Okay, if we could take our seats for one last time. Once again, the ushers are going down the aisles if you have questions. And I think we're ready to go. Who would like to start on the panel? Dr. Haifle? Yes, I was intrigued by your observation, and I think you said it was supported by Dr. Selko, that if we all lived long enough, we would probably or possibly all acquire Alzheimer's disease. Well, by the same line of reasoning, if we lived long enough, we also would acquire cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. And the good news is that by having Alzheimer's disease, you wouldn't know it. I think the authority that I mentioned in that case was Ron Peterson at the Mayo. I actually think Dennis would have a different view of that. I think the point I was trying to make was building on the point that Jay was making in response to his questions to Cynthia. Language is important, and whether we label something a disease or not has tremendous ramifications as to how you approach it. So I am just trying to ask us to keep an open mind about what I can engage in is the continuum of brain aging and the challenges of labeling parts of that continuum. So that was just a reflection on what you said. Not an answer to your question, but continue the dialogue with Dennis. I think he has a comment, too. Sure. Dr. Selco. Thank you. Well, as an aside, I personally don't think that everyone would develop the condition we call Alzheimer's if they lived long enough. So that would be my position. But some feel differently. I think what Peter did so beautifully is what apparently from my experience at the Nobel conference, it's an end of one you love to do around here, which is to make people think. And he clearly made me think, and he made a number of points, great many points in a short time, that are provocative and many of which I would agree with. One of the things we academics do is to do what everyone in the population does and that is create some controversies or some arguments come to loggerheads. And humans love to do that. We love to do sports, we love to compete, and academics no less and perhaps more than others. But I want the general audience to recognize that while there are competing ideas about how to both think of the term Alzheimer's and the entity and how to treat it and solve it, there's enough brain power and person power to do all of this. Probably there aren't quite enough dollars and we do compete over dollars on occasion, that is all of us. But my point is this, that the emphasis that Peter put on the importance of the humanistic impulse in us all to help our fellow man and woman with Alzheimer's disease is enormously important. And people like myself who are steeped in the biology recognize, even though we sometimes don't come across as recognizing, that it is hard and long-winded for us to develop and offer true treatments and cures. What drives us on in the biological model while our colleagues emphasize humanistic and social and emotional and spiritual ways of handling the problem are facts such as the notion that the most common cause of dementia at the Boston City Hospital in 1900 was not Alzheimer's disease, it was not even hardening of the arteries in the true sense, that is, multiple small strokes, but it was neurocyphalus. And many people had and died of neurocyphalus. We hardly ever, if ever in our careers, see a case of dementia due to that. And that gives me hope as a biologist because we know the folks who are behind getting rid of neurocyphalus, the folks who invented and developed antibiotics. So my point is this, that there very much is room, even though sometimes in academic circles we love to put the gloves on, that there's room for multiple approaches at once and happily they are going on at once. Those of us who are convinced that biological treatments, indeed, as Peter pointed out, small molecular structures, pills, very often made in our capitalistic society in the non-profit sector, we believe that the examples of neurocyphalus and an even atherosclerotic dementia which has gone down over time because of treatment with statin drugs and anti-hypertensives, this model is worth pursuing. But it is by no means the only model and we biologists need all the help we can get. Peter? Dennis, I think syphilis is a good example, although it is an example where the etiology is a specific agent. And I think when you come across age-related diseases you run into these complexities of the fact that you're dealing with an organism at a different stage of life and where the overlap and pathology makes the challenge all the greater. We need to take the challenge up at a number at different levels including biological. I think the point I was trying to make too is that this is not just a scientific issue. How we address age-related cognitive challenges, how we think about this is not just a job for the scientists.  You need to think about how we label illnesses in our society. I just give the example, since you gave an example, homosexuality. That's a label that we've changed our attitude about psychiatrists used to try to cure homosexuality and now our attitudes are quite different. So you're part of this process, not just the scientists and the doctors. Laura? You're a paradigm buster, I guess, and really are shaking up my view of how I thought about aging and cognitive aging and disease. And it reminded me of a couple that I met years ago when I had done a neuropsychological workup on a husband and then met with him and his wife. And it was clear to me that this man was demented and I was giving them feedback about the test and largely talking to the wife. And she... This was a couple that was very poor, not a lot of education, and she listened to me for a minute and then she got quite angry that I was insulting her husband. And she said, you know, he's worked hard all of his life and if he doesn't want to think anymore, I'm going to take care of him.  And I'm listening to this talk and I was thinking of her again and how much emphasis we put on cognitive functioning and the society in which we live. But then it leads me to, what do we do? I'm really interested and intrigued by the argument, but does it mean we shouldn't try to find a cure? And if you're going to try to find a cure then you have to say what something is and delineate it and operationalize it, so I mean, what's... In your mind, what's the... How do these things get resolved? It's a matter of priorities and approaches. I mean, I think there's a biology, you can imagine and affecting the biology regardless of what we call it. But to have coded Alzheimer's disease clearly has attracted more money and attention and to offer the opportunity for cures, creates hopes and expectations. When I was on the National Alzheimer's Advisory Panel, it was always very easy to attend to the needs of biology because many people don't understand biology and these group of experts would say, sure, half a billion dollars more for research, we never got quite... for research, we never got that much more. But then when it came to kind of improving care and the healthcare system and if you had a billion dollars, which in healthcare is not even that much amount of money, what do you do with that? So I think it does convert to where we spend our dollars, how much money we put into different approaches and frankly in my own view and I'm a geriatrician, I'm a gerontologist, I'm a person who's growing older, I think we run the risk in this society and I'm going to get lynched or thrown off the stage of putting too much resources into older folks and the fact that we are not vaccinating kids and not educating kids and we should attend to everybody in society but there's a big picture out here. Yes, one quick question I really enjoyed the presentation and insightful as always. I want to take off on one very small point that you made in your presentation and I'm just curious, what do you think of scientists who transform themselves into entrepreneurs in order to sell interventions to the public to treat diseases associated with aging or aging itself? I celebrate entrepreneurial behavior. I think that's, you know, one never wants to speak against somebody with what they want to take and help people. I do think that we need to know when people have those kinds of relationships. In the 20 years that I have 25 years I've been in my career we went from you were suspect if you had a relationship with a company to you're kind of not part of the group if you don't have your own company and I look to Dennis as a role model for me in the sense that he did develop his own company and I share this with that and I respect for him for that and if we get a vaccine for Alzheimer's disease out of this Dennis will deserve an enormous amount of credit and in our society will deserve the financial awards that he reaps and I have no problem with that I think the problem and you see it in the anti-aging medicine when the science isn't there and the entrepreneurial behavior is not associated with the closure about relationships and Dennis did exactly that then I am concerned I think that the money in our society in general and I won't share my political persuasions and particularly money in medicine is a really a big problem for us as a profession as I mentioned in terms of conflict of interest the pharmaceutical companies would have you believe that there is a magic bullet for everything and I think we are learning that we don't I just wrote an editorial on the fact that we don't hear about negative studies we only hear about the positive studies that the data is suppressed the language is manipulated so I think our multinational pharmaceutical companies have some work to do to regain our trust Dr. Salko again I do concur with what Peter said and the problem with the biopharmaceutical industry is that they don't always follow the kinds of logic and the kinds of goals that would be most useful for the population and for our patients they follow the bottom line and that's for better or worse the way that our capitalistic system is made up where they are enormously useful if we are on the watch to control their impulses, our impulses because a great many people are investors and are involved in private enterprise for drug discovery they are enormously useful for things that academia will simply not do the alternative to biopharmaceutical companies would be to have more of a national or international institute that would have its concrete responsibility for developing treatments of various sorts of vaccines, medications etc that largely hasn't arisen because the national institutes and our academic institutions are for generating new knowledge the process of making a drug or making a vaccine is partly new knowledge but partly a repetitive process that requires a great deal of iteration and so we need to struggle with how do we get that part of the work done and the way our society has currently solved it is by allowing that in the iterative process of trying to find drugs it's not necessarily the best way to go and I firmly believe that we have to keep controls on that process we can't just let it run by itself and the whole movement to disclose conflicts of interest is a great one it certainly wasn't one when you and I were young neurologists it's become more and more common there are many fora many journals that still don't require it indeed they should there's a question from the audience here you obviously feel that patients with Alzheimer's disease benefit from staying involved in the community is there any data that suggests that this process slows down the development of the disease one of the just build on the comment that we were talking about the pharmaceutical industry there's a lot of money to do studies on pills it's not hard to get a it's really hard to do studies of complex social interventions we hope to do that in the intergenerational school with some of our programs and there is some evidence and Laura might be able to comment more for example Linda Freed who's the head of geriatrics at Hopkins has evidence that volunteering in school helps the physical and cognitive health of older adults but those are not folks that have any memory problems so I would say there is no evidence based health information about that however I would say this also if somebody is actively engaged in the community and if they're doing things that are meaningful to them the chances that they would actually get the label of Alzheimer's disease are probably pretty small so if you want to convince your doctor that you don't have Alzheimer's disease go out there and be functional and be active in the community it's kind of a silly answer to the question but there isn't to be serious a randomized control study that would suggest that this actually helps prevent Alzheimer's disease there's another kind of practical question as a medical caregiver experienced many people being left alone in nursing homes the patient gets no visitors because they can't understand if we visit or not they get abandoned how can we address this I think the first thing I would say is to underestimate that they know of your presence even if they don't seem to recognize you try seeing them a song try playing a piece of music try touch try aroma therapy there's actually some evidence based medicine on aroma therapy that's come out recently so you could be in relationship with people just verbally so try those things but clearly there is a point at which somebody is at a point where they're gone beyond but I'll tell you I sure wouldn't want to make a misjudgment about when that point had occurred keep up that relationship as best you can can I quickly add something to that there is some evidence that even moderately demented people can recognize the emotional faces of others so they may not understand the verbal content but it looks like people can see if someone's angry or sad and I think it's really important to remember that because when somebody doesn't appear to understand you it's easy to then start to look a certain way and it appears that people may well understand and just to elaborate on that the worst thing you hear for people even with mild dementia and Dennis has heard this story as well the doctor from the word go ignores the person with the Alzheimer's disease the doctor mistreats their own patient, addresses all their comments to the caregiver and doesn't recognize the presence of somebody with a label Alzheimer's disease so this issue of distorting relationships can occur very early on even with the person that is responsible for that healing relationship one last question here knowing what you know about aging what is the essence of any of you consciously changed anything in your life based on that knowledge who wants to fess up here well I'll just say quickly I already got my chance my wife and I started I have a buck can I pass it whoever wants to answer against the buck look I think it's what your mother said healthy diet mental and physical exercise clearly my wife and I got involved in the school because we felt that was something that would give us a sense of purpose and who knows maybe it will contribute in a small way so I try to listen to what the experts like my mother say good advice for all of us one comment that is that I often tell folks who come in who have what some of us call Alzheimer's that is they are very concerned that they either have or about to develop Alzheimer's disease and they're often the children of Alzheimer victims so there's good reason for justification for it but often when they're tested carefully there's no objective evidence that they have Alzheimer's or even mild cognitive impairment so I usually tell them if you're worried that your memory is slipping and you just can't keep things going the way you used to just take away about 5% of your memory the course of the day or even 2% to slow down a little bit and when they come back to me some of them tell me 4, 5, 6 months later that seemed to work I don't feel as nervous that I'm developing Alzheimer's the one person I've met who never pays attention to that message is me Jay? Actually I think that question that was asked is a very fair question I mean here we are researchers in the field of aging and somebody wants to know what are you doing or what are you doing any differently than anyone else and actually I think we need to be answering those kinds of questions and I'll tell you my answer I do not take any vitamins I do not take any minerals I know there are plenty of people who pop pills like crazy I don't do any of those things I'll be honest with you I actually didn't personally know how I felt about aging until after I wrote it down in our book and then I discovered the importance of the randomness to the aging process something I really wasn't quite aware of before but once I recognized the randomness to the aging process I suddenly realized how long I lived as much as I would like to live long enough to see my grandchildren contribute to their reproductive success by sending them checks as much as I would like to do that what I realized is that how long I live is not all that important and what's really important is how healthy I am and how good I feel during the time that I'm alive so I do spend a lot of time exercising because it feels good I'm very careful not to overwork my joints a little bit older than my wife but I don't take any vitamins and minerals and I really just exercise and have a diet based on moderation and it's as simple as that Where's that dollar? You get the dollar Well I think the fact that none of us have come up with some kind of formula or lifestyle change or intake of some kind of drug or vitamin the fact that we have none of us have suggested that we're doing that is an answer to your question and that is that and I hope I'm not I hope I'm speaking for everybody here I hope I'll be corrected if I'm not and that is that we we simply don't know of any intervention that will slow, stop and certainly not reverse the aging process but what we do know is that there are many things that you can do and Dr. Olszanski mentioned exercise and diet many things that we can do to delay, postpone or prevent pathology or disease and that's the distinction Can I make one more point? Dr. Olszanski, go ahead Actually I was just reminded of one extremely important point that Dr. Hayflick just reminded me of if Cynthia is right and there's a gene or a gatekeeper gene or a couple of genes I think we're in trouble and the reason is is that we would then have to identify that gene and modify it and in all likelihood if we attempt to modify a single gatekeeper gene that's going to have some cascading effect on something that we call longevity in all likelihood it's going to have an effect on something else that perhaps we may not like the good news is believe it or not I think what many of us have been trying to say and that is that aging is not programmed and in the absence of an aging program interventions that influence the manifestations of aging work that's why we can increase muscle mass at the age of 100 through exercise can help at any age because aging isn't programmed we can intervene at any age to improve quality of life and I think that is the important point to be made Ladies and gentlemen one of the emails I got this summer this was from the people from California who were apologizing for not being able to attend here today said the reason they like to come here their favorite thing is that they like to think that they were sitting in an eavesdropping on intelligent conversation and I think they're absolutely right when we put this conference together what we hope to do is to give the general public an idea of what the field of gerontology is like who's in it how they think and what they do it's a very broad and very field I think you've discovered that I'm always agree either but I think they did a marvelous job of telling us about it


Dog keeps poking mom's chest, doctor sees scan and realizes mistake. When her dog had nudged her like that, she knew something was very wrong. Something inside her. Something waiting to reveal itself. As the doctor casually looked her over she shuddered as another wave of nausea gripped her, and he didn't even notice. She was hiding behind a wall of pain, a dull ache that had become an insistent ball of agony. It was 2009 when Claire Guest saw the first sign. Her dog, Daisy, had been acting strangely for a while now refusing to follow commands and acting as though she was afraid of her. It was very unusual but, like most of us, she shrugged the warning signs away, thinking that perhaps she was just imagining things. She wouldn't be that lucky. She didn't know it, but Claire Guest was experiencing the first signs. She had been feeling exhausted lately, and her dog, Daisy, had been acting strangely for a while now refusing to follow commands and acting as though she was afraid of her. It was very unusual but, like most of us, she shrugged the warning signs away, thinking that perhaps she was just imagining things. She wouldn't be that lucky. It wasn't long before Claire conceded to herself that this may be more than just a bout of fatigue. So, she finally set up an appointment with local GP. She outlined the symptoms she had been experiencing over the past few months the headaches, the constant exhaustion, nausea, and loss of appetite. She told the doctor that she was worried that this was more serious because it was only getting worse, not better. Pushed for time and having seen similar cases before, the doctor dismissed her worry with a quick diagnosis even though he did no tests to confirm anything. Claire, not wanting to insult him, accepted his answer. She grasped the script he had scribbled down on his pad in her hands as another wave of nausea hit her. Claire tried to remember what the doctor had said as she filled her prescription for antibiotics and painkillers at the pharmacy he thought that she just had the flu. He said she should get some rest. But this exhaustion and pain felt, different. She wanted to believe, but deep inside she knew that it was a lie. After taking a couple of days off for bed rest she had to get back to work. The pain medication was helping with some of the symptoms. The sharp shooting pain in her chest was more of a dull throb now, but even medicine couldn't hide the fact that the pills were masking something serious. It was only when Daisy, her Labrador Retriever, did something strange that Claire knew she couldn't trust that doctor. Daisy had been adopted by Claire when she was just a puppy. I visited lots of places, but eventually drove to a farmhouse where a rust-colored Labrador puppy called Daisy was sleeping by the stove with her mum. When she woke up she gazed at me with her big brown eyes and seemed like a thoughtful, gentle dog, I knew she was the one, Claire recalls. Daisy never wanted to leave Claire's side, so when she started acting weirdly around her she couldn't help but think that something was wrong. Daisy was now 5 years old, and Claire began to notice a drastic change in her dog's behavior. The well-trained dog began to grow more and more unresponsive. She began to refuse to follow commands and even began acting as though she was wary of her owner. Claire, a trained animal behaviorist, began to worry. Was Daisy unwell? Claire was shaken by Daisy's behavior, the sudden change was so unlike her. She was not known to become frightened easily, even taking thunderstorms that most other dogs would cower from in her stride. It was clear that the dog had sensed something inside her owner that had deeply unnerved her, but Claire wasn't ready to listen yet. Claire's symptoms became progressively worse, and she began to deteriorate in front of her family's eyes, but she remained determined to get to the bottom of her illness. She tried natural remedies, herbal concoctions, spoke to apparent experts in online chats, but nothing helped. And no one could give her an answer. Maybe it was all in her head? One day, Claire drove Daisy and her two other dogs to the park. But instead of running off with the others, Daisy wouldn't budge. Then, Daisy walked right up to her and did something she had never done before. She anxiously nudged Claire's chest with her nose. What's wrong, Daisy? Claire whispered, looking into her solemn brown eyes. But Claire didn't click until much later. Claire eventually managed to corral Daisy out of the car and out for a walk with the others. But as the dogs raced off, she noticed something. Her chest felt slightly painful as if she had an old bruise. She assumed that Daisy had nudged her too hard and had left her skin feeling tender. But later that evening, she felt it. That evening as I took off my bra, I noticed a small lump under the skin, Claire recalls. And she made a decision. She wasn't going to continue hiding from the fact that something clearly was not right with her health. She decided to get a second opinion and booked an appointment with another GP. She trusted her dog's reaction more than a rushed doctor. And she was right to. After a careful examination, Claire was referred to a specialist. The lump turned out to be a harmless cyst which can be painful, but are not usually serious and tend to clear up on their own. The doctor also decided to order a core biopsy, which checks the deeper breast tissue, just as a precaution. It took a few weeks for Claire to get her results from the biopsy back. And then the phone call came that rocked her world. The doctor told her that she needed to come in urgently. I had a small tumor in my breast and would need surgery immediately. Claire said, her voice choking up, the first thing that came into my head was the anxious look Daisy had given me when she was bumping her nose into my chest. Because it was so deep, the tumor would have been huge by the time it was big enough to feel. But since it had been caught early, the chances of Claire surviving the next five years were high. I suddenly felt guilty for thinking, Daisy, was misbehaving and realized that her warning had saved my life. Even though I was involved in cancer research, I didn't realize what Daisy was trying to tell me. Claire had been working with Daisy and other dogs in a clinical trial that was training her to detect cancer in humans. After her first-hand experience, her belief in the work she was doing only spurred her on. It was an ironic twist of fate that her own dog had alerted her to her hidden illness. Now, she knew that she had to do more. Claire had a lumpectomy and a few lymph nodes removed. Thankfully, the tests indicated that the cancer hadn't spread anywhere else in her body. She had a course of radiotherapy, but didn't need chemotherapy. She's in remission and has since co-founded Medical Detection Dogs, a charitable foundation that trains dogs to detect illnesses in humans. Studies have confirmed that dogs can effectively detect cancerous cells in a human body. Cancerous cells release different metabolic waste products to healthy cells. A dog's sense of smell is so powerful that they can detect these cancerous cells, even in the very early stages of cancer. Studies show that dogs can be trained to detect cancer in 93% of cases. Currently, Claire and her team are also looking into early coronavirus detection.


things that might happen to your favorite TV shows because of the writer strike. Don't be shocked if writing feels a little off on the next seasons of Andorra, Rings of Power, or House of the Dragon. These shows are still filming even without on-set writers for rewrites and problem-solving. Last strike when this happened, some actors did rewrites on TV and film scripts, and let's just say the results were weird. And by weird I mean bad. Okay, so the last strike happened while most shows were still being written, resulting in shortened and frankly kind of weird seasons, and of course by weird I mean bad. Don't be surprised if there are fewer episodes of Yellow Jackets, Cobra Kai, Abbott Elementary, or Big Mouth next season, since writers had already started working on those shows when the strike started. Amidst the 2007 strike, a celebrity version of a certain failing reality show surprisingly became a hit, leading many to get reacquainted with this guy. So yeah, I expect weird reality shows along with weird consequences, and by weird of course I mean unexpected.


Hi, my name is Leon road currency trader and trading coach at trading 180 comma welcome to this week's applying demand forex technical analysis If you're new welcome, and if you're returning welcome back, I just want to say that the the forex pairs are time stamped in the description box below also with a company that charts and We'll get into the fundamentals and sentiment before we get into the technicals So this week ahead trading economics We got the final estimate of US fourth quarter GDP growth Which will keenly be watched alongside the foreign trade personal income and outlays housing data and current account like pretty say obviously GDP is Definitely important Elsewhere important releases include UK final fourth quarter GDP growth Germany consumer and business morale inflation retail trade and unemployment I think when it comes to Britain and and Europe I don't think the data is really going to be watched so much It's going to be all pretty much sentiment based and based on Brexit Is there going to be an extension or is they're going to you know to to article 50 or You know what's going to happen with the parliamentary vote next week as well So I think that's pretty much what's on the cards Data-dependent I doubt that data is really going to move the markets We've got Japanese industrial output retail sales in jobless rates and China NBS PMI so I think out of these the main ones are going to be the GDP growth for the US and Really just the Brexit sentiment and seeing what happens and if you want to understand about Fundamentals and risk sentiment have a a course fundamental analysis course the link is in the description box below takes you to this page and Basically, I go over why a fundamental analysis GDP interest rates inflation will also give you a fundamental analysis spreadsheet where I give my fundamental bias on the pairs that I'm buying or Selling this does not include risk sentiment So for example this week I took a trade I bought the Japanese yen because there was risk off sentiment regarding you know again Brexit and In Europe just because I'm bearish here from a fundamental perspective doesn't mean I won't buy the Japanese yen if there is risk off Coming into the market and that's all explained in the course so getting on to the technicals now We start off on the Dow Jones dollar index and Dow Jones dollar index this week or say last week we had The FOMC minutes the Fed was quite dovish which did Cause a bit of I suppose downward pressure you can call it downward pressure on the Dow on the dollar and the Dow Jones dollar index is just a measure of dollar strength against the Euro yen and British Pound and I think the Australian dollar as well and What we had this week was pretty much this waited for the news To come out. I think that was Wednesday 20th of March and then Immediately kind of went back up and then really kind of just went sideways From really the beginning of the week when you think about it. So we were at 12 1 9 5 and it ended the week 12 1 9 0 so Had it up and down movement fed is dovish on holding interest rates When it comes to you know hiking taking hikes off the table anyway, so they're not looking to hike Probably any time this year. Whereas previously. They said that they would be hiking. I think it was twice anyway But that was coming if you understand interest rates and inflation in the GDP cycle You know, I was saying to you know the traders that I mentor that that's pretty much what was gonna happen So Wasn't really a surprise I think a lot of people ended up getting short and end up getting caught in their positions though because even though the the Fed is dovish when you think about the risk sentiment and the dollar is still the Really the currency to buy when it you know when you compare it from a GDP and interest rate Perspective and inflation perspective is still the best currency to buy so even though you get you know sell-offs In the dollar just look at that as buying opportunities, which is basically what you know, I did this week on The euro dollar as well end up getting a nicer buying opportunity. I'm still in that trade, but I'll go over that later. So Dollar basically weakness then bit of strength and now we're back to where we are. So what are we looking at for this week? Probably depends on obviously your bias, but if you're looking at Selling the dollar then you're waiting for obviously trade price to come up into any of you know, these These supply zones if you're looking to buy the dollar I think we've spiked through that Sorry, excuse me we've gone through that that that trend line support and I don't think it's necessarily more I would probably say we've touched this level Once twice is okay So if prices do come back down to here probably the lower end then look for obviously some some Buying to come in and then that will add to the confluence of buying the dollar as this is the Dow Jones dollar index So it's looking for confluence really when we take any dollar Trades, so if it starts to sell off when it comes up to supply and you can pretty much look to sell on the dollar Yeah, no dollar Swiss dollar CAD, etc. And if we're looking down here, obviously looking to buy looking for any bullish price action To add to the confluence obviously the better level would be down here But for now, I probably think that the dollars probably Depends on what happens with GDP obviously, but if GDP comes out as expected then again The dollar is still the number one currency in my opinion To buy even if price doesn't necessarily reflect that in the short term, right? So if you get a sell-off doesn't really matter for me. I'll still be a buyer And again, it the dead just depends on obviously some data and obviously sentiment as well Euro sentiment and pound sentiment. So now moving on to the Dollar yen and The dollar yen this week again risk off sentiment came in so we came pushed back up to the supply zone risk off sentiment The yen is a beneficiary of risk off sentiment and then we have obviously prices fall away So if you go to the charts You'll be able to see obviously what's happened And let's see if we can clean up the chart a little bit so that can come off that can come off and That's gonna be Supply zone use that as supply You're gonna take off this horizontal support as well So what you're looking for if you're looking to get short on this currency pair You're waiting for a pullback if you're looking to get long matter of facts now Maybe a decent time, but you'd have to put your weight for risk on to come back into the market Right, so you may get a lower time frame trades if you zoom down into the you know The four hour which is my time frame if you go down even lower to maybe the one hour two hour 30 minute depending on what time frame you do trade. This is where we look for trades Personally, I'm not too keen on this currency pair simply because of risk off at the moment and the lead up to Brexit, but if you are looking to sell this currency pair need when price to kind of pull back into this level and then Sell there if you do continue to get risk off come into the market, then he's gonna be the next area is potentially to buy Once risk Price come here and then maybe some risk off sentiment But if we do get any surprises and shocks with Brexit Then you can probably expect the the yen to rally Moving on to the dollar Swiss and the dollar Swiss again The Swiss being a safe haven currency We get obviously some some a bearish price action against the the dollar I'm bullish on this on this currency pair But not just yet need for risk to come back on before I look for any type of buy trades Let's look at the price chart and see What's on offer? So we can delete probably This demand zone here Probably expect prices to you know come down a bit more risk off sentiment being in the market this week Of course you could take a cheeky little trade if you wanted to it's at a decent level And see what happens, but I wouldn't risk You know full position sizes might be like a quarter position or even a half position But a full position when risk is off This currency pair isn't necessarily the smartest thing to do You know not a full position anyway, but um, yeah So I've went for price to really come down to this area here or this area here before looking to get long from a Supply perspective. We do have some hidden supply right here so If you're looking for a pullback to get short then There is your There are your options Moving on to the dollar CAD the dollar CAD The US dollar gaining his strength the US dollar is Can be a risk of currency especially against the commodity type currencies like the CAD the New Zealand dollar as well as the The Australian dollar, but when it comes to you know safe haven assets like the yen and the Swiss then it doesn't perform as well So this week there really wasn't any for me anyway any trading opportunities Pretty much prices went sideways for a little bit and then there were no way up But they haven't really produced a really strong area of demand yet and it's coming up into this supply zone So if we're looking at the charts I mean, this is demand this is demand Right, but for this to be a really strong Area of demand it would really have to make A higher high It's tradeable if prices do come back down as prices have moved about you know 100 100 or so pips over a hundred pips. So it is tradeable. I will put this level here But just keep in mind that it's not The strongest level of demand until it makes higher highs, right? We do did have this bit of a push-up So we need to break past this level before this becomes a strong Whatever consider a strong level of demand if prices do come up to the supply zone And you want to get short and you would the dollar you want to buy the Canadian dollar Then this is going to be the first area to look for buy trades If not, then we've got you know this area all the way up here to look for Sell trades and I say buy trades. I'm talking about buy trades for the Canadian dollar moving on to the New Zealand dollar US dollar and New Zealand dollars that's been performing quite well. It's good fundamentally Probably second or third on on on the list Again the dovish sentiment with the The US dollar did push Prices higher as well as expected GDP. I think it was 0.6 a month for month for the New Zealand dollar So it's doing quite well from an economic perspective So Yeah, but again dollar strength coming into the market now is this a reversal Is this profit taking not too sure when you've got to compete in strong currencies? You're putting more likely to get what is known as a ranging market To well a strong versus a weak currency, you'll get a trending market. So Two strong currencies, this is a bit don't know whether this is gonna Reverse but you never know the dollar being number one at the moment Anything can happen, but if you are looking to get short Then Now is pretty much the opportunity if you trade, you know the daily time frame chart If you're looking at a lower time frame, you're pretty be looking for prices to kind of come back up You know to this level. I don't know some sort of double top Personally probably a bit higher if I was to ever get short I want to get you know short probably the market has the 6950 level and Maybe if there was some sort of stop-hunt around here as well. I might look to get short As far as long trades goes what else have we got here any new trades? Yeah, so we've got say new trades, but new zones. We've got some hidden demand there right there sorry, I'm a delete that and So if prices do come back down to this level here, you've got a decent buy trade prices making higher highs higher lows and then obviously Prices come back into the higher low Then this is where you want to be looking to buy the new Zealand dollar if not then You're buying a new Zealand dollar down in this confluence area here where you've got Yeah, a bit of confluence Not fantastic, but it's It's there nevertheless Let me draw it Got some Some confluence there with horizontal support and diagonal support so Moving on to the pound dollar the pound dollar this week Think again, it's the pound has been rallying on Brexit sentiment the euro peon union agreeing an extension But they require MPs to pass Passed a bill in Theresa May's bill in in the vote next week so with the extension and Probability of you know a no-deal Brexit again not being on the table or if it's on the table then it's less likely the pound will always rally as long as there's a possibility of You know the UK staying in Europe, but if the what I would say is that if if if if the vote if MPs vote and They don't vote on Theresa May's deal You're probably gonna get a negative Reaction don't like this ever that to predict, but that's what I probably would I Would say But there's an extension anyway, so let's see what happens But I would probably say that that would cause a negative reaction and probably you know break through these Demand zone this demand zone has been touched once twice already. So We've with demand zones and let's go to pound dollar With demand zones the more times they touch is the less reliable they are and more likely they are to break So if you touched once twice Then this could also be you know Breakthrough we've also touched this trend line once twice. This is the third time as well. So From us from a support and demand zone perspective right and demand being there It looks potentially ready to break again. That's only from the technical perspective from a supply perspective You've got you know lower highs lower lows being made again if we get Theresa May's deal You know it gets voted in and the European Union get what they want then you will probably have a very sizable move to the upside Based off of basically just a short-term sentiment, but once the dust settles The question you have to ask yourself is is the pound really the currency to buy against the dollar Personally, I don't really think so, but you definitely see a rally on sentiment on the pound But again, my bias is to short this pair But right now we're in a bit of no man's land. So again, I'll probably you know hold fire on this until You know the the MPs vote So moving on to the euro dollar and Euro dollar this week managed to get Short on this currency pair. I think everybody was waiting for This level here This level right here on a lower time frame Managed to get in up here And then basically saw an entry and trade it actually back down Still in this trade and the reason why again was pretty much even though the Fed was dovish on their assessment of interest rates, you've got bigger problems in Europe. So You know, it's it's pretty much a no-brainer type trade I don't mind price, you know coming up all the way and as a tip as well When you see prices come up into a level With no pullback. So you've had one two three four five six seven eight nine days, right? And you've only had one Day where you've had a negative day to a negative but a bearish day potentially profit-taking But overall this price action is straight up for over a week, right? You have to expect some sort of pullback. So look at this You had you know one two three four five six seven Bearish days and look at the price action and then you have to expect some sort of pullback We're back to where we don't know but the longer prices Go on is the more you have to expect the pullback prices pretty much touched this top of this Supply zone here the one point one Four level so once I've got an entry on the four hour it was It was pretty much a done deal for me to get short So let's look at that trade I'm gonna delete this for now can delete this delete this as well I'm gonna put this demand zone here because we haven't Cleared it yet Kind of just spiked it But the trade really was when prices came up into this area here four hour time frame chart something called the two candle swing and This was pretty much the entry stop about five pips above the high no need for a for two candle swing is no need really for a a big stop and currently up The was at one point seven six to one at the moment or thereabouts In fact matter of fact, I think I've got a better entry than that because as price pulled back That's when I actually entered. I think it was the one point one four 04 level it was around here so decent entry to the downside looking to take profits probably at the bottom of this range But I may hold as well depending on obviously what happens in With Brexit because if again, we have any kind of shocks We could see prices really kind of plummet, you know down towards this one point one 00 level which represent a decent risk reward So, you know pretty much all eyes on Europe this week and The next trade which I also got into was the euro yen euro yen This was a nice trade. This was in fact a nicer Four five to one type trade at the moment. So prices came up Into this level again. Look at the way price is actually Approaches level so you got a big move down into the demand zone and then you've got one two three four five six seven eight Days with no pullback and then the ninth day. This is where we've been watching this zone in the with the members and We pretty much just entered right here. I'll show you the entry on the euro yen It's a euro yen It's nice Outside candle also known what I call a capture paying candle I think this pair I did do Bit bigger stop I think it was about 10 pips above So again This was at the moment we're up 4.2 7 2 1 at the moment and if risk continues to be off Then you probably expecting the Japanese yen to strengthen uncertainty in the market and It looks like a very decent trade at the moment So again, look at the price action supplier zone This is also a retracement CPR zone for those of you that have taken the CPR course as well Which I'm not gonna really have to go into but we had lots of confluence lots of confluence from a from a sentiment perspective fundamental perspective the yen has been doing okay and Went once sentiment kicked in you know It was pretty much game over for the for the euro technically. I like this as well And it was a good Trade at the moment so right now you could look for some buy trades But probably Again, you'd have to wait for risk on to come back in if the euro Does agree to deal with the UK. You can probably expect the euro to definitely rally If you're looking for a sell trade pretty the higher End of this of this supplier zone It's pretty the best trade that you can that you can probably takes a fresher level of supply That's about it though for now moving on to the Aussie dollar and the Aussie dollar zoom in a little bit Last week there was a bit of a sell-off at that supply zone and then we had some dovish comments obviously from the Fed and then We ended up selling off again with the US dollar probably more benefiting from a risk-off environment, then the Australian dollar you're starting to see the This the sell-off from this supply zone from this zero point seven one six level So if you go to the charts, let's Get rid of that and I think I'm going to leave everything as it is No, actually, I'm not I'll put that There so you could look for Buying opportunity at the moment If you want to put the extend this Support and resistance zone up towards there in confidence with demand Demand zone so that would be where you'd be looking for any kind of Buy trades at the moment, but I think in a risk-off environment the dollar the US dollar does do better. So Don't know whether you'd want to get involved in that if you are Looking to put a short this currency pair Then you'd be looking for price to really come back up to this fresher area of supply up here or Further higher if you are looking to buy and that level does doesn't hold as far as this level here It's price then you're looking at probably this area of Support within this larger demand zone so Last pair is going to be the Australian dollar Japanese yen and Again, I like to watch this pair. Let's trade this pair as well, but the risk-off sentiment If you're looking at trying to gauge risk offer risk-on sentiment This is the pair to watch because if it's risk on Australian dollar will do well It's risk off the Japanese yen will do well so you can see basically what's happened this week and We've touched this demand zone several times, you know, we've got move up one two coming down into the zone now I don't expect this level to hold Might get a pullback and put it do something like that, but in general if again risk risk being off Pretty looking at, you know any kind of sell trades So if you're looking to sell Then I would probably Put a supply zone right there Lower highs lower lows being made Supply zone right there And then wait for a pullback into that area there all that higher supply zone before looking to get short See the price to come up here and then look for a short trade if you're looking for a long You might probably want to wait for price to come down to this further 75 80 90 76 round number before looking at any buy trades But again just to ensure that risk is on and ensuring risk is on You know look for confluences in the stock market as well, right the stock market indices like the S&P 500 You know will tell you to tell you if risk is on or risk is off and also, you know the bond market as well US Treasury bonds and things like gold as well and in silver as their safe haven assets, so That brings us to the end of this week's analysis Please don't forget to like subscribe and share if you enjoy the analysis any questions you have Just put them in the description box below if you're watching this on YouTube or you can email me at info at trading 180.com I hope you have a great trading week and guys take care


Gallwch llawer mwy'r llyfydd ystodd.   Byddwn ni'n ddim yn y ffôr ffordd ffordd, sy'n fawr i'r ffordd yn ymweld y cyfnodol, sy'n fawr i'n ddylchol yn y dyfodol. Felly, mae'n ddysgu y gweithio yw ymddangos ymddangos cyfnodol gyda'r ddaf yn ymddangos. Felly, dyna'n mynd i'n mynd i'n ddim i gynnig mynd i wneud ei fodwch gyda'i gweithio. Mae'n rhaid i'n mynd i gweithio am ei gweithio. Mae blynyddio sy'n gweithio cyfrwng, efallai ei bodyn gweld o'r sefyllfa. Rhaid i ddim yn ddim yn ddim i gweithio flies ymlaen o'i gweld o'r hirau sy'n oed yr ymddangos cyfrwng cornedol sy'n gweld i'r fơ o'r rhaid.  Yn mynd i gael o'r ffordd, mae gennym eu cymaint o'r ffordd ymddur i gael eich mynd yma'n mynd o'r ffordd hynny. Felly mae'n ddweud y ffrindig o'r ddweud yn lle, mae'n ddechreu David Attenborough, i'r ddweud yn ymddur i'r ddweud i ddweud yn llunio cymrydau, a'r ddweud amdur i'r ddweud gael amddur i'r ddweud. the Secretary-General of the UN telling us that we have less than two years, which by the way is almost up that time, that he said to start to turn our lives around in ways which are completely unprecedented all over the world. The ex-archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, has been out on the streets with us. He agrees that it is not really surprising that people feel they need to break the law in a peaceful way, at this point, to get themselves heard. ac Marc many ride on businesses that bus they're going to go bust and that with ecological collapsed will come economic collapse that's an inevitability. We've also seen many unlikely allies, sitting in the streets together, so ex police officers with doctors, teachers, children, even like farmers sitting down with vegans in the street. can come together, because and that's one thing that I think we've done fairly well, as a starting point to bring these unlikely allies together and start to build a broad church and recognise the universal threat that all of this is. And so what these times are asking of us is an interesting question. a rai gwnaeth, rai os ganddw i'n ganddw i'r cwestiynau yn gweithio'r peth. Ond yn gweithio'r cwestiynau, ydych chi'n ganddo i'n ganddw i'n ganddw i'w peth o'r ddweud ar y cymdeithasol, a'r dweud y gwneud ar y cwestiynau? Roedd ychydig yw'r cyfeirio yn ei gael i dda i gael ei gaelid i'w cymdeithio'r cwestiynau? Roedd ychydig yw'r cwestiynau, roedd ychydig yw'r cyfeirio i ddweud? OK, cool. I'm staying stood up, seeing as you all are. Do you think that you'll live to see an unrecognisable planet to the one that you were born on? If yes, stay stood up. People who sat down just stand up one more. Stay stood up if the answer is yes. Have you ever cried because of the state of our environment and our environmental crisis? OK, cool. All right, cool.  Sit down. That's cool. I guess what we're trying to do with this movement is get people to face up to reality. The reality is that we're in this kind of grave, grave risk. There's a scientist who I recommend you look up if you don't know his work, Sean Huber from the Potsdam Institute, and he's just done a whole load of work around risk assessment. He's been looking at the insurance industries. He's been looking at the methodologies they use to assess risk, and he's been looking also at air traffic controllers. They use a different method, which looks at kind of the time you have left to act before the event happens, which is slightly different to the insurance methods. And so he's estimated that we have already gone into a 10% chance that we're going to experience a runaway warming event, which means that we can't stop it or go back from it, and that the cost of that to the global economy will be somewhere between 100 trillion euros and the loss of civilised life completely. He also brought a very interesting provocation to a conference a year or two ago where he described to some scientists, the first rule of humanity is don't kill your own children. And I think this is interesting. The alarm bells, they've been ringing for some time, but when you really listen to some of the things that people have been saying, there is no understanding on my part of why people are not entirely joining us on the streets. Why isn't everybody sitting out there and saying, no, enough? When Christina Figueiras has said at 1.5 degrees there will be no business continuity, the future is uninsurable if we meet our Paris targets, and we're not going to, right? We're headed for like 3 to 4 degrees of average warming by the end of this century, not 1.5, we are miles away from doing that. So, in the short term, what does this mean? We've got this sort of massive loss of biodiversity. We're in an extinction event. Some people have said, you know, this is the sixth mass extinction that we can find, the geological record shows us five previous. But the question now has been raised, is it the first mass extermination? Because actually we don't have any proof that sentient species caused any of those previous extinction events. We know that we're going to lose the Arctic. We know that there are many, many feedback mechanisms built into the systems that mean that as things get hotter things are going to get worse quicker and quicker and it's going to become self-perpetuating. I think many people don't realise quite how simple some of this stuff is. You know, water vapour is a greenhouse gas, so as it warms up there will be more of that. The pollution in our atmosphere is cooling the planet because it's stopping radiation from coming in. So as we clean it up it's going to get hotter again. You know, that's why we made this banner, because it was like nobody actually says this to the general public. And the third sector and the environmental sector, everybody, is behind closed doors and in the pub going, oh my god, we are fucked. And nobody would say it. So we made this huge, huge banner to explain that. The oceans we know are acidifying and rising. There's a village in Wales that has begun to plan its decommissioning by 2025 because people won't be able to live there anymore. Island states have described our climate negotiations as the equivalent of signing a suicide pact. Air pollution, the World Health Organization says that 7 million people die every single year because they're breathing toxic air. Nearly 10,000 of those are in London and I've campaigned quite hard on that as well. We know that our food systems are fragile actually. They work just in time. Our food in the UK comes from all over the world. We import over 50% of what we eat. The major breadbasket regions of the world are at increased risk of extreme weather events which will cut people's crop yields down and also grain yields will drop while the temperature goes up. The centre of continents warms much quicker than the global average. That's where those breadbaskets are. So for sure we're looking at a future agricultural crisis as far as I can see the evidence. In the UK we've got these horrendous floods. People losing their homes, losing everything. I know people in Yorkshire still haven't been paid out from their insurance from major flooding that happened eight years ago. The insurance industry are pulling in policies from people in Australia, in California. Those fires are blazing as we speak. The UK rail networks are unfit for the future in terms of climate change. The bosses have started to speak out about that. Heatwaves are going to become more frequent and more long running. So we know that we're facing this grave danger. So why exactly are we not taking it quite as seriously as we ought to? So in Extinction Rebellion we have these three core demands. You might know them already. The first one is tell the truth and I think for everybody to tell the truth and for the government to tell the truth, but certainly for us to tell it to ourselves. Because we've got to face up to reality in order to be able to deal with this and the converging crises. That's why we called the movement Extinction Rebellion because it's not just about talking about climate breakdown. It's as many many other problems. The second demand is act now. So we're demanding that we reduce carbon emissions to net zero by 2025, reverse biodiversity loss, reversing consistent policies with that. And again, on a personal level act now is about being embodied. It's about taking action. And I think for me this is about courage and courage is like open hearted. It's vulnerable. It's not just being brave and putting on a stern face and going out and taking it. It's actually for me, it's very much about being tender with yourself and with each other. And we launched with this saying tell the truth and then act as if the truth is real. So these two things come together. And the third demand is for a citizens assembly to hear more from somebody from the Sortition Foundation later about this. So it's about reinvigorating our democratic process and recognising that politics is not working for us. We've had 30 years of alarm bells ringing and everything's just got worse. Emissions in fact have gone up 60% in 30 years after we were told to reduce them then. So what is politically possible is not really of interest to us anymore. There's something that we need to get done about that and for that we need a system change. And we certainly feel, I think a lot of us at Extinction Rebellion that we're at our choice point in humanities history where certainly in this country we can either choose to have more democracy or we can choose to have less. But I don't think we can just carry on business as usual. So Extinction Rebellion came out of this movement called Rising Up. It was a group of decentralised network of activists working to iteratively test out tactics of civil disobedience, looking really at the virtue of disobedience and mass participation being a key factor. I've spoken to lots of people that do direct action and it's the mass participation part that comes along with non-violence which is so powerful that we see in the examples that we've been inspired by. And we launched this with a talk and I think a lot of people think that Extinction Rebellion is something that's come in the age of the internet and it's like gone round on Facebook or Twitter or whatever. Not true. There's a talk called Headed for Extinction and What to Do About It. And that was drafted collaboratively by several people and then it toured the country before we launched. And probably I think it was given somewhere between 60 and 100 times I'm not sure. But it had a form that you filled out around the room people could sign up and it said three boxes to take so you want to help. Would you be willing to be arrested? Would you be willing to go to prison? And then after we'd done those talks and we'd gathered up those phone numbers and those emails and we started to form some small groups that's when we sort of launched it and so it's very much about being face-to-face with people. It's quite old-fashioned community kind of style organising and I think that's really kind of interesting in the age where everyone thinks that clicks matter because they don't really do anything. So the first thing, one of the first things that we did was we went and occupied the offices of UK Greenpeace and again that was something which with some environmentalists went down like a cup of cold sick and they were like, who do you think you are? You can't do that. And actually we took them a love letter and some cake and flowers and we had a very long meeting with some senior staff in there who the whole table was practically in tears talking about how we're losing the fight against climate change, right? We tested out different things like breaking bail terms. People breaking bail three, four times in a week going straight back to where they'd painted a government building and then going back and doing it again and going in court and going in court until you get sent on remand. Myself and a group of others went on hunger strike last summer for two weeks to campaign against the expansion of Heathrow Airport to the British Labour Party. All of this stuff pisses people off and particularly being like starving yourself for two weeks lots of people got in touch with me and said, Clare, I'm really worried about you and that's not cool and please can you stop and I'm a bit angry with you. And it's in that moment where I realised and I didn't know how this worked at the time I just said, yeah, I'll do it that actually that's what's useful about that is that those people get very upset and when they say I'm upset about this you say, right, cool, worry about that, please. Like, I'm fine but I'm this worried about this other thing every day all the time and the people that I thought were listening to me that were my friends or my family or whatever and I thought they heard what I was saying to them for the last, God knows how long that I've been saying that this is really serious they weren't actually hearing it and so when they woke up and saw me, you know, starving myself that really, it changed their perception of what I was doing and why and it was important. So we have built ourselves up a kind of self-organising system it's inspired by holocracy probably lots of you will know about that I didn't know anything about it when we started we're aimed to have a regenerative culture and for me part of that is about remaining detached from outcomes so you're much more able to be in love with process and do good work sometimes when you're not completely like hanging on for what comes and particularly in activism you know, you're so likely to lose, right that it's super not cool to be attached to the idea of winning because the odds are so stacked against you people tend to be more effective when they feel they're doing something because it's the right thing to do not because it's like they know that they're going to win we have a very multi-discipline team which is really cool to work with philosophers working with social scientists working with real scientists working with activists, long-term activists working with artists and this is a print table where we set up in the streets and this is on the bridge on Waterloo Bridge from April and people print on their own clothes with like wooden printing blocks so as an arts coordinator we've built this system where people can do this work together and we have a no merchandise movement which I think is super important we've said to people this is a do it together movement it's not a DIY aesthetic everything that we do is like freely available creatively to use it's all non-commercial and importantly we don't own that symbol that was designed by somebody else and we have to protect that because that's strictly for non-commercial use and we've been given the blessing of an anonymous artist to use that on-going but it needs looking after and for me that gives us a great a great sort of thing to work around in terms of having this sort of like collaborative set of assets to start out with which we have to see as like commons that they're not, you know, we don't own them but they do need taken care of so there's this thing you might know, I only read about it quite relatively recently called the Jevons Paradox and I'm guessing a lot of you work in sustainability and learning about this really like opened my eyes to something because it's an efficiency paradox and this 18th century economist recognised that when we make an efficiency saving at that time using coal to power stuff that that efficiency saving results in you using more coal not less and I thought back about like working on sustainability and how people often begin that work with efficiency saving and I thought you know what like we don't even know what questions to ask so of course we don't find all the right answers very easily and one of the words that we've printed on people's clothes again and again is humility and talking to people about what that actually means and for me there's something about using all of the stuff that we've got in silos, science all of the things that we think that are necessary to combat these issues around diversity loss, climate change these are like we think they're scientific things that we need to investigate but until we get like different types of people together to work on this stuff then we're not asking the right questions, we're not finding the right place to begin and so I guess what we definitely need to do is to come together and admit to ourselves that we know what's happening well enough we don't need any more scientific reports to tell us that stuff and we kind of know what's needed to begin to do the work and we also know that we need grief and we also know that we need love and I think we also know that we need to defeat cynicism somehow and to lift up our consciousness together and so in this sort of moment where we're engaged in a slow car crash together in a like long tragedy if you were I guess if you were personally going to let go of false hope and let go of denial and really face up to the reality of what's happening and think about the first next thing that you can do that you know you might be able to do but you're not doing what is that thing in being in service to life itself and I just want to give you like one or two minutes if you look at the person next to you and just say something that you could be doing that you're not doing that you know really and have a little just one to two minutes just very quickly


And welcome to another episode of Kondo Insider. I'm your host for today's show. My name is Jane Sugimura. And this is a show for people who live in condos and work in condos or work with people who work in condos. And we have a very interesting topic today. And the general topic is condominium living in during a pandemic. And one of the challenges that condominiums have had is how do you have an annual meeting? Because the government says that you can't have these gatherings of over five or 10 people. And so what has happened is if the condominium didn't do their annual meeting before the shutdown orders happened on March 16th of this year, they didn't have annual meetings. So that's been the challenge. And my guest today is Christopher Shea Goodwin.  Hi, Chris. Hi, Jane. Nice to see you today. Thanks for joining me. Sure. And you've been, and we talked about this before. I mean, this is a challenge that has kind of stumped a whole lot of condominiums and community associations, right? They haven't been able to have annual meetings. Right. Jane, when we got to the middle of March, and you probably know this, most condominium associations in Hawaii, their documents require they conduct their annual meeting by the end of the first quarter. So about over half of our clients, and we have about 135 condominium and community associations had conducted their annual meeting, but that's still left about 40% of our clients who had not yet conducted their annual meeting either because they had all been scheduled in the last two weeks of, last two or three weeks of March, or which is very common to scrunch it all up at the end, or more commonly, they did not have a requirement that their meeting be conducted by the end of the first quarter. But regardless, we basically had about 55 or 60 clients that had not yet conducted their annual meeting when the pandemic hit and the restrictions came in place. Right. And what stopped everybody from having annual meetings is the rule about gatherings, right, and usually with a condominium annual meeting, you have to be together in a big room where everybody can kind of congregate. And that was in violation of the governor and the mayor's proclamations about social distancing. And then there was the issue about, there was the issue about electing board members. So you have people who maybe wanted to get off the board and now they've been stuck on the board for another seven months. True, true. And there are people who wanted to get on the board and they're just out there chomping at the bit to go out and get their proxies and here they can't even have an election. And so that's been a big issue and I guess, frustrating for a whole lot of people. Is that what you're hearing too? It was a huge event, Jane. So as you correctly pointed out, when the first series of governor and mayor's emergency orders came out or proclamations, whichever they were called, they basically banned, as you correctly point out, any type of gathering, any type of gathering over a certain number. And six was the number that emerged pretty much. It went to 10 for a while, but there was no exception for condominium or community associations, at least in the first set of orders. So we went from March through all the way up to June and condominium associations and community associations were banned by these emergency orders and proclamations from having any meetings because they were in violation, as you correctly point out, of the social distancing restrictions and the limitations on the number of individuals who could be in attendance. So how did, I mean, so how did you figure out how a condominium could have their annual meeting? Well, interesting you brought that up. So we had numerous inquiries and what happened was we evaluated the law and the statute, which is 514B, which applies to condominium associations, says that you cannot conduct a meeting in any other fashion, any other method or procedure, unless it's specified in the association's governing documents. Well, every condominium association I represent and probably you too, Jane, says that the association's annual meeting shall be conducted and it puts a specific location. But their governing documents do not say anything with respect to conducting a meeting, an annual meeting or an owner's meeting by telephone, certainly not by web conference. Many of these documents were drafted even before the web took place, web was in existence. Even though many association documents, and this created a lot of confusion, said that you could have board meetings by teleconference. But remember that was only, and by the way, 514B also specifically allows the conducting of board meetings by teleconference. But there is no similar provision in 514B or the vast majority of condominium association's governing documents that allow association meetings to be conducted by teleconference or any other alternative method. So the rub came in is my clients would call, our clients would call the firm and they say, please tell us if there is a way we can have our annual meeting by Zoom or by web conference or some other teleconference or some other procedure. So as you correctly point out, they could get the business of the association done that has to be done at annual meeting. And we explore the statute and we explore their governing documents and we also look at Robert's rules of order, which until the new Roberts came out just last month, there were no procedures at all in the addition of Robert's rules, which provided for electronic or virtual meetings. They do now, by the way. And so as a result of our research, we determined that basically at an annual meeting, you have to still call the meeting to order and you have to conduct any business pursuant to, business would be conducting, taking a vote, taking an election, actions on amendments, stuff like that. Anything where a vote has to be taken, it has to be taken by the casting of a ballot, which means you're still gonna have to have a meeting and you could not do that meeting by teleconference. You could not do that meeting by web conference because there was no way physically for individuals to vote. And more importantly, for the managing agent or the association to verify who was casting votes. So what we did was we explored Robert's rules, we talked to a couple of local parliamentarians and we said, is there a way we could still have an annual meeting but do the non-required actions, not the business, via either web conference or via teleconference, whereby owners could listen or watch, but they would still not get the opportunity to vote. And we could still set up an in-person procedure to allow them to vote. So what we did was, we noticed the meeting like we always would, that it would be in a physical location, the same physical location it always would be, and owners would go down and they would still register and check in just like they always would and they would get their ballots. Well, this was gonna work very well, Jane, at a project where it was a high percentage of owner-optimists. And what I mean by that was, if the vast majority of the owners resided in the project, think about this, they could come down to the lobby, the parking garage, or wherever the check-in is gonna be, they could check in, they could claim their ballots, and then the board would still be there in accordance with social distancing requirements because if we could have up to 10 and a parliamentarian or an attorney or someone, we could still have 10 persons present at the meeting, they could call the meeting to order, owners would still be able to watch the meeting or listen to the meeting on teleconference or web conference, and then we would call a recess so that owners could return to the meeting and drop in their ballots, which they always would at the meeting. So that was a procedure that we examined with the parliamentarian, we examined to see if it would violate 514B and to see if it would otherwise comply with Hawaii law. Well, the first time we tried it, it was certainly a hit or miss. It was a long meeting, unusually long. We had over 90 attendees by web conference and we found out that the voting procedure, particularly for a large meeting, could be quite unwieldy. And at this project, unfortunately, not like most of our clients, this was a Waikiki project where you had over 80% of the individuals who were not owner occupants. So what do you do with those people when they come check in? Well, what we had to do was they had to go to their car or they had to leave the meeting site and they had to call into the meeting to listen. And you can imagine that was not very popular with a lot of people who attend the meeting. But we were able to conduct the meeting, they sat in their cars, they came back in to cast their votes when it was announced we're going into recess, people may now cast their ballots and if you're off site, please return to the meeting site and cast your ballots. That was a long convoluted process. And frankly, we learned a lot from the first meeting but we did conduct the meeting, we got the business done, we got the board elected, we got the tax rollover resolution adopted. And even though it was an unusually long meeting, we got everything done that we had to get done. That was our first one. So does that mean that your owners, the owners, they came and they registered and then they either went back to their units or they went back to their cars? That's what they had to do. That's what they had to do. Because if you remember at that time, we were still early in the pandemic, the governor or the mayor had not made any ruling on whether or not condominium associations could conduct meetings and all social gatherings were limited to 10 persons. Well, if you've got a nine member board and a parliamentarian or an attorney, that's it at the meeting site, that's all you're gonna get is 10. And so at this first meeting, we learned that that was the way we had to do it. So at this first meeting, because it was a Waikiki meeting when a resort community or a high percentage of tenants as opposed to owner occupants, we learned that that's probably not conducive to that type of project, but be that as it may, it still worked out. And we didn't, even though it was a 400 unit plus project and we had 90 attendees, we still had a very high percentage of attendants based on proxy because the vast majority of owners did turn in their proxies. And as a result of that, we actually had a record attendance for this association. So it did turn out well, but we did learn that this type of hybrid procedure for the very first time that we utilized probably would be best utilized and it has been subsequently for those units which have a high percentage of owner occupants. So you were mentioning that the reason why you had to do it that way was because of the government orders that were in place at that time. And then since then we're now up to the governor's 14th proclamation has to have the orders changed now that affect the way that the annual meetings can be done. Yes, as a matter of fact, they did change. In August, there was an exception put into one of the proclamations in August and I'm sorry, I don't remember the number of the proclamation, but the proclamation has now a carved out exception that community and condominium associations may be conducted as long as social distancing is maintained. So there is now a specific exemption at least on Oahu with respect to the mayor's emergency order that condominium and community associations can conduct their meetings as necessary to conduct legally required business. And obviously a condominium or community association meeting is necessary to conduct legally required business. So we now have that exception but it still presents a problem because if you've got a project where normally 50, 60 or 70 people would attend you still can't maintain social distancing because you can't have a big enough space to house that number of people for a meeting. So even though we have that exception in place it has not changed the procedure I previously described where about we're still utilizing that procedure we'll talk later during your show as far as how that has evolved but we still have the procedure in place where people come down check in we might have more than 10 attendees now depending on the size of the room and if we can keep people six feet apart but at the end of the day it's still gonna be very limited in-person attendance at the meeting and it's still gonna be broadcast on the web and by telephone for those who cannot be physically present. Okay, so what happens if you have a building that has a small percentage of owner occupants and a whole lot of people you have more people who are investor owners how would you conduct the annual? We evolved through the process as follows now with the notice of annual meeting we now have a memo, okay? And the memo explains the COVID procedures that will be implemented at the annual meeting and we encourage owners to of course submit proxies because that reduces the number of attendees yet it does not reduce the number of owners who will be voting at the meeting and that has been very successful particularly in a project where we have a lot of elderly owners either investors or tenants they obviously do not want to attend because of the risk of contracting the virus so we had found that our and my clients who have utilized this we have found the proxy usage has increased dramatically dramatically where before you would have maybe a third of your attendees attending by proxy we're now up at my projects to well over half summing to the 75% range so that the percentage of individuals who utilize proxies as you correctly pointed out Jane particularly at an investor property have really, really moved to a much higher percentage and second, we're now disclosing to owners, attendees that, hey, look, if you're coming we're gonna have a limited number of spaces in the meeting place itself for in-person attendance and if we run out of those space you don't check in, you check in and already we're full then you're gonna either have to stand outside of the meeting space and place and listen on the phone or you're gonna have to return to your car once we made that disclosure after the first meeting or this became a problem we have not received any resistance from owners because they know in advance on what they have to do and the last couple of meetings we conducted Jane, we haven't had more than 10 or 12 people have to sit out in the car, leave the meeting place because they either submitted their proxies they've assigned their proxies or they've made other arrangements because they know this is the procedure that's gonna be utilized. Have you had any issues regarding the voting because a lot of condominiums they have to vote by secret ballot. Right and the voting issue is one of the stickers we've also had to overcome and let me tell you how that first started. As I pointed out before normally the system with ballots is pretty straightforward at condominium associations where people come pick up their ballots and cast them but for these large community associations that's not necessarily feasible. For example, I have a single family home townhouses or a townhouse projects with a thousand units and we had a community association meeting and it wasn't gonna be feasible for people to physically drive down to the meeting place pick up their ballots and then go back because there was no parking at the meeting place. So we scoured the web and we found out that as a result of the COVID crisis there has been a cottage industry of vendors who now provide electronic voting services for condominium and community association meetings. Amazing that a need was found and a process was put in place to meet that need. And basically these vendors do as follows. They set up a website chain, a secured website where all of the owners get their unique user name and password that's unique to their unit. So in other words, Jane, if you lived in unit B104 you would get a username and password for unit number B104 that you would log into this website only during the association's annual meeting. And when you would use that website with your username and password to cast your ballot it would still store your username and password just like it would for any other condominium association when you cast your ballot that it was a properly cast ballot and that it was issued to you by the association but it still would maintain your secret ballot the secrecy of your ballot. We found two, I've used two of these vendors to date and both of them did decent work. I mean, as far as they were able to real time provide the results but the criticism I would have is that it was expensive. These vendors normally charge per attendee. Oh, it's expensive. Well, they normally charge per attendee. So if you had just let's say, by the way, I'm sorry per attendee and that's either in person or by proxy. So let's walk through that. Let's say that you've got a hundred persons in attendance by person or by proxy, okay? These vendors start at $5 an attendee and it depends on the level of service they're providing but $5 is pretty standard. So if it's $5 per attendee and it's gonna be they charge an additional amount per vote you're looking at a hundred attendees you're gonna start at $500. And if there's more than one issue more like let's say you're not just gonna let directors are gonna do something else maybe a bylaw amendment on the ballot they're gonna also charge for that as part of the service they provide. So you can get up very quickly to a hundred person and a hundred person attendee and not only get charged the base $500 it could go to 750 or 1,000 very quickly. And Jane I don't know about you but my clients that are only a hundred unit condominium associations those are big dollars as far as they're concerned. Yeah. They're not looking at spending $5 to $10 per person to hold an annual meeting. And but in the COVID world in a pandemic that's really the most efficient way to conduct the voting because if you still do it the ballot method that I discussed initially that's still done at most of my condominium associations but the larger ones particularly community associations where that's not feasible two of them elected to use this service. And I will tell you that even though it was relatively expensive the service was very well done. And I had no complaints. Let's move on to another area. And so if someone were looking for this type of service where would they go? Condominium Association Electronic Voting. If you do that search on the web you will find numerous vendors who provide that service. We utilized a vendor that was based in Georgia and we utilized a vendor that was based in California for those two meetings. They both performed about equally. I would say the vendor in Georgia was a little more professional, a little more polished but the same system whereby the secured website and the username and password were utilized by both of them. By the way, this doesn't work by phone. This doesn't work by phone everybody. So you could not use this. This has to be a web-based program. So if you have an attendee who cannot utilize a computer or does not have access to a computer they're not gonna get to vote if this system's being utilized. But then this type of voting system is used for large community association. I mean, you wouldn't use it for a condominium, would you? No, no, I think the method that I discussed at the beginning of the show today where they still go past their paper ballot or either the owner or the proxy cast their paper ballot utilizing the procedure where we take a break and they come back to the meeting place and they cast their ballot. It's still the way that I would recommend it for condominium association meetings. Okay. And I understand that some of your meetings, you were talking about community associations which are different from condominiums. They're governed by Hawaii Revised Statutes 421J. Right, now let's move away from condominium and community for just a minute. And Jane, you know, some people in the industry use the term homeowner associations for community association. Right. And as you correctly pointed out condominium associations are governed by Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 514B. In our world, we call those 514B associations. And for those condominium associations, they normally cannot use any form of virtual meeting. They can't use telephone, they can't use web conference because the statute does not allow them to conduct association meetings in such a method unless it's specifically provided for in their governing documents. Jane, I don't know about you but I have never seen a condominium association where it says they can conduct their annual or special meetings by teleconference or other methods. So normally that's gonna be a tougher one for condominium associations to conduct these hybrid type meetings. Community associations do not have such restrictions. Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 421J specifically allows community associations to conduct meetings in any way where owners are gonna be able to vote and it's not otherwise prohibitive in their documents. That brings up an interesting point, Jane because you wouldn't have to use this electronic voting procedure if Zoom or the other web-based platform you're using has a built-in voting mechanism. And for example, let's take a look at Zoom. Zoom has a chat function, okay? Right. And so if it's not by secret ballot, okay? And many community associations are not by secret ballot. Owners could actually cast their vote using the chat function. And most platforms allow you to record the chat. So think about that a minute, Jane. You actually get, every owner gets to record their vote during the meeting using the chat function. And as the attorney, and you know how important this is, we can actually record the actual votes and keep them in perpetuity if there's ever a challenge. Right. Now let's talk about a minute. How do you know who's casting the vote when? And this is again, back to the procedure, whether it's a community or condominium association. If you're gonna conduct it by Zoom, you have to make sure that you check every owner in when they call, either by telephone or by web conference, because you wanna make sure who your attendees are. And more importantly, when you take a look at the web platform, because even if people call in by telephone, remember, they're still gonna be identified on the web platform, you're gonna wanna make sure their name and unit number is next to their screen that's on the web-based platform. So normally, Jane, when you go to annual meetings for condor or community associations, you request owners be there 30 minutes to check in. We advise our clients if they're conducting any type of web-based or telephone-based meeting that they have the check-in start one hour before the meeting, because the meeting is, the check-in's typically gonna be twice as long as it would be for individuals who are gonna be there in person. More importantly, if you're using a web-based platform and you're gonna have 100 attendees plus the meeting, you probably wanna have the host functions, which the people are gonna check them in, assigned them more than one host. You wanna do co-hosts perhaps two or three. And the management companies have caught on quickly. Now when the management companies are hosting these type of meetings, they will usually have two or three employees conducting the virtual check-in because they know that if you're only gonna have one person do it, Jane, our first meeting, which went five hours under this program, check-in was an hour and 15 minutes long. Wow. And we have made a huge change. And Chris, do you envision, you know, we don't seem to, there doesn't seem to be an end to the governor's orders. It just seems to go on and on. And we're coming up on a new annual meeting session, season, right? Come January, which is only around the corner, right? The annual meetings are supposed to be scheduled again. So do you see us returning to the regular format or do you think that these virtual meetings are a sign of the future? I got two observations on that. Number one, I think there now has to be a contingency in the legislation to allow web conferencing or virtual meetings. I think- I think that's one thing we're gonna have to go back and do. Right, so, and it's really not too tough to do, Jane, because if you take a look at the statute, the statute says that you can't conduct any type of alternative meeting, except as otherwise specified in the association's governing documents, obviously once you get rid of that sentence, there'll be more flexibility. But the statute right now- It's a strange condominium associations on whether or not they can do this. So while I've worked with my clients in order to do a workaround during the pandemic, I think we have to be prepared, because this has been a learning experience for all of us, that something like this could happen in the future. And since web conferencing and virtual meetings have become such a part of society and business today, we're gonna have to allow condominium associations to conduct their meetings utilizing this type of format. And I think the law has to catch up with that. Right, and we're gonna be meeting with speaker Psyche in December about pending condo legislation. I'm sure this will be an easy fix, just trying to figure out where in the statute we can insert provisions that will allow virtual annual meetings, because I know of a lot of condos who are just so frustrated because they can't have their annual meetings for a number of reasons that I don't wanna go into. But it's just irritating and frustrating for them that they can't have their annual meetings. And I think I see three things in the statute that really need to be included. Number one, that associations may conduct their meetings by virtual means, so long as you can verify the identity of all attendees. Well, Jane, that's pretty easy with visual, right? But you're gonna have a lot of people who attend by phone. So there's still gonna have to be some type of methodology in place to verify their identity. I don't know how that's to be done, but that is a concern obviously, because you don't want people who don't have the right to vote to cast vote. That's number one. Number two, I think you also have to say in the statute that not only attend and participate, but owners shall have the right to vote in meetings, at virtual meetings, because that's a key obviously. And number three, that to their extent, there is a secret ballot requirement in the governing documents that by vote of the majority of owners, that can be waived. But I'm sorry, a vote of majority of those in attendance at the meeting, that can be waived. I think that's critical. Yeah, that's a good, those are good ideas. Right, so those three. And we run out of time, so I'm sure what I'd like to do is, maybe in the beginning of the year, maybe in February have another episode where you will join us and update us as to what's happening. Well, I've got two more studies before the end of the year, Jane, so I'll probably have more to update you. Okay, thank you, Chris, for joining us. And for those who have tuned in, thank you very much for joining us for this episode and for supporting our program. And please tune in next week, Thursday for another episode of Condo Insider. And it will be Jonathan Billings who'll be co-hosting. Thank you and mahalo. Thank you.


Partibational complexity analysis uses brief pulses to measure the electrical activity of the brain, which can be used to determine if a person has consciousness. This technique was tested on both volunteers and patients, as well as mice, to examine the underlying neural circuits involved in consciousness. During wakefulness, stimulation of deeper layers of the cortex produces a brief pulse of excitation, followed by a biphasic sequence of 120 melisocons of profound off-period and a rebound excitation. In thalamic nuclei, this same pattern is observed, but it is less pronounced due to burst spiking. Running or anesthetizing the mouse reduces the cortical and thalamic off-period and rebound excitation, and eliminates the late component in the EEG. These results suggest that corticothalamo cortical interactions drive the long-lasting evoked EEG signals elicited by deep cortical stimulation during the awake state. This article was authored by Leslie D. Cla, Irene Rimbardo, Jacqueline Apuya, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.