We are going to be continuing the discussion of archetypal figures in Hellenistic philosophy, specifically Socrates of Athens. This piece of artwork is from a study that Raphael made for that famous painting of the School of Athens. Now that they've uncovered some studies and drawings he did for it, the incredible detail, he went into it and just read this fascinating article about it, and the way that he represents Socrates' ugliness in this, which you don't really get when you're taking in the whole picture that has something like 40 different philosophers in it. But he brings out this, like, one character trait that we can actually say with some definitiveness we know about Socrates, that the guy was ugly. And he said that we actually have this story that goes back to a dialogue, a Socratic dialogue, written by somebody in the fourth century who probably knew Socrates, but wasn't Plato, wasn't Xenophon, wasn't Aristotle, wasn't one of these better names. But he tells this story about Socrates and sort of his friends being visited by a person who's trained in physiognomy. And physiognomy is the science, or rather pseudoscience, of being able to identify things about people's personality from aspects of their appearance. And so this physiognomist named Zopyrus shows up, he looks at Socrates, and he makes a diagnosis that this person must be very stupid, you can tell by the way his neck is shaped, and you can also tell that he's immoderate and addicted to women.  And he's the wisest person in Greece, so that shows that you're wrong. And then Socrates, however, intervenes and comes to the defense of the physiognomist and he says, no, it's true, I am totally addicted to women and immoderate, only because of my cultivated virtue that I am able to overcome those intense desires.  And it's a wonderful story which actually touches on some deep issues about fate and about virtue and vice and science and other things, and Socrates is at the center of this story, but none of it probably ever happened. It's probably just a literary fiction that was designed to amuse or maybe even just to sell books. And it's a good introduction to what we call the Socratic problem, or the Socratic question, that's a scholarly term. And the problem arises from the following set of facts. First, Socrates wrote nothing. He did a lot of philosophy, but he didn't write anything. And he didn't found a school of his own. So practically all of the things that we associate and he denied that he ever did any teaching. So the things that we most associate with philosophy now, writing books and teaching, Socrates did none of them, and yet he's considered the paradigm of a philosopher. Furthermore, immediately after his death he became the subject of an entire new genre of literature called the Socratic Dialogue. So writing stories about Socrates interacting with his friends and enemies and people like Zopyrus and Alcibiades and so forth became a general thing that lots of different people wrote dialogues about. And there are at least a dozen known authors of Socratic Dialogues. And most of these, however, have not survived or survived only in fragments or reports like the one I just shared with you. Although Plato's and Xenophon's Socratic Dialogues do survive and I'll say a little bit more about those in due course. The problem deepens because the way that these writers of Socratic Dialogues portray Socrates diverges and differs and the way what it represents as philosophical activity is being about and even the beliefs that he holds are different. And this is most pronounced with respect to his defense speech which he gave in court when he was answering charges of being corrupted on corrupting the youth and so forth and that he was ultimately executed for.  So the question arises which one of them is right or rather that question gives rise to a deeper question of how could we ever know what actually happened and these aren't just the literary fictions of these authors themselves. To what extent do they differ? Well, what's interesting is that they do overlap to some extent and so then we can make perhaps an assumption that where they overlap we've sort of triangulated facts about what really happened and then where they differ might be peculiarities of the matter due to Plato's or Xenophon's own agenda in representing Socrates. So that's not a very easy question to answer and what somebody who's serious about answering the question does is first of all gets these very easy to access texts, Xenophon's Apology and Socrates' Apology and compares them. And I've done this broken it down, broken Xenophon's down into about 15 different sections or so and it looks like seven or eight maybe have similarities but then the topics might be similar but the exact position represented differs the prediction used to make the point or the point within the speech in which it's made it's very complicated but it shows something about comparison of philosophical views but the problem remains, we cannot clearly take either one as being an historical document of what actually happened because Socrates didn't write it down as the speech that he gave extemporaneously at the time and we know that Xenophon and Plato have their own philosophical agendas and want to portray Socrates in certain ways in order to further those agendas and even within a single source, for example, Plato Socrates is portrayed as holding different views, in fact incompatible views For example, in the Gordius he's portrayed as completely rejecting hedonism the view that the purpose of life is pleasure whereas in the Protagoras he defends a form of hedonism in his argument So which is it? Was he a hedonist or wasn't he a hedonist? As I'll show later he gives rise to later schools which interpret him in connection with their own views So, for example, the Cyranaics who found their own hedonistic school and their founder was a member of the Socratic Circle take this idea of Socratic hedonism seriously and sort of run with it but then another school like that of Antipodes who influenced the cynics, who influenced the Stoics who reject hedonism, say, pleasure is worthless and has nothing to do with happiness in life whatsoever But it's all about virtue They will also claim some support in their even anti-hedonistic views from the views of Socrates Furthermore, that's just two examples of dogmatic schools one that holds that hedonism is true and is the basis of life and another that says pleasure is irrelevant to life and rejects hedonism those are both dogmatic positions that actually take a position on it but there's other people who are influenced by Socrates who say we don't take a position on whether hedonism is true or not and that was Socrates' position it was not to have a position on them but just to argue both positions out So there's even a meta level here on which people are influenced by Socrates and claim to be influenced by him claim to be working with Socratic methods and philosophy but to totally different purposes and ends that are incompatible So that is what we call the Socratic problem or the Socratic question I guess the question is what were his actual views and the problem is we can't ever figure out what those views are because we don't have a time machine all we have is later writers with their own agendas so we have to be aware of those contexts Now the earliest evidence for Socrates the very earliest by far is in the Comedian Aristophanes clouds which is the only source that we have about Socrates that was written in his own lifetime and it's incredibly negative and abusive it makes Socrates basically look like a clown and look like a horrible scourge and like he's actually corrupting the young and so forth and Plato depicts Socrates as rejecting this account in his apology and being aware that it has influenced and affected his reputation Now some people think that is the most accurate evidence about Socrates not only is it by far the earliest but that's probably what he was like For one thing his ugliness makes him perfect for comedy everybody laughs at people that are ugly in fact you make these comic exaggerations of ugliness in Greek comedy and you didn't really have to do the exaggerations in Socrates case that's sort of what he really looked like so he fit the bill in terms of the spectacle of it but also his unconventional views and unconventional lifestyle and so forth could easily be mocked and so on and so some people think that's probably our most accurate representation of him that we're ever going to get but in fact when you think about it a bit deeper the image that's made of Socrates in those works can't possibly be true because it's a composite image of three different types of intellectuals that existed in this time period not just one so one of these is of a sophist that means somebody who basically trained someone to be a lawyer or an attorney that is trained someone how to make worse arguments sound better than they really are that's one thing that he's portrayed as doing someone who can train you to beat anyone in court even if your arguments worse than your opponents another is that he's portrayed as being a sort of atheistic natural philosopher like Alex Agarus who denies the existence of traditional gods makes up his own and so on and the third is portraying him as an ascetic moral teacher who's totally indifferent to worldly matters and only cares about the state of his own soul and this sort of thing okay so because those are types that we have very many other representatives of and we can attach names like Alex Agarus and Gorgias and Diogenes and so forth to these various character types and then see the way that they've been consolidated into one character in the comedic brilliance of Aristophanes and that it isn't anything like a biographical representation of an individual but rather a kind of sketch and for obvious purposes Socrates fits the bill now the later evidence for Socrates comes down in the first place to Plato who is the first person to produce an entire corpus of philosophy well actually the first person to do that was Democritus but since none of those works have survived we can't assess its unity and so forth as a corpus so the oldest one to survive are the works of Plato and the dialogues of Plato which have dramatic settings named characters and these characters exchange speeches debating about philosophical topics and all of Plato's genuine works except the very last work and longest work that he wrote called the Laws in all of the rest of Plato's work Socrates is a character and in most of them he's the main character and Plato was a pupil of Socrates he was in the circle of Socrates and he vigorously defends Socrates' views but he also uses Socrates as a kind of literary puppet to represent his own views and his own arguments and that's related to the Socratic problem I introduced before and so Socrates is portrayed as defending incompatible views as I said about hedonism for example and that's just so in order to further local philosophical debates that Plato is pursuing in those various dialogues and Plato isn't trying to come up with an overall systematic account and coherent account of Socrates' philosophy now other than Plato there's also the Xenophon who wrote an extensive work called Memoirs of Socrates which as I mentioned before includes an Apollegia or defense speech of Socrates and he like Plato was a pupil of Socrates and a member of his inner circle his work even more so than Plato seems entirely designed to defend Socrates against the charges that were brought against him so to portray Socrates is not being someone who's an atheistic natural philosopher who invents false gods but it makes him seem as somebody who's devoutly religious, pious and believes that intelligent design, creationism explains everything in the natural world and we don't need naturalistic philosophy and so forth and to defend charges against corrupting the youth it shows him being very concerned with the education of the youth and so on and so on Furthermore Xenophon is at least partly dependent on Plato this is another complication of comparing their accounts is that we can't tell that even where there's a similarity that that is like I was saying triangulating a fact about what actually happened it could be that the similarity is due to Xenophon picking up on a good point or a good nice rhetorical move that Plato had made and incorporating it into his own work and then there are other testimonies about Socrates that aren't reducible to either of these sources or to Aristophanes reports that we find in Aristotle and then of course in today's reading the account of Socrates in Diogenes Laertes which gives us a biography and goes through a lot of the points on this slide that I won't go into detail there are some questions about his exact birthday there are some descriptions of his illustrious military career which are mostly meant to show him manifesting the virtue of courage there is a question about his education there are many people that he's that are said to be to have been his teacher in Diogenes Laertes Diogenes Laertes does not mention the person who Socrates is made to say is his teacher in the symposium which is a female philosopher named Diotima who somebody recently suggested is actually a mask for Aspacia who was a leading female intellectual and Solon's companion I'm sorry Pericles' companion a politician during the democratic period in Athens Now Socrates of course had this enormous reputation for wisdom and apparently even the Delphic Oracle was consulted about who was the wisest person in Greece and it was said that no one is wiser than Socrates there are reports about his marriage or his marriages so he either had one or two wives and there is this suggestion in various other reports that he also had girlfriends possibly including Aspacia there is his involvement in politics and civic affairs the way that he conducted himself on trials and so forth he is portrayed as criticizing both democrats and oligarchs he's portrayed as being essentially the first urban individual in history somebody who never leaves the city of Athens he's once portrayed in Plato as leaving the city walls to go sit under a tree and talk about philosophy otherwise everything he does is in the middle of town and in the workshops and the citadels and sanctuaries within Athens he mentored several controversial people the most controversial being by these but lots of other people who went on to political careers and whose political fortunes and reputations went up and down and with them in a way Socrates who was portrayed as being responsible for these people Dysius Larisius also mentions his refusal to accept payment for teaching and his refusal to claim or admit that he was a professional teacher of any subject Dysius Larisius also gives us some details about his trial, the conviction and his execution by drinking hemlock and Dysius Larisius doesn't mention this but it's a fact about Socrates is that he becomes this emblem of all of philosophy and gets made into a kind of philosophical martyr somebody who died for the cause of philosophy and then a paradigm of the philosophical sage again as we'll see throughout the Hellenistic period certainly and then he is compared to figures like Confucius and Jesus as being you know essentially starting a moral revolution in his own environment through his teachings and so on even though all of the people I just mentioned probably never wrote anything Now let's look at a little bit more detail about the charges that were brought against Socrates because this seems to have some external validity by all accounts he was charged that really was a child what was he supposed to be guilty of needless curiosity meddling interference and inquiring into things beneath the earth and in the sky and also on the surface of the earth that's one charge not a very clear charge a fairly vague charge but it looks like basically a description of philosophical activity second making the weak argument stronger and teaching other people to do the same the charge that's always leveled against Sofis now you can make big money doing this in law school but back then it was kind of a considered a kind of shady enterprise then another set of charges that we have a name attached to them somebody who supposedly was the actual prosecutor in the case Melodis Socrates is supposed to have been guilty of corrupting the youth and again that may have been connected to controversial people that he mentored like Elcibiades but also impiety and irreligion not acknowledging the God the city the gods the city acknowledges but creating and making up new divinities of his own and there was some great portrayals in artwork of the outcome of that trial which was that he was found guilty and ordered to drink hemlock so he was executed here's an 18th century the most famous piece in your Metropolitan Art Museum here is a really you should look at these slides when you have some more time they incorporate literary elements from plateaus and xenophons accounts into these depictions of what the other people were doing and what the prison looked like and so forth now go back to the Delphic Oracle for a moment because the Delphic Oracle and his response to it seems to have been part of his problem so this friend of Socrates named Charophon consulted the Oracle at Delphi the Oracle as a prophetic Oracle located in this temple in central Greece it has an inscription over it that says know thyself which becomes maybe the most important ethical prescription even in Greek philosophy and Charophon asked this Oracle is there anyone wiser than Socrates and the answer was no no one is wiser than Socrates but if Socrates doesn't teach rhetoric like logic how to make the worst argument sound better and so forth and he doesn't teach natural science then the question is why did he get a reputation for wisdom so on the next couple of slides I'm going to give some aspects of his philosophy that we gather from these later sources and try to characterize the views that he became most famous for now the most important is perhaps just the portrayal of him doing philosophy and so the activity of philosophy uncompromising devotion to ethical inquiry so talking to everybody that you meet and trying to get to the bottom of what they're doing and whether it's right or wrong whether they're living their life well or not and so one thing he says in the defense speech is that the unexamined life isn't worth living for a human being and so you should examine not only your own life but help other people examine their and this is kind of what his activity was about let's talk about your problems let's figure out what it is and let's examine your life he describes himself, or at least Plato hasn't described himself in the Theatetus as a gadfly that's constantly bugging the cow of Athens and making it making it improve itself and also describes the effect that he has as being like a stingray who stuns his opponents and they're sort of dumbfounded and babble in his presence and can't get their arguments together and are made to contradict themselves another image that he's made to present himself with is being not a teacher but a so-called intellectual midwife who helps ideas that are nourished within the pupil helps bring them to life it's not a model of a student as an empty vessel that you pour knowledge into but instead it's a more organic conception where the student themselves is producing these ideas and so forth and that Socrates will help bring those things into viability so that they can survive as ideas and grow into something more important and more formidable and he's associated with the Socratic method what we call the Socratic method which literally just means something like reputation a method of examining and refuting various positions proceeding by question and answer one way to think of what he's doing here is a kind of hypothesis testing you the student proposes some answer to a question then you ask them a series of questions about what that answer presupposes until you elicit a contradiction in their view and so then think that that answer can't be correct then move on to the next hypothetically correct answer and the one that's left standing after this process of refutation and examination will be the view that you take to be most true there's also what we call Socratic irony although it's difficult to say exactly what that means but it has to do with the statement that the oracle at Delphi is correct that he is the wisest person in Athens and he is the wisest person in Athens because he knows that he doesn't know anything whereas other people wander around thinking that they know stuff when they don't actually know anything Socrates at least knows that he doesn't know anything therefore he knows something therefore he is wiser than all of those people who don't know but an aspect of the irony of this position is that it professes to intellectual humility I don't know anything and yet Socrates never loses an argument he always takes his opponent apart in these portrayals in the Socratic dialogues so it's always his opponent is shown to be ignorant thinking that they had knowledge like Euthyphro thinking he knows what piety is or Thracymachus thinking he knows what justice is and then being shown that no you don't and you're contradicting yourself and your views are all incompatible with them and so this is what seems to make it ironic is that it is at once intellectually humble thing to say and at the same time a very arrogant thing to say that my intellectual humility makes me a lot smarter than you and a lot better at this than you are there is also the fact of his rejection of natural inquiry and his focus on the search for definition standards of material only of moral virtues and his kind of discouragement of getting involved in all this logic chopping and trying to figure out what nature is and so forth and wanting you to focus on his vision of philosophy and so possibly if he's correct about this the only time you're really doing philosophy is when you get together with a small group of people in person and debate about the definition of some moral virtue and courage or justice and you keep trying to figure that out that's what philosophy is in his view in order to match some question does the subject himself can predict the logic of his purpose answer? well he doesn't himself offer an answer to the question right? he asks the question an answer is given by somebody who supposes that they know and then a series of questions are asked about the implications of that answer that show the view to be incoherent and that they shouldn't be holding that if they know it and so this method can be employed without any commitment to any view whatsoever any example on this case to see that for instance how or justice what question he asked and what was the answer to the contradiction? yes so for that you need to read the republic a 10 book work by Plato depicting him doing that an easier way to get a sample of it would be to look at a small work like the youth of fro where the question is what is piety or holiness and Socrates runs into a guy who says I'm a professor of religious studies about religion I can explain it to anyone what do you want to know and Socrates says well I want to know what holiness actually is and he goes through a series of bad answers like oh it's what I'm doing now or it's what's favored by the gods or it's what's favored by some of the gods or it's doing service to the gods and all of these are shown to be incoherent what holiness is or else it doesn't make any sense and the dialogue ends in confusion, perplexity in what we in Greek call operia so it looks like a totally negative result but progress is made because before you read the dialogue you thought somebody must know what this concept means you might even think you know what it means you're doing the right kinds of sacrifices or whatever or it's whatever god likes whatever god says he wants to happen in the bible that's what holiness is but then you read the dialogue and you go through this kind of refutative method and you realize those answers don't make any sense and so then you realize I don't really know what this means I don't understand what this is further inquiry is necessary perhaps there isn't any meaning and it's a meaningless concept so there is still intellectual progress made without any commitment being made to a position in fact what you're doing is destroying commitment to positions where it shouldn't have been held because it was held without an actual rational basis is that equally as good at persuading if it was that's a curious thing because are any examples given where that's stated so this is like on my page 11 in section 29 he showed equal ability in both directions persuading and dissuading men thus after conversing with the atheists about knowledge he sent him away as Plato says, fired with the divine impulse but when Euthyphro had indicted his father for manslaughter Socrates after some conversation with him on piety diverted him from this purpose so there it's making it as if he had this effect on actual action Euthyphro was going to prosecute his father for murdering a slave or something and saying he was doing it on the basis of it's the holy and pious thing to do to prosecute your father if they do something wrong but Socrates shows that you don't even know what you're talking about with holiness and you're not even making any sense and so he's discouraged from acting on that and whereas he encouraged by inspiring Theotetus to look further into the question of what is knowledge but that's an odd way to describe the results of those dialogues so that's Diogenes Laertes is making the point based on the dialogue Theotetus a dialogue addressed to the issue of what is knowledge a dialogue that ends in confusion, perplexity in our career about the question of what is knowledge it's not just a true account it's not just a justified true account it's not just a justified true belief what is it? we thought we knew going ahead somebody must know what knowledge is but we read the dialogue and we realized there's all these problems with any definition we attempt to give of it that's yet to be solved in philosophy and the other dialogue he's referring to is the youth, the one about piety again it doesn't end in a persuasion he doesn't say let me persuade you not to prosecute your father it ends in confusion and perplexity about what piety or holiness really is and that confusion or perplexity may have an indirect effect of encouraging or discouraging action but that is a sort of incidental result of this activity which is a purely intellectual inquiry into the definitions of these ethical concepts excuse me I just would like to know that the dialectic method that Hegel talks about is the same as the one that Socrates founded? well I don't know to answer that we'd have to read a couple thousand pages of Hegel which you're welcome to do because we have courses on it but dialectic in the way I'm using it right now essentially means conversation having a conversation having a question and answer format of an exchange like we're doing right now this is dialectic but what this dialectical method does is elicits contradictions and you start asking me questions and you say well but doesn't Socrates you said before that Socrates isn't that and it turns out I don't know what I'm talking about and I'm contradicting myself and none of these facts come here with each other then we're really doing that's a dialectical examination of what I'm saying or if one of you had a view about justice or about piety and we examined it then that would be doing dialectic or doing philosophy but the word itself just means conversation and answer now here are some positive aspects however I think we can take away so as I've said these inquiries into what is piety, what is knowledge what is justice, what is virtue although they result in operia or confusion or perplexity that nonetheless is a positive result so we can set up a research agenda to figure out all of these other attempts to define justice for example defining it as helping friends and hurting enemies or repaying debts two of the definitions of justice considered in the republic we realize those aren't going to work so we need something else like distributing to each person in accordance with their worth or something like that or we need to distinguish between multiple kinds of justice like distributive justice versus corrective justice or retributive justice or something like that or we need to distinguish between multiple kinds of virtue, intellectual virtue and moral virtue and then we can get clear on what these things are so the first step in order to make progress is to make sure you get rid of the garbage input into the process so that you can clear that away and operate on the basis of what's solid and perhaps build a better theory and so Socrates does start that because apparently prior to him doing all of this everybody just went around acting like they knew what all these things were and we don't have record of there being a kind of systematic attempt to examine and define these things prior to this now here are some very positive views that I think can with some confidence be attributed to him intellectualism the thesis that the virtues and by virtues I mean things like courage, self-control, justice and so forth they are just forms of knowledge like justice is knowing what is right and wrong and courage is knowing what should be feared and what should not and so on it approaches to other crafts like architecture and medicine and the way that these are able to achieve definite results and we try to think of morality along a similar lines that in other words lines that we can break down what architects do into different elements and smaller pieces and have a rational account of how they're able to build a structure that protects us against weather and intruders or preserves our health disease.  Can we also give a similar kind of rational technical account of how somebody becomes good or bad or just or unjust or holy or unholy? And then a thesis about unity of the virtues. Since each of the individual virtues are just kinds of knowledge, they're all forms of wisdom and one is either wise or isn't wise. If one is wise then it seems one will possess all of the virtues but if one lacks any particular virtue then one is not wise and is thought to lack all virtues. Now that's actually a fairly paradoxical view and as I'll show in a moment a way to think about talk is to think about a number of paradoxes that he generates relative to our unexamined beliefs. I just want to really briefly touch on his influence on the later history of philosophy. First of all the most important thematic influence I've already emphasized getting philosophy focused on practical ethical matters as Cicero puts it, calling philosophy down from the heavens, not trying to explain the shape and order of the cosmos but what's going on within our own households and between us and our friends and that sort of thing. Previously stuff that we call philosophy had centered on nature and natural explanation like in Democritus, like we saw in part in Democritus and in his predecessors like Empedocles, Annexagoras, Anneximines and so on, Thales, Empedocles. Modern scholarship follows the ancients leads in referring to philosophers that operate before Socrates as being pre-Socratic philosophers and so we actually make this division between philosophers that came before Socrates and those that came after because of this sea change in philosophical method that he affects but the term is actually a really bad one and we should get rid of it and I shouldn't have even mentioned it to you. It includes Democritus even though Democritus was not chronologically prior to Socrates, they were actually almost exact contemporaries and Democritus as we saw did not focus just on natural science but wrote a great deal on ethics and had a great subsequent influence on ethics and so the term pre-Socratics is misleading. Now the immediate circle of Socrates will be looking further into each of these people. I've already said some things about Plato, Aristipus of Cyrene, will be looking at at the end of this week, founded a hedonist school known as the Cyrenaics, Antisthenes of Athens inspired the cynic movement via Diogenes of Sinov and somebody who we won't be looking much further into because it's almost entirely concerned with logic and paradoxes, euclides of Megara who founded a school known as the Oristics or Magarian School. Then his influence on later Hellenistic philosophy that Magarian school flourished and there were other works none of them fully intact but fragments. There were several phases of Plato's Academy including a new phase called the New Academy led by a character Arkesa Laos who will be reading some fragments about him who interpreted Socrates as being a strictly skeptical inquirer and he extended this so-called academic skepticism beyond the areas investigated by Socrates like ethics into logic and physics. The Cyrenaics as I've mentioned a flourishing school of hedonism, the cynics inspired by Antisthenes and Diogenes of Sinov who Aristotle calls a Socrates gone mad. The Stoics influenced via the cynics led by Zeno of Chidium they regarded Socrates as being a straight-up sage who knew what was good and bad for humans and lived his own life fully in accordance with it and actually his own lived his death in accordance with it and they assumed that he had a complete system of ethics worked out but that he didn't he wanted to elicit it from students themselves and bring it pedagogically out of them instead of this model again of empty vessels that you pour knowledge into and that's why he didn't express it in the form of treatises and so forth. That becomes the job of later Stoics who defend the unity of virtue, thesis and intellectualism and so forth and then try to prop that view up with dogmatic views about logic and nature. The one school uninfluenced by Socrates and who actually has hostile and negative invective to say about Socrates are the Epicureans. And so I've given you a bunch of divergent interpretations of Socrates if you look at the negative or hostile view of Aristophanes and compare it with the positive views of Plato and Xenophon or we could compare the conventional versus radical Socrates in Xenophon versus Plato or different representations of Socrates within Plato or Socrates' influence on his immediate circles hedonists and anti-hedonists and also his influence on both dogmatic schools like hedonists, anti-hedonists and skeptical influences like Antisthenes and like Carnades in the new Academy. And here's a summary of some Socratic paradoxes. No one desires anything that's bad. People only desire what's good. No one does anything wrong willingly or knowingly. It's impossible to do anything wrong willingly or knowingly. All virtue is just a kind of knowledge, if somebody is knowledgeable they are necessarily virtuous and if they are ignorant they're necessarily vicious. Virtue is both necessary and sufficient for happiness. If you have it you're happy. If you don't have it it's impossible for you to be happy. And my favorite rhetoric or training in speaking like they give you in law school is only useful for either indicting yourself if you do something wrong or your friends if they've done something wrong or helping your enemies escape punishment. That could be a useful thing to learn about in law school.


As we celebrate this Christmas season and the end of another year, I am so grateful for this opportunity to invite you to reflect on the past year and how fortunate we are. I thank the almighty God for good health, strength and the blessings that he has bestowed upon us all. The world experienced the outbreak of a global medical pandemic of the coronavirus. With the statistical daily effects of the coronavirus, none of us knew where we would be today. The past year have been challenging more so for some than others. COVID-19 has led to a dramatic loss of lives and our island was not spared. We are still experiencing the devastation and ramifications of the global economy which have affected our progression as a country as we don't exist in a vacuum. We had to adopt to the new normal which created reform changes and disruption to our daily social life. While this past year will be unforgettable, let this Christmas be humanely different. Perhaps it can be the best year to practice the true meaning of the season. It provides the perfect opportunity to demonstrate many acts of volunteerism, compassion and kindness in being our brother's keeper. I am certain that this year showed and reminded us of the things that are really important. I was pleased with the way we reached out to each other during the core of the pandemic especially when this country was on shutdown. I encourage us all to amplify these gestures during this festive season. Our traditional ways to spread share may be altered but the true spirit of Christmas of giving and sharing must never be diminished. The season beckons of us to keep reaching out to help those who are less privileged, the elderly, the vulnerable and the homebound. It will never be too much to express our profound gratitude to our essential workers for their service and sacrifice in this continued fight against COVID-19. The chief medical officer and staff, the medical staff at the Sufran Hospital and Health Centers, the police and fire officers at the Sufran stations and other essential public service providers. Our prayers are with all those battling illness especially the overwhelming virus of COVID-19. We remember those we have lost this past year. For me personally, I remember the sudden passing of my best friend, King Nigel Mansell-Mondayzi and all of my other constituents who have passed on. We pray that their souls rest in perpetual peace. As we celebrate the season, I am fortified as I have done for the past four years to share this message of hope, joy and anticipation for the new year. To my people of Sufran, I will forever be grateful for your trust and confidence in me. I thank you for your prayers that strengthen and give me courage daily as I represent your interest. We are resilient people. We have endured and recovered from unfortunate circumstances and can only be stronger when we support each other. Let us remain focused in realizing our vision in making Sufran for Sejak, the jewel of St. Lucia and the Eden of the Caribbean. Despite the unprecedented challenges we have all faced for the past year, we are grateful for the continued progress we have been able to achieve. Though suppressed, we recorded significant progress to several parts of the constituency during the past year. We are pressing with the rehabilitation of the Sufran stadium with the tough and tracked installation complete, the commencement and ongoing reconstruction of new development road network and many other projects and programs implemented in the past year. As we look forward to the upcoming new year with great anticipation and confidence, I am pleased to announce of immediate upcoming initiatives. The construction of the Palmis Vending Facility to foster local economic development, commencement of Old Trafford Phase 2 project, the Esperance Road Diamond Road Construction, the Zeno Road Rehabilitation, the Bwarden Belfast Road Rehabilitation, the installation of lights and washroom at Forseshak Plainfield, the construction of the Ruby Cricket Ground and many other initiatives throughout the length and breadth of the constituency. These projects are a continuation of our transformative agenda and the promise to build a new St. Lucia, constituency by constituency, community by community. The empowerment and advancement of the lives of the people of Sufran Forseshak will transfigure our beautiful constituency. I join my constituents in thanking the government of St. Lucia for their respective departments and personnel, my cabinet colleagues, fellow parliamentarians, partner agencies and friendly governments for your considerations in the past and look favorable to our satisfying relationship in the future. Your contributions are incalculable. I take this opportunity to thank everyone for the service to the development of the constituency. Your service, partnership and interventions have positively impacted the people of Sufran Forseshak. To the management and staff at the Department of Physical Planning, I thank you all for your dedication and service to the public and national development. As we move into 2021, it is my wish that we continue in the spirit of hope and optimism. Our nation has made significant progress under this administration. I encourage everyone to remain united with my government to keep our nation on a sustainable path. Let us all remain resolute and united as the people bonded in love. I am hopeful the experiences of the past years will bring us all closer together. Let us find safe ways to celebrate this season. Please practice patience and awareness and adhere to the protocols to limit the spread of COVID-19. My family and I wish you both here and abroad blessings of good health, happiness and prosperity throughout this coming year. Merry Christmas and we look forward to a happy and brighter year ahead. I thank you.


We are back welcome on back here for another fantastic edition of our weekly workshop traders talk inside our live trading room And on social media Facebook live linked in Twitter YouTube the work So great to have Steve with us Andrea Ryan who had said just before that the Lee and stock Li and just out of nowhere making a pop live and that's obviously one of a few different trades will jump to but great to see All our students alike inside our live trading room Just give me a quick chat back for all of us here collectively So let me know if you can hear me loud and clear it should be good to go across all ends so Hey great to have Prashat with us here on YouTube as well joining us today and again There is so much to talk about so far. So for all of our students that are enrolled in our core enrolled in our live trading room That is I off chance to get through all your questions. Actually, there is just too much to really Talk about with the market pushing up with crypto exploding with IMVO the 400% gainer that we had yesterday mind you and then today We had Lee and the stock that a lot of us were talking about just before INM from pre-market AST I just you name it. So let's actually dig right into it now. And actually there's a few stocks crypto stocks Making a pop back up Mara being one of them I am a happy camper on this move right now, especially as we're in traders talk all as well here So with that there's other trades that are moving with Mara. You got riot Making a move up up over 15% trying to make the same type of squeeze back up it is This stock I am a huge fan of so alongside Mara I am very bullish right now on this stock CLSK Long-term chart doesn't look too great yet. This move today at least definitely confirms what could be ahead But right now this is looking like a Fausto flag higher lows trying to move back up towards the high of the day off of 510 511 These are all crypto made namely Bitcoin mining companies for anyone that is new here at least Give me a quick sec actually a social me inside a live trading room in a second In a small little hiccup one second on social media. Good to go inside our live trading room Just had a bullet. Let me reset my mic there All right test one two should be good now Jeth Kath Phil should be back on the war now, right? Caught it early. Hey caught it early rare audio Issue from my side. So hey for all this collectively basically the Bitcoin mining stocks you know that we've been following and for more or less Mara is one of the companies one of the crypto mining companies that own the most amount of Bitcoin within their like treasury within their like investment and CLSK is a company that it actually is a cheap stock that not many would really think too much about it first when it comes to These like miners, but actually recently JP Morgan came out with a report saying that it's like their top Bitcoin mining stock to work with going forward. That's not my biggest reason It's actually more so the long-term chart look like this was actually about to flip Support and we started to see that actually just yesterday and now we had a nice gap up this morning Referring actually more so here last month or so So again to squeeze up there yesterday up towards 445 nice little chart level here Shipping away at it over time couldn't hold it and broke under it support should become resistance and it squeezed up really nicely today So that could be used as a swing level over time perhaps on a deeper pullback. I don't think that's gonna be the case So I think that with how Bitcoin's been looking We could see a really sharp squeeze up much higher actually over time like 40,000 perhaps then maybe a pullback But with that said like hey if this just goes for the remainder of the day Look at this higher lows still trying to make the breakout. So there is a lot to talk about now Let's actually talk about this beginning from yesterday the Mara trade This was a hell of a move a lot of us were in this really from the get-go yesterday morning So, let me ask us here first thing for your hood a very nice conversation with just before and jiff and Phil catamine Who all now can hear me. I appreciate it What's the first thing that we do when it comes to plotting levels when it comes to finding Where our big levels are what is the north star? What is the first thing that that we do that we feel most comfortable with the thing that we feel most trustworthy of? What are we looking at? There could be perhaps two answers to this question. There could be two answers to this question, perhaps And I'll tell you what our platinum and diamond students like Phil and you hooda and Sam same saying it too But actually at the same of that on top. I appreciate that to the opening ring so Really every answer I was in the chat board is honestly head on to like perfectly and the opening print so 50 cent levels whole numbers just that's your like, you know in terms of abstract assumed iceberg levels Psychological levels you could potentially say for a cheaper stock Those are going to be important 50 cent levels whole numbers like that's always like one of the first things I think about and then what I look at at least is book map I look at level four so obviously I know like 80 to 85 percent of our students have book map level four at this point Here, let me ask us. This is from yesterday's move, of course, but if you were identifying this as a day trade Yesterday morning in pre-market you saw it up like however much much percent in pre-market Where do we see these big iceberg levels folks where do you see the orange and red lines going across the page from left to right? What is out there the longest? What's the like the line that's out that the lines that are out there the longest amount of time now?  It looks about like 18 19,000 shares There's actually like 17,000 here as well at each 20 So like you know, this really is your big level then it's kind of blocking everything here at this point Eat 30 good call. What else we got? That's not the only level there that you could identify with you know, there's another price That's showing an iceberg that's out there for over an hour's worth of time over an hour That's a lot of time when it comes to day trading Sam and you have hooda at first and John saying it 775 right here, right after eight o'clock pops up big iceberg there, right? So it's out there going into the whole market open. It's like 30,000 shares My wisdom skills. How about that? So what happened this morning? Well, it pulled back at the open Could I ask us here? It's class week. I got to be annoying with it. I'm gonna ask you my catchphrase My best entries to buy a stock are directly after what for? Jeff and you hooda Phil John and you know, certainly if you're a long time Member here let alone on top of that a full-blown student of CTU my best entries to buy a stock or what Sydney That's the other answer and that's not the answer to this one just yet Getting ahead of yourself there, right? You got a question to ask before that at least but my best entries to buy a stock are Directly after what it breaks through a big level now The emphasis that we got to focus on here or the part we got to emphasize is on the way up Because hey if our best entries to buy a stock where after it breaks through a big level and we're buying a stock after It breaks under a big level What are we doing catching a falling knife actually worse than that? We're buying under it after it's already broken. You can't do that here You actually got to wait for this to break under the level because like I said if it crashes that price Then you're there's no entry then that support gets flipped into resistance But here we look for what's called the under and over when it comes to support at least, you know Resistance is resistance breakouts what we'll focus on but like under and over this this makes as beautiful of a move as I would ever Want it to make so again if you're like a gold student platinum diamond student You're with us like in our classes more times than you're not I know not everyone can make it for the live classes But you know I saw students that were in the phase one class earlier this week that were you know There are longtime students have been with us and hearing me for years So it goes to show that for those that are there with me more often you're gonna be more reactive to this move Simple as that you prep up your levels You do your homework and you focus on the mechanics of how to take the trade and then on top of that you set a tight stop You got to obviously play defense after and make sure your stop is set here, but Sydney let me ask you When a stock breaks through a big level and then we jump in what are we getting shortly after my friend? Because that right there is the answer I was gonna ask her ask for here And that's a big move shortly after a big move now Again, if we don't get that big move up and it keeps hitting that 75 price Guess what? We're gonna get a big move that that big support's gonna get broken through and it cracks So from here obviously we got what we wanted to pop to like immediately up to 8805 I Don't think that's necessarily a big move You know look at the cyber clock. We got a little bit more time till that illustrious 10 15 10 30 reversal hour, right? Maybe for a dollar $2 stock that could be deemed as a fairly big move 25 30 cents I envy oh from earlier from from earlier this week I&M from this morning in pre-market Leanne, you know the cheaper the stock is like that 20 to 30 cents is really good Have we not seen Mara make like a 30% move in one day? Have we not seen Mara make like a dollar 50 move in one day? So why can't we get like, you know 50 cents out of that? Why can't we get 75 cents out of that total? Dollar dollar 50 move. We're not trying to be perfect But we're trying to at least get enough meat off the bone to satisfy us and at least based off experience Perhaps we can anticipate to see a larger reaction So we did have in terms of being a perfectionist This did actually make the perfect move that we can hope and dream for cookie doesn't always crumble that way though, right? So I will say that played out flawless to strategy, but otherwise though afterwards Yeah, you got it like a hell of a move up moved level to level up to eat 30 So that would be perfect in its own or even a little under that take the money and run But again, hey for as much as this nips resistance and keeps testing resistance We went over this in class to a much greater extent in phase one yesterday catch back with us tomorrow We're gonna continue that conversation with charting But the more times it nips this resistance over time not only should it break it and make a you know proverbial big move shortly after Again another catchphrase another question. I got to ask you it's class week So I know you guys hate me already, but when a stock breaks above resistance and it runs off of it We'd like to think that resistance should look to become what initially initially what Question from Luciano coming in here. I got a lot of questions folks coming in So just give me a moment. I saw from private chat got a tent of that on the Lee and trade Make sure I don't forget that I should get my private chat window open your problem be a good idea Josh Support stock breaks above resistance. We'd like to think that should become support, right? Okay Okay, I think that's all that needs to be said there, right? Okay Now the first test that in which it came down to that price It made my famed under and over so this actually generated a beauty of an entry at first Now am I like a fan of this move as it sideways? No, you know, look how long it takes for it to break out. It's like 40 minutes of my time 50 minutes actually my time my time is valuable And I hope you think your time is valuable too as a day trader because if not then you're undervaluing yourself It is to say at least that we should be seeing higher highs and the more I'm watching this the more I can become distracted and miss a better move. It might be a better stock that I can be trading then Maybe just saying so you don't want to get stuck watching the grass grow So I'm not necessarily doing back flips over this kind of stalling out for 50 whole minutes my time That's really how I think of it But does it break lower? Does it make a lower low? No, it doesn't it actually holds double bottom and then higher lows the rest of the way through Now what we say folks really quick as far as like support resistance Where are we more likely to focus on support resistance like where are the icebergs most likely located? We said it before Joyce and a few of us Where are the icebergs most likely located here because we didn't even talk about eight bucks I'm not gonna talk about eight bucks. There's no need to this thing's off and running talk about 850 though So 850 is high the day level at first here generally held under 850 here at this point didn't test it So I would expect normally further to be like, you know initial false break over 850 at first like here first candle They definitely expecting false break pop and drop then we'll see what happens But otherwise again the more it nipped it nipped it even in that shorter three minute concentration It was strong enough at the time obviously to realize that larger Larger move up shortly after so with that and moved up and held support now. This is where things get cool This is very good things get really interesting. I'm giving you a whole phase one class here in like 10 minutes so this stock Mara had a big level on The daily chart and had a couple of them obviously you could see these two in fact If you follow Fausto on social media follow them on Twitter actually we ended up making a few tweets about this going into the market Open today. I'm gonna try and load those up right now Right there follow us at cyber trading you perhaps But you could see two significant levels from this year to watch 862 and 1066 we'll get to 1066 in a second. You better believe that Look at this We had big support back from April into July right like three four months at a time here So maybe this wasn't super strong at first. There's a few points where it touches like perfect actually But you know, it's not flawless at first. This is flawless Okay, it was testing this as a support at first. It couldn't get the higher high it dropped off All right. It was holding under it as resistance for like the last week I guess we weren't really inclined to focus on Mara the last week or so, but whatever Well, yesterday, we ended up seeing this smash over that 861 862 price right and what I'll do here now is plot a line there because you could see Wait a second. This didn't pull back the 850 to test it as support It just continued to hold over a higher price didn't it? So it ended up effectively holding over the historical level that we were focused on like 861 862 Price right there right from our tweet broke above resistance there became support under and over It did it a second time where it's like you're thinking it could crash So easy to say in hindsight. This was like the pivot where it made the sling shot under and over again But the more times it does test this you would think like a crap this might sink So it is to say at least this does like really hold the second time makes the higher high into the market closed session 3 p.m So beautiful move. All right now What we'll do is we'll go back to book map because we got at least this 1066 I mean it was in this range for a long time broke it above as resistance here This was a great support test led to a great bounce off like I think this was even fake news that led to this pop But we'll take it as a swing trade looking at this potential support Well, you already see what happened. I mean, I'm the stories already kind of spoiled here looking at the daily chart right there, but Over time this morning If you're wondering like hey, like, you know, you're just kind of doing this right now I like this is easy to see after the fact, right? These were my levels that I took the time to plot at 815 Eastern time this morning So you tell me folks. I think preparation pays off I got a bunch of crap on the screen probably too many lines for your eyes there But nonetheless this morning on my on Mara this had iceberg support at 950 and at 955 So I was looking for this to break into this and make a slingshot and that would have been like the ultimate buying opportunity Cookie did not crumble well there for me because this didn't make the exact perfect move that I wanted like like in relation to strategy At least this actually was perfect in the sense of like holding right over this skinny line But I want under and over so with strategy. I don't get what I want there But over time from there it leads to the slingshot above the next level You know easy to say but that that's what leads to the entry and then even from there like 10 bucks Make this fat here make it really easy on the eyes this line Notice in the morning pre-market this was testing $10 Early it broke over it Let me ask us here in the chat board Margaret and Luciano perhaps over time Definitely will look to have to go through our classes and you'll you'll learn this over time and Michael great to see Michael with us A long time like that actually I've seen Michael in the chat here and there, but gotta catch up the Michael It's been a long time and Don and a few more of us here on top When a stock breaks above resistance, what color are we getting on time in sales when it breaks over that iceberg at $10? What what color on time in sales are we getting getting green and What are we nicknamed green as folks? What's the nickname that we give green my nickname is Josh my Legal name is Joshua. So the reason I bring that up is because what happens if it fails to make the pop But in terms of a longer picture here that we have Buying even this buying buying it doesn't get the job done. It doesn't look good not healthy lower highs Even here it doesn't make the big move yet, but buying the more times it it's nipping that resistance with you know Good consistency if we keep seeing the stock test resistance and especially in a shorter time frame We should expect to make this pop So it's easy to say but after the open it pulled back It did break over this line in which that provided a great entry But then from there what's easy to say is this actually led to a great entry on top once it broke over 10 again like the re-break over 10 beauty of a move We are getting the pull back right now. I'm happy to be out of this trade at this point So the Mara position I end up I guess I got stopped out on is it as I end up pulling back here But if it's not making a big move up higher, I guess there's only one other way it's gonna go so Geez, we'll see what happens this trade later on But what I wanted to at least attend to the long story short on this was that if you focus on this line This was 1067 That was the strong long-term historical level. They were focused on from earlier this year by long term I mean back from like May June July time resistance became support I actually have a doji on the daily chart right here right near it So there's a lot of fuel to the fire that played into 1065 1067 1070 ish area to act as that top And actually if you look on book map there wasn't much resistance on that trade Mandicing sinking yes, and it really dropping out looks like Bitcoin likely making a sharper pullback I don't know if it's the market here as a whole but probably Bitcoin So you know a little profit taken from that last run, but you could see it over time There wasn't really much resistance Around 1065 1070 your next resistance up top is at 11 right on the Mara trade So 87 88,000 shares you would expect you would expect for this to move up there. No problem But you know hey, this is really the main tool that we look at But you still want to focus on your long-term levels if there's any chart level from even the last week You can kind of hone it on but here though You would expect for the first time to have this get retested as resistance The first test is the best test So I don't root for a stock normally to tank but as far as a learning lesson I was actually rooting for this to pull back pretty hard here at this point obviously not just a Prove the itself as a level But so possibly get another entry and that's what happened actually here a little bit later on Looks like pre-market resistance right here Early in the morning right around ten dollars and twenty cents holding really well going into the eight o'clock move Held generally under it going into the market open But even as chippy as it was at this point This wasn't really looking great great as a level when we would want it to be It ended up providing us that support a little bit later on before we started traders talk So I was looking for the high or high just before as we were going through here, but I Mean it's like I always say if it's not breaking higher. There's only one other way. It's gonna go We saw a TPST up like 3,000 percent two weeks ago That's what we're that's why we were so confident with I in VO yesterday as it was up like even to 300 percent itself Well, this thing is up like what like 30% probably 40% the last like day or so. That's a lot That's a lot. Don't get me wrong. Do not get old Josh. You're wrong. That's a lot but Why can't we see more we've seen it recently on a lot of different trades All be it perhaps those are lower float lower volume if Bitcoin is as volatile as we are led to believe it is Well, what's gonna happen when we're actually in the bull market, you know, it's Explode look what happened in last bull market with Mara So I'm not just sitting on my hands hoping for that to happen. But as we make a higher low here Is it not possible to make a higher high over time? Is it not possible? I mean, I think it's possible We had that the iceberg 11 But and this is the but because because trading is based around ifs and thens and butts But if we don't get that high or high and this makes a lower high from this peak What often comes with a lower high? I want all of us to write in the chat board here because we covered it just less than 24 hours ago yesterday in class Lower highs often times come with what often times come with what? As hopeful as I am to see that higher high if we get a lower high Often times we get a lower low. So this end up failing to hold support once it broke under support That's all she wrote for the time being this actually dipped right into the iceberg support here that was out there in pre-market Wow, let's see if that's still out there live So, you know, I'm tossing a lot at you here with this one trade There's still a few more stocks that want to cover questions to address but more or less Just because this is dropping out doesn't mean that we can't get a bounce leader on today So, you know, that's where I'll say hey if you see this back at 10 bucks heading into the afternoon meeting at 2 30 I do Don't be surprised if you hear me say oh this led to a great entry from 950 to 955, you know This support line could still hold now granted I'm only saying that from a level perspective if bitcoins dropping like a rock right now Then you just got to set a tight stop mind you if you are looking to get the balance It's got to be soon You don't want to have this sink any lower because seemingly my next support line doesn't seem to be until like 920 919 It's like a weekly doji level if not mistaken as well back from that So, you know, hey even if you drop lower from that point So something like this actually would be a decent entry, but you really have to play tight D Super tight D by the way like by like a penny or two Yes, I know some traders don't like hearing that because they'll probably retort back and say like, you know But I get stopped out so often and like, you know, I always see the stock bounce back up after without me Well, that kind of comes down to two things. Hey, are you really and I Genuinely mean this like are you really entering at the best price at the best level close enough to the level? Like if you're chasing this you jump in right now at 963 and then it pulls back Be down 13 cents before it even breaks the level. So that's where like having a bad entry or an off entry from your price it It's not gonna be advantageous all together But it's just to say at least in terms of having your stop blown through. Yeah I mean a tighter stop you're more genuinely led to believe it could take you out But a tighter entry allows you that maybe extra couple pennies there, right?  What I mean by that is this I think all of us actually actually I didn't show it. Pardon me Showed it yesterday not from today. This right here is the Mara iceberg from 950 and 958 so I even rounded down I even played a little safer there try to go a little bit closer to 950 by making this iceberg here at 955 on my chart So you see this out here. It's out there all morning in pre-market This is the easy to see support line right here looking at the pre-market book map So if you know, that's a big level then you got to have the confidence to take the trade But you can't have this like pull back again Look at how much it dropped like you don't want to have this continue to drop for as much as it did pump up yesterday I'm not expecting it to drop any lower and if it does I'm not expecting it to fill the gap down completely But why can't it drop down towards like 920? Next support level. So are you really? Ready to be down 15 cents 20 cents 25 30 cents Without setting a stop or setting a stop. That's too wide again. I'm tossing a lot at us here in a little workshop I got I got to go over this a lot more in a class, but that's where I say at least with this type of balance It could still provide a great move, but Every trade begins with the entry. That's it All right, so with that actually really quick at a transition really quickly to another stock stock that has way less lines Way less lines zero lines actions CLSK So I said before has big fantasy LSK They actually own a lot more Bitcoin within their like treasury or fund or whatever you want to call it Compared to what I thought they're just some crappy small cap stock like you know There's a few of these that are like miners this hut trade SOS looks bad. Like eventually these will go BTB T Bitfarm and we see this crap all the time for lack of better freezing. I Was pretty blown away by what I saw at CLSK. There's some report coming out like oh, they own this much Bitcoin It's actually not too far off from Mara. Oh shoot. All right Well, not only that but JP Morgan came out some report very recently where they they addressed CLSK is like one of their Favorite or best up-and-coming, you know best Crypto Bitcoin mining stocks to come for next year. That sounds good That just came out like a few days ago a couple days ago at that So I was thinking this could really go and pop and it did it popped yesterday it popped this morning So all together on this what I was looking for this is more simple, you know, I was looking kind of just right here pre-market support broke under it Stock breaks below support support should initially become resistance. This was right at the open So there's no thought of entering there. It drops off, right? Well as I saw Mara push up and Bitcoin and all that stuff You know, I said, all right This could be a good entry as it pushed up above this pre-market support line again at 482 You know, I pulled back and then led to a great sling shot up higher from 482 up towards $5 at least You know cheaper stock it made like an 18 cent push that alone is nice And then it moved up even a little higher. So this one I think we could see here on the daily chart weekly chart mind you weekly chart Pretty much right there, right? I mean you see it head on look at that back from April, May June, July Is that not the same as Mara right here? It's basically the same Type of level, you know, it's not going to be perfect 100 correlation, but that's where on the CLSK trade. Hey, look at this. This was damn strong No, no fake outs really here just broke over it Resistance did become support on this weekly candle and it led to a great bounce back up like hell of a move This has to be But for as much as it broke under to support support initially Right there And with that That's all she wrote so that's what led to a really good entry on this trade We're really gonna exit on this trade might I say all together if not from $5 then even from just a larger historic historical Let's go back to our friend Mara because I saw a CLSK pulling back. So you figure Mara like did I drop off a little bit now and yep, there we go All right, so hey, that's right cleanly tell you if you took this entry here It's like all right. You look to likely just get stopped out now. Is there a case to see this now go back up? Could it bounce now? Yeah, that's the purpose of being a day trader. You got to watch this to see what happens I'm not in the business of catching full and nice.  Do we continue down trend? Do we see higher low now build that would be the next step as far as seeing like What's to come from the like the 950 price? But it doesn't look like this wants to bounce just yet It seems like we have our next level at least right around that 919 right now Really quick and pull up Mara here. Yeah, look at this ice. You got an iceberg here on the ask I saw popping up there Singles dropping No harm no foul feet go break even and you might say oh you should have gotten out right here No, I mean maybe like if you want to take small profits perhaps but like We've seen Mara make like a dollar fifty move here this morning. Why can't it make like a 50 cent balance? You know what I mean So there are plenty of times where I don't take the money and run or where I could or whatever because it's tiny to me I'm looking for more and that's not greed. That's just trying to play strategy But if you don't get what you want you got to get out You got to take the the break even you got to take the Minus one and actually very good question from Anthony and our chat. I got to make sure I don't skip questions, right? All right, so after Anthony action go go through chat go through private chat go through email. Make sure I catch myself Anthony asked me what is a minus one in terms of dollars very good question. So I on a thousand shares Let's say for this Minus one is $10 loss You know 500 shares $5 loss 100 shares $1 loss So minus one is like cents per share how many shares you're trading times the amount of pennies per share that you might lose out on So let's see what happens here. This might start to be a move here and just got to wait a little bit longer for support to build The market here kind of looks like it's pulled back Along with Mara. I did chart the spy So spies back to my very strong level here for 2258 basically like a very strong historical weekly chart level Held it so well in the morning session very impressed with how I did it But again the more times it nips this price. It should eventually break lower. So You got to be very careful here across the whole market. I feel That's where for certain trades like Mara. You got to be patient on to see things play out You know, just got to watch everything in Bitcoin for this. You got to watch the markets obviously all together Lost that there for a second All right, so let's jump to Leanne. I got a couple questions on Leanne Not my ex-girlfriend the stock So it's to say this was dropping off at the market open It was pretty flat going into 930 though So, you know, if you thought this would be a great trade for you to look at going into the open Don't blame you. It's not tanking there at the time. You want to see it break out a little bit higher But obviously at 930 we see right away this thing like craps out So when you get this, you know strong drop-off right away Unless if you're looking for that slingshot you got to assume it's like, okay If we get lower high, then we're gonna get a lower low. I got to see a higher high if anything for this to continue. So I'm gonna just actually pull up book map then I'll go to my traders that had some questions on the stock So I'm probably just gonna do a small little Analysis of this myself then we'll dig into the questions that we had All right, so with myself being infatuated with the crypto stocks much like a lot of us honestly today I didn't really trade Lee and I didn't focus on it or buckle in on it as a Like like to the point of knowing where the levels are I was calling it out with Fausto in the morning Broadcast, but I don't have the lines on my chart.   So like 239 240. I would say would be a pretty strong like area there Three iceberg level 350 a 50 cent level whole number kind of deal there Nothing else really sticking out to me and that's all right Now we do have something that sticks out at the market open actually This is the last thing that I was gonna say was a great answer to my question earlier I think Sam brought this up on top of like the basics like the real like core basics of 50 cent levels whole numbers and just looking at book map, right? Well, specifically like the opening bell print is a pretty important level to watch for any trade the reason I say that is because well Looks like our largest iceberg out there on the book after 930 certainly is at a three bucks It's about a 44,000 share 44,100 share order on the ass This is 81,600 shares. What's bigger? You tell me Let me know folks. What's bigger 44,000 or 81,000? I Think that we all know the answer Obviously, but I got to make the answer it because Hey, how much respect are we or are we not giving the opening print? Like, you know, I know that a lot of us look at this But everyone should be looking at this for those that are ignoring this you're doing yourself a giant disservice So this was at 248. We would assume 250 to be a level perhaps But hell this could have been at 241 and I'd say that this is larger So it's the price that matters here and the size at 248 we had a key level right there. What happened after the open? Well, of course it dropped off and held resistance there and pulled back We did have a sudden slingshot so I want to go into that like what happened around 210 the price right here No, I don't know if there's a really clear level there of support I didn't see in pre-market, but it led to the breakout over Okay, well broke over 248 here folks when a stock breaks above a big level when it breaks above resistance And runs off of it. I'd like to think that resistance would become what one more time One more time for the crowd support I Don't make the rules up folks and I'm not captain hindsight as much as I only call myself that That's because here in traders talk we have the chance to go over this afterwards But in the live market you need to be thinking of these principles on your own Right, you're not gonna have Josh you're asking that question as you're looking at this shaking around very quickly so You know actually very briefly to kind of go into it once more like I have a student that I was on a call with like couple days back Unnamed and it was a great call and you know just to say that like, you know, they Gave me a concern that a lot of students. I mean practically ever you student gives me All this is really fast-moving, right? Like all this Like all of this I'm saying like not just the screen Me I am fast talking. I speak fast. I'm flapping my guns at 930. Like I'm an auctioneer Fausto to like trust me we get it and on top of us. It's the platform It's the amount of stocks that we're calling out It's you know the fast-moving numbers the bright colors as I describe it All we got to do is focus on the core philosophies of momentum and charting like really those two There are like Some things that I'll look at that Fausto doesn't necessarily use himself and that's okay He keeps it extremely simple keeps it super simple, right?  That's how you're like making the the ball go faster in terms of baseball You're increasing the speed of pitch making things too fast too overwhelming. You don't know your left hand from your right So yeah, Mara, I had a lot of lines on that chart, right? So it's each their own there You don't need to be as crazy as old Josh on that but when it comes to the opening print and it comes to like a break above resistance resistance become support and from there That was all she wrote so That's basically what I wanted to dig into there now to question from a student on this trade They got in on this position. They took it two times at two thirty five So there are two trades where as follows they got in at two thirty five They got out at two thirty six just break even said it was slow And then they got in again at two fifty two and then they got out at two fifty nine I typically don't enter two times, but maybe should I? Okay, that's a great question for my student there and you know to answer that I Mean it all comes down to how confident you are in the big level that you're risking thousands of your hard-earned dollars on Notice how I phrase it that way, right? I'm being very blunt with that because not directly to this trader I know they have their head on straight honestly from our dialogue. I'm coaching but for like everyone I'm speaking to like 120 people right now So it's like I got some new traders with me too and for those traders I really am concerned about like in terms of you know what you can't just jump into a trade to jump in You know if you're doing that then there's no good cause and that's not gonna take you anywhere You're gonna be spinning your tires in the mud over the next year You got to have reason and validity to enter a trade. So with that, that's where I emphasize big levels Okay, if there's no big level then I'm not entering a trade at all let alone twice I Get stopped out oftentimes Take break evens oftentimes because I'm here all throughout the day and with that I'm not Hidden home runs or doubles every day or every every trade I should say You know there are times where I get stopped out often and then I'll make my big move up A la Mara here you see in a tiny retracement back up where that could have led to a potential move So there could be more to come on this over time It's simply to say that for a trade that I get stopped out on if I am 100% confident not just speculative But if I am 100% confident of the level I'm using then I will take that trade a second time Yeah, even a third time Now though what I mean by that is setting tight stops break evens minus two not like doing more than that You know you keep hammering away and taking minus eight minus ten That's where you're gonna get like really hit hard. So let's go back to that Leanne trade You're right now trying to I don't know trying to squeeze up there, but let's say I don't know 250 was though Okay, let's say you didn't think about the opening print and you were focused on 250 you jump in over 250 It looks good and then it pulls back and like it stops you out on this candle. Notice it breaks under 250 by a penny It's like I shoot it didn't go higher. It didn't in my tank well if it stops you out and then Instantly after it stops you out this damn thing pops back up again in Terms of day trading like we know we're not holding on to this all day Let alone maybe the next like 30 minutes but if we see a stock stop us out and then it very very very quickly moves back above that Not to say very too often very big level, you know that you are 100% confident on using then that's where I'll look to jump back in like just before on Mara You know as I'm talking right here. Is it possible that could have been a nice entry on this trade?  So this doesn't look good That's for sure. I wouldn't be trying to hammer away on this trade because of how it looks right now the Leanne Clearly didn't break lower from this area. I would have no interest in this right now or at least for my cursor is This is starting to peak curiosity again. So let's just see what happens on level four right now There could always be another trade if there's a clean break of resistance Well folks our next resistance seemingly is at 350 We had a level here, but that's just from choppy consolidation So there's nothing there that I could have used as like a level. It's really just 350 So if this could snap over 350, we still even have this iceberg ahead at 375 that popped up a little bit later on Right there So I wouldn't be too vested in this until this can really like flip 350 into support at least then from there You hope to see the higher high up over 375 This thing still has a long ways to go for this to be like an actually good trade But you know if it could do what I said then there's a chance for this to go That's how we take it. All right, so really quick folks 1153 haven't even gotten to my emails yet haven't even gone to the Even though I took it off my book map I said that there was a chance we'd go over it if we had time the I in VO from yesterday Geez this thing was up 400% So basically what happened here if anything If you can at least kind of follow along right here, you see a line at 178 Right, we had resistance. I believe it was at 175 But they've moved that line up a few pennies We had an iceberg at 175 yesterday morning in pre-market going into the open So it was out there on level four And more or less it broke over that price and it got halted on the way up. It actually popped up so fast. It got halted here reopened popped up again and then it I believe got halted one more time here And then it reopened got halted one more time on the way down very chaotic trade very unbridled Trade as far as like pop and drop high risk high reward. Thankfully for this high reward Thankfully and paid off, but I think it just goes to show. I think you see what I see right there It's pretty common sense that iceberg at 175 in pre-market that resistance level Got flipped into support, didn't it and this ended up making my famed Under and over broke under broke over run game over All right, so really quickly I'm actually just checking my email right now I had a question from a trade on the lian stock as well. I hope I addressed their question there at least They unnamed they said that they made the wrong entry and lost money. So let me just Show the chart again So the real level was the opening print that 248, but they said 276 So let's just take a look at that there really briefly a ton of buying right here. How's that? All right, I got a ton of green here a lot of green bats looks like a ladder on the bid here to try to squeeze up Depends on what time they entered but for this to be a resistance. It was out there for a little while Moving up and up and up the first test is the strongest test. We say this like every day So right here and I just say this out loud because you see the reaction This right here is Extremely easy for us to anticipate the first test of a resistance like that We would expect to see hold or be a pop and drop be the best test Now after that what happens? Oh, yeah bingo breaks over it Flipped into support move up simple as that That is Legitimately as simple as that But again, like that is something that we talked so frequently about just even in phase one We did yesterday less than 24 hours ago. We covered that that was my whole like mantra The first test is the strongest test first test is the best test like that Quick shout out to my friend Alex Alex one of our new gold students said no question But he's back to the salt mines this week use Looking for a big day on Bitcoin yesterday. Got it. He's a big fan of my Mara and CLSK and just wishing him well Let's keep it going. Let's keep it moving and see if there's any other emails Maybe I thought I saw an extra one out there I if there's any questions folks I skipped if you see anything that I did not answer just yet definitely let me know here in the chat But I think that otherwise we may have covered all bases here. Oh from Luciano Luciano one of our members here in the chat here Actually, my apologies actually Where do you set your stop loss on a trade?  It's called setting stops and taking profits That's like I have 60 full minutes to kind of go over that one sub topic. So it's all in phase two there the Too long didn't read version which doesn't really help us right now like you know helps you at least learn the abstracts but This one workshop is not going to make you a good trader I hope that trial members realize that it takes months of screen time and class time to really have this in great But to answer Luciano, though truthfully this to say every stock is situational Basically, I'm gonna be very conservative with my stops. I said it basically right under my big level But every stock presents its own unique levels to work off of so That is the best answer that I can give you in the time that I have left honestly So I'm conservative with my stop setting. I Move it up at times, especially the more I'm in the money But once I jump in the trade, it's like really right under my big level not at my big level But under my big level and I'll kind of work from there From Joyce is the first test the best at any time of the day The more a stock is showing direction already and it has a resistance ahead you should expect that resistance to hold That's my answer there. So that's not necessarily time dependent, right? But like hey Leanne the more this goes up and up and up and up Hey, you expect 1030 to be reversal time. So that's like kind of part of the answer of timing there I guess but then you could say all right. Well, where's the next big level 350 Okay, I guess it actually hit there, but even here at this point, you know It ended up popping pulling back down if there was resistance there by any stretch of the measure then I Would expect that to hold that would be my thought just look what happened on Mara. Come on right here at the I'll delete this line now because now I can pretty it up a little bit. But like right here 1067 that historical first test best test Didn't matter if this was at 1030 in the morning or at 12 p.m. Or 2 p.m. If this was the first test I would have expected I I did expect that to hold and I would expect that to hold Regardless the time today. Oh Boy Sam at the horn here. I don't know if I have enough time to answer this one This is a finance philosophical question that leads me to say I might not have enough time Why do people enter huge icebergs on the ask which will suppress the price they want to sell at? Sam actually I could answer that here very quickly But I I have more time in phase two not even phase one phase two I actually have a lot more time to kind of go over it, but the answer that will help you here at least is Maybe those orders are not meant to get filled Maybe those orders are being used as facilitators to squeeze the stock in a direction We don't know what the intent of that order is But what we won't We don't know what the intent of that order is in terms of is that actually meant to get filled or is that used as a facilitator?  You know, that's resistance, but When you see it pop up like that. Yeah, initially I think oh shoot There's a good chance it might pull back down right away. That's the first thought that you should have There's a lot that would go into this answer Sam I can't really I can't answer it here with what we have left. I gotta finish up right now head on jump into a coaching call right now It's one of our students Perhaps if you want to address that on private chat with me Sam I could answer that with you later on today if you want to message me, but otherwise folks We are gonna finish up. All right, so hey all this collectively inside our trading room private chat me there You certainly know how to access me there, but all it's on YouTube Facebook live Twitter, etc I hope you folks enjoyed this week's edition of trader stock Just every Tuesday morning live on social media But if you wanted to get the full rundown get access to everything myself and and Fausto himself there, too Inside our live trading room just scan that QR code on the top left of the stream Get you access for a week long trial inside our live trading room Get you all the education the chat everything that you need to know in terms of becoming a consistently profitable day trader We look forward to seeing you there, but our next audio broadcast will be at 2 30 Eastern later on today folks All right, we'll talk to you all soon


My son was born February 8th, 2018. He was diagnosed last year with Tralogy for Low and Down syndrome. We were told he had to get open heart surgery. When I'm pushing the waist and they feel heavy, I think about him. The type of kid he's going to be is determined, and I keep on pushing and pushing until I can. Now he's rolling around like he never had surgery. That's why I say I nicknamed him my strength because to me that's what he is. It all started about three years ago. I asked myself, why am I doing this, getting up early in the morning and still looking the same, basically. I started doing my own research. That's when I started seeing results. I saw definition on my legs. I saw abs, which I never had. My goal is to achieve the professional card, basically become a professional bodybuilder. But the main goal is to compete at the Olympia. I trained myself. I didn't have any coach at the time. My first men's physique show was a disaster. I came in last place. I didn't even go back to the night show. I was so embarrassed. This neck is here. It was given to me by my wife. She saw that I was basically down after I came out last place.  And she said, I love you, Yanita. I believe in his goal and I see that he is truly into this. This is like what will make him the happiest, you know? I support him. That's something that set a fire on me and I never looked back. My wife was the one that actually told me, get a trainer, get a trainer. I met Johnny a few years ago. He's very disciplined with the eating. I'm always running behind him with the eating. His workouts are sick. He's not scared of the weights. He's lift heavy. The first show with me came in third place. It's been great ever since. My name is Steph Sojourneres. I'm an Army career counselor. How are you doing today? She hung up. We'll be headed to Vancouver Park today to conduct future soldier training. After they leave to basic training, they come back as a soldier. Let's go. And they come back and thank you. It's one of the best feelings. Bodybuilding and recruiting. How can I compare it? It's always obstacles.  I hope he does get on stage with me too one day. I don't care if I'm 56, I'll get on stage, man.


Supernatural the show continuing to prove that it takes a lot to actually die in it Hey guys, this is my review for episode 7 of Supernatural season 13 We now know what the big bad is at least somewhat, I don't know about the underground things. I have a feeling those weird creatures that Texas guy we're trying to bring back But what really is going on is that Michael in the alternate universe is Going to come and destroy earth at least he that's his that's what he noted to we had an interesting cameo in this episode as well Kevin Tran reappeared in terrible universe. Mind you, Mary wasn't there because Continuing to prove how useless her character's return was in season 12 But either way he is weird. He's just his normal self except all he's got to do is serve Michael now who is an extreme oppressor they figure out how to open up the door back to the real world But Lucifer sneaks through however his grace was used some of his grace was used to open this door and so he's It's basically cast from episode season 9 10 which was the one where he lost his grace.   Apparently her and catch had done a deal convenient and Now he even implies that Ruina might not be dead. We'll see though I'm actually hoping she does come back because I actually did like her character in the end But we find out that Texas demon dude. I can't remember his name right now. I'm in a rush That is running hell. He's got Lucifer in the K in a cage and he's got Cass again Cass has been captured Wow That took two episodes for cast to be in peril and the whole catch story went exactly in what we thought are I don't know because all of a sudden he goes from being shot at and running away from Dean with In Sam with a huge beard and then all of a sudden literally the next scene.  However now that we have a direction of the season. I'm interested in that I actually thought there was a really good fight scene between Sam Dean and some demons and I did enjoy the whole aspect with Cass and Lucifer hanging out. I thought that was actually kind of fun We're starting to see the season slowly start to build. We're seeing events We're seeing outcomes of events that have come previous the angels apparently are coming extinct However, we'll see how this works out because now we have two different things. We have the underground weird not Not Leviathan, but Leviathan things and then we've got Michael from alternate universe who's gonna come and destroy So we've got two big things now. So It's kind of interesting. I like the idea of Continuing the story of what would have happened to the world after The events of season five mainly because we never actually saw the Power of Michael we saw him in moments through the earlier seasons But we never saw him actually do anything physical. So the idea of a bad Michael coming and showing off his power that would be interesting not darkness level. Oh my god, but The next best thing I guess you could say and that would be nice to have an actual Threat to the brothers besides a bunch of British wankers. So I'm interested with least to say anyways guys I'm gonna give this episode a four out of seven. I'm interested to see where this goes But anyways, I've got to go now. So hope you enjoyed this review. I'll see you guys next time


There are many ancient ruins that were not only beyond the capabilities of the claimed creators, but we postulate were simply re-inhabited, allowing the far more primitive and we feel far more recent inhabitants to flourish, developing these sanctuaries, often heavily fortified temples to a point where they were able to leave their own mark upon these locations. An archaeological legacy left after the original creators of said sites were seemingly wiped out, with their own archaeological legacies simply washed away by the seas of our planet. These remnants have allowed academia to simply disregard the feat of engineering such incredibly large sites would have required pinning such efforts to a more suitable candidate. After researching many such sites, backed up by the megalithic accomplishments that they still possess, one will begin to notice a pattern, an illogical and contradictory history for these groups, often invaded by a similarly capable and heavily studied group. The question is, why were a group who were apparently capable of building such a site so easily dominated by another which existed at the same era of history? One would have imagined that if they were indeed the builders of said sites, that they would have also been able to have created substantial defense systems, yet these are invariably absent from nearly all of these sites, with just the weather-resistant megaliths, and indeed the condition of the sites most probably very similar to how they are found today. And Chan Chan is no exception. Believed to have been constructed around 850 AD, based on archaeological finds, subsequently claimed as having been constructed by the Chimu, although this explanation for the enormous site is conveniently absent any explanation as to how this society achieves such incredible feats of ancient engineering. It became the Chimur Empire's capital city, with an estimated population of 40 to 60 thousand people when invaded by the Inca. After the Inca captured the Chimu around 1470 AD, Chan Chan was abandoned and by 1535 AD again became a ruin of history, surviving into modern day and beyond. While no longer a teeming capital city, Chan Chan was still well known for its great riches and was consequently looted by the Spanish treasure hunters. With an indication of the creator's wealth seen in a 16th century list of items looted from a burial tomb, a treasure equivalent to 80,000 pesos of gold was recovered, nearly 5 million US dollars in gold. Incredibly intricate stone-cut engravings rest alongside massive fortified walls, and there is most likely many other tombs in the site, which not only predate this later re-inhabitation, but are probably also filled to the rafters with gold, an expression of these original creator's power, and again contradictory to the Chimu's claim to such a site. Furthermore, Chan Chan is in a particularly arid section of the coastal desert of northern Peru, and due to the lack of rain in this area, the major source of non-salted water was in the form of rivers carrying surface runoff from the Andes. This runoff allowed for the control of land and water through irrigation systems. The city of Chan Chan spanned 20 square kilometers and had a dense urban center of 6 square kilometers. This contained extravagant Ciudadelas, Ciudadelas being the large architectural masterpieces which housed plazas, storerooms, and burial platforms for the royals. Who were the original builders of Chan Chan? Were they, like we postulate, wiped out during a disaster? Did they find the evidence to suggest such highly compelling?