Hi, everybody. Welcome back to this 10 books podcast. I'm Paul Ken Gore. I've got Steve Cunningham, who's the producer. And we have here today, Dr. Stacy Tresenko's and Father George Elliott. And they're talking about their new book, Behold It is I, Scripture, Tradition and Science in the Real Presence. And this is a fascinating book. It's just been done by 10 books. In fact, confession here, I don't even have a I don't have a hard copy yet. I got I got a PDF. And so it's normally as I've done these podcasts and the before people could watch and see, I hold the book and I've got it all marked up and I read from annotations. So I can't do that here today, but I've got the PDF in front of me, got a whole bunch of questions. This is such an important work. But let me just begin first by saying, Stacy, Father George, welcome. Thanks for joining us. Thank you. Thanks for having us. Sure, sure. So we're going to start this while this this is this is a fascinating book. It's divided into three parts. First, what does the Bible say to what do the church fathers say? And then three, what does science say? So very much like the title says, Scripture, traditions, science and science and the real presence. I my own background to this and I think this might be similar to Stacy as well. I'm a convert. I'm a convert to Catholicism. I've talked about this on the show a number of times. I don't think I ever talked about this on the show and I probably will a little bit today, but I want to talk more about the book, rather than my own experience, one of the major reasons I came into the church was the real presence, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. And I think I've told the story before on one of these podcasts. This kind of moment of decision when I was trying to figure out what am I going to do? Am I going to convert my wife was ready to come into the church? We were in the Presbyterian Church USA Church PC USA and we were in the backyard and we got this note from our church and it was concerning our oldest son, our oldest child. And it said that it was time for him to start taking classes on receiving his first communion. And my wife, I can still remember this. She you know, she she held up this letter in the backyard and said, Okay, what do you want them to teach your son about the Eucharist? Right? And so that was kind of a line in the sand. And I said, All right, give me, I said a date, I got make a decision by this point. And I completely immersed myself in exactly this question of the real presence. And my pastor God bless him such a great guy. He tried to talk me out of it by giving me books, trying to debunk the church fathers and saying that Augustine believe it was just a symbol and not the real presence and so forth. All of which when I read that book only as I checked that book convinced me even more and more that the Roman Catholic Church was was right on this. So I got to point 2005 where I decided that's it I'm coming in came into the church. And so with that set up for my own personal story. I'll start with Stacy I guess and then Father George. Tell us about how you came to this question how you came to this topic and that does that's how you came to this book Stacy. Well, I came to this book kind of actually you would think that I would I would say that science brought me to this book but it's actually the other way around one of the biggest messages I tried to convey consistent with Father Stanley Yaki the priest and physicist whose work I study is your faith should never be dependent on science as wonderful as science is it is not where we draw our faith. Nature is creation creation is the handiwork of God we can look in creation and be inspired that God exists and be inspired at his handiwork but our face should never rest on science and so I actually was a little disappointed in some of the research with with the Eucharistic miracles and wanted a chance to look into those more and that whole question about what does science say about the Eucharistic miracles let us to write the last part of this book. The Father Elliott has the real proofs of the real presence in the Eucharist. Well, let me stop you right there and by the way I got to tell people watching this that Stacy is in a Mustang a 2020 Mustang and wearing sunglasses so she gets the award for looking the coolest of anybody whose who's ever done the show but but but on that point if I could just stop you right there Stacy I mean one thing that's really frustrated me you know as as somebody who's you know done graduate work and and I was in the hard sciences to I was actually a biochem biophysics major worked for the Oregon transplant team the University of Pittsburgh is a long story. My PhD isn't in that it's in political science but but like I'm doing a book right now for 10 books and another subject I'm going to talk about it today but but it involves it going through a lot of websites and it is so hard to pin down accurate data. There is so much junk out there you find yourself like screaming at the at the at the computer screen uncharably but berating the people who put together the website right you know for not spelling things correctly for not sourcing things where does this come from where does that come from where does this so you really have to do a lot of your own digging and fact-checking and putting together something like this. Yes and the way it started out I mean there's a whole story behind this book of course it really started out with Bishop Strickland asking me to do talks on the Eucharistic Miracles and I did those talks but I prefaced it with a hesitation I said I am just repeating stories and as a chemist I'm not comfortable just repeating other people's interpretation of the data and I I prayed about it I prayed dear God it really be nice if I could see that data and it turns out that the lead investigator for the Buenos Aires Miracles the Eucharistic Miracles actually walked up to Bishop Strickland outside of Sydney Australia when he was there visiting his family and handed him the data and he mailed it to me and said there you go Stacey careful what you pray for what I ended up with the data and so I really didn't have a choice but to look at it and and Father Elliott knows because he was with me all along the way it's not it's not good like the investigations weren't done as well as they could have been and and I started to have serious concerns about how much people are putting their faith in the real presence in the Eucharistic Miracles how much of those stories are repeated uncritically so the book might shake some people up when they read it because I didn't just repeat the stories. Good good okay well let's get back to that Father George let's let's tell us about your background how you came to this and and I should add that you both are in Bishop Strickland's diocese right is this a Tyler Texas correct and he wrote the forward to this book. He did exactly that's right yes so I myself grew up in the diocese of Tyler in Paris Texas I went to the Air Force Academy and actually while I was at the Air Force Academy. I realized I was kind of I was I was running away from God by going to the military they talked about duty and service and answering the call and all of this and so it was actually kind of the the formation at at the Air Force Academy that pushed me to actually answer the call to the priesthood and I entered the seminary as a diocesan seminarian for the diocese of Tyler and studied for three years at St. Charles Borneo in Philadelphia and I was sent to Rome and studied at the University of the Holy Cross in Rome that's Opus Dei University and then I went to the Augusta Augustinianum which is the the patristic Institute in Rome and I got my license from there. And so did anything happen over there made maybe I want to talk about the the Laciano miracle did you did you see things over there that are related to precisely this issue of Eucharistic miracles and so forth other than your academic training I suppose right. Absolutely yeah I had the really one of the kind of highlights of my time in Rome was that as a deacon I was able to go to Orvieto and participate in that beautiful Eucharistic procession that they have on the Feast of Corpus Christi and they they have deacons that well they have this this big platform that they carry the the corporal of the Eucharistic miracle in and then at the very top of this platform is a little monstrance with our Lord in the Blessed Sacrament. So I was able to be one of the deacons that carried the the miracle in the Blessed Sacrament in that Eucharistic procession and so that was one of those times when I really I really fell in love with these Eucharistic miracles. So okay I guess this is jumping ahead a little bit but now though now the one at Orvieto so it's or VI ETO now that now that that is that the Laciano miracle it is not no so the Orvieto Bolsena miracle is is one and the corporal is in Orvieto but the the stone and the ultrasound that the blood fell onto is in Bolsena and happened in Bolsena and then the Laciano one was actually quite prior to that. I'll let actually Dr. Tresonco's is the one that can that's the first one right that we know of like around the year 750 AD. Yes, go ahead. Go ahead. Yeah, the Laciano miracle is is probably the most famous miracle that most people think about when they think of the Eucharistic miracles and it you know I looked into there's something called the Linole report. It is a full investigation done by a medical doctor back in the early 70s. Leonardo Edwardo Linole and he actually did such a thorough investigation. It was published in a scientific journal and and I had access to that. I found it in a book and translated and took a look at that and and he did a very pious devout investigation. But what we have to understand is when Linole came to doing his investigation of the the blood clots and the flesh that the host had turned into flesh and the blood had dried into five clots which is what you can see to this day. He came at it not asking the question. Can science prove this miracle happened? He came at the investigation this miracle happened. He capitalized body capitalized blood the miraculous body the miraculous blood. He assumed the miracle already happened and he did his investigation and and you know he found that the the tissue look like heart tissue and he blood types of blood and all of that and it was a very well done investigation for the early 70s. But you know it as a chemist speaking those investigations are not conclusive like the reason that they would never be absolutely conclusive in the kind of certainty we want from science that science can't give us on anything is there there's no chain of custody with these samples. Right there. It's impossible to get a chain of custody. The earliest time anybody starts writing about these miracles is like a quarter of a century later. So we have the samples. We just don't have any way to know all the way back whether the legend is actually true or not and the scientific data while it does look like it's really flesh and really blood it doesn't it doesn't really prove that it was a bread that turned into flesh or wine that turned into blood and even when I look carefully at his data there's some questions about the way the blood typing was done. There's some questions about the electrophoresis. I think a scientist today would look at that and say it's at best inconclusive. Okay, but but but still compelling nonetheless. If not if not completely conclusive. I think it's compelling if you are willing to believe the testimony of men. But one thing we say in the book is we should always be ready to believe in the testimony of Jesus Christ more than the testimony of men. And so the chain the chain of custody issue. So in other words, you don't know for sure if it if it's exactly what was allegedly there in 750 AD, right? Maybe maybe kind of like akin to the Shroud of Turin maybe, right? You don't know if it's it was actually there. If it can be dated to the year 33, right? Yeah, you can still look at and say, okay, it appears it's something happened here with this fabric or with this tissue that we're holding. But I can't say for sure that it comes from the year 750. Yeah, and it doesn't rule out other other that it's not other things like other primate blood or it doesn't rule out that someone didn't switch it and I'm not trying to prove that's the case. I'm not trying to prove that that's the case at all, but what I'm trying what more than anything, I want to put a damper on people's uncritical faith and science. I'm a chemist. I can say that I want to put a damper on it. There have been some things associated with that miracle that were found out not to be true. Like it is said in the first time they ever examined the blood clots, the five blood clots that each one of those pieces of blood dried blood weighed exactly the same as every other piece. So all five pieces exactly the same weight each and that when all five pieces were put on the scale, the five together had that same exact weight, which would indeed be miraculous. But what people leave out even in the international exhibition on the Eucharist that that the Vatican put together and travels around the world, it even still says in that book that each that same thing that each of the five blood clots weighs the same and all five together weigh the same. But what you find in the record even in the Linole report that was only found to be the case the very first time in all other verifications ever since for hundreds of years ever. The people measuring it have always known that's not true anymore that it that it's not repeatable. And yet even today I've been to teen conferences where that very myth is repeated and it's known it's known not to be the case. The other example is there said to be a who report from the World Health Organization in Geneva in New York where scientists were compelled after 500 tests to admit that science had come to its limits and that something miraculous occurred. That report turned out to be a fraud. A medical doctor went and looked at that report and it was it was a report on an Egyptian mummy with the front page replaced with the launch yanno miracle. And so we got to be careful about repeating those things because God forbid a young person hear that and then find out the truth and say what else are y'all lying about to get me to believe in you know that and that's why this is so critical. Okay then then with the kid that's the launch yanno one tell us about and I was going to start with Old Testament proofs and Malkisa that can so forth. I guess I'm working my way backwards but the can of the of the ones that you talk about in the book including bonus areas which which do you find the most compelling of all the alleged Eucharistic miracles or perhaps most conclusive as far as we can tell. I picked those three that the orvieto Bolsena and launch yanno because they're the three most popular and I find them all in conclusive. I mean there was no scientific investigation done with the orvieto miracle that in the historical accounts the historians say there are inconsistencies. The orvieto miracle was a legend that people talked about and we still celebrate like Father Elliott was saying but in the history that the two biographers of Pope Urban IV who who instituted the Feast of Corpus Christi they don't mention the miracle and he apparently instituted that feast the year after the miracle allegedly occurred and there's no mention of it. There's no mention of it in the liturgies that St. Thomas Aquinas wrote for the Feast of Corpus Christi and the historians question if if the miracle was the reason for the institution of this first universal feast in the whole church. It seems like somebody would have mentioned the miracle in all of that and it's not mentioned so there's that how many I actually have a book on this that's not within reach but how many authenticated or affirmed and I'm trying to find the right word church approved if there if there are such things you could Eucharistic miracles have have there been in the book the Vatican exhibition that that blessed Carlo Acutus put together and the real presence foundation passes around the world I forget the exact numbers I don't have it in front of me but there's something like a hundred and forty something miracles okay and they absolutely any of them could be true God can work a miracle anytime anyway we absolutely have to believe that it's the only logical conclusion faith in a creator will lead to but I think what I think should happen is that there should be better investigations conducted of these miracles and mostly the message that Father Elliott and I wanted to convey we didn't expect to come out in this place because I didn't expect the investigations to be done so poorly is regardless of science we need to all really ask ourselves do we need science to prove what we ought to hold in faith like can we genuinely just believe in the word of Christ and Father Elliott has all this beautiful tradition from scratch scripture and the church fathers that I will be the first person as a woman of faith who's also a chemist to say that's where the certainty exists yeah well Father Father Elliott let's let's go to that so you you we you actually start the book with part one what does the Bible say and then part two what do the church fathers say and part so part one what does the Bible say even before I got to that section I was already drawn up my questions for you and Stacy and I had written down that John 6 the bread of life narrative right and then I saw in the book that you open up by saying okay everybody goes to the bread of life narrative right Catholics do but but that doesn't work for Protestants right you know they they don't believe that by the way I would stop and say right there I think a lot of Protestants including me where I was once you see that and you really start reading that and you really start picking apart picking apart you're immediately uncomfortable right I mean you you read that slowly and go back through it and it's hard not to be convinced that he's talking about the real presence there but but even before that in John 6 so you start with the Old Testament right what what can we take from the Old Testament even before we get to the New Testament as types or typology if you if you will for for the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist that's right yeah you know the reason why I think it's important to start with the Old Testament is because the Eucharist is a big claim you know that something that looks like bread and wine is actually the body blood of Jesus Christ is is a really big claim and so for Protestants where you know you may be able to sit them down at you know the the institution narratives and John chapter 6 and say hey look this is clearly what these passengers are talking about there's this kind of hesitancy within them where they say you know how is it that something of this important just pops up in the Gospels out of nowhere you know the idea of the people of God that's been laid out from the very beginning the idea of you know the sacrifice that's been laid out from the beginning that the idea of a Messiah that's been laid out laid out from the beginning how is it that out of nowhere we get something this big and so what that means is that we actually just haven't done the work of really showing them how the Eucharist has been laid out from the beginning and so that's kind of the purpose of this this first chapter to look at the Old Testament and say where where has the Eucharist been prefigured where where have we seen some signs of the Eucharist throughout the old well okay and and you and you say on page 18 and this is Exodus section 12 and here you talk about the Passover lamb the Passover and you know I'll just I'll read from this the this is page let's see page 17 to understand what it means that Jesus is the new lamb of God we have to understand the old lamb of God the Passover lamb and by the way I tell you when forget about when I was a Protestant became Catholic when I was an agnostic and the first time that I under read all of this from Hebrews in particular and and saw the connection between the Old Testament the New Testament this floored me and this immediately finally made made the New Testament in Christianity it made sense to me when I read this the Passover was the sacrifice that God commanded the Israelites to offer before he would lead them out of Egypt God had sent nine plagues upon Egypt the Israelites had to suffer the nine plagues with the Egyptians but the 10th and last plague was too awful for God to allow the Israelites to suffer and that was the death of the first born right the first born after being slaughtered the blood of the Passover lamb was sprinkled on the house doorsteps and later consumed now stop right there rethink what I just said and apply that to Jesus all right but we're not a Jesus yet we're at the Old Testament this was the outward sign that prevented the first born from losing his life and then then you quote this and how they roasted the lamb and how they ate the lamb right page 18 from this passage we can draw out three points that are important for our study one the Passover lamb was to be unblemished right that that's that's Jesus to the Passover lamb was killed and eaten on the same day all that Father George explain that one three the Passover was to be a Memorial Day every year and was to be a sacrifice offered forever since the Passover lamb was a liturgical celebration offered every year the right slowly developed over time to explain and expand with the nucleus text and Exodus commanded Father George I'll I'll let I'll let you pick that up right yeah and so you know those those three points obviously the Passover lamb was to be unblemished we actually see that coming up all the way at the at the crucifixion you know it's all the two robbers of the two thieves they have bones broken but Christ himself doesn't have any bones broken he's you know stabbed with a lens and that's an Isaiah prophecy right then the not not a not a limb will be broken not a bone will be broken exactly and so the the idea of the unblemished lamb was yeah it was a kind of external unblemished nest no no spot and of course that's interpreted as no sin within Jesus Christ and yet also it meant that that animal could never have had any broken bones which I didn't get way into this in the book but the fascinating thing is that oftentimes when animals broke bones it was because they had essentially strayed from the flock if the flock stayed right there in the middle of the pasture they weren't going to break any bones it was when they they kind of went off the path and got off by themselves then you know they would be attacked by animals that they would they would stumble over a you know in a crack or something of that sort and even you know the image of the the good shepherd we always see the good shepherd has the lamb on his shoulders what the good shepherd would do when a lamb wandered from the flock was actually break the back leg of the lamb to associate with being away from the flock the pain of that broken leg so essentially it was kind of a training of to the animal of saying hey look you stick with the flock you don't get hurt you go away from the flock you do get hurt and then of course the shepherd would then have to pick up the lamb put him on his shoulders to carry him back because the poor lambs leg had been broken and it was a kind of way that you know showed that that the good shepherd sometimes allowed some suffering in the lives of the lamb to actually help the lamb to grow but anyway so this idea of Jesus being unblemished also meant that he never strayed from the flock never strayed from the people of God wow said now that I had not thought of and so he and he's the ultimate firstborn he's the ultimate unblemished he's what John the Baptist calls the lamb of God right this this this this is God's lamb and that point on the crucifixion yet the the Roman soldiers when when the person was presumed to be dead on the cross right when when they took him down to test whether or not the person was dead they they broke the leg right they broke a part of the body and in this unique case they didn't right in this one unique case they did not exactly yeah for knowledge of God playing out there and really the here the Providence of God excellent go ahead well and so and so the to mark the the fight from Egypt explain the sprinkling of the blood over the doorstep that's right so the Passover lamb would be killed the essentially the night before or the night of Passover and with the blood of the lamb they were to mark the doorposts and the lintel of the door with the blood of the lamb and in Exodus it says that you know that the angel of death will it will pass over the homes when he sees the the blood of the lamb on the doorposts and so you can think of that real close connection also with Jesus Christ in the cross that you know okay there are two vertical posts there's a vertical post and then the lintel the horizontal post of wood right around the door and it was the the blood of the lamb of God as he said John John the Baptist pointing to Jesus Christ and saying behold the Lamb of God and it's it's the blood that was poured forth on the cross that we who have been integrated into the cross by baptism and then you know if we've lost that grace of baptism we can renew that through the sacrament of confession it's when in a sense we are hidden within the cross through those that we as well are able to to make it through the the night our own death and enter into eternal life so so those Jews were spared by the blood of the lamb right by this ritualistic sacrifice every year there was to be done every year but but but now we believe as Christians right that that perpetual sacrifice was accomplished by the blood of the one and only first born on blemish lamb the lamb of God Jesus Christ absolutely you said it better than I could yeah well for me as an agnostic I just I thought I thought now I get it now I get it I really had to read Hebrews and some other things to get that tell us who Malchizedek was and and and we mentioned Malchizedek or not me but the priest right in every mass that's right yeah Malchizedek is such an interesting character he appears in the Abraham cycle so you know when Abraham is live you see in Genesis 14 Melchizedek appears and offers sacrifice on behalf of Abraham and specifically Melchizedek offers sacrifice of bread and wine what's really neat is that that he blesses Abraham and and then Abraham ties to Melchizedek and so in the logic of Jewish priesthood the person that would offer the sacrifice was the highest of the priests there and you would tie to a higher priest but of course you know in within Abraham you have all of the tribes of Israel and so even the Levi priesthood the Aaronic priesthood that high priesthood of the Jewish people in a certain sense still asked this other a higher priesthood the priesthood of Melchizedek to offer sacrifice for them and to and they then tithed to Melchizedek and see you see first off right Melchizedek is this this higher priest than any of the Jewish priests also he's referred to as you know the king who has a priesthood that is eternal or an unending priesthood so he's the only priest king and all of the Old Testament right and until you come to and by the way Abraham is the common father of Jews Arabs and Christians right Arabs and you know and Muslims or most Arabs are Muslim so Arab is the common forefather right so of all things so Abraham and Abraham's name is changed from Abraham to Abram right father of many to father Abram to Abraham but but but Melchizedek yes so and you say in the institution of the Eucharist right that Jesus Christ in the order of Melchizedek right so that's the order that that he's in the priest priestly king order correct exactly so all right by the way I'm watching the clock here I know people are going to be disappointed we have to we have to wrap up in about 10 minutes everyone's watching this saying what you've just started this is good stuff but let me hit a couple of other things here and Stacy sorry to cut you off there anytime you want to you want to jump back in chime in the okay what about the bread of discourse narrative in John 6 in the in the in the New Testament and this is I've got it in front of me so I'll get you guys I'll get to if you started John 641 the Jews then murmured him because he said I am the bread which came down from heaven they said is this not Jesus the son of Joseph whose father and mother we know how does he say I have come down from heaven and then they go back and forth on that truly truly I say to you who believes has eternal life I am the living bread which came down from heaven if anyone eats of this bread he will live forever and the bread which I shall give for the life of the world is my flesh and I know a lot of times because I was a Protestant they'll say why is talking here metaphorically Jesus also calls himself the gates right he doesn't actually mean that he's a gate yeah I know but he doesn't he doesn't say it like this okay hold on Jews 650 Jesus John 652 the Jews then disputed among themselves saying how can this man give us his flash to eat so Jesus said to them he didn't say Father George well wait a second I'm speaking metaphorically right I might actually say about giving you my flesh to you no Jesus said truly truly I say to you unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood you have no life in you he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life I will raise him on the last day then John 655 for my flesh is food indeed and my blood is drink indeed and by the way harkening back to the Old Testament they ate the lamb right they ate it they ate the lamb it wasn't they actually ate it he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me and I and him this is the bread which came down from heaven and then and then many of his disciples when they heard this this is a hard saying you can listen to it Jesus knowing those disciples were murmuring said to them do you take offense to this so they argue back and forth on this and then he said and this is John 666 after this many of his disciples drew back and no longer walked with him Jesus said to the 12 will you also go away Simon Peter answered Lord to whom shall we go you have the words of eternal life so by the way at that point Jesus could have said you know wait wait where are you going I'm talking metaphorically remember how I described myself as like a gate on a hinge that's I'm just saying that here with the bread I'm not actually saying I'm the bread don't get all worked up now he doubles down and triples down right and says are you going to go to right so sorry about my extended commentary there anything you could add to that please please do No, I think you did a really great job there just to to emphasize kind of the escalating nature of what happens you quoted it there and John 641 it says the Jews then murmured at him and then you know he kind of responds and he says no you guys are getting it I met what I said then John 652 the Jews then disputed among themselves saying how can this man give us give us his flesh to eat and then he he says it even stronger he says truly truly I say to you right that truly truly amen amen truly truly is kind of it's the it's almost Jesus parlance for hey guys pay attention what I'm saying is important right and he says it I say to you unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood you have no life in you whoa he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life and I will raise him up at the last day you know I can't think of another stronger way that Jesus would say that his flesh is true food and his blood is true drink yeah you should not you shall not have life within you right I mean this is really you I'm not saying to go there but for for non-Catholics right think about that if if what Catholics are saying here about this is correct right then in a way you've really you've really got to have the sacrament of the Eucharist which is which is of course not to say that you can't be a Christian and follower do we we're not saying that but as one of the reasons why Catholics say that you really need the sacraments of the church and full communion with the church to be like cut to really quite literally right receive what Christ can offer yeah that's right now and and science will never say truly truly you know science is not going to give you that kind of certainty and and I think that's the beauty of where a person who reads this book will come out like it's a gift that father Elliott lays out the arguments from scripture and tradition and in a time when most people are tend to think that science has all the answers and scripture and tradition that's the old stuff it's so refreshing to to have all of that laid out and science in its place at the end nobody loves chemistry more than I do you won't find someone that does but but I love the fullness of the truth that our Catholic faith brings us that that we have all of these words of Christ and we have confidence and certainty in what he said and we have confidence that God could work a miracle anytime and it ought to make us less dependent on meeting the miracles to be true and open to all the miracles that happen in our daily life just like the fact that we even came together to write this book we very much felt the providence of God in being led to do this I don't think we either one we're really wanting to do it at first and here we are so well I I think this is I think this is providential then how this interview came together because I was going to start with part one but to start with part three and so Stacy this brings is really full circle then to your main point which is even if the three miracles that you looked at you can't say definitively you know in the year in the 21st century couple decades in the 21st century that science can necessarily prove this or that but after you go through the book part one and part two you see it historically you see it theologically we even talk about like Ignatius of Antioch and so forth who actually knew John right of all things actually knew St. John and believed it was the real presence but but but in a way you don't have to have science today prove something that allegedly happened in the year 750 right that that's that's not what we what we need right now and we don't even need to look to look to do that I get that's a theme that you're that you're saying here yes and it's a theme that I learned from father Stanley Yaki and I understand that it can be kind of controversial and I want people to understand I'm not at all saying these miracles didn't happen I'm saying that the science is pretty wimpy and what it can tell us and and we can both believe the miracles happened but we should we should never put our faith on trial with science we end up with the book don't put your faith on trial some of these investigations probably wouldn't hold up very well in a in a court of law anyway that that's how much we could improve on how we do these investigations and I've already gotten people calling saying well let's do the investigations the right way I don't think I'm going to go down that path in my life in my life but yeah because I have other things I'm working on but yeah I mean we could do a better job of the investigations for something that happened in 750 right yeah perfectly captured and preserved at the time but now or even something that's happened in the last 20 years right where you saw actual alleged bleeding of of a host or something I mean this is where it's now time to grab it and do it right get out video cameras get the scientific experts and so if I could encourage the two of you you need to do a sequel to this book you look look at some of the the other cases that are allegedly or reportedly out there today because there's a bunch of those no yeah yeah there are other ones and I say that at the end of the book you know like what would it take I don't spell it all out but I I allude to it what would it take to come up with a universal process whenever there is a miracle that happened don't leave it up to individual dioceses to we could publish a protocol for investigating Eucharistic miracles and and that might help going forward will will the church actually do that I I don't know I don't know if it's worth it because there's always going to be so many questions that can be asked but for sure what I would hope is that we we take more caution in how we repeat these stories of the miracles and maybe if we're going to express our on wonder to people who are thinking about let's point the on wonder to Jesus Christ before we point it to science yeah by the way so the same is true not just for Eucharistic miracles but miracles generally right like nobody right now can prove that you know physically or through science the miracle the sun on October 13th 19 right right and we have 70,000 witnesses right allegedly but but you know what there were no video cameras there or anything like that so this is true of a lot of these different things yeah so well look we we got to stop it there but Dr. Stacey Trisankos and Father George Elliott the book if you could put it up there Steve on the screen behold it is I scripture tradition and science and the real presence available through 10 books and this is this is a book that you got to get you got to get your hands on it so thank you very much for joining us thank you thank you Steve and can you tell me do either you have a a website or anywhere we could go follow you St. Philip Institute dot org Bishop Strickland's Institute for teaching the faith good Catholic dash link dot org is a good place to check out as well okay good Steve will put those up on the screen and thanks again both of you for all that you do Father George in the spirit of the Order of Melchizedek right here carry carry on alright thanks so much and everybody thanks for joining us again this week and we'll talk to you again soon bye bye


We only sent you as a mercy to all the world How can that have anything to do with a man about whom his companion said? Lany other than Yadrib Rasululah Imra'atan Wala ghulaman Wala Wala dhanqat the messenger of Allah never struck a woman a child or a servant ever Salallahu alayhi s-salam wa laqad kana lakum firasulillahi uswatu n-hassana and you have in the messenger of Allah the best example Is it okay for a Muslim to be abusive? Is anybody gonna say yes? If someone said to you is it okay for a father to beat his daughter Is it okay for a husband to beat his wife is it okay for a person who is in a situation of authority to take advantage of that? Authority and exert some undue hardship or unrest upon somebody who is relying upon them because they're in that Authoritative position to be someone who is the epitome of trustworthiness and integrity, but now they have violated that right Would we say ever Islamically that that's okay? No, we wouldn't and one of the quickest quickest means to destroy a home is the god of anger and the second Impatience Is the other than the shaitan kama qada salallahu alayhi wa alayhi wa sahbihi as-salam that rushing things is from shaitan and many of the Ulema of suruk they said that when you rush a lot It's a sign of a disease of the heart because the heart wants to control things wants to have power Wants to be able to shape things quickly told so much that it's actually more holy or you're a better Muslim if you stay but in fact it has a Detrimental effect on your e-man and there are she you who have told me that most of the children Most of the youth who end up leaving Islam Came from abusive households Most of the children who ended up leaving Islam came from abusive households and what happens is they see this abuse They grow up in it and they start to hate everything associated with that life and that includes Islam So what they start to do is they connect Islam to the abuse they connect Islam and the culture to the abuse itself And they start to just hate it all and actually people you know these people will actually leave Islam Or at the very least will hate Islam because they associate Islam with that abuse of lifestyle and with that that that very You know ugly attitude and that ugly behavior that they had experienced and again About us out another maximum of the law that everybody agreed on one of the five max harm will be removed The woman is being beaten in her house that will be changed You know tell her sister go back and be beaten again, and that's what some of the imams tell people They will they actually tell her that's that's you'll be close to Allah Again never never you know she has a right You know to be protected The community and you know that's what in the Maliki law when they talk about that You know they also point out that like you know in certain countries like the Sudan You touch your wife, and you'll be you'll be lucky to live another week You know because her family will come down on you. You don't touch women. You don't beat women Why would it be okay for someone to have their rights violated in that capacity and now they also just have to be silent about it They can't talk to anyone. They can't speak to anyone.  This is something that is well Documented in our Dean that even backbiting at this point, you know some people say well I don't want to ruin that person's reputation.  Oh the Allah ta'ala on her She asked the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam She said that I received the proposal from Muawiyah not Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan another Muawiyah and from Abu l-Jahm and Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam said about Abu l-Jahm He says that Abu l-Jahm doesn't put his stick down right meaning what he's an abuser So Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam was talking ill of that companion, but that was to avert a greater harm So don't feel guilty and don't think that you're doing anything un-Islamic when you report an abuser This is a major problem in our community. We need to think deeply and mu'minoon Baaduhumu al-mu'minoon wa al-mu'minat baaduhumu awliya'u baad The believing men and women protect one another Protect one another. That's what we liar is you protect each other


Welcome to Conducting Focus Groups, part of the Research and Assessment Cycle Toolkit offered by the Association of Research Libraries, and made possible by a grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services. This presentation is part of a module that focuses on collecting data, evidence, input, or other information for library assessment projects. It describes focus group methods for library assessment projects, including focus group structures and preparation. We hope the content is useful to library practitioners seeking to conduct library assessment projects. At the close of the presentation, you will find a link to a feedback form. Please let us know what elements were useful to you. After library assessment professionals determine what they need to know or want to learn as a result of an assessment undertaking, and have considered the wide range of choices of assessment methods that will allow them to gain that knowledge or understanding. The process of developing one or more methods is at hand. The library practitioners select focus groups as an approach to a particular assessment project or need. It is important to think through focus groups as a general method, the roles of facilitators and participants, necessary preparation for a successful focus group process, as well as guiding principles for focus group scripts and scheduling. Focus groups are generally considered a qualitative research approach, and typically involve guided group discussions with five to eight participants. In academic library contexts, individuals might include library users, those who do not yet use or engage with libraries, representatives of various library or institutional communities, stakeholders, or even library colleagues. Participants may be selected due to shared characteristics, areas of expertise, or experiences, or because they represent a range of some criterion. From lasting about 45 to 90 minutes, focus groups are considered a time-intensive assessment option, particularly when one considers the preparation involved, the processing of transcripts or recordings, and subsequent analysis. Some of the benefits of this approach include the opportunity to hear directly from participants, individually, and in engagement with each other, and gather their experiences and stories. Focus groups can also offer the chance to follow up on questions or seek clarifications or further detail, an option that is not always possible with other assessment methods. Having said that, focus groups can also have drawbacks in addition to the time-intensive nature of the approach. Participants might not always be accurate or candid in their responses due to a desire to avoid conflict or create social discomfort in some other way with the participants or facilitator. Facilitators can also potentially lead participants individually or the discussion overall to the responses that they hope to hear. Focus groups can be used in a variety of ways, including identifying users' concerns, attitudes, beliefs, or feelings, fleshing out responses gleaned from other assessment approaches or studies, engaging users in participatory design, or testing out future possible designs or scenarios for services, resources, or systems. Advantages to using a focus group approach include gaining a detailed understanding, surfacing agreements and disagreements, and relatively easy adoption to various audiences, contexts, and questions. Disadvantages include difficult coordination, participants who may dominate or disappear in group discussion, the emergence of groupthink or dismissal of varying opinions, and the common practice of using convenient samples that may obscure or omit diverse perspectives. Focus groups as an assessment method require preparation involving facilitators, participants, and technology or facilities. To ensure a positive focus group experience and best results in terms of eliciting useful input, facilitators should be trained in focus group techniques and provided ample opportunities to practice. Facilitators should put participants at ease and ensure that the focus group process is comfortable and not subject to facilitator bias. Facilitators should not ask leading questions or influence participant responses or discussions through their verbal or written language, affect, or body language. It may help, in many situations, to use a facilitator that is not perceived as or actually representative of the issue, topic, service, resource, or space being explored in the discussion. This may encourage participants to be more candid in their discussion. Ideally, a focus group facilitator will be accompanied by a recorder or note taker so that the facilitator can focus on the task of guiding the participant's discussion. Participants in a focus group should be enough in number to stimulate discussion and represent variations in experiences or expertise sufficient to the assessment project purpose, but not so many that the discussion becomes unwieldy or doesn't provide adequate time for all to be engaged and heard. Typical recommendations for focus group size are around five to eight participants, but some recommendations may expand that number to up to ten participants. Other attendees of a focus group may include the facilitator and a recorder and or note taker. Sometimes, other observers may also attend. Focus group venues may be in person or online through conferencing technology. Focus groups are often recorded and transcribed so that no content is lost. Other preparation for focus groups may include preparing for recording, developing structures for the focus groups, supporting participant involvement, and adherence to other basic guidelines. Recording a focus group might take the form of note taking, audio, or video recording. This will typically also involve signed consent, and individual library assessment practitioners will want to follow library, institutional, local, and IRB-related processes in this area. Note takers will likely want to begin with skeleton notes, pre-structured materials, checklists, or forms that are designed to align with the intended focus group structure, with plenty of room to make note of departures from any script designed in advance. Using recording or note taking allows the facilitator to focus on the participants, enables the capture of cues, including those that are non-verbal, and so on. Recordings can be used to transcribe responses verbatim or validate notes taken in the session. Recordings also allow others to view the exchange and consider multiple interpretations beyond the facilitators alone. Basic focus group structures typically include five to eight participants over 45 to 90 minutes, with both a facilitator and a note taker and or recorder present. A general starting place for a focus group structure may begin with five or six questions with follow-up prompts. Plans should include ensuring that the space is accessible and comfortable for the discussion. Generally, a focus group will begin with consent processes, the purpose of the focus group, clear instructions, and a welcome and or icebreaker. At the close of the focus group, facilitators will typically review or summarize the discussion and thank participants. It's good practice to check recordings right away and review notes shortly after the session. Generally, both the facilitator and note taker will write focus group summaries independently soon after the session ends. Checklists that a library assessment practitioner may prepare in advance of a focus group based assessment will likely include preparing recruiting and consent processes according to requirements and best practices, ensuring that the space used for the focus group, either virtual or physical, are safe and accessible. Instructing participants on any materials or preparation they need to be aware of prior to the focus group and reminding them of the time and venue, asking participants about any accommodations that will facilitate their participation, and creating a plan for the possibilities of nonattendance by some or even many participants. Other recommendations for being prepared for focus groups include ensuring questions, props, note taking materials, recording technology, and so on is ready to go. Piloting questions in advance using participants that are like those that will attend the coming sessions. Preparing facilitators, note takers, recorders, and any other study side personnel. And investigating any costs like transcription that might be helpful for analysis and eventual reporting. While cultural competence is necessary in all library assessment interactions, the interpersonal nature of focus groups makes cultural competence especially important. Library assessment practitioners should reflect on their focus group plan and procedures to check for the following. Are the issues under examination relevant to participants? Are participants reflective of the diversity you seek to include? Is the same diversity and inclusion evident in your study team as well? Does your planned communication style suit the situation and relationships you anticipate occurring through the focus group process? Have you been completely transparent with your participants? Have you built in plans for reciprocity, empowerment, and benefits for participants? In preparing to use focus groups as an assessment method, a few more suggested practices for focus group schedules and scripts are worth reflecting upon. In terms of the general focus group schedule, generally one should begin with confirmation of consent and the purpose for the discussion. Facilitators should share a clear timeline and instructions as well as any parameters or guidelines for the focus group. After the focus group discussion is concluded, facilitators should review the conversation briefly, provide information about ways participants can follow up, and demonstrate appreciation for the participant's time and engagement. Other recommendations for structuring focus groups, scripts include beginning with a welcome, the purpose, relevant ground rules, and brief introductions or an icebreaker. In discussion, using four to five to six core questions with follow-ups, consider the logic and flow of the questions to ease the flow of discussion. Close with a summary and expression of appreciation along with the time frame for when results and follow-up actions might be expected. After the close of the focus group, recordings should be checked, notes reviewed, and summaries composed, and then analysis can begin. Thank you for viewing this presentation on collecting data, evidence, input, or other information for library assessment projects. Please use the link provided to complete a feedback form on the usefulness of this information for your purposes.


So, let us pp to that next problem, next problem I had one s above that, I am going to solve only a piece of this, not the full thing where the process is going to be same. Now, there is a s term s in the numerator, I said transfer function that it will not be there. So, some term with some gain may be you continue with 6, it does not matter. So, there are two ways again of doing it, the first way is very simple again do by t of s is a s plus 2 s has disappeared. No, anybody has any doubt, if the order of the denominator is more than the order of the numerator, there is nothing in the numerator a b c d etcetera, like this people keep asking. So, method 2 does not actually depend on whether there is a s in the numerator or denominator, I get my standard for my circuit looks identical, then it goes here and goes here and absolutely not worried whether there was a s in the numerator or not, my method is all uniform. So, what is the uniform advantage, I only know this, how to do it that is all. I do not know any other form, what are the other forms, the forms are required if I have to do this in random. So, I go to method 1, what I have I can be smart and put this here it does not matter. So, one of them has to have s. So, now, I have to design two different types of circuits and put them in random. So, now, I have to have a circuit which gives me this. So, the solution is very easy, I have a circuit going like that of course, do not take my work for it I am going to do. So, this is my z in. So, this we call it r 1 c 1 and this is simply r f. So, what is the z of this z in r plus 1 over s c 1. So, in my output that transfer function is minus z f by z in.   So, this is what I get. So, this is the second circuit I have to remember. So, once I get this second circuit I am happy. So, if I know both circuits I can always do this I can always and then I am not limited by any number of any number of terms. I have lots of varieties if you give me s plus 1 and s square I am still ok. I can have one of them as s upon s plus 1 into s upon s plus 2 into 6 upon s plus 3, but you give me a polynomial s square plus s and all that I should be happy doing it by partial fractions. Partial fractions is a magic as if it is magic it will remove partial fraction does not care. So, partial fraction does not care. So, what is the vote today? What is the vote? Partial fraction if you do well you are the happiest person, because then you have to remember only one type of circuit. One type of circuit is then as a routine policy choose this arbitrarily and then you get better too. So, if the mug up curke is a chalayan, but now we have to mug up the method. Now, we have to understand why method 1 and 2 are different and which one is easy for you it depends if you can know both the circuits you can tackle s upon s plus 1 that is also easy that is another circuit, but I personally feel that knowing one type of type of circuit and one procedure is much better. So, I think today's tutorial therefore, and we have lots of questions and certain time that a tutorial session when I take it I spend first half an hour in giving the background. Do not assume that they have understood in the class repeat it like I have not gone into the details of it, but I repeated it then take the simplest form. The problem is difficult take one simplest form and do that then show that this simplest form can go some distance then show a anomaly or some satellite problem where that cannot be used then you have to do that also and then finally, evaluate which method of course, we should know all methods as a student I can ask them to do this by only using tandem circuit. You know I can give an examination where I do not give a choice solve this by using three op-amps in tandem or I can ask them to do it by partial fraction followed by a summing circuit, but as a student I should know both the methods. So, this is the break up that you have to give now is the question which I will take a few questions now is this called design or is this called analysis is called design because I am finding all values of components. If I do not give this at all and draw a circuit let me draw it more carefully. So, that descent v 1 of t 10 kilo ohm 100 kilo ohm 10 micro farad I remember that. So, I put it then I put another one 100 kilo ohm 1 micro farad and 10 kilo ohm does not make sense 100 kilo ohm then I find the function v of t if v 1 of t is a step function or v 1 of t is sinusoidal this is called the analysis problem. I have given all values and you have to determine what is at the end of it the other one I have given only the formulae or the transfer function and I have asked you to derive no reference was given for anything you have to find all values of components, but as I told you it is only two conditions of given in after all what is what was it realizing say some 6 upon s 2 that means, when s was very small it was 3 and the product of this was equivalent to 0.5 s that is one that means, the product of the register in capacitor was 0.5 that means, only two conditions are there, but I have got three values to be determined. So, I have begin with one arbitrary. So, very clearly you have to write what is that arbitrary value and then everything becomes a design. So, if you similarly make an amplifier with gain of 10 and there are 6 components in that amplifier there will be 5 arbitrary values of components and that is why in the laboratory that amplifier does not work. So, you give only one specification and there are 5 values of components. So, it should not be like that you have to say that this is the 12 volt supply Poisson point should be right in the middle you should specify Poisson point should be at 6 volt and the current should be exactly 5 milli ampere. So, two conditions you have to measure for Poisson point and then you have to say the gain should be so much that is the third condition. The third one you have to say the total power in that amplifier should be so much that means, you have to bring down the unknown values to 1 and only one unknown can be taken as arbitrary because you just say make a amplifier of gain 10 and everybody will do anything and there is nothing left in that, but good practice actually believes that Poisson point should be in the middle etcetera etcetera, but to a student we cannot hope because he cannot do this. He cannot find 5 arbitrary values for one specification even I find it difficult to you know imagine some 5 values which are arbitrary and then. So, I have to have a process. So, madam has to give me a sheet after this class will meet give me a analysis procedure and the instruction for full design you said the instruction for full design therefore, is at the most only one arbitrary parameter and one arbitrary parameter is ok, but even here I can remove that arbitrary arbitrariness by saying that the range of registers cannot be less than 1 kilo ohm here. I can put some condition that you do not use any register 1 ohm 10 ohm like that. So, the register here cannot be less than 1 kilo ohm register anywhere cannot be more than 1 mega ohm like that I can put condition. So, even there are arbitrariness become within limits and therefore, I think we now know if this appears easy to you is not necessarily easy for student for the student designing equally difficult compared to this. This also is difficult from this he will be spending all the time in getting this y of f then inverting it and after that he will be converting it to polar coordinates, Cartesian coordinates and it will drive him crazy. The students are very fond of getting into a corner where they do not know what to do. So, I keep telling as a thumb rule to all students multiplication and division only I need polar coordinates that is magnitude and addition subtractions algebraic I need Cartesian coordinates. So, this is like a plus j b, but I know they can get totally confused. So, this problem many a students will not able to find that final function though it is very easy, but they will be able to do the design because the design is very easy. Because from this value to find this value is easier, but to go on actually doing it as if from fundamentals then it become tough. So, somewhere you have to be more familiar with one type of circuit. If I am familiar how to design this circuit I am comfortable with partial fractions. So, partial fractions have solved my problem forever any filter with this kind of characteristics I have solved that problem because I get only one type of circuit every time. So, I think I stop this tutorial right here if I just show you that second problem of the tutorial because I had asked students also to do it will just think over it. So, what you say? So, I am of course for partial fraction, but if you do not want to do it by partial fraction what are the choices you can do 8 of s and all this plus 6 upon all this and split it, but it goes a very wide distance away. So, in this case I cannot even advise that you know do it in any other way simply partial fraction because s plus 2 is the problem because that plus 2 has come.  So, that is why I left it to students to partly confuse them because for the problem one I have given two methods problem 2 I have expect them to try both methods and they should go crazy with the second method. So, there is a problem there s plus 2. So, let us have a little discussion if you are not too tired little discussion on what is that connection you have to make between theory and reality which is called laboratory. So, my suggestion is now this way suppose there are 9 laboratories to be done in the next big course. How many days? 10 days? 10 afternoon maybe 9 of those afternoon are laboratories maybe 2 simple laboratory problems. So, maximum of 18 I do not know what is the final number on that, but otherwise even if you take 9 lab problems none of them should read as what it reads today in my opinion. It should not read common emitter amplifier it should not read like that it should say audio amplifier speaker resistance is 32 ohm and the power is 220 milliwatts. I have to create a few more specification and of course audio amplifier immediately implies up to 16 kilo hertz cut off I want it between 100 hertz to 16 kilo hertz. So, please you try to understand I have to create as many specification which are relevant to operational audio amplifier not for confusing the student for making him zoom on to the reality. So, he has an amplifier this circuit this is my speaker. So, I show it like R load and I have got this R C R E C E and I have either this kind of biasing and then I have got this capacity will be coupled here and I have got a source here. Then I can say audio amplifier this is a microphone microphone has got total range of 100 millivolt of signal and internal impedance is 150 kilo ohm so why am I creating so many details because our student has to find this, this, this, this and this assuming that the beta does not play any role it should not play any role in any amplifier beta should not play any role as long as beta is more than 150 it should not have anything to do with it. I am just saying any microphone will have a large resistance if it is a capacity of type isoelectric type thing is resistance is very high, but signal is very high if you have got a magnetic coil type then signals will be in micro volt and the resistance will be small I have just specified one. So, it sets a tune as to what this resistance will be the 220 milliwatt sets a tone what should be the current flowing to this we anyway know that this is the frequency range so probably this will be known from that this will be known from that etcetera. So, this decides the lower frequency it has to pass 100 hertz at least and this has to give me some gain at 16 kilo hertz or more depends. So, what I am saying is not that I am trying to make that problem complicated actually I am giving a proper hint for him to have phi unknowns right he has got phi unknowns I must give phi conditions. So, I feel that we should create that many conditions at the most one arbitrary thing one arbitrary thing will get. So, what it means is when the maximum signal is here I must get 220 milliwatt that is what it means this is the maximum signal. So, gain is not even specified otherwise if you do not give this value you say the gain should be so much. So, give me any other laboratory session that you did I want to word it with some solid specification from reality say multivibrator you will be doing using op-amps tomorrow right.  So, after some frequency I create. So, this is my original clock and after some 2 raise to n division I should get 1 second right then I must use a divide by 60 to get 1 minute and I use another divide by 60 to get 1 hour then I use divide by 24 to get 1 day. So, we are not making a multivibrator just like that I am making to this specification that is the criticality in the process the student will also know what is all this he is not going to make all this, but he has a specification to do that. So, that means this 2 raise to n will decide what frequency he will choose 4096. So, any frequency near about multiples of this he will choose otherwise the portfolio will make a 1 hertz oscillator and it will not work properly. So, you can now specify that he has to make either 4 so called rough number 4 k hertz the other one could be k hertz nearby the exact number is some near as 2 raise to p because crystals are now available with that kind of frequency 32 k hertz some 32 some other 3 digits. So, that now we can have this division to bring exactly equal to 1. So, let him make that oscillator and get that frequency very close to 4096 that is his objective instead of putting any register or any capacitor and getting any frequency you should not even tell him that he should make this frequency you tell him that this is the job I need a vibrator at the beginning of it. So, like this please invent please invent a word statement which is connecting it to reality and provide him with enough information about his design. So, that he can design it and all the other design parameters will be corresponding to your op-amp. The op-amp you say that the register cannot be less than 1 kilo ohm nor it can be more than 1 mega ohm. Secondly, the capacitors will also have to be not going too much away. Let us say the range of capacitor should be 0.01 micro farad to 10 micro farad I do not know 1 micro farad to give me range. Let him choose a frequency which is in multiple something either higher or lower. So, I think it gives him a little challenge he thinks that he has made something original experiment remains the same. So, this is a purpose and a purpose mention any other experiment what you did first day lighting LEDs. Now, clamper and clipper any applications we know yeah, but any real application no that is a function you are describing a function where is it required which real application can be used I know possibly I do not know about that anybody else any real application no you want to use a clipper here no this no this no this applications are finished. I am just talking about this third experiment that we had like that or you had another one like clipping 5 volt 5 volt both sides is there a real application we are making the circuit is ok. Is there a real application there is a real application if you have got a board in which lots of ICs are there right at the beginning. So, there is a board power supply and all that right this is the power V c c or V d d minus V e they should be actually having a clipper or clamper attached to it which has this characteristics of suppose you want to limit it to 5 5 no 6 volt. So, when it is 5 volt plus minus it would not do anything, but you cannot by mistake apply 110 volts or by mistake apply 12 volts where will clip it. So, clipper and all this is a wave shaping I have to understand the wave shaping is not clipping and clamping, but wave shaping is creating a thing like this or creating a strobe like monostable. Monostable use should be used for creating a strobe line at the following I create a strobe. So, a monostable use for creating a strobe of a given width. So, when you give a monostable project you must say that this strobe are used for activating sequential circuits and we cannot just depend on a differentiator with use a very narrow thing and all that. I must give a 100 nanosecond wide strobe a nice square pulse of 100 nanosecond while this could be 1 millisecond. So, when it goes down I must create a strobe here. So, when that switch for counting people going in the lift and coming out and all that it cannot depend only on the thing which is going down at that point it should create a strobe which the next circuit will not miss. So, the strobes of some very small amounts are very good as an example for monostable experiment. A monostable multivibrator experiment should have a preface like this that this is going to be used for strobing and operating a toggle flip flop. So, this should go to a toggle flip flop and students have to demonstrate that after such a strobe is created and given to a toggle flip flop it flips. So, such exercise has to be given which is a little beyond that making a monostable otherwise the people will make a monostable of any arbitrary value. Multivibrator I have already told you that you should mention that it is likely to be used in a wall clock. So, they have to make it worthy of 2 raise to n and then nearest sample frequency is 4096. So, they can take it be the one or a smaller one. So, if a monostable we can give that. The pulse shaping circuit the transient for example, if there is a experiment on DC transient. So, you have a pulse going like that and I want a transient to either do it like this quickly go and saturate or do it like that. That means it is not even saturating before that and then it falls down like that. So, we say that I need a curve which has a small time constant both wise going up and coming down. Then you say a variation that this should be one tenth of the pulse width. So, in real practice it should never go anywhere near it otherwise you end up in getting almost a triangular wave. The next exercise can be that this should be of one different value and this is of different value. So, this slope can be different. So, this time constant is different and that time constant. Because this is called wave shaping. So, we have this need for a pulse is coming and I have to find out whether this particular pulse a real pulse will be somewhat like that in a real application the pulse is like that. So, now I have to find what is the width at half power or half value. So, now you say given a pulse like this which is a distorted version of this. So, rise time is different fall time is different and you have known a very generic pulse as the student to make something to find the width at this point. So, he should study the pulse shaping circuit in this way. So, he has to create this pulse by this time constant tau 1 and tau 1. So, this is tau 1 and that is. So, it should begin like that. For example, all these astronomy people make this experiment about neutron measuring neutron shower and all that and they get pulses like this. So, from this pulses you have to really you will get an idea what is this width of pulse and this is typically in nanoseconds. So, you have to say that these are very short pulses and of course, nanosecond if you make then student cannot do it. You should say it is a small 100 nanosecond width pulse. So, they have to find this width. So, in a sense you are asking them to create a similar that is the connection like that you invent and I think every center should have freedom to invent that part of the story. We will also try if you keep as in when we prepare such a list we will also try to for example, the audio amplifier I have already created full. The filter of op-amp I have already created a full story right. We are now defining my filter and I am now designing according to that. So, similarly we should create a connection to reality for each of those experiments and then become very easy for student to determine all parameters. Otherwise, there is so much flexibility that he would not be able to determine anything at all. Practical should be on that only, but I personally feel. Here we were not teaching anything the lectures were just sample yes. So, if the practicals are 9 into 280 n that means there should be 18 lectures also right. That is what I understand, but I think the practicals should be less than the lectures because you cannot just grasp everything in one lecture. A one and half hour lecture you cannot conduct a one and half hour practical is impossible. So, I think 18 lectures and 9 practicals is more like it. In the practicals you should have those satellite problems like I do. So, when I give you a particular thing you say ok determine what you can do to move the frequency this way that way etcetera. So, I agree with him perfectly two lectures of one and half one and half hour each should lead to a reasonably good practical. So, only thing is I am requesting organizers I will also be party to that to furnish a real connection or connection with reality. Not only the connection it also makes specifications for that practical. So, that arbitrariness of that practical goes away. So, how do you reduce the arbitrariness normally by making ready made kits. See what is the college doing by ready made kits it is removing arbitrariness otherwise student would not be able to do anything. That is the reason why we are doing ready made kits is not it because we have no arbitrary design possible students will not be able to do it. So, we only say we ready either input lagga either output measure curve. So, instead of that now there are professors who are going to attend next time we must specify as many parameters as possible. So, that the arbitrariness goes and then we do not have a ready made kit I mean ready soldered circuit for it you have to make a circuit. So, I perfectly agree madam please note suggestion came and I agree with it that if there are two one and half hour lectures only one practical should be aimed with that. And that practical should have a few variations connecting it to some reality. So, that the students are able to make connection with it not 18 practicals you have got 9 slots right 9 afternoon. Even if you have 3 3 hours you make enough variation in that practical to make it worthy because we found one and half hour we cannot actually do so many things. Thank you very much.


I'm Zeke and welcome to the dream green show and this episode I'm about to show you guys how to get in on an IPO early by using Robin Hood and actually the twist in this video is that Robin Hood is actually the company that is going public and we're going to try to get in on that IPO early. I'm going to show you guys exactly how to do that inside of that app today. This could be a great opportunity for us to get in if we're selected at a great price on Robin Hood because I think once Robin Hood I think once Robin Hood does go public that the price is going to shoot up the first couple of days and then eventually pull back below IPO price when Robin Hood start tripping but man we're going to take this opportunity get selected early and take some time to take some profit if we are selected for this IPO I'm sure you guys exactly how to do it inside of this video but since all of you guys already have the Robin Hood app right now you could get two free stocks on Weeble right now if you click the link down in the description signed up for Weeble deposit $100 you could receive two free stocks and with those two free stocks you could keep them inside of the platform and decide to use it or you could sell those two free stocks and withdraw all of your money it's literally free money guys so don't miss out on that opportunity also I left a link down in the description to Coinbase that is by far the easiest way to buy and sell cryptocurrency but enough talking let's go ahead and dive straight into this video welcome back dreamers here we are inside of my Robin Hood account before we get started make sure that you guys go down and hit the thumbs up button and hit that subscribe button and also that notification bell hit hitting that notification bell helps out this channel more than you can even imagine so here we are right now my account is at $61,331.52 so if you guys are wondering how to get inside the IPO I think it came through your email address or you could do it from within the app I'm already signed up on the app and a way to get to it is by hitting the search icon at the bottom right in the middle so here we go and then the first one at the very top is going to say IPO access right next to crypto Bitcoin family 100 most popular so we're going to click the IPO access right here and right there these are all the IPOs that are coming up and then you could click on past to show all the past IPOs the one that we're focusing on is Robin Hood markets ticker symbol HOD that is going to be that ticker symbol and if you're wondering what the process is on the IPO so let's click the IPO access listing right quick so get in at the IPO price sometimes it's very hard to get in at the IPO price even if you set a limit order before it goes public so this might be our opportunity to get in so IPO access is here and now you can invest before a company starts trading on the public exchange you could follow upcoming IPOs and you could start a request so you can set your limit on so there's a limit number of shares that's going to be available and you could set how many you want to try to get right then you could request shares for a chance to invest inside of the IPO we're going to set a limit order to confirm our final price and then if we're selected we're going to keep our fingers crossed they're going to say hey you selected this is the final price do you still agree to buy these shares we're going to hit yes I still agree to buy these shares I know I don't agree about these shares at this price and then we'll just move forward from there so looking back on Robin Hood IPO right now I'm there expected to go public anywhere between $38 per share to $42 per share is it a fair price I will buy Robin Hood stock at $38 there's nothing wrong with that I would even buy it at $42 could it pull back after it goes public after the next couple of weeks sure it can but I think it's going to take off for the first few days I think it could take off it could pull back don't get me mistaken don't get me wrong but but this is the the app the investing app the investing brokers that disrupted the whole investing industry through the innovative app that's very simple to use in by free trading with no commissions at all so they came in and disrupted the whole industry so $38 for a company that's innovative and know how to get under the big guy's skin and come in and still a lot of the audience $38 to me might just be a steal okay guys all right so they're expected the prices between $38 and $42 the final price is going to be announced very soon and they're expected to go public on July 29 2021 so I'm going to go in and try to pick up a couple shares of this IPO listing of Robin Hood see now now I'm gonna show you guys a quick example on how it could be very beneficial to get in at the IPO price let's pull up Airbnb right quick this is one that I wish I would got in at IPO price alright so here we are at Airbnb Airbnb is at $139 less than a year ago they did go public and the IPO price was just $68 $68 this was one that was very highly anticipated at $68 was the IPO price this was before Robin Hood even had the IPO options in the limited number of shares that they gave out to their users for the opportunity to buy so that IPO price was $68 and as soon as it went public and went all the way up to $144 $137 and then it started to shoot up even more and now it's starting to pull back but just because you got in at the IPO price you will still be up 100% on the year if you was able to get in at the IPO price at $68 so that's why I'm saying hopefully we could get lucky and get selected and pick up some of these shares of Robin Hood at IPO price so here we're going Robin Hood we're going to request shares and here we go we're going to start requests at the top it says that limit number of shares are available at in request I feel randomly morning of the company's IPO so like I said hopefully we're selected we're going to hit start request and the price range they're going to have a 20% buffer of $50 and 40 cents per share of that $52 price point so they have a 20% buffer but remember they're going to ask us first this is the final price do you still want to buy these shares so we're going to go in I have a thousand dollars in my account right now let's see if we could pick up 20 shares there we go with no man I could pick up 19 shares and there we go I could pick up 19 shares of Robin Hood at $957 and 60 cents we're going to request these shares and hopefully we get selected going to hit review and I'm going to swipe up and there we go guys ticker symbol HOOD which will be Robin Hood um I requested to buy 19 shares it's in the queue so hopefully I'll get selected and it shoots up just like how Airbnb did when their IPO listings went public and there we go guys let me know down in the description are you guys planning on picking up Robin Hood I know we've all had problems with Robin Hood in the past especially if you're a day trader but but they did come in and it was very innovative they have they have by far the easiest and simplest app to use to buy stock you see a stock you type in his name buy and that's it there's no confusion is it is it the most technical app out there no it's not the most technical app out there I use Weeble for my technical app remember pick up your two free stocks by using Weeble link in the description but Robin Hood is by far the easiest for your everyday consumer that just want to pick up a couple of shares the apple pick up a couple of shares a Nike and eventually do some option plays so that came in and just completely changed the game so me if I do get selected if the final price is below that $50 20 cent price point yes I'm going to say I do confirm the bodies 19 shares at this price and I will have 19 shares of Robin Hood and eventually over the next year or so I want to build my position up to 100 shares of Robin Hood but let me know down in the comment section do you plan to pick up Robin Hood on day one do you plan to IPO into it at all or are you just going to stay away from Robin Hood completely because you have problems with it in the past and you're not going to buy any of that stock at all but let me know down in the description and while you're down there going ahead hit that thumbs up button and subscribe to this channel but other than that guys remember to pick up your two free stocks by clicking the link down in the description if you want to join the patreon the patreon link is going to be down in the comment section over there I drop every time I buy and sell different stocks inside of the discord so you join the patreon the patreon that leads you to the discord and over there we post inside the discord every time I buy and sell different stocks so if you're interested in that that link is going to be down in the comment section but other than that guys I'm Zeke bring you the dream green show and I'm out peace