Hello everyone and welcome back to enter the ether of the weekly podcast all about the upcoming third-person moment Moba theory old clash of souls. I am your host the man goose is joining me as always my friend and co-host Jelly knees. How you doing jelly? I'm doing fantastic man goose after what 51 weeks You can't say the intro. You can't say the word moba of all things. I Have nailed the okay. Maybe I have to nail the outro, but I nailed the intro every time All right, it's the out of 51 times not not anymore. Yeah. Yeah, it's not bad. It's not a bad average Fantastic man, who's happy to be here man. So you guys had your community corner very recently a lot of great information Probably the most important thing that we should put out immediately another stress test 18 December Hoping for this cuz I was like man if they go Ryan to Priyapa without testing the game again Of course, I mean, there's no guarantee that Priyapa is gonna be just constantly up and playable and all that But I'm sure it'll go down for maintenance and patches and all and all sorts of stuff, but Yeah, I was I was very apprehensive that there wasn't gonna be another stress test before the for the Priyapa But there is there's gonna be one 18 December And if you had a key if you gained access to the last stress test You get access to this stress test, which I thought was really cool of you guys Yeah, absolutely. It's we want to it's the point is to stress it right if we break at the same point then clearly We didn't do our job So we want to start kind of at that point and then increase from there and and it's also There's definitely a proof of concept to the community over it of like in a month We were able to turn this around at the same point that we broke before is now playable and now we're going forward from there Right. I'm just happy because like I had already messaged like the like I got the the keys from you guys to give The gift to my community and I had like a little drawing in my discord and had my winners I was I felt back because a lot of them got keys and were very excited But they didn't get off work until after the test was already done for so I was like I messaged them told them like If they give me keys for this next one I will make sure you get keys like if they do another another stress test And but I don't have to do that now they they're key. Nope. They're key will work. They're all in man That's awesome. That yeah that That was just thinking that would suck so hard to win a key to something so like yes I finally get to play ethereal and then like nope You know working time We absolutely wanted to Do the best we could to alleviate some of those issues by just letting everybody in that already has access Right on that's greatly appreciated. It's one of those.  Yeah Congratulations you won. We're gonna take it back and hopefully you win the second time. All right. It just feels bad That's like winning the lottery but not getting there in time to get the money. Oh, man, no Sorry, we're closed the word government Nope All right, so again, I want to say 18 December 18 December. That's the And if you guys aren't signed up for the newsletter Go do that on the website and top right says newsletter Click that takes you down into your email if you aren't sure if you're part of the newsletter already It will tell you if your email is already in the list So either way go do it just to make sure that you're in there to get the chance for the access key That's something I kind of wanted to address tonight I've had a lot of people tell me they've had problems with the with the website just like in general like loading slowly and I know one guy said that he didn't want to sign up because it said the website wasn't secure So they didn't he didn't feel comfortable The website is secure now That was an issue we were having with when they switched over the website several months ago at this point To different a different hosting service There was an issue with the communication with the hosting service to get it secured Which has since been resolved. So it is actually it is secured now. It does have a secured domain Okay, excellent. Excellent. That's that's really really good news because it does that just portrays Undying is being untrustworthy if you don't have a secure website Absolutely And so if there if you guys are having issues with the website Please either send myself a message or go to the website support channel in our discord and let us know Because sometimes it's if we don't realize there's an issue It's hard to fix it and so it if you guys encounter anything Please let us know. We're happy to take a look into anything we can and war dance is usually really it's war dance, right? That's usually usually really quick With his response and trying to yeah exactly And then uh, so the hero release order that's you guys already also talked about that So we've got our seven now And then after that's going to be grognard, correct, but then after that is x shield Zero Then malware and then acheron Correct. A lot of people seem to have forgotten about acheron Acheron man goose acheron at acheron act Okay, acheron Gotta get all the phlegm in there Uh, but yes, those are the next four afterwards. There's no defined order between those four It's just determining That those are the four that are coming afterwards and then who's ready first gets to be the first one that comes out Oh, so that's not the exact order correct So we could get Malware and then acheron and then Zero and then xl it's spitting all over myself Okay, so I thought this was like that's the set order of release But grognark is definitely next right grognark is definitely next. Okay. Good because I'm really really excited to play grognark Yeah, over any of these four really Of course, I don't know the kids those Those the next four those are all in production right now in various stages in the current process But like I said, whichever one of those is ready to come out first We'll we'll give out more information accordingly with that this question got brought up I think it was during the community corner in chat Doesn't it make sense to kind of halt production on new heroes? Until you can get all the mo cap stuff done Because I know you guys have the mo cap suit now right Yes, we do so a lot of the mo cap actually is already being done for those heroes Okay, so it's kind of it depends on what states the animations were already completed for them by the time we received the mo cap If the animations were mostly done We complete the remaining ones and then kind of similar to the pre alpha seven We'll have to go back and complete the initial animations that were already completed But if they were not completed then almost all of their animations are being done in the mo cap So it just depends on what state the animations were already in. Okay Because a lot of them were already in progress by the time we received the suit Cool right on well that answers that question and then um, you guys just were just completely 100 transparent with Explaining what exactly happened with the stress test which I didn't understand all of it, of course But it was still nice to get that upfront explanation and find out exactly what went wrong It gives me a more of a warm fuzzy that you guys are able to fix it Absolutely, and it's like it's gifts are broke down all the different reasons as to why what happened happened um And mostly comes down to a communication issue between different services between Matchmaking in the back end between matchmaking in the database between the servers and matchmaking Right and it's a communication breakdown to an extent And so it's just fixing those communication channels and then it should be good to go from there Was it driving you insane? A little bit, but it's fine And let's see website already covered that Mo cap suit where I covered that changed to the mini map. Um I didn't quite understand this the first Go through with when I was watching the the live But as I watched Rewatch the um the community corner. I understood it a little better So you guys are thinking of keeping the mini map the way it is where you only see what lane you're in And you can scroll to see the other lanes. However, there'll be like Just like when you're in a mobile or something you hit the m key and a map will pop up and it'll be opaque So you can still see what's going on, but you still see the entire map I mean that may not be the fix, but that's kind of what was proposed by skifter Yeah, that's something we're looking into now. Um getting it into our tester's hands to see how it feels is being able to assign a key Or even when you press tab to see the scoreboard, maybe it's just like underneath the scoreboard as well Uh being able that you have a way that at a glance if you're like what's going on in iceline right now And you can just quickly press the button look at it and go okay and move on Uh, but then you'll always have one of the three lanes on your screen at all times So it's just trying to find a good balance Because part of it is we know our MOBA is different by having the three completely separated lanes And so putting all three lanes on screen takes up an enormous amount of screen space Trying putting enough put them putting them up there And making the details visible that they're at it's actually useful to have Because in order to shrink it down You could be like, oh, yeah, we have all three, but then there's nothing there's no information there for you And so it's finding that balance between giving information but still keeping it to the unique style of what the game is right Could you not just make a bigger mini map that encompasses everything and make that transparent in the corner? Not transparent not together because of the way that the lanes Yeah, because of the way that the lanes work and are structured They don't fit together in a piece like that. And so it's just The sizing is just all Complicated and hard to explain skip third. I went ours trying to get this version of the mini map to work So it's so Elysium's not pangea. All right. It is not it is not connected. No, I think so iceland didn't break off from void due to tonic Plates no, there's three separate places that just happen to float together and become one place Okay, right and blame the elders if you want I do I will blame the elder I'll give him a piece of my mind. Yeah, there you go Uh, and the the same accounts that you made for the last stress test will Carry over into this one. Yep. All good to go. So that's you don't have to recreate your account You don't have to do any of that kind of stuff Um, you can just log into the same one. You should be good to go Here's a minor annoyance that I have My account username and just display name are different things And sometimes I don't remember what my account name was Well, that's man goose. You could have set it up to be the same thing. I told you that could you yeah Did you tell me that used to be that way? But when you created your new account for the stress test? Yes Okay Well, man goose doesn't read. He doesn't read my announcements. He doesn't read instructions. He doesn't he just he just man goose is it I I read announcements and listen to instructions from everybody but you Well, okay that I believe Okay, so that there's a there's my tip for everybody when you're setting up your account make your username and your Account name the same the same And let's see Oh, yeah This one this guy brought up people have not forgotten the overseer class No, they have not Do you know anything about the overseer class? Do I yes, um, it's very What I know is very low level because it's something that hasn't been planned to be implemented anytime soon So from the marketing aspect, I don't need to know very much about it because it's not something I'm announcing next week. So it's It's kind of one of those like we've got bigger fish to worry about right now And then when we get to that fish, we'll talk about it more and Explain more what that is but like in a pinch. I could bribe you with enough dr. Pepper to get a little bit of info On the overseer class. Yes. Yes in a pinch. You could bribe me with enough dr. Pepper theoretically What about the dr. Pepper barbecue sauce from sheets? What if Oh, dude, that is pretty good not gonna lie We don't have sheets on the west coast. So it makes me sad.  That's the best I don't they are they're incredible dude I'm sure you guys have something on the west coast that's sheets like No, you don't really Oh, you're not really that that's garbage Sheets is incredible. I when I went to Pittsburgh and went to sheets for the first time. I was blown away New sheets podcast incoming We'll talk all about sheets We'll let them on twitter and be like, hey I'll talk about their new products Sheets is opening in this town Perfect very uninteresting podcast And let's see controller support you're saying that it's not going to be in there for the alpha release It's not looking like it's going to be there on day one, but it's definitely a priority for us So it's going to be as we can implement it Shortly thereafter. Okay. I know a lot of people are looking forward to controller and that's kind of like To me, that's one of the points of having a third person MOBA So that you can play it on a controller because you can't We saw what happened to Genesis. You can't really have a top down that you can play on controller It just doesn't work out Yeah, so one thing I have done recently just a test is knowing that we weren't going to have controller support is there are third-party programs you can download That will translate your controller into mouse and keyboard movements. Yeah Um, and those actually do work in the game. So I did try that out recently It was a very bare bones test. It was just a does this work Yes, it does. Okay Call of the day So for the time being some people may want to look into that until we actually get the definitive controller support in the game What about voice activation?  By the way, I have not tried that yet But maybe for this next coming upcoming stress test, I'll play some ethereal games with voice activation One of the best streams I've ever Q or People randomly joining in why is he just saying Q a lot like Yeah, that was awesome Now let me play talos with voice activation. Oh, yeah, that sounds like a great way to lose my marbles Q Q again E E again E E Like Well, I mean, yeah, like in game with talos you could Q pretty much constantly.  No um, but yeah, no, it's All of that kind of stuff we talked about I know you and I talked about it on for the minions but we haven't talked about it here is The new map and the new item images that we got were also Really cool to be able to share with people um And lots of improvements still being done on the new map, of course that those are I was like early images, but those are Not the final final product in terms of completion So a lot some of that may change but for the most part, that's the general idea is The updated lanes and how they look it looks amazing and That was one question from the community that I don't remember what the answer was You guys still plan to have weather effects, right? Correct. So how's that going to affect the new map design? So each the current idea because weather isn't implemented yet Is that each lane will have slight variations in terms of what the weather looks like So if it's just as an example if it's raining on fire lane It may create steam because it's on the fire lane And so it's slight variations like that is what we're kind of thinking about for now But until the system gets fully fleshed out we don't have a Full plan as to what that looks like. Okay It's still pretty cool. Yeah, it'd also be cool if marina just was just way less effective in fire lane That's what you said you wanted to dried out marina while she's walking around fire lane Like It shrinks immediately evaporates if she still had her water hair it like dries out. She's just bald I Love it big fan. I'm gonna push for water hair now just so we can do that Oh, shit, um, oh, yeah, yeah, yeah This got brought up the premium myth pack, which is part of the patreon tiers I love this because it's kind of like the god pack from smite Like you get you pay one time you get unlocked All the myths but not only that but you also get their first skin Yeah, so that's that's there's two different versions. There's the regular myth pack and the premium myth pack The regular is just the myths themselves and then the premium Which I believe is unlocked at the highest tier of patreon. So the 800 cumulative tier Um, the premium myth pack gives you yeah the first their myth and their first skin forever And that's something that I actually pulled from paragon because that's what I paid when I got access to the closed beta for paragon closed alpha one of them Um, I got a hero pack that gave me their first skin and all the heroes as they released And that was huge for me. That was something that I was always excited to get into game Even if I didn't like the skin I knew I had skin variation just off the drop and I always got the new hero at the same time That's pretty awesome. I think that's a great idea And uh, okay, so the items you guys went over what all the items did but like I don't quite remember everything you guys talked about But um So you don't you don't listen you don't read announcements You don't read instructions and you don't listen to me when I talk on community corners now Okay, but I'm I'm team jelly knees not team skifter. So that's true. All right. All right. You win you make up for it It's evened out now I don't care about all your information stuff. I just want you to murder people with malaya for me All right can do But yeah the item art looks fantastic looks absolutely amazing most of what was starter items The only thing was the the ring of protection which I brought up during the stream the bullets Pinging off of it must be tiny or that ring must be huge It's a ring for a ron so it's more of a bracelet for him that he just Puts his fist through it and then it just he's using it.  I can't remember the name.  Yeah They just all looked really really cool Yeah, and I mentioned it in the stream But the thing the more I look at them the more I love it is the the imperfections of them all like the the smudges on the the lucky coin or the kind of metal reflection of bloody claws like they're all Designed to look as realistic as possible despite still being that kind of surreal art at the same time. Yeah Yeah You guys's artwork is just like head and shoulders above anybody else in this 3d MOBA space And that includes the established ones like smite Um, it includes paragon too the item art for ethereal is better than anything paragon ever had So people might argue that the card system whenever they had three card system had some pretty they did have some cool art They had some cool cards, but I don't those are like splashards though. Those are a much grander scale than just a item Yeah, yeah, yeah And even even still I don't think they were quite as cool as what Ethereal has it's just In my opinion. I mean, that's all All right, who on the art team is paying you man goose I don't know anybody on the art team No, but I completely agree with you. The arts is head and shoulders above See what we've seen from other like he said established MOBAs the other para zombies in the space And the fact that it's like that but it's still going to be a small thing in your corner of the corner of your screen I think is huge like it just Sells that every we're trying to make every aspect of this game pristine And not Because oh it's gonna be small so we don't need to worry about that. No, it's gonna be this like everything has to Be at a certain level or above That's really the goal we're shooting for that's what that you definitely don't see too many people complain about is the ui like people loved Ui they have I mean maybe some small things like this color could be different or this could be but like the ui for ethereal was just like Way better than false first ui The predecessors first ui then over primes first ui. It was just way more fleshed out Inintuitive than any of those other games and that's a pretty good head start ui I have discovered is far more important to people than I had ever It's not that important to me for real like I could I could do with some just random boxes and All right, I'm gonna put a toggle in there of Mangos ui and you just press the button it just boxes everywhere and everything is terrible and it cuts up everything But like five percent of your screen Sounds perfect. You heard it here first.  Oh don't no. Don't worry. I'll go into microsoft paint I'll design a ui for you and put a checkbox in there. Okay. Okay, you see that's fine. That's fine with me I'll go and be fancy. I promise you that ui is just not that important to me, but it's it's very important to a lot of people like I'm not I'm not denying that I think a big thing for ui Once you get to higher levels of play Is it does make a slight competitive advantage right being able to have Translucency in one part of the ui Versus it be just being solid can obstruct a part of your screen You may not see a flying lia go by until far too late. You may not see like it gives just those slight advantages Just by having some of that cleaner ui and and better design across the board Uh, any any chance we can get um customizable ui. I think I'm pretty sure that was one of the questions That was asked her in the it's on the plan definitely that we want as customizable ui as we can absolutely provide I think in the MOBA space The gold standard for customizable ui is smite and every time I see smites customizable ui I'm blown away at how much control they give Because I'm just like you can move that wherever you want you can set translucent c to zero You can set like you can just do whatever you please on it and I think that's incredible Yeah, so for me, that's what I push like when we start Implementing that customizable ui. I'm gonna be like I want all of these features. Give me all of these features I won't use half of them, but just the fact to have them is huge for a lot of people I Back back in my war to war craft days.  Oh We're back. He's back But yeah, I like that Um Have we talked about the map images on ete? We've talked about an ftm. I talked about them with everywhere the show talked about everywhere else Yeah, that's what I I guess it's kind of what I forgot about them I fear we'd already we had already covered them But yeah, the new map images like we've already talked about a little bit with the weather But they're amazing like ice lane as looks like snow covered and Fire lane looks burned out and desolate and then Even the improvements to void lane. I think are great. Um, I kind of mentioned it during the the community corner, but It's less visually busy like that's been my problem with the map a little bit Is there's so many different colors and textures and everything that i'm a little since Overwhelmed in my senses But like this was very like you've got the path which is like a dark brown You've got some green foliage and then you've got some blue flowers and like there's not that much deviation between That's still really pretty. Oh still looks really good But I don't get that sensory overload that I got from the map before Mm-hmm, and that's something that the level design team In the early versions of the map was really trying to hone down a giving each Lane its own color palette for one thing that way there's no question what lane you're in right you've got Kind of a lush vegetation in void You've got the blue ice Snow feeling in ice and then you've got the kind of cracked gray black in fire um And I think they've done a great job in establishing those aesthetics For each lane to make it more definitive But at the same time simplifying it to make it very Easy to understand very intuitive less sensory overload in terms of coloration and all that kind of stuff Right, and I think it just fits better in some of the testing we've done on the new map being on Voiling kind of gives you this like fresh feeling like I don't know how to describe it other than that because the greens they're not like Can't I can't think of another way to describe them other than this but they're not this like Lime vomit green color in a lot of places They're actually like a lush forest green, which is a lot easier on the eyes for one thing But also just more pleasing to look at and just feels better overall I like how you say this with your live green background I never said I was easy on the eyes My one concern um has to do a little bit with accessibility as someone who experiences pretty frequent migraines I think if I were to play on the ice lane for a couple hours It would probably be it would get to be a little a little much a little much brightness Yeah, and that's something accessibility something we're tackling right now actually in The future we're like because we're already working on like colorblind settings. And so we're trying to increase the accessibility options and a brightness slider is something we've been in talks in talk about Trying to determine a better way because there are absolutely moments on ice where you're standing there and you're going like, okay Cool. Thank you. I can't Thanks And so it's finding ways to combat that is kind of what we're going through right now too And for now, I'll just keep sunglasses on my desk. I'm gonna break it on the ice But you take them off when you're on any other lane the only one to ice. Okay, I'm ready like You can tell when streamers are in ice lane just by looking at their Oh, he's got sunglasses on. He's a nice one. Yep So, uh, there's been a little bit of a redesign to it seemed to to some of the lanes A little bit here and there Like the ice cave is more of an ice cave instead of a giant snowball on the side of the lane Um, there's slight redesign in terms of lane structure. They're not quite as straight shots as they used to be There's a little bit of a bench to them around the the edges Uh void lane is in a straight shot as much as it used to be it kind of has a little more curves um So it's it's little improvements here in there, but nothing super crazy drastic overall, right Good to go All right, I think that about exhausts everything that I wanted to talk about unless you had anything else I can't think of anything else stress test.  I'm really looking forward to this one to how many days is that How many days? For lack of a better way to put it it's eight days after fault patch 14 Ha Uh, I I don't know how many days specifically that's 20 days from right now not when you're watching this But right meow All right, 18 days from the day you're watching this Start the countdown we're shad shad needs to make like a countdown to And then just post it everywhere Poor shad we've been beating up one of this What no shad's great. You've been beating up on him I didn't beat up what about said he was gonna like tell us because of all the cues Other than shad is on team skifter Oh, is he really a huge shad fan? Yeah, he is unfortunately shit, I thought I thought better van We all did we're all a little disappointed. So I get it All right, well, that's going about closing out anything you got the plug jelly Uh, just streams as of yesterday. We did marvellous monday. It's always weird that we're two days Whatever, uh, we do marvellous monday every week on my stream at eight o'clock mountain time And it's always a good time. So it's super fun.  So it's always exciting. It's always super fun What game did you play yesterday, which is in the future from now? Uh, I think it's some like weird Western meme game. I don't quite know what she chose for me, but it was It's a weird From what I've seen on steam And now guys if if you keep thinking to yourself, man I wanted to participate marvellous monday. I completely forgot about it Just go go follow jelly on twitch and and subscribe to him on youtube and you'll get notified and then you can You can always show up. Wow Mangus has started out with not plugging anything even for himself and now he's plugging other people. Wow I've always plugged other people or that's pretty good. That's how I have two kids The jokes I thought you were gonna say it and I was like nah, he wouldn't he wouldn't do that. That was a literal dad joke So many layers All right. Well, that's going to close that out for this week Close it out on a not so great note Okay December 18th folks sign up for the new which is sign up for the newsletter You're signed up for the for a chance to get in there if you already got in there once You're going to get in there again and hopefully this will go Way way better so you can all join us as we enter the ether man Shout out to channel members foolish blood hunter jelly knees me all mixed for men stunt and ferret


Hello everyone, my name is Mr. Sandesh Pare, I am currently working as an assistant professor in the department of computer science and engineering at Walchand Institute of Technology, Sallapur. In this video, I am going to cover the topic that is testing of the mobile applications in Android. So, we will see the learning outcome that is at the end of this video. You will be understanding the different techniques which are used to test the mobile applications and you will come to know the benefits of the application testing. So, let us start with the introduction one. Why testing is necessary in any app development? It is the biggest question. Because we are familiar with the software engineering also, testing plays an important role in the app development. Because we have to ensure or we have to confirm that a particular developed app is working as per the demand or not, otherwise the whole propaganda of the application development will discredit, that should not happen, it will create a very bad impression on the consumer. That is why the testing plays a biggest role rather than development. Testing is important than development. Because some mistakes may happen at the development time, but one should not be obsolete the particular mistakes or the errors or the non-functions in the app development during the testing. Testing is nothing but the procedure of the validation. It means a certification that a particular application is working as per the demand and as per the design. And conformance with the functional requirement means in this phase we are going to check only the functional requirements, that is it is working as per the demand or not. And conformance with the non-functional requirements means here the procedure of optimization comes into the picture. Means we have to give that is the required output, but can we reduce the code? Can we reduce the resources? Can we reduce the process which are required for the app development here? Since optimization is performed in the non-functional requirements confirmation. So testing confirms the optimal usage of resources such as first one is the available memory. The desired mobile application should use the minimum memory in terms of the storage and in terms of the processing power. It should use the minimum memory, then and then only it will consider as the good one. It should use less battery backup. If your app is working properly but it is consuming a high battery, high battery power then it will not hit in the market. It will create the problem according to the consumer one. And processing power is also same, that is it should take a less processing power. Otherwise if your app is working correctly but it is taking too much processing power then the mobile device on which it is installed and playing it may be get hanged. So it is not good. It should support on the diverse set of devices because there are number of devices in the market which are available in different screens, sizes, different colors. So with different densities also. So your app must be supported by all of them devices. Because the particular developer does not know that on which device the particular app will be installed and used. And if it is not supporting one then it will create a bad impression on the consumer and in the market the application may be get flopped. And performance according to the different carrier networks means certain apps are there in market nowadays using the mobile data while performing the operations. So during this it should not consume the high amount of the mobile data, otherwise it will again create the chaos in the market. And according to the security point of view the app must be provided security to the data which is in the mobile device or regarding the application data. And the application should be trustworthy that particular data of any user should not be shared with any other one and not misused also. It is the main aim behind it. And next is the usability of the app that is a particular app should be easy to use. As we can see components of the testing of Android applications is nothing but you can see as in the screen that first testing the project under that package here the hierarchy is shown means it is divided into the sub-task and again packages are divided into the sorts and then again sorts are divided into the test cases according to this particular cases that particular function or that particular part of a code is get tested that is working functionally and non-functionally correct or not. So let us start with the activity. As we know what is activity it means it is not a single process one it means suppose you are downloading a particular file at that time you are playing the music at the background ok and at the same time you are surfing in the gallery also ok. So these all three tasks are not the separate one according to the activity ok means these are three different tasks all but it is one as whole considered as the one activity ok. So while testing the activity there are mainly two functions are there that is a setup and tear down ok as you can see in the code that is at the setup is line number 6 and 13 number line shows the tear down function ok at the setup your activity will be get created and a particular activity is assigned to the text view as you can see and in the tear down it is again after the testing it gets nulled and another one aspect is the service one ok service is nothing but it is different from the activity. Activity is particular regarding to particular time ok but service is not like that it is continuously playing at the its role at the background one and it is providing the service to the user ok and a particular service may provide the service to the different activities at the any time ok. So while testing this service a test case should be either test that is a particular business logic is implemented as a long running task ok means continuously running or not and execution of the appropriate methods ok like binding of particular resources or to starting any activity and unbinding the resources or the whatever processes that are called at the proper time or not it is handled by the testing of the service ok this is the code for the testing service ok setup and tear down methods are used in this also ok as you can see intent is used ok intents are generally used to exchange the data between exchange the user data ok it is the main function of the intent so new intent is arise here ok by using the counter service class and then add the tear down again it is a released one ok this is regarding service. So there is one question for you guys the how testing is different from the activity as I said activity and service are different activity is a time consuming sorry time limited and service is continuously running at the back end and providing the service to different activities and it performs a certain operations like a starting and stopping of the particular process call and binding or unbinding of the resources also. Next one is the content provider it actually plays a role to exchange the data between different applications and while testing this we have to test mainly three things that is validation of the appropriate resolution of uniform resource identifiers are the definition of MIME ok that is a multi-purpose internet mail extensions and a result of current operations it means recording related to the database we have to perform these operations their particular results are valid or not. So again for the content provider testing there is setup and tear down functions are there and you can see the particular uniform resource identifiers is again passed here ok and at the tear down it is released one. So app testing is mainly checking the five main things that is a functionalities of the application that is working not correct or not usability of the applications then performance of the application and then network which is used by the application and then security of the data which is regarding the application data or the may be device data ok. So these five things are mainly covered while the testing of the mobile application these are some references I used to make this video thank you.


Hello, everyone. Good afternoon. I'm Alicia Inarejos, and this is our weekly seminar at the Center for European Legal Studies here in Cambridge. I'm very happy to welcome you all, and I'm delighted to welcome the speaker, Professor Diamond Ashakbor. Diamond is Professor of Law at the University of Kent, previously at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London. He teaches and has done a great deal of research on labour law, trade and development, regional integration, human rights, equality and multiculturalism. And today she's going to talk to us about provincializing Europe, the European Union and the African Union as reactions against or an integral part of globalization. Professor Ashakbor will talk for about half an hour or so, and hopefully at the end there'll be time for questions. Can I just remind everybody that if you have a question for our speaker that you write it in the Q&A box, and then I'll read them out later on. So, Professor Ashakbor Diamond, we're very grateful that you have taken the time to speak to us, and we're really looking forward to it. Over to you. Thank you. So thank you very much to Dr Hina-Rosia for hosting this seminar today and thanks to the Centre for the Invitation to speak. So I'm delighted to have this opportunity to test some of these arguments and ideas that I've been developing in this project. So this paper today is part of a wider project which seeks to reconceptualize regions through a study of the European Union and the African Union and to assess the role of regions as a response to a form of economic globalization, which can be described as neoliberal. So as Dr Hina-Rosia has Alithia pointed out, my research is in EU law, but also in the law of the African Union. And for me, what initially brought me to that interest was the EU lawyer looking at the external trade relations with economic development. So the starting point of this paper is to look again at Europe in its role as a market of modernity and as an exemplar of economic development. And as a model for what regionalism should look like. This is certainly not a straightforward comparative exercise. I'm not comparing the EU with the EU. What I think is helpful is to draw on Kenneth Pomerance's principle of reciprocal comparison. So according to Pomerance, this method allows historians to view both sides of the comparison as deviations when seen through the expectations of the other rather than leaving one side of the comparison always as the norm. So instead of viewing the European in modernity and European form of regionalism as the norm against which other regions and institutions are measured, my approach is that we need to historicize and contextualize our observations, metrics and theories. The question I wish to explore is the extent to which regionalism or regionalization can be seen as a reaction against globalization or as an integral part of globalization of this process. First, through a study of the European Union undertaking a critical reading of orthodox conceptualization and regionalism, for example, that it's integrationist that it's market led that it's formal. And to understand how this regionalism project engages with markets through the lens of social regionalism. And second, deploying different discursive frameworks I interrogate the meaning of regionalism in the context of the African Union to explore how that regionalism project demands a different register of analysis. In order to understand what it might mean to pursue a fully decolonized rather than merely neocolonial regionalism. In both regionalism projects, I'm interested in how the market may be constrained by or embedded within institutions. What scope is there for this embeddedness to occur at the level of the region as well as the level of the state. And what are the technical means by which law, including labor law, can respond to the increasingly trans territorial nature of economic interaction. So, the analysis here is regionalism as a potential response to globalization. This is the language of social regionalism. And, and that offers a means to combine insights from sociology of law, which emphasizes embeddedness of markets with insights from with a trans national lens to explore and explain the ability of regionalism in the EU and the European Union to ameliorate the societal consequences of open borders and trade liberalization. So I want to say something about development, modernity and regionalism. So elsewhere another research I've explored in detail the orthodox economic approaches to development, which are in large part inspired by Max Weber's account of the necessary preconditions from our economy. So I'm interested in how Weber's observations on the central role of rational legal systems in the versions of one capitalism and on economic development more generally have been implicitly explicitly co-opted by the World Bank and other international financial institutions as the model for the role of law in development. So in brief I'm concerned with two related areas of inquiry, uncovering assumptions which underlie the orthodox thinking about the correct route to economic development and exploring what these assumptions mean for the role of law in general and social in particular in the economic development process in market creation and in market governance. So examining the related issue of the extent to which and the terms on which states and regions in particular states and regions and the global south are integrated into global trade and the narratives within orthodox economics about how trade functions and the role of law in this. So in exploring development as a field. To understand in the world, I found some similar patterns of thought to the ways in which regions have traditionally been conceived and how the regionalism project of the EU is compared with others in particular that of the EU. The narrative of development centered around growth and progress as a certain hegemonic force and his premise on models emerging from the dominant countries own experiences. So the idea is drawing on conception of the nation state and enlightenment notions of progress. And this view is at the root of a modernization theory and approached adopts a perspective predicting the movement of countries from a state of under development by means of a narrative process in which less developed countries gradually assume the qualities of industrialized nations. So such a stagest or linear view of history, where in modernity, capitalism, development, and regionalism occur. The first in Europe and then elsewhere is at the heart of what I'm interested in, in particular to come back to the title of my talk today, my interest is in the need to provincialize the epistemic and cultural premises of knowledge which is centered around the European model. I want to examine understandings of European regionalism and regional integration and responses of this regionalism project to external pressures in particular globalization. I want to point out that European models rightly warn of undue focus on what they call Eurocentric or formal regionalism. So that requires a bit of unpacking. Basically, it means a focus that your centrism assumes European Union path is generalizable is a generalizable benchmark for measuring failure or success of regionalism. So comparing the formal rather than informal cooperation or coordination at regional level. So comparing regions requires an understanding that the EU path that regionalism by means of market integration is not necessarily a blueprint blueprint for other regions that informal regionalism may coexist alongside the formal and perhaps be more significant and also that non state actors play an important role at regional and sub regional level. And finally, that soft institutionalism of the sort that one finds, for instance, in the context of African and Asian regionalism may well be consciously chosen. In other words, the need, it needs to be alerts the danger of theorizing regionalism per se by abstracting from the dominant example of the EU. So sort of alimony does that integration theories were developed for and from the European experience, and then more or less reapplied or exported around the world. So such theories based on a sole case study tend to be partial. They can't always generally generate generalizable insights for understanding all regionalisms or all social regionalisms. The scope of regionalism studies has been broadened significantly since the 1980s beyond the classical approaches of new functionalism neo functionalism liberal into governmentalism governance approaches, and new institutionalism approaches in particular, which I'm known as new regionalism is is relevant for my my point here, but what these approaches do share is a common set of assumptions in particular about formalism in institutions about market integration about sovereignty transfer and about diversification. So whether we rationalize regionalism through a neo functionalist lens by taking the long run economic trends towards interdependence, or we rationalize it through a liberal intergovernmental lens, for example, Alan Millboard contention that any transfer of sovereignty over certain policy areas is undertaken to ensure the survival of the post formation state. There is a similar focus on an assumption of integration that there's an inexorable logic, operation to explain incremental linear process of deepening deepening degrees of economic integration. If we trade area to customers union to common market and ultimately to compete economic integration. So this focus on reduction or elimination of trade barriers amongst participating countries emphasize emphasize welfare and efficiency gains of deep integration so this market led linear model, the excessive stages of deepening economic integration, and the anticipated advantage of such market integration, which are at the core of the appeal of the EU paradigm have also deeply influence regional integration efforts in on the continent of Africa. The EU fits neatly into this integrationist market led mode of understanding regions, because it's the dominant analytical frame for thinking about regions which, which emerged from the empirical study of the EU itself. So predictions as the form which further European cooperation would take follow that form, but language is significant here. The term regional integration which is just a commonly used term in relation to study the EU assumes a great deal assumes the creation of international institutions, which are conferred to international decision made from power which seek, which enables states to cooperate in market led project. It assumes regional economic integration. My preference is to use the term regionalism rather than regional integration, or regionalization in order to encompass a broader range of processes a broader range of interactions and goals. Indeed, I think it's helpful to think look back at earlier traditions of regionalism, which predate the European coal and still community and the European economic community, and which perhaps suggest a more global heritage emerging from countries and movements of the 19th and 20th centuries, such as pan Africanism pan Arabism and pan Asianism. So, the scholar and it had a career draws on the work of the Indian scholar diplomat panic are said our panic are to present regionalism as a universal aspiration rather than as a European formula, or as an American doctrine. Most alternative understandings of regionalism, open up the possibility to think about alternative means and mechanisms by which beyond formal institutionalism described by European integration theory. So panic are writing in the 1940s, I argued against what what one might call hegemonic regionalism, where in regional blocks were under the sphere of influence of a great power. So he envisaged groupings of states, further away from Europe and Africa, choosing regionalism as a means of addressing pressing social economic and political, including human rights challenges to this understanding of regionalism as having a developmental purpose is an important prefiguring of what we later on see in post independence post colonial efforts at regionalism, which focus on regionalism as a major underpinning to the newly industrializing states. Further, Latin American states have made significant contributions to these posts or understandings of regionalism in visiting a regionalism, regionalism which is more of an egalitarian ordering and a means of managing conflict and achieving peace. What this goes to illustrate is that, as Ernst has put it as far back as 1961, there can be no universal law of integration, deduced from the European example. Theoretical shifts in the study of regions and regionalism associated with new regionalism scholarship have come to recognize the importance of non state actors. So the idea that regionalism regions are constructed rather than given. So this final observation I want to focus on concerns extent to which recent regions, rather than emerging as a result of rationalist or materialist forces are constructed. This is an overlap between regionalism and constructivist approaches, which bring a sort of normative element or ideational element into the study of regionalism. So in other words, it's locating identity and into subjective forces, such as, for example, the aspiration to a European identity, which we see which we saw on the part of former Soviet states. Identity and subjective forces are being located here as being at the core of regionalism, so eschewing the previous focus on material indicators are just retrained, which characterize earlier approaches to regionalism and integration. Plus, these constructivist, the constructivist attention to ideas and norms and identity are central drivers of regionalism. Allow one allows one to recognize as regionalism, cooperative efforts of Southeast Asian, Latin American, Arab and African regionalisms, where culture and identity can be defining issues. And whose contributions are mainly in the normative domain, while their formal regional institutions are perhaps not as integrative as the neo-functionalist sense, for example, would expect. So this lens can also help explain the shift it to new regionalist approaches in the use of conceptual frameworks, which derived from comparative politics, more so than those which derive from international relations scholarship. Okay, so I want to move to thinking about the African Union and this idea of decolonizing regionalism. A study of alternative forms which regionalism can take, for example in the African context, can reveal divergent ways in which, in contrast to the EU, the state market and non-state actors interact to create informal as well as formal processes of regionalism. So this one says something about informality. With regards to regionalism and economic integration, arguably having acquired political autonomy and statehood relatively recently, and facing constraints on policy action from outside their borders, individual states and the content of Africa are reluctant to exceed the existing power to central or supranational body. Integration arrangements within the regional economic communities across Africa are thus normatively loose. It's arguable that a better view of this looseness of these institutional arrangements is that they are precisely designed to be flexible regimes of cooperation, particularly in order to suit better suit the multiple policy objectives of the African context and to allow for equality. So this emphasis on intergovernmentalism together with the existence of a multiplicity of regional economic communities with overlapping memberships influences the structure of regional governance and regional support for emergent national institutions of social development. So what I mean by that is the African Union integration project is premised on the prior development of a number of our nine continental regional economic communities. Echo was the economic community of West African states, the East African and Southern African regional economic communities, which once they've reached a certain stage of integration can that can be built on for African Union. But the fact that these regional economic communities have overlapping memberships, thus does dilute the extent to which they're able to construct binding institutions because one state could be a member of more than one regional economic community. So traditional approaches to regionalism which focus on identifying features, such as that the process is state led that it's market led sort of the process is state centered, and it's market led. And that involves sovereignty transfer and political unification. Those traditional approaches have to be slightly set to one side in the African Union context. The perception or self perception of the EU as the natural point of reference for regionalism means that it becomes a dominant model but also an anti model, because it can limit the development of analytical and theoretical comparative studies of regionalism. According to Zagian and lay license, in addition to overlooking crucial dynamics within state society complexes, such approaches which assume regionalism must be state centered and market led ignore entire realms of regional activity, such as for instance, informal economic economies cooperating. But there's an increase in recognition amongst academic literature that regionalism amongst developing states is more difficult to achieve than between industrializing regional difficult to achieve in the way that looks like formal state centered regionalism. So standard view in the literature and policy of performing which regionalism should take on the content of Africa drawing on the EU model sees it in terms of formality of institutions and the necessity to accept constraints on sovereignty. So for example, Le Porte and Mackie argue like minded African countries need to be prepared to pull their sovereignty and to entrust their collective sovereignty to common institutions that are given appropriate powers of action. So that sounds very familiar to those of us who are used to supernational decision making the EU context. But is it necessarily the case that political sovereignty is a prerequisite for regionalism. As a career and Johnson explain, recognizing the distinction between all the coexistence of formal and informal regionalism enables one to observe divergence from the EU model as more than just imperfect or failed examples of regionalism. In their comparison study of different forms of regionalism or the institutionalization of regionalism, a carrier and Johnson distinguished between what they call formal informality and formal formality within institution building essentially they contrast as the association Southeast Asian nations whose institutions they argue have been deliberately and carefully designed to be informal with other regions where the formality of the institutions has been a cover for the informality or the weekly legalized way in which they have actually functioned in practice. So, whilst there's no real soft transfer of national sovereignty to a supernational authority within asian. That regional integration project is nevertheless considered to be successful. The asian experience suggests it makes sense to distinguish between formal and informal regionalism as an informal or soft institutionalism entails non legally binding informal modes of decision making known as the asian way. New regionalism approaches adopt an analytical lens, which tends to be less state centered, which studies the role of non state actors rather than focusing and not focus solely on the intensity of economic interdependence. So ultimately what I'm pointing out here is a need to be beyond the emphasis just on the formal or the policy led regionalism to appreciate that regions like states are to some extent socially constructed. With regards to sovereignty transfer, many individual African states are fragile and bivalent towards integration, understandable given that weak states tend to place greater emphasis on formal and absolute sovereignty. So as I said earlier the existence of a multiplicity of subcontinental regional economic communities with overlapping memberships is a dominant feature of regionalism on the continent of Africa and determines the structure of regional governance. The aspiration within the AU outlined in the Treaty of Abusia to implement a continental free trade agreement and ultimately a continental common market by 2020 by 2028 assumes a linear path to build on the integration expects to be achieved via the regional economic communities. These overlapping regional economic communities may militate against the form of economic integration with binding centrally determined norms that have been characteristic of European regional integration. But they may in fact better reflect the desire on the part of the individual nation states to retain national sovereignty rather than to be enveloped within an inexorable move towards closer more supranational forms of integration. What's been described as shadow regionalism or regime boosting regionalism refers to the continued support by political elites and national leaders on the continent of Africa for regional organizations. Not in spite of the inability of these organizations to implement. Formal integration, but because these types of regional corporations serve other goals, raising the profile of physical elites whilst leaving formal state sovereignty unchallenged. I want to move on to the forms in which African Union regionalism has taken earlier early conceptions of regionalism on the continent of Africa were in common with regionalists similar to regional regionalist thinking in Latin America, Asia and amongst Arab countries. Closely founded aspirations for political unity and a common project of decolonization. A career highlights the constitutive role played in constructions of regionalism by ideas of for example panic Americanism as well as pan Africanism from the 19th and 20th centuries. So the organization for African unity which predates the AU took his inspiration from actually the organization of American states. As such the emphasis was on providing a multinational forum, the pan african where the pan African ideals of sovereignty pruning, ultimately with sideline in favor of more immediate concerns related to sovereignty enhancement, and non interference and domestic affairs, and mutual respect for pre colonial boundaries. It's unclear to us to which model of integration and content of governance, the AU is ultimately aspiring toward because it remains an open question, whether African leaders will ultimately make a clear choice for a super national or central type of institution, but a very particular form, an understanding of regionalism, which has emerged on the continent, owes a great deal to its emergence from and co evolution pan Africanism. So I said, although some of the sovereignty pruning elements of pan Africanism have been sideline. Other really crucial elements of pan Africanism have been retained, and that's to do with decolonization and independence. Another account of the drive to regionalize on the content of Africa can be framed in neutral terms, but emphasizing the primacy of the EU as the model to be followed that in an increasingly globalized world, countries need to participate in international organizations to protect political economic military viability stability security, as well as to to maximize state capacity and state autonomy by shielding themselves behind a regional body. That's one view, but what emerges the more dominant view I will argue is in a post colonial Africa, regionalism and integration have arisen from a different historical context, namely the amount of patriot movement against economic and racial domination and the desire to integrate primarily as a means to counter neocolonial legacies. The constitutive constitutive act of the African Union reflects the complexity of combining or balancing these different aspirations towards on the one hand national independence, and on the other hand regional integration. Article three of the constitutive act articulates the objective of the new Union as to defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its member states, but also to accelerate the political and socio economic integration of the continent. In contrast to the preamble to the Treaty of Rome which expresses the determination to lay the foundations of an ever closer Union amongst the peoples of Europe, and it visages that unity primarily in economic terms, referring to improving to living working conditions, abolition restrictions on international trade. The central aspirations underpinning the preamble to the AU constitutive acts are ideals of pan Africanism, unity solidarity, but also the heroic struggles waged by our peoples and our countries for political independence, human dignity and economic and emancipation. So it's arguable that many African leaders did not want to give up any of their national sovereignty and the constitutive act therefore represents a compromise between partisans of a federal Union, which will be endowed as the national competencies and those who resisted this ambition and didn't want to give up national sovereignty. And that's where the argument comes from that heads of state often resort to what's referred to as regime boosting regionalism in their approaches to cooperation. I want to turn to the final part of this talk by drawing on the work of Karl Polanyi and taking Polanyi first to Brussels and then to Addis the seat of the African Union Commission. And the question I want to ask in this final part is, is regionalization an integral part of globalization or is it a political reaction against it or can it be both. So, the work of Karl Polanyi the tradition of economic sociology challenges the idea that markets exist in a separate realm, arguing instead that they're embedded in social relations. Polanyi's primary intuition is that economies aren't meshed or embedded in non economic institutions. So for John Ruggie, the essence of the embedded liberal compromise is a formulation of a type of multilateralism, one which is predicated on domestic intervention, and one which is compatible with the requirements of domestic stability. My argument is that that Polanian idea of embeddedness embedding the market in state institutions such as instituted social citizenship that Polanian embeddedness can occur at the regional level as well as the national level. And I'm going to social reasons in the European Union context can be understood as entailing a counter movement, a regulatory response to protect vulnerable regions, sectors and workers from the full impacts of trade liberalization. But it's writ large beyond the single nation state. So it's integration which is both solid or is solid or a stick and redistributive, and it conceives the adjustment costs of trade as more than as a matter for domestic policy. So it's a formulation of the EU project as one which, although initially understood through the lens such as order liberalism, which is that the market economy is a self organizing system. And with order liberal thinkers perceived in the original Treaty of Rome as intentioning a particular version of a free market economic constitution. In the EU context, unimpeded self coordination economic chapters through market transactions is the idea or competition. With the creation of a legal framework necessary to eliminate restrictions on free movement that Treaty of Rome, that idea was idealized by order liberals as a paradigm economic constitution in that appeared to concern exclusively economic rights. The most elements of the treaty is subsequently amended, which go beyond pure market integration are considered to be imperfections, but it's precisely those imperfections, which enable EU regionalism project to operate to embed capitalism. And with Flores de Vitter notes, contrary to the order liberal paradigm, the aim of integration the form of completion of the internal market wasn't to free the economy from political constraints, but rather to support and insulate the capacity to constrain the economy at national level where sufficiently strong political structures existed. The EU market integration was never designed or intended to replace institution of social citizenship at national level, but the European integration project recognizing importance of shoring up national and social institutions such as welfare systems. So my argument is the liberalized markets of the EU are embedded in varieties of institutional structures at member state level. And I think that a significant source of legitimacy for the EU action was precisely its ability to institutionalize markets which are no longer territorially bound to embed markets at the regional level, and thus enable democratic control over markets. Of course, an important footnote more than a footnote to the story is the EU has supported national level in bed liberalism but my night also be quite complicit in its unraveling. And particularly by taking our need to Brussels to Addis. What scope is there for a similar intervention or social regionalism within the sub-saharan within sub-saharan Africa. The continent's political leaders drawing on economic analyses of organizations such as United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. And the need to pursue constant wide trade liberalization to confer on African economies and a great power to engage meaningfully in global trade. But that wasn't always the case. Was there, was there scope or policy space to fall for the form of regionalism which emerged initially in the organization for African unity, where the common project was one of decolonization and to evolve a form of perhaps African social regionalism, which could serve as a counterweight to global trade. So, even though now the dominant model of regional integration on the continent is one aimed at liberalization, integrating African states into the world economy, reducing the role of the state in the economy. This contrast that current market orientation, the acceptance of the neoliberal paradigm of the current African regionalization project with an earlier emphasis from the organization for African unity on the developmental state, which was about state led industrialization as a way of countering global markets. And the argument here is that the clearest version of social regionalism for Sub-Saharan Africa is to be found in focus on development, rather than focus on market orientated integration. So for instance Kwame Nkrumah, the first post-independence leader of Ghana, writing in 1963 advocates explicitly for development and for full post-colonial independence via regionalism. Just as I was convinced that political freedom was the essential forerunner of our economic growth, and that it must come, so I'm equally convinced the African Union will come and provide that united integrated based upon which our fullest development can be secured. What I want to think about, what I want to think about what this means for Polanity, but in both Brussels and Addis, a Polanian critique of political economy which has facilitated understanding of markets as social and political constructs. Enables us to appreciate law's constitutive role in markets and other forms of economic activity. However, much Polanity influence work on political economy is usually invoked in a way that absence of colonial underpinnings. What's under what's missing is an analysis of the role of colonialism or capitalism based on racial difference or racial capitalism in the construction of the markets of the global north. So my argument here is that much of the embeddedness that was possible, the state embed in the market in individual states of the European Union and then at regional level, much of that was premised on economic rules of the game, which resulted from quite significant international continental resource flows, which fed the industrial revolution in Europe, leaving arguably the donor countries in the colonies systematically underdeveloped. So arguably, the reason the less developed countries, that capital to develop precisely because much of their surplus have been extracted in the process of the colonial building of the market in individual European states which then enabled social capitalism at the regional level of the EU. So such a drain on colonial post colonial countries is arguably exacerbated by the formation rules the game in the current global economic order. For Chantal Thomas puts it the legal rules of the international order, although informed by liberal ideas of egalitarianism perpetuate a northern economic hegemony by failing to address the entrenched economic inequality of the south, resulting from that colonial era to arguably therefore the embedded liberalism which underpin the redistributed capacities of individual states the global north and the capacities of the EU integration project was predicated on the transfer of value from the global south. So to conclude, I started this talk with a reference to the need to provincialize Europe and regionalism to this could be added to need to be attentive to the central place of colonial formation colonial legal form in the historic and ongoing construction of global economic order and liberal welfare states. The value of the region is that in the past, and in the context of the case of the EU, it was able to serve as a compliment and even a bolster to the social state at national level. However, the prerequisites which enable social regionalism in the EU, do not apply in the case of the EU, because the terms of global trade are less sympathetic towards government intervention. And also because the individual states of the African Union are less able to provide social stabilizers, developing states and the regions they create lack the policy space, institutional or in economic capacity to provide some of the detrimental domestic effects of trade liberalization and market exposure.


Is someone in your life causing you distress? Do you feel that this person is not truthful with you and may even be keeping you away from other people that love you? You may suspect that you are being gaslit. Gaslighting is a type of emotional abuse in which the abuser undermines your perception of reality. The gaslighter manipulates their victim into falsely believing they are inadequate, lonely, overly sensitive and constantly at fault. It's important to be attentive to signs that you are being gaslit so that you can address this and seek help as needed. These are five subtle signs you're being gaslit. Number one, they constantly lie to you. You may have noticed that this person constantly lies. They might lie outright to your face. They may also deny things that you confront them with. You might remind them of something they said or promised you when they'll insist they never said or did such a thing. Their actions don't seem to match their words.  They might manipulate you into believing that you can only turn to them for truth. Number two, they intentionally confuse you. All of these accumulated lies make you question your own feelings and reality.  In addition to lying, they may confuse you by telling you or other people that you are crazy and dismissing your feelings. As a result of all of this, you may find yourself questioning your own sanity, feelings, and judgment. Maybe I am too sensitive, you might think. You question whether other people will believe you or blame you instead if you try to tell them about the gaslighter's behavior.  Number three, they make you believe others are against you. Part of why you begin to feel that others think you're crazy is that the gaslighter purposefully makes you believe that other people are against you. They may tell you that certain people think you're wrong, useless, or crazy. This is another one of their lies. By making you believe that others are against you, they make it seem as though you can only trust them. The gaslighter isolates you from others, giving themselves more control. This will likely leave you feeling vulnerable and secure, alone, powerless, and trapped. Number four, they attack you. Do you constantly feel like you're being attacked? Contrary to what they might tell you, this may not just be your imagination. Gaslighters are typically able to identify what is important to you and how to use it against you. If you value your friends highly, they may work on convincing you that you're better off without them. Gaslighters also project. For instance, they might be a cheater and yet somehow they constantly accuse you of cheating instead. As a result of this treatment, you may wonder if there is something wrong with you. You may find yourself feeling inadequate and worry that you are simply too sensitive. Number five, they wear you down over time. One of the key aspects of gaslighting is that it wears you down. Victims of gaslighting are not foolish or weak. It isn't as though gaslighting behavior is apparent and intense from the very beginning. One of the most difficult things about gaslighting is that it can creep up on you. Their behavior may start small, snide comments, or little lies here and there until they gradually build up as you feel more and more vulnerable and confused. Over time, you may find yourself growing weary and emotionally exhausted. Do you relate to any of these signs? If you or someone you know is a victim to gaslighting, it's not something to be ashamed of. Find fault in or feel foolish for. Gaslighting worsens over time. The smartest person can fall prey. After all, gaslighters are master manipulators that know how to control others and toy with emotions, making logic feel hazy. They may make you believe that no one will listen to you or that you shouldn't seek help, but this tends to be a part of their methods to keep you under their control. If you suspect that you or someone you know is a victim of gaslighting, please do not hesitate to seek help from loved ones and or a qualified mental health provider. Did you find this video helpful? If so, please like and share with a friend you think could benefit from it too. As always, the references used are in the description below. Thanks for watching. Until next time, take care, Psych-Goers.


The former Governor of Akiti State Chief Shagwon Ni has joined the Social Democratic Party SDP to contest the June 18th governorship election in the state. Oni was governor between 2007 and 2010 in the state, but he was defeated in the January 26th People's Democratic Party governorship primaries by former chairman of the party B.C. Kolaoli, but subsequently dumped the party over alleged electoral malpractice and irregularities during the exercise. This new development put to rest the rumour making the rounds in the state that he had defected to the all-progressive Grand Alliance, AAPKAN. While joining us to discuss this is Larry Ogonsuyi, he is the media director of Shagwon Ni campaign organization. Mr Ogonsuyi, it's good to have you join us. It's good to be here. Great. Good evening everyone. Good evening. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. So walk us through what made Mr Ogonsuyi need to take this decision to move to the Social Democratic Party. What's his real reason? Because some days ago all of us were assuming that he was going to move to AAPKAN because that was a rumour that was flying around, but now we know that he's with the Social Democratic Party. What informed that move? Yeah. Good evening listeners at home once again. It's good to have you interview me on this. It was rumoured to be going to AAPKAN because the people in AAPKAN wanted him to be in AAPKAN, so they flew the kite. More than five parties wanted him to join them to be their gubanteira candidate. And I won't be surprised in the next few days where you see a rainbow collation of parties coming together to back his candidature, but I can tell you it's going to contest in the SDP. SDP is the ticket, that's why we're going to contest the elections. I'm still yet to understand why he left the People's Democratic Party. Being that... He left the People's Democratic Party because the People's Democratic Party has lost its democratic credentials. How so? The party... Yes. In the equities states, in your introduction now, you said the former Kerman, who's tenor as Kerman has not aspired, has also been promoted to the gubanteira candidate. Even the shaman ship is a matter of contention in courts. So when you have a situation where a party is being run on the good will and courts worship of the former governor of the state, the Cecilency Ayofayoshi, you will see that people believe in democracy, have no home in PDP as it's presently being run in the state. Could there not have been better ways to deal with the issue? Could this matter have not been brought to the attention of the national? I'm not in any way trying to make a case for the People's Democratic Party, but I'm trying to understand are there no internal party mechanisms that could address issues such as this other than people or members being allowed to dump the party or jump ship? The National Working Committee itself is seen to be working hands in glove with Cecilency Shifaya Ayofayoshi. Let me tell you why we think that is the position. The man who presided over the Bush three-man Ahub Committee, there was supposed to be a three-man Ahub committee, Ahub delegates to contest the re-relection on the 22nd of January. The same person, and that was cancelled because it was mad by with irregularities, the same person, Governor Woodham, who presided over that, that had to be cancelled, was the same person who presided four days later over the primaries. I remember interviewing one of the Governorship candidates, I'm talking about Alecca, who mentioned that Governor Udo Bimanual himself was not there on the day, the first time that the primaries held, the one that was cancelled initially, that he sent someone to represent him. I'm guessing that that's why he had to be returned this time in person to do the job. Again, I am not a member of the People's Democratic Party, but I'm just giving you a reported statement. What I'm saying is that if somebody had dictated their responsibility without any cogent reason four days ago, and that had to be cancelled, don't forget that it dampened the spirits of the members because they were on the field, nothing happened, and the results were taken to Abuja and presented as authentic results from an election. That in itself is an indictment that, you know, somebody sat down, so five people sat down and said, this is the result of the three-man, alcohol-delegate, election-enacted state. But because the evidences to show that it never took place were overwhelming, it had to be cancelled, and then such a man is given such a delicate responsibility. And look at the way he did it. It was on, it was live, it was streamed live. You have a situation where a presiding officer is telling a former governor of the state that I will get you arrested shouting everybody down and saying, I'm holding a list which had been doctored from Abuja and saying, if I can't find your name, in fact, there were people, let me tell you what happened. Two whose names were on the list were not allowed to enter the voting center because of flimsy excuses. But one major issue that we are forgetting to look at is that the drafters of the Constitution said that disabled people should be participants in that election, and they were supposed to have been elected along with three-man, alcohol-delegates for this election. They were not there. So you're saying, you're alleging that disabled people, people who have physical challenges were not allowed into the exercise because of their physical disabilities? Their names were not even on the delegates list because the three-man, alcohol-delegate and alcohol-delegate selection had been cancelled. And they are not thinking about, they just want to gloss over it and produce a gubernatorial candidate. That's one of the high irregularities. There were people who were not even physically challenged, who were excluded from the process. And all the physically challenged people in the state were excluded such that their chairmen, because they have an association, protested that what does the future hold for them if the drafters of the Constitution says that they must be represented in the choice, in the process of choosing a gubernatorial candidate so they can have a voice in government and they were excluded from the process. That's one. It was supposed to be a secret battle. But it is, the video has gone viral where people voted and went to show the circumstances that look at, I voted for you. The system was bastardized. And where you will say, well, police enforcement was there. No peacekeeping, because there was a lot of, I will get you arrested, I will get you locked up, not that. Then, apart from that, the intimidation, then people started showing how they voted, which in itself has matched the concept of secret ballots. Okay. So you're saying that all of these anomalies had made your principle decide that he was moving to the SDP. He wasn't the one that decided. It was we, the followers, because actually immediately after the election, chief police, a gentleman, he was interviewed and he congratulated the woman. He actually said he perceived the system to be free and fair. But when people were excluded, told him that we were there, we were excluded, we were prevented from coming in. One, two, he saw the video clips of how the process was bastardized by voters showing somebody that I have voted for your candidate.  And they just want to gloss over all these and then put a candidate there in a situation where we are trying to claim the system. We must not, we, the followers, first, that we must not bow to negativity. Okay. Politicians has to be cleaned up. This country cannot be allowed to be thrown to the dumps. Okay. And that is why we said, look, we are going to go to another platform because people of the state themselves are protested. The questioners, the questioners said, we're going to go on hunger strike if we are not going to contest. Interesting. So you moved, so you moved from the PDP to the, to the SDP. I'm just going to ask an innocent question. So the SDP, I do not know the strength of the SDP in equity state, but I'm wondering, is this the best platform for Mr. Shagwon to run on? And what, what, what is, what exactly is the strength of the SDP in the state? Is it able to win the elections for him? Because I'm hoping that this is what he wants to get from moving from the PDP to the SDP because he wants to win that presidential, that, that gubernatorial seat. How strong is the SDP and what is the structure in the state that can guarantee Mr. Oni this particular position that he seeks? Oh, thank you very much. The SDP, as it is before we moved into SDP, has structures, but no strength. But Tifoni is a brand, is, is, is a brand. And everybody knows that on whatever platform he contests is going to win. Based on his antecedents in office, you know, he's been governor before. And you can talk to anyone in the states, people feel that issue come back. In fact, statements have been made in public domain that why are people contesting with this kind of man? Because of what he has done in the state, not because anybody, he has no money. He has no money. He's not a man given to primitive, acquisitive tendencies. That is number one. Number two is that we must not give him to negativity. In the media, I'm a journalist myself, we have to clean up this country. We cannot say because we are afraid to lose an election. We will collaborate with, I mean, with bastardizers of the process. We will compromise with those people whose duty is to compromise the system. Get into power, as in quotes, and without any sense of responsibilities. Look at the number of people who are blind. We have to take it, take it, take their interest into consideration.  When you're now psychologically traumatized them by preventing them from the process. We have to stand up for them. You have to stand up for them. Mr. Goosey, unfortunately, time is no longer on our side, but I want to say thank you. Larry Goosey is the media director of Shagwonee campaign organization. We wish you and your principal the best of luck. Thank you very much. All right, thank you. Well, thank you all for being part of the conversation tonight. But before we go, we'll bring you a recap of all of the conversations we've had the week long.  I am Mary Anna Cohn. Have a great weekend. The call by the Southeast or the entire South as it were is not misplaced. But if you are to compute the number of years that the North has held power from 1999 to this period that we are 2022, you will discover that the South has held power even more. Much as we are not looking at things from that perspective. A lot of us in general, I told you in the beginning, had eight years from 1999 to 2007. He was succeeded by President Yaradwa, who was short-lived. After about two years to three years, we lost President Yaradwa. And good luck, Jonathan, another Southerner. Continued until about 2015. Now, if you put this together, you will discover that the South has held on to power for an 11 or more years in the 15 years of the PDP. What we have in this country is a companion of the Sikhs. People say what you cannot do. You can't give what you don't have. My dear, you can't give what you don't have. In the first place, let me say this to you. As the campaign comes up, all of us are going to have different slogans. I will give money, I will take this, I will, I will, I will. Now, how would I trust them? And how would I trust them? They would just track their cards. What should we do in the past? One thing that we must be grateful for is that under Dr. Gholath's hierarchy, the 8th Senate stood up to the failures of the 19th and of the executive. We must be grateful for that. I'll give another example. Never before done, when every time they came, the executive came to the 8th Senate to say, give us an approval for a loan. He always said, the 8th Senate always said, show us how that money is going to be sent. Show us documents relating to that loan. Evidence for the application of back funding. Show us how we're going to be paid and show us documents. Show us a plan from taking the debt to repaying the debt. Show us a plan. And on 11 occasions, the executive refused to do so. If you lose hope, you're gone. There are a lot of things to be hopeless about. But I will know our daughters. If there's no life that matters, what the courage that you bring into it. So this country, like he said, when somebody is blind, whether you like Boa Maria or you don't like him, the truth is that when you're taking over now, we're seeing an improved NGLA. It was like the late Mrs. Nafda Kuman. When she took over, so when she's to start, there is a flash in the plan. But after she's gone, we didn't hear Nafda again like that. So there are still good people. And before even this clear, it is fair. Bursting this crime, bursting that crime. Although anybody with any fear sense of introspection wonder if there's something wrong with this crime. Too publicity. It would go and do an operation. It would put it on paper. Put it on social media. It would take pictures. And we'd be wondering, what kind of cop is this? But the truth of the matter is this. You can't afford to drown in hopelessness.  The law should and must apply to all and not some. I mean, our leaders can't keep picking and choosing the laws that they want to obey and the ones that they want to discard. I look forward to a time when accountability will be the watchword of Nigeria's leaders. Maybe then, just maybe then, Nigeria can truly work.