Good morning. It's Greg and Betsy.  How are you guys doing? We're doing fine. How are you, Megs? I'm good. Even though I live in Canada, I got to eat turkey again on Thursday. Double Thanksgiving. And you, Betsy, did you have turkey? I did not. I had a weird Thanksgiving. I got my COVID booster the night before. So I just kind of lay on the couch and just, which was blissful. You didn't watch football? I did not. No. I did some genealogy. I did some wiki treatment. I laid on a recliner, ate turkey and watched football. Morning, everybody. Christine Miller won the boopy prize for this morning, whatever prize it is. Oh, yes. Yeah, Brian. You guys were like, right back to back coming in the door. Jory Jordan's here. Christine Miller has an interesting thing. She's been working all night on a space page for the ship. Her grandfather served on during World War II. Thank you. And I think she should throw up the space page if she wants to share it with us and let's look at it. I have space pages for the ships my grandfather served on. So that was fun. So everybody's here. Judy's here. Chris Ferriela, Jory Jordan. Steve. Nalli Hill. Sometimes we don't know who you are. Nalli Hill. Lauren is here. June Budka. Happy Thanksgiving, June. We're glad to see you're up and about or maybe not up and about, but you're definitely here this morning. That's good to see. Yay. So we'll get started with some interesting. Is everybody thankful today? Very thankful. Very thankful. Thank you. The Wiki tree question of the week that I went and posted is how was researching your family history? How has that made you thankful? We didn't have a lot of people answering because people were eating turkey or at the Black Friday sale. So we only had 11 answers, but still 11 answers is worth those upvotes. Please do that. Also upvote our video, please down there. And I can, I could read each one of these for you, but I can also put in a synopsis. People were thankful for medical advances. That seems to be the biggest crux of what we were talking about. Like seeing the struggles and hardships of many of my ancestors had to live through maybe thankful that I am even alive today.  The perseverance they showed to carry on when life was sometimes at its toughest amazes me. Like the number of babies lost to mothers hits my heart as I take bereavement portraits of stillborn babies. And I can't imagine that many of the women in our families lost two or more babies in their lifetime. Shonda Feather, you're actually taking pictures. You're doing portraits now. I did. I saw that and I was like, oh my gosh, that's a heart wrenching job to have. If that's true. Answered non answered questions in a research. So medical stuff. Thankful. I broke through my brick walls from Eric Weddington. Eric here this morning. I haven't seen him yet. Yeah. Yeah. Look at Brian saying that same thing was max. I don't know how I would have survived. I, I'm not bungee jumping off of the house. I didn't do that as a kid. I did jump off the front porch when I was a tiny person into a snow bank in the early 60s. That did not make people happy. Um, let's see. And, uh, so thankful of uncovering mysteries. Thankful for family members who shared items and photos. That was another big thing in our question of the week was people who were thankful for their family historians. I'm thankful for mine. If it hadn't been for my grandmother and my other grandmother, I wouldn't be into family history. And I also have to mention my distant cousin, Hellen Hunt, or we used to call her honey hunt, who gave me in high school, the original family history that really sent me down the path of trying to document stuff. My grandmother got me started at birth, but honey hunt really incentivized my wanting to do it. Um, and people are thankful for a wiki tree because now everything's in one place. Yes. One family tree. That's great. Um, Sarah Martin says she's thankful for. Coming from a family of genealogists, his story tellers, the same thing, the same vein that we were talking about. I feel like I, I know a lot of my ancestors personally, which is interesting. When you do research on family members, deep research, you're looking at census records that say, you know, this person did this. They, they worked here. They made this much. They had these children. You're learning about your family when you're doing research. Uh, Kevin sweet says my second great grandfather was a convict transported from England to Australia. He survived that tribulation, settled down, had several children and died at the age of 72. I knew nothing of him as well as other members of my past family. So I'm thankful to him and others for they went through so I can live my life in some sort of comfort today. So again, giving thanks for having family that did the struggling for you already get you to where you are today. And on Sharky says, having discovered that my great grandmother died as a result of a ruptured uterus in 1865 in rural Ireland. I'm so thankful the access I have to quality healthcare. Going back to that first one that we had mentioned earlier, then Lou Ann Terry says, I see the hardworking members of my family grateful for their stories, input and humor growing up thankful for humor. I, yeah, literally my my cousin, Alan, uh, Alan, we, we got your, your uncle Earl, an axe for, for Christmas. Don't tell him. Okay. Just don't tell him. Just don't say anything. Alan, the whole way walking up the door to the front door of my grandparents house. Say anything, Alan. He's saying this to himself. Don't say anything, Alan. He walks the door. He sees Uncle Earl and he says, Oh, we got you an axe. Yeah, we like humor in our family. Sorry, Alan. I had to tell it. Oh, Ken Parman says that he's thankful for all those who came before and discovered things and have all the things I have yet to discover vaguely aware of my great grandmother and most of her first cousins. When I started this journey and I never thought that it would go beyond that small group. Since I started this about 10 years ago, I have found that every family has a story and that every family story is just a small piece of the puzzle of what life really is. Everyone descends from those that lived hundreds or even thousands of years ago. And we just weren't hatched or crawled out from under a rock. It's so imagining your, your origins, figuring out your origins from Ken. Mary and Saruti always has something interesting to say. Many of the reasons to be thankful come to mind when researching one's ancestry. I'm thankful that modern medicine has been able to treat diseases from which my family suffered with no effective treatment. I'm thankful that I did not pass away as an infant again, but medicine. And I think thank God and my ancestors survived many difficult challenges so I could be here. So the rest of the questions really touch on that. I'm thankful that my ancestors survived. I'm thankful for that medicine and I'm thankful for family. So there we go. Those are the things that people have thankful for. Oh, Betsy. Betsy, yeah, I was going to say you're not going to stop before you're reading Betsy's, are you? I got to read Betsy's. Betsy, you want to read yours? Well, basically it's too small for my eyes. I feel warm gratitude for the connections that family history research has fostered for me with extended family, especially in the range of second to fourth cousins. Sometimes these relationships remain virtual through emails and social media, but in other cases I've been able to spend time with and get to know my cousins. This feels like a real treasure. I also recently realized that a cousin's wife was extremely interested in our family history when she offered to help me translate characters of our family in. Jaapu. Jaapu is an Asian family tree. Okay, there we go. Discovering this shared interest. Look at that. We learned something already. Discovering this shared interest added a whole new layer of richness to our relationship. So that's it for the question of the week. I'm going to move on. Look, you have to have an extra 10 minutes, Greg. Oh, great. Wow. Well, I want to know what's the difference between an Asian family tree and the kind of family tree that we would do? Oh, I can't wait to hear this because I know the difference between the two. All I know is I was presented with two massive, like two feet by three feet I was given all in characters of 10 generations of coes. Wow. And so basically it's by your surname.  Oh. You are still listed on your family's family family. Yeah. But nothing carries through none of your descendants are on your right. Exactly. I think the biggest distinction is that it is something that has been written down forever. The Asian family trees are like what she said. They're humongous. Wow. Yeah. There's no wiki tree out for that yet. Right. I don't know how you would even begin. It's a project that's going to take a long time to extract everything. The other thing is it's not like logically laid out. It seems that they put the seventh generation. Oh, we have a little room over here. So we're just going to put them there. And so you really need to. Just speaking from the one that I have in front of me. Yeah. Yeah. That's, um, that's, um, uh, a mystery inside of a mystery inside of me. Like a little puzzle. Of a chicken inside of a turkey inside. Yeah. Oh, wow. Okay.  Well, uh, so over to me, eh? Great. So here we, uh, welcome to another segment of, uh, Canadian learns about American history. So the question of the week is which may flower. Let me just get my cursor over there. That's not our passenger. Are you most closely connected to. So, um, I mean. I know about the, the Mayflower came over and, uh, with the pilgrims and your first Thanksgiving was based on, on those. Wait, wait. Yeah. What are you doing? What? I just, you said question of the week. I just wanted to make sure that you're, you're talking about the week. It's profile. It is the profile. Did you eat too much turkey? I didn't have any turkey on Thursday. I had my Canadian Thanksgiving back in October when it was supposed to be. When it was supposed to be, go ahead. Well, I, because the very first Thanksgiving in October, and it was in October in 1621, I learned that fact. Oh really? Yes, it was. Huh. So yeah. Okay. Go ahead. I'm sorry. No, that's good. Is the profile of the week? Yes. But it's, it's phrased as a question. So that's why I said question. Okay. So which Mayflower passenger you most closely connected to? So one of the cool things about this post is it tells you, I mean, if you click on the Mayflower category, I don't know if you've noted, if you've done this before, but it brings up the list of, actually, it brings up a list of all the people who are, who have their wiki tree profiles connected to that category, which is a fair number of them. These are not all of the profiles of the week. We don't have that many profiles. So you don't have to worry about me going that much over time. But then, then you click on the little my connections there. And since that button has been added earlier this year, it's very cool because then you can see the ones that are, the ones at the top that are ancestors and cousins are ones who are actually directly related to you. Though you can see that for me, the closest Canadian, the closest one I have is Agnes, who is my 12th cousin, 15 times removed. So that's a pretty distant relationship. So our common ancestor is Eleanor of Provence, who actually, if you go, you go down here, you said that we actually have 104 common ancestors. And Eleanor's husband, was Henry the third. So we are descended from royalty, but we are related through that same line. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, so many people are through that line. Right. We're talking about the connections. So looking on your list, your, your closest is Edward Doty. Yeah. At 15 degrees. Miss Betsy, you are 15 degrees. No, 14 degrees from George soul. That's your closest. And my closest is 14 degrees from John Howland. So that's interesting.   You Americans. You Americans. Well, I mean, I have no American. Direct ancestors, but you and I, and Betsy, I'm not sure about your family. If you have ties to Ireland and Scotland and that. Yes. Yes. So that's what, that's what does it. In Ireland. That's right. So my closest one that you write is Edward. Do I have him here? There he is. Yeah. And you can see that the color changes only. Well, the twice, right? So there's one, a marriage in between. So I figured it out. That's what I'm talking about. Eighth times great grandfather's sister in laws, brother in law was Edward's father. My closest to John Howland is only by one marriage. And that's through my Wellburn line, which is the line I share with Barack Obama. Cool. Very neat. He and I actually share the same. Grandparent that connects to John Howland. So here we go. So the first profile, the feature profile of the week was John Alden. Born about 1598 in England. On wiki tree. Oh, Mormon connection. Interesting story. On wiki tree. It doesn't identify the father and the mother. And that's explained because. There is some confusion about his origins. And so as the wiki tree policies, if there's competing theories and there is no clear winner or, you know, definitive, definitive one, then the, instead of adding false parents or parents who may be false to a profile, you put the details on the biography and what the people who put this profile together or group that worked on this, they've actually created a whole space page. All about the possible parentage possibilities, which is quite good. Impressive.  He was a Cooper, which means a barrel maker. Very important when you're transporting wine from. Go reach beyond Betsy and grab one. Better at it. So we know he was a Cooper and he was on the Mayflower, but we don't know for sure his parents, but there's some, some theories here, which is very cool. So I recommend you check out our project has really done an extensive good job on there. Like all of these profiles are so impressive. It's really very cool. And what do we have any idea what the background is a map of an old map of that's a good question. One of the images. It's an old map of Massachusetts. Yeah. Brigham came can't. Yeah. So, uh, yeah. So he was one of the passengers. He was the Cooper. He was granted land. Um, one of the original signers of the Mayflower compact. So even though there was 101 passengers on the ship, only 41 signed the actual compact. Um, and there's an image of the compact, right? Is this the compact here? No, that's not the compact. Uh, one of the profiles later on has the compact itself, which is basically sort of their, like, uh, I would wreck equated sort of like a mini constitution.  Uh, in accordance with, um, they do reference the king. So they're, um, they're still living under the king, king's law isms at that time and whatnot. Um, so that was kind of neat. Uh, so then all of these profiles are very, um, very fulsome. So I'm not going to go into any of those details. I'm going to try and just sort of hit some of the interesting things I found out about them and their connection to the Mayflower itself. So I'm going to move on. He lived a long life. 89. Yeah. Yeah. For that time. For that time that was pretty impressive. Yeah. Yeah. Oh, there is one. Yes. There is one interesting story about him. So he's married to Priscilla Mullins. And they got married in 1622. So after they arrived, so 1620, uh, actually remembrance day November 11th, 1620 was the day that the Mayflower landed apparently. Um, uh, and then, uh, and the carver, I think was the, the governor at the time. Um, but then, uh, who was it? So the next, um, then someone, the next governor, because after the first governor died that winter, like many of the, many of the original passengers, I didn't survive that very first winter in Plymouth. Um, which I didn't realize, but now I know. Um, and the second governor, uh, the story goes, the second governor asked John to propose to Priscilla, but, but while he was making this, um, proposal, Priscilla says, why don't you speak for yourself? Because John himself was also smitten with Priscilla. So she encouraged him to speak for himself. And so he actually proposed to her and eventually got married in 1622 it was. So that's kind of neat. And then there's actually a little statuette that made up, made up of, uh, to detail that moment. So that's kind of, I thought that was a cute, cute little story. Um, the next one. So governor William Bradford, he's the one, he was the second governor after the first one, John Carver, uh, passed away. Um, but not only is his second governor, he also was the fifth, the seventh, the ninth and the 11th governor of the, of the, because they, they elected the governor and I guess, they went back and forth. Um, and you can see because of this nice, um, uh, is this a sticker or a template? Might be a template, I guess. Template, I think. Yeah. Um, I, I love these templates when they show, you know, like offices and, you know, who proceeded and who, who succeeded and that sort of stuff. I've never seen one this fulsome before because of someone going back and forth, but apparently in the years, he wasn't elected as governor. He was the assistant governor. He was always sort of the one in charge. And after a while, you didn't have a lot of people to choose from. That's true. Yeah. Well, yeah. And with that type of experience, why would you, you wouldn't throw away that experience unless you did a rotten job. Right. So, um, he, he, we do know his parents, um, actually a number of his family members. Um, he was married twice. And there's an interesting connection here. So his first wife, um, so remember, I said they, they landed in on November 11th in, um, 1620. She died on the 7th of December of 1620. And, uh, where does it sit? Oh, so I opened up her profile. She died on the, um, 7th of December in the harbor. She actually fell off the ship. She was on the Mayflower. She fell off it and drowned. Isn't that sad? That's very sad. Very sad. How old was she? She was only 23. Oh. So they had gotten married in Amsterdam. And then they came over. Um, and yeah, and she, she died in the harbor. So she had been here not even a month. And when she died tragically, but there's a, there's an interesting family connection. The town she was grown in, she was born in. The town she was grown in. Oh my, I'm trying to, I'm trying to give Betsy lots of time. So I'm trying to go through this fast. I know my own faults about going on and on. It's okay. There are 14, 15 photos. So I left out because I didn't have a lot. So I don't have to get tongue tied today. Yeah, that's right. So whizbeck, uh, Cambridgeshire, Is that one of the town is a town for one of my, is one of my family lines, the overlands, which would be my, my biological paternal grandmother's family goes all the way back to that. And in fact, just a couple of weeks ago, I made contact with an overland who was a DNA, who was a DNA relative. and a relative turns out we're like fifth cousins from each other and he still lives in Wisbeck or he was born in Wisbeck. He lives just outside of it now. But I've never seen that town ever before on a wiki tree profile except for the ones that I created. So maybe if we go far enough back, I'm related to Dorothy. Discoveries. Yes. Is there a Wisbeck category? Oh, categories. Wisbeck, there is. I should add my relatives to that then. Look at all of these people, Greg. Look at all these people. Okay, over there. Look at what Greg just discovered. Oh my goodness, I can't, it looks, oh. Okay, so Greg, we just lost Greg. There's no overland. Beth, do you want to take over? No, no, no, no. Sorry. We digress. Oh my Lord. Back to Governor William Bradford. Who are we talking about? Yeah, I know. What was the topic? Oh no. We love rabbit holes on a wiki tree. Oh yeah, Chris is blaming it on my coffee. Hey, hey, check out Hilary's comment, Greg. Oh, Hilary. Here's another rabbit hole for you. Oh, Hilary. Wow. That would be very cool. Man, okay. People are also offering you a little more coffee. More coffee. Here, let me see. Let me try. There we go. Okay. So William was originally a passenger on the Mayflower and then became the governor, baptized in Yorkshire. So he was one of the separatists. So what I learned, and I did not realize, is that of the, how many was it, 101 passengers, some of them came from Holland. So the original pilgrims came over because of religious persecution. They wanted to practice differently or they felt persecuted there. And the one church, they tried to escape in 1608 and that was thwarted because the captain of the ship that they had paid to transport them turned them over. And then in 1609, they tried to escape again and they were caught by the militia right at the harbor. The men had already boarded the ship but the women and children were still in the pier and so they were separated. The ships sailed to Holland and then the women and children weren't able to follow until the next year. So there was a settlement in Holland of these religious practitioners and William was one of those separatists. And that's why he was over in Holland in Amsterdam to marry his first wife, Dorothy. And there's a few other profiles that are linked to the Holland group. And so when the Mayflower took off, there was a ship that had sailed from Holland to meet the Mayflower in England. Where did they sail from? Was it the Liverpool or I can't remember offhand where it was they sailed out of. And then they sailed to Plymouth. I don't know about the rest of you but I really enjoy this Canadian learning about American history. I'm sure, this is all boring and old hat for you guys. But no, no, no, it's fascinating. No, it's fascinating. And you obviously are very well-prepared, Greg. Your fellow Canadian, Brian is suggesting a little Irish whiskey in your house. Oh, I don't think, Brian, I don't think that's a good idea. I think that's a bad idea. I'd like the idea, but I don't think it's a good idea. Maybe some calylla. Oh, no, I get distracted, I'm getting distracted. Oh, you know what? We have these guys that deliver beer around our neighborhood half a year. And our driveway is a double driveway. And so one of the guys, Pete, I love Pete. I always said, Pete, you need a place to park because we live in the middle of the city, really in the middle of the city. You need a place to park for a few minutes.  So every now and then, he brings me one of those sampler mini bottles. And yesterday he brought me a cream maple liqueur. So I get to try that out. Oh, very cool. Not Irish whiskey, but... Not Irish whiskey. It'll probably sit. I have bottles that he gave me like probably 10 or 15 years ago. Oh, okay. Anyways, the other thing that I learned from this profile, and there's lots of stuff there. And again, I encourage you all to check that out, is I learned a new word today. Well, I learned two new words. And here's one of them, non-coupative, or non-coupative, this word right here. Have you heard? Do you guys know what non-coupative means? Non-ca makes me think of never, right? From Latin? That's, yeah, because you're right. In Spanish, non-ca means never, yeah. But it actually comes from a Latin root. What does it mean? And it's talking about a will. And what it means is a will that is done orally. So a will that's declared orally as opposed to written down.  Ah, interesting. So the last will and testament, non-coupative, of Mr. William Bradford. So it was dictated to, I don't know if it says who it was dictated to. In the Presence of Narrative, Thomas Cushman and Thomas Southworth and Nathania Morton. So I didn't, I mean, it makes sense that if you, if you declare that in front of witnesses that it would be a valid will, but I didn't realize there was an actual word to describe that. So there's a new word for the day, non-coupative. For a minute, I thought you were calling us nincompoops. No, no. A nincompoop is someone who doesn't think to make a will. I don't know. Very good. Nice, nice. Do you like that? Yeah. That's almost me and Sarah doing our connect. Yeah, that's right. Okay. Moving on. Okay, that only took, what, 10 minutes or 15? Yeah, we've been through one. No, we've gone two. Okay, let's see. Let's go on. William Brewster, elder, William Brewster, who was basically the spiritual leader of the colony, grew up in a place which have very cool names, Scrooby. Not Scrooby-do, but Scrooby, not in, Nottinghamshire, England. How do you act a wonder sometimes how these places get names? Yeah, like where's, yeah. Where does that name come from? Like why? But anyways, so he was the only child of his father and his first wife. Oh, look at his children's, his children's name. So he has a son, Jonathan, but then there's a patience, a fear, love, a wrestling. Son wrestling. Oh, Brewster. Brewster, yeah. He was a bad guy, wasn't he? Well, he was an elder. He was the minister. Didn't he get in trouble, though? Hmm, I didn't read that far. There's someone later on who gets in lots of it. But it's a Brewster, because I know one of the descendants of the Brewster line. Okay, so maybe. And it makes sense to me. Oh, yeah. I can't believe he named a daughter fear. I know. Well, I'm wondering if they're all sort of virtues or like, you know, fear of God is a- Okay, so if you go to Ghana, my son spent some time in Ghana studying African drumming. And they named like Glorious, like Sunshine, the names that they chose were just great. So people, that's a part of their life as Sunshine. It's their joy, you know? So I could understand that. So then, there we go here. Let's see. So he was an educated man, went to Cambridge. And then he actually became, he was assistant to the Queen Elizabethan ambassador to the Netherlands. So there's the Holland connection. But the ambassador got into trouble. He was basically used as a scapegoat for the execution of Mary Queen of Scots. So Brewster hightailed it back to England. But of all the people who sailed on the ship, he was the only pilgrim who actually had any involvement with politics or diplomacy, which is interesting. So he was an original member of that separatist congregation, that group in England, remember, that tried to escape. And so here's the details about that. Oh, so it was 1607, I think I said 1608 the last time. They first attempt in 1607, be traded by the captain. And then the second one, which was 1608, the militia interviewed, I said, I talked about that. So then he lived in Holland where he'd met with the other guy we talked about. They set up a printing press and Leiden is the town where all of them had hung out in before they joined the Mayflower. So eventually they come over in the Mayflower and he becomes the spiritual leader of the colony. And then the rest is history. A lot of work on that profile. Yeah, like there's just so much stuff. And let's see, is this one of the ones? No, I'll show you one of the later ones. There's a few things. So here's another one from Holland. He was born in Holland, born before March 31st in Holland. John Cook or John, interesting. I would have thought it might have been Jan or Yen if he was born in Holland, but either way, John is what he became known as when he was in America. He was only 13 years old when they arrived in America. So Speedwell was the boat that took them from Holland to here. What was the other things about him? He eventually did marry and become a full member of the colony, midded as a free man. So I don't know if that, he was a mid as a free man in 1633. I don't know if that meant that he was an indentured servant beforehand. I mean, he was only 13 when he came. So whether that meant he was a servant at that time or just as a minor, that wasn't made clear to me in the profile here, but. And then, so this is interesting. So still working on is this sort of section here, things that people are putting together for the profile and maybe they haven't discerned because there's another John Cook apparently. And so there might be some confusion between the two, though they look like they have made some inroads into their sort of following on one side of the facts, but they, so that's interesting. And here's the other word I learned about is Anabaptist. Do you know what an Anabaptist is? Well, that's a denomination, right? It probably is an actual denomination, but as an adjective, it describes someone who believes that baptism should only happen for adults, adults who already firmly believe as opposed to children who are too young to understand. That was a very, very big Puritan belief that a child wasn't cognizant enough to understand. Yeah. Yeah, so that's, and I guess that's, I mean, that's a pretty huge policy difference for religious leaders. So hence, I guess some of the discrimination. So he eventually, this John actually became a deacon in the Plymouth Church and served as a deputy general and then had some military experience as well. Edward Doty, so here's the one who's closest to me through a sister-in-law's brother-in-law. Sister's first cousins. And his wife had a Clark class name. Probably not my Clarks, but that's okay. So he was born about 1599. And again, I'm not actually sure because there's different sources, of course. And the interesting thing, his surname was not a common one and it appears written in multiple different ways, which happens with many of our surnames, of course, over time, like Douglas has one S or two S's a lot. I see that in my family research, but this one really morphed from Doty, Doten, Doty, Day, Dotton. I mean, the only thing that's common is the D and the T, really. Yeah, I have. Well, not even the T and Day. So, wow. Yeah, I have that name through marriage in my tree. Do you? Yeah, yeah. I thought there was, in family, once it had come to America, somebody named Doty, yeah. Interesting. So he was originally a servant to somebody named Stephen Hopkins. And there was another servant, Edward Leister. Now, Edward's not one of the profiles of the week, but they got into a bit of a tiff and they had a duel. In fact, the only duel that happened in the Plymouth Colony, it was the first duel fought in New England, and it was a duel of battling of, where is it, sword and dagger between the two of these people. They both ended up getting wounded. One got wounded in the hand, the other in the thigh. It doesn't say which one, John, Edward Doty, got what his wound was, but one was in the hand, one was in the thigh. And then they were sentenced or judged by the whole company, I guess, they all, they said, well, these guys have to be punished. And their punishment was to be tied head and feet together for 24 hours without meat or drink. Now, what I'm not sure about this is, does that mean each of them individually, their head was tied to their feet, and so they couldn't move, or their heads were tied together and their feet were tied together so they were sort of forced to coexist side by side for 24 hours.  That's right, so that's what I'm envisioning. But apparently, and maybe also because they also have wounds. After that was inflicted or that punishment was enacted within an hour because of their own great pains and their own and their master's humble request upon promise of better carriage. So they promise to do better. They were released by the governor. So that 24 hours turned out to be only one hour of misery for them. But I thought that was a really funny incident. Well, maybe not funny, but interesting. Not for them. Yeah, not for them. Not for them. But anyways, this Edward Doty.  He was known for his quick temper. He was sued by three different people for disagreements over a trade of hogs. I mean, really? Some pigs? Considering there wasn't a lot of food around, I imagine that would be a big deal. I guess, yes. He was found guilty of slander and fine 50 shillings. Then he was fined for drawing blood in a fight with Josiah's cook, charged with giving up poison drinks. This guy, I mean, he had a pretty shady past. And yet there is a group. There's a pilgrim Edward Doty society in his memory. So, I mean, he must have done something. He must have turned it around somewhere that they're memorializing him as a society. So any listeners who are descendants of Edward Doty, I apologize for smeach, be smirching his name. Sorry. Anyways, moving on. That was a rather colorful one, I thought. John Holland Halland was born in Finstenton, Huntingtonshire, England. Again, he survived nice long, age 75, died in Plymouth, Plymouth, colony. Son of Henry Halland, and let's see. He was one of the two man's servants of Governor Carver. So Governor Carver was the original governor that sailed over and was in charge of the colony. But Carver himself, the governor, didn't last through that very first winter. But before they even got there, his John's life was a little exciting because he almost lost his life by being swept overboard. So there was fierce winds and gales and there's an account here. And there's probably a document that has the original one because you can see the little raised E's are probably Thetas because if you look at the, when we get to the one where it shows the actual Mayflower Compact, they wrote, the way they wrote T, like the word the or thy was they wrote the little Theta, which is like a zero with a belt, sort of like. Over top of the E or over top of the Y, one on top of the other. So I think this is the approximation of that, right? So I think that means thus sees so high or thy sees. So anyways, that's interesting. But he was swept overboard, but on the way overboard, he was able to grab hold of one of the lines. And then he was under water. He was sundry fathoms under the water, but he still held on to the rope until the brim of the water and the boat hook and brought him back to the service. And then he was hauled back in by some means, anyways, by rope and the boat hook and stuff. So that would be a rather harrowing adventure. Yeah. But he survived, married in 1623 to a fellow passenger, Elizabeth Tilly. And Elizabeth Tilly was the only surviving member of her family. The rest of her family died in that first winter. Wow. So that's kind of sad, but you know, at least she married and she passed away in 1867. So she had a nice long life and they had 10 children together. This is many of the profiles have the information done in prose. So it makes for a nice interesting reading and stuff. This one sets it out date by date, which normally sort of is a little, that bulleted sort of can be a little jarring sometimes, but I really appreciate that because that really sort of gives you a sense of the time and what's going on. And especially when you're reading all the other ones that are in prose, this sort of clarifies that. So it's kind of nice to have that mix of styles, which is one of the advantages of wiki tree, right? That everyone can create their profile in whatever form makes most sense for that profile person or the project. So neat stuff. And is he... So here's one of the things that I noticed. So many of these profiles also note the DNA results and the haplo groups. So a lot of them have done... And that's new. The Mayflower, they've just started taking information about DNA just recently. Oh, that's recent day. Okay. So I thought that's really cool that they go... I mean, going that far back, 1600, autosomal DNA, you couldn't prove anything with that, right? Cause that's too many generations back for autosomal testing. You can only confirm with DNA anyway, so. Yeah, yeah. But what's the limit, Meg? Is it like five? 64 fourth grade grandparents is about how far back autosomal DNA goes. Sometimes a little bit further, sometimes a little bit less. If you're from a highly endogamous community, like the Jewish community or you're in an area where there's not a lot of people like the Mayflower, there's a lot of intermarrying. So the endogamy makes those numbers blow up and you can go back sometimes further generations because of that. But the Y DNA and the mitochondrial DNA, those are easier to pinpoint, right? Yeah, and because we live in a patriarchal society doing the Y DNA and following that paternal line like the paternal line in Betsy's family line. Yeah, where we take the husband's name or well, not so much so in Canada, but in a lot of places. Then we have Christopher Jones, master Christopher Jones. I believe to have been born in the Harwich Essex. This one, he does have a parent. And Mary twice. Let's see what was, lots of shows. So this is one of those ones. So this one, this profile is really neat. This one gives lots of information and information about not just specifically about him but about the places he's been. Like, so there, this whole section here about Harwich talks about the town that he was from and how it was managed by a company of mariners and shipwrights who enforced harsh discipline. And so that's why, because of this harsh discipline, that's why there was sort of that break in the religion, right? And so he was interesting. So as Christopher, he became, I think he was a Burgess. So he was an upstanding citizen but he wasn't upstanding enough because in, where was it here? Yes, in 1605, he was accused for keeping hunting dogs which wasn't allowed unless you were classified as a gentleman. If you weren't a gentleman, you weren't allowed to have hunting dogs. So apparently he had prospered but not enough to reach that class of gentlemen. So really interesting stuff. But anyways, he joined the, his ship is called so he was one of the part owners of the ship. I think is the bottom line. That's his connection. He did not actually sale, if I'm correct here. So there's a lot about the Mayflower and whatnot. Yeah, so he was a master and part owner of the ship. So he did not come over to the colony but because he was a part owner, that got him in the group. Henry Sampson's born in 1604. Okay, so a few cool math facts about this guy born 15th of January, just one day before me and exactly 360 years before me. Wow. So you know how many degrees there are in a circle? Yeah. You could say that we've come full circle to this profile. Okie dokie then. Greg, you and my mother have a birthday one day apart. She's January 16th. Yeah. And Greg, you and I have nothing in common. We know that. Except Henry the third. Henry the third, Henry the third. Yeah. Anyways, so we digress again. Really? So he was only 16 years old when he sailed on the Mayflower and he received one acre of land in 1623. And he was interesting. He was the fifth person in the fifth company of Mr. William Brewster. So that's kind of cool, five and five. Then he, so he became a free man in 1633. The same year as the other person we just talked about. Volunteered to join in the fighting of the in the militia and stuff. So eventually acquired land and had children and stuff. So there we go. But, and he has another really big write up about his DNA results. Previous wife's SCR testing. So. We have a guy on a wiki tree who, and I can't think of his name off the top of my head, but he has done the DNA project for the Mayflower project since its inception and has helped with the guy who originally did it. And he, since they had lost their ability to have all of that information on a website, he has taken all of the Mayflower DNA project information and has added it now to wiki tree because they needed a place to put the lineages and stuff like that. So I think that a lot of this information that we're seeing is his work with the project to get that DNA information up. Whether he added it to those profiles, I don't know, but I think that it was his work behind the impetus to get some of that stuff because he has been working with that DNA project and getting those DNA pages over to wiki tree has been a big, big, great thing on wiki tree. A lot of people are doing that. That's huge. That's great. In the north of Ireland, they do all their work on wiki tree. I love it. That's fantastic. Malcolm Mcdowell and Annie Johnson. That's great. So here's the blow up of the Mayflower Compact. Actually, I don't think this is the original one. This is one of the copies because I think the original one was lost if I read the profiles correctly, but this is one of the originals. And so you see there what I was talking about, the sort of little theta above the Y and then a theta above. Where's that? There's a theta above an E somewhere or two, but very interesting. Still easier to read than some French, Canadian and Italian documents though. You kidding me? Moving on, we have Miles Standish. So my wife asked me, have you prepared for your live cast yesterday? She asked, have you, it's about the pilgrims. I think either Miles Standish or John Smith might show up in the list. I don't know for sure. So I got Miles. John Smith was not here. Was he later? I don't know. John Smith was Jamestown. Jamestown, okay, there you go. So, Miles Standish, one name I did know of, captain of the ship. The commander of the Plymouth colony, protective forces throughout his life, having traveled to the colony upon them like, oh, so does that mean he wasn't the captain of the ship, or he's only captain because of the militia? He arrived upon the Mayflower, hired as the military commander and defender of the Plymouth colony, joined by his wife, who died shortly after. That's very sad.  Let's just look at them. Married, rose, January 1621. So she died that winter, yeah. Cause they arrived November 1620. So January 21 would be that winter, yeah. Another one, many ones was lost. And then getting on a ship, going somewhere, landing, and not having enough provisions to survive. Yeah. And having to trust the people there to help you through. Yeah. Yeah. And there it is. His first wife died in the first sickness and married again in half four sons, living in Sarget. And then the last profile is Elizabeth Barker-Winslow. And she's a notable passenger from the Mayflower and the first wife of Governor Edward Winslow. Proof of her English origins is recently published. And so she was between 1615 and 18, she moved to Leiden, that means I think she moved to Holland and she joined that separatist congregation that we talked about earlier. And then married Edward Winslow. And then they traveled. She traveled in the Mayflower with her husband. But she was among those who died during that first winter. And her husband remarried. There you go. And that's it. And I've left you a whole five minutes. That's it. Welcome, Greg. Okay. So that's what happens when you put a Canadian in charge of American history. Ah, because you spend so much time learning about it while you're telling us about it. And that's just wonderful. You're very kind. It is. Okay. Can you all see my screen or no? Not yet. I got it. There you go. There, okay. Great. And is it big enough? Yep.  So do controls, what? Control plus. Yep. There you go. Nice. Are you on Apple? Yeah. I am. I am. All right. Well, our first one from Connie Mack is bittersweet. This is her son, Nicholas Oliver Willard, who died at 30. But what an angelic picture. Yeah, even with his hands, somebody posed him, right? 12 hours old. Beautiful. And then Alexis Nelson gave us this picture of her mother on Thanksgiving day wearing a coat that her father had given her. We have seen that coat in that picture before. I love it. Yeah. Beautiful.  And then Pat Miller gave us this 1953 Thanksgiving photo.  And they, I guess Pat is from Canada. She said, we usually drove down from Canada. Ah, nice. Nice. This is a cool one. 1942 Thanksgiving, contributed by Bill Sims. And he asked, why, why just women? And- 1942. Yeah, they were all the way doing war things. Yeah. Great. Yeah. Don't forget to upload these picture posts, too, people. Yes. Yes. And I love how he lists them all out with birth dates and they're really nice. My great aunt. I love it. Here is Robin Charles, Aunt Lois, who encouraged Robin in genealogy. Nice. So, I love this one. This is from Dieter. And, oh, I, the, he titled it in German. My grandmother and my grandfather in the Kleine Stube, the little room, which sounds like the cozy place where you want to be. He explained that there's the Kleine Stube with a little room versus the Gütte Stube, the living room, which was only used and for formal I.K. writings. So Dieter is his brother Axel. And there's- You know, Betsy? Yeah.  But these are photos from a while ago. And the photos, I'm going to put it up for you so you can see it. This is the last one. This is last year's? A couple of years ago, I believe. So here is this year's. Oh, no. That's okay. That's all right. Blame it on me. I distracted everyone and took too much time. Well, this is Matt Miller from, let me give you the link in our private chat here and you can jump over to it. Okay. Or I'm going to just post it and you can grab it from the chat. Yep. Meg, is it time for our public service announcement again that this broadcast will go longer than one hour? Yeah. There you go. Can you grab that out of the chat? No, I can't. Because every time I hover over it. It's not, I'll send it to you through messenger just real quick here. Okay. Okay. There you go. Tap it. Tap it. On the root spot that we had not in the private chat, sorry. Here, I'll put it in the private chat too. I got it. I got it. Sorry folks. Sorry folks. I thought they looked really familiar, all those pictures. Okay. Well, then I am sorry to say that I will not, okay, now I'm on. Did it open another page? Let me. You need to open up that. There you go, and reshare. And reshare. Well, now I will not have read everybody's comments, so I can't. Public service announcement, this livecast will really go over. And whose fault is that? Okay, friends. Guilty. I would still not, why is it not sharing? Share this tab instead. Okay. There you go. Yes. Oh, really? Okay. Blow it up there for us a bit. Thank you for the applause. Okay. So Pat Miller's photo. A spin, this is of her great aunt, Francis. 1905. Yeah. Spencer's school teacher who raised her late sister's children. Fifth, fourth from left. One, two, three. So there is her great aunt, Francis. Nice. The one in the hat. No, one, I think one, two, three, four. The one next to the lady in the hat. Aha. Yeah. She's the fourth from either direction. Isn't she? One, two, three. Yeah. True. Stop mouthing. So it's a symmetrical picture. Very nice. Let's see. This is from John Vaskey. Very nice and colorful. Oh, look at that. Not even a month old. The cornhole tournament. What is a cornhole tournament? Does anyone know?  Wow. So there's a hole in the wood and you have to get it through, right? Right. It's sort of like a carnival game, isn't it? Yeah. Like a ring toss sort of thing? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, we, at every year at our Yarker camp out, we play that. And they raised a little over a thousand dollars. The mic. Yeah. 1978 Thanksgiving in Oklahoma. Five generations. Of Alexis's family, Alexis's husband's family. My in-laws having a credenza looks almost exactly like that. Now who is this from? Mark Williams. Ah, thankful for the family history that his mom did over 30 years. Very cool. Ah, I like the next one. She recorded 23,634 Norwegians, plus their families.  Who is this from? John Thompson. Yay. Look at that cutie. Aww. Aww. Except he knows better in the older picture than to tend to be trying to steal it. Yeah, that's right. He just looks there. He might be stealing, but not on camera. That's all of them, isn't it? I think, yeah. Yeah. Unless the only other possibilities that people posted on the space page. Oh yeah, there's a couple. There's a cutie. Yeah. Oh, neat. Gratitude of my great-grandfathers. There's another one down there. If you click on the images tab at the top, does that get them bigger? Yeah, or you can save you all. Christine, oh, I love old-fashioned scouting uniforms. They're so, they're really cute. Christine Frost. You've seen that, it's Alexis' photo. Oh, that's the new one? Yeah. 1921. That's it. There we go. I love how the people who are doing like question of the week, the photos of the week, I love how everybody was so busy doing turkey that they didn't have time to post all those photos. But I imagine next year, we might have photos from this year, so we'll see. Yes. And fun to see those photos. John, I love that picture of you stealing the turkey bone. We've got a couple of events coming up to wrap up our day. Chris has a post about, what is this? A CC7 of 20,000, who has that? Patty LaPlante has a CC of 20,000. That is crazy, 21,000 now. How does, how does that possible? I don't know. Did Chris actually read about it? I couldn't believe it when I saw it. I thought there must be some mistake. This is truly an astounding number. When we started the CC7s earlier this year, I don't think any of us expected to see a number like this. Back in July, I marveled at Bill Vincent being the 11th person to achieve 10,000. Patty doubles Bill's number. It's nearly 10 times my own number. Many Silva tells me that Patty is really active in the Appalachian project, and we're all intermarried up in there now, and that increasing their CC7s has been a hot topic in their Discord group. How fun is that? That's pretty cool. Got a couple of challenges coming up. Mark Cubans, if you have Eastern European Jewish ancestry, you really need to jump into this one and help out with this information. Because, you know, as I understand it, Mark threw down the gauntlet to us. I heard that. He said, there's no way you will find anything I don't already have. Are you kidding me? Oh, yeah, yeah, I saw that. Come on, let's do it, guys. Them's fighting words. Fighting words, for sure. Do you have any ideas about how we want to celebrate next year's 15th anniversary? Send, join the discussion on G2G for that. And of course, the Robbie Coltrane's stuff was the last challenge. So things that, moving along, just for any of the people that are back here, still here now, oh, and look. Yeah, I don't have a pilgrim hat, but in honor of my friends. I have to turn it so the squash, because there we go. There's a nice Thanksgiving centerpiece for you all. There you go, beautiful. From the Canadian. Yes, the Canadian. Is the snow still in your yard, or is that just white from your side? There's a little bit of snow left, but a lot of it has melted now. Yeah, most of it has melted, too. Want to make a little bit of a forward event schedule for you? We are going to be having no livecast on December the 24th, because we are going to be helping Santa, especially Greg and I up here in the North. That's right. We'll be working hard on that. So December the 24th, we won't be here, but January 1st, you are going to see all of us. New Year's Eve.  We're going to have drinking games. We're going to be wearing funny hats and noisemakers. And we're going to be having giveaways all through the livecast. So make sure you hang out with us on the 31st. And hopefully we'll be able to make it through the livecast without anybody falling out of their chair. But no promises. But what? But no promises. No promises, absolutely none, but it's still going to be family friendly. It will be a family friendly event. Yes, there will just be just like any family that will be one drunk uncle and it'll be Greg. So that is your livecast for today. We hope that you guys have a great week and we'll see you next week. See you in December. December. Yeah, you'll see me as well. I have a talk next week, but it's late. Bye. Bye.


Welcome to Computer Science 20. All the material in this course will be available through Canvas. You can get to Canvas from the evc.edu site by clicking Canvas in the Quick Links, then clicking the link next to Go to the Canvas site at. You may want to bookmark the login page to make it easier to access. Follow the login instructions that you find on that page. I've logged into Canvas and then selected that course and then viewing it as a student. Let's take a look at the detailed course syllabus. First, the best way to contact me is via email. I am on campus occasionally, but will also set up video conferences via Zoom so that you can contact me online. You can read the course description and student learning outcomes on your own. We're using an all interactive book, How to Think Like a Computer Scientist. One of the nicest features of the book is that you can run the code samples in the book and modify them to test out your programming ideas. So, for example, here's a small program. I can run it and see the results right away. There are quite a few programming assignments in this course. Assignments will be graded on functionality. If a program doesn't work, nothing else matters. There are different levels of not working, ranging from minor errors to catastrophic failure, and grading will range accordingly. Organization. Does it look as if the program were planned in advance or just thrown together? Readability. That includes proper use of naming and indentation. For example, if you have a program that calculates discounts, using a variable name like discount percent is much more understandable than an abbreviation like DP. And I'll also grade on appropriate use of programming constructs. If the assignment is about, say, loops, and don't worry if you don't know what those are yet, and you do the assignment without using any loops, then you haven't used the appropriate constructs for the program. There are two midterms and one final. And here's the grading scheme, which you can read at your leisure. This is an online class, so if you decide to drop the class, it's your responsibility. If I've noticed that you've missed several assignments or class discussions in a row, I might drop you. If there's any emergency, you have to be out of town, or there's some extenuating circumstances, drop me an email. Short one is fine to say, Hi, emergency came up. I'll turn in my assignments when I return. The deadline dates for dropping a class with and without a W are in the EVC's schedule of classes. I also have to do the census, and that's a list of who has or has not shown up for the class. If you don't complete the first assignment and contribute to the first discussion topic by the February 9th, I'll presume that you're not going to attend the class and I'll drop you. What do I do about late assignments? If an assignment is one week late, I'll take off 10%, one letter grade. If it's two weeks late, I'll take off 20%. More than two weeks is my option, whether I want to grade it or not. You can discuss assignments amongst yourselves, but you each have to do your own work. Cheating and plagiarism will be met with an F on an assignment. The EVC catalog has details on the college honesty policy. And if you have any learning or physical needs that require accommodations, make an appointment with the Disabled Students Program and please notify me in writing via email. I'll talk about some of these study hints later, but the most important one I think at this point is to block out time in your schedule to do the work. With an all online class, it's easy to get off track because day to day life tends to just happen and you put it aside and you never quite get back on track. If this is your first online learning experience, this may be especially difficult for you. Make sure you stay on track, check in at least once a day just to see if there are any updates just to keep in contact. I do participate in the early alert program. Read about this. It's a fairly important thing, and again, especially with an all online class. Finally, the last part of the syllabus is the course outline, which gives you for each week the topics we're going to cover, the part of the book that summarizes that material, and what assignments, if any, are due. If you get ahead of the schedule and turn things in early, that's great, although I can't guarantee that I'll grade them early. Instead of lectures, I have material on videos. Here's a link to the playlist. Make sure you go through the introduction videos. They'll give you an exercise in problem solving without needing a computer, and they'll help you get your Python development environment set up. There's also a link to LinkedIn Learning. You'll have to sign on with your email. Their entire library of courses is available to you for free. It's a great deal. Finally, you have links to all of the assignments and the discussions. The discussion forums have been set up so that you can't see or respond to other students' posts until you have posted something yourself. One of the ways that we can all keep in contact with each other is via a Zoom video conference. I'll set up at least two Zoom conferences a week where you can join in and ask questions or discuss whatever's on your mind. When you use Zoom, please use the Chrome browser for best results. Now, perhaps the most important part of the orientation, how to succeed in the course. Read the book and watch the videos. If you try to do the assignments without reading the material or viewing the videos first, you're setting yourself up for a very difficult time. As you go through the book, type the code example as yourself. If all you do is look at the code, nod your head and say, yeah, I got this, then in all probability, no, you don't got this. Instead, as you type each line, ask yourself what that line of code does and why it's in the program. This helps you make a connection between the code and its purpose. If you're adventuresome, try modifying the programs. Make them do something different or something extra. Finally, and most important, plan your programs before you write them. You can either write a flowchart or you can write pseudocode, which is part English, part Python to give an outline or a plan to what you intend to do. But no matter which method you use, plan. Programs written at the keyboard look like it and that is not a compliment. A few minutes spent in planning can save you hours of frustration when writing your programs. If you do get frustrated or stuck, ask for assistance, send me an email or ask for some suggestions and hints in the discussion forums. That's our orientation, so let's get started.


Income tax 2023-2024, medical and dental expenses tax software example. Get ready and some coffee because we're going to stop the tax man in his tracks with income tax preparation. Well maybe not exactly stop them and it's kind of hard to stock the dragon once it's got the head of steam on him. Possibly we could slow him down a little bit. Here we are in our form 1040 example problem using LASERT tax software. You don't need tax software to follow along but if you have access to tax software it's a great tool to run scenarios with. You can also get access to forms, schedules, instructions at the IRS website irs.gov, irs.gov. Starting with our normal starting point taxpayer Adam Taxman just trying to avoid a dang tax man living in Beverly Hills 90210 single file or no dependence. Starting with $100,000 W2 income $13,850 standard deduction $86,150 the taxable income. Marrying that in our income tax formula $100,000 $13,850 the $86,150 tax calculated by the software $14,266 which we can see on page 2 of the form 1040-14266. Let's go back to page 1. We're now focused on our itemized deductions reflected on line 12 which is the greater of standard or itemized deductions. We're starting at the standard deduction and now we're going to think about those itemized deductions which we would only take if they are greater than the standard deduction which means for normal filing statuses it would have to be greater for a single filer than the $13,850 married filing joint double that $27,700 head of household $20,800. So let's go into then our schedule A. This is going to be our itemized deductions. We can see the categories on the left. We're focused first on the medical and dental expenses. So you'll note that the medical and dental expenses have a couple of peculiar things. One is that obviously there are itemized deductions so you have to clear the standard deduction in order to get them which usually means more will-off individuals are more likely to be doing that but you also have this floor of the 7.5% as well which could also be a restrictive factor. So let's jump to a medical and dental expense for example and we'll go back on over here and we have prescription medicines and drugs. So let's say we put, you know, first a word from our sponsor. Yeah, actually we're sponsoring ourselves on this one because apparently the merchandisers they don't want to be seen with us.  Like our trust me, I'm an accountant product line. It's paramount that you let people know that you're an accountant because apparently we're among the only ones equipped with the number crunching skills to answer society's current deep complex and nuanced questions. If you would like a commercial free experience, consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com Even like 10,000 in here and then we're going to go back on over to our worksheet. There's our 10,000. There was an AGI of 100,000 that pulling in from our form 1040 adjusted gross income. So if I go back on over that means that we have this 7,500 or 0.075 7.5% of the AGI that we have to clear before it even starts giving us a benefit for the itemized deduction. So that cut it down to 2,500 and since I don't really have anything else in here, that is going to be way below the threshold. So you can see the medical expenses in and of themselves are often not the thing that's going to be pushing people over from going from a standard deduction to itemized because if they're high income individuals, they're going to have to clear a high hurdle, a high floor before they even start adding into the itemized deductions. And if we are low income individuals, then it's likely that we're not going to be itemizing because we don't have any other itemized deductions to combine with it. So unless the medical expenses are unusually high for some reason, they're probably not the defining factor that's going to push us over from the standard to the itemized deduction. What is the defining factor? Usually it's owning a home in a fairly large home that has a big loan on it these days, right? So meaning if I owned a home and I had mortgage interest, then the medical expenses would be something that could add to that, right? So I could say if I owned a home, I'd have mortgage interest. Let's say that that was $12,000, let's say, and then I'd also probably have property taxes. And I could say that the principal residence taxes, let's say, was $6,000 again. Let's go back on over to our forms now. So now the home is giving us a significant factor here of the taxes, $7,002 once I include the state taxes, and then the $12,000 of the interest. That, plus the medical expenses now possibly could be beneficial, bringing us over the hurdle now at $21,705 if I go back to the forms. Now we're taking the $21,705 clearing the hurdle for a single filer of the $13,850 even though we have not cleared if they were married, the married filing status. So that's the general idea. Let's mirror that in Excel so we get an idea of the calculation over here and you can kind of double check your work with something like this on an Excel sheet. So if we had medical and dental, so let's say we put the medical and expenses, we have, you know, medical and dental and dot, dot, and let's say we said it came out to $10,000.  Let's make a subtotal and say this is going to be equal to the sum of this data input and then I won't put anything on this side like that. And then we're going to say, okay, and then we have our AGI, the AGI, let's pull that in just so we can see it. It's coming in from our tax formula over here at the 100,000. So I'm going to add a couple rows here, insert, and so we need 7.5% of AGI that's going to be equal to this times 0.075. Boom, maybe I should be taking that and maybe I should be putting this, well, let's keep it there. And so then we're going to say that we need then the difference. So the difference is what we can basically take then, which is going to be, let's do that down here. That's going to be equal to this minus this, the 2,500. All right, let's delete some of these columns. Will that work? Or rows? All right, is that going to work? Now notice that that is working there. If this is greater than, but that only works then if this amount is greater than this amount. See, if I said that this was only, if this was only 2,000, then I get a negative number. I don't want a negative number for my total. So I can use like a logic function in order to do this to put the proper number here. So I can say, okay, this equals, I'm going to say if logic function, I'll do this fairly quick because it's not an Excel course, but if logic function, we're going to take this number minus that number. If that formula is greater than 0, then that's what the comma means. What do you want to do if that is true? Well, if it's true, I want you to take this number minus this number. But if it's not comma, in other words, what do you want us to do if it's false? If it's false, I just want you to put a zero there because I don't want a negative number. And then enter, so there it put a zero there. If I put this back to 10,000, then now it's at the 2,500. So a little fancy formula we can put in there gives us a general recap of what is actually happening so we can see what happens in our worksheet. And then if I go into my mortgage interest, we said that that was, what do we say, 12,000? And then we said that the taxes, we said we're 6,000. And then they had state taxes of 1,205, 1,205. So that gives us a total of 7205 plus 12,000. The total itemized deductions 21705 pulling into our formula. There's the 21705 that is greater than the standard deduction. Therefore, we're tracking the greater of the two now, the 21705 taxable income at the 78295. So we can go back on over here and say, okay, 1040. We've got then the 21705 78295 page two calculating the tax, which is now at 12,528. So we can say our at 12,528, 12,528. Is that what it said? It is indeed. Let's go back to the first page. So that's the general idea with the medical expenses. So then the question that often comes up is how closely should I be tracking medical expenses? And it's like, well, I mean, if you're itemizing, then you might need to track them because it might be something that we can deduct. Although if your income is very high, you're going to have to clear the threshold, in this case 7500, before you're going to be able to take them. If you're nowhere near that threshold, then it might not be worthwhile going out of your way to track all the medical expenses, right? On the other hand, if you're nowhere near itemizing because you don't own a home, then you would have to clear the standard deduction threshold. If your income was low, you'd have to clear the standard deduction threshold of 13850 or 27700, at least with all your itemized deductions before that's going to benefit you at all. And the medical expenses are only going to give you a benefit after they clear the floor. So if you're nowhere near itemizing, unless you have a whole lot of medical expenses, then those would be the questions that would come up, right? If you're nowhere near itemizing, then it's like, well, then you would need an awfully lot of medical expenses, given the fact that you'd have to clear this, and you would have to basically do that considering also that you'd have to clear the floor of the 7.5% of the AGI is the general idea. Okay, and then just a couple of things on what's included in the medical expenses. I won't go into detail on that because we talked about it before, but you can see there's questions about the medical insurance that could be included in here. Now one of the complications with insurance is there double dipping involved with, say, medical insurance. So one case could be that if you're getting a credit for medical insurance because you have a high deductible plan or something like that, then that's one issue where you already might be getting a tax benefit. Possibly that's not going to have an impact as much because that's usually for lower income individuals if they're going to be receiving a credit to pay for part of their medical insurance. The other thing that could come up is you might be paying part of your medical insurance for a self-employed individual rather than an employee. So let's look at the employee first because that's what we have here. So this is an employee. If their medical insurance is being paid through their work, then it might be reflected over here if I go to their W-2 within the W-2, meaning is it a form of compensation that they've received that's already been reduced from the wages? If it's already been pulled out of the wages in box one, that in essence is equivalent to you already getting a deduction, right?  The net income is going to be the same. Instead of doing that, they already just pulled it out of box one of the wages. So for example, you might have in box 12 like this double D, which is the cost of employer-sponsored health coverage, for example. And so if it's already been reduced from the wages, then of course you can't also take it on the Schedule A because you already got a benefit, which would be better if it was reduced on your W-2 if you could do that because then you don't have this issue of it being an itemized deduction where you would only get the deduction if it clears 7.5% of the AGI and if you're itemizing as opposed to taking the standard deduction. So that's one case of like the double dipping issue that you need to be aware of. So the question is who's paying the health insurance? How is it being paid? Is it being paid through my work? If it's being paid through my work, then is it something that has already been deducted or accounted for by reporting on the W-2, in which case it's not in box one if it is, then you would think, again, I can't double dip and put it on the Schedule A. Now what if it wasn't there? What if instead of having a W-2, we were self-employed? So let's remove this for now and say let's go and say we have a Schedule C kind of business and we have 120,000 here and then we have advertising of 20,000 and we're going to say, okay, so now I have a Schedule C, net income is flowing into the form 1040 ultimately on the, here it is flowing into the 1040 and then we also have the social, the self-employment tax and so on that we have to deal with. But what about the health insurance in this case? So the question is, are you covered by the health insurance? Well, if they are but it's not through the work, then you might be able to deduct it but possibly not on the Schedule A in that case because it would most likely be more favorable to be able to deduct it as an above the line deduction. So that would be Schedule 1, Page 2 that we talked about before. So you might have the self-employed health insurance deduction. So this would be the better place to put it because you're going to get the above the line deduction here which again isn't, if I say it was 10,000 here or whatever that would be better than having it on the Schedule A because that would then be pulling in if you're able to do that because that would be pulling in to an above the line deduction and included an adjusted gross income as opposed to a below the line deduction or itemized deduction which again would be severely limited by that floor of 7.5% of AGI and the fact that we have to have clearing the itemized deductions before we get a benefit from them. So obviously again, we can't really double dip. I couldn't also put it on the Schedule A because that would be basically reporting it twice. Alright, let's go back to the original one and say, okay, let's say, let's remove it from here and let's remove the Schedule C, say, get rid of that, okay, and then let's go back to our income and say we have our W-2 income and 100,000 to do, to do, to do. Now you also might say, hey, look, I'm paying the Medicare right here and my insurance, remember that like the insurance is somewhat complicated to think about, right? You're paying insurance right now for your general health insurance and then you're also paying into Medicare and Medicare you might think is like a safety net program but more and more it's not. It's basically a program that everybody is going to be basically having the Medicare insurance when they reach the age to be eligible for it. So you might be saying, well, I'm already paying into Medicare but you generally can't deduct the Medicare withholdings for the FICO withholdings which are like your payroll taxes. So that's another thing to basically be aware of. You also have the long-term care which is kind of a separate type of thing as well and that's the kind of care where like if you needed help with just day-to-day functions and whatnot, a whole lot of care then that becomes a different kind of category so sometimes those categories can get a little bit confusing. Now in the prior presentation we went through some big long lists of the types of medical care that might be deductible so I won't go into that in detail. You can take a look at that more in the prior presentation. We're kind of looking more at the logistics this time. So that's the general idea. If I go back on over another question that could come up is who qualifies for the medical care and typically it's going to be the people that are on the tax return because you're one taxable entity basically, right? So yourself, your spouse and your dependents. And we talked a little bit last time about some exceptions with regards to people that aren't dependents that you're paying the medical expenses for and so on and so forth and if you think you fall into those categories you can take a look at those items in more detail. Let's just quick take one more look if we go into a married filing status and keep everything else the same. So we're going to go back on over. Now we've got the 100,000 and but now we're taking the 27,700 which is simply the standard deduction because it was doubled and now it's greater than the itemized deductions even though we have the same information in here, right? We've got the medical expenses. We could still deduct the 2,500 if we're able to take the itemized deductions but we're not clearing the hurdle now even with the home of the 6,000 and the 1,369 of taxes as well as the home mortgage interest because that's only adding up to 21,869. If I mirror that over here which might be easier to see all we're doing is saying hey look that itemized deduction has not changed basically but the standard deduction is now 27,007 because they're married the lesser of the two is I mean sorry the greater of the two is now the standard deduction as opposed to the itemized deduction.