Hello everyone and welcome to my presentation about secure and efficient software masking on superscalar piped land processors. My name is Barbara and this work is joint work by my colleagues and me from Graz University of Technology. So first of all, in the setting of physical side channel attacks, we have a specific device. For example, a credit card, a SIM card, a government ID and this device has a certain asset like a cryptographic key. On the other hand, we have an attacker who has physically access to this device. This means that the attacker can observe certain properties of the device. For example, the attacker might observe the power consumption of a microprocessor which executes cryptographic software. What can the attacker then do with this information? The power consumption of a CPU, for example, depends on two things. First of all, the instructions which are being executed by the CPU and second of all, the data which is involved in these instructions, which might be in the case of an AES implementation, the key, which is processed by the implementation. In order to prevent power analysis attacks, we have to break the dependency between these things and the power consumption. This can be done by applying a counter measure which is called masking. Masking is a secret sharing technique where we split our sensitive value so the value we want to protect into multiple random shares. If the attacker can now observe up to D of these D plus 1 shares, it will not reveal any information about the sensitive value. Here I have one example. This could be the attacker observing the power consumption of a masked AES implementation where we have split our key into three parts, K1, K2 and K3. Then the power consumption at each point in time will only depend on one part of the key, but never on the unshared key itself. So masking is very nice, but it has several problems. One of it is that the assumption of a masked software implementation is that independent computations in the software result in independent leakage. Let me give you an example. We have a microprocessor which executes a certain row of instructions and the assumption here would be that each instruction leads to independent leakage. So that's only cause leakage of the data which is processed by the instructions. This is unfortunately not the case in some microprocessors. How can we fix this? First of all we can add our masked software to the microprocessor itself and we can do that if we know several things about our microarchitecture and we know the leakage behavior of the microarchitecture then we can fine tune our software such that leakage will not be caused during execution. Second, we can also apply a lazy engineering approach. This means if we do not know that much about our microarchitecture we can simply say we use a protection order which is higher than theoretically required except a certain leakage and a certain loss of protection orders and simply apply a masking scheme with higher order than actually required. These are two approaches but what they have in common is that the runtime of masked software and applying each approach is significantly increased. And the second point is that it still requires manual leakage assessments which is done in order to make sure that there is really no exploitable leakage so that our fixes have really prevented the problem. Therefore in our work we want to evaluate the security of masked software on complex processes because manual leakage assessment is not so easy there anymore. For example if you apply lazy engineering or fine tune your masked software you might still get leakage in your manual assessments and you will not be able to find out so easy where this leakage comes from and how to fix it. Therefore we want to focus in our work on the security of masked software in such a complex processor. By complex processor I mean processes with multiple pipeline stages with forwarding logic between the stages which are maybe super scalar and have even data caches. And as already said analysis for these processes can barely be done manually anymore. Therefore we want to stick to a formal approach. In our case study we focus on the RISC-5 Swerve core which is exactly one core you would consider more complex. And we focus on the following questions. First of all which CPU components are the components which will cause problems in the context of masking and how can we deal with these problems. First of all are there things we need to change in our software and which things do we need to change and are there general rules which we can apply to our software to get secure software in the end on such complex cores. And last how can we still design efficient masked software. So these rules of course add a certain overhead to the masked software but is there a way to keep this overhead low. As already said we consider the Swerve core as the target processor platform for our analysis. The Swerve core is an open source RISC-5 core which was designed by Western Digital. The core is applied in I would say data intensive fields of applications for example for storage controllers. It is comparable to an ARM Cortex A15. The core is an in-order core and features a dual issue pipeline. This means that it can not only execute one instruction per clock cycle but two instructions per clock cycle. And it has some load store buffers some of them can be compared to a small data cache. This Swerve core has nine pipeline stages. Here in the figure you can see them. So the first three pipeline stages are responsible for fetching instructions from memory. Then these instructions are decoded and sent to one of the two ALUs for example. And of course there is a certain part which handles forwarding between these pipeline stages such that we can for example forward a result from the sixth pipeline stage back to the input of the ALU. The last two stages are responsible for commit and writeback. Our goal in our analysis is that we investigate the security of mask software when executed on the Swerve core by using formal methods. And when it comes to such an analysis one has to think about the attacker's abilities and we do that by using a certain probing model. The classically probing model which you apply for hardware because CPU is hardware equips the attacker with D-probes so the attacker has D-probes and can distribute these probes as the attacker likes in the hardware circuit. And each probe will deliver the value of a specific gate or wire back to the attacker. This is good because by using the classically probing model for hardware we can capture side effects like glitches, transitions but it is actually not that suitable for mask software because the attacker is too powerful. For example if the attacker places one of its probes to the output of the register file of the CPU the probe will still or will always deliver every value which is ever contained in any register and which is read in an instruction. So this is immediately broken and we cannot really design mask software with that probing model. Yet we decided to stick to the time constraint probing model where the attacker can use the D-probes so this is the same as in the classically probing model to measure a specific gate or wire but only for the duration of one clock cycle. And the attacker which is also important can distribute these probes as the attacker likes into multiple clock cycles or multiple wires and gates. The time constraint probing model is actually applied in previous work in the work about the cocoa verification tool which we will also apply for our analysis. So the cocoa verification tool verifies that a certain piece of mask software when executed with a specific CPU netlist is secure in the time constraint probing model. So you can see it here in the figure the cocoa tour takes as an input the mask software, the CPU netlist and also a certain piece of background information for example the location of the shares when the execution starts so in which register is which share in which memory location is which share and so on and you give that information to the verifier and the verifier will check for each gate in the CPU netlist for each cycle in the execution whether an attacker can measure some information about any native unshared value there. And if the verification is successful the verifier will output yes secure otherwise it will say no it's not secure and it will give us the cycle and the gate which causes the leak in the implementation. The work about cocoa also included a case study of the RISC-5 eBEX core so the eBEX core is a simpler and smaller core but it already contains hardware components which is problematic for example the register file. So the register file can actually be a threat to the security of mask software because there are parts which can cause glitches and transitions and which will lead into leaks. The work also suggested some modifications to do to the hardware so to the eBEX core in order to obtain a secured eBEX core. The secured eBEX core will then allow the execution of mask software without any leaks as long as certain software constraints are followed. So the initial work about the RISC-5 eBEX core suggested first of all fixes which can be applied to hardware to your microprocessor and constraints which has to be met by your software such that you can execute and guarantee that the execution of the software is secure. Now we do not want to consider the eBEX core but the more complex eBEX core and our initial analysis with Coco shows that the swerve has similar problems so one problematic component there is also the register file and we find out that we can simply map the hardware fixes which were suggested in this work to the swerve core to obtain the secured swerve core so to say and the secured swerve core will be the base point for analysis for all our further experiments. So now let's start with the actual former analysis so we have our secured swerve core and now we want to verify something we chose to verify a software which is generated by tornado as a starting point so tornado is a nice tool which will generate mask-c implementations based on unmasked high level descriptions of ciphers and not only that but it will also give you a security proof in the register probing model. The register probing model is a probing model which is often chosen for software so for mask software in which an attacker can place the probe on a specific register for one cycle. In our experiment we generate several masked ketchup s-box implementations with tornado with several I mean we generate four different implementations each implementation refers to one masking order and then we use Coco to verify the execution of this software on the secured swerve core. The result of this verification is that the implementations lose our protection orders because there are certain components in this swerve core which cause first of all big problems so by this we mean that there are components combining more than two shares and smaller problems so there are components which combine up to two shares. Let me give you one example of such a big problem so here we try to visualize the execution of software which contains ten shares and the shares are in the pipeline at the same time due to the masking scheme so the masking itself is correct on algorithmic level. Then we perform a gateleaving timer simulation of the swerve core to visualize whether glitches and transitions on a specific wire in the processor's forwarding logic can lead to any leaks. Of course for this experiment we use a specific cell library so the cell library will map timings and area constraints to each gate which is used in the swerve gate list and this is the result of the analysis so the question was again an attacker who probes a wire in the piper's logic of the swerve core for the duration of one clock cycle so this is important. What can the attacker see? And we've visualized what the attacker could see here in this timing diagram so first of all for example there is the first share then we have a combination of two shares then we see even combinations of up to three shares and the wire switching around before finally stabilizing to the value the wire should have so in the end we found out that the attacker can observe up to five shares when this specific cell library and this concrete timings are used so this would be a big problem. Yeah so we saw this in the processors forwarding logic and then we use Coco to analyze what the exact problem is there so here you see a diagram of the forwarding logic of the swerve core you see here each pipeline stage so here's the decode stage the elu stage and the further execution stages and here we have a multiplexer which will forward the data from the correct pipeline stage to the elu. Yeah the multiplexer has a select signal which is called m1 select and the select signal is computed by combinatorial logic which means that it might glitch and if a glitch happens also the output of the multiplexer will glitch and if you imagine now a software where we have multiple shares of the same secret in each pipeline stage then forward data will kind of forward the result of each share to the elu when m1 select glitches and then we combine multiple shares and this is what we call a big problem now the question is how can we fix that first of all we thought about fixing that in hardware similar to what was suggested in the work about the ebex core but yeah that would involve that we need to gate each pipeline register with a bit indicating whether the value of the register should be forwarded to the elu or not this could be done but the gate bits need to be glitch-free and this is not that easy to achieve and requires in the end a very large latency overhead which is impractical instead we need to find some solution in software basically the software solution or the software constrained as we call it needs to ensure that at no time there are multiple shares of the same native value in the pipeline how can we do that we need to make sure that the distance between two instructions which process shares of the same native value is large enough so that there are enough unrelated instructions between them what do I mean by unrelated instructions well in the basic case this is a knob operation but it can also be an instruction which processes a share from another secret or a elu operation on non-secret data like incrementing the counter of loop we performed further analysis and it turns out that there are a lot of other components which cause leaks in this work core if you're interested you can have a look at the paper I will now only give you one more example which are the management components of the data memory for example there is a component which is called the LSU bus buffer this is similar to a small data cache and there might happen a leak if the buffer contains a store and this if the buffer contains a share sorry and the share is overwritten by its counterpart by performing another loader store instruction so this is really bad and again the hardware solutions turned out to be impractical and we need more software constraints for example for the LSU bus buffer the software constraints would would be to flush the buffer between loading two shares of the same native value okay so this was the results we had for this work core and now we try to derive some generic rules for that so our analysis clearly shows that software constraints are necessary even though we already work with a secured or hardened version of this work core one effective software constraint turned out to be the insertion of unrelated instruction between two instructions and the question is now how many instructions need to be inserted there and this number can actually be expressed in terms of the length of the pipeline of the core and the amount of execution units so here I divide the amount of pipeline stages P into PI and PT PI is the number of stages which deal with fetching the instructions so now no data is involved there and PD is the number of instructions which actually processes data and it turns out that you need PD times e the amount of execution units plus one unrelated instructions between yeah two dangerous instructions and we also tried to formulate a factor for the order reduction so if we want to apply the laser engineering approach how many or how much more orders do I need in my masking scheme to still be secure on such a processor and the factor we computed here is actually the reduction factor of a lazily engineered mask software implementation when executed on such a complex pipeline processor okay so now I have told you that we need a lot of software constraints even on a secured swerve core and if one adapts this rules or constraints strictly you can imagine the overhead is really huge here I have a table which summarizes this so you see a certain set of example programs we have here for example DOM and gate then we compare the number of cycles and the number of instructions required by the software when we implement it without constraints and when we implement it with constraints so by applying the rules strictly so to say if we have constraints I also give you the number of total instructions and the number of knobs so knobs are kind of the unrelated instructions which had to be mapped to two knobs and as you see here for example for the DOM and we need 33 cycles instead of only 10 when we have no constraints or if we look at higher order implementations it's even worse so here we need 33 cycles without constraints but 250 cycles with constraints and considering the number of instructions we almost need 300 instruction instructions and the major amount of those is knobs so unrelated instructions where we cannot really do anything which makes sense or anything useful can we change that yes the answer is yes so if we we apply the right implementation techniques we can reduce this overhead fortunately one of these implementation techniques is to stick to parallel implementations instead of serial implementations let me explain that based on an example assume we have a catcher sbox and the state of this sbox consists of five lanes each lane itself is again shared into D shares in a serial implementation we would take the D shares of three lanes process them and store the output lane then we would again take the D shares of the three lanes process them and store them in the output lane of course there are lots of unrelated instructions which would be needed to separate the processing of the D shares for the same native value in the case of parallel instructions on the parallel implementations on the other hand we use instead of the knobs which we would use in serial implementations computations of shares of other lanes so we kind of mix the computation of the lanes here you can see one example so here we have a serial implementation of a DOM catcher sbox compared to the parallel implementation and if we now compare the overhead which the constraints introduce for a serial implementation we have 80 in cycles compared to 240 but if we do that in a parallel way the overhead is much smaller so we have 36 cycles compared to 81 cycles and also here we have almost a hundred instructions compared to 400 with a lot of the 400 being knobs and here we can really use 7 use 79 out of the 144 instructions are only knobs okay so let's have a look at another technique which is called threshold implementations so threshold implementations is a masking technique which is based on the property of noncomplete component functions so noncomplete means that I can compute each component function in such a masking scheme and I need for the computation or the shares except of one so the computation is independent of at least one of its input shares for the ti catcher sbox this would mean that the linear layer can still be done in sequence for each year but when it comes to the nonlinear layer where we will require multiple shares we will do it in sequence for each component function this means on the other hand that we can ignore smaller problems so small problems are the problems where we combine up to two shares because we have component functions which will only ever compute based on in the first order case two shares and we can therefore ignore this more problems but of course the downside is that we need three shares for first order security however the results were really promising here we have a ti catcher sbox and we see that yeah 66 cycles are required without constraints but with constraints only 72 cycles are required and from the unrelated instructions only 15 are knobs for the scon implementation which we also did we have seventy seven hundred and twenty one cycles compared to almost a thousand and seven hundred cycles here the overhead is mainly due to register splitting and also due to memory overhead because the ask on state is much bigger than the catch up state and therefore we cannot hold or our shares in the register file or the time so we have to load and store the shares and this introduces on the swerve core a lot of overhead because we have to clear the load store buffer so yeah but this actually already leads me to the end of my presentation so we've discussed that architectural side effects of complex abuse can reduce the security of mask software by multiple orders and this is due to problematic components which cause big or small problems so the combination of of more than two or up to two shares and these components are mostly pipelines and memory management components and however we showed that it is still possible to have secure and efficient masking when we carefully consider both hardware and software so thank you all for listening and yeah thank you for your attention


So you've seen what the Leonardo has to offer, but we're not done showcasing high-end apartments in Santa, because the Michelangelo is up next. But before we go there, let me talk a little bit more about this car. Now, this car creates 156 horsepower and reaches a top speed of, I wouldn't say a lightning fast, but 190 kilometers an hour. But it doesn't matter, because it's not about speed with this car, it's about comfort.   You've got analog switches for your aircon. Well, you've got analog switches for your ventilation, because there is no aircon in this car. But it is still a real interesting drive. You feel so connected to the road. You've got a four-speed manual gearbox, no autos in this. And right now, we're driving through Santa on this overcast day, enjoying the breeze and the soundtrack that that eight-cylinder engine creates. But before we end off, I'm going to have to take a right here, and we're going to be taking you right to the Michelangelo Tower. So don't go anywhere, because up next, we're going to be showcasing what a one-bedroom, one-and-a-half bathroom in the Michelangelo Tower looks like. But also, guys, this is a classic car. And I want to know from all of you what houses you think we should showcase if we do classic cars again. Right now, I'm sure you're enjoying the juxtaposition of an ultra-modern home with what a 70s car feels like. And I do like it. I think this is definitely how a lot of people enjoying these high-end homes would live. But what would you pair this car with? What homes would you pair this car with? And what homes should we pair classic cars with going forward? Write in the comments. I'm going to be checking all of your comments out, and you'll never know your pick might be next. For the episode of The Home Shopper Show, my name is Chad, and today I'll be continuing our tour of the most desirable zip code in South Africa, that's the code being Santon. We're in a tower that you all know, the Michelangelo Tower. In a one-bedroom, two-bathroom, or should I say one-and-a-half-bathroom, 4,950,000 apartment in the Michelangelo Tower on the 22nd floor, and look at how big this apartment is. This is absolutely massive.  It's so big, in fact, the owner told me you could easily convert this into a two-bedroom, two-and-a-half-bathroom. Now, let me take you before we go into the lounge and talk about the incredible view of the 22nd floor. Let me show you the kitchen, which is done up really well, and let me show you the bathroom. Yeah, we are all within the kitchen. Now, the first thing I want to mention about the kitchen is all this price point in this kitchen is by far and large bigger than anything else you're going to get, specifically for apartments in towers and apartments of this size.  You've got your Mele appliances, both this side and this side, Mele oven, Mele microwave, Mele coffee maker in-build, which is epic. Then you've got your cooktop right over here, and an extractor that does double slightly as an odd piece with the way it's formed. Now, we've got a sink behind me and another sink around the corner, which doubles as a pantry. Now, that pantry area is where you'll keep your washing machine, tumble dryer or dishwasher. Another really cool feature about this kitchen in particular is it has a built-in water filter, so you'll never need to be spending money on that bottled water. Hunscrew taps both within the kitchen and both bathrooms. Let's go take a look at those bathrooms. As soon as you come through the entrance door, you'll see a bathroom off to the left. There's a soft bathroom there with very nice, artistic sink, your floating toilet, as well as a vanity and a little bit of cupboard space. Now, on our way to the lounge, you'll notice underfloor, natural stone tiles. On my right-hand side is a working area that you can use. It is also a full-on wall unit. All of the cupboards are pushed to open. Above me is a mural that we're going to talk about in the double-leveled ceiling, so it's actually a sunken mural of the sky just above your dining room area, which is awesome. There's another wall in the built-in just behind me on the right-hand side. And here we are within the lounge. I was talking about a second mural. There it is, just behind me. Really cool, super-African touch in this apartment, and I really like the different color it brings to it. The owner has also done something that maybe not a lot of people have done, and that is mounted sound system speakers to the wall. So if you're watching a movie, everybody's going to know about it. But let's talk watching a movie. Sitting down here, you're enjoying whatever's on TV, but I don't think anything beats the view off the 22nd floor. It is absolutely incredible. It's so good, in fact. I can't talk about it just yet. We're going to leave that for last. So let's go take a look at the bedroom. Let's go take a look at the master bathroom, and then we'll wrap around and come back to the wrap-around balcony. So coming through, you find yourself in the master suite, and this is a master suite of epic proportions facing north. You see the most beautiful sunsets, which you are going to see with us. But this master suite, like the rest of the house, has central heating, as well as central cooling. The lighting is all done off of the switches on the walls, and you even have automated blinds. I mean, this is living in luxury. Now behind me, you find yourself within a walk-in closet with plenty of closet space. If you're into fashion, if you're into clothing, this is exactly where you want to be living. But this bathroom that I'm heading to right now is second to none. We have got a jacuzzi bath with a built-in window as well as a panel where you can choose your different settings. You've got a double vanity with a massive mirror, but the vanity just isn't a double vanity. It is a glass double vanity. Then we come to our shower, a rainfall shower head, providing all the water you will ever need. If you're using this kind of shower head, you might be the cause, or my dam's always drying up.  And here we are within the crowning feature of this apartment, the wrap-around balcony. From the master bedroom to the lounge, you've got a balcony to sit back and enjoy. Take a look at this view behind me, the sunset in front of me, the new tallest building in South Africa, and around me, the lowest cent.  And it is quite a long drop from the 22nd floor.   And those amenities are two gyms, two pools, an indoor and an outdoor, a spa. And when you come out of your apartment and go down the list to your lobby, you'll find yourself directly in Sampson City. It's a new way of living and an incredible way of living, if I do say so myself. But from myself, Chad Viveros, from the team at Private Property, thank you so much for joining us on another episode of The Home Shopper Show. And we're going to be seeing you next time. Goodbye.


the equitable life insurance society presents this is your FBI this is your FBI the official broadcast from the files of the federal bureau of investigation transcribed and presented as a public service by the equitable life insurance society of the united states and the equitable society is representative in your community i'd hear from a representative of our sponsor the equitable life insurance society of the united states next week one of the most promising boys in my hometown leaves for college this boy's father died ten years ago but the son is getting the college education because his dad started an equitable education fund a few days after the boy was born and that's one good reason why i like my job as a representative of the equitable life insurance society in approximately 14 minutes i'll be back to give the whole story of an equitable education fund an important contribution to american education made by the equitable life insurance society of the united states tonight fbi file the china town shakedown summer vacations are ending and with the advert of four many people are looking ahead to how they will fare in business in the coming year it is not within the province of the men directing the federal bureau of investigation to predict what the coming months will mean to the economic picture however they are in a position to tell you that the graph kept on the number of major crimes each month is climbing upwards unless something is done this will be another banner year for the army of american criminals but the picture is not entirely dark there is some reason to hope that the decent citizens of this country are becoming aware of the danger to them in the current crime wave throughout the nation there are unofficial citizens committees being formed to further educate the public and if the job is done thoroughly enough this war can be won the ultimate goal of this campaign is for you the citizen to protect yourself as best you can against the ravages of the criminal against the many disguises he wears before he strikes lights file opens in the china town district of a large eastern village a woman has just emerged from a building on one of the streets in this crowded area she sits on a folding chair leans contentedly against a wall and watches and listening to nothing wrong either sites 50 cents at all cost see the opium dance the price of jay's the tiny bitters 50 cents at all yeah mr. medic yeah i'll start getting them it's hot today their feet will start hurting well take on some more suckers let's see what you do with them okay hey all it is 50 cents right to the heart of sanidad see the ancient city with the ancient people hello you come from i haven't seen you what are you doing down here looking for you i hear you're doing pretty good oh i can't complain what's the action i always join here what is it how kind of a chinese juke joint so that's the last one no it's legitimate are you kidding oh the nice steady touch i find feeling is too undependable i mean you're all for me well not if i can pick up a fast park without too much work i think i've got something that comes under that headache that's why i came to see you what is it i need a man to work with me somebody who knows china town knows the people knows how much joe they've got who they're friend you know what i mean yeah i got the guy who is he coming right toward us now he spills for that bus hey addy come here a minute will you is he steam like a thief what do you want any wife this is tom bentham hi buddy how are you tom's got a job for you what kind of a job i need a chinese succulents ready what kind of people you need on it folks with a lot of money and a very kind heart that's right oh hello eddie how's it going oh what's your name what yeah yeah that's right iran talked to her yet good did she go for it i'll be there you met him young yeah i'm mr bentley from the immigration department and here my credentials oh thank you thank you my abortion the department asked me to come here and explain this to you yes i would be pleased if you would will you sit down thank you now uh madam young what i tell you tonight must be kept in strict confidence you see the united states is going to raise the chinese quota that is a wonderful news mr bentley when oh soon soon you see we understand what the victims of that terrible war must be going through and we're making up a list of chinese people who will be allowed to come to this country as permanent residents now i understand that your sister has three boys still in china that is the correct well they can all get on the list i just need their names i would not be breaking law and i did that mr bentley madam young do you imagine that i would come here if this were against the law oh no no then uh you'd like them put on the list well yeah that's fine now they'll be sent for as soon as you pay for that good behavior good they're not understanding well you see the united states wants to make sure that no one will come to this country and and not not work oh they work hard they're good boys yes i'm sure but you see to make sure that the government will not have to support them after they get here whoever recommends people to be put on the list must put up the money for each name yeah you understand how much two two two thousand dollars that is a large amount meet up anyway well after one year if the person still has a job you get the money back oh i see yes do you want to put up the security for them when much you know not later than tomorrow you see chinese people from all over the country will be sending in names as soon as they find out about this list well i will think about it mr bentley please call me tomorrow well at the look left the eye field office hi jim oh hello bell hey what's the matter i'm sore about what this new case we're on oh i haven't had a chance to look at it yet well the crime is impersonation and you over here of a con man named tom bedley oh i don't think so he has a long record as the brains behind a variety of confidence games and now it seems he's got a new way well this bentley goes into the italian section or the greek section any place where there's a minority group not too far removed from the old country he then represents himself to them as being from the department of immigration and threatens to have them deported now bellie tells them the new quota is going to be put into effect and he can arrange to have some of their relatives brought to this country for a fee i suppose that's right the average is about two thousand dollars per victim wow how many people is he taking it i have a dozen that we know of but since betley has a record you might assume we've got a complete description on it yes we have i've already had an alarm sent out on him if you've got a copy of his record handy yeah oh here it is well let's sit down and study this huh yeah maybe we can get some kind of a lead in locating ourselves anybody here tom bentley what an establishment yeah i'm here i like it better at night with customers how's the touch going i'm collecting three thousand tonight no kidding yeah your 25 percent comes to 750 pitch eddie gets the same very tight is this from adam young yeah yeah i saw her last night i just talked about the phone now and close the deal when do you collect oh she said to come to our place at nine tonight and uh when do i collect 930 have any i'll give him his end too okay got any more suckers lined up dozens of them honey if my accidental charm sustains we'll wind up owning china top bill i just got some information on tom bentley he's pulling the swindle again how do you know a man called the police and complained they told him to call us he went for the racket no he met bentley and then he got suspicious and broke off negotiations somebody didn't make another appointment with them before calling us yeah but at least we do know now that he's in action here what section is he working jonathan and he's got a new angle he now tells the victims the money they pay as a deposit with the government that it's returnable at the end of a certain period of time if the immigrant has a job i see so these people aren't doing anything against the law when they give bentley their money i think you'll keep working jonathan jim well this pattern in the past seems to have been that he exhaust the section before he leaves it saw my guess would be yes i've already alerted the police in the jonathan district good how about going down there ourselves well bill i think one of us had to stay here in case something comes in on that alarm okay i'll go down there and check with you as soon as i get anything all right come here honey sit down have a little whiskey hey you call me yeah i wanted you here for the pale bentley's collecting tonight at madame young he had it for three g's three g's where'd you get that figure from bentley he gave you a fast count how do you know i tell her to the bank this afternoon you know how much she takes out of the jug six thousand are you sure i was standing there looking over her shoulder when the guy counted it out twelve five hundred dollar bills he gave her wow an old dame like that he'd take out an extra three thousand cash just to go shopping with but there he is now family yeah i'll buy the door oh yeah go up and getting him bringing back to the office okay i'll see you back there hello mr bentley oh hello eddie arine's back in her office she's waiting for you oh fine baby does business yeah this is right back here yes i know hello bentley well did you bring her money no why not i didn't get paid the old dame said she wanted to wait until tomorrow why i don't know maybe she didn't get the dough from the bank she did get the dough from the bank how do you know go ahead eddie tell him i was there when she got it well she didn't pay me you're alive now wait a minute just pay us off and get out how can i pay if i didn't get it out go in his kick arine i got it let's go take it easy stand still get off of me well it ain't no talk get away what did you do with it thanks and i didn't get paid i can't hold him much longer that was my best place tonight's exciting fbi file in just a moment one short week from today is opening day of the 1949 college football season all america will listen for thrilling plays like this deal gets the ball again he files right into the center of the line two tacklers had anybody still on his feet pulling his way forward for a big game well he stopped him now but it took four men to go big games on the football field aren't the only one scored by college men in almost every other field the college trained man or woman is hard to stop you can prove that in dollars and cents a college graduate is nearly 15 times as likely to make $10,000 a year or over as the non-college man right the odds in favor of a college education are 15 to 1 that's why the equitable life assurance society considers its famous equitable education fund one of its most important services an equitable education fund is a plan for far-sighted parents who want the satisfaction of knowing that their children will receive the higher education that means so much to future success first and foremost an equitable education fund is sure right this fund combines planned regular saving with life insurance if the father dies or becomes permanently disabled this plan makes it certain that his children will still be able to get the education he was ambitious for them to have second advantage an equitable education fund is easy you spread the cost of education over 10 or 15 years instead of taking a beating in four a comparatively small monthly amount builds up into a sum that is ample to see a boy or girl through college remember fathers and mothers the biggest prizes life has to offer will go to college trained men and women put your children in line for a more successful future by starting an equitable education fund now get in touch with your equitable society representative soon or send a postcard care of this station to the equitable society that's e to u i t a b l e the equitable life assurance society of the united states and now back to the fb i file the china town shake down the federal bureau of investigation keeps close check on every field of crime however no close check is kept either on the number of swindles perpetrated or the amount of money that is taken from the numerous victims there is no lack of interest on the part of your fb i in the crime of swindling but adequate statistics are unavailable the victim of a robbery calls the police immediately but the person who is victimized in a swindle more often than not keeps it a personal secret that silence on the part of the victim is part of the equipment of every swindler he counts on it and uses it it allows him to work the same racket in the same territory time and again where a single complaint would result in either publicity about the racket thus warning future potential victims or the capture of the swindler or both in any event there is no guarantee that you will not be the next victim chosen by one or another of the confidence men still running loose if you should be chosen and if you should then find yourself a swindling victim weigh the price of your pride against the satisfaction of the criminal in knowing that you the victim are protecting him do that and you will realize that you have but one course open and that is to call your local police tonight's file continues at the local fbi field office well though we can get ready to close that tom betley file why was he picked up yeah he was found late last night badly beaten up in an alley in chinatown well i was down there at the chinatown precinct when the patrolman called in the report on it oh good i went to the alley where the policemen found him in an ambulance had just arrived he was taken away to a city hospital prison section was he conscious now have you checked with the hospital this morning yeah he's still in a coma i see bill why don't you go over to the hospital see if you can talk to him when and if he comes to him okay where are you going oh i uh found a slip of paper in bentley's pocket with the name madame young scribbled on it in the address 959 green street well that's in the heart of chinatown yeah i know oh uh bill the chinatown precinct said they'd send the rest of the papers that were in bentley's pockets over here as soon as they're finished with them fine i'll be back here as soon as i've seen madame young where you been eddie sleeping you seen the papers nope they found tom bentley he wasn't dead well he looked real dead to me well he ain't and you know something he was telling us the truth last night yeah how do you know i call that madame young again she said she decided to pay the money hey now look you go see her and get the dough uh-huh if she asks about bentley tell her he had to go to washington yeah but what about him what do you mean do we cut him in now now from now on we work the racket ourselves madame young yes i'm a special agent of the fbi here are my credentials yes mr taylor please come in thank you man you all came about my nephew no ma'am i came to ask you whether you've had any dealings of a man named tom bentley mr bentley from emigration yes that's the man although i'm sorry to tell you he's not from the immigration department not from immigration he was to bring my three nephews to this country man was just here for money oh what man man mr bentley saying why you ask all this madame young tom bentley as a squintler he's in city hospital now he's been there since late last night you mean i have lost my money we'll try our best to get it back for you now where did you meet mr bentley well can you tell me where you met him please woman call me she says she was mr bentley secretary she says he from immigration she says he comes see me and you saw him how many times once tonight ago once last night this morning woman called again and then the man came up here just before me to collect the money yes sir all right now that means the swindle is still going on mr cala can you get my money back as i said before madame young will try i'm going right to work on locating the man who took it now and as soon as anything happens i'll call you oh we've still got work to do on that immigration racket yeah madame young told me there was a man there this morning to collect that's 10 hours after bentley's beating i found out that racket was going on myself how we got a fresh complaint in this morning awful man a ming lee they try to work it on him but he got suspicious and call the police and to give you anything that might develop into a lead no his only contact with them was a call he got from a woman who said that she was mr white secretary now that means somebody named white has replaced mentally could be a fake name i don't know when the woman called madam young she used bentley's name to make the appointment oh how about that stuff that was in bentley's pockets that come up yet from the china town precinct yeah just arrived i haven't had a chance to look at it myself let's go over it huh this is everything this wallet and these pieces of paper book of matches and a few bills you want to hand me the wallet i'll check today okay there nothing in the money compartment i'm in this point nothing in here how you doing on the papers oh these two look like they've been torn from the same pad here they do one of them has madam young's name and address on it oh that's the one that i saw last night the other one has halifax 0984 on it 984 that's madam young's phone number oh yeah the one that's not off the pad just has the number 46 on it what do you suppose that means hey let's see that here it could be almost anything yeah bill i just remembered something let's get downtown collecting the dough i've been waiting for y'all day did you think i was pulling a Bentley on you where's the money i got it right here lay it out here's your half six five hundred dollar bills very pretty anything else you want for me no why i got a dame waiting for me at the bar oh okay tell harry to give you the good lecker i already told him what's the matter the dame she's out there who you're talking about the old chinese woman madam young yeah she see i think so what do i do that must be her letter in what letter in come in i haven't been looking for you i want my money lady i don't know what you're talking about i want my six thousand dollar look lady i'd like to be able to help you but i don't know you i never saw you before is you i'm sure eddie yeah i'll take care of her close the door okay oh here is it miss the man madam young yes sir and i think she is lady who called me on telephone that's fine just who are you anyway i'm a special agent of the fb i they're both under arrest the white and iran douglas were sentenced to 10 years in prison for impersonating federal officers tom bentley upon his recovery will face state as well as federal charges one clue that helped to solve tonight's case was special agent taylor remembering that when the body of tom bentley was found in the alley in china town there was no hat found he therefore reasoned that the slip of paper with a number of 46 on it might be a hat check then followed a long tedious search through the china town district for a club that used such slips when iran douglas's club was located special agent taylor inquired about a mr white the hat check girl told him that miss douglas had a friend named white went upon the two agents went and got madame young they brought her to the club to make a positive identification which as you have seen she did madame young's guess that iran douglas was a part of the swindling gang would not have been sufficient evidence upon which to get a conviction but the fbi crime laboratory supplied that evidence when they proved that the sheets of paper that had been torn off the pad which were found in tom bentley's pocket were actually torn off the pad in miss douglas's desk and so once again tireless investigation plus aid from the crime laboratory helped your fbi not only to apprehend these criminals in tonight's case but even more important also help to convict them in just a moment we will tell you about next week's exciting case from the files of your fbi but first let's hear briefly from an equitable society representative on the subject of an equitable education fund i always tell my friends and neighbors that an equitable education fund is like paying for a college education on the installment plan you distribute the cost over a period of 15 years or more instead of taking a beating in four the man whose words you have just heard speaks for six thousand equitable society representatives from coast to coast who are always ready to give you friendly help and counsel if you do not know the name of the equitable man in your community send the postcard care of this station to the equitable life assurance society of the united states next week we will dramatize another case from the files of the federal bureau of investigations an unusual account of crime in midair its subject robbery its title the flying thieves students used in tonight's equitable life assurance societies broadcast are adapted from the files of the federal bureau of investigation however all names used are fictitious and any similarity they're up to the names of persons living or dead is accidental tonight's program was transcribed and the music was composed and conducted by Frederick Steiner the author was jerry d lewis your narrator was william woodson and special agent taylor was played by stacey howell others in the cast were jeff quarry marlowe dweyer jc flippin alan reed and peggy weber this is your fbi is a jerry divine production this is larry keating speaking for the equitable life assurance society of the united states and the equitable society's representative in your community and inviting you to tune in again next week at the same time when the equitable life assurance society will bring you another thrilling story from the files of the federal bureau of investigation the flying thieves on this is your fbi this is a bc the american broadcasting company


Hi there, I'm Sandy Olak and today I'm going to show you what to do when your art goes completely off the rails and goes wrong. You can still make pretty things out of it. I know people wonder if I ever totally screw things up and this video will prove that yes I do. So there were things I learned from this and I thought I'd post this video anyway even though there's some hot messes along the way. I've got a piece of Yupo paper and some inks from Ranger and this is my Copic Air Gun. These may not be available for long so I thought I'd show you that you can use this little guy which normally attaches to a handheld USB type of device that plugs into a USB and it doesn't have as much pressure with that but I can actually use the same setup that I use for my Copic Air Brush. So even if you get the one that's cheaper because the one that comes with the handheld is less expensive. You can't put a Copic marker in it but you can do the blowy thing that I do with my ethereal alcohol inks using it but you can eventually if you decide you want to upgrade and get a compressor you can hook that thing to the compressor and do just fine. So I've got a couple colors on here and I'm just kind of making a mess which is usually where alcohol ink starts just making a mess. And one of the things that I realized in doing this is that there's some colors that I put down at the beginning that actually I call it staining the paper. They don't move very well. You'll see them appear. There's some spots right there in the middle where it just doesn't lift. Sometimes leaving the alcohol on there a little longer will soften the color and it will move a little bit but these were not wanting to move. So there are things that move better on photopaper or other surfaces than they do on Yupo. And I don't know whether it's by color or by brand but just sometimes I run into this where I have like goobery weird spots. So I was trying to put more alcohol on here to see if I could loosen some color. Just kind of push it around a little bit and just nothing was going anywhere. There's those underlying spots that were just not going to cooperate at all and that was kind of a bummer. So know that that happens. It's not you. It's just like this weird thing that sometimes just occasionally happens. So what I decided was to put more color in there. Cover it up and pretend like it wasn't there. So I threw on more ink and more alcohol and this time I'm not going to blow off as much. I'm going to let the color remain a little darker in there and then that will hide the fact that I've got blobbies under there that I was not particularly liking. And all of this was because I wanted to try out something else that I purchased recently and I hadn't had a chance to use it which is the alcohol lifting ink. So I wanted to have enough ink enough color on here that that would show. I didn't want to have anything weak so I've got sort of a streak coming across because I tend to like some white space in my alcohol ink art and that sort of thing. So yeah just moving around and then blowing on it tends to dry it which is why I tend to try to just get it to dry before going to touch it and stuff. But I realized I had this little piece of Nina that I had cut circle from another project sitting here and I thought what's going to happen if I just dip it in there and I'm just going to let it soak it up and see what happens. What does it look like when I turn it over? It's actually kind of cool. You can move it ever so slightly not very much on Nina and I threw in a little alcohol to see if that would soften it and it didn't and I didn't like that one side so I just kind of dragged it through. But again I'm trying to keep some of that air some of the white spaces in there and I thought I'd set that aside and use it for something later on so there will be a card made with it. So now I've got my chrysanthemum stamp from Ellen Hudson and I've got it all set up to use it with the alcohol lift ink and this stuff what you're supposed to do is stamp it and then wipe it off like buff it off and yeah it did not work quite as well as I had hoped. At first you don't see anything it's it looks invisible but what I wanted to do it it said on the instructions on the stamp pad that you can stamp it a second time on another piece. So I got it started stamping on that other piece of UPO so that then I could take a moment before this dried to dab it off so it says to to blot it and then to kind of wipe it off. So I've got it it's it's a tissue that I'm using for this really soft and I'm just using soft pressure maybe I'm not using the right pressure I don't really know maybe this is too busy of a stamp to use but it started kind of appearing you can sort of see it but it's not great it was not impressing me I think if you use the right stamp with it something simpler maybe or maybe more blobby like more solid types of ink behind it you'd be able to see the image more but this one was fascinating because it only had partially stamping done from the the alcohol that was transferred so I set that aside so that I could definitely work on it but I thought I'd see if I could recover this one because this looked like a hot mess and what I decided to do was take an old crappy crappy brush and try to paint back into it and that didn't work all that well I got some weird highlight places and then I tried to add some regular ink to it to add some shadows in there and it was not doing much for me but you know I'm all for experimenting and since I'd already done stuff to this piece of paper then why not continue and see if my next thoughts would make it happen and that's often where I learned things is by beating up a piece of paper until it's done and until I can't learn anything else from it and this one I thought I'm just gonna keep going because it might be that when I die cut it it's gonna look perfect it's gonna just be amazing and it'll be great so why not continue and so I did and I yeah was not really super thrilled here you can see it doesn't look a whole lot like a flower this one however was pretty special because it was really soft and I loved how easy it was to paint into each of the sections and move the alcohol around and the ink around to make it a super soft flower some of it is just the ink that's already there that my brush is moving and sometimes I'm just picking up extra ink to put on it and notice that I'm using the alcohol not very much not a ton of it because the more alcohol you use of course everything could get smooshy and I didn't want to get smooshy owned it retain some detail but I'm I'm using a brush that I don't care much about so that I don't wreck it and just painting around the flower and trying to add some shadows in the inner dark parts the dark places are all in the plate in the spots where the petals dip deep into the center of the flower as well as underneath of those curled edges on the tips because the stamp has little tips around this chrysanthemum that that kind of hang they kind of curl over if you are a floweraholic and you want to learn to color more flowers then I have a perfect opportunity for you in a class that has a good cause to it and that is the flower power class it's over on my teaching site link in the doobly-doo the way that this class works there's five friends who joined me in it and this particular stamp this chrysanthemum is one that Therese Calvert colors the most beautiful ways with Copic markers and colored pencils she is phenomenal and you're not going to want to miss it and that class you can either take for ten dollars by paying for the class outright and the ten dollars goes to world central kitchen to help feed hungry people during the pandemic or you can get it for free by buying one of the stamps that's used in the class and there's you know a whole list of them in the the entry point of the class so you can see that and learn more about which stamps qualify you or you can do a minimum purchase of just anything on Ellen Hudson's teaching site whatever you want to buy and then you can get the class for free or you could just go ahead and pay for the class and go buy stuff why not because you know doing good is a good thing it's good for your heart and you learn how to create beautiful flower cards all right that is enough of the yammering on about the class will stop the commercial and get back to the alcohol ink painting and I'm just adding more of the little petals here and there and decided that I needed to add a little more dark to it so I increased the amount of pigment that I had to draw from and started adding in really dark center and that sort of thing one of the things that happened when I stamped this is that the center didn't stamp at all so I'm just making up the part center in the middle on a flower like this nobody's gonna know if you made it up or not because they're just gonna see it and think boy isn't that pretty so just gonna slowly add a little bit of dark radiating out from the middle so it gets lighter and lighter at the outside edges of the flower and you can just feel the depth starting as I kind of concentrate all that contrast in the middle and then let it get lighter and lighter and lighter around the outside you can manage the amount of darkness lightness by the amount of alcohol you mix with the little puddle of ink and just play around with it until the flower looks like what you want it to look like next up I wanted to soften the outside edges those stamped lines that are on there you can probably barely see them but I could see them and I wanted them to disappear so I was trying to scrub them away a little bit with the alcohol it worked a little bit with the brush just trying to break up that that little line and then once I took a clean Kleenex turned it until I found a clean spot that tended to work a little bit better it lightened it enough that it wasn't going to be too intrusive and did that on the left side as well and then I was ready to do my die cutting of both of these pieces because I had an idea for the card and I wanted to have them both be apples to apples so that I could put them side by side and decide which one I liked better now you could just cut this out and put it as a card front and it would be lovely but me and the die cutting had to happen because this sucker was in trouble the dark flower was in serious doo-doo and it did not make me any happier to have it die cut out that looks terrible but the other white one I decided I'm gonna go ahead and die cut it anyway so I can have cards that are matchy matchy and lined it up as best I could without the lines that I had hereby wiped off the stamped image so I didn't have anything to line it up with but this guy I decided to add more alcohol work to it and just wipe away what I had done already because I'd already ruined the piece of paper right this is a piece of U-bow it's plastic you can beat this thing up until the cows come home just keep going at it you can put a bunch of alcohol and wash it all off completely and start all over again if you wanted but I just wanted to get something more pleasing I just was not pleased with how any of this worked out it looked so terrible so I added more ink and more alcohol and use my airbrush to just blow it around more and I did it on a paper towel because I didn't want the color from the freezer paper to kind of slide back into the die cut shape usually I trim off the outside edges of whatever I'm doing an alcohol piece with and so then it doesn't matter the freezer paper works just great but on something like this I didn't want to end up with a puddle around the outside edge so then I took that same yucky brush and started painting back in a little bit of highlights on a few of the pedals since now I was super familiar with them having tried earlier to fix the the mess that I had made and I kept it much simpler this time because of course I don't have the stamped lines to follow I didn't have a bunch of tiny pedals so I could add just little tiny bits of pedals to give that flavor of having a little something there and then I added a few shadows of the thicker ink to it so that I could get a little more dimension and I have that blobby thing on the right hand side that I kind of didn't mind too much I did end up putting a little bit of the powder over it so that it wouldn't be sticky and there you go there's my cards this first one square card I just popped the the die cut of the flower and then the die cut of the leaves that are in the set with it did the very same thing with the dark flower and I think they actually worked out pretty good the little circle that I had used earlier on in this video that I had just captured some of the ink I ended up adding a die cut butterfly from another Ellen Hudson set and put some stickles in the middle of it and a hello sentiment from another Ellen Hudson die set to make a beautiful little butterfly card out of just scraps and bits of leftover things so don't ever throw away a piece of paper just keep using it until it cries uncle and you get something out of it if nothing else you learn something from it so continue to learn and grow hit the like button if you've got something out of this video and make sure you subscribe if you haven't yet already and I'll see you again another another video very soon bye bye


My name is Alexandra File. I'm currently with the EPA and we're representing Energy Star today. Energy Star is a government-backed program fortified by the EPA and DOE and we work to certify products to be energy efficient. And energy saving, we work with homes, industries, commercial buildings and we work to just make a more energy efficient sustainable future and protect our environment of course. Well energy efficiency is really important because it's one of the simplest ways that people can save energy and also money and especially with sustainability these days I personally believe that helping people if we can convince them that they can save money then we can all work kind of towards a sustainable future and energy efficiency is a really great way to achieve that.


Good morning, everyone. Good morning, everyone. So you're going to see that this is a new thing for the two of us to do. We're going to have a little, I don't know what the right metaphor is, Abbott and Costello or something routine. It's like the Academy Awards. Like that. I'm the straight guy and Dick's going to be the person who makes fun of me. It'll work really well. So I'm really happy to be here on the occasion of the third annual financial stability conference we've co-hosted with the Office of Financial Research. In our previous iterations we've had a conference on interdisciplinary approaches to financial stability and a conference on big data and finance that were just terrific. And the work that we're doing together with OFR really exemplifies the kind of work that we're doing at the Center on Finance, Law and Policy, which we set up now four years ago, and really more broadly at the University of Michigan. We bring together scholars, practitioners, nonprofits, government agencies, in interdisciplinary work trying to focus on solving really hard problems. And I am so thrilled to welcome so many distinguished speakers for the next few days. And I want to just take a moment to thank Dick. Many of you may know that Dick just announced that he is going to be stepping down from the Office of Financial Research at the end of the year. We are just deeply, I think, grateful for his service, for his leadership, for his incredible resilience, for his creativity, and really for the amazing work that he's done establishing the Office of Financial Research from scratch over a very short period of time. So please join me in thanking Dick. You want to say a few words? Sure. Thanks, Michael, for those kind words, and thanks for your appreciation. And I'm really grateful to have the opportunity to participate and co-sponsor this conference. And as Michael said, we're very much aligned in our goals, and we approach things from different perspectives. And that's kind of the point of this whole gathering, that having an interdisciplinary approach is something to me that is really thrilling and just opens up new avenues for the ways that we want to look at solving the problems that we were brought here to solve. So thank you. Thanks very much, Dick. I want to also just say a little bit about the format of what we're going to do over the next few days. We are going to be mostly in this room. So it will become familiar to you for our keynote and panel discussions. We're going to have some snacks on the hallway outside. Lunch is going to be in the Lawyer's Club Lounge, which is the building next to this one. And we'll have students and others who are going to help you navigate the not difficult task of going next door. I want to thank not only Dick, but also Matt Reed, Mark Flood, and Miriam Achtenberg from the Office of Financial Research.  And then there are the people who do all the work. And at OFR it is Matt, Mark, and Miriam. And for me, that is Christy Baer, Jenny Ricard, Tracy Van Dusen, and Laura Lee who have been doing all the work behind the scenes to make this conference happen. Brian Genoa from Michigan Law's IT team is making this live stream available around the world. I want to thank also all the Center on Financial and Policies Research Assistance, Abigail DeHart, Brian Koziara, Isabel Park, Ryan Munkah, and Will Shoof in particular. I want to thank the sponsors of this conference including Omijar Network, the Law School here, and the Ford School of Public Policy. I want to thank our student groups involved in this effort, Michigan FinTech and Wolverine Cryptocurrency Club. I bet you didn't know we had these entities, but we're very thankful they're here. Shout out in the middle. And I also want to thank some generous individual donors who support the Center on Financial and Policy including this conference over the years, Fred Blank, Paul Lee, John Loomis, and Bill Marqueau. So thank you all for joining us. I'm going to turn it back over to Dick for a few words, and then I'm going to introduce our keynote speaker. Okay, thanks, Michael. So like Michael, I want to also thank all the sponsors. I won't go through the same list and list everybody, but, you know, Christy and her team have been amazing, and our folks at OFR work so well together with them to pull this off. So thank you very much. It's really a pleasure to be here. And we're very proud to be here to co-sponsor this, and I hope, as Michael mentioned, after I leave, maybe I can participate by sitting in the audience and join this. Just a word in the OFR for those of you who aren't familiar with it. In 2010, as you know, the Dodd-Frank Act established the Financial Stability Oversight Council and the Office of Financial Research with Complementary Goals. The council is charged with assessing and monitoring threats to financial stability, developing remedies for those threats and restoring market discipline by eliminating or trying to, too big to fail. We at the OFR help promote financial stability by improving the scope, accessibility and quality of financial data, by assessing and monitoring threats to financial stability from a slightly different perspective, and developing risk assessment tools to do that by performing and sponsoring financial stability research and by evaluating policies designed to mitigate threats to financial stability. The financial system is constantly evolving, and so our work must be equally dynamic. Financial technology or fintech can be traced back, of course, to the development of the telegraph. So this is not something that is new in that respect. Obviously between then and the 1980s, most fintech advancements were record keeping and data systems focused on back offices of financial institutions out of sight of the public, and much of that still is going on, and that's where a lot of the innovation is. As internet technology became more available, however, fintech evolved at an accelerating pace. Financial firms digitized their processes and companies began introducing consumer-facing products such as online banking and PayPal, and many people who are engaged in those initiatives are here today, so we're excited about that. Today, fintech continues to disrupt and to evolve, not only in how financial products and services are delivered, but who delivers them and to whom? Innovators and policymakers face challenges and understanding and balancing the benefits of fintech, which are legion, against the potential risks, and that's why we're here today. We strongly believe that the financial regulatory and policy landscape requires an interdisciplinary approach. That's why we built a diverse interdisciplinary team over the past six and a half years, and that's why we think it's so important to bring together all of you to further our understanding of financial technology and to begin to answer the fundamental questions that fintech raises. We have an outstanding group of speakers. We're going to hear more about them a little later. I can't imagine a better group to explore and begin to answer this fundamental threshold question. How do we balance the upside potential benefits of financial technology and innovation against its downside risks? Thanks. Thank you, Dick. I'm especially pleased to see Gillian here. We were a little worried about the flight paths on the way in. I am delighted to be able to introduce to you Gillian Tett, who serves as the U.S. managing editor of the Financial Times. She writes weekly columns for the FT covering a range of economic, financial, political, and social issues. I'm sure many of you are regular readers. I certainly am. Ms. Tett has a long and distinguished career at the FT and is also a prolific author, which is hard to pull off in the job she has. She most recently wrote a book called The Silo Effect, which looks at the global economy and financial system through the lens of cultural anthropology, also not a usual activity for your FT journalists, highlighting the peril of expertise in thinking about the global system. She's also written the New York Times bestseller Fool's Gold, How unrestrained greed corrupted a dream, shattered global markets, and unleashed a catastrophe, also not titles we often have in the law school on papers, and also Saving the Sun, a Wall Street gamble to rescue Japan from its trillion-dollar meltdown. Before joining the FT, it seems not plausible to me, but almost 25 years ago, Gillian received a Ph.D. in social anthropology from Cambridge University based under field work in the former Soviet Union. We are just thrilled and delighted to have Gillian here today to talk to us, and I'm deeply honored to be able to introduce her. Please join me in thanking Gillian for being here.


First thing I want to introduce myself, my name is Michal Koneczny, I'm a mage in the CP team and I'm taking care of the magic land of the release monitoring org. I must apologize for the wizard hat, I usually have it, but right now I have some issues with it, so I apologize. Okay, so here you can see how the world of the release monitoring org looks. I'm usually looking for everything from the highest tower in the castle, part of it is also the island of the new hotness, which is not seen on this image, but yeah, it is there. So you can see it's pretty nice world. And here it's some basic sorcery, so everybody is kind of knows what release monitoring org is. It's actually have two parts. The one part is Anitya. The Anitya is most of the magic realm you actually saw. It is taking care of checking for the new versions of projects. It allows users to add projects they want to add. It sends federal messages where there are new versions. It is more similar to services that are looking for the new versions of projects. But in this case, it allows users to specify their customs projects. They could use their, they could add almost everything that has some project page and there is anything you could, any page you could check for new version. The second part is the island of the new hotness, which is only used in the Fedora itself. It is Fedora messaging consumer that is listening to the messages emitted by Anitya. And if you ever as a packages get notification about the release monitoring client new version, it was created by the new hotness. It also can start a scratch build if you would configure this for your package. Okay, so let's go. So first we will talk about Anitya. This is a realm of magic that is really nice and fun. And as every other wizard mage, I like the numbers. So here we have some statistics from the last vlog. I tried to find everything that I could that could be considered interesting. From the last vlog we had four releases of Anitya. Most of them are only minor version. There is my release on the way right now. We had 117 commits from seven different contributors. Thanks to everyone who helped with it. We had 68 new issues and closed 75, which is nice because we are actually keeping with the base and closing the issues quickly. There are still around 100 issues open on the Anitya right now. The current version is 0.18.0, which is the latest one and there are some issues that need to be addressed, but today will be addressed in the next release. There are a number of projects that are watched by the release monitoring are currently 110,447. We have 17,607 of those projects mapped to Fedora packages, so this is really nice. There are plenty of projects created by some automation that was added that is actually sending to libraries.io, which is trying to catch the PyPy and RubyChamp projects and creating new projects for them automatically. Okay, and now we have new features. What goblins delivered? We have plenty of goblins that are working as you could see in the last slide. There were seven people that were working on this, so pretty nice. And what we add? There is support for multiple version prefixes. If you ever had issues with having the versions that had different prefixes and you could only remove one, which is only removed from the Anitya page, the prefix is still there. We now have support for multiple prefixes, so you could actually remove the prefixes from every version you need. The next one is the checking for new versions, only if there is any change on the URL. We use that if it is modified or the header is something similar, I'm not sure right now, which is asking the page if it was modified from the last time we visited it. If not, we will actually not get the full page and not parse it. Just do this. Hello fetching releases, before we only release the tags and the tags sometimes contain bogus versions or just some things that people wanted to tag and not actual releases. So we added this option to fetch the releases. It's still fetching the tag that is for the release, but it's using the release's GitHub releases page for checking this. We add the calendar and semantic versioning because the versions are not sorted by the order we get it, but they are sorted by the Anitya itself. So now you can choose by RPM versioning, semantic versioning and calendar versioning. All of these are working and there shouldn't be an issue. But there is issue with the projects that are changing the versioning in the lifetime, but this is something that is hard to address and not really solved for some projects. Next one is there is automation for deleting projects that didn't have any versions. And there is error threshold that if they reach this error threshold, which means that we had the checking for the new versions. And if those versions, if we can get those new versions, it means that the page is not available, the projects is actually abandoned and there is no page for it. Or there was some other error and there are 100 errors in row, we delete the projects. But there is one bug that is known that for the GitHub, if there is no new release, it's considered as failed check, which is bad. And because of this, this feature is now disabled on the releasemonitoring.org. It will be introduced again with the next release, which is fixing this issue. I started with this because there was plenty of bogus projects from libraries.io that was created in PyPy, but was only for testing or something like this. There was no version on it. The project didn't even exist for a few minutes, so this was why I introduced this. It deleted plenty of projects that were failure, but some of the people actually found that it is deleting their project that was configured correctly. And it was because of the GitHub issue. Okay, the next one is the one that introduced the issue with the GitHub. We are trying to store and use the latest known version cursor. So if we are checking for the new version, we don't retrieve all the tags that are on the projects. But we are only trying to get the new ones that are newer, which is considered by the cursor, which is on every tag. This cursor is used to only retrieve new tags or new releases after this. So it's actually helping us with the rate limit on the GitHub. But it actually introduced the error with the GitHub failing when it was not receiving any version. Because in the past it was considered as fail when we didn't retrieve any version. It meant that we couldn't contact the project with the issue. But yeah, it's happened. And the last is the timeout option for check services. So we don't get stuck when checking for new. Okay, so right now we are working on the milestone 1.0. Oh, okay, at the GitHub thing. Oh, okay, I will get there for the last thing. Okay, so there is a timeout option for the check service, which is helping with the check service being stuck. We had some issue with this before and I started to actually address this and timeout is helping. Okay, so the current situation. We are working on the 1.0 milestone. We have a few things done. There are a few that are left. What is done is option to archive projects. So if you now have projects that is currently not being maintained upstream or there is some other issue, you could actually take it as archive. If you archive it, it means that it's not editable. It will not be checked for a new version, but it's still in the Fedora inter-release monitoring.org and you still can look at it. So it will not be deleted from Anitya, but it will be, it will not be checked for a new version. This will help with the projects that are currently checked and failing because the upstream is no longer, no longer exist. Or we can actually parse the versions because there is some other issue. I will remove more version at once. If you were administrator of Anitya and somebody wanted to remove some version, they obtained it by error or just tried something. You need to delete them one by one, which is no longer a thing. You could now remove all of them and just do a new check and only the correct ones. The other thing is to separate stable and unstable releases because till now Anitya actually get every version and every version was considered stable. Even if there was a method for the versioning to actually mark the releases as pre-release or unstable. So it will add a new thing to the message that is emitted with the version and there will be two new arrays. One will have the new version, the stable version and one will have the unstable versions. I plan to add this to the new hotness to work with it and actually for those who are interested only in stable versions to have option monitor only stable versions. So you will not be bothered by some alpha, beta or something like this. The next one is to fix for the github issue where there is no new version on the github again, it's considered as error. This is actually pretty bad because it was introduced with the cursor because the cursor is actually marking the tag. And we are only receiving what is at after the tag and if we don't receive anything, we just consider it that we weren't successful to retrieve the versions at all. So yeah, this was an issue and it's currently why we disabled the automatic deletion of projects. What's left for the milestone 1.0 is to report multiple versions at once and remove the message write things and add preview mode which will allow you to try your things, your changes before saving it and just doing the check in the actual database. I hope this will be, this will not be that hard to implement. Okay, next slide. The new hotness, the new hotness is floating island in the realm of magic. It's actually the nice island. It doesn't have to, it not study robust as Anita, but it still does it does what needs to be done. Some, quickly some statistics, there were three new releases, 44 commits from seven different contributors. 10 issues created because most of the issue for the new hotness is actually is actually open it in the anica because it's really smart doing good org and there is not much people that know that there is a new hotness in the back of it. We closed 22, which is nice because we are actually closing the backlog and the current version is zero three 13 zero. Okay. New things. Monitoring status relatively from this kid. So you could know configure intersorts budget federal project.org you for the package if you want to be monitored or not. And the new hotness is taking this directly from pagore. Refactor config to center is a default. This were more a refactoring thing when we wanted to have configuration on one place and not in every script, not every source code and plenty of back fixes. There weren't new that new features because the new hotness is actually pretty simple. Okay. Okay. So current situation. I'm trying to create a milestone wine point zero. Same as for an idea. What is done I add a tone carrier to generate the change looks more easily and automatically. There was one issue when the when loading sources, which was not that which didn't break the new hotness but it was an issue. What's left. What I want to have in wine point zero is to file PR instead of touching page to bugzilla. It will file PR directly against the source repo. This is done by the ogre, which is the library that the packet project is using. Because there is no staging environment right now, I can't work on it anymore because it needs to have access to testing bugzilla and this kid and other things. So it's not that easy to test. I want to have a value locked when error happens during the comparing of sources because it will at least say if the sources are not the same. Or we had some issue that was that could be solved by this if this was in the in the actual lock. Refactoring of sorts using clean architecture design. This is something I want to personally have inside. And the clean architecture should make the new hotness much more maintainable and it's small project to actually work with it. I have a design created for it design document but didn't do any work on actual refactoring. Working with federal messages containing multiple releases. This is the same as I were talking about the stable and unstable releases for the. For the. For the Anita, so it will actually work with more versions at once discovered by Anita and it will not just. It will not just work with the latest. There are some projects that want to want to have. Even the old versions because if there are. If there are streams like four point or four or three point and you got the version three point something. It's actually not emitted by Anita because it is considered old version. Or it's it's it's emitted by Anita if there is no, no newer, no newer version. But the new hotness is skipping this because it's older than to be what he have in in your repositories, which is not good for some projects. And the last thing is handle temporary errors more gracefully right now the new hotness is running in open shift and every time. Every time we had a temporary error, which is a bugsy lies not reachable or something like this, the crash and just started again, which is not really great. And I want to handle it more gracefully and just want to college the message and good and do it do the same again later. Okay, so we are at the end. So I hope you liked the. The presentation and do you have any questions. I don't see anything in chat. Luna. I see that the, yeah, I actually had this talk at the last vlog so I trying to talk about it more. Integration with pocket I will use part of the pocket. But it was only only the ogre library. I have some vision in the future, which I'm not sure if ever be true is making the Anita part of the part of the package of workflow. So if you create a new package in Fedora, you will actually get automatically project in Anita that will take care of fetching for new version. Not about not any equation with packet but could be at least we will create a patch for the for the project and create a PR on the source kit. So I think it will be at least easier for everyone. Okay, the zero zeros at the start are because when I took over it, it was zero point something. And I just, I just did the same for the for the time being and decided decided few months ago to be sure that I should actually create create 1.0. Because I think the project is major enough. I see your time is is full. So, yeah, we don't have much much time. So, thanks everyone for attending. And I will go for another talk that I want to see.


This St. Patrick's Night, it is a distinct honor to present the Prime Minister of the Republic of Ireland, the Honourable Garrett Fitzgerald. Mr. Speaker, Reverend Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen Irish, and if there are any today, non-Irish. I am honored to have been invited as head of the Irish government to join with you in paying tribute to Speaker O'Neill. I am very conscious of the fact that this is an American domestic political occasion. Indeed, earlier today on the Hill, I met someone who asked what's a foreigner doing speaking at that dinner tonight for the Speaker. I was puzzled. The President looks Irish enough to me. The Speaker is Irish, Senator Kennedy is Irish, and it struck me he was referring to Bob Hope. A young man, but I was able to assure my, but seriously, the fact that I've been invited to join with your President and all of you in honoring the Speaker says much about the extraordinary relationship between the United States and Ireland. The ties that bind us go far beyond those that normally exist between two friendly states. There are over 40 million loyal, patriotic Americans, including many of you here tonight, who in addition to your loyalty to the United States, have a particular attachment to and friendship with the country of your forefathers, Ireland. And nobody has demonstrated that affection and friendship for Ireland more than Tip O'Neill. It's in Ireland who heard you speak. In Dublin Castle during your visit in 1979, will ever forget? You, Mr Speaker, thus share fully in the recent historic achievement, within which the objectives and peace and reconciliation might be achieved. No words of mine will ever be sufficient to express to you the gratitude. As a token of our appreciation, I have an announcement. In the 63 years since the foundation of the Irish state, this honor has been granted only to three people. Tonight, it is my great privilege, on the authority of the President of Ireland, to grant Irish citizenship as a token of honor to two people, Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. and his wife, Mildred O'Neill. I've given him millies as well, and you're all witnesses, I gave him millies as well, so if it doesn't get you, you'll know. He's to blame, not me. Thank you very much indeed. It is a singular honor to Speaker O'Neill and my high privilege to introduce to you the President of the United States. Thank you very much. Thank you Reverend Clergy, Mr Prime Minister, Mr Speaker, ladies and gentlemen. I want to begin tonight by saying how touched I am to know that Tip wanted me here this evening. He even called me himself last week and said, Mr President, make sure you don't miss the dinner Tuesday night. But to be honest, I've always known that Tip was behind me. Even it was only at the State of the Union address. As I made each proposal, I could hear Tip whispering to the George Bush, forget it, no way. Fat chance. I think it was inevitable though that there'd be a standoff between us. Imagine one Irishman trying to corner another Irishman in the Oval Office. But despite all this, Tip wanted me here. He said that since it was March 17th, it was only fitting that someone dropped by who actually had known St. Patrick. And that's true, Tip. I did know St. Patrick. In fact, we both changed to the same political party at about the same time. Now it's true that Tip and I have had our political disagreements. Sure, I said some things about Tip and Tip said some things about me, but that's all history. And anyway, you know how it is. I forget. I just follow that old motto, forgive and forget, or is it forget and forgive? Ladies and gentlemen, I think you know Tip and I've been kidding each other for some time now, and I hope you also know how much I hope this continues for many years to come. A little kidding is, after all, a sign of affection, the sort of things that friends do to each other. And Mr. Speaker, I'm grateful you have permitted me in the past and I hope in the future that singular honor, the honor of calling you my friend. I think the fact of our friendship is testimony to the political system that we're part of and the country we live in, a country which permits two not so shy and not so retiring Irishmen to have it out on the issues rather than on each other or their countrymen. But in addition to celebrating a country and a personal friendship, I wanted to come here tonight to join you in saluting Tip O'Neill, to salute him for the years of dedication and devotion to country. Tip's recollections of politics go back, of course, far beyond my own. He's seen some who play the game well and others who do not. He's seen some who love politics and some who came to it only out of a sense of duty. But through it all, Tip has been a vital and forceful part of America's political tradition, a tradition that he has truly enriched. Yet, Tip O'Neill represents far more than just this political tradition. Deep within too is the memory of places like Back Bay and South Boston, the Docks, the Peers, those who came off the ships in Boston Harbor seeking a better land, a better way for their children. And they found that something between or better, they rose above the prejudice and the hardship. Tip would see one of his contemporaries become president. John F. Kennedy would be 68 today had he lived. And Tip can remember those golden hours better than most in this room. And then not too many years later, there was another of immigrant stock who would become Speaker of the House in so short a time, so much leadership. From one city, one place, one people. How fitting that Boston College, a place that became to so many of those new arrivals a symbol of moving upward and onward. How fitting that Boston College, whose towers on the heights have reached a heaven's own blue for so many, should sponsor this salute to Tip O'Neill. Tip, you are a true son of Boston College and our friend. And we salute you. You are also a leader of the nation. And for that, we honor you.  The hope that is America. So you make us proud as well, my friend. You make us proud. Thank you. God bless you. As you will know from the program, I have some formal remarks to make later. But at this time, I would like to thank the President of the United States. This is a great country. I have traveled the nations of the world. And you see on one end of the hall the leadership and the other end of the hall the minority and they don't even speak to each other. It's just understandable in a democracy like our country that the President and I oftentimes don't see eye to eye. We have our little squabbles. But when he calls me at night, he says, is it six o'clock? Can we talk friendly? Sure, absolutely. So we swap an Irish story or two. Mr. President, you know, we have different in philosophy. But I want to tell you how much I admire your ability, your talent, the way you handle the American people, the love that the American people have for you, and your leadership, even though I have opposed to it. I have opposed it when I thought it was wrong with the philosophy that I believe in. I think truly that you did a magnificent job with regards to the Philippines. I think you did a marvelous job with regards to Haiti. Let me say this, Mr. President, your charm, your humor, your wit. Sometimes when I get up in the morning, I said, don't let it get you all, boy.  Thank you for being here.