker on the auto AL West to 199 Come on now Jose Al to Vade to 75 Frank Thomas a L central Or the 25 25, excuse me and do our triple Jersey yellowish for the NL central 180 of 199 Donnie, what's your favorite? Halo song video games? It's like the level after Keys, I think or the level before it like the winner level Siva Randy Johnson lending Sosa on the auto rookie for the AL central to 150 So the few games I can actually listen to the soundtrack Nolan Ryan Babe Ruth Jersey card Mike trout AL West stamp of approval to 199 Corbyn Burns to 99 Miguel Cabrera AL central on the green Francisco Alvarez rookie numbered 43 at 50 nice card NL East Nice Francisco Alvarez dual Jersey NL East Tom Glavin to 50 Mookie and Griffey, you've got a lefty nickname auto to 99 NL East Steve Carlton 58 of 99 lefty auto No, they call them that Donnie Yeah, let's tip or Jones Jesse Winker AL West again on the auto to 199 Come on big cards What a big rookie that Bryce Harper Chris Bryant triple Jersey Ken Griffey jr. AL West game used Number nine out of 25 Luis Robert Nolan our not oh NL central number to 75 and a Jesse Winker again AL West auto to 25 this time It's a third Jesse Winker Boba Shet Frank Thomas triple relic Raphael Devers AL East numbered to 50 Machado Ryan Sandberg Parazza rookie for the AL East and Jim Palmer AL East auto to 199 Come on three more packs Hits One big cards one big cards India each row Pete Alonzo auto to 99 NL East nice Pete AL West NL central dual Jersey card Ken Griffey jr Mariners and Reds Ken Griffey jr. So AL West Alvin M in NL central Joseph W. Random at the end Seager and Ohtani They no more Garcia para auto to 150 AL East Jeter Max Scherzer and Salvador Perez to 199 Jersey card AL central this random So AL West NL central Griffey to 199 on the dual Jersey. Good luck. We will randomize ten times six and four Rivers up top gets the card one two three four five six seven eight nine and Ten NL central And now central gets the Griffey Well, I got one of one framed buyback Hank Bower Yankees AL East on that one relics of Salvador Perez Raphael Devers Ken Griffey jr. Tom Glavin Mike trout Christian Yelich Alec Manoa Clayton Kershaw Trevor story Adrian Beltray Bijou and Altuve Mike Piazza Miguel Cabrera Jose Altuve Jean Carlos Stan Jeter Judge in Evan Longoria autos nomar Pita Lonzo Jim Palmer Jesse winker Jesse winker Steve Carlton Lenin Sosa Jesse winker Shawn Green Miguel Vargas Matt Olson John Smoltz Ken Waldechuck John Tom Glavin Spencer steer Miguel Vargas Graham Ashcraft Nolan Ryan You're on Karnaz the own Ozzie Smith and Burt Bligh Levin So open for some bigger cards in there guys some big rookies especially a tough case for rookies there. Thanks again everybody moving on now to basketball


Check it, check it, check it. It's a unique hustle. It's your boy, E-C-E-O, and I'm here with the lovely official, Mr. Mako. What's going on? None of my dad. What's going on? Hey man, I'm just chilling, man. Hey man, we all over here in Los Angeles, man. It's going down, man. Hey man, we got my boy in here, and foreign bosses in the building. What's going on, man? Man, everything good, man. I can't complain. Wow, man. Hey man, just, hey, this thing going down, man, of Boss Talk 101.  Okay, I'm foreign boss. I'm from South Central, Los Angeles. I've been out here all my life, born and raised, you know. I got into music just loving it.  He's like, man, let's go buy the studio equipment, so we went to the guitar center, and I just bought all that shit, and sat up in the living room, and there we go. And how old were you at that time? I was about 21. So you started late? Yup. Wow. So as a younger kid, were you at home ever trying to rap or do anything like that? I was. I was in high school rapping freestyle on my homeboys every day. But I fell in love with the money first. So I was getting to the bag first, and I knew all the rappers in LA, you know, because I was in the club popping bottles with them. But I wasn't rapping, and then I seen everybody rap. I'm like, man, I can do it. Then I always love music, you know, so we got to it. Oh, okay, okay. I fell in love with it. Wow, so South Central, man, how to survive in South Central? I keep thinking about that every time. All right. You know what I'm saying? So who impacted you the most coming into the music? Was it Ice Q? Was it Ice T? Was it Snoop Dogg? Was it Nate Doll? Who was it? All of them. Already. Everybody you named. I listened to, can't forget, E-40. E-40? E from the bank. Yeah, you know, I saw Cali, but that's West Coast. What about Too Short? Stop playing. What? Too Short? Stop playing.  You was a markup at the high school. You know what I'm talking about? That was the old school right there, man. Right. Cocktails. Yeah, yeah. You did it. Yeah. My pops really was into this music. DJ Quick, too. Aw, man. DJ Quick with Beats. I've been trying to get a hold to that nigga. My partner's been trying. I want that nigga on my show. I've been trying to figure it out. Yeah. I like it. Yeah, he hard. My homeboy, um, my homeboy pops, um, is a player ham. My homeboy's the young giant. Shout out to the young giants. They grew up with me on my block. They rap, too, though. They dope. Aw, man. That's dope, man. So coming up in South Central, man, I know, and I asked this question to everybody, man, because of what happened with Nip, man, uh, um, you, um, how did that change the tempo and when it comes to the music and when it comes to how people are moving in L.A. when it happened? Well, Nip Def did change a lot of things. You could, you could feel like the cloud over the city. You could feel it when he died. It was a shock. I was in shock. I'm like, well, somebody shot Nip. It was just crazy, you know. Wow. It felt like he was on the move to do something great. Oh yeah, of course. Yeah. Yeah. So, so how much, how much, um, because you guys had some, some artists that, that, that a lot of gang violence is one on up in here, man, and, and, and cause I thought it had slowed down. But when I seen that, it was a lot of people were looting to the fact that he was in the gang violence and all this stuff. Um, uh, is it still going down like that in this day and time gang violence, the way it was back then? It is. Okay. So is it done in a different way? Is it, are people moving differently when it comes down to it? Is it by the color or block? Is it, cause I'm a, I'm a Texas nigga, man. Okay. It's deeper than just blocks and colors. That's what a lot of people get confused about LA. It's generational. Wow.   It's like, you know, of course it, it'll be somebody that go to college and all that, but the other three may just be fully into it. But then you got one brother like, I ain't doing that. You know, it just be like that out here. But the, the violence is, it's real in LA. You can't get confused with the palm trees and the nice stuff.  But as long as you stay in your lane and don't do too much, stay out of people business, I feel like it'll be all right. Wow. Man, Crenshaw. Well, I mean, back in the day, you heard movies about Crenshaw, man. So I mean, even on that boys in the hood movie, you probably, I don't know if you've seen it or not, but they standing on the block, you know what I mean? The cars come through, boom, boom, boom, boom. You niggas were known for, for hydraulics and stuff like that. Is that something or things still or they don't mess with it no more like that. They still do it.  You know, Western Crenshaw, the East side, the street races, if you're outside, you know, you'll see the old schools on Sunday for sure. Wow. They go down like that. They go down. They going to have, you know, it's, it's, um, it's that generation though, like, like probably like my older brother age, like not a lot of young dudes got low lows. But if they do, they just bossed up. They got bread. But like it's really, um, the older gender, I would say like 40. Yeah, I've seen them. Older. My wife pointed them out to them. We first got here. She's like, look at that. They're like a line. I'm just coming down. I said, look at them boys getting to it.  Wow. Chevy Bel-Air, Chevelle's, Camaro. So what do these young kids be doing?  I'm in the old schools. Yeah. But you were your name for it. I just wanted to say something. I was playing, man. Where did that name come from?   So I just took it, took it around with him. You know, we, we got a foreign whip outside too. So, you know, it's regular. It's regular, but it's foreign nigga. Yeah. Stop playing. Stop playing. Coming up out here, you know, most people look at you guys from, from, from like Dallas and Texas.  Or do you, or is it a way to move to where you don't have to be? And do they jump you in the game? Do you even know about the game stuff going on in LA?  You can. You can. Doesn't it depend on where you're from? Like what part of the city? Cause if you're born in a certain era where that's prevalent, isn't that just something that you have to do? You don't have to do. You can be the dude that just speak to him every day. Show respect. Don't do too much. Like how, how are you doing? There's plenty of people that grow up. They don't force you? It can be, uh, I want to say if you hanging every day and you around them, like say for instance, you just doing the high and buy thing. Like, oh, what's up?  Like, oh man, you want to be from the hood? Like you want to get put on? And it's up to you to say yes or no.  But it's kind of like he was asking for it. You was hanging too much. You need to. About the foreign boss, how did you come up and how did you respond to everything that was in your neighborhood?  You know, my family is gang members. So it's kind of like I wasn't forced into nothing. It was a choice. I kind of like, you know, I feel like I, I broke the cycle with a lot of things. You know, I went to school. I went to Cal State Northridge, graduated. You know, I was in the streets.  My pops was always a strong influence in my life. And he from the project. So it kind of was like, I was already tough. And my cousins is already, I grew up around real thugs. So it's kind of like, I know who soft and who ain't.  You said real thugs. So you have a lot of fake thugs. I hear. Yeah. Of course. You know, when the heat going to come on, they going to tell you ain't even bought that life, man. Just go to school or get a job. Just trying to represent all the signs and stuff. And that's it. And then when you get in that interrogation room, you tell them where everybody. It ain't for you. Yeah. So it ain't for everybody. When you. So what about, give me, give me something on penthouse, man. What, what, what was up with that gig? What was that song? Oh, penthouse.   You know, a lot of people be rapping about it and really don't got the cars or got what they say, you know, what I'll be rapping about. I already done it and touched it and obtained it. So. So your rap, your rap is more about a lifestyle. Yes. About the lifestyle that I'm living. Okay. Is it also about the honeys as well? The honeys? I love women. I love women, of course. Okay. So because I'm just trying to see who do you cater the most to when you rap your songs? It depends. It depends what mood I mean. I cater to the streets. I cater to women. So, you know, I try to be diverse in my music. You know, I don't want to be boxed in one category. And the type of messages that you normally give, like all kind of messages you normally like to give in your music. Well, it depends on what mood I mean. It's like. So if I'm like, I like the club. So if I'm in my club mode, I'm going to turn you up. But if I'm in my politic mode where I want to spit some knowledge and tell you, say for instance, something about Willie Lynch, I can go there too. So you're versatile because some people love to stick to club jumpers because that's what brings them the most views. Right.  Yeah. I like the party. I like to get it going. I like to make sure, you know, you turn it up and fly. Okay. That's what I'd be on. Wow. So I'm looking at your album. Dope Star. Yeah, Dope Star. What inspired this song?   He was a part of, he a part of the college swag district. Teach me how to Dougie. I'm trying to get this dude on my show. Oh, Young? Yeah, that's one of my main things. I've been trying to call everybody. I'm like, get this dude on my show. I need to talk to him. Oh, that's an easy call. I can call my boy. That ain't nothing. He probably, he on his way back from Dubai. Shout out Young. Aw, man. That boy kicking it. Yeah. So maybe next time when I come up. Oh, yeah. It can go down. It can go down. That ain't nothing but a phone call. All right. So how they felt like he took the song from there out of here. And I want to hear it. You know, just hear it spill on the side of the story. Yeah. It's an old story now, but I'd love to hear it. Oh, yeah. I got you. Yeah. Shout out OFB Young. That's my boy. Yeah. I got you. I'll get you that. Yeah, man. So you and him, you and him pretty much put that together at Dope Store. Yeah. Dope. What about Dirty Dance? Dirty Dance, that's for the strip club. Oh, yeah. Go on. Yeah. Shout out. DG's inspired that. What? Come on, man. You in the D? Yeah, I done been in the D. I'm really outside. Yeah. DG's inspired that. Shout out DG's. Oh, man. Boy, be all in DG's, man. This boy be traveling. Yeah. I'm really outside. Shout out DG's, man. Yeah. So I want to ask you about one more. That it was one about not go to work. Take her home. Featuring, it was a noise. Oh, shout out. Shout out my boy, Nutt. My boy, noise. He produced. He produced Sing Right. He do it all. Yeah. He did the beat. That's just taking her home, you know? She looking so bad, I'm going to take her home. Wow. Yeah, man. I like the way you. And I love the fact that you got a body of work. Like a lot of guys don't have no deep catalog or they don't have a whole project like that.  You got niggas that make a few songs and think they own or just make consistent songs and think they own and try to push, you know, the visuals more than anything. Right. You know, but you really doing the whole project and doing it the way it's supposed to be done. Yeah. I got the new project coming dropping soon. I am for my boss to. When is that coming out? September. Wow. I'm going to drop it. So you're going to send us the preview. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. I'm going to drop it soon, too. When? You're going to come on the show in Dallas? Yeah, of course. Already. Anybody coming to Boss Talk 101 and going to come up in the store and see how it really goes down. Top three all the small time. Dead or alive. Any genre. Number one. Oh, any genre. Wow. I'll say. Snoop. Okay. That's my nigga right there. Now I feel like I'm in LA. Number two. Snoop number one. Pac. Pac. Number three. E40. Snoop. Pac and E40. Nigga, that's what I'm talking about. This is a real representative. In LA, dawg. You know what I'm saying? My boy just put it down on that top three artists of all times, man. So what's going on with, like, when you first started getting into the music, when you first started, was there anybody that you wanted you long to work with? Like somebody you wanted to collab with on a feature? Big. Like when I say big, like who would it be best if I could put you with somebody for it? A lot. I had to make one choice. Yeah. Yeah. Man. Snoop. Snoop. That's what I'm talking about. It's not like Snoop Dogg, man. He the king of the coast. Come on, man. And everybody knew it, man. Everybody knew it, man. Yeah. Like, and he doesn't help so much, man. Yeah. And people don't realize how heavy he is, man, because stuff that he do bring people together, man. Right. Even though he's smoking and all that, having fun, when people think of Snoop, he bridge gaps, man. Yeah. You know, he was a big influence on that thing with Big E and Park, and people don't really give him his credit. Yeah. You know, he did that, man. I mean, and I seen it. You know what I'm saying? He was humble and he was trying to find a way to bridge the gaps, too. He had been through a lot, too.  His resilience is something of a whole other level, man. Right.  You know what I'm saying? Like, he ain't letting nothing affect him. He could have stopped rapping a long time ago, man. And he kept doing it. I think he'd do it for the culture. He do. He loved for it. He got the money. Yeah. Yeah. He got what I said. He got to be doing it for the culture. Yeah. He do it for the culture. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.   Or you know, the designer thing might have just been a phase.  Yeah, I get fresh. You know, it's regular. Like, you're going to go, you're going to shop in L.A. when you want to get fresh. In the fashion district. No, you know, I'm probably going to go. You know, I'm probably going to What are you going over? What mall? I got Versace on right now. I'm probably going to I'm probably going to hit the Versace Gucci, something like that. It depends what I'm going to do. Which one? What Versace and Gucci? I'm not from out here. I get to it. Okay. You can hit the Beverly Center. You can hit Rodeo. Rodeo. I've been out there. That thing's nice. Either one. Rodeo. Rodeo. I'm going to have it all in the Beverly Center if they want to get a hold of you, man. Oh, okay. If they want to reach out and get a hold of Foreign Boss. Okay. My Instagram is I am underscore foreign boss. Twitter, foreign boss. Facebook, foreign boss. Snapchat, I am foreign boss. You know, my email is foreign boss. Yahoo.com. That go into you. You ain't playing no game. That boy working with a body. Make it easy. Yeah. If you want to find me, you know, a monk on Instagram. My manager. Oh, yeah. Monk. Yeah. He monk. You had Monk the king on Instagram. He'll get you in contact with me. So who have you worked out here with? Like, I mean, where's Blueface at, man? Blueface? My cousin with him right now somewhere. I think I was I was invited out with my cousin from over there where he from. Yeah. He with him right now somewhere. So is he one of the, he's one of the hottest ones in the city right now. He hot. Hot, hot. Hot, hot. He coming. And he, how long he been doing music? He been doing it for, I know who number to get now. I'm getting this nigga number. When I come back, nigga, all I gotta do is call that nigga. This man's the HBO. Y'all done sent me on HBO. Y'all done sent me on Instacur on HBO? No. He was on Instacur? Yeah. Shout out to Easter Ray. That's my home girl. Man. See, yeah. Yeah. He talking to talk. Y'all playing. Y'all done seen me. Yeah. Y'all ready? That's what I'm talking about.   That's all. That's how you, and I love it, man.  You seen the energy. It just shifts.  Right. You know what I'm saying? I'm being real. It's crazy. I love doing this though. You know what I'm saying? I love, I love to hear my brothers man that they getting to it. They making things happen. And a lot of people, young dudes need to see that. Like we out here getting at something, doing something that's going to help generations to come. Right. And that's what it's about. It's about, it's about the next generation. It ain't about me or you. It's about feeding the youth. How do you give back? How? I showed, I showed these dudes how to be a daddy. That's what I give back. You see me on the Instagram, taking my daughter to school, picking her up, you know, ABC one, two, three, whatever it need. And you know, I do nonprofits or you know, give back, feed the community, I don't feed the community with one of my friends and they know I'm a prophet. That's the way it goes. That's the way it goes. That's good. Wow. You got anything else for my guy? No sir. Say man, check it man. We appreciate you for coming on the show man. We love you bro. And like I said, anytime I'm in town, I'm about it. Like I said, I'm locking in which I got your number. Yeah. So I'm for the, I'm for the, every time I come, cause I'm going to try to come back in February and we going to knock it out man. I do actresses and entrepreneurs too. But I, you know, I just be wanting to tap in to the right people that when they say something behind these mics, it can change somebody's life. Yeah. I got the, my boy got a clothing line or my boy, Phil, Khaled Phillips. Yeah. Black clothing line. That's what I'm talking about. Yeah. So I'll be draped in that so I'm one of the sponsors. So I need to, I need to get that. I need to talk with him. Yeah. Cause the reason I say that is because I own clothing store two in Texas. Right. You can rock out. Yeah. It's dope. And I know you, I'm looking at you man. You fly as God, flies can be. Yeah man. It's a lifestyle. It's not on me. It's in me. Yeah. I was raised like this. My wife got me like this. Already man. Well man, thank you for so much for coming on the show man. I appreciate y'all for having me. Man, it's been another great segment of Boss Talk 101. And we out.


Hi, you guys. Welcome back to my channel. If you don't know me, my name is my channel's name. My name is Belhika. I've been feeling just weird. I've been in a bad mood. I mean, there's a pandemic. I'm feeling the way that so many of us are feeling and I thought let me just, you know, go on a little drive, maybe go on a walk, and I can talk to you about my experience when I used to and I will soon in the future. But what it used to be like or what it is like when you submit online, so if you do self-submissions, I have been acting for a while and I have an agent in San Francisco and I'm looking for an agent in LA. I'm across the board with MDT in San Francisco. If you don't know what a across-the-board agent is, is somebody who represents you in everything. So for example, MDT in San Francisco is a boutique agency and they offered to represent me across the board a few years ago. So they represent me in fit modeling because there's a decent amount of fit modeling in San Francisco. In the San Francisco Bay area, print, theatrical, so like on camera, voiceover. I do get a few voiceovers and it's Pixar. It's really close to San Francisco. It's in Emeryville. So I wanted to tell you about the part where I self-submit. So usually when there's not a pandemic happening in the world, I will have paid accounts with anything I can get my hands on. So SF Casting, LA Casting, I've dabbled with Actors Access Casting Frontier. So let me just tell you about how that went. You know how many submissions you actually have to do when you are self-submitting in order to book some kind of audition and then after that, of course, actually book the job. I want to get out of the house.  Maybe we'll get something from Starbucks, like the drive-through or something. If it seems like I wear this sweater all of the time, it's because I absolutely do. I don't actually know where I'm going but I do know that getting a little drink as a snack isn't as a treat is always really, really fun. And I've actually been struggling a lot with filming videos the last week and a half. I've been filming them but I've felt like I want to vlog more. I want to be more just me and my personality and still give you acting advice but also be able to vlog because during vlogmas, and I did try a vlogmas, I didn't upload every single day, but I think I uploaded around 18 to 20 videos. I really enjoy just talking and feeling like I'm communicating with a lot of people, especially right now that I don't actually get to communicate with a lot of people. It's fun to just talk about my feelings because that brings me so much sanity and so much joy is talking about my feelings, talking to other people about their feelings because that honestly helps me feel normal and I think that's why other people like talking about their feelings because it makes them feel normal when they feel validated that something is something that other people have gone through and whenever I go through something mentally difficult, I think okay somebody else must have gone through this as well and they likely got through it or you know it's it's gonna be okay. So yes I want to continue doing acting related videos but whenever I try and give you information about a specific thing that's acting related, I have a list of things that I want to make sure that I am telling you so then I feel like a robot and I want to be more judgmental in my advice not so cautious so I want to give you my actual opinion that might sound kind of funny but I want to give you my opinion so if I tell you like that's that's in my opinion that's stupid then I want to be able to tell you I don't want to just be cautious. I got my Starbucks actually I've had it for around 30 minutes and I can't find anywhere to walk around but there are some streets here that are offices and they're all closed and then I'm going to talk to you guys about what I was saying. The reason why I was inspired to film this video is because somebody commented that they had submitted to 14 casting calls and backstage and hadn't heard back from any of them how long should it be before they hear back. I want to talk about that and I want to talk about my experiences with those numbers and what you can expect. I just tried to talk and nothing came out. It feels so good to just be out of the house for more than a couple of minutes and if you are new to acting just if you're an actor in general I want to tell you about the amount of feedback and response you're going to can expect to get in casting websites based off of my experience. When I was doing a lot of submissions on my own on SF casting this is going to be so different for everybody so I'm just going to tell you mine and then you can feel a little more normal if this is what happens to you but I will read every single description of all of the opportunities that are available to me. I get emails for pretty much every you can filter it but I get emails for everything that I might qualify for so and all of those emails sometimes it's not at all what I am like. I don't qualify for any of that because I am not 5'2". I am not a size zero. I'm not a guitar player. When they give you a breakdown of what they're looking for they're looking for something so so very specific and if you aren't perfect for that your chances are of even getting a self-tape audition request are very slim so essentially let me tell you the numbers that I'm going to give you an estimate. So let's say 200 casting calls are posted on SF casting this month I will be really close to perfect to maybe 20 of those and out of those 20 I might get 10 auditions or less likely less likely I'll get five auditions okay so after those five auditions I won't book any maybe I will have to audition five more times before I book one so essentially I'm what I'm saying is if you submit to as many casting calls as you can as many casting calls as you actually are qualified for you might get 10 auditions a month and then from those 10 auditions you might book one. If you want to improve your chances and you want to make sure you're doing everything correctly make sure you have a good updated headshot that looks like you that your resume is updated all of your information is updated if you did a new project put it on there and that you have a reel if you don't have all of these then your chances go way down because in most of these casting websites the people that are looking for actors to audition can filter it to only show people that have everything and of course if you don't have a photo like they're not even going to consider you because that's stupid it's just a name that they want to audition and you know like they can only see your name essentially and even if they can see your name and resume that's still strange if they can't see your photo and you're real your reel gives them an idea of what you look like what you act like on camera and then your photo is what you look like hopefully not over edited and you know just just allow them to see who you are in those auditions and then if you have casting websites that allow you to upload a slate make sure you're just friendly and you're you because think about if you were an employer you would want to hire somebody that seems cool to work with right so don't be crazy and slate in I don't know really aggressively or really tired just be yourself be calm be happy how would you introduce yourself to somebody if you actually introduce yourself to somebody in real life in normal everyday life really aggressively that's interesting so if you are submitting a bunch to different websites backstage actors access casting networks whatever know that if they don't get back to you that's normal that's completely normal they will only get back to you if they want you to film a self-tape audition or if they're interested in working with you otherwise you're not going to hear from them even if you do send them a self-tape audition and you never hear back from them after you sent it don't follow up they 99.9 percent got the audition watched it and aren't interested in uh working with you right now does that mean you should not audition for them again absolutely no I have auditioned so many times for different casting offices that have never booked me and I don't care because I probably wasn't right for that specific role and they are still inviting me to audition so I am still coming because obviously they like me if they didn't like me they would never ask me to audition I know it can be really easy to procrastinate except especially for people who are either new to acting or hate self-tape auditions hate editing themselves which for me at this point I don't remember when it happened but somewhere in the last 10 years I stopped hating my voice and I stopped hating the way I look like on camera for obvious reasons and I've also been editing my youtube videos for so long my self-tape auditions so like I don't care about editing myself um I know a lot of people hate their voice but uh yeah don't procrastinate on doing your self-tape auditions and sending them in so keep submitting two casting calls that are appropriate for you make sure that you have at least your headshot resume and some kind of reel on your casting websites and um don't don't think about the numbers just keep auditioning I always say this people always ask me about um you know when am I gonna hear back or should I follow up all of those things I always say submit it and forget it submit to it and then continue with your day I also have a video from 2018 or 19 where I have an audition tracker and I talk about everywhere that I got my auditions that year I got 82 auditions I think that's what it was the videos I'll link the video and essentially I go through and show you guys everywhere that I got my auditions because that year I did get a lot of auditions and hopefully I'll be able to get a decent amount this year but I I don't keep track of which ones I submit to because that would be absolutely insane maybe I will do a everything I submitted to this month or this week in the future but there's no way I could keep track of what I submit to in an entire year especially because I can't count what my agents submit me to because I have no idea what they submit me for I only know what I actually get a request for a self-tape audition but I'm sure I can ask them for some kind of spreadsheet that shows everything they have booked me for but I don't want to waste their time I don't really need that unless I want to investigate more you know if a certain type of casting company or casting call isn't asking me to audition and maybe I could you know get a new headshot or something to uh market myself more towards that but other than that I I mean I just do my best to whenever I get a self-tape audition to do it and send it quickly and professionally and then wait and see if I get booked because after I audition there's nothing I can do about it I hope you guys enjoyed this video I definitely liked getting out of my house and walking around and just talking at the end of every video I feature another channel this is today's feature if you would like to be featured on my next video make sure you're subscribed like this video and leave me a comment


on her own is a project that establishes on-campus jobs for students who have no other option of earning money other than the sex rate. I loved hearing Chelsea Clinton talking about working in partnership and how there is humility in that and I believe there are lots of people and lots of organizations trying to solve the same problem and working in partnership and in collaboration is a way of doing it efficiently and doing it in a very scalable and global manner as well. We are here because we will try to empower the Greek farmers using modern technology, using drone satellite imaging so on in order to have a better monitoring of their cultivation. I believe that I learned many things. I saw one of the greatest leaders giving a talk to me and I am really thrilled to go back in Greece and try and make things better. Our goal is to inspire people who are currently incarcerated through documentary that follows the lives of formerly incarcerated students and try to motivate them to seek education, something other than what they are used to. Hearing other people's stories and hearing other people's commitments, it kind of makes you feel that you also can do it. We've created an online platform that allows girls in Latin America to achieve their full leadership potential through spotting and solving problems in their communities. There's a gap between these really intense leadership trainings. One gets really jazzed up and then they go home and they don't have a community of support or the tools to really continue their evolution and so this platform seeks to fill that gap but specifically addressing girls who have traditionally been marginalized. We're in a little bit of a slump before this and this has really given us a burst of motivation to keep going forward. It's really cool just to be able to connect and get inspired by each other. I'm really happy that there are people out there believing in the youth. If I were to describe it in one word it would definitely be inspiring. It gives me hope. I am very hopeful after this weekend.


The only way to achieve one's vision, dream or any project in life is to learn how to set goals. Tony Robbins, an American auto-public speaker and life coach said, setting goals as the first step in turning the invisible into the visible. Creating a goal helps to bring your vision to reality because not only do they motivate you but also help you to put efforts in the right direction, it also provides you with a benchmark for determining whether you are succeeding. However, to accomplish your goals, you need to learn how to set smart goals. Setting goals is a process that starts with careful consideration of what you want to achieve and ends with a lot of hard work to do it. According to Johann Wolfgang von Goet, a German writer and statesman, it is not enough to take steps which may someday lead to a goal. Each step must be itself a goal and a step likewise. Again, it's not just about setting goals but setting the right kind of goals that will lead to success. In this video, I'll share with you 5 tips for setting powerful goals. If you're new here, consider subscribing so that you don't miss out on exciting videos like this. 1.  Ted Turner, an American media proprietor, said, you should set goals beyond your reach so you always have something to live for. Michelangelo, an Italian sculptor, also said that, the greater danger for most of us isn't that our aim is too high and miss it but that it is too low and we reach it. When you set goals, they must motivate you, they should be relevant to you and there should be value in achieving them because if you are not interested in the outcome or if they are irrelevant to you in the long run, then you'll likely quit somewhere along the line. To achieve any goal, it requires commitment so to accomplish your mission, you must have some sense of urgency and determination which you can only get if the goal in question is crucial to you. So before you conclude what your goals are, whether career or personal, ask yourself why is the goal important to you? Why is it valuable? Why will anyone be willing to support me? What makes it worthwhile? The answer to these questions are your motivation to succeed no matter how challenging the entire journey may be. 2. Set your goals smart Smart means specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound. Your goal must be clear enough to point out the exact thing that you want, don't be vague. For instance, I want to lose weight is a vague goal. I want to lose 4kg of extra body fat between May 1st and May 1st is more precise. Measurable You must be able to quantify your goals otherwise how do you know whether you are making progress or not. For instance, considering the previous examples, since the timeframe for losing weight is a month, 4 weeks, you can set your target at Lose 1kg every week. That way, you can track your progress every week to know if you are accomplishing your goals or not. Attainable Make sure you set a goal that is possible to achieve. If you don't, you will end up feeling discouraged and disappointed in yourself.  Don't try to get it all at once. You might never be able to do that. Realistic Your goal must be doable, real and practical. A goal has to be something that you can reasonably make a reality in your life. It means that even if it's one to stretch you and push you out of your comfort zone, it is doable. For instance, imagine saying I'll lose 10kg in the next week. I doubt anyone can ever achieve a goal like that. It isn't realistic, time bound. One of the powerful aspects of a great goal is that it has an end, so you should attach a timeframe to it. As time goes by, you work on it because you don't want to get behind and you want to meet the deadline. Again, using the example of the weight loss situation, a person who sets a goal that says I want to lose weight will never be able to achieve anything. However, the one who says I want to lose 4kg of extra body fat between May 1st and May 1st will accomplish this goal because it has all the essentials of a great goal. 3. Write down your goals. When you write your goals, it makes it real and tangible. It also serves as a timely reminder especially when you put it within sight. Have you ever asked yourself why businesses write their business plan? They also state out their visions and mission statement, frame it and hang it in a place where everyone can see it quickly. Doing this reminds you of your goal and also increases your motivation every time you read it. 4. Create an action plan. Goal setting and accomplishment is a process that involves a lot of planning and smaller steps to succeed. Yes, you have a bigger goal but you also need to set smaller goals to put plans in place to help you achieve these goals until you get to your final destination. For instance, when you say you will lose 4kg of extra fat within the next 4 weeks, what plans do you intend to take to get this done? You can start by creating a food table that is calorie deficit. You can also create a workout schedule that specifies what exercise you intend to do each day and what time of the day you want to do it. It sounds like a plan doesn't it? With a plan like this, you can accomplish your goal quickly unlike when you don't create action plans to help you succeed. 5. Be accountable. When someone knows about your goal, you are likely going to push yourself to accomplish that goal no matter what it takes because you have to give account of your progress to that person from time to time. A goal isn't as powerful if you don't have one or more people who can hold you accountable to it. Thank you very much for watching our videos. If you like this video, watch more videos on our channel and subscribe. We love you.