And it occurs to me that today we treat kissing very cavalier, but more importantly, we treat sex as equally cavalier when it comes to the mating process. And so in many cases where, and particularly for men, I think, you know, people now evaluate kissing as very benign, but also for men in particular, that sex is rather benign. In other words, it's no big deal. And yet, when you're in the dating process and you get physically intimate with someone, you might feel like you're getting to know them.  And you might believe that someone is being intimate with you. And yet sadly, many men don't value physical intimacy as something that is emotionally intimate. And so today we're going to lean into the conversation of how to actually determine if someone is even capable of being emotionally intimate with you. Now, I think it's important to recognize that when men, for those of you that have heard the rhetoric that men are on the hunt, excuse me, men are on men love the chase. And they might seem like they're very open and emotional during this period of time. And that's certainly true at a baseline level. A man can be rather open in the beginning, especially if he's talking about his past and he's talking about it from a problematic perspective. And what I mean to say, you have to be very careful for those that talk about their past relationships in a negative light. And the reality is, is for those of us in midlife, for those of us in midlife, there's a good chance we've had one, two, three significant relationships. There might be a marriage in there for some people, there might be two marriages, there might be a long term relationship in there, or a series of short lived relationships. When someone is complaining about their past, it might seem like they're being vulnerable. They might be authentic and they're transparent. And yet, are they really capable of opening up to you at a deeper emotional level? And today, we're going to explore what is needed for that for a man to actually open up at a deeper emotional level. I think it's important to recognize that in today's dating, unlike the past, used to be in the past that when a man liked you, he pursued you. You love the idea of him being chivalrous and he's opening car doors and he's taking you out to dinners. And there's oftentimes romance that seems to be the hook to bring someone in. Now today, people are hyper focused on what their list covers. And more important, they're hyper focused on attraction, especially in the area of looks. Instead of some of the important characteristics needed for a healthy happy relationship, which I'm going to share in a moment. But I want you to think about this for a second. In today's dating market environment, unlike the past, there's such a hyper focus on our list of what we need, because many of us have a list of what we don't want. Let me ask you something. Do you have a list of what you don't want in a relationship? I'm sure you have a list of boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. In addition, we then hyper focus on attraction, that romantic piece, that physical attraction piece, instead of the real roots to a healthy happy relationship. Have any of you watched the Indian matchmaking? This is a matchmaker from India that tries to pair people together based on a lot of criteria that isn't necessarily based on looks, but it's more based on values. That's right. When two people connect because their values are aligned and their lifestyles are aligned. And more importantly, their emotional maturity aligned, they have a greater chance for relationship success. In a moment, I'm going to share with you what's it going to take for a man to open up. But I want to share with you six things that are critically important for a relationship to actually take off. I got sidetracked for a moment and it's important to physically be in each other's presence regularly during a short period of time. In other words, during a six-week period of time, ideally seeing each other as much as you possibly can see each other to truly get to know one another because what is dating? Dating is a process of getting to know another person. It's evaluating if this person is capable of a serious relationship. And yet, again, many of you are hyper focused on the need for romance to feel a sense of attraction for a person instead of the more important things that we're going to talk about right now. So what is needed to actually get a man to open up? Well, for two people, they need to have good character. Now, I believe most people have good character for the most part. Good character. In other words, most people are good people. There's very few truly bad people in the world. Most people have decent character. But they need to be kind as well. And there are a lot of wounded human beings that aren't very kind. And yes, there are a lot of wounded beings that their character isn't about being mindful for others. It's more about themselves. I get that. More importantly, they need to have an agreeable and give her type of personality. This is something to really focus on. Are they a giver? Are they do they have an agreeable personality?  They're critical. In addition, they need to Did I talk? Oh, I forgot to talk about fun and playfulness. That's critically needed for a healthy, happy relationship for two people to have fun and two people to have play. And beside the last one, they need to be intentional. Do they intentionally want something beyond the surface? And last but not least, have they healed from the wounds from their past? Because if you really want to get a man to get a sense of how a man feels about you, it's critically important to get a sense of his past relationships, his past relationships, and find out what happened in those past relationships because your past is an indicator of how you would operate in the future. And yet, many of you, I've done this myself. I've listened to a person talk about their past relationships. They were so wounded from their last relationships. They were so hurt that quite frankly, that bleeds in that residue bleeds into their capacity to actually be truly intentional in any future relationship. So sadly, folks, dating is a process of being a detective. And one of the most important questions you might want to consider asking a man is how can I trust you beyond fidelity? How can I trust you? Why should I trust you? Another question, how and why should I trust you? And trust, and it's critically important, this doesn't have to do with fidelity. This is, how do I know you have my best interest in hand? How do I know you have my best interest in hand? Folks, let me tell you something. If you approach the process from a strong, confident perspective in your sovereignty and your self-worth, but also a sense of virtue, most men, if you are intentional by declaring what it is you want in relationship, it will scare the looky lose away. It will scare the looky lose away. Because believe it or not, men do have a virtue button within them. If they believe that you're virtuous, they are less likely to use you. That's right, they're less likely to use you. Now, that means that 90% of men will run if you set your intention, you establish your standards early on. So what do standards look like? Well, I'm going to give you an example of the standard I used. I wandered a relationship where we saw each other at least two, three or four days and nights a week together, doing shared activities, hobbies, mutual interest, spending time with family and friends, traveling together, teamwork building skills both in our personal and our professional life, intimacy, both physical and emotional intimacy that led to either moving in together or getting married. So that was my standard. What is your standard? My invitation for you is to really decide what is your standard. But Jonathan, I'm in a relationship with a guy that lives 100 miles away and we don't get to see each other very frequently. Folks, telephone-based relationships are the weakest form of relationship. If you really want to know how a man feels about you, it is going to happen in physical presence with one another. It is in the doing of things together. I've interviewed now a dozen of my friends who have recently, when I say recently, in the last 10 years met someone, and most of them, by the way, 95% of this group of men I'm talking to had met their partner through an online connection, through an online connection. Whether it was a dating app, whether it was a social media app, they met through an online connection. And the one common denominator was when they liked this person, they wanted to spend as much time as possible with this person. That's a good indicator. And these are the men capable of opening up because they actually want to build a life with someone. When you're doing part-time dating, when you're doing part-time relationships, they turn into casual relationships because there's no real deep roots of trust built in the early stage. And more importantly, it's not just trust, it's a deep sense of friendship with someone. Folks, I know many of you believe you have friends because you're talking to them on the phone, and it's great that you feel connection with them. And they might even open up over the phone. You might be thinking they're totally opening up. But guess what? Opening up over the phone is no different than someone talking to a therapist on a phone. If you want to build a deep, rooted relationship with someone, it's going to require. It takes, look at, Jay Shetty says it takes about 40 hours of face-to-face time to get to know someone. I say it takes about 100 hours of face-to-face time just to build the first layer of trust. And Jay Shetty goes on to say it takes 200 hours of face-to-face time to build a friendship with someone. And let me just say this, this 200 hours has to happen in a relatively short period of time, not over years, not over years. And so this is the challenge that many people face is that they believe that the man that they're talking to on the phone is opening up, but they're not engaging in a relationship with you because truly getting to know someone, truly getting a man to open up is going to happen in the doing of things when you can actually do things together and then talk about the things that you're doing together. Is this making sense? Is this resonating with you all? I hope it is because ladies, you are in charge of your relationship, Destiny, not the guy. I know many of you would like to just sit back in your feminine energy and let the man lead, but as I've said repeatedly, folks, most men are clueless. They're winging it. They're winging it. When you establish your standard, when you establish your boundaries, it gives the man a roadmap. And when it comes to opening up to a man, let me just say this, to get to know how a man feels, it starts by leading by example. We men are poor communicators of our feelings. So when you begin to express your feelings, when you start to express and like it's when I talk about expressing your feelings, it starts by saying, I like you. That's a great way to say that's something how you feel.  I appreciate you. I care about you. Tell me more. I'd like to hear about things.  One of the most critically important things you must be aware of has this person healed from their past relationships. Because again, for those of us in midlife who have had maybe one, two or three significant relationships, if someone is truly wounded from their past relationships, it makes your relationship with them is the placeholder relationship oftentimes we call this the transition relationship. The relationship with you ends up healing him. But guess what happens? He then ends the relationship with you to be a bright shiny penny with someone else. This is why if people haven't truly done the inner work to heal. By the way, for example, in my book, what the heck is self love anyway, a journey of personal development, self help and spiritual work, all the links below I recommend are of my books are I have an outline of books I highly recommend here. Recommended reading, studying, teachings and workshops to actually for you also to heal so you can be in a better place. But again, human beings by the time they middle hit midlife, we have this belief that they're more emotionally mature. But guess what? Most men in particular and women too are emotionally constipated. They're backed up because there's a there's a blockage in many of them. So while they might want some occasional companionship while they might want some occasional connection, while they might occasionally want sex with you. It's more critically important to evaluate this person's capacity to actually open up because you can't take a broken person and hope they'll open up or you can. But what oftentimes happens and I'm just being mindful, listen, I'm your protector. I'm your big brother. If I could be there on a first date, I'd have the shotgun pointed at the guy's face and saying what's your intentions with my sister because it used to be if you treated someone poorly, there was a consequence to it. You have to be your own matchmaker.  No one else is being your advocate. Is this sinking in? Is this resonating? Look at one of the things I do in my private coaching when I work with clients is I help them be a better picker to fix their broken picker because we all have a broken picker. Because again, we hype tend to hyper focus on the list and we hyper focus on looks instead of character, kindness, fun and playfulness, agreeable giver, intentional and more importantly healed. If you need some support, check out the link right here to free discovery call. There's a link below to schedule a call to see if working with a coach is right for you. All right. I think this will be a great place to start taking questions since we're doing a live stream today. If you're following my live and you have a question, write the word question then post the question thereafter. Or you can purchase a super sticker super chat. There's a little dollar sign in the chat box. All the monies from the super sticker super chat goes to a scholarship fund in the name of my son Connor Asley. That's a picture of him right there. That's my son who passed away over almost five years ago in his honor. I donate to causes like the Hoffman Process and Insight Institute. And if you're watching the replay, please hit that super thanks button as well. All right. If you have a question, again, post the question in the chat box. We are going to take questions. Let's see. Leaf goes on. By the way, leaf is in the house. True. CC. That's when one or another makes necessary decision after the appropriate discussion. Can rent out your place or accept friendship and be happy for one another and find someone else. Oh, you're commenting on someone else. Okay. Thanks, leaf. Mary says, what if you're too old to form a lifelong relationship but still want to be with someone? Well, listen, the internet is riddled riddled or not riddled. It is a plethora, excuse me, a plethora of people that simply want a casual relationship. If all you want is a casual part-time relationship, believe me. Actually, I think you would have a better chance of getting all of the wounded men that's all they want. So yes, you don't have to build a lifelong relationship with someone. That just happens to be what I advocate for. That's what I advocate for. I work with women who actually want life partners. And oh my God, I got a letter or I got a postcard from a client who just got married and she attributes it to the videos and the work I've done with her. So I get those all the time engagements living together. So for those that are intentional, I can help you. But believe me, there are plenty of men out there that want casual relationships. All right, Elena goes on to ask question. Debster D how to wait, Debster D how to date a widower? What's a proper amount of time for him to wait to date after the death? Excuse me for slurping. By the way, my coffee mug says swear a little, you'll feel better. By the way, folks, these are my weekend videos where I don't swear. This is a very tricky one. It depends on how she passed away and it also depends on how deeply in love he was with her. I think today, in fact, my ex-mother-in-law, she married a widower. In fact, she ended up being married to him longer than he was married to his wife, who he had three children with and they were married for 25 years. And he had been, I think his wife passed away a year before he met her. Okay, so this is a very tricky question. So it comes back to what I was starting to say. It depends on how she passed away. Was it cancer? Was it an accident? Was it abrupt? And it depends on how deeply in love he was with her. A lot of men who are widowers, keep in mind, if he deeply loves someone and passed away, that's going to be part of his life.   I didn't stop loving him when he passed away. So many of you who are dating widowers need to know that you might, there is a ghost in the room often times, but that doesn't mean that they're not capable of building a new life with someone else. So I don't want to set an actual rule of time, but it certainly depends on has he healed from that, just like it took me a long time to heal after my son passed away. And I would say a good couple years might be needed for someone to actually be capable of leaning into a healthy, happy relationship. So thank you so much for that question. All right. Dexter D. Oh, I didn't know there's no question there. So any rights question, I'm dating a guy and he is busy with work. When I meet him, he doesn't ask that many questions to get to know me, but still text every day he expresses in the beginning he wants to build something. Okay. So this is a let me just put it bluntly. When a man is into you, he wants to monopolize your time. That's it. When a man puts you in the maybe category, he might be communicating with other women.  In other words, he there's a connection with you. And people are lonely today. People are thirsty for connection. We live in a world now where there's not listen, we live in a dysfunctional world. And let me explain what I mean by this. I watch history. Think about hundreds of years ago when you lived in tribes, when you lived in community, you felt a sense of oneness with other people in your lives. Today people are very isolated. You know, you might have a small circle of friends and you're not interacting with them on a day in, day out basis. So what happens is we use technology to temporarily feed our need of significance, our need for connection, but it doesn't necessarily mean that they want a significant relationship with you folks. When a man is into you, when he feels like you're not the one, but one that he wants to maybe consider, he will spend as much time with you. So the fact that he's busy and the fact that he just because he texts doesn't mean it's anything. It really doesn't mean anything. I would say be dating other people and don't don't give your heart to someone who can't spend regular time with you. All right. Yvette says, question, is it passivity for a man that has just finished his divorce, be capable of being in a relationship, or should there be a particular amount of time for him to process? Okay, listen, somebody who's done a lot of personal development work, self-help and spiritual work, they don't need nearly as much time to process the ending of relationship for those compared to those who have done little or no work on themselves. So what's the definition of insanity doing the same thing over and over again, expecting different results? So when someone ends a relationship, they haven't evaluated, they might focus on what they don't want going forward, but they haven't really evaluated the real ending of that relationship. And so it doesn't matter the time. I mean, sure, they might, but they could take years. If they've done no work, they may never heal. So it's really how much work have they done to heal their past will be the indicator of how they'll actually process a new relationship in the future. Is that making sense of that? Okay, question. Stay well and strong says, have you seen different relationship challenges during COVID-19? Well, different date, different relationship challenges, you know, I think COVID was a reset on some level. And you really got some couples really got to see who they were really with and they found out that they were with someone who wasn't truly compatible with them. Again, they've hyper focused on the surface level of relationships. I think, oh, and by the way, the other thing about COVID, I know couples that had completely different opinions about COVID and different opinions about vaccines. And I know two married people that literally have brought them to the brink of ending their relationship over their opinions on this. So, you know, when they say opposites attract, I'm like, no, they don't attract one another. They can repel one another. But I don't really know how to answer that question without maybe if you had a specific example, we could explore that one. So, thank you for the question. Any rights question, a life together and have kids, but he has a busy work life and he broke up with wait, and his ex broke up with him for that reason. I don't want to make the same mistake. I'm anxious. Okay, some men have their libido in their professional life, their whole existence centers around their professional life. And what they're seeking is a part time companion, part time connection, part time sex, they might even commit to that by being monogamous and exclusive. But are they really wanting to build a life with you? That's a question that you want to explore again. The more you ask more folks, I talk about it radical honesty, laying your cards on the table and the rules of engagement. What is radical honesty? Being vulnerable, being authentic, being transparent, laying your cards on the table. That is basically sharing your past experiences and what did you learn from your past experiences and you both engage in that. And the rules of engagement is what is the standard going forward if we are going to explore a relationship together? Folks, remember I started this conversation about kissing and sex? These are two intimate things. And yet we treat them so cavalierly. And yet they're the, that's, that's, listen, the ideal relationship is being with your best friend who you get to have sex with. That's the best relationships. Today we focus on the sex piece instead of building the real friendship piece. And if someone doesn't have a lifestyle that can, that fits into building friendship, then what's the point of being with them? Anyway, that's my two cents on that, any. Jehalar writes question. I'm 54 and still clam up like a teenager when I meet a man that I really like. I have important questions but can't seem to ask, what is my problem? Well, it's scary to ask these questions. It's scary because you might, you have a fear that it might scare a man away. But I want you to think about it. If you met someone new as a friend, just merely as a friend, would you be afraid to ask questions? I don't think so. By the way, I've come to the conclusion why I clean my glasses so much is because I need new glasses. These are cloudy now. So I think by doing cleaning them, I think I'm fixing them. Folks, it takes courage to open up. It takes a lot of courage. It's not easy to open up to another person. I get it. It's not easy. But at the same time, that's where intimacy is built. So start small. By the way, there's an app here called Cardex. This is by the Gottman Institute. And here's, they have great, listen, date questions. What would you do if you won $100,000? What toys did you like playing as a kid? When you were a kid, do you remember what you liked to do? If you had a superpower, what would it be? Folks, I want you to think about this. Given the fact that we're meeting total strangers and we know nothing about their backstory. When I said it takes 100 hours of face-to-face time to build trust, think of all the questions you need answered. To really trust this person. And yet today trust is built if a man gives you, loves bombs you and tells you how wonderful and validates you for a period of time.   The longer you hold off being physically intimate with someone, the greater chance for relationship success. And so by taking, listen, by, you know, most people have sex on the first, second, third date these days. I'm saying try to hold out till the seventh, eight, ninth, tenth date to have sex. Least you get a better sense. And 10 dates in a relatively short period of time, you have a better chance of knowing who this person is. All right, I think this will be our last, oh, this is one from one of our Facebook members, by the way, or excuse me, from my group, Midlife Love Mastery. In the link below, if you want to have direct access to me on a regular basis, check out my group called Midlife Love Mastery. Question. When you feel his interest waning, what's the best way to ask about his intentions? Simply that, what are your intentions? You know, I once, I once had a woman, I briefly dated a woman for three weeks and I started to pull back and she said something that really helped initiate the conversation. She said, Jonathan, my intuition is telling me that you're pulling back is my intuition right. And in that, I was able to open up and say, you know, I just wasn't feeling what I'd hope to be feeling at this point. I wasn't feeling what I'd hope to be feeling at this point. And she goes, I guess there's no other place to go. And I said, yes, I mean, I, folks, you know, when a man genuinely wants to explore a relationship with you, he's going to be intentional day in, day out, day in, day out. Now, maybe the first couple dates, there's this, there's this kind of like, I'm not sure, but by the time a guy gets to seven, eight, nine, 10 dates with you, and he's progressing, he's progressing it forward. And again, in a short period of time, at least within a six week, three to six week period, you should have physically seen each other at least seven to 10 times within a three to six week period with each other. And then if he starts pulling back, the reality is, you know, here's the thing. Love is an intangible. It's something we can't control. We're either feeling it or not. You have a greater chance for success when someone is again, in a short period of time, progressing the relationship forward, provided he is healed from his past relationships, you have a greater chance for success. Is this sinking in? Is this resonating? Please let me know. All right, folks, this is my Sunday video. I really wanted to just jump on, share a little bit and then move forward. I appreciate all the comments here. I hope you had value in this. If you did, please check out the links below to a discovery call with me to see if working with the coach is right for you. My group, Midlife Love Mastery, you can check out my dating vows. You can follow me on Instagram. If you liked this video, please hit that thumbs up button. Please share this video. Please subscribe to my channel. And I'm going to wrap up this video as I always do.  I'm going to reach into the camera and give you a hug of love if that's okay. I'm going to ask you to turn to someone, a pet, Teddy Bear pillow. You have itter them a hug of love because hugs are a great source of love. And let's face it, we could all use more love in our lives. I want to thank, let's see, I want to thank Elena and Sandra and our Facebook group, Midlife Love Mastery in Maryland, and Julie and Gail and Charlotte and Power of Chee and Christine and Kingsdale. And Leif is in the house. Everyone, thanks so much. You have a great weekend. Bye now.


so you can hear that, yeah? If you're aged 50 to 64, it's time to boost your protection from COVID-19. Your protection from previous vaccines or from COVID-19 infection decreases over time. Your next vaccine will help protect you from serious illness in the months ahead. Book an appointment at a HSC vaccination center on hse.ie. Call our team in HSC Live on 1800-700-700 or contact a participating GP or pharmacy from the HSC for us all. Broadcasting throughout the Northwest and across the world online, this is Highland Radio. Hello, and a very good Sunday afternoon. We are broadcasting, it's Greg Hughes here, by the way, and thank you very much to our regular presenters who've given us their two hours for this Sunday for a very special program. We are broadcasting live from the 10th anniversary of the LIVC Vintage Day at Chirconel Park Grounds here, and it's quite a unique event. It's like a bit of Ireland in the heart of London, here in West London, at the very least. We are here, as I say, for the next couple of hours. We've got loads of great guests for you to meet. We've got musical guests. We've got the charities we're joining so they're benefiting from. This packy boner will be joining us, and the list goes on and on and on. And very shortly, Tiny Vaughan's going to be joining us. He's the organizer, Brendan Tiny Vaughan. Now, if you want to watch the program, we are streaming live across our website, highlandradio.com. You can go on to our website and watch the program and see our guests. There's a lot of noise here, so hopefully you'll be able to hear us okay, but it is buzzing. There's going to be about 10 or 12,000 people here a little later on, and they're starting to fill in. For those of you who are watching our social media as well, you will see on screen the stage where the artists are going to be performing a little later on, and they're doing their warm-ups. So hopefully, you can hear me okay. By the way, we want you to be involved in the program. You can WhatsApp and text<PHONE_NUMBER>,<PHONE_NUMBER>, or give us a call on<PHONE_NUMBER>. And Caroline's actually at base, taking your calls again today, and we can access your WhatsApps and what have you. If you want to say hello, we'll play a request to whatever it is. Right, Brendan Vaughan joins us now. Brendan, thank you very much for joining us here in Highland Radio, and good morning to you. Good morning. Well, good afternoon, in fact. You can tilt that up to you a little bit. All right, so it is good to have you on the program, and it's good that this day has finally arrived. It's been really two or three years in the making, hasn't it, Danny? It has, I mean, everybody's very disappointed that there was no vintage day here for the last two years. But now we're finally here, and the support we get here in London is incredible, you know. I'll give you an example. I mean, Martin Flanley, the family just celebrated 50 years at a different county meal. This isn't an inequality. This is an A&H day in London, and Flanley's over here celebrating 50 years, which is a remarkable achievement. And I just phoned him, and 45 gallons on the white diesel hands down to fill all the generators, and even I got Paul McDonald's fan filled as well. And you kind of have, I wouldn't say it's a love-hate relationship, but I think when your number comes up on the really successful people in Dunnley Golden elsewhere, they will always answer it, but they know you're looking for something. Oh Christ, I mean, someone don't want to answer the floor at all, but I, in general, we've got a great response here, you know. You've got Kevin Tifty, who sponsored Highland Radio, and Declan Alco and a way down to pick up a guitar that Nathan Carter forgot, you know, the band forgot. Imagine, what do you call it, talking to going to hang a door and they don't take the tools with you? I know, I know. But I mean, we're here to help. Don't be too hard on him. He hasn't started singing yet. You can talk about that tomorrow. But I mean, the incredible help we get here, you know, I mean, I asked Keith Mallow from one Charles for two generators, and they were here within an hour. You know, that's, see, unless you get, take all the boxes, or one cog machine, you just can't do this to you, simple as that. So it is one day, it's been a long time coming, maybe 10, 12,000, who's to say how many might turn up? Everyone from Donegal seems to be here because I bumped into so many people from Donegal over the last, the last day or so. And also there's a huge population of people from all of our end, of course. Of course. Particularly Donegal, North Donegal, like we were last night and saw a lot of people who have made new lives for themselves here, be it temporarily or permanently young people, middle aged people, older people. That's correct. And I mean, I just, there's another thing I'm thinking of doing now, a lot of people interested would do the tractor on from London to Donegal, and the amount of people that are mad to do it next April. You know, that's the support you get from any shown and Donegal. I couldn't praise any shown people enough. Is also about raising money for charity. The Peace Hospice, Watford, dementia concern, Ealing, Southern Helping Hands, which provides assistance to adults with learning and physical disabilities. Wernwood Scrubs Pony Club. It's equine therapy for children with special needs or physical disabilities. And it's... All four excellent challenges. To be able to support them. And I'll be doing an auction here. I'm no professional hero. I'll be up there golden on the stage. But we're going to make a good donation to as well to the funeral cost of Tom O'Halloran who's tragically killed down at Greenford Station, which is just down the road from what you know. Yeah, okay. Right, so, what's going on here today? And I'll let you go, because you've got a lot of things to do. You've got a stage behind you there. That's where the main acts are going to be lining up. Around David James, Nathan Carter and others. That's right. It starts about one. There's another stage down the field a bit. That's Trad, Irish dancing. Yes. There's a fun fair. There's a lot of machinery that's arrived over the last couple hours. I went out to Waxham there, Jerry's Cross there, and I met Mickey Moss from Ajaian and Tony McGovern, who owns a bit of land. And, hey, the amount of stuff that was there I couldn't believe it. I don't know why Facebook live, but it's unbelievable how much stuff's here today. You know, all Irish men that come here to support this. And they were the only Royal County Council, Gary Martin and Pachy Bonner, all the way from KJU. Money's a time, man. How much battles on the field play. We keep trying to refute this. I've never heard Pachy mention these battles once. I always wonder about them, you know what? Because I would be a bit stutter than them. Right, come here. If I get stuck, I might come back to you. But for now, thanks, Tiny. Thank you very much. And thanks to Highland Radio and all the Donegal people that support us and the wider Irish community that come here. And the folk village behind you there, and Peter Colombo, that got them over here. It's unbelievable. And Margaret Rose will be on now in a wee minute, you know, playing the fiddle or whatever. We've got a producer now here. Who needs Donna Marie? You've got Tiny bottom. Listen, I'll welcome him. Thanks very much, Jeff Brennan. We'll chat to you soon. Are you going to talk to Pachy now? Yes, we are going to talk to Pachy Brennan.  I don't believe a word he was saying about him being the best. So who got about you then? I think one of us was said off. Of course the best. Next thing you know, we're talking about all the cats for Ireland. Yes, absolutely. Come here. You really enjoy being involved in stuff like this Pachy, don't you? I know you were here the last time we were here a couple of years ago. I know you were down at the Legends Tour as well. And you use your profile and your time to talk about the positives of Donegal, don't you? Of course. And listen, I've been away from home for 44 years, living in Glasgow. And I've been asked by the Donegal County Council and Gary Martin in particular to come and be part of all of these events. And I love it because you're meeting people, you're meeting Donegal people, you're meeting people who have been away like myself, who still have got that love for home, get home whenever they can. And they miss it, but when they're away, they're supporting Donegal. I hope we have here today. It's going to be an incredible day as Brendan, of course, has already mentioned all the people that's going to come. So for me, it's a positive, reaching out to Donegal, they ask around the world, not just here in London, but in Glasgow and going to America and so on. And I can see that love that they have for home and that. And what I've also sort of been blown away with is just from my involvement with Donegal County Council over the last number of years, is what they're actually doing at home. Donegal is still Donegal. We all remember Donegal as it was, but it's moved on to a completely different level now and what they're doing is incredible. And wherever there are deficits, we have to talk about that too, right? But what I think we're getting better at now is promoting our positives. And rather than just talking, getting things sorted. I mean, in terms of the infrastructure, there are a lot of things that need to be improved, but we have better broadband access. It's not terrible. We're starting to get that message out there, that Gulf event, Paul McGinley sort of what he has done over the last while as well. And as I mentioned earlier, you were involved in that. You know, real positive stuff that the tourists want to hear that it's good that we're getting out there. Yeah, and the experience of people coming now, whether you're coming on holiday, whether you're coming, moving back home, whether Donegal County Council is there to actually help you. But I think now is a real positive. I was home in the summer for four or five weeks. My daughter got married there. We had about 120 people that kept from Glasgow. And I can tell you, they partied, but they really, really loved coming over there. A lot of them had Donegal connection, but some of them actually had never been to Donegal before.   But if you get the good weather in this plan B, then you certainly will come for the rest of your life. Well, as I said, perhaps we have everything. If you look at the German tours or the French tours getting off the bus in Donegal Town in the summer, they've got their wet gear on. They live there that are walking around in denial in our t-shirts sometimes. Yeah, but listen, it doesn't matter of what. Even if it's bad weather, you're still going to have a huge experience. And I think it's about the people too. Yes, you talked about infrastructure and all that. But I've seen huge improvements in that. You know, the broadband, people talk about Donegal being remote. It's probably one of the fastest broadband, fiber broadband you can get. So businesses moving back, people moving back to work remotely. I wouldn't call it remotely, but working maybe in an area where they can get a balance of life. All these things that are hugely important to people's lives now. I think the COVID thing has learned us a lot that we can actually do it. Before people said, no, we can't do that. But now they realize that they can do it. And there's loads and loads of examples of people working there, working for companies who are multi-national companies all over the world, but are working in Donegal and enjoying their life balance. And that is a huge positive for Donegal.  And then you have almost a fresh mind to carry on with your life. And that's it.  So all of those things are really, really positive. To help promote and get out there because people need to realize it. Yeah, for sure. Just a couple of things before I let you go to about the diaspora element of it too. I think it's important and we talked a little bit offered that it's a two-way street. Like we've come over here and I've been speaking to people from our country and I know it's an old Ireland event and it's nice to come over and chat to them and celebrate that. And what they do is they help and support young people who are over here studying or whatever. Sometimes you have to go outside of Ireland and they seem to have sort of lost a little bit at home at times. Yeah, I think when I went away there was people there in Glasgow that I made contact Irish people who have done well for themselves. But also they always have this sort of thing about helping our locals when they go away. You know, maybe we don't do that at home at times. We can almost give out about people. But when you go away you become very clannish. You want to help our young people, our people who are going. And our young people now are every part of the world. But they're also now going away for different types of work. They're not going away just for type of work. They're going away and they're building their careers in companies. They're on boards and they're willing to bring that back into Donegal also. And I think those are big, big positive messages. And that's what I notice anyway when I'm working around the world talking to people from the Donegal background. So it's really, really positive. And our young people are that's our future. I know, yeah. And in fairness, I was watching the Late Late Show. I don't watch it very often. I'm not sure you're probably busy. But Michael Flatley gets a lot of stick. Michael Flatley. But he's some really strong and positive words along the lines of what you're saying there. Finally, you've pulled on a Donegal jersey. It's not maybe what, unless people are watching at home. It's not the traditional. It's a new jersey that's been designed. Donegal County Cancer involved. It's not in your face. It's got Donegal branding. It's Ireland's DNA. What do you think of it? It's nice. I like it. It's lovely actually. And we're just talking to Gary's wife actually coming out. She wants to maybe do one with a bit of pink in it for the gender balance. And we'll do that. But I think the logo is really special. And it's a logo and a brand that they want to promote. So from that perspective, I'm quite happy to wear anything Donegal. It almost gives you a bit of pride and passion when you have something on there. Yeah, exactly. And I actually got one. I've been campaigning to get one of these times. I had a double XL though. You'll be probably extra small. No, I'm extra small across the chest. I'm extra small across the tank. Come here, Paki. Thanks so much for joining us. Pleasure. And listen, I hope everybody's got a fantastic... The weather's good. Isn't it? Tiny's here organizing everything. That's Brendan, of course. And the people's coming now. So it's brilliant. How did you get on with the legends, by the way? I enjoyed it. I ended up wanting it for... It was a runoff. I played with Paul and I played with Nick Jobden, the other pro and two people from England. And we had a wonderful day. I really, really enjoyed myself. It was like a Stuttgart day for me. You remember Stuttgart when we beat England 1-0? It was one of those days. Everything went right. Absolutely right. And ended up one of the things which was a big, big surprise. And I represented Critch Island. That was more important. Well, listen, congratulations. It's always a pleasure to have you on Highland Radio. And I keep doing the brilliant work that you do. Thank you very much. Thank you. That is Paki Bohn of there. We're broadcasting live for the London Radio. We're here in London, as you can imagine. We are on the grounds of the Chicano Gales GEA Football Club. We've got loads of people for you to meet over the course of the next however long is left of our two hours. Just to remind you, of course, you can listen to the program as you are, hopefully, listening to the program. But if you want to watch the show and see our guests and get a sense of the atmosphere as the crowds build up, well, then you can hop onto our website there or go straight to YouTube, Highland Radio Ireland, or on our Facebook pages. And you know what as well? You can watch that later if you like. It will be there online for you to watch or listen back to whenever you want. Okay. It's not the 9-10 noon show. I don't know how to hand to an handbrake if I'm not on between 9 and 12. It's the Sunday afternoon show. So we call it that. It's live from London and we'll be back with more after we take this commercial break. Stay where you are. I can't stop thinking about them. I keep rereading their old texts. Brian, Brian, this has got to stop. It's been months and they send those alerts to everyone. You know that, right? Look, your bank is leaving. Would you got to get back out there? Listen to me. Any bank would be lucky to have you, especially Bank of Ireland. Really? Yeah, they've even put together a simple step-by-step guide to move on banks and have a dedicated team on hand to help. Even an independent bank can be a new beginning to start finding your new banking partner. Search Bank of Ireland big move begin. Bank of Ireland is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Okay, you're very welcome back to the program. I want to say a big hello to Brendan McCarry boys from Chrysler and living in Maidenhead and Justice, Justice and family also want to wish Barry all a happy 50th birthday. He's listening back to us. You can do so right now on 0860 25000. They're coming directly to us here in London. We'll give us a call on 07491 25000 and we will get to that too as well. Righty O. Now, we are joined on the program by Margaret Rose Cunningham, manager of the Glen Column Kill Folk Village. Good morning to you. Tell us about the work that you're doing out there. Well, I've been working for 55 hours open this year and it's a Thatch College Village, a Seaside Thatch College Village. We've come back to the 1700s and it was built by a great priest called Father James McDowell to help stem some immigration from the area and save a lot of the lovely cultural items and customs of the area. And you've set up next door to us here. You're often told to tell us what you have on display here for the wonderful people of London and those that have come to visit today. It's a very tactile stand. You can actually take part if you want. You can make a St Bridges Cross or I'm Spinning Will and we've got some small frames. People can weave or they can knit and they can learn about Glen Column Kill and Donegal as well. We're delighted to be back here again. This is our fifth year here and Glen Column Zalo. Two of us will be delighted to matches. And it's a lovely atmosphere. I don't know, it's particularly nice this year. I was very lucky to be here for the last one and the crowds are just coming in now. The music and all hasn't really started yet but there's a lovely buzz, isn't there? There is an amazing buzz and I found that life in general even visitors we have also. The Folk Village people are so happy to meet each other. They're so happy to chat but the atmosphere here today is absolutely amazing. I've got a lot of people around here. You've got a good one for yourself, Greg. Well I know that's not true because I was under quite a lot of pressure to join plus and I actually did resist. We were lucky enough to visit a couple of the bars. We skipped between two of them and it was lovely atmospheres but it was just like being in Donegal which is great but you know all the people from the county and further afield in Ireland, all into these areas where DJ Tubsy was in and James was in another bar and we're in London and you've got all these localised performing to Irish people and obviously locals in inverted commas. David James was amazing last night. We actually recorded a video at the Folk Village two weeks ago on Glencombe Kill and we'll be coming out in October. It's quite spirited, Jim fell, it's so talented but we might feel so welcome here among the whole community. It's just great. So talk to me just finally in case you didn't mention at the beginning in terms of visiting the Glencombe Kill Folk Village. Is it a summer thing? Is it all year round? Is it open to guests? Sell it? Well, we actually open mostly from Easter until the end of October but we had a very exciting year this year. Lee Mason made a movie in Glencombe Kill and his set was in the Folk Village and we actually got to open early, like we got to open from March on because of that. So whether we come out next year and it's quite an exciting thing. It's a kind of non-stop shop. They can eat beautiful traditional food there. They can swim, they can get a gaiter to a self-gaiter. It's in ten different languages as well. So I'm really excited to be back up in one of my games too.  What are you looking forward to about today? Well, definitely, kind of selling to the girl and it's nice to bring a bit of home over and make people feel that we haven't forgotten about them. We're the lucky ones getting to live them to the girl and it's nice to share that and you get great feedback. And this is a little bit by the by. The last time we were here, it was brilliant but I think it's actually been set up a little bit better this time around. It's wonderful. Everything seems more compact. Well, right here, beside you, beside the man's stage, we can see the VIP tent. We're trying to catch a couple of tickets in there later and the trucks and the cars, everything is just amazing. Everybody's looking really well too, aren't they? They're big goggles. Listen, thank you so very much. It's been lovely having you on the programme. All right, thank you so much indeed. 086, 60, 25,000 WhatsApps and texts, keep them coming in to us and what we're doing for those of you who want a visual experience on this Sunday afternoon, we're streaming live on our website as well, highlandradio.com and also on YouTube, Highland Radio Ireland and across our Facebook pages. Very shortly, we have some live music for you. All right, it's that. Get your requests and all coming in to us, but we'll be right back. We're going to take a quick break, are we? Okay, we are going to take a break now. We'll be back in just a couple of minutes with some live music for you. Broadcasting through West and across the world online. This is Highland Radio. On this week's Business Matters, we dup into the archives to feature my chat with the owner of Patspita and the McKinney, Mary Bradley, which is first aired back in May. So join me, purely Donald, for Business Matters on Sunday evening after the six o'clock news. The Business Matters podcast is also available to download at highlandradio.com. Business Matters in association with the ATU Donegal Faculty of Business. Realise your potential by enrolling on the part-time degree in business, only three years with just one evening per week on campus. Open up your future by calling 9186206 or visit lyat.ie today. Heard about the regal room at Eclipse Cinema's Lefford Strabane. Feel the glitz and the glamour of old-style cinema elegance with the luxurious modern twist. Enjoy a red roomy armchair or love seat, each with its personal footstil. Relax and unwind with a nice glass of wine, some Italian gelato or even a pizza. To find out more about the regal room at Eclipse Cinema's Lefford Strabane or to book your luxury experience, go to eclipsecinemas.com. Hi folks, Paul McDevill here. Invite you to join myself and Jimmy Stafford this Monday night for another edition of The Monday Night Sessions. On the show this week and with the Glentys Harvest Fair starting next weekend, we'll be speaking with some of the committee involved. And one with the mayor for a chat and a few songs. Trun Towns singer-songwriter Mickey Duffy will also be joining us. And we say hello to Donny Gold Sessions this Monday night between 8 p.m. and 10 p.m. right here on Highland Radio. Broadcasting throughout the Northwest and across the world online, this is Highland Radio. OK, very welcome back.


So, what I want to do is tell you about some recent progress in understanding a type of turbulence that we call geostrophic turbulence, and the equations that we use to describe it. And then I want to show you that the state of geostrophic turbulence is itself unstable to the formation of large-scale barotropic vortices. So this is work done with my colleagues mostly in Boulder in Colorado. Keith Julian is my co-PI on this project, and this is the motivation for our work. So we're interested in studying large-scale structures in the earth. So this is the standard kind of problem that is described by the equations of quasi-geostrophy that we heard about in the previous talk. So here is the eastern seaboard of the United States. Here is the Gulf Stream, and you can see the Gulf Stream forms these large meanders. The important thing about these structures is that they are of a sufficiently large scale so that if you define the Rospin number, that's going to be the important parameter in this talk, to the ratio of the characteristic velocity divided by the local rotation rate times the horizontal length scale, like the diameter of one of these meanders, that Rospin number is actually small compared to one. So what that means is that these structures, because they have a large scale, are strongly affected by rotation. Stratification can also be important. That's measured by something called the Froude number is the ratio of the same characteristic velocity divided by the Brunt-Bissala frequency, that's the oscillation frequency in a stratified atmosphere, and again the length scale, and this could be small or comparable to one depending if you're talking about the atmosphere, for example, or the oceans. Now the important thing for quasi-geostrophy is that you make this assumption, namely that the height of the layer that you're interested in divided by L is small compared to one. And of course, that's good for the oceans, for example, typical depth of the ocean is say four kilometers, these meanders may be 100 kilometers across, so H over L indeed is small. And that's the basic input that goes into quasi-geostrophic approximation. Now the consequence of this quasi-geostrophic approximation is that the motion is primarily horizontal, and you have hydrostatic balance in the vertical, and that's very restrictive because you cannot, using that kind of theory, describe convective phenomena. And convective phenomena are important in a variety of contexts in the atmosphere, for example, formation of cumulus clouds or the downwelling of the thermohaline circulation in the Labrador sea, things of that type. So what we want to do is we want to study structures that have significant vertical motions, and that means we have to relax the conditions under which quasi-geostrophic approximation applies. So I'm going to be studying things like this. For example, I have a descending plume, this could be in the thermohaline circulation in the Labrador sea, and it's descending, it's quite narrow in the horizontal direction, and it's extended in the vertical direction. So it's a columnar structure. So the aspect ratio now is quite different from the previous picture, I have H over L comparable to one or greater than one. So these are going to be thin structures and tall in the vertical. But we're going to do the same kind of analysis that you use for quasi-geostrophic, so we're still going to assume that the rosby number is small on these scales, and that's reasonable actually for this particular example, where the rosby number is about 0.2. And again, we're going to have some kind of fruit number describing stratification. So these kinds of structures have been studied by many people, and I just want to show a couple of pictures from a very nice experiment by Sakai, published already 20 years ago. So I have, this is a side view of a rotating tank, it's rotating about the vertical direction, it's visualized through a suspension of liquid crystal. The liquid crystal has the unfortunate property that it turns red when the liquid is locally cold, sorry about that, and it turns blue when it's warm, okay? So these red structures are not, you know, hot descending plumes or something like that, they are actually rising, excuse me, they're descending cold plumes. So by this is a column, it's a vortex, and here is another vertical structure that's rising because it's blue, it's warmer, right? So I have these structures that penetrate from top to bottom and bottom to top. And this is what it looks like from above, you have a sea of these vortices that just move around in an irregular fashion, and these structures are going to be calling tailor columns because they extend all the way from the bottom to the top of the layer. What is it that I really want to do? Well, this is the basic parameter space for this kind of rotating convection problem of buoyancy-driven flow. On the horizontal axis I have a measure of the rotation rate, here I'm using the tailor number, and on the vertical axis I have the forcing of the flow measured by the Rayleigh number, the temperature difference that is applied across the system. Down here in this region the Rayleigh number is not enough, so I have conduction, and then when I cross this black line convection sets in, and of course convection is delayed over here because of the presence of rotation. The rotation is stabilizing, so I have to heat more in order to get convection, and I'm going to be interested in the region that's strongly affected by rotation, and that means that the so-called convective Rosby number is going to be substantially less than one. And so that means if I calculate the Rosby number by calculating the typical velocity that's driven by buoyancy and use that to define the Rosby number, then Rosby number one is along this dashed line, Rosby number point naught one is along this line, I want to go into in this region, and of course I have to heat more and more strongly in order to get convection in the first place, right? So I'm going to be interested in the rapid rotation strong heating limit, right? That's this region here, Sakai's experiment barely get into this region, they're a nice experiment by Peter Vorobiev and Bobecki, they also just barely get into the region, I want to go in this direction, but I'm not going to be able to do that numerically because as we've heard under geophysical and astrophysical conditions, the parameters are very extreme, equipment numbers 10 to the minus 15 as we heard in the previous talk, so I want to take the primitive equations and I want to simplify them to be able to treat these inaccessible regions of the parameter space, okay? That's the basic idea of this talk, so what are the basic equations? Well, here are the primitive equations, this is just the Navier-Stokes equation, this is the Coriolis term, it's been written in terms of the Rosby number that we already saw and I did that by non-dimensionalizing the velocity in terms of some kind of characteristic velocity scale which is so far arbitrary, I'm just calling it U, and I have a characteristic length scale L as we saw in the previous pictures and I use these parameters to non-dimensionalize everything and that introduces this quantity 1 over R, remember I'm interested in low Rosby number, so this is going to be a large term, I'm also interested in situations where viscosity is not so important, so this is one over the Reynolds number, so this is going to be a small term, likewise thermal diffusion is going to be a small term, so I have a numerical problem because I need to solve these equations and I have these very small coefficients and I have these very large coefficients and how do I do that, right? So this is a problem because I need tremendous spatial resolution, this is a problem because I need to track fast inertial waves and I'm not interested in what the inertial waves are doing, I want to know what happens over longer time scales, so I want to get rid of these awkward parameters in order to be able to treat this problem and the way we do that is through an asymptotic expansion that simplifies the equations of motion and this is the basic idea, so I'm going to do an expansion in the Rosby number, remember rapid rotations mean small Rosby number, so to remind me that the Rosby number is small I'm going to call it epsilon, right? epsilon is always small and in order to make progress I need to link the horizontal length scale to the vertical length scale through and some kind of assumption that depends on epsilon and the one that actually works is H over L is 1 over epsilon, right? 1 over epsilon means that the horizontal scale is epsilon times the vertical scale, so that's exactly these columnar structures that I showed you on the previous slides, okay? So once we decide this is a good thing to do, then we're going to do a multi-scale expansion, right? I'm not going to give details of how we do that but the basic idea is that I'm going to rescale the horizontal scales x and y through this parameter 1 over epsilon and of course because it's going to be a three-dimensional flow I also need a similar term for the vertical direction but I'm driving the system over these very long scales in the vertical, right? Because my scales are small and I'm imposing boundary conditions at top and bottom so I also need a slow vertical scale, large vertical scale that's called capital Z here, right? So that's my spatial scaling and then corresponding to that there is some temporal scaling and then I have to decide how strong are the fields that I want to study and I've already said I want to look at non-hydrostatic motion and that means I want substantial vertical velocities called W here so I want to assume all of these are comparable in size so I'm getting away from this hydrostatic assumption that's part of the QG theory I'm going to divide the temperature into a horizontal average part and fluctuations, theta and of course I have to force the system strongly so my forcing measured by this parameter gamma has to be big one over epsilon that's just to get convection going the pressure of course is going to be large also and that if I put this into the equations then at leading order I get something I like and that is I see that I have a balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure I have the flow is horizontally non-divergent that means I can introduce a stream function and the stream function is nothing but the pressure this is the standard thing that you see in a weather map it simply says that rather than the flow being for example towards regions of low pressure it goes around the region of low pressure in this cyclonic fashion okay so we know all about this but now I want to get the evolution equation for psi and I'll go to next order in my small parameter epsilon and at that order I get couple of equations for the vertical velocity omega and the vertical velocity w okay so in this equation I have an equation for omega it's horizontally affected by this pressure field if you like psi there is some contribution from stretching in the vertical direction some dissipation right I have an equation for the vertical velocity w it's horizontally affected this is nothing but the vertical pressure gradient remember psi is p I have some buoyancy forcing and I have some dissipation right and then that's still not enough because I don't have an equation for theta so I have to go to yet further order in epsilon and that's why I'm not giving you details and then you find that theta is again horizontally affected there is a contribution to the thermal fluctuations from the vertical advection of the vertical gradient of the mean temperature some thermal diffusion and then there's an equation for the evolution of this horizontally average temperature which occurs on a slower time scale here is the vertical heat flux and some dissipation okay so those are the equations that I get the nice thing about this is they are actually a closed set of equations right if you make other assumptions you would not necessarily get closed equations so I'm going to rewrite them in a way maybe that makes them a little more familiar and that is I'm going to make a choice of the horizontal scale L I'm going to pick the scale that's predicted to be the one that first sets in when I cross the threshold for convective instability and that tells me that this epsilon that I picked is actually equine number to the one-third okay so here's the definition of the equine number equine number is small when rotation is large okay and then I'm also going to pick a characteristic velocity scale the viscous scale and then the equations look like the equations for Rayleigh-Bernard convection more or less here are the equations for the vertical vorticity omega equation for the vertical velocity here is the buoyancy term notice you have this combination of large R a small e I'm assuming this is of order one to drive turbulence and then I have an equation for the temperature fluctuation and for the evolution of the mean temperature and there is a new parameter that appears it's called sigma here that's the frontal number it's the ratio of the viscosity to thermal diffusivity I'm going to vary that parameter but for water it's 7 for air it's roughly 1 so that's typical values of sigma the point about this is that there are no small or large parameters anymore right so these equations are easier to time step that was the whole purpose of doing this calculation and the same expansion also gives you boundary conditions turns out the boundary conditions are nice they are free-slipped boundary conditions at top and bottom that are consistent with this asymptotic limit and the other thing I want to say about these equations is that they are quite interesting because they actually have two reflection symmetries and so there's actually no asymmetry between cyclonic and anti-cyclonic motions in this rapid rotation limit and so the first prediction I would make is that in that limit you should see equal numbers of cyclonic and anti-cyclonic vortices that's to be confirmed experimentally perhaps although there's some evidence that that is in fact the case so what do these equations show us? Well here is a regime diagram so I'm showing here the frontal number 7 remember is water this is the forcing parameter that combination of large r a small e small ekman number and so I'm increasing that along this axis and what you see here is that when I increase that parameter I get a cellular convection first that small combinations of this of these parameters then I get these Taylor columns that I showed you in the Sakai experiment eventually when I force it too strongly the Taylor columns start breaking up into plumes that's what p stands for okay if I do it at low frontal numbers then the plumes come in almost immediately the Taylor columns are presumably unstable and then there is a transition gradual transition into a state which we call geostrophic turbulence so it's a turbulent three-dimensional state but on all scales of the motion I have geostrophic balance that's the balance between the Coriolis terms and the pressure gradient on all scales so it's not the usual kind of turbulence sorry oops I'm going in the wrong direction here I just want to show you some pictures of what these states look like so on the left I have frontal number seven I'm increasing the Rayleigh number going in this direction these are the Taylor columns here are the plumes they detach from the top boundary for example the cold plumes that start descending but they no longer make make it all the way through okay so I'm calling them plumes likewise I have hot plumes that detach from the bottom they start rising don't make it all the way so that's the plume regime here is the corresponding thing for a particular choice of this parameter RA bearing the frontal number and when the frontal number is large well comparable to water I have these Taylor columns then I go into the plume regime and this state up here at low frontal number is the geostrophic turbulence regime so this is just a snapshot of what that would look like this is a periodic box computation in three dimensions it's a little bit fuzzy and that's deliberate because this is for sigma is 0.3 so thermal diffusion is stronger than viscosity and so the thermal field is a little bit fuzzier than the velocity field would be so there are some nice things I can tell you about the properties of this equation so if you take the equation for the temperature fluctuation multiplied by theta integrate over the domain you get a nice integral relation if you look at the saturated steady state the stationary state of the turbulence you can integrate the equation for the mean temperature and then you get the equation shown here there's just a quadratic equation you can solve it for the gradient of the mean temperature and you get a nice equation and when this factor vanishes that represents the boundary between the thermal boundary layer near the top and bottom of the of the cell and the bulk so we use that to characterize what we mean by the thermal boundary layers which are still in the system they get thinner as the Rayleigh number increases and the bulk region which is outside of these thermal boundary layers and the transition is basically when you know the bulk and the boundary layers carry half the heat flux measured here by the massive number so what about these boundary layers the boundary layers are important because I increase the Rayleigh number they first lose stability when I'm still not very close to isothermal in the core so this is high this is temperature the boundary layers become unstable here become unstable here and so that when I have a state that looks something like this at a larger value of the Rayleigh number these boundary layers are unstable but the core is actually stable right it's very opposite to standard non-rotating Rayleigh-Bernard convection and this just shows the eigen modes of the boundary layer instability just to convince you that that really happens and so we'd like to know something about the boundary layers because it's the boundary layers that are going to actually be very important in the rest of this talk so we assume that when we have large values of this parameter so being some kind of asymptotic turbulence regime all the quantities in the problem scale with some powers of this parameter capital R right so that's the horizontal scales this is the magnitude of the stream function and so on okay and then we look at what happens when R goes to infinity of course we can't do that numerically but we look at large values of R and we want to see if there are any terms that drop out of our reduced equations and we find that in the boundary layers they all remain roughly over the same order of magnitude and therefore we must have some relations between these exponents right and when we put all this together for example this is the Nusselt number here goes like R to the eta minus delta and if I take this expression for for for delta and for eta here I see that the Nusselt number has to go like R to this power four S minus one okay and so we'd like to check whether this in fact is reasonable and perhaps use numerics to determine S or use theory to determine S and so here is the numerics so this is a compensated plot of the Nusselt number and we see that when the exponent is R to the minus three halves these curves level off as I increase R and therefore that the appropriate power is Nusselt goes like R to the three halves okay and this shows the different numbers for the different leveling off for different frontal numbers for the larger frontal numbers it hasn't leveled off and that's because I haven't reached this geostrophic turbulence regime I would have to increase R even more presumably to reach that state so we get this prediction by matching the numerics to the previous theory and we also have an independent way of getting this result we assume that the Nusselt number goes like some power of of of Rayleigh times equine number to another power this has been these kind of relations been studied extensively when there's no rotations of beta is zero in the case of rapid rotation the situation is very different from the non-rotating case and that's because the temperature gradient at mid-height does not saturate as I increase Ra in fact what happens is that's because of rotation and so the bulk of the of the layer controls the heat flux in really non-rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection the flux is controlled by the boundary layers the ability of the boundary layers to transport heat so this is very different and then if we do use a Kolmogorov type argument saying that when Ra is large the transport properties must be independent of the microscopic diffusion coefficients it turns out we get a prediction exactly like this which is what we saw in the numerical computation so that's consistent that's nice and this is just to convince you that what I've just said is correct so this shows the mean temperature mid-level temperature gradient as a function of this parameter R and you see for example when I'm in the geostrophic regime that gradient just saturates right doesn't come closer and closer to isothermal and this just shows that the the bulk does in fact contribute most of the heat flux the boundary layers are insignificant and this is just to convince you that the scaling for the temperature fluctuation for the vertical velocity that we get from that theory are really obeyed in the numerical simulations here I'm just showing what happens as I vary the rotation rate so this is the Nassau number versus Rayleigh number this is the non-rotating curve that's been studied as our increased rotation this thing peels off with different rates as the rotation rate increases I don't have time to discuss that figure in more detail so the last thing I want to say is telling about is the instability of this geostrophic turbulence we discovered this serendipitously we integrated the equations and we found that things weren't quite saturating there was a drift and when we looked at the data it's always a good idea to look at your data we discovered the formation of these large structures that emerge out of the turbulent state sorry so this is what it looks like so I started some random initial conditions I settled towards the saturated state here is the drift I was describing so and we saw that this drift had to do with as a function of time the evolution of these large scale structures and this shows the kinetic energy in the three-dimensional fluctuations I'm going to call those the baroclinic mode or baroclinic state and this shows the energy in a barotropic state that's a vertically you know integrated state that doesn't have a vertical structure and you can see that the energy of that state increases continuously as these vorices grow so this is what they look like like the turbulent structures that live on top of this turbulent state and here you can see them penetrating all the way across so these are the kind of things I'm talking about here again is another picture that shows this in a in a in a different way right so so this is an example I just want to compare this with some of the other talks we've heard today we're not talking about small vorices combining into larger vorices larger vorices combining into yet larger vorices this is not 2d right this is not 2d hydrodynamics this is fully 3d and the energy goes directly from small scales into the largest available scale in the system and the way that happens is that you align the phases of the small scale modes and then the small scale modes interact and they can put energy directly into the large scale mode right that's example of spectral condensation that somebody mentioned also today so here are the spectra that you get so these are the baroclinic states three-dimensional fluctuations they have a more or less called mogoro spectrum this is the the barotropic contribution so this is the n-strophic cascade that we've been talking about there's a turnoff over here but it's a function of time that turnoff gets contaminated by these large scale vorices and this k to the minus three spectrum is a signature of the large scale vorices so that's what the spectral picture looks like this is what it looks like in time I start with some different modes so this is the baroclinic state you see the energy in the baroclinic state hardly varies this solid line is the largest available barotropic mode that fills the box right that's the vortex mode and you can see that initially it does nothing but then it just takes off and and dominates everything as time increases and that's the spectral condensation that we've been talking about okay so how do we quantify this I just have a couple more slides is that okay so we're going to take the vorticity and the stream function and we're going to divide into a barotropic component that's vertically averaged so that's two-dimensional and then I have a three-dimensional fluctuation that's the baroclinic component okay so this is standard barotropic baroclinic decomposition and then I can get equations for the barotropic part that's the 2d part except that there is forcing from the fluctuations the 3d fluctuations if I didn't have the 3d fluctuations this would just be 2d Euler or 2d hydronomics and I would have the usual you know inverse energy cascade with vortices combining into bigger vortices dot dot dot right this is different because of this term and this term you know it's computed from the equation for the fluctuations the baroclinic contribution right so that's one way of thinking thinking about it or you can look at the same thing in terms of what happens in Fourier space and maybe that's more familiar to people here and then I can get an equation for the energy in the barotropic component so rate of change of the energy well there's a contribution from barotropic barotropic interaction there is a contribution from baroclinic barotropic contribution that's these fluctuations and then there is some dissipation right and so these transfer rates can be computed from our simulations and I think the next picture shows what that looks like so here here is the fk that's the baroclinic contribution to the barotropic mode and you can see the function of time from region 1 to region 2 to region 3 the peak of that contribution I'm summing over all the baroclinic modes horizontally that peak moves towards k equals 0 and that's because you're putting all the energy from the small scales into the large scales right there's no intervening cascade of vortices there's no you know there's no inverse energy cascade as such so that's this so let me just conclude now by mentioning that since we did this work the people have solved primitive equations for actually very low equine number like 10 to the minus 7 that was done by Stefan Stelmach in Münster and he found qualitatively a similar sequence of transitions this is a side view this is a top view here he has cellular convection these are the Taylor columns that I showed you this is what it looks like from above like in the experiment of Sakai then he has the plume regime where the Taylor columns break down and then finally he gets something like the geostrophic turbulence and if I translate his parameter values into my combination of parameters this ekman to the four thirds times really you see that spanning the same more or less the same parameter regime that I've been talking about all along so I think that's interesting because you know the theory was designed to take these extreme limits to get to geophysically or astrophysically relevant regimes this is not 10 to the minus 15 but it still seems to seems to more or less work so I call this the unreasonable effectiveness of asymptotics it's a good thing that happens right so here are my conclusions I showed you that these reduced equations are useful because they can be integrated and they describe what happens in these extreme parameter regimes I showed you for example that the natural number scales with the Rayleigh number in this fashion including the pronto number dependence and the rotation rate dependence and I showed you that the scaling had to do with the fact that the bulk of the convection outside of the thermal boundary layers was the thing that was limiting the efficiency of heat flux transport through the layer I showed you that geostrophic turbulence was unstable to these large-scale barotropic modes that evolved directly from the turbulent state and I showed you the the barotropic baroclinic spectra and including the signature of these vertices at large scales and finally I think I have a couple of references to to the more recent work by Favi et al and Goreville et al where the primitive equations have been solved and these large-scale vortex structures have also been detected and so there are some references in case people are interested in more details thank you very much


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Hey, fellow buddies. Thanks for watching. All right, this is, I think, a plush brand that many people underestimate. And you may miss it. You may walk right past it because you think it's just a common brand. It won't sell for much. It's just an inexpensive item. It's not going to sell for much. Well, let me show you what they're selling for. Some of these may surprise you. All right, so what brand is it? We are talking about Carter's. Carter's plush. Child of mine, Carter's. It is a children's clothing line. As far as I know, it's a clothing line and I didn't even really know that they sold plush. I think all of their plush is more along the lines of crib toys or for babies or really small kids. So let's take a peek at some of these big money bolos. This one is a Carter's Child of Mine musical pink bunny rabbit plush. Lovey prestige toy crib is the title. Now this sold for $64.77 plus shipping. And I'm going to show you here. Here's the tag. They did put a video in it. Now most of these items that you're going to see in this video are retired. They are harder to find. People lose them or had them as a kid and they want them for that feeling of, oh my goodness, I had that when I was a kid. I want my kid to have it or my kid lost their toy and they need a replacement now. So they go to eBay. All right. So that's what a lot of these probably are. I will tell you that I have received some of the best messages from people who have purchased from me on plush because they need the item and I have it. And they are just so thankful and so happy. But as a reseller, it is definitely something to keep in mind. A lot of people don't like to sell plush and it's long tail. In most cases it's long tail, but certain items can go for big money. And even if it's a bread and butter and you find that person that really is looking for something, it's very, very rewarding. So there is that one. We have this guy who is a vintage Carter's Baby prestige toy plush bear circus rattled balloons. And it says primary. And right there is the tush tag. They didn't do a close up, but that's what it looks like. Not sure on the year. $59.99 plus shipping. The next item is this ladies bug. Ladies bug. This lady bug. And it is from 2019. So not super, super old, but old enough that somebody may need a replacement. This sold for $60 plus shipping. This is a Carter's Child of Mine plush musical giraffe zebra horse. Lovey baby blue hippo. So they don't know what it is in the title. They're giving this thing every name. What do you think it is? Do you think it's a zebra, a giraffe, a horse or a hippo? I'm not really sure what it is either, but they covered their bases, right? $59.99 plus shipping on this one. The next item is this little frog. It is Carter's Frog Toad Shaggy Green Terry cloth textured. Lovey baby plush doll. $63.23. Terry cloth can do really well. So definitely keep that in mind. Look up Terry cloth items, even if they're not Carter's brand. If you see them, this one says tush tag is faded and has writing on it. So I imagine the seller probably tried to get the ink off of the tush tag and in doing so it faded out the Carter's tag. I've done that with brawls that are marked through. I used to try to get the ink off. Sometimes it would come off really easily. It just depended on the marker and it would fade the writing. So that's probably what happened there. Hairspray is great for tush tags. Trying to get that off. Aerosol is typically what I use. There's a certain brand that I use that works better than others and I used to use it on the brawls all the time. I can't remember what it is, but just a little tip that you might want to try if you're trying to get ink off of a tag. And what I would do is I would spray it and then I would kind of like crinkle the tag together between my fingers without letting it touch the fabric of the item. And then I would run it under cold water. And you can also run it under hot water, but you don't want it to fade onto your item. So you have to be really careful. Alright, the next item is this Carter's Hug a Cuddley Teddy Bear Pink Security Blanket Plush Lovey Soft Satin. And this is what you call a lovey. And if you have not seen my video on loveys, definitely go check it out. Some of them go for crazy, crazy money. Way more than this. Here is the little tag, Made in China, Hug a Bear Cuddley. It's got those words on it. So this was probably just somebody that was looking for a replacement. Now, I thought that I, did I not, I thought I went in and pulled up Terapeak for this one, but I must have forgot or I mixed up my tabs. But I think I show you in this video how to go to Terapeak and look something up. Alright, so this one is mine. And this is Carter's My First Doll Rattle Plush Black Hair Pink Heart White Floral Pigtails and Bow. I got this at a garage sale for 50 cents. And right here you can see my custom SKU Plush Tote 9. That's how I know where to find the item. GS 50 cents, garage sale 50 cents. I took a best offer of $45 on her. Let me get you a bigger picture. Here she is. I had her listed at 65 plus shipping. And I took a $45 offer. I mean 50 cents into 45 is awesome. I do the tape measure thing. I like to show the size of the item. I show the tag. I got a close up of her face. She was in really fantastic condition. And this is just an item that gets overlooked because it just looks like a simple Carter's plush. But it says My First Doll. So great replacement. The next item is another one. It's Vintage Carter's Just One Year Baby Doll Stuffed Animal Plush. It is a rattle. This one sold for 7110 plus shipping. Super cute. Lots of photos. Here's your tag. Definitely looks vintage. And how about this guy? Rare Carter's Plush Gray White French Bulldog Puppy Dog 2017. And a lot of people are referring to the Carter's items even if they're stuffed animals as lovey. Probably because it's more for a baby. Now it does say read and it says it has a small spot. So you can see right here front and center. It does have a discoloration and it's still sold for that much money. Now you can see here that it was a I went in and you put in the item number or the item title and you can search feedback. This ended up selling for a best offer of $50. Carter's Classics Bunny Plush Baby Lovey Tan White Blue Ears Bowtie 3027 Vintage. So 3027. Where did they get that? Okay. Right there on the back of the tag. It has a style number. I would say if it has a style number, definitely put that in your listing because somebody is more than likely probably has this item or lost this item. And they may know that style number. This sold for 7499 plus shipping. Carter's Just One Year Plush Musical Pink Purple Ears Bunny Rabbit Flowers and Bow. Again, would you have picked it up or walked right past it? I'm guessing most of you would have walked right past it. $79.95 free shipping. These are the things that you find at garage sales just thrown in a tote for a quarter or 50 cents because people are just getting rid of stuff in their house and they think they are just stuffed animals. Which brings me to my next point. This person only put plush in the title, which is completely fine. But what I recommend doing, and I've said it before if you watch me often you hear me say this almost every plush video put stuffed animal in the title also if you have room because resellers use the word plush. And I think people searching for a plush are searching stuffed animal if they're not a reseller because I mean think about what you call it. If you were not a reseller, what would you call this? The next item is this Carter's Just One Year Bunny Rabbit Plush Stuff Animal Brown and White. Sold for $78.99. Just one year. That looks like a newer tag I think. Not sure. Does anybody know? It seems like with the bright colors maybe newer, but I don't know. I could be wrong. So you can see here came on time as described. Thank you $78.99. That was a good clean sale. Carter's Just One Year Cheneal Blanket Blue, Green, Yellow Stripe Plush Knit. So this is a, well maybe it's not. Maybe it is an older tag. I don't know. You guys let me know in the comments. Anybody have any idea? This one sold for $80.99 plus shipping. It's a blanket. A pre-owned blanket. Vintage Carter's John Lennon Real Love Plush Baby Blanket. Now, I don't know why John Lennon is in the title of this blanket, but every single one that I saw had that in the title. Does that say John Lennon right there? Like, why does it say that? But this blanket, if you find this blanket, it's a Bolo. I found it on multiple occasions where it sold for big money. $89.99 free shipping. Here is that French Bulldog, and you can see three of them sold 60, 50, and 79.95. So what would this tell me? If I was looking at this and I had one of these, I would price my item probably at $100 if there were no others listed and I would put best offer. I would price it high. Let's see if we can look at when they sold here. Does it show? $22, $23, $23. So it looks like the highest sold was in $22. And you can always go over to Worthpoint and search and see if they have additional comparables. I would say price it high because, well, it depends. If there's more listed, you've got to price, you know, with the others or hire and wait for the others to sell. Sometimes people undersell their things, and if I sell comps like this and somebody had one listed for $29.99, I'm still going to price mine at $100. And I'm going to let the one for $29.99 sell, and then I'm going to run a sale on mine and wait for the right buyer. That's what I'm going to do. What would you guys do? How do you guys do your plush when you're looking at comps? The next item is another one of those John Lennon baby blankets, $84.97 plus shipping on that. And Carter's precious first solid pink teddy bear plush, lovey soft toy, nine inches. Look at it guys. It's just a simple plush. So many people miss it. So many people miss it. It's just, it's a bear. It's common. It looks common. It looks like something that wouldn't be a big money Bolo, $94.49 plus shipping on that. Here's another Carter's classics prestige teddy bear red ribbon plush, 19 inch stuffed toy, lovey, $99.99 plus shipping. Here is a Jungle Safari blanket, lovey trim, 30 by 45. It's new with tags. I don't know if it's new old stock or if it's just new with tags, but either way, it's discontinued. It's 2007. There it is. So this is a discontinued pattern. And I probably would have put retired in the title or 2007, but they did fine. It sold for $129.99 plus shipping. Here is, I'm sorry, they took a best offer. I went over to Terapeak. So you can go into Terapeak, you can put the title in, and then that will tell you what it actually sold for. So they took a best offer of 100, which is still absolutely crazy for a blanket, right? Here's a vintage Carter's just one year pink bunny stripe velour, my first hug baby plush. Look how stinking cute that is, but definitely pre-owned.  Let's see what it sold for. We're over on Terapeak. They took a best offer of $140 plus shipping. This one is mine. Carter's monster alien green teal plush orange horn stuffed animal. And I shared this in another video, but I had to bring it back for the Carter's video because when I ran comps on this thing, I could not believe my eyes. It's from 2015. You can see I put retired 2015 in the title. I think it's important. I think people search it. Maybe I'm wrong, but this sold for, I think I took a best offer of $40 for this one. I think, I think that's it. I thought I put it here. No, I didn't. Okay, maybe no, maybe that one sold for full asking. I can't remember. It was either $40 or it sold for full asking. I also told you about the Carter's security blanket that sold for $9.30. You probably saw this in my bread and butter video, but it's just a blanket and I sold it for $9.30 plus shipping. The person returned it. I don't even know why. Maybe they thought it was a big blanket. I don't know. The dimensions are definitely in the photos and the tag. I've got all of it. The tag was actually cut on this. I used Google lens to figure it out. So they got it. They decided they didn't want it. They returned it and I resold it within a day or two. It was still at the PO box. I relisted it while it was at the PO box. Never in a million years did I think that it would sell that quickly. So I had to make a special trip to the PO box for this $9.30 plus shipping security blanket. But happy for every sale was just happy that it sold and was happy that when I opened it, it was in good condition and not used. So you just never know when you get returns. Would I recommend relisting your item before you have it in your hand? No, probably not. I mean, no, don't do that. Don't do not do that. That was not a good choice. And the other one I sold here is this Carter's orange plush Fox tan brown white, lovey soft toy security blanket with leaves. And I sold this for $14. If you guys have not seen my lovey video, go check it out. Oh my goodness, crazy what they sell for. This was in plush tote eight and I got it at a garage sale for $2. All right, you guys, thank you so much for being here. Thank you for watching. In my videos, I'm going to be wearing a necklace in the next probably few that you see. I will be bringing that necklace to whatnot and selling it. So if anybody likes my necklace, it's beaded. It's really, really amazing. I'm going to be auctioning this off over at whatnot. And if you're not following me on whatnot on Bolo buddies all one word lowercase over there, this is this is beaded and super cool. Bolo buddies all one word. But if you're not on whatnot yet, you can use my link down below and get $15 to shop. That is my referral link. So definitely use that. And if you want to sell on whatnot, there's another link for that. So I'm going to be selling this over on whatnot. So come and follow me if you like this type of beaded jewelry. I thought it looked good with my orange hat. Now the earrings I'm keeping, these were a gift from Miss Jill. Miss Jill, if you're watching, thank you so much. I love them and they're not being sold. Those are mine. Hashtag keeper. All right, you guys, that was cheesy. Hashtag keeper. I always put that in my videos like in writing when I'm keeping something and I'm unboxing something. Anyway, but it sounds a little ridiculous when I say it, like what am I like 15? Hashtag. Hashtag. All right. Okay. All right, enough. Hope to see you guys on whatnot. It's a lot of fun. Sometimes I'm a little silly over there. So come watch even if you don't buy anything, just come hang out and hope to see you there. I'll link some of my shows down below. You guys can bookmark them and I will see you soon. And thank you for watching. Be sure to like, comment, subscribe and share and let me know if you think this is an underestimated Bolo and that you would have walked past it. Thanks for watching.