Thank you, everybody, for coming here. And thank you to the AV team for helping us figure out this hybrid speaking situation. Super delighted to do a first, a very different kind of session. What we are doing here is take a sneak peek into the governance of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. For those who don't know much about me, as Jillian said, I am Priyanka Sharma, and I'm the executive director of the CNCF. And what that means is, basically, if anything's wrong, it's my problem. I love working in this community and supporting it every day. And I do that with the help of a wonderful board of directors. Today, we have about 28 people, I think, on the board. And they are a very diverse set of folks. Some people are from startups. Many are from large companies who are Platinum members. And then many are somewhere in the middle. So good, diverse audience. Now, here today with me, I have two very key board members in CNCF. First is Arun Gupta, who is our representative from Apple and also our latest CNCF board chair. And the second is Aparna, who is on the Zoom. And she is our board member from Google. And she used to be chair until a week ago. And she had a tenure of two awesome years. So Arun and Aparna, I'd love for you to introduce yourself. Do you want to go first, Aparna? Sure, happy to. Hi, everyone. I'm Aparna Sinha. I have been part of the CNCF since I joined the Kubernetes project, which was in 2016. And the CNCF was just getting started. I'm a director of product at Google Cloud, where I run the developer platform. And it's been a real privilege working with Dan Kohn initially, and then of course, Priyanka and everyone else on the governing board. The CNCF is an extremely important organization for the entire cloud-native computing industry. And I think that it's been a privilege to be a part of this board. Thank you, Aparna. All right. Yeah, my name is Arun Gupta. I head the open source program office at Apple. I've been doing cloud-native for a while. I was a person who made Amazon join the cloud-native computing foundation, was their primary board representative over there, joined Apple about a year and a half ago and since then have been their primary representative. Aparna has done a fantastic job of being the board chair for the last two years. And last week, the elections happened and I got the new chair seat for at least a year. And then Priyanka gets to evaluate, how am I doing? And then hopefully one more year. So that's sort of the way it works. We discuss together if he's liking it too, so. It's a mutual thing. And just clarification, we are a governing board. We are not a board of directors. Board of directors is for the Linux Foundation. We are a governing board in that sense because the NCF is a subsidiary of Linux Foundation. No, I mean, I've been doing cloud-native for a very long time at Apple. Of course, anything around open source efforts where I get deeply involved, my team gets deeply involved. Tim and Paris are from my team. They're here. They're deeply involved in the Kubernetes community. So we do a lot of internal events, a lot of internal enablement, education, cloud-native principles. We did a Kubernetes summit last year. We did an infrastructure summit earlier this year. End of this month, we are getting ready for an inner-source summit. So all that concept of principles that are available out in the public, we're trying to bring inside Apple as well. It's a lot of fun things that are happening at Apple today. Awesome. Well, thank you for sharing about your journey and your experiences. So today, folks, this is a first, as I said. This is the first time we're doing a GB session. And what I thought might be nice is just for me to interview our two board members, ask about their experiences and generally introduce the board to you folks. And I would love to welcome audience participation. Questions from y'all are very much welcomed. I think if Jill's okay with it, we can actually sprinkle them as we are going. That might be more fun. Is that cool? Whatever you want to do. Great, awesome. So yeah, no pressure, but think if you want to ask something, this is a great opportunity. So... Maybe let's ask them. How many of you understand how in terms of CNCF that there is a vendor, there's a end user, there's a TOC, there's a governing board? How many of you understand that structure in general? Oh, good stuff. Some of you, yeah, some of you. You want to give an overview of that? Sure, yes. So the way CNCF is structured is that there is the Technical Oversight Committee, which is made up of elected volunteers who are sort of our technology taste makers. They are the folks who are determining what projects join into the CNCF, what projects go through the various stages of sandbox, incubated, graduated, and then maybe some projects that get retired. So that is the technology taste makers. They, on a parallel level, there is the end user community, which is the community of end users that are members of CNCF and supporters, we have two categories, and they get together in bi-weekly sessions to talk through the various projects in CNCF, how our technologies are being utilized, and it's a safe private space for end users without any vendors to go have conversations about how to go cloud-native. So for example, Apple is an end user, Amazon and Google would be a vendor. Exactly. And by safe space means no vendor can do the selling to those end users. They're just not there at all. Exactly, they're not there at all. So the end users get to participate in that discussion and we talk about what are our concerns, what matters to us. So there is really no hard selling. We are truly sharing our genuine engineering problems. And just to keep it safe, and I said no vendors talk over there. Yeah, and this end user community has representation in other parts of CNCF. I'll get to that in a hot second after I describe the GB or the governing board. So the governing board, Aparna and Arun, are members of it alongside other folks such as Dan over here who represents Oracle. And Paris at the back. Oh, right, Paris who's the developer representative as well. So you hear me, I said Oracle, Apple, Google, and then developer representative. So our board is made up of different kinds of folks. And we have two developer reps to always stay close to our roots to the engineers. And then in addition, of course, various companies either by election or by benefit of membership are part of the board. The board's focus is on the strategic direction of CNCF. And I work for me and my staff, we work closely with the board on our yearly objectives, how we are doing, the budget that we pass, all that stuff. And keep in mind that the technical oversight committee is a separate committee and they do their totally independent body. And users have representation in both these bodies. So in TOC, there are some seats that are for end users which has turned out to be a really successful move on our part. And then also in the board, we have end users represented as well. And another point to highlight is governing board has no influence on the TOC, the technical oversight committee because governing board is purely for administrative financial functions and no say in the technical matter that, oh, Kubernetes should go this direction. No, that's purely like a Kubernetes steering committee decision, but then again influenced by the TOC. So we keep those functions like a separation of concerns very clear. Yeah, Aparna, I know you're on Zoom but just checking in, if you wanna add anything here, any color that we have missed. Yeah, I would love to. I think a little bit of the historical perspective is perhaps useful as well. I think that the CNCF sort of originated with the Kubernetes project. The Kubernetes projects really needed a home not just for the trademark but also for the project itself such that it would have a very rich and diverse thriving community. And so that is why Google, which was the company that the Kubernetes project came from originally, worked with at the time, the Linux foundation for the founding of the CNCF, the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. And I think it has really grown and evolved. Part of the reason I think in the beginning, and I don't really like the word vendor, I think a lot of the original, even today, the companies that are involved in the governing board and in the community, they're providers, many of them are cloud providers like AWS and Azure and Google. And then there are other types of providers like VMware and Red Hat. But part of the reason why all these companies are involved is because a lot of the contributions and the maintainers are from these companies. And so that's kind of at least for the Kubernetes project. And then as the CNCF grew up really around Kubernetes as a core at the nucleus, there are so many more projects. And one of the biggest, there are so many different services and so many different benefits that the Cloud Native Computing Foundation provides. But one of the early ones was to really organize and provide a landscape of how these different technologies and how these different projects fit together. And that is the kind of central purpose in the beginning of the technical oversight committee. So they dealt with how do we figure out which projects should move from a sandbox stage to a graduated stage. And initially there were no graduated projects and then Kubernetes graduated and then Prometheus graduated. And so the technical oversight committee really came up with the principles for what constitutes Cloud Native. And what are the projects that should be part of the landscape and how do we graduate these projects? And that is still a process that's an ongoing process. Of course, more recently, the technical oversight committee has, as the Cloud Native community has grown, they have specialized with these tags or technical advisory groups into various areas. But I think it's also important just to point out that the projects themselves are self-governing. It is not that the CNCF is governing the projects, each of the projects has, for the appropriate size and stage of the project, they have their own code of conduct, they have their own governance rules and they have their own steering committees. And the CNCF does an excellent job of providing a basic infrastructure and guidance on all of these, this is what the code of conduct should be. This is how the governance model should look like. But there's a lot of freedom that the individual projects have in doing all of that. So just to add some color into the explanation. And then of course, over time, we have had a incredibly diverse and important end user group that actually very actively the CNCF has elevated. And one of the benefits, I think, for the end user group is that this is an excellent place to recruit, as well as an excellent place to really start to contribute to open source, which many, many companies are doing. Thank you, that was, I thought that was super helpful. So I know we threw a lot of information at you folks here in the audience. Let's take a pause, let's take a pause and see if there are any questions. Any questions, yeah. Yes? What are you doing? Yeah, you know, it's interesting you ask this question and it's great timing for it because just yesterday, we did a board strategy session. And this was one of the major topics that kept coming up, which is that as the complexity grows off the landscape, but to be honest, I feel like two years ago, we were in the same, the question was the same, the projects were lesser, but the question was the same. But it's like, how do we help folks? And there is talk of figuring out maybe some kind of reference architectures and materials like that. For us, it is tricky because we have to stay true to a few things. One is you can't recommend one stack for everybody, it's definitely not going to work, right? Different workloads, different issues, et cetera, et cetera. Second is that CNCF is never going to be a kingmaker. And so we have to ensure we do it in a vendor agnostic manner. And so that just brings with it its own complexity. So that's one of the things that we've been discussing amongst others. Arun and Aparna, if you wanna go for it. Yeah, so for example, if you look at the overall landscape, I think a constant that somebody was showing it yesterday or Cornelia actually was showing it, how we have placed tags on top of those. So let's say observability is an area that mattered to you. So you can start attending the tag observability and start getting some guidance over there. Share from my perspective, like we talked to a lot of teams inside Apple who are trying to adopt cloud native stack. Do they wanna adopt the same stack? No, each conversation is very unique, very nuanced. And this goes back to my Amazon days when I was talking to a lot of customers that, hey, we wanna adopt cloud native. Okay, what is cloud native to you? So let's help them understand that. I think each conversation in that sense, we cannot give like a here is my prescription that will work for everybody. So I think that each conversation is very unique, very nuanced. And she was right that there is no kingmaker here. There is a different stages. CNCF in that sense does provide guidance in terms of, hey, what is the maturity of the project? Is the project used heavily? Is it graduated? Is it meeting a certain bar? Is it just an experimental project? Yeah, it's a sandbox project. So be willing that it may break backwards compatibility. So things like those matter to you. So at least in that sense, we are providing guidance. I would love to hear what do you think we should do in terms of providing guidance given such a wide spectrum of customers, developers that we need to cater to. Let's see if Aparna is adding a perspective. Yeah, after Aparna, yeah. Yeah, I'd like to add that, one of the things that's really important is to provide choice because cloud native computing is still a very nascent and fast moving area of technology. So when I was first starting out with Kubernetes, everything would change every six months, completely different. The architecture of various things. And so you would see different types of container runtimes. You would see many different types of network plugins, networking plugins you'd see. And it has, in general cloud native computing involves a modular architecture where many different components can plug in. So that's why there is so much variety. I think that it's a good thing. Certainly the no king making principle is important. However, allowing that variety is also important. Now the CNCF and I think other open source foundations play a critical role in guiding users. And one of the things that they do is when you look at a project that is part of the CNCF, there is a certain amount of assurance that you can have around it depending on the stage of maturity. So there are three stages of maturity. There's incubation projects, there's sandbox projects, and then there's graduated projects. And when a project moves from one stage of maturity to another, there are certain metrics that are associated with that. For example, they need to have a healthy community, a governance structure, a code of conduct to be a basic stage. By the time you move to graduation, the CNCF is fairly confident that this is a project that's there to stay because there's a significant amount of end user adoption and there's a lot of diversity in terms of the contributor base. We look at things like what's the level of contribution, what's the longevity of the companies that are contributing. So if you have major companies like Red Hat, Google, et cetera, and they're actively contributing, then you know that that project is important and you have companies like Apple that are using that project. You know that that's something that's there to stay. So that's kind of a sign for end users. And then finally, there's this concept of conformance and that's really when a project becomes quite mature, enabling interoperability of other cloud native technologies with it. And that's something that also, I think gives customers and users a level of assurance around that, around the stability of it. Thank you, Aparna. Any other questions from the audience before I move on? Sure, and then you, okay. Yeah, go for it. Yeah, yeah, yeah, of course. Yeah, definitely, 100%. Yeah, right. Right, you're aware. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Right, right, of course. Yeah, that makes sense. So I'll share just some things that are happening, which I think may lead to good stuff. Bianca, can you repeat the question for the folks on the live stream, please? Oh, yes, absolutely. So if I, tell me if I get this right. The question is that from the end user perspective, verticalization is super important because the needs of the automotive industry may be very different from the needs of the web scalers. And so how do we accommodate for that? Is there a way for reference architecture specific to different types of industry verticals? And what I wanted to say was that I think this is in its early stages, so you know, be patient, but I am starting to see a verticalization of the SIGs and working groups that are happening in the end user community and around it. So I'll give you two examples. One is in the telco operator world, right? From what I have heard from each and every telco I talk to, they're very excited to go cloud native and they are at different stages of maturity in that process. As they are trying to do their best to get going with it, defining what is a cloud native network function is a bit of a, everybody thinks slightly different things and everybody wants their thing to be the way it is, but no one's really got it right. And so that's an area where the community is getting together in the cloud native network function CNF working group and they're writing down a list of best practices and use cases that they think define a CNF. Now alongside that working group, there is a CNF test suite testbed where you can actually run a CNF and get like, you know, this passes or this does not pass. And our plan is to work, once we're starting to feel good about these best practices, our plan is to work to do a certification around that. So that is, and we wanna do it in a cloud native way. So we wanna keep it very low footprint so all the providers can do their thing and have awesome stuff on top, but there's a small kernel of truth, metaphorically speaking, not literal kernel, that the providers can rely on. So that's one example. And that one is I think somewhat advanced. The second example is something that just recently came up which is I was actually in Europe a month, month and a half ago and I met a bunch of automotive companies and it just really coalesced in the conversation that we need a working group that's specific to these types of companies. Since we have realized that the plain people and the trained people are also in similar boats, so maybe it'll be a mobility working group still figuring that out. Oh wait, Telco thinks mobility is something else. Anyway, we'll figure out the naming but that is a different type of working group that's gonna spin up for these folks to come together. So I see this, my hunch is that this will continue to happen. I will tell you a very practical challenge that we are going to face from being successful with these working groups is getting the right folks in the room and creating self-governance structures so that these groups can multiply without linearly needing to increase C&CF staff to host and manage them. So that's something I have to figure out but that's the direction that I'm seeing things go in. And we would love to hear if there are any areas that matter because one person saying doesn't really help too much so potentially gather people from your industry. For example, yesterday at the strategy meeting we were discussing IOT strategy. What does it mean to run Kubernetes in a cloud native way on the edge? So there are folks around that. There is a working group around that. So I think there are pockets where the work is happening. And people who are key to that story didn't know about it. That was like my biggest like, oh my goodness. So that's getting those right people in the room is like half the challenge. And then them staying motivated is because you need that thread that's gonna drive that discussion, take it forward. And it's gotta kind of think from a person who's participating their company perspective it needs to kind of tie it back to the business somehow. Because if you're doing this for the fun of it then it just becomes a passion and a hobby. Yeah. I think one thing I would add there as an example financial services is a really important industry and for them security is paramount. And for a while in the early days containers were not considered extraordinarily secure. There were many concerns. So that's a group that actually did get together some major financial institutions. And a lot of it I think was driven by the providers because several providers Red Hat, Google, et cetera had financial services customers who wouldn't adopt the services without having a real roadmap around security. And so one of the outcomes of that was a security audit which of course the CNCF has helped with for Kubernetes and helps with for other projects and other was CIS benchmarks and best practices sharing across financial services institutions of how to adopt Kubernetes in that case. And I think that really helped. Now we find that there's tremendous adoption in financial services because really has security container security has I would say across the chasm. No, that's it. So different things matter to different industries and this is one way of influencing. So folks, we have about four minutes left. I want to get to your question and then I have one question each for you folks that I'm dying to ask. So I really hope I get to. So why don't you start us off? So first of all, thank you so much for being so transparent and opening to us. My question is in regards to the Meetup organizers. I'm one of the Meetup organizers, co-organizers for an official CNCF Meetup in Bucharest in Romania. And I'm curious a bit about your vision on the Meetup organizers and like your plan. How do you see this fitting in the CNCF community? Yeah, absolutely. I think the Meetups happening around the world have been so pivotal to team cloud natives being so global. So I personally really enjoyed attending them over the years. I enjoy speaking at them and now I'm just so happy they exist. And CNCF is really happy to support them financially with Shrag or whatever is necessary. So I think they're absolutely critical because they like localize the community experience. I think the past year and a half, right? Everything's been virtual and slowly we are moving things to bevy the community groups. I'm not sure if you saw that. And the whole idea there is to bring the community in one place where we can then cross-populate them to different cloud native interests. Like let's say there is a meetup about or even a KCD happening locally or there's a meetup about a technology topic that two, three other meetup members might be interested in. So the hope is that by bringing in this bevy technology we can enhance the experience of the Meetup organizers as well as all the attendees who join in. So that's something we're doing on a very tactical level. But I think the 100% the must do for us strategically is to make sure organizers like yourself we keep rewarding you and creating a positive feedback mechanism for you so that your ranks grow and the numbers keep growing. And one second piece is, this is something just I'm toying with in my head is I'm trying to think of end user specific type meetups that could happen on a localized way which might bring out more people than we have traditionally seen. So those are just some of the thoughts that I have. Anything you folks wanna add? No, I think meetups are really essential for any these grassroots technology industry. Super important, super critical role because not everybody can come to KubeCon, not everybody can go to a community day. Having those meetups in each and every street essentially where it's like a bar. You just hang out and talk about, hey, I'm building my Kubernetes architecture like this. What do you think about this? And having those discussions over a pizza and a beer are much more meaningful as opposed to like going to KubeCon sometimes because you know you can talk to that person if you need to because that creates that much personal connection. For sure. Now, because I know we're short on time, I wanna ask my questions if you focused on mine. So Aparna, I'll start with you. So you've served on the board for a long time. You've been chair for two. What would you say you are the proudest of having accomplished in your tenure as chair? In my tenure as chair, great question. Well, I think one of the things I'm proudest of is when I joined, I wanted to work on two things. One is to work on strategy and I have a framework for the board to come together to work on strategy. As you can imagine, it's a lot of different companies. Not all of them are co-operative. But bringing them together in the context of the CNCF and I think that we have accomplished that well, especially in partnership with Priyanka. The second was really, this was a transitional time between Dan Kohn and Priyanka and I think we were looking for a really energetic, fresh leader and I am very glad to have been chair when Priyanka joined and very glad to have been a partner. I think one of the things that you have done, Priyanka, is that you've made the CNCF governing board more open. So we've started publishing our minutes, actually a year or so ago. And now we're having these type of panels that we will continue to have and it's been much more inviting. When I first joined as chair, one of the problems was that the community felt disconnected from the governing board. And I think that we have come a long way towards addressing that. We've also built up the end user community quite a bit and which is why I'm so happy that Arun Gupta from the end user community has taken on the chair position. So those are maybe the three things that I'm most proud of from the last two years. Thank you so much, Aparna. Your words are so kind and your support and partnership has been essential for me to ramp up in this role and then work with you to execute on all these things we wanted to do with the board. And I agree that the feel and the vibe in the board meetings is completely different now from when we started off. So thank you for everything you did. Arun, I have a similar question, but different in that, what are you most excited to work on and accomplish in your upcoming tenure as chair? I think Aparna set me up for success here already because she built that framework around transparency over there. I wanna extend that forward. I wanna bring that empathy. That's the word that I wanna use. I wanna have that empathy for each one of you, whether you were a provider, as she would correct me, or an end user. I wanna have an empathy for each one of you. I wanna be able to talk to end user members. I wanna be able to talk to gold members, silver members, all of them, whether you are a paid member or an unpaid member. Tell us, tell us more and more. Priyanka and I were talking about how we wanna have this kind of a session at each KubeCon going forward. You should have the right, you are a CNCF member, you should be able to tell us what is happening, what is not happening. So that's one thing that I'm excited about, empathy. The second one is bringing more neutral end user voice. Hopefully, Apple is an end user. We are a large consumer of cloud native technologies. I wanna bring more people like Apple, more teams like companies like Apple to CNCF. So hopefully educate them that why did we join? Why it matters to us? Why we join at the top tier? Join at whatever tier works for you financially, people-wise, whatever it is. But I think those are the two things that I'm excited about. And I am so excited to work on them with you. Thank you, everyone. Thank you. All right, I think we're over time. Is that right, Jill? Okay, awesome. Any final questions from, yes? Hi, I'm Yuen Chen from Apple, yeah. I run Skonica. So first thanks and for the great work. I think in particularly the CNCF, KubeCon has done a great job and overcoming the pandemic challenges. But moving forward and with all these travel restrictions, still the pandemic challenges, right? Like this year, I haven't met anyone from China and sponsorship. I'm not sure, yeah. I see any company from China. So I know that will be upcoming virtual conference in China. But still, I just wondering how we will CNCF and to address continued these challenges in particularly we don't want to create, we won't have a single community, right? So my talk and I have co-present and the author in the community from Anibaba, we're collaborating. But still, I'm missing the person interaction, right? So far, it looks like we have completed two different words. I know a lot of the political other thing. But just from CNCF community perspective, I want to listen to the leadership, what's your vision, strategy or thoughts about this address this challenge?  Of course, for all of us, we couldn't meet until right now, right? And most people from outside the US, some countries have been able to attend. But generally speaking, it's mostly all US attendees here. And so we have been kind of nationally isolated in some ways and that is really a COVID effect. We are doing the virtual event in China end of the year. And we are just waiting to see what happens next year. I am a little nervous because from what I've heard is that the restrictions for travel going into China might not ease by Q3 next year, which would be a problem for us to host an in-person event. So it's one of those things where there is literally nothing we can do. The only thing we could do, which we are talking about is potentially folks in China meeting in person, but just kind of like we did here. It is definitely a little bit better scenario for the Europe US situation because as you heard, borders are opening up a little bit more and I'm expecting, you know, I shouldn't even say who knows what's going to happen, but hopefully. Just to add color to that, like yesterday, one of the topics was exactly on that, that what's going to be the event strategy for FY22. And Angela, she runs all of the events for LF. She was deeply engaged in that strategy and she's been thinking far ahead. And we don't know what the next three, six months, nine months are going to look like. So really constantly like keeping a tab on it and evolving. And one thing that I'm assured of looking at how we have handled events, I think we're going to do an excellent job and provide the most immersive and the inclusive experience. Safety of speaker, staff and attendees is of utmost priority though. So I think we're going to always keep that at the top priority, everything else after that. Yeah, we're all in this together really because we are being pulled by our forces beyond ourselves, but until then we just use Zoom as best as we can. I think we are, oh yeah, we are definitely over time now. I want to thank everybody who came. Thank you so much. And I want to thank my panelists, Aparna and Arun for such a great session. Yay. Thank you.


Hello everyone. Welcome back to another vlog. Today is Tuesday? Yes. Yes, it's Tuesday. I don't think there's ever been a single vlog where I've just jumped right into it and known what day it is. But I am sitting on the floor currently filming some videos.  I'm like trying to take it easy on myself and like do a little bit of work now so that I don't have to rush when I get there. So we're gonna do some more moving content like later on probably like tomorrow or something like that but um today I'm not doing that. I'm taking a break. We haven't really made any progress since the last time you saw a moving vlog so we're kind of in that weird spot where we've donated a lot of our stuff but like we don't really want to fully pack yet because we need like our dishes and some clothes and toiletries and things like that. So we're just kind of like in this weird awkward transitional period but anyways okay stop talking literally start filming okay bye. All right it's actually a few days later um I just finished filming in here. I turned off all the lights already which like what was I doing? But I was just trying to get out of here so like you saw me on a filming day it's I just finished another one and this was my final video. My final main channel video that I filmed in this space. I spent so many hours decorating and redecorating this space and I had so much fun in it.  It looks so much bigger on camera than it is in person but this is all going to come down either like tonight or tomorrow so you'll see it in this vlog but I just wanted to check in and commemorate this moment. I'm feeling like so bittersweet because I really truly have loved this house but I am so ready to move on and like try something else and decorate a new space with like pretty much all this exact same stuff like nothing's changing um just the location of it is changing but like yeah I just have so much gratitude for this room. It is time to pack her up so this is the final time. You will see this room. Honestly the lighting though look terrible. Okay that's a little better so there we go. We will take her apart later but for now it's pajama time. Good morning. It's a few more days later as it goes. I'm just getting ready now to I have a busy day today and a lot has happened but first I need to get on a call with my accountant and we're going to chat about like kind of steps that I need to take as far as just a couple like small things we have to do basically I because of tax purposes I own a business and that business is currently registered in the city that I live in but I need to transfer that so he's gonna help me with that and just some like general tax questions. It's very echoing here because it's completely empty but we'll chat about that in a bit. Let's hop on this call. It is currently 9.55 so I have five minutes to spare. Moo is asleep on our bed right here. I'm going to be working from bed today. I'm probably just gonna sit on the floor for this call because everything is packed. This is gonna be our setup. I need to move that fan because it is very loud. I need to not have my toilet paper and random boxes in the background. All right just finished my meeting. I'm throwing away my breakfast. We are officially well there's so much I could show you. We'll get there but we are officially in the phase where we are using like disposable cutlery and cups and things because we are pretty much packed. I mean with the exception of a couple things fridge stuff pantry stuff etc. We're pretty much packed and today's Monday we don't leave until Saturday but we really just wanted to get a head start while it was the weekend and that was the other thing I was gonna say was that I had a horrible weekend with my period. It was a nightmare so really like I was just struggling and like suffering and I did not want to vlog or be on camera at all but yeah okay so this is pretty much all we have left to pack. We have a couple cleaning things in this bathroom down here. These are gonna get donated but we're just keeping them in here for like when guests come over because we're also having to coordinate like when we're gonna see everyone. We have to see our moms. We have to see Drew's sister and brother. We have to see our friends. Like there's just like a lot and we have like five days to do it so we have to do the walkthrough with the landlord here. The landscapers have to come. I just talked to my tax accountant this morning. I confirmed everything with the movers this morning. Like there's just a lot so anyways okay. This closet pretty much empty. We are gonna be bringing these paper towels and toilet paper.  You guys it's getting crazy.  She's gonna come pick that stuff up. This stuff is going in the bulk trash.  Here is our downstairs load-in area so basically once the movers enter they're gonna have pretty much everything waiting for them right here just for convenience and then obviously like the couches and stuff. We still have to roll up the rug in the living room. This stuff is all going to another donation. Yes we did rent a van in the last vlog but we still have more stuff and then yeah all of this is going. We have two small boxes right over here left and then we have one medium-sized box right here. Oh he's crying outside of Drew's door and he's in a meeting so we live in an old folks home I swear. All right just kidding we're back in our room because he can't he can't be like done but what we've decided to do is change the plan a little bit and all ride in the same car so the movers were actually able to confirm oh I'm out of breath from going up the stairs. The movers were actually able to confirm that they can bring a trailer with them like to tow one of our cars so we're gonna tow my car and then the four of us so Mo will be in the front seat with Drew and his little carrier and then Layla will be in the back seat and I'll drive. We're all gonna get to ride together for the moment. So we're excited about that and yeah now it's just a matter of like tying up loose ends really so here's our room situation. We have all of our drawers emptied out which is crazy there's absolutely nothing left in this drawer or this dresser. We have all of our linen closet in our bathroom emptied out. We have all of our cabinets emptied out. We need to like clean these wipe them down but we have that all of our drawers are empty again need to vacuum and then are you ready for this? Oh my gosh the end of an era for sure this has been my absolute dream closet I have loved it so much but truthfully it's been one of the worst things ever because it has only enabled me to hoard clothing to the ends of the earth so actually we'll be glad to like scale it back a little bit because I think as a result of having this closet and knowing that I had like unlimited space I literally just like never stopped accumulating clothes so yeah this is my suitcase that is what I'm going to be living out of for the next five days and I guess really six because you know when we get there and we still have our towels up but everything else is totally empty crazy all of our plants are taken down we took everything off the walls we spackled all the holes we repainted over it luckily we still have paint from like when we moved in like when they renovated the house there was still paint in the garage so we were able to like paint over everything everything looks great we packed up our nightstands pretty much after today which like is Drew's busiest day at work he is like we meet back to back meetings all day long pretty much after that we'll be like in the clear I've got all my filming done I'm going to be vlogging and like we're doing great so I'm so excited let's do a barbecue ranch salad with chicken a Greek salad with chicken and can I do extra dressing with that one two sangria lemonade please yeah and that's all 1628 thank you 1628 for two salads and two dressings that is crazy hi yes thank you thank you so much have a good day you too feel very much like a Kardashian in this moment cheers honestly not bad I'm for like six dollars this salad is huge it's like as big as my head you get this meal for like eight bucks that's literally crazy I'm going to eat this take a little lunch break and then we're going to continue with more packing it's a little while later it's like 4 p.m. and yes I have had a nap and slept off half my makeup it's fine Moe was under the covers with me and it was precious but I wanted to show you the end of an era and it is my filming room my office whatever you want to call it and um it's completely empty absolutely totally empty everything is packed I'm ready to go I can't believe it also those were on the wall when we came in so we left them but just crazy I probably hold on I'm gonna set this down sorry for the echo I have filmed probably like Drew and I were talking about yesterday like when we were finishing up the packing and he was like how many videos do you think you filmed in here and I was like honestly I typically post twice a week on my main channel and I mean occasionally I miss um lately like this one that I've been posting once a week but like I've lived here for two years so 52 ish weeks a year times two is 104 104 times two is 208 so I would guess around the ballpark of 200 videos that I filmed in this room like that's absolutely crazy and I mean I guess that's a lot of them were you know at their stores or at the mall or with friends or whatever but like that's crazy so I'm maybe like 140 150 160 videos like over 100 that's freaking crazy so yeah it's the end of an era so now we're gonna head downstairs finish packing up the rest of the kitchen which is the only thing left besides on Friday before the movers arrive we are going to pack up my car which I'll probably show in the next vlog because the next vlog will be the actual moving vlog I can't believe that so we're gonna pack up my car since it's gonna be like towed behind the moving truck and um yeah that's other than that like we're done so tomorrow we're seeing my mom Wednesday we're seeing our friends Thursday we're seeing Drew's family Friday we're packing up everything and then Saturday we're leaving so absolutely crazy but yeah I just had to show you this room because I've vlogged so much in here over the years but it's time for a new one and I am honestly so excited oh this is my tripod okay now let's take a dramatic thumbnail goodbye room and on to the next naturally before we well why we wait for our food to be delivered we're playing Mario Party we bought the new one and it's actually really fun I didn't like it at first because you were beating me yeah you're like I hate this game I hate this game it's like I hate it but no I like it this is hard uh shite no did you beat it already you turd you came in second good job come on come on babe one more you're number two you're number two dizzy dancing oh I hate it it's just inverted I got no oh no you bitch I don't know who I was calling a bitch you bad goodbye we are now every time we are now finished eating dinner we've got all of our Nintendo stuff out of our system it's actually 7 p.m and we are going to pack our last box how do you feel good so really literally like as much as I wanted to show the entirety of this moving process it's just not possible I don't know how people vlog their entire move we're going to try to vlog as much of like the actual moving as possible but like the packing and shit I mean we covered the first box we're covering the last box and just there were a lot of boxes in between I feel like this is probably pretty common but honestly like the last few boxes for us anyways when we move are totally miscellaneous and like random so we have a few cooking supplies this has a lid but it's already been packed somewhere else we have a random baking dish we have another random baking dish which this lid has also been packed in another box somewhere we have random dog treats which I guess we're going to need to like take a few of um we have our Roomba don't know where that's going to go we have um pillows from the couch and then we also have to pack the pantry so yeah we might have to get a couple more boxes we'll see but um yeah here we go so this is what we have left over these are like our snack slash like random lunch things but she is empty and finished but now we have to figure out where to put all this stuff and basically this is our last box besides this little thing we have one more so yeah we can scrounge around and hopefully find another box but yeah this is um this is going to be some Houdini type shit so wish us luck yeah she ran out so this is riveting content watch through tape up these boxes do you know me about the riveting content join us next time while drew tapes up oh look he's gonna go down no he's spinning funky folks oh my goodness are you so excited to hang out on your new patio oh it's dark now it'll be nice enough for you to be outside every day we can take our w's every a single thing ever again in my life you got on a video yep it's terrible yep i'm done somebody come take everything i cannot wait to get out of here that's the only thing let's keep me going we take a brief intermission this is not the early night we thought it was gonna be but that's okay right we um ended up well it's not centered um drew sister brother-in-law and two nieces ended up coming over because they were picking up some patio furniture i think i showed it earlier and it didn't all fit so they're gonna have to get more tomorrow but then we ended up just like standing and talking for like an hour and planning their next visit to california which will be fun didn't land and all that fun stuff um i think they're going to come in october and then we loaded up the entire car with our final this is the final that's both and all that's left is like bulk trash and then we do need to run to home depot or blows or whatever um to get like a couple more boxes unfortunately so we're drew and i were just saying before we turned on the camera like we're in the home stretch we're almost done so let's brick and do it yeah yeah we did it guys we forgot to film it i did final trip oh we made it i'm never buying anything ever again goodbye it's like muscle memory from last time i'll be goodbye loves i hope to never see you for a long time for like the rug that would have been nice i believe this is the final box we said that before but i think we made it now okay everyone it is 9 30 p.m and we have done it it's officially done we are leaving this final box open just in case some other unexpected surprises pop up and we're like oh we need that but the rest of the stuff that we have here our plants are coming with us in the car and also some of our friends are coming over they're taking all of this stuff so that will be gone this stuff is going to our moms that was stuff that they like lent us that we're giving back and we're freaking done we did it we packed up our whole house we did it we were done i want to go to bed i know me too what we did and now we got to do this all over again when we unload it so the next vlog you see will be a moving vlog so say goodbye to this house i mean you'll still like see it that morning but that's it so thank you for being here and we will see you in the next vlog for the moving to really begin to california we go goodbye i was just talking to them for a second i'll go back paying attention to you says to you guys in california bye


This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of four land surface temperature, LST, retrieval algorithms using different land surface emissivity, LSE, models and data of Landsat missions, Landsat 5, 7, and 8. The authors compared the performance of the algorithms using the Normalize Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI, based LSE models. The algorithms were tested on 45 daytime Landsat images acquired over five surfrat rural sites in the mid-latitude region, in the Northern Hemisphere. The results showed that the radiative transfer equation, RT, algorithm outperformed the other algorithms in terms of accuracy. Additionally, the authors found that the MWA algorithm performed similarly across all sensors and seasons, while the RT algorithm had a slight advantage in summer. This article was authored by Alia Sansecotecan and Stefania Bonifoni.


This is a schematic diagram showing stomach. Stomach is divided into four parts anatomically. Part in continuation of esophagus is cardiac. The part projecting as a dome is known as fundus. Rest of the part of stomachs are divided into body. This part is body and the last 20 percent is anterum. Anterum continues as pyridorus. Entire stomach mucosa has glands which dip deep into the mucosa. Their opening into the mucosa is known as pit. But the glands in different parts have different cells and secretions. That is why they have different names also. Eighty percent of the mucosa till body has auxintic glands. Rest of the mucosa in anterum has pyloric glands. So let us see what is the difference between auxintic and pyloric glands. In this diagram we are seeing these glands. So the upper 80 percent has auxintic glands and rest of the 20 percent has pyloric glands. This diagram is showing that glands dip deep into the mucosa. So this is mucosa and both type of glands you see they are dipping into the mucosal layer and the opening is known as pit where they are opening into the lumen of the stomach. The pit continues as lumen of the gland. Now both types of glands at surface have surface epithelial cells. Then there are mucous neck cells. Surface epithelial cells and mucous neck cells secrete mucous into the lumen of the stomach. Apart from that surface epithelial cells also secrete bicarbonate into the lumen and these mucous neck cells also have another type of cells known as stem cells. Stem cells produce cells which can migrate both up and down along the glands to form other cells. But apart from these two types of cells which are present in both auxintic glands and pyloric glands, auxintic glands have varietal cells and chief cells also known as peptic cells. Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Chief cells are the source of an enzyme pepsinogen which is converted into its active form pepsin by HCl. Auxintic glands also have intracromophen like cells which secrete histamine. As opposed to auxintic glands, pyloric glands have different cells at the base of the glands. These are G cells and D cells. G cells secrete gastrin while D cells secrete somatostatic. These different secretions from auxintic glands and pyloric glands have different functions. So it is important to know these cells and their secretions and we'll see later that how these secretions are important for regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid.


And then, Robert Singler, who many of you know, is the Director-General of EERY, the International Rice Research Institute, which is part of one of the flagship centres of CGAIR, the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research, which this year is marking its 50th anniversary for taken cutting-edge agricultural research and improved crop and production technologies through to the farm, at all levels internationally. A plant specialist in his own right with experience in the Congo and the Burundi, he's also worked and led programs with CGAIR Ciat in Colombia prior to leading EERY, which, as many of you know, is headquartered in the Philippines. For a long time happened this. Well, absolutely. I think when we look at your question of what has changed, I think the first thing that comes to my mind is what has not changed. That is that we still have the vast majority of the world's rice being supplied by very small farmers. We have 200 million rice farms in Asia alone. Now, in terms of what has been changing, I think this is extremely exciting from a research institute perspective. And that is we're seeing farmers having access to tools of communication, unlike they've ever had before. We've heard a number of speakers over the last couple of days repeatedly bring up the prevalence of cell phone technology. And I think that means of communication is something that will completely revolutionize small order production at a global level. We look at, we've heard a lot about seed production and how new seeds can revolutionize production systems around the world. Jeff Rakes mentioned some of our flood tolerant rice that's going out. But I think we have an opportunity now to see the whole way that rice farming and by extension other small holder agriculture is being managed to be changed. We see today technology that we're rolling out that will allow farmers to get real time information about what is the best fertilizer to apply on their fields, at what time and what populations. It's only a small step to then see how that with that information they can have access to credit and again credit coming through a cell phone. That access to credit will crack one of the most difficult nuts in development that we've had in developing countries over the past decades. Going beyond that the crop modeling, geographical information systems that are coming together that can be used in a real time way allow us to begin to imagine a crop insurance program that would allow farmers to participate in the credit markets in a way that would give them a level of power and decision making they haven't enjoyed before. And of course participating in markets in a way that they are have not traditionally been able to participate. That is empowering them with the price information that Mr. Page talked about. So I think that when we look at how things are changing for small holders around the world, I think we're on the tip of a revolution that we're just beginning to appreciate. We've heard a mantra over the last 20 years or so that the private sector can do everything. But the private sector can do an awful lot. But one of the things that it's not particularly good at is a lot of the innovative research that is pre-competitive. It actually goes out to creating a platform upon which new technologies, new products are built. I think we have to keep in mind that without a vibrant public sector research dimension to our whole overall food security strategy over the long run, we're going to run into trouble. Phil Pardee here at the University of Minnesota has done some outstanding work that's shown that a reduction, a dramatic reduction in investment in public sector research will show up as a drying up pipeline after only about 15 years. So you can have a short-term cut in public spending and research and not see the consequences of that for a decade or more, which is a very dangerous scenario when you put that sort of thing in the hands of politicians. Now I think, now having said that, there is a very important role for the private sector. This is someone who spent his entire life in the public sector. I'm seeing more and more that there is going to be a much more positive contribution by the private sector in its relationship with the public sector. I think there is a much more mature relationship that allows us now to enter into the kinds of partnerships that were unthinkable 10 or 15 years ago. Before Al Gore's movie came out, An Inconvenient Truth, I used to talk about a convenient convergence of this nexus of food security and climate change. And that is basically that addressing, and I think one of our speakers this morning alluded to this, that when you address the challenges that small holders, particularly rice farmers are facing, drought, floods, seawater intrusion, etc., that are becoming more of a concern because of climate change, you also address the needs that are directly affecting or challenges that are directly affecting farmers today. So I think it's not an either or kind of thing. And likewise when you look at the challenges of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impact of agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions, managed properly, economically, should be very attractive to farmers economically. So I think that by applying ourselves and looking at the challenges from the perspectives both of the farmers needs today, the needs of the environment tomorrow, and the challenges that we'll be facing farmers in the future, we have an opportunity to develop multiple wind solutions and multiple wind scenarios. And I'm extremely sympathetic with the European farmer who is instead of being allowed to take the best of technology and aggressively meet the demands of society, that same society is placing constraints on the farmers. And I hope that that doesn't happen in developing countries. My place is the flood-prone area. What is the research work on GM rice in Guinea? Since we have a variety of problems like biotic and symbiotic stress, we need saline, blood-toned, drought-toned variety, and other biotic-best disease and root problem, also things we need. Is there any research work going on in Guinea? Yes, in a word, yes, in precisely the areas you outlined, vast majority of that work uses tools of biotechnology, particularly marker-assisted selection. Very little of it, if any, is involving the use of transgenic or GMOs. We are moving these materials with our partners across Asia, in particular in South Asia and India, through various state governments, universities, and we are seeing them actually move into farmers' fields. In Tamil Nadu, looking at the partnership with the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, we expect to have these materials moving out and benefiting yourself and your colleagues in the rice fields over the next several years. Golden rice project? Golden rice is in its final stages. As we speak, it is being field-tested. We have transferred the pro-vitamin A capacity to the background of varieties that farmers know and like, for example, IR64, that you'll be sure you're familiar with. That's grown by many farmers in India, equally popular varieties in Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Philippines. An extensive network of relationships that we've built up over the last 50 years with civil society, NGOs, national research systems, and government agencies that allow us to receive a lot of direct feedback from farmers, exactly what they need, what they want, and equally importantly, how technology is working for them and how it's not working. I think that relationship has allowed us to guide the development of next-generation technologies. We started our agricultural development program. We announced a package of six grants. They totaled just over $300 million, and they were designed to help more than 5 million poor farming families in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia improve their lives. These grants span the agricultural value chain, much like what I described in our work with Heifer International in the East African Dairy Project, and they amount to a test case of our strategy. And I invite all of you to look at the foundation's website where we are tracking the progress of these grants. Two years in, these grants are having a direct impact on hundreds of thousands of farm families and are on track to reach their goals. And I want to give you just one example. We gave a grant to the International Rice Research Institute to develop a variety of rice that can tolerate submergence so that rice farmers aren't wiped out by floods. There you can see on the, just look at that, there you can see on the right-hand side the so-called sub-1 variety of rice that tolerates submergence next to the rice on the other side that you can't see because it has died underneath the water. Now by the end of this year, more than 400,000 farmers will be planting this variety. And by 2017, we projected 20 million farmers will benefit from it. And that is tangible progress. Smaller bolder in sustainability, sustainable agriculture, one of the very important methods by which they could ensure sustainability of agriculture was by genetic heterogeneity, bringing a number of varieties, mixed cropping, large number of varieties grown, what we now call land races, over 150,000 land races of rice varieties are available, and of them more than 100,000 are in the chain bank of the International Rice Research Institute. Farmers have always valued diversity, they are the great consumers. In the broad world of biodiversity, if you take agro-biodiversity, economically important crops and so on, agro-diversity is the product of interaction. Between biodiversity and cultural diversity on one hand, and biodiversity and culinary diversity on the other hand, the way in which we use the grains, the very lot. The second recipient of this year's Elaine Simoneak Intern Award is from Mount Vernon, Iowa. She completed her summer internship at the International Rice Research Institute in Bosporus, Philippines, and attends St. Olaf College. Ladies and gentlemen, please congratulate Lauren Schefter.


What are the key query and value vectors in Transformers? We have some word vectors, but the Transformer encoders goal is to create better word vectors that understand context. And so every word will be represented with three vectors, a query vector, which represents what am I looking for a key vector, which represents what I can offer and a value vector, which is what I actually offer. Every word has some query vector, which is what it is looking for. And it'll compare itself to every key of every word. This is represented by the product of query and key. We scale this to get stable values, add a mask, if working with the decoder to prevent us from looking at data into the future. And then we'll softmax these values to ensure that we have a probability distribution. This will be our attention vector, and it's basically a transformation. We can apply this transformation to the value vector to get a new value vector, which is just better at understanding context.


13 riders and a reminder Max Frig, Ty Woffin and Bartosz-Smarzlik they will get what they're given basically they go into a ballot because they're not here this man going out now is the Slovenian Mati Segar into his first lap but he will hug that inside I'm absolutely certain he would have had plenty of feedback after that first seven riders fresh track could be a good time very good time I'd like to think he'll pick up a good one here we have 13-1 goes top 13-1 fastest time of the day that's quicker than earlier on Nigel terrific effort from Segar again hugging the inside you see what the second lap produces again kicking off that last corner 13-3 again he knows now he's pulled out of it pulled out of it he feels that that's it the job's done doesn't need to do any more it's showtime it's showtime now from Segar but Segar producing a stunning opening lap there Nigel a 13-1 and he's just going to now show both for the remainder of the time he's got on the clock but that first lap around the inside a tremendous effort from him on a fresh tyre on a fresh track well there you go so Mati Segar goes top with his first lap of qualifying well so did Doyle Nigel that was his first lap as well with a 13 a 10th and a bit faster than the rest