Have you ever seen the dreaded service worker can't load its script error? Do you wonder why your caches don't seem to work? Well, I'm Sam Dutton, and I'm gonna show you how to debug service workers in the Chrome Developer Tools. Chrome has really good support for debugging PWAs, so let's take it in one piece at a time. We'll work in the order. You might create a PWA, creating a service worker, making it work offline, and then adding a manifest. We'll also look at debugging your logic and testing push notifications. So we're gonna start with this minimal site and build it into a PWA. The code is simple enough, an index.html file and empty file for the service worker and the usual CSS. Let's start with registering the service worker. We'll also see what happens when the service worker changes. We'll add the code to register a service worker into the site, and if registration fails, this will log the error. Now we can switch to the service worker and add its code. This should look familiar. We're listening for the install and activate events and writing a log message. Make sure to save everything. Now, let's look at what we just did. Notice there's nothing in the console yet, but when I reload the page, you should see two messages in the console. One is the service worker installing and the other is when it activates. If you see an error, check your install code and the service worker for syntax errors. Logs are pretty old school. The Chrome developer tools has some specialized tools for debugging PWAs. This is the applications tab and it's where you'll spend most of your time debugging PWAs. Now, a note of caution. The developer tools are evolving constantly. What do you see when you open them might not look exactly like mine. The applications tab has several sections. Let's start with the service worker inspector. Notice that this section in the middle labeled localhost, each service worker runs in its own origin and scope. All of the service workers appear here. Now, in this case, our source file is serviceworker.js and the service worker is activated and running. The clients list shows all of the open windows or tabs controlled by this service worker. Now, let's see what happens when we update the service worker with new code. When I switch back to the browser, you can see that nothing has changed yet. It's the same console messages as before. Now, I can reload the page. You can see the change in the log messages. The browser saw that the service worker changed and it's being reinstalled. If you look at the service worker inspector, you'll see the old service worker is running and the new one is waiting to take over. Now, normally, you would have to close or reload all of the old service workers windows and tabs, but we have a shortcut. Click on skip waiting to let the new service worker take over from the old one. Now, notice that you no longer have two workers visible and that the new one is active. Now, you can see the log message showing the new service worker is active. Back in the inspector, we can click update on reload so new service workers will take over immediately. Just remember this changes the behavior of your service worker so you should not do QA testing with this enabled. Now, let's see how to pre-cache resources and look at them in the developer tools. We want to cache these files when the service worker installs. Remember that the service worker lives at the root of our site and all of these URLs are relative to the root. Now, we can change the install event listener to cache all of the files. Notice that the log message is gone. We will know when this worked by seeing the files in the cache. Now, I can reload the site. Remember that we have update on reload checked so the new service worker takes effect immediately. I cleared the console in case any error messages pop up. Now, our service worker installed and activated. Let's take a look at the cache it just made. Caches will appear under cache storage. When I click on the apps one cache, I can see all of the items in it. Now, before we go on, make sure your service worker is building its cache. If you don't see these files in the cache, check your code and reload the site until they're ready. You can pop over to the network tab and see the difference between the files loaded by the browser and the ones loaded by the service worker. The initiator column will show you which is which. If needed, you can delete the old cache before reloading. You can do this with a right click on the cache name or you can use the clear storage option to wipe out everything, including your caches and current service worker. We have a service worker and it's creating a cache. Now, we want to make the app work offline. Remember that we need to add a fetch handler to the service worker. This will intercept network requests and serve them from the cache. This code adds a fetch handler that serves cache first with a network fallback. In other words, the app will use its cached files and only go to the network if something is missing. Let's reload the browser and make sure there are no errors. We should confirm there's only one service worker running and it's active. So far, so good. But remember, we're still online. There are several ways to take the site offline, including killing the server. But the easiest way is this offline checkbox. Chrome will block traffic between your app and the server as if it's offline. Notice that the network tab has a caution sign. This indicates that you're offline. I'm going to reload this offline app and watch the network panel. The size column indicates which items came from the service worker. Now, you'll notice that there are failed requests for a new service worker and manifest.json. That's totally fine and expected. We haven't added a manifest yet and the service worker caches its own JS file. So that's enough to give you a basic PWA that works offline. There's just one more piece that you must have and that's the manifest. I'm going to add a pre-written manifest to the project. Use the manifest inspector to check the contents of your manifest file. You can click Add to Home Screen to trigger Chrome's Add prompt. Now, what happens when you need to actually debug something? You may get an error loading the service worker or a runtime error. Let's look at the tools and a couple of the common bugs that you might encounter. There are two ways to set a break point. The lesser-known one is to add a debugger statement to your code. Here, we're adding it to our service worker. When we reload the service worker, it stops in the debugger. Look to the right. We can select this service worker's thread and see its runtime environment. This is the same debugging environment you get for any JavaScript. It works the same on the main thread as it does in a worker. We can resume execution and make sure the new service worker is active. You might find it easier to set a break point in the usual way by clicking in the left margin of the source code. So we've seen most of what you would do in building and debugging a PWA, but I saved one of the most complex things for last, push notifications. There's already a button and code for subscribing to push notifications, but it still needs a push listener. The service worker needs to listen for push events. It then creates a notification object and calls show notification. This notification is wrapped in a promise so we need to call event.wait until to pause until it appears. We have to load the new service worker after making the change. I'm checking the usual places to make sure it loaded. Now I can click to subscribe. Of course, I have to give permission to show notifications. Now I can go back to the service worker inspector and notice there's a place to enter and send a push message. When I click the button, it sends a push message straight to the service worker without needing a server. Success. And thanks for listening. Now that you've seen how to debug service workers in Chrome, try it out on your own projects. See the other videos in this series to learn debugging for other browsers and then come back for more PWA videos.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we are going to discuss the following question. And the question says that an equilateral triangle has sites of length 10 centimeters. Find the length of one of its altitudes and hence its area. We know that in an isosceles of an equilateral triangle, the altitudes dissect the base of the triangle. That is, if we have an equilateral triangle ABC and AD is the altitude, then we can say that BD will be equal to DC. We also know that Pythagoras theorem states, in our right-angle triangle, with hypotenuse C, let A and B, we have C squared is equal to A squared plus B squared. That is, we can say that square of length of hypotenuse is equal to sum of squares of length of legs. With this key idea, let us proceed to the solution. In this question, we are given an equilateral triangle with site 10 centimeters. So, here we have the given equilateral triangle ABC with site 10 centimeters. From vertex A, we draw a line perpendicular to BC and it meets BC in D such that AD is the altitude of the triangle. And from the key idea, we know that in an isosceles or an equilateral triangle, the altitudes dissect the base of the triangle. In triangle ABC, which is an equilateral triangle, since altitude deflects the base of an equilateral triangle, therefore we say that CD is equal to BD which is equal to half of BC and BC is 10 centimeters. So, half of BC would be half into 10 centimeters and therefore we get 5 centimeters. So, we say CD is equal to BD is equal to 5 centimeters and we are given AC is equal to 10 centimeters. And we see that triangle ADC is a right angle triangle and we need to find the length of the altitude AD. From the key idea, we know that Pythagoras theorem states in our right angle triangle with hypotenuse C and like A and B, we have C squared is equal to A squared plus B squared. So, using Pythagoras theorem, in triangle ADC, we have square of the hypotenuse AC is equal to sum of squares of length of lengths of the triangle that is AD squared plus DC squared. Let the length of AD be equal to X centimeters. So, we have AC squared that is 10 squared is equal to AD squared that is X squared plus DC squared which is equal to 5 squared which implies that X squared is equal to 10 squared minus 5 squared. And therefore we get X squared is equal to 10 squared that is 100 minus 5 squared that is 25. So, we get the value of X squared as 75 which implies that X is equal to square root of 75. Now, taking the positive square root here as height cannot be negative, we get the value of X as 8.6 approximately which implies that AD is equal to 8.6 centimeters. Thus, we can say that the length of its altitude AD is equal to 8.6 centimeters approximately. We also need to find its area. Now, we shall find area of triangle ABC. We know that area of any triangle say ABC is given by 1 by 2 into base into height that is in triangle ABC we have 1 by 2 into base that is BC into height that is AD. So, we have 1 by 2 into BC that is 10 into AD which is equal to 8.6 which is equal to 5 into 8.6 that is 43 centimeters square approximately. Thus, we say that area of triangle ABC is given by 43 centimeters square approximately which is the required answer. This completes our session. Hope you enjoyed this session.


Depression and mental illnesses are different for everyone. With this list, we are not trying to generalize. Instead, we've compiled certain things individuals with depression have disclosed they struggle with. Can you relate to any of these or know someone who might? Here are 11 things people with depression would like their family and friends to understand. 1. It's not as simple as eating healthier and exercising more. While we appreciate you trying to help us, the underlying condition isn't always solved that easily. It still feels like our feelings are being invalidated if things aren't phrased carefully. 2. It's not always easy to understand why things are this way. Depression doesn't always have a specific trigger, it just happens. It's more complicated than just feeling sad because we got a bad grade. Assumptions like these are diminishing our experiences. 3. Sometimes there's no emotion, sometimes there's too much. It often isn't very clear why either. We'd like to understand it better ourselves, but depression can make you feel a wide variety of confusing things. 4. It's not that we're not trying hard enough. No one wants to have depression. Telling us this when we are trying our hardest is dismissing our struggle. It's hurtful. 5. We can't just snap out of it. If it was possible to simply get over it, we would have done it a long time ago. It's not a mood that you can come out of when you're done. 6. We don't want to hurt others. We hate to feel like an annoyance because of our illness. We don't want to cause the people around us pain because of what we're going through. 7. We feel like a burden. Reassurance might not magically solve our depression, but it can help us open up a better feelings. We need validation that we're not an annoyance to be able to relax around you. 8. We appreciate your efforts. We notice you trying to help us and we are very grateful. Reaching out to us is already a ray of light. But please remember. 9. We aren't asking you to fix us. Being there for us and showing that you're trying to understand is enough. We aren't asking you for solutions and as well-intended as it may be, sometimes we just need someone who will listen. 10. It's not your fault. There's no one single factor that causes depression. It's an illness. Certain things can contribute to it, but it's nobody's fault. 11. We appreciate you asking what you can do for us. Sometimes it's not easy for us to pinpoint what we need. That's why some people might find it easier if you ask more specific things like, can I get you some tea maybe? Want to go for a walk? It might not seem like much, but it might help a person realize what they really need at the moment. Do you have any other things you wish your friends and family would understand?


Y pach hefyd, y sy'n rech chi'n i'w pryn bach. Yn gyfer y ffinsfam, yw'r anodd ysbwynt, ac mae'n ffinsfam o'r anodd. Yn gyfnodd, ac mae'n gweithio. Dw i, gallwch, y ffarsfawr yma ar gyfer, yw'r bod yn gwneud beth gydlid a'n hoffi, gan gydlid dotty, y gallwn gwneud bod dweud ond. Felly fod y cofnid ac oes yn iawn, os mwy roi'n gwneud bwysig, ma nhw'n gweithio'r hoffi a fydd efallai fy fan yw'r hoffio. Oni yn gweithio ma' gofio. Gweithio'r newid iddi'r ffarmau sydd eich eu bwysig? Wrth gweithio. Mae'r gwirio'r wnaeth dda i fyf yn gweithio sydd wedi'i gofio. Ychydig yr aelod addos eich bydd fyddai cael eu boddyn iawn gan'n gwneud eich bod yn reliant allan, yr aelod edrych am y ddechrau fod eich bobl wedi nodw'i gyd- daha gallu aelodd adrodd honno ar y pryd yma ym merd lun- I drydd hynny, erbyn'n gwneud hynny, mae'r gwirionedd, mae'n gwirionedd yn allan y lle intern, ac mae'n gweithio'r gwirionedd ym merdd yn eu hoffu. Mwnebu'r llwyddiad yn i ddim yn gweithio'r gwirionedd, ond mae'r gwirio'n gwirio'n fynd yn ei fod yn gweithio. Can I take that first season, we played Chelsea to Dan for Britain, the league cup semi-finals first leg, you scored the screemer of a goal but then you had to go off to the African nations and we lost you, Stephen Pina and Joseph Yobol. You didn't have you for the second leg, was it disappointing to miss that second leg because I see you with three big players on our team at that time? ac rwydech chi'n gweld fel gwyll sometimei. Oeddi'r cyflwyniad yng Nghymru a ddiw i chi'n gweld mewn gwirio, rydyn ni'n ddrifiad fel math, a mor fyddai'n gweld o'r cwmprifymydau. Mwy fydda i'r cwmprimwynau. Mae'r Cwmp Afrikain yn afri wneud. Rydyn ni'n fyddai i'r cydw i, mwy criio'r cyfreithio. Mae'r gweithio mewn cyfraith yn fwyafrof, a gweld diwethaf unrhyw gyda'r cwmbrif. Efallai'r drmysg. There were 21 goals for Everton, which was your favourite goal? I think one against Prossmont. It was a big goal, it was so Serbia. I love playing against it, one of the best defenders in the world at that time, to play against it and to score. It's unbelievable. I enjoyed that moment, playing against my former team Ac drwsio rhai, gydig yn ffordd o gondol. Rhaid i chi'n mynd i'r unrhyw rhai? Rydyn, mae'r ffordd rhai. Yr Rhyw bryd yw'r ffordd. Mae'n wneud ar y cofnod. Mae yna gilyniadau cyfrifwydd addysg. Mae'r mhwy, mae'n ddiwedd yn lle agorod, flwyddyn ei fwyaf i'r seats, a'i cael eu digwydd. Mae'n wych. Mae'n ei sad, rai fydda'r troon. Felly bodonwyr o'r llun. Þa afod am flow o'r llun, wedi nhw'n ddwynghbaeth xinno arall. Felly ond nid ydym yn gwneud. Nid ydych chi'n goитio mewn gwahan o bobl. Felly neid wnaethwch, nid addur neu wilt wnaid. Rhefyd i ddefnyddio, rwyf i ddim ymlaen i'n gwneud. Felly angen i wneud, ydi bod nhw'n bod nhw ymlaen, ac nid ydych chi'n gobeithio. Nid ydych chi'n gobeithio, Felly, fe'n r necesiwch yn fydd. Felly, yw'n eithaf gallu'n rhesiwyr. Fe yw'r ysgyr yw'u ddod gan mwyn. Ac mae'n ddechrau'n bhrwstry. Fe'n ddod gan mwyn. Mae'n roi'n mynd i'lliad. Mae'r ysgyr sydd wedi'u'n bwrdd. Mae'n ddod a'i adael i mi. Maeethwch yn ddechrau. Mae'n ddod yn neith gwrthodd yn gallu hyn yn cael'u cyfrwll. Ond yna'r un. Mae'n gydyn nhw'n cyfrwyllt. Efallai yn gwneud rwy'n ddechrau'n dweud cynnydddig ar 4 o 5 o 8 a neson nhw mynd. Ond ddweud edrychwyr i hynny'n dod y byddol. Ddweud o byddol rwy'n ddweud fod o'r sgwmhgyrch y byddol. Wel, mae'n gofyn ar y gofyn ar hyn sy'n gwneud. Mae'r ffifnys i'r gweithio ar yr haf sydd gyddiad. Tynt i'r bobl mae'n gofyn o'r sgwmhgyrch. Aywwch ar yn gweithio ar byddol, Mae'n fwy o bwysig i'r rhaid i gael y mawr. Mae'n ganweithio, ond mae'n cwmwy fydd yn fwy o'r ysgol. Mae'n rhai oherwydd. A'r angen yno yn ymwneud, rhaid eu rhwng i'r rhaid i'r gyllidau. Mae'n rhaid i'r rhwng i'r cyffaen. Rwy'n meddwl y gallwn i'n ffrind o gyllidau. Dwi'n meddwl i'n meddwl i'r cyffredin. Mae'n meddwl i'r cyffredin i'r cyffredin. You'll have to give them guys the credit, they deserve to be in that finance. The i-hand it was a little bit disappointing that we didn't win it. Mae'n cymdeithas, mae'n sylwgr ar ôl yn y llyfr. Mae'n cymdeithas na ddyn nhw, mae'n rhan ofe i'r buzz yn y bench. Mae'n cymdeithas gyda'n mynd i ddweud. Buzz yn ydyn nhw'n gweithio dda i'n gwybod. Mae'n cymdeithi'n gweithio arddangos. Mae'n gweithio a llwyddio. Mae'n cymdeithi a llwyddio arddangos. Mae'n gweithio'n gweithio. Mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio arddangos a llwyddio'n gweithio.  He pushed me to the limit, I said, yeah, he's really really what it you know, even when I don't believe. I'm going to get fit. He says, listen it's like that, you know. When you're getting there, sometimes you feel like you're not getting fit because Mae hyn mae'n gweithio yw'r moll yn ymlaen amddangos i ymddangos i gli. Yn ymddangos e fwy o wasbeth. Ymddangos iddyn nhw'n amlwg. Mae'n ddigonol feddwl yn gyntaf. Rwy'n gofio, mae'n dweud hynny. Withad Buzz, r covenantwydd y gallu gyda'r newydd. Mae'n defnyddio bod cerddau'r newydd. Mae'n siŵr i'r newydd dofon. Rwy'n gweithgbandwyd, dyw llwyddon nid i'r holdd. Mynd ar Gweithdoi'r uwch a'r hyn? Grafwyr wedi mynnog'iupbeat er mwyn… Y'r wyfa, mae pob syniad wedi ffordd yn gweithio o flynyddu, hynny yw flynyddu'i. I want to see you scoring goals for Everton. I said, I understand you, but for me, I need to go to somewhere to play. I don't want to sit here every week and train Monday to Friday and play 10 minutes or 20 minutes. He said, you understand my situation, then I have to leave. It's not like I want to go now. I didn't get the playing time yet. When I got injured, everything just changed. So I have to go somewhere where I can be playing every day. I have to give David Moyer's credit. He was the one that brought me here, so it was good. I had a great relationship with him. I need to go to somewhere where I can play every week. So you went off to Blackburn? I scored something like 16 goals or something for them. We were all sat here going, why have we sold them? Why has he gone? You played the last time you beat Liverpool, unbelievably. You were playing in that team. Still that lovely one where you knocked Skatlin to next week. We still love that one. You scored your last goal against Stoker home in one month and you scored the winner. Then I think we went to Blackfield a week later and you weren't playing. Again, I was clapping my head thinking, why have you changed the team? As a football player, some players, when they don't play, they're happy. I'm not like that. I don't want to sit on the bench every week getting paid every month without doing what I love to do. I love to train every day, play every weekend. Even Sundays, Mondays or midweek, not training every day, then I don't play. So I have to go. I enjoyed it going outside to play. I would love to stay there, but I didn't get it playing time, then I have to leave. Okay, fair enough. What was it like playing for David Moyes? Was he a tough task? He was. He was really, really tough. He was a hard-working manager. Sometimes when you finish training you go home, you just want to sleep. I'll tell you. You just want to sleep because it was too much. You run, you fight. Even when you're tired, you can still do it. I never used to have that mentality. I used to think maybe when I'm tired, just let go. It makes you believe when you're tired, you can still do it. So it was great to work with him seriously. You're talking about playing with some good players here at Everton. If you had to pick a five-a-side team out of the players you played with at Everton, who would be the best five players that you would pick? I would pick Stephen Pined. Sure. First I would pick Pined and Jack Giorga, Mikaela Tater. That's three already. I have to pick myself. You've got to play. You've got to play. You've got to play. Four. I don't know the one. I would pick Bainzy. Bainzy. No time chaos. I'm sorry Tim, I didn't pick you so. Bainzy. To be fair, that's a good side. That is a good side. What was your relationship like with the supporters? Did you feel that love? The love is still there. After years, almost eight years, coming back here. It's a great feeling. Great memories. It brings back the memories when I was here. I enjoyed it. Going to the ground coming here is the same. Getting memories there. I still support them wherever they play. I'm still there with them. When they lose, it's still the same. It's great memories. Do you think you could still play for us now? At the moment, no. I don't think so. Obviously, there's a big game coming up on Tuesday for African side Gormari over here. You've just been speaking about when you were a kid in the African sport nations. Before we come on to the Gormari, quickly move the African nations out of the summer. Do you think that's a good move? Does it fall in line with a lot of leagues? Or is it more difficult with it being in the summer months than previously in January? I think in the summer it's much better than in the January. Most teams, when you're playing in a team and they're struggling for relegation, they want to win the league. They need these players. They don't want the players to go for one month depending on the stage. For someone, it's much better than in January. What about this game on Tuesday for the African side to come and play a Premier League side? How big a deal is that? For me, seriously, it's a great opportunity for these guys to come here. I've seen them already. I've been there in Kenya already. I know they're looking forward for this game. They're a physical side. It's like a dream come true. Most of these guys will never get the opportunity to leave Africa to go outside to play. For them to be here today is like a dream come true. They're not here for the only day. They're here for football. They're here for business to play, to show everyone they can do something. To show they are really good. Most of them want to live there. They want to go to Europe to play. In football, you never know what's going to happen. They've got this great chance and the great opportunity for these guys to come over. They have to take it. It's a great chance for them to take it. Great publicity as well. I'm getting a big story back in Kenya as well. For these guys to come over and play a Premier League side. Yeah, of course, yeah. They watch Premier League every day, every week. For them to come over to play one of the best team in England, Premier League. It's a great feeling for them. You can see in their faces. You can see that they're happy to be here. They're happy to be here, but they want to show themselves. To show they can beat this team. They want to go back home. We've done it. It's like a walk up final for these guys. It's what you'll be a good competitive game. More physical. You need to see them. Get yourself bound to Goddison because it sounds like it's going to be a tasty game. Yeah, that's it. Thank you very much for your time. Can we finish with a little Ykubu celebration? Yes. Ykubu, thank you very much for doing this. So there you have it. A lovely interview with Ykubu there. Don't forget to get bound to Goddison on Tuesday night for the sport. Pes a club. Everton, be gone, Maria. Get there, give the lad the support. I'll see you later.


In the previous videos, we established that torsion creates a state of pure shear within a circular shaft. We then derive the torsion formula that relates the internal torque to the magnitude of that shear stress. But how does the shaft deform and how do we relate this to the internal torque? We have not quite looked at this and it is needed in order to solve statically indeterminate problems, so let's take a closer look at relating the internal torque to the deformation of a shaft. Here we have a solid circular shaft of radius r and length l. If you recall from earlier videos, we observed that if we subject this shaft to a uniform torque T, the right-hand side of the shaft will rotate through an angle phi relative to the left-hand side. We will refer to this angle as the angle of twist of the shaft. If we once again look at a small increment of length of the shaft, dx, we can see once again our element of pure shear deformation. Associated with this pure shear deformation is a small angle of twist. The cross-sectional plane containing side Cb rotates through an angle of twist relative to the cross-sectional plane containing side Ad. This angle of twist is denoted d phi in the figure shown here. If you subdivide the shaft along its length into many of these elements, each element will have its own angle of twist along its length. The angle of twist of the overall shaft would thus be a summation of each of these individual angles of twist. If we divide the shaft into an infinite number of elements, we obtain an infinite sum or an integration of angles of twist. If we focus in on that segment of shaft with length dx, we can recall that the angle of twist associated with this segment can be related to the shear strain state. In previous videos, we already established that the angle of twist of this segment d phi over dx is the rate of change of the shear strain with respect to the radial position within the shaft cross-section. It is the slope of the linear shear stress distribution. We can rearrange this equation in terms of d phi as shown below. Now that we have the angle of twist in terms of shear strain, we need to apply Hooke's law in order to convert from strains to stresses. In an earlier unit on material properties, we established that shear stress and shear strain are linearly related through the shear modulus g. We can use Hooke's law to rewrite the equation for angle of twist in terms of shear stress as shown below. Next, we can apply the torsion formula relating stress to the torque derived earlier. Substituting this into the formula below, we obtain an expression for the angle of twist d phi. Collecting terms and simplifying, we can clean up this result a little to obtain the following expression for d phi. Finally, we need to remember that the overall angle of twist for a shaft is the infinite sum or integration of all the d phi's along the length of the shaft. Thus, the overall angle of twist for a circular shaft is the integration over the length of the shaft of the internal torque divided by the product of the shear modulus and polar moment of inertia of the shaft multiplied by the infinitesimal segment length dx. Now we have an integral solution for the angle of twist of our shaft. Taking a look at this integral solution, you may be tempted to remove the torque, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia outside of the integral as our shaft had a constant radius, was made of a single material, and had a constant internal torque. But is this really the case for general shafts? Real shafts may have variations in cross-section as the compound conical cylindrical shaft shown here. This variation in geometry means that the polar moment of inertia will vary as a function of x. Other shafts may have variations in material properties as shown here. This would result in a variation in the shear modulus of the shaft material along its length. And finally, shafts may have a complex torsional loading applied to them, with not just torques at the end but intermediate torques applied along its length. This will result in a variable internal torque distribution. Thus, strictly speaking, the torsion deformation formula is an integral solution where torque, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia all can be functions of x. Lucky for us, there are several special cases where some of these are constant, and we'll take a closer look at these in the following slides. The first special case we will look at is that of a circular shaft with uniform cross-section and internal torque along its length. This is the simplest case we can consider where the internal torque and shear modulus and polar moment of inertia are all constants. This allows us to remove these quantities from the integral. The integral of dx over the length of the shaft is precisely the shaft length, allowing us to simplify further, resulting in the expression that the angle of twist is the internal torque times the shaft length divided by the product of the shear modulus and the polar moment of inertia. The second special case we will look at is a uniform circular shaft subjected to multiple torques. Consider the uniform shaft shown here. If torques are applied at locations a, b, and c, as illustrated here, the internal torque is no longer constant along the length of the shaft. However, if we draw the internal torque diagram for the shaft, we can see that the shaft becomes segmented into sections with uniform torque. In this particular case, section a, b, and section b, c. We can thus consider the shaft as a series of uniform loaded shafts and use a solution from the previous special case, adding the result for each segment. This equation can be further generalized as a summation of angles of twist from individual segments with uniform internal torque, material, and cross-section. Now that you have a generalized force displacement relationship for a circular shaft subjected to torsion, as well as two simplified force displacement relationships, you are now well equipped to start calculating the deformation of circular shafts subjected to torsion. Furthermore, you are now able to solve statically indeterminate problems containing torsional loading.


What is going on guys, today I am back with another Destiny 2 News video and today we're going to talk about the Rockstar Destiny 2 Gear Cold website being live, we're going to talk about Trials of the Souls, the Raid and a few other beats and Barb Sport because we're talking about the Rockstar website being live where you can get that exclusive in-game gear for Destiny, today I'm going to give away 5, yes 5, Gear Colds, exclusive Rockstar Gear Colds, now I'll show you guys my collection of cans and I've actually got another crate in my boot as well in my car, but I don't know how many cans here but they're stacked back, I don't know there's probably about 35-40 cans in here, so we're going to give away 5 and I'm going to give away 5 of these ones because I don't really like this flavour, the blue flavour is quite nice but you know, this is just like diabetes hiding away my cupboard, that's as accurate as this is, so yeah, there we go, now we will, if I can pick all these up, which I can't, sorry about my unprofessional camera skills, trying to look what I'm doing and hold my camera in the right direction and there we go, there's 5 and now we're just going to open these, the taste is actually, it ain't too bad but I ain't drinking all these, there's no way am I drinking all these, just take the pins off and give them away to you guys, so yes, if you want to be in for a chance of winning one of these, simply drop a like on the video and leave a comment down below and I will give them away, I will contact you via YouTube direct message or make sure your YouTube channel has been enabled so you can receive direct messages because I've got to pick so many people to give them a code and I can't because I can't send them a direct message on YouTube so yes, drop a like, leave a comment and let's get into the video. Okay so talking about the Rockstar Destiny 2 in-game exclusive content, the website is now live and you will find it linked within the video description, if you've got a code from me or from anywhere else, you simply want to sign in with your bungee acant, enter the code right here and you will get your loot come Tuesday or Wednesday when you get to play the actual game, you can redeem up to 3 in-game engrams per week with 24 available overall, Rockstar Energy Limited Edition Titan Warlock or Hunter Cancels unlock in-game rewards, every code also earns 1 daily, 1 weekly and 1 grand prize entry, there is no limit on the number of entries you can earn, let's go and have a look at the gear, okay so we can see here we've got our Hunter Warlock and Titan, I'm guessing this is the gear you can get right here and the weapon shaders, as the shaders match his actual Kalori armours as well, looking pretty snazzy, they really are, I think you may be able to get these weapons too, that looks like an SMG, a grenade launcher and I believe that might be an SMG too, I'm not even sure, or an auto rifle maybe, maybe not I don't know, but yes collect game loot, every in-game engram contains powerful weapon and armour, come back each week to earn more armour, nice loads of prizes, every can code is a chance to win daily weekly grand prizes, including Destiny 2 Fiend motorcycles, start collecting codes, more codes entered, offers more chances to win, daily prizes, another day, another prize, Destiny 2 limited edition game winners every day, weekly prizes, every week, three lucky winners will get a PS4 Pro system and a Destiny 2 Collector's Edition bundle, nice, pretty snazzy and grand prizes, three grand prize winners will get a Destiny 2 Fiend motorcycle, let's have a look at these things, look at this, oh my they are amazing, I had a Warlock one, to be honest looks the best, look at that black and orange, that looks incredible, but then you know, I'd have to go with my, I'd have to go with my Hunter, but you know what they look badass, they look badass, but yes guys you have a code, you may as well go on entry, you may as well get your in-game engrams, you may as well put yourself in with a chance to win one of these juicy prizes, you seriously may as well, okay so we're gonna move on to other news, okay so now we have some news coming from the Bungie weekly update that dropped last night and we're quoting Bungie right here, Endgame, after launch there will be a few rituals and first that you might want to plan for as you ascend to orbit around the Destiny Endgame, some of these activities will be ready and waiting as soon as you play your way through them, others will go live shortly thereafter giving you and your teammates time to prepare to get geared up and ready to go, so here are the dates you should mark in your calendar, Nightfuls already when you are, so you'll be able to play Nightfuls as soon as you think you're power worthy, it's as simple as that, the raid, this will come 10 am PST on September 13th which is the following Wednesday after release of Destiny 2 and then we've got Trials of the Nine which will come at 10 am PT September 15th which is a Friday which I actually can't wait for, I mean I wasn't a massive fan of PvP within Destiny 1, probably because I was bad at it, but number 2 I'm going to grind a lot harder in so hopefully I become quite decent you know but what I'm most looking forward to is the raid, I'm just so so curious about all the things that have been pieced together over the past week to see where this thing takes place, if you don't know what I'm talking about there's been a lot of information pieced together by the community over the past week trying to figure out where this raid will be, where it will take place etc etc, now I've uploaded a couple of videos on this already but a main one covering everything I will link within the video description if you do want to check that out, curious and this is a tweet from Luke Smith, he states there will be no raid tease for Destiny 2's first raid, it will launch at 10 am PST on September 13th, he goes on to say about Trials arriving at 10 am September 15th so there's gonna be no raid tease within Destiny 2's first raid, that's crazy that is it seriously, I think it would be a big selling point to be honest if they did drop a little trailer maybe, but hey it's their game it's their choice I just cannot wait to get my hands on it I seriously cannot, another thing they mentioned definitely worth mentioning in this video, when they're talking about engrams, Mark Knorrsworthy tweeted out quite a while back, indeed 2 is no longer advantageous to equip your most powerful gear when decrypting engrams, we check for your best possible loadout now, basically it automatically checks your loadout, your inventory for the best gear you've got and will decrypt at the best possible level according to your loadout, this is what they say about it, when we say best possible gear, we look at what the best scenario is for your character across your account, that means that if you are playing on your hunter like you should, I like that, we might use the helmet you accidentally left in the vault, the boots you just picked up but haven't equipped and the auto rifle you forgot to transfer from your warlock, gear on other characters in your vault in your inventory or currently equipped are all compared to find the best loadout you could have that's even better than I first thought, I just thought it automatically checks your current character and his inventory, it basically checks your whole account which is absolutely great, they then go on to mention and question, if engrams set their power at the moment they drop, how am I supposed to know which ones have the best gear, with this image on screen now we can see they state, Destiny 2's engrams are pretty cool because they'll tell you right on the tooltip what the power they dropped at is, this is the minimum power that will come out of an engram, so that's just epic, the thing is it's staying here you can only hold up to 10 engrams at a certain time, hopefully there's more space in them vaults, because you know people like me love to do them engram opening videos, but yes guys even after all the massive leaks yesterday talking about all the exotics, all the lost sectors, all the strikes, all the story missions and so forth which I have covered by the way which I will state they do include plenty of spoilers, I will in the video description know if you want to check them out, I am still hyped for things to come, I seriously am, not long now people literally four days until we get to play Destiny 2, I cannot wait, and under that note guys I am out, let me know down below in that comment section what you're most looking forward to, the raid, Trials of the Nine, just playing the game in general, let me know down below, thanks as always for stopping by if you're new around here and enjoy daily Destiny videos, be sure to subscribe and I will as always guys, see you on that next one.


Making an accessible video. I'm Terrell Thompson. I'm IT accessibility specialist at the University of Washington. Video is a really powerful medium and benefits a lot of people, but also creates some barriers. So if somebody who is unable to hear the video, then they need some equivalent to the audio. So that's where captions come in. Captions My name is Doug Heyman. I work at the University of Washington in the Accessible Technology Services Group. And my function here at this group is working around captioning efforts. More and more people are using videos in their technology instructions or even providing information about their groups if they're using an outward-facing webpage and they're relying on YouTube clips or Vimeo or Facebook or a whole variety of different modes. And they're maybe not thinking about the end users benefiting from captions. And that could be not only people who are deaf, hard of hearing, but also people who English is not their primary language or somebody that's in a distracted environment where they can't turn up the volume and they can turn the captions on if they're available and be able to take in the same information. In Spring 2017, a popular new class was offered at the University of Washington. Although there were no requests for captions from students in the class, its instructors decided that all lectures would be posted online with captions. All right, today we're going to talk about fake news. I'm Carl Bergstrom. I'm a professor in the Department of Biology. I'm Jeven West. I'm an assistant professor in the Information School. So this class is a brand new class that we're teaching called Calling Bullshit in the Age of Big Data. And it's something we've been wanting to teach for a long time. We kind of been dreaming about doing it and we've actually been able to put together for this quarter. The main idea of the class is to teach people how to see through BS in quantitative forms because these days instead of just getting fancy rhetoric, we're getting an awful lot of misleading graphs and figures and tables and models and algorithms. And the point of this course is to help students learn to challenge those and see when they're being misled by that kind of information. For this class, we wanted to move beyond just the 160 students in our classroom. We wanted to scale to the world and we're thinking big about this class just because we think these skills are really, really important. So if you're scaling to the world and you want to have a world audience, we wanted to make it as accessible to as many people as possible. Not only are they useful when they're hearing challenges, but it can be useful when English is not your first language. I'm not the easiest to understand when I'm speaking. And so I've had people email and say they appreciated the captioning because it was much easier for them as an English's second or third or fourth language person to be able to follow what was going on in the classes. So that was this added bonus and really contributed, I think, to this worldwide accessibility that we're aiming for. Because the class uses sometimes jargon, just like any class on a university, someone can go back and try to hear exactly what that word was. They can see it in print. Students, including Austin Wright Pettibone, say the captioned lectures have been a bonus. They're like another set of notes. You know, it really helps me engage with the material because I can be in lecture and just have my entire focus on what's being told to me. And then I can go back and really come and supplement my learning with the videos themselves. I think it's critical to helping us to process that information because as we're getting so much of this being thrown at us, we need to make sure we can take that step back and that's what those videos help us do. When you create captions, be sure to leave enough room on the screen so the captions won't cover people's faces or important content. This is a good way to frame interviews so there's enough room on the screen for captions and other graphics. My name is Cheryl Bergstahler and I direct accessible technology services at the University of Washington in Seattle. But this interview is framed too tight for captions and name graphics. My name is Cheryl Bergstahler and I direct accessible technology services at the University of Washington in Seattle. When you create captions, use one or two lines of text. Caption the exact wording of speakers including slang. Synchronize captions with the audio content. Use both uppercase and lowercase letters. Another recent video, Best of UW 2016, included captions for a very different reason. I'm Gina Hills. I'm the web communications director for university marketing and communications. This year's video was all visual with music. We did close caption the video. The first stage was we put a little thing that said music on there. But then one of the people in our department went a step further. They described the music in captions. If you watch that video, the music contributes significantly to the emotion that the video creates. So it is featuring a lot of the really wonderful things that have happened at the university over the last year in 2016. And the music builds and swells and just becomes much more dramatic as the piece grows. And so they revised the captions and really did an excellent job, I think, of capturing exactly what the music is doing throughout this piece as it grows and swells. Audio description. The other thing that's interesting about the Best of UW 2016 is that it was entirely music. There's no spoken audio.  So they hear the music and it's a wonderful piece. But to them it's just a music video. They have no idea that all these wonderful things happened at the university. So all those details are missing for them. And so that particularly is a video that requires audio description. Mary Claire King, National Medal of Science, UW and Microsoft break record for DNA data storage. A collage of photos, inaugural Husky 100. We covered all bases, all audiences, and didn't leave anybody out in terms of experiencing the previous year at the university. I think that this is a good model for what we can do and what we should do and what we should aspire to. Final thoughts. One suggestion I have to other institutions is to think clearly about what they're going to do proactively and what they're going to do reactively. For instance, when it comes to captioning videos, we believe strongly that every video should be captioned on our campus, but that's probably not going to happen at least overnight. So we have two approaches. One is we make sure that our disability services offices caption videos immediately, like within a day or two when they're asked for an accommodation from a person who's deaf. But that's not where we end. That's not where we stop because there are a lot of people that look at videos that are not even enrolled in courses. So on the publicly available videos, we have a service where we will find funding centrally to caption those videos. We're very appreciative of the help we're getting. We know how difficult it is to add these extra features and we've had tremendous support. They send in the videos. They come back captioned. They look great and people are consuming them. It's a win for everybody. To find out more about creating accessible videos, consult uw.edu slash accessibility. This video was funded by UWIT, Copyright 2017, University of Washington. Permission is granted to copy these materials for educational, non-commercial purposes provided the source is acknowledged.


I was in the Marine Corps for nine years, definitely coming out of the military, especially with having a family, was a scary transition. I didn't really know it was on the outside, as well as, you know, really that level of uncertainty is what makes it the scariest. I went to school before I joined the Marine Corps, and this was in 2003, and we were paying upwards of $30,000 a year. So I had come into the Marine Corps with a bit of debt on my shoulders, and it's an overwhelming feeling. The Yellow Ribbon Program is really the reason why I'm able to come to school at a private institution such as Drexel, while having a family and be able to afford it. The Yellow Ribbon Program is an agreement that the university participates in, or a university can participate in, with the Department of Veterans Affairs. So it's not something that's actually given to the student, it's something that the university participates in that is in conjunction with the post-911 GI Bill. So whereas the GI Bill is given to the actual student veteran, the university participates in the Yellow Ribbon Program, and together they combine to provide essentially, you know, full tuition for a student veteran. Every veteran who reaches out says, how do I participate in the Yellow Ribbon Program? How do I apply for those benefits? And it's nothing you apply to, at least for us. It's nothing you apply to. It's really you're just applying to the university, you're then providing your certificate of eligibility, which indicates that you're 100% eligible for your post-911 GI Bill, and after that, everything else just falls into place with the Yellow Ribbon Program.


Well, I grew up hearing my father play in a piano trio setting and seeing him put together rhythm sections for great musicians like Sonny Stitt and Clark Terry whenever they played New Orleans as singles This gave me a special love and feeling for the rhythm section panel bass and drum I Want all y'all to start noticing rhythm sections when you see them Rhythm sections are everywhere all over the world This afternoon in hotel lounges tonight in clubs fulfilling different functions for small gatherings of people paying Scant to no attention You could be the greatest horn player in the world But you try playing a two-hour gig with no rhythm section They see behind you But they determine the overall environment of every moment the rhythm section understands better than anyone That jazz requires Servant leadership Throughout the 20th century jazz expanded and sent as greatest soloists around the world with messages of peace Love and like Rob was saying universal humanism During the same time frame our same world was potmarked with despots Herders and strong men who would be king For some reason when given the choice between participating in our own affairs are abdicating responsibility to a solve every problem through persecuting someone else king a Population just loves to choose that strong man It's actually very primal and simple That king is going to punish other persons He's doing it for us because the best way to ameliorate our anxiety To ameliorate our anxiety is to find some designated Unfortunates to sacrifice for just cause of course This is an age-old and very sad script these other persons need to be chastised for being themselves The anointed strong man oppresses and eliminates other persons But eventually He starts attacking and liquidating a random selection of his own people for conspiring Against him. I mean the state and because he has a lifetime appointment The king administers swift justice to a broad swath of the very people that initially supported his kingship as His supporters perish They patriotically shout long live the king A king and jazz does the complete opposite jazz comes from the experience of other persons Therefore our royalty elevates the supposed enemy instead of subjugating them The music has clear practices designed to constrain the dominion of the powerful For example a soloist can stand up and play as long as they want But if you get too carried away in the rhythm section does a thing called breathing when you're playing too long boom boom boom They rededicate that means please stop playing If you walk through two of those breaths guess what they're gonna do you don't want to play with us you got this One horn It's a pretty sad sound after a while They let you have it and they just look at you and when you finish they look at you like okay


Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to today's change of command ceremony where Lieutenant General John S. Koloshevsky will relinquish command of 5th Corps and the Task Force Victory Area of Operations to Lieutenant General Charles D. Costanza. General Darryl A. Williams, the commanding general of U.S. Army Europe and Africa, will officiate today's ceremony and has deferred honors to Lieutenant General Koloshevsky. Please join me in welcoming Wojewoda Agata Sobczyk, Lieutenant General Marek Sokolowski, and Mr. Daniel Lawton, a warm welcome to all of our families, distinguished guests, allies, and partners. Thank you for being here today. The commander of troops for today's ceremony is Colonel Fred Dente, Chief of Staff, 5th Corps. The color guard is from headquarters and headquarters battalion and is led by Command Sergeant Major Philip Blaisdale, the 5th Corps Command Sergeant Major. The music for today's ceremony is performed by the 3rd Infantry Division Band under the direction of Sergeant First Class Ryer and the Polish Air Force Band under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel Joks. And I'm your voice of victory, Sergeant First Class Brian Chapman. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we ask all who are able to please rise for the arrival of the official party and to remain standing for the rendering of honors and the invocation by Chaplain Felsenberg. Let us pray. May Almighty God join us for today's ceremony and bless all those in attendance. Although times may change and may leaders may come and go, it is your divine presence in our lives that remains constant and forever certain. Nevertheless, it is incumbent upon us to salute leadership. Those who have been chosen to lead America's finest, as well as the service members of our ally and partner nations who train and serve alongside 5th Corps. The countless lives saved by 5th Corps' ability to deter aggression and the credit and merit for its ability to do so has set squarely and reliably on the shoulders of one man above all others for over three and a half years. We thank God for affording us to the superior leadership of Lieutenant General Kulaszewski and we pray that divine blessings be upon him and his family in all future endeavors. Having excelled under his command, 5th Corps now stands poised to embrace Lieutenant General Kostanza. We ask that the Lord bless his leadership, enabling 5th Corps to go from strength to strength. Watch over him as he leads through times of both trial and triumph. Lastly, we ask our Heavenly Father that he who makes peace in heaven above grant peace here on earth for us all and let us say Amen. Please be seated. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, specialists to set from 2nd Calvary Regiment and member of the Victory Corps and United States Army Europe and Africa Best Squad Competition winner is presenting a bouquet of red roses to Mrs. Buffy Kulaszewski. Red roses are symbolic of her devotion and dedication to the soldiers, families, and civilians of 5th Corps. They also represent 5th Corps' love and appreciation for her many contributions to the command and the community during her tenure here across Task Force Victory. Ma'am, your presence will be missed. Now, a ceremonial shell casings are being presented to Lieutenant General Kulaszewski, as we bid him farewell, and Lieutenant General Kostanza, officially welcoming him to the Victory Team. These shells were fired in a 21-gun salute by a firing detachment in Fort Knox, Kentucky, in honor of this change of command. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we ask all that are able to please stand for the playing of the Polish National Anthem, followed by the United States National Anthem. Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, please welcome the acting GenCon commander, Lieutenant General Marek Sokolowski. Many wise words were said today, which would be difficult for me to top. So, I will be the short brief. Today, we say goodbye not only to a great commander, but above all to great friend. A man who, thanks to his Polish roots, understood the specific of our country, of Allied armoured forces, but also to the Polish American-USA relationship. I hope that General Kulaszewski has not yet said the last word in a beautiful career. Wish him, with all my heart, good luck, Johnny, good luck, Jan. Thank you very much. Well done. Thank you for the cooperation and the relationship between the Polish Army and the USA Army. Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the deputy chief of mission, Mr. Daniel Lawton. Dzień dobry, good morning. It's a privilege to join you on this important day for Fifth Corps. General Williams, commanding general of the United States Army Europe and Africa, and General Papas, commanding general of the United States Army Forces Command, thank you especially for being here. And to our friends in Poland, especially Pani Wojde, Agata Sobczyk, and General Szokolowski, thank you for being such gracious hosts to U.S. troops. Today, today we're honoring Lieutenant General Kulaszewski, and his contributions as the commander of the U.S. Army Fifth Corps. It's the culmination of 35 years of service. General, thank you. Thank you for everything you've done for our country, for Poland, and for freedom around the world. And we also welcome the new Victory Six, the call sign for the commander of Fifth Corps Lieutenant General Charles Konstanza. Ambassador Brzezinski regrets he could not be here today for this change of command ceremony, but he wanted me to share his congratulations, his personal congratulations, and well wishes to both of you. And we also thank, and we also know that your work could not be done without the true support of your families. So thank you to Buffy Kulaszewski, thank you for being such an advocate for Fifth Corps families. We know you've gained a lifelong friend here in Poland. And to General Konstanza, I know you will find a welcoming community here. This is a critical time in history. President Biden has called it an inflection point. Russian President Putin's brutal war of aggression threatens more than just the sovereignty of Ukraine. It's an assault on transatlantic peace and security.  In Fifth Corps, Fifth Corps has stepped up in a big way. You are a key part of the United States' pledge to protect every inch of NATO territory. And I know President Biden was so pleased to host President Duda and Prime Minister Tusk on March 12th at the White House on the 25th anniversary of Poland's accession to NATO. In Fifth Corps, you are a key part of ensuring the enduring legacy of 75 years of collective defense, an anniversary and milestone that we are celebrating in July this year at the NATO summit in Washington, D.C. There's been no more successful defensive alliance in the history of mankind than NATO. Under the command of General Kulaszewski, Fifth Corps has taken the lead on warfighter exercises, and this training has shown our ability to function seamlessly with Poland as well as other allies and partners. It shows that we are building an interoperable force to deter potential adversaries. And Fifth Corps has also helped launch the European Heimars Initiative, a series of conferences and workshops that help ensure that Poland can effectively man, train, sustain and fight with this important weapon system. In general, I know you've carried Ambassador Brzezinski's message forward that every soldier, every American soldier here is also a diplomat. And you've inspired the American soldiers coming to Poznan to adhere to this message. And I know they are grateful and so respectful to our Polish hosts. These actions and so much more are the reason that President Duda awarded General Kulaszewski the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of Poland last year. This is an incredible honor that also reflects all of Fifth Corps' work in strengthening our ironclad friendship with Poland. Under President Biden, the establishment of a permanent headquarters here in Poznan was truly historic. And we've also established our first permanent garrison in Poland right here in Poznan. And the Army preposition stock facility in Powocz is scheduled to be fully operational this year. And I'm confident that our cooperation with Poland will grow under the command of General Gonstanza. He recently served as the commander of the Third Infantry Division. And coincidentally, they are currently stationed in Bolesławicz, where General Nori, who replaced General Gonstanza, is working. Thank you, General Nori, for being with us as well today. So, General Gonstanza, you are surrounded by old friends and you are surrounded by new friends here in Poland. We're looking forward to working alongside you as you deepen the special and strategic friendship between the United States and Poland. Gratuluję, congratulations, and best wishes to General Koloszewski, his family, every success to General Gonstanza and his family. Thank you so much. Headquartered in Fort Knox, Kentucky, and executing operations across the Greater European Continent, United States Army Fifth Corps is America's only permanently forward deployed corps. From Scandinavia to the Black Sea region, Task Force Victory is the Army's premier warfighting corps, providing sustained assurance and deterrence operations against enemy threats in Eastern Europe. The corps remains focused on building allies and partners' capabilities and capacity to respond to crisis, and if deterrence fails, defend the sovereignty of NATO territory alongside our allies and partners. The change of command is an event that is rich with symbolism and heritage. The focus of the ceremony is the passing of the organizational colors. The organizational colors represent not only the lineage and honor of the unit, but also the loyalty and unity of its soldiers. The colors are the commander's symbol of authority and represent the responsibilities to the organization. Wherever the commander is, there, too, are the colors. Today, the Fifth Corps Command Sergeant Major, Command Sergeant Major Philip B. Blaisdale, the custodian of the colors, will pass the colors to the outgoing commander, Lieutenant General John S. Koloshevsky, for the last time. The outgoing commander then relinquishes his command by passing the colors to the senior commander, General Daryl Williams, the U.S. Army, Europe, and Africa commanding general, who is his senior in the chain of command. The senior commander then passes the colors, and hints the command to the incoming commander, Lieutenant General Charles Costanza, where he will serve as the new commander of Fifth Corps. This time-onored process is complete. Back to the Command Sergeant Major, charging him with maintaining the symbol of the command. Forty of Army Regulation 600-20, the undersigned assumes command, Fifth Corps, and tasks victory, effective 08 April, 2024. Ladies and gentlemen, the U.S. RAF commanding general, General Daryl A. Williams. Unseat colors. Viadbas Sobchik, Mayor Jaskowski, Deputy Chief of Mission, Mr. Lawton, General Retired Mika, my good friend, Drew Poppins from U.S. Forces Command. Good morning and Jindobre. I'd like to also get a hand for the Third ID Band and the Polish Armed Forces Band. Colonel Yokes, good to see you again. Aren't they great? Also to the Soldiers on Parade, thank you. You make us all proud. It's a great day to be here in Kamp Koziosko, named after a hero of the American Revolutionary War, a Polish officer that came to the United States aid at our time of need. It is fitting that we conduct today's ceremony at a location that commemorates Polish American cooperation as we face renewed threats together. I stand before you today with immense pride and gratitude as we reflect upon the exceptional tenure of General John Koloszewski as the commanding general of United States Army Fifth Corps. But today, as we bid farewell to John, we also extend our heartfelt appreciation to his dedicated wife, Buffy, who has stood steadfastly by his side throughout his remarkable journey. Buffy, your unwavering support and sacrifices have enabled John to serve with distinction. And for that, we are proudly grateful. Joining us virtually are John and Buffy's three daughters, Kelly, Emily, and Chrissy. Their support from afar is a testament to the strength and resilience of the Koloszewski family. I would also like to acknowledge the other civil officials and general officers assembled here to mark this occasion, but especially Major General Chris Norrie, commanding General of Third Infantry Division, who is here today to honor his brother-in-law, John. Activated in 1918, during World War I, U.S. Fifth Corps played pivotal roles in both World Wars, notably in D-Day, the Battle of Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge during World War II. Throughout the Cold War, it stood ready to defend the full, the gap. It later contributed to troops in the Persian Gulf War, Iraqi freedom and enduring freedom, supporting numerous major campaigns and operations. It's back in Europe at a critical part of our ally deterrence posture. With a legacy of adaptability and excellence throughout its history, it has demonstrated resilience, professionalism, and a commitment to mission success. With names of former commanders etched into our history books, including Samaral, Jiro, Abrams, Starrie, Pau, and now John Koloszewski, Fifth Corps has had a wealth of leadership. Now for a few of my thoughts. John's strategic timing and personal commitment ensured the Corps met urgent operational needs in Europe, achieving full certification within a year of activation and establishing Victory Corps forward here in Poznan as the U.S.'s only forward core. John brought Fifth Corps back to Europe. The Corps and its two divisions integrated with our allies and partners, executing its assure and deter mission in support of NATO. I cannot think of a better example to demonstrate the strength and resilience of Fifth Corps than its contribution to the newly formed multinational forward land forces battle groups following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Amidst all these achievements, Lieutenant General Koloszewski fostered enduring relationships with our allies and partners, enhancing interoperability and reinforcing European security architecture. Today, as a key component of U.S. Army Europe and Africa, Fifth Corps continues to uphold its tradition of service and remains ready to meet current and future challenges. Fifth Corps, forward in Europe, is perhaps more important than ever before. It's here for the long term, focused on NATO's eastern flank, ready to turn and if need, respond to Russian aggression as part of SAKIR's new regional plans. We're going to build infrastructure. We're going to continue to build and train lethal war fighting teams and, of course, continue to build great relationships with our allies and our partners. Speaking of allies and partners, John, a few words from one of our friends to show you how much your work meant to our NATO allies. From Lieutenant General Pasi Valamaki, Commander, Finnish Army, and I quote, Victory Six and victory support and cooperation with the Finnish Army has been essential as we integrate into NATO. Today, our readiness with our allies and our war fighting capabilities within the Alliance are better than before. Victory Six, my friend, John, it's been a privilege and honor to serve shoulder to shoulder with you. I wish Buffy and your family health and happiness. Today, we are stronger together because of your determined and pragmatic leadership. And that's just one example. All of our allies last night and through the last few days, as John has made his tour, have echoed that similar sentiment. So as we bid farewell to Lieutenant General John Kulaszewski and his family, we also extend a warm welcome to Lieutenant General Charlie Kassanza. As you assume the role of commanding General Fithkor, I offer my heartfelt congratulations. Your appointment comes at a pivotal moment as we transition to NATO regional plans.  I would like to recognize that your family and support they give you, including your two daughters, Claire, who's a data analyst and Emma, who is in medical school at Emory.  A little bit about Fithkor's newest leader. With a distinguished career spanning over decades, Charlie has commanded units at all levels, including as commanding general of the Third Infantry Division. He has served in various operational deployments and combat tours, including Operation Joint Guard Bosnia Herzegovina, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Inherent Resolve. With the wealth of military education experience, Lieutenant General Kassanza brings invaluable leadership and expertise to his new role. We know that your leadership and guidance will build upon the strong foundation laid by your predecessors. As you embark on this new journey, Charlie, rest assured of we are rest assured of unwavering support and commitment to the success of Fithkor under your command. As you take the helm, I offer you one piece of advice and guidance. Army senior leadership refers to us as the tip of the joint force spear. Your most important job is to keep that spear sharp. You are truly at the tip of NATO's spear. Your understanding, your planning, your readiness are critical to strengthening security and stability, to increasing deterrence, to building interoperability with our allies and partners, and if necessary to defeating current and future threats to the NATO Alliance. Charlie, I extend my best wishes to you, your family, and the Fithkor team. I know you are ready for the challenges we face, and I look forward to facing them with you. Welcome aboard and Godspeed. Thank you, stronger together for the soldier. Ladies and gentlemen, Lieutenant General John S. Koloshevsky. This is Sergeant Major Blaisdell. If it's okay, can I just kind of tell him to shake it out here real quick? So go ahead, please just shake it out there. Go ahead, stand at ease. Go ahead. There you go. All right. Okay. No push-ups there, General Norrie. No squats there, Pat. So, okay. Well, good morning in Gendobre. My name is John Koloshevsky, and I'm a Fithkor soldier. Today is a special day, a celebration for this storied organization, and most importantly our allies and partners. It is also a very humbling day for my family and me. We thank you all for being here. I, too, would like to first welcome our distinguished host country leaders, led by the acting Gencom commander, Lieutenant General S. Koloshevsky. Please pass all my best to both the Polish deputy prime minister and minister of national defense, as well as the Polish chad, General Kukula. I know both tried to make today's ceremony, but we're unable. Welcome to the U.S. State Department, led by our deputy chief of mission, Mr. Lawton. Welcome to our allies and partners from around Europe. Thank you for your steadfast support of our soldiers and our mission. I want to also give special recognition to the SACURA and the commander of U.S. European Command, General Kivoli. Today's host and land com and usuraf command in general, General Williams. And to our force com commander, General Popis and his predecessor, General Mike Garrett. Gentlemen, you have my deepest appreciation and thanks for your steadfast leadership, your support, and for always providing direction, purpose, and motivation to me, this core, and our units. A special recognition to all the civilian and military leaders from across Poland, especially the city of Poznan, and also U.S. Army garrison, Poland. And then back across the Atlantic to Fort Knox and its surrounding communities for being such great host for our fifth core headquarter soldiers, Department of the Army civilians, and families. Our job would be much more difficult if not for your tremendous support. So thank you. The Command Sergeant's Major Blaisdale in Bohannon. Sergeant Major Williams, Fred Dente in the fifth core staff, the color guard in both bands. So just on the bands, Lieutenant General Yokes has not been demoted and pushed over to the band. This is actually a family affair. So Colonel Yokes and Brother Adam Lieutenant General Yokes are with us here today. But thank you all of those that have participated in coming together for this special occasion. We are so proud of each one of you. To my fellow U.S. senior leaders, including Tony Agudo, Major General Reagan, Mr. Meis, and to my fifth core Deputy Commanding Generals, Major Generals Tomlinson, Kingsbury, Jablonsky, and Lambert, thank you for your friendship, leadership, and wise counsel. By my count, I have had 10 Deputy Commanding Generals during my ride with the Victory Corps to include two former DCGs with us today, Lieutenant General Adam Yokes and Major General Matt Van Wagonen. I've also had the privilege to serve with three of the best non-commission officers in our Army in Command Sergeant's Major Webb, Harris, and now Phil's Blaisdale. Your support and friendship were invaluable. And Lord knows I needed the help. Same with the first class staff led by Fred Dente in our own HHBN, led by Jordan Bradford in Command Sergeant Major O'Malley. Thank you. I know it has not been easy keeping up with me in the mission, but you've done it in spades. And finally, I've had the privilege to serve alongside the leadership of six different U.S. divisions in countless brigades, including 12th CAB, 41st FAB, 2CR, and 4th S-FAB, all with unique personalities and contributions to the mission. To my successor, Lieutenant General Costanza Charlie, first congratulations on your promotion. Third Star looks good. And you wear it well. You could not be inheriting a finer set of national relationships or a finer group of soldiers. I am so glad that the Army picked you to lead this Corps into the future. I rest well knowing that task force victory is in such capable hands. Almost exactly 75 years ago, as of this past Thursday, 4 April, the founding document of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formally signed in Washington, D.C., by its 12th inaugural members. The party's words were, and I quote, determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage, and civilization of their peoples founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law. They seek to promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area. They are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defense and for the preservation of peace and security. To the today, these words still ring true with the ironclad commitment of now a full 32 treaty members who will gather later, as mentioned, this summer in Washington, D.C., for the next NATO summit and to reaffirm this commitment. Today's ceremony, like everything this headquarters and its troopers do, also reaffirms the United States commitment to European security and prosperity, specifically to NATO's eastern flank. Make no mistake, security is not a given. More than at any other period in the last 30 years here in Europe, we face dangers and uncertainty. Russian aggression in Ukraine threatens the freedoms and values for which previous generations fought so violently. I am certain, however, that the United States and our allies and partners will always face this aggression head-on. Victory Corps was purpose-built for this mission and has not and will not waver. Fifth Corps played a critical role in here in Europe from World War World War I through the Cold War until its inactivation in 2013. And starting again in August 2020, our colors were unfurled in the beautiful Polish city of Krakow at Kacusko's mound, named for the same Polish and American hero as this fine camp that we call home. The list of accomplishments since our initial activations is long, achieving full operational capability in a short 12 months, during a global pandemic, immediately responding to Russia's illegal and unprovoked invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, conducting numerous exercises, war games, and warfighting symposiums with many of the allies and partners in attendance today, and expanding our relationships and network of friends as we move forward. The 24th of February 2022 changed Europe forever. It created the most complex threat environment seen in several generations. Despite this, the 32 members of the alliance stand as one. The mission is important, the threat real, and our service right here, right now, matters. While there is still work to be done, the consequence of anything but victory is high. And through it all, you did it with a sense of purpose and flair, understanding that failure was never an option. Whether a rotational unit or an assigned unit, you exemplified our promise, America's promise to honor our treaty obligations and to defend this alliance. And we continue to invest our most precious resource, each of you on the field today, and the thousands of soldiers you represent. We also recognize that our success is not what we have done individually, but because of what we have accomplished collectively, shoulder to shoulder alongside our European friends and sisters units, sister units. To those who have joined us during warfighter exercise, other command post exercises, multinational training events, and warfighting symposiums, especially those who have made the trip, the long trip to celebrate with us in person, to include the commanders, the deputy commanders and chiefs of staff or representatives from all 10 NATO corps, to General Mika, Lieutenant General's Marlowe, Sokolowski, Van Sondra, Jokes, Jacob, Gowen, Perrin, Tomescu, Major Generals, Cleese, Dan Palm, Wagner, Rank, Radvelis, as well as all five Polish based division commanders and the many others that are in attendance that I may have missed. I simply want to say thank you.  It was a Polish child, General Kukola, who recently said it best, you can always count on me. You can always count on me and I have. So thank you. Today I hand over this corps with pride, believing that our service together has made a positive difference to secure the peace in Europe. This collective team will succeed against whatever challenge they may face. And Charlie, I look forward to seeing you take the corps to new heights and I'm confident you will. And finally, a special thank you to my wife, Buffy, for your love in your devotion and to our three daughters, Kelly, Emily and Chrissy. I know these last three years, three and a half years have not been easy, but your support for me in this outfit has been critical.  You are simply the finest people I know. And thank you for everything that you've done. And to Marne Six, Major General Chris Norrie, who has also had the unfortunate distinction of being my brother-in-law. Thanks, Chris, for your support on this journey together.  I know that if my father were still here with us today, he would be beaming with pride. And just to be clear there, Pat works, EG 82nd Airborne Division, and all of the assigned brigades, 3rd ID got hit with just as many tasks and asks as you. There was no special family discounts to the 3rd Infantry Division, regardless of what you might hear. But in closing, thank you again for the privilege of serving with such a noble collection of professionals. I have been humbled to stand in your ranks. My deepest appreciation to the Corps and to the Army for allowing me the honor of a lifetime. And to Poland, and as a Polish American myself, thank you. It truly has been a privilege to lead this formation from right here in Poznan. My name is John Koloszewski, and I will always be a 5th Corps soldier. Victoria, it will be done stronger together. Ladies and gentlemen, the commander of 5th Corps and Task Force Victory, Lieutenant General Charles D. Costanza. Distinguished guests, family, friends, ladies and gentlemen, thank you all for being here. To my family, my friends, and those I've been fortunate enough to serve with, both here in the United States, both here and in the United States, thank you for the love and support over the past 33 years that helped make this day possible. First, I want to recognize and thank John and Buffy Koloszewski, who over the past three years, through hard work and much personal sacrifice, quickly built 5th Corps from the ground up in order to assure our NATO allies deter Russian aggression and maintain peace and freedom in Europe. John and Buffy, thank you for everything you've done, not only over the past three years, but over a career spanning over three decades to service to our country, our soldiers, Department of Army civilians and their families. Thank you. Let's give John and Buffy one more round of applause, please. I am proud once again to be part of the 5th Corps family, the Victory Corps, America's 4th Deployed Corps. 5th Corps' origins and in its history has always been tied to Europe. As General Williams described, 5th Corps had a connection to Europe since it was established in 1918 as part of the Allied Expeditionary Force in World War I. It fought to help free Europe in World War II, and its forward presence in Europe during the Cold War contributed to the fall of the Soviet Union. Now 5th Corps is once again forward deployed in Europe during another challenging and critically important time as 5th Corps, with our NATO allies, deter Russian aggression and continue to maintain peace in Europe. I'm also proud to be part of my new Polish family. I might have to change my last name, it's Italian, it's not Polish, but we'll work on that, right General Yokes? Okay. Ms. Poland is now my new home. I look forward to learning from you all, training with you all, and if required, fighting alongside you as we once did in World War II, the Balkans, Iraq and Afghanistan. As you all are very well aware, and as General Koloshevsky described, last week marked NATO's 75 years of collective defense across Europe and North America. NATO is the most successful defense alliance in history, and I am blessed to be served as part of the NATO family during what is perhaps the most critical and dangerous time in the alliance's history. We are truly stronger together. I look forward to continuing to build wartime readiness with you, our NATO partners. In order to deter Russian aggression and if required, defeat that aggression should deterrence fail, in order to defend every inch of NATO territory and create a more peaceful and prosperous future for all of us, for our children and for our grandchildren. Before I walk off, I would be remiss if I did not recognize the best damn band in the land, the Third Infantry Division Band. Great to see you all again. General Williams, recognizing that Fifth Corps is the tip of the spear, as you described, I promise that I will keep that spear sharp. It will be done stronger together. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time we ask all who are able to please rise for playing the Fifth Corps song and the Army song, and then remain standing for the departure of the colors. This concludes today's ceremony. The combined band will now play a special dedication to Lieutenant General Kuleshevsky, my way by Frank Sinatra. Please join General Williams in congratulating Lieutenant General Kostanza in a receiving line in Building 52 and bid farewell to Lieutenant General and Mrs. Kuleshevsky on the parade field. Please remember to visit the i-lab before 1300, and also visit one of the armored transport displays located around the track provided by the Polish Army. Thank you for attending. It will be done. Victory!


everybody Matt here for latent sports cards ripping one box of 2022 Panini national treasures collegiate football and this is for Maximilian W good luck Maximilian here we go my first chance to rip NT collegiate football this year all right first up 99 Lawrence Taylor this is jumbo jersey to 75 Hassan Haskins and silhouette jumbo jersey auto to 99 Tony Pollard as we only have six other boxes in queue right now so grab up your boxes if you want something ripped nice Pollard and rookie patch auto five of five Kenneth Walker there you go Maximilian good time to get this one he's a you get his chance to shine this is silhouette rookie jersey auto to 99 Carson Strong and silhouette jersey auto to 75 Tyler Boyd right there he is rookie patch auto to 49 Kenny Pickett there you go congrats Maximilian 30 of 49 very nice picket RPA this is rookie silhouette bull patch auto 8 of 10 Derek Stingley Jr nice bull patch these collegiate products man the patches are just ridiculous these ball patches that is awesome there you go great box for you Maximilian that'll do it for your break appreciate the purchase we'll get these shipped right out to you