Ond, iddo chael Adelaic Campbell i ddull i angen sanawer, ond bydd gynllun 138.13 a chargwag y ddweud a 12 minute, please. Oedden nhw'n dweud awr o ddweud nerod o'r 1,400 mewn cymryd o hyn sylwwg from 47 oedden. Wag yw'r 2018 hwn i'r UK World Forum i'r Edymdra. Hea phoblau Fyllt ydy oedd cyddi wedi'u gydag i fynd i gofynuollau social nephewr i'r pryd pan rawr o'r ffordd mamanol iawn. Mae'r 10th anniversariad yn fawr, ac mae'n fawr i'ch gwelliadu'r bwysig iawn yn ddatblyg o'r project o Scotland. Aelodhaeth 2008, gyda'r ddechrau sydd y Scottish Government a'r ddiwrnodau cyffredinol, CES, aelodhaeth, yn Glasgow, byddai'r unigol yn 2008. Rwy'r cyffredinol ten y maen nhw i ddweud i gyda'r wyliadau o'r ddi wrth gwrsfaith o ddiweddau i ddweudio'r cyffredinol aelodhaeth. Rwy'r Dewch Hanisberg i Hong Kong, more than 7,500 social entrepreneurs and supporters have attended to date, contributing knowledge and passion to this global movement. Since that first event back in 2008, Scotland has secured the reputation as a world-leading social enterprise nation. This time, last year, my predecessor Angela Constance travelled to New Zealand to participate in the formal handover ceremony confirming Edinburgh as 2018 host. By doing so, she confirmed Scotland as the only country to host the world forum twice, and I sincerely pay tribute to Angela Constance for her dedication to this sector. We should be very proud that our country has taken such a lead and is viewed to be in the lead of the global movement of social enterprise. While this week's gathering is of countries separated by many miles, what unites them and each and every social enterprise is the determination to do good, to put something back into community and society and is motivated by a belief in the ability to positively transform. The chance to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the social enterprise world forum provides an opportunity to reflect on the growth of social enterprise here in Scotland over that decade. However, while we contribute to a debate that recognises the 10th anniversary of the world forum, Scotland's association with socially responsible business is much longer. From New Lanark in the 19th century, within my constituency of Clydesdale, to the co-operative and community business movements of the 1970s, and right up to the present day, where over the last decade, the Scottish Government and this Parliament across all parties have continued to champion social enterprise, working with the sector to put in place a comprehensive ecosystem of support. Incubators, accelerators, free business advice, 16 local social enterprise networks, leadership programmes and social investment are all on offer for aspiring social entrepreneurs, whether they are starting a cafe supporting refugees or a fitness gym providing mental health support. The Scottish Government knows the power of social enterprise as a tool to tackle inequality and promote inclusive economic growth, but it is not just that social enterprise empowers communities, it is also incredibly good for the economy too. This sector contributes 2 billion gross value added each year and employs around 80,000 people. That inclusive economic growth that social enterprises demonstrated is why, in December 2016, the Scottish Government launched Scotland's first ever dedicated social enterprise strategy. Fully co-produced with the sector and set over 10 years, it sets out three strategic priorities, of stimulating more social entrepreneurship, developing stronger organisations and realising market opportunities. Since the launch of the strategy in December 2016 and its accompanying action plan in April last year, we have invested more than £7 million to realise those ambitions, more than £2 million in the social entrepreneurs fund, providing advice and seat capital to more than 160 start-ups, £660,000 to social enterprise academy to get social enterprise learning and to every primary and secondary school in Scotland, reaching more than 300 schools to date, £2 million to provide free business support through Just Enterprise, with more than 1,800 social enterprise leaders benefiting, £270,000 to community share Scotland, providing innovative way for communities to raise the funding that they need, supporting projects such as Govanhill Baths in the Rockfield Centre, and £200,000 to Big Issue Invest to deliver its Power Up Scotland programme, providing corporate mentoring and investment to 13 social enterprises over the next two years, more than £100,000 to the Council of Ethnic Minority Voluntary or sector organisation, and that will support more social enterprises such as Radiant and Brighter, which I visited last month, employability social enterprise supporting migrant communities in Glasgow, and more than £400,000 to partnership for procurement, providing technical support to those interested in forming consortia to bid for large contracts. The sector continues to grow. The Scottish Government is committed to conducting a census of social enterprise in Scotland every two years, and in September last year the results of the second census were announced. There are now over 5,000 social enterprises in Scotland, a growth of almost 10 per cent since 2015. 64 per cent of them are led by women, like Hay Girls, recently chosen to deliver the Scottish Government's initiative to provide free sanitary products to school pupils and students. 79 per cent are selling directly to the public, like Brugud or a social enterprise craft beer where the profit is going to tackle water poverty in Malawi. Rural Scotland now accounts for 37 per cent of Scotland's social enterprises despite being home to 18 per cent of the nation's population, with the highest densities of social enterprise to be found in the highlands and islands. And 70 per cent are led by an accountable to people in particular communities, like Mull and Iona community trusts, set up by residents with a focus on sustainable development, which recently celebrated its 20th year. The sector is also growing its reach internationally too. Seven per cent trade internationally with the social enterprise academy now operating in 12 different countries. Presiding Officer, Scotland has a great deal to celebrate, which is now also seen local authorities develop their own strategic approaches, and only last night Glasgow City Council launched its own local social enterprise strategy, developed in partnership with Glasgow's social enterprise network. With so much happening across Scotland, given the vibrancy of the sector, it is vital that the story is properly captured, understood and shared for the benefit of all. I will do it in a second. That is why I am delighted to announce that the Scottish Government will provide £90,000 to the UNIS Centre for Social Business and Health at Glasgow Caledonian University, named in honour of the Nobel Peace laureate, Muhammad Yunus, to help to establish Scotland's social enterprise collections. That work will build on existing materials held by the university in honour of John Pearson, an influential figure in Scotland's community enterprise movement. Dean Lockhart, thank you very much. I just wanted to follow up on the point about the role of local authorities and how they can promote social enterprise. At the economy committee recently, we heard from key stakeholders that the Scottish Government and local authorities could do more with procurement policy in terms of awarding more public sector contracts to social enterprises in their local areas. Do you care to give us your views on that concern? Aileen Campbell, many of my people speak through the chair, please. I know that I have a bugbear about that, but that's what it is. Aileen Campbell. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I am well aware of the member's particular interest in social enterprise, and I read with interest the recommendations that the committee put forward. Where there are more efforts that we can put in to ensure that social enterprise can benefit from procurement, we must seek to do so. I will continue to engage with the member and the committee on that issue. We are going back to the announcement of that money to provide support to Glasgow Caledonian University. That funding will not only establish the world's first dedicated archive for social enterprise but will also generate new digital resources and a travelling exhibition to reach out across Scotland. It is imperative that more communities find out about and are supported to use social enterprise as a tool for transformative change. It is also important that, given the historical association that Scotland has with socially responsible business, we can tell that story and preserve it for the future. We will look to ensure that we can seek out future opportunities as well. Returning to this week's forum, it brings not only a huge opportunity for Scotland's social enterprises to raise a profile, but it is also a chance to access supply chains. I am delighted that at least 60 per cent of spending related to the world forum will go to other social enterprise and third sector suppliers. From catering to translation, the organisers believe that this will be the highest ever amount of spend going to social enterprises from any major event in the world. However, the spotlight on social enterprise does not end with the closing ceremony of the forum. In November, the winners of the social enterprise award Scotland will be announced. This year, there are seven categories, including the coveted social enterprise of the year award, which was secured last year by the grass market community project. Chris Martin, managing director of calendar Youth Hostel and winner of the social enterprise champion in 2017 award, has continued to advocate on behalf of the sector. As a result of that effort, I am delighted to confirm that this evening's calendar will be announced as Scotland's first social enterprise town, as part of the social enterprise places programme that is delivered by social enterprise UK. In conclusion, Scotland is viewed around the world as a leader in social enterprise. We have strong historical roots to build on, combined with a rich, varied and diverse social enterprise sector that is contributing significantly to the social economic wellbeing of our country. However, we know that there continues to be challenges in areas where we can continue to improve, and that is why it is right that we continue to support the sector and make those improvements through our 10-year strategic plan. We must also, I do not think, be complacent, and if we want to continue to lead the world in terms of nurturing our social enterprises, we must be agile and open to new ideas and new opportunities again, underlining the point that Dean Lockhart made earlier on in his intervention. I am incredibly privileged to have social enterprise in my new portfolio because they capture the essence of all that is good in our country and in our communities. They believe in our communities, they recognise the resilience of our communities and they reflect the assets and the strength of our communities. I am sincerely looking forward to engaging with members on the issue through this debate and also through the new cross-party group that will see Tom Arthur MSP as its new convener. Presiding Officer, I look forward to contributions this afternoon and move the motion in my name. I now call Dean Lockhart to speak to and move amendment 13.1. Seven minutes, please, Mr Lockhart. Thank you very much, Deputy Presiding Officer. We very much welcome this debate on social enterprise and the well-deserved recognition of the social enterprise world forum taking place across Scotland this week. Let me add my congratulations to community enterprise in Scotland and to everyone else involved in supporting this event, which, as the cabinet secretary highlighted, will attract more than 1,400 people from across the world. Since the first social enterprise world forum back in 2008, social enterprises around the world have transformed lives, revitalised communities and have helped to tackle some major economic issues. Scotland has been at the forefront of those developments. We have heard that there are today over 5,000 social enterprises in Scotland playing an increasingly important role in our changing economy and contributing in ways that commercial enterprises do not. They play a unique role in economic, social and community development. They often save the public purse, for example, by helping to reduce re-offending rates through employing individuals who sometimes are passed over by the commercial sector. The sector is female-led, more than 60 per cent of social enterprises are led by women, and social enterprises reach across all parts of Scotland, cities, towns and villages. I would add my congratulations to the town of Calender, which is in my region, which has been named Scotland's first social enterprise place in recognition of it being a hotspot of social enterprise activity, with organisations such as Calender Youth Project Trust, Calender Community Hydro being great examples of the impact that they can make in the local community. The latest social enterprise census provides an encouraging picture of more than 110,000 people employed by social enterprises across Scotland. The debate gives us the opportunity to look at how we can build on that success. Our amendment to the Government motion today referred to recent evidence given to the economy committee by leading stakeholders in the sector, because that evidence highlighted some of the key opportunities and challenges facing the sector going ahead. We need to address them to ensure that Scotland has an on-going leadership role to play in the future. I would like to highlight three of the issues that were highlighted in the committee by the stakeholders. First is the issue of financial and business support available to the sector, nor a senior chair of the strategic board gave the following evidence. Social enterprises are currently on the cusp. They do not fall under a single criterion for investment. Some of them really struggled to get the investment that they need to grow. It would be helpful if there was a mechanism to address that. The committee heard further evidence that there is a cluttered landscape of financial and business support for the development of social enterprise. Grants, project funding and other finance are available from a long list of different agencies with different objectives and outcomes attached to the funding streams. That is hindering the sector's development. That is not just a question of financial support, social enterprise needs business support. It is often difficult for a new social enterprise to get help with business planning, setting up an office or hiring staff. That is an area that I would encourage the cabinet secretary to take forward. We need to ensure that government policy for enterprise development across the commercial sector and the social enterprise sectors are better aligned and that support is better co-ordinated across government agencies. The Scottish Government's enterprise and skills review that was published in June last year was, I think, a bit of a missed opportunity to do this, and I would welcome the cabinet secretary's thoughts on how those issues can be addressed in the future. Another issue, as I mentioned earlier, was the role of public procurement of contracts, an important issue highlighted by stakeholders at the committee. We heard that public procurement policy should be used more effectively to promote social enterprises in local authority areas. The public sector in Scotland spends around £11 billion a year in the public procurement of goods and services, but figures that were published last week show that the number of Scottish businesses winning work from the local authority has halft over the last decade. From over 50,000 in 2008, just under 30,000 local suppliers were successful in local tenders last year. That is a real concern. It means that we are missing the potential to support local businesses and communities, including social enterprises. Recent changes to EU procurement law mean that the Scottish Government and local authorities have the legal framework. They have the powers to make a difference here and to further promote the level of public procurement to social enterprises, especially those that are supported businesses and to get them further involved in public sector contracts. Again, I look forward to the cabinet secretary addressing the issue in her closing remarks. Another important concern that was raised with the committee was the lack of clarity of government policy on social enterprise and the question of how government agencies define whether or not an organisation is a social enterprise. It is a pretty fundamental concern that is raised by a number of witnesses. One witness told the committee that there is a concern about uncertainty around the definition of social enterprise, given the possibility of commercial organisations suggesting that they are social enterprises when, in fact, they are not. As we know, there is no legal definition in Scotland of what is a social enterprise. The social enterprise code is a helpful guide for what best practice is, but it is not definitive. As a result, a number of people are confused as to how they should arrange their business affairs, how they should incorporate their company or business in order to qualify as a social enterprise. Another witness told the committee that I could not understand how to make the business model work to become a social enterprise. Again, I think that this is another area that the cabinet secretary should take forward so that there is further clarity on what constitutes a social enterprise in Scotland. Presiding Officer, let me conclude by repeating our strong support for the social enterprise sector in Scotland and wishing the social enterprise world forum every success. I have outlined some constructive challenges that I think need to be addressed going forward. Those were raised by the key stakeholders in the sector themselves so that the social enterprise sector in Scotland has the very strong foundations for on-going future success. I move the amendment in my name. I call Monica Lennon to speak to and move amendment 13813.26. I would like to welcome the cabinet secretary to her new post and to thank Angela Constance for her service in this area previously. I thank the cabinet secretary for lodging this important debate. We are all delighted that the social enterprise world forum is taking place here in Edinburgh. We are hosting delegates from right across the world. I hope that visitors to our capital city have a wonderful experience this week. We are all agreed that Scotland is lucky to be home to a host of dynamic and important social enterprises that play a role in all our communities, often doing life-changing work. I look forward to hearing more of those positive examples throughout the debate. For our part, the Labour Party has a proud history of being a champion for social enterprise. It was a Scottish Labour Government that, 17 years ago, created social investment Scotland. That was designed to be a vehicle for improved financial access for the social enterprise sector, and it is still going strong today, making loans to the sector to enable them to grow. Since its inception in 2001, social investment Scotland has invested more than £56 million to 270 organisations across Scotland. That has undoubtedly been positive for the sector, but we believe that more must now be done to improve the availability and sustainability of financing. The Labour Party has strong links with the co-operative movement, another positive model for an inclusive economy. Scottish Labour aims to double the size of the co-operative sector in the UK. In our industrial strategy, we talk about placing co-operative development Scotland on a statutory footing. We have heard in the debate already that there is certainly economic return on investment. There are 5,600 social enterprises in Scotland employing 80,000 people. Senses that the cabinet secretary referred to show that the net worth of social enterprises is an incredible £5 billion or £2 billion gross value added. I think that it is important to note that 72 per cent of all employees in that sector are paid the real living wage and that 64 per cent are led by women. That is a good note. Positive social impact is, of course, the other crucial important return on investment. Social enterprises demonstrate a hugely valuable and ethical way of working and show what can be achieved by setting up an organisation that is motivated by a social or environmental mission rather than profit. Those organisations can make a huge difference to people's lives, in particular vulnerable people. Increasingly, they are dependent on, as austerity strips back our public services. Touching on housing, for example, when I had a catch-up with Shelter Scotland last week, they talked about the fact that someone in Scotland becomes homeless every 18 minutes. It was invaluable that social enterprises, such as The Big Issue, exist to help people to get back on their feet. They have 92,000 people working as vendors since their creation back in 1991. Social enterprises can play a role in regenerating our high streets. In my area in Hamilton, Swaddle is a social enterprise set up by local mums. For local mums, it is a vibrant shop. There is a range of events that take place there from storytelling, sing-along sessions and mum-led support groups. It is a great place to go in and buy baby clothing and books and nice things like that. The sector has a strong history of coming up with creative solutions to social challenges. Through my members' built-in period poverty, I have seen first-hand social enterprises responding creatively to the issue in the UK and beyond. For example, I met Barat from Sanitary, a social enterprise that is founded here in Edinburgh to promote sustainable and stigma-free access to period products for women and girls in the Bind district in India. I was pleased that the cabinet secretary mentioned the East Lothian-based social enterprise, HAYGIRLs, in her opening remarks, because thereby, when given one, model is really helping girls from a low income across the UK. It is good to hear that HAYGIRLs will be involved in the provision of the Scottish Government's scheme on free period products. I hope that universal access to period products will soon follow with my proposed members' bill to end period poverty. In conclusion, I would like to pay tribute to social enterprises in Scotland from their contribution to the Scottish economy to the role that they play in all of our communities here in Scotland and beyond. It is clear to us that there is an opportunity for well-resourcial local authorities and social enterprises to work together to advance their common purpose of making Scotland a better place to live. For all of those reasons, we will support the Scottish Government's motion tonight and the amendment in Dean Lockhart's name, because we also welcome the recommendations in the Economy, Jobs and Fair Work Committee's report. I agree that there is any to ensure that social enterprises are better able to access financial and other support from Government agencies. However, because of the increased pressure on their services at this age of continued austerity that Scottish Labour is seeking to add to the motion simply that, in the current climate of austerity, social enterprises have taken on an even more significant role by filling gaps left by cuts to the welfare system and pressure on public services. For that reason, I therefore move the amendments in my name. Thank you, Presiding Officer. As other members have, I welcome Aileen Campbell to her new role in government. I congratulate her on her appointment. I hope that all other parties will be voting for the motion and the amendments at decision time. In debating social enterprise, I will indulge myself with a little bit of nostalgia in the first instance, because my first role in the social enterprise sector probably would have been ten years old or thereabouts when my mum and some pals decided that they were not willing to wait around for Government to finally get around to doing something about the issue of recycling, and they were going to set up their own project. Waste management, recycling and zero waste approaches is one area where social enterprise and community activism, organised through social enterprises, really has led the way. Before Government at any level was really doing anything about the issue, communities took the initiative themselves. With a borrowed van and sometimes roping in their kids, as I was roped in, to hurled bundles of newspaper around on a Saturday morning, it felt like a lot of fun at the time. What led to, what got through that whole process was the development of a really, really significant sector, developing innovative approaches to resource use, to zero waste policies and, eventually, local and national Government recognised that they had a responsibility to and stepped up to that because of the community leadership that happened. Later, after coming back from university and slightly falling on hard times, I had to go back and live with my mum and dad and she said, yes, of course you can come back and live here, my mother said. The law would be a place for you and you can go out to walk a MIMU furniture recycling project because that initiative, that community drive, was still there. A theme that ran through both of those projects was the need to place real value on resources, not just those physical resources that could be diverted from landfill, but the human resources, the value of the human beings whose effort, creativity and talent were not being used by the private sector. Many people far from the labour market, but social enterprises are finding ways of bringing them back to not only productive work but a relationship with one another and a relationship with the community around them. That is something that social enterprise remains fantastically creative at. I see from the world forums programme that that attitude to resource management and to zero waste approaches still remains a fundamentally important part of the social enterprise movement. It still requires intervention from Government, of course. As we have seen just recently, back in Dunbarton, bad news with green light recycling. I am not sure that it is a declarable interest formally but, yes, my mother has been a director of that recycling project as well since its inception. To see that project failing sadly, it is not only the decline in the demand and therefore the price of the recyclates. That is not the only problem that that project encountered but it set the fundamental context. Government intervention is necessary if we are going to make sure that social enterprises like that have the economic context in which they can work effectively and in which they can deliver their services in a sustainable way. It is pretty clear that a free-market approach fails to achieve that social and environmental return from those projects and fails to achieve that high, inclusive and diverse employment approach that social enterprises so often do. It has been said quite correctly that social enterprise means different things to different people. The term is an umbrella term, it is a catch-all term. For some people, it is a bit of a nice-to-have, optional extra to the economy, something akin to philanthropy. For others, it is a revenue-generating source to pay for essentially charitable work. However, most fundamentally, and greens believe strongly, that along with co-operatives and mutuals and community ownership, social enterprise in its broadest sense should be seen as a better, fundamentally superior basis for our whole economy. If we look at the characteristics of social enterprises, the kind of things that members across the chamber will recognise in their communities, we see organisations that recognise diversity in their employment practices and among their service users, the diverse needs of the people they engage with. We see organisations that have a higher than average commitment to paying the living wage and to have low wage differentials, not to take extreme high pay for the managers but to recognise that they have a responsibility to create a more equal economy. We see organisations that have a respect for their responsibility for the whole impact of their economic activity, essentially an economy driven by values rather than the desire to extract ever more private profit. A social economy is what we should be aiming for, because the alternative to that is to continue to tolerate the antisocial economy that we currently have today. I hope that the Scottish Government will commit to ensuring that its resources and all forms of business support services for the private sector are not only open to social enterprise but to positively incentivise businesses to adopt social enterprise models. Willie Rennie, six minutes please. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I, too, welcome the minister to her position and the contribution that she has made this afternoon. I also welcome the Congress and the delegates who are attending the Congress this week. The fact that the Congress exists I think should be heartening for us to know that people across the globe are trying to enhance the social enterprise network, but the fact that it is important to Scotland that it is here, too, shows that it is important to this country as well. I welcome the delegates to the conference and I hope that they have a fruitful week. The sector is growing up 10 per cent. Some of those are in my constituency in North East Fife. Castle furniture, which has been there since 1993, has a great combination of providing local household goods to local people from disadvantaged families but also providing employment and training opportunities for local people. That is the secret of its success, I believe. It is able to provide that local employment training as well as local goods for local people. Dumshelt community shop is probably the newest one on the scene. It has £100,000 from the land fund and £30,000 that it has managed to raise locally from 200 local people. Its endeavour is to reopen the village shop. It is a tiny little village just outside Oxtormachty and it is endeavouring to try and reopen the shop that was closed last year. They have engaged in a big battle trying to make that happen and I wish them all the success in doing so. The other project at the other end of the scale is up in Taipot in North East Fife, right up by Dundee. It has raised a whopping £2.8 million to developer sports, arts and craft business, as well as employment and training facilities. It will try to take advantage of the V&A, which is opening later on this week, by providing a camper van and camping site, which will be the closest one to the V&A. I encourage people to go and spend a weekend there when the site opens up, but also to take advantage of the sea eagles, which are often seen off Tentsmure just around the corner. That just gives you a flavour, a wide flavour of the spectrum of social enterprises that exist, that it is growing, that it is a buoyant sector. We should not pretend that it is all easy, because the census gives us some quite cold, stark numbers as well. Forty odd per cent of the total number of social enterprises are housing associations. I think that housing associations are good institutions, but it is not what you would first imagine social enterprises to be. Perhaps it does not really reflect the wide diversity that we would like the sector to have. Fifty seven per cent of social enterprises are small. Thirty four per cent are ten years or less. The fact that 41 per cent returned a loss in the last year should be a great cause for concern. There is quite a turnover in the sector. Some of them find it quite difficult to make the finances work. Since part of that is to try to make them financially independent, that should be a cause for concern. That is why I was pleased to see that the minister has confirmed that £1.2 million for just enterprise and the whole growth start-up recovery part of the support mechanism will continue and will review it within the next year. That is an area that requires support. My wife previously worked for a couple of social enterprises. Both of them subsequently closed down. One of them was a book recycling project in Cowdenbeath and another one was a paint recycling project in Glenrothes. Both of them did not manage to continue. Both of them struggled to make the finances work and make the financial model work. That gives a little bit of reflection just within Fife. Some succeed, some grow, some manage to make a great success of it and others do not. Even though the principle, the model that was initially established, was a sound one, we should not get too carried away that we think that this is a vibrant sector that is constantly growing. Although there are more in the sector, many in the sector find it really difficult to make ends meet. We should be working constantly to try to find the financial support and mechanisms that are in place to make them financially independent. It is right that we should be creating that social capital. We should be trying to boost the environment, but we also are about financial independence. It is about a new model of business that should not constantly have to require Government to step in to support it. We need to have that financial independence to make them succeed. If you go at the other end of the scale, it is quite astonishing what some of the big social enterprises have really managed to achieve. Two I would like to pick out. One is Café Direct, based in South Shields, which is quite an innovative scheme that plows 50 per cent off its profits back into the coffee-growing communities where they buy their products from. Those communities own 50 per cent of the shares of the company and international social enterprise providing a good, fair trade and environmentally sustainable product for customers back here. That is a great example of a thriving social enterprise. However, there is also the big issue that has already been mentioned, which has been established since 1991. Over that time, 92,000 vendors have benefitted to the tune of £115 million. That is a hugely successful social enterprise. I would like to see that the social enterprises that we have in Dunshelton, Cooper and Taiport have managed to, perhaps, one day achieve the dizzy heights of Café Direct and the big issue. We move now to the open debate. It is speeches of six minutes, please. I remind all members who wish to speak to press the request to speak buttons. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I am delighted to be able to participate in this very important debate this afternoon. It is true to say that, like others, there are so many fantastic social enterprises that it would be an impossible job to name all the ones that we have had an association with and which we have come to admire. I hope that those who do not get a name check today will understand why I have decided to tell the story of just one very special small town in my constituency and that is Calender. As the cabinet secretary outlined in her opening speech, Calender has just won the fantastic national accolade of becoming Scotland's first social enterprise town. That accreditation recognises, as Dean Lockhart rightly said, what an incredible hotspot for social enterprise activity that Calender has become since I was first elected to the Scottish Parliament in 1999. Calender is the largest settlement in the Loch Lomond and Trossex national park, a predominantly tourist town on the edge of the Highlands, whose resilient community has for more than 20 years used social enterprise to tackle local issues. Let me take you on a whistle-stop tour, Presiding Officer, of Calender, to tell their story of why it has received that well-deserved recognition. Let me start with the community hydro scheme, built by Calender Community Development Trust, through the subsidiary Calender Community Hydro Ltd. Commissioned in October 2014 and now generating to the national grid, Calender Community Hydro is Scotland's first community-owned hydro renewable project. It is the first on ground owned by the Forestry Commission, and the scheme denies its profits to the trust, which is now funded already over 40 local projects since March 2016. A substantial income is expected to be generated from its activities. I understand up to £2.85 million over the next 20 years. The next stop on the tour is to the remarkable steamship Sir Walter Scott, the oldest surviving screwdriver in steamship and regular passenger service in the United Kingdom. Who ever thought they would know that this afternoon? It has been operating in Loch Catron for more than 100 years and run by a charitable trust as part of a wider visitor attraction that won the award for the best visitor attraction in Forth Valley last year. Coming back down the road into Calender itself, we stopped off at the McLaren leisure centre, which is a community-led organisation operating extensive sports and leisure facilities. McLaren High School people's next door makes significant use of the centre through a dual use model. Not far down the road, we come to Bridgend and we come to the remarkable Calender Youth Project Trust. The trust runs a five-star calendar hostel, which has welcomed more than 20,000 overnight guests and trained more than 18 young people in hospitality since it first opened in 2014 and has created 40 local jobs in the area. They are in a cafe, an event package and have recently branched out into weddings packages. The trust also uses the hostel as a base for a wide range of other youth activities. As Chris Martin from the Trust said recently, Calender Hostel is a prime example of how a business can be set up in such a way as to generate income but also to make a significant social impact in our community. Over the years, Calender Youth Project Trust has made a huge difference to the life chances of young people in the area to develop their local talent and encouraging entrepreneurship. Next on the tour, we arrive at the beautiful Brackland Falls. When a storm washed away the bridge at the popular falls, Calender Community Development Trust set about raising funds and setting up a partnership to replace it. It is now developed into a unique go-to destination for visitors. That same trust, rightly disturbed by the rising number of empty shops in the town, brought together a group of artists and crafters in a co-operative that is now the independent company Creative in Calender. Creative in Calender is run by volunteers and has been central to the regeneration of an empty shop on the main street and offers local artists the chance to display and sell their art. Of course, to make any town successful, you need to write homes for people to live in. Through the work of Rural Stirling Housing Association, we are about to see their offer expanded significantly with the development of new homes. Those are just a few of the huge number of community groups and social enterprises that exist who have responded to the social and economic challenges of living in Calender by using the social enterprise model. Those groups range from the community newspaper, The Bentley Review. I am sure that the Presiding Officer has read it through to the community cinema that is established by the Calender Film Society. Calender is a beautiful little town with beautiful big ideas. It has shown us what is possible when communities come together to take on local issues, make change happen and provide an exemplar for other communities. I know that Scotland is brisling with brilliant social enterprises. It is an outstanding achievement for this fantastic small town to have been named the country's first social enterprise place. It is heartily and gradually all-involved for its dedication and commitment to Calender. I look forward to welcoming the cabinet secretary in her new role to Calender this evening, when we celebrate this remarkable accolade. Thank you very much. I was just thinking that maybe you could put on a bus, Mr Crawford. Gordon Lindhurst is to be followed by James Kelly. Deputy Presiding Officer, it gives me great pleasure as a Lothian MSP to welcome the social enterprise world forum to Edinburgh again. With the multitude of participants, including social enterprise leaders, policy makers, commercial partners and young people, they are expected to make the trip to our country, which is seen by many of them as a world leader in this field. We should be proud of what we have achieved in Scotland, but as the Government's own social enterprise strategy recognises, there is still much more that we can do if social enterprise is to fully become part of mainstream society and business. If I might begin by highlighting an example that shows the immense value that social enterprise already holds in our society. The Economy, Jobs and Fair Work Committee recently completed a report into Scotland's economic performance, and my colleague Dean Lockhart has already touched on that. During one evidence session, Johnnie Kinross, chief executive of the grass market community project here in Edinburgh, and with which I am myself familiar, talked about individuals who are, in his words, not wanted by the commercial or even public sectors and said of the people they have helped. You will never get a more loyal member of staff or anyone who is more grateful for a job. I have had people in my office telling me that they would do anything for the grass market. It is a hugely privileged position to have someone in your office saying that about you. That is because, in their view, you have literally saved them, you saved their life, and I end the quote. Those emotive words give us insight into how entrepreneurship can deliver improved social outcomes. During my time as an MSP, I have seen first hand that social enterprise comes in all shapes and sizes. Tipperet campel community is based in Edinburgh Pentlands in my region, and it offers residential care and a variety of day services to people with learning disabilities and autism. Their social enterprise projects, including making and delivering compost and firewood, give people with additional support needs a route into employment. For Tipperet's customers, the product holds that added value, which is more than just about price, quality or availability. The social enterprise strategy notes the greater appetite that the Scottish public now has for those social products. It goes on to hint at a social certification scheme to increase awareness, which was developed further in the action plan of last year. Given that the evidence that our committee called for this very initiative earlier in the year, I would be grateful if the cabinet secretary could provide us with an update on that. Other social enterprises help people in different ways, often stepping in because everyone else has left. The motto of Castle Community Bank is banking but with a community spirit. Indeed, as the major banks seem to take flight from the high street, credit unions and community banks are stepping in to see whether they can provide a viable alternative. Castle has been looking at the possibility of doing this in parts of Edinburgh, such as Juniper Green and Leith. Their willingness to step in in this way has been a comfort to those who have felt abandoned. Those are just a few examples of the social and community benefits that can be delivered through such entrepreneurship. As we celebrate those successes, there is still a lot more that can be done by social enterprises themselves, their commercial partners and, importantly, by government. Evidence that we heard in the economy committee was around a frustration about government tendering processes and recognising social value. Social enterprises have spoken about competing with traditional commercial businesses who perhaps do not place as much emphasis and social benefit as they do. They feel that it is also forgotten in the procurement process. If social enterprises are to survive and compete, there must be a way for them not only to showcase the value that they bring but for them to be able to do so easily. After all, many are small, with 43 per cent of them generating an income of under £50,000. A flexible and holistic Scottish model of impact measurement would be welcome. As we celebrate what is going on in Scotland, we should help social enterprises that want to expand further a field to do so. With the international reputation that we have, there is an interest elsewhere for us to go further. As the Government's strategy recognises, social enterprises should be able to access high-quality export advice. Again, I wonder whether the cabinet secretary can tell us about this and whether last week's announcement of an export partnership drive with the CBI will include room for successful Scottish social enterprises to work within the scheme to help similar entrepreneurs to do the same. Deputy Presiding Officer, let me conclude by, in particular, thanking those who work in our social enterprise sector and to wish them well for the week ahead. James Kelly, to be followed by John Mason. Thank you very much, Deputy Presiding Officer. Like other speakers, I congratulate Aileen Campbell on her promotion to the Scottish Cabinet and wish her well in her new post. Many of the speakers have highlighted the benefits of social enterprises. A lot of people, a lot of members, are talking about practical examples in their constituency, so I am also talking about the statistics that back up the benefits of social enterprises. The fact that there are 5,600 in Scotland employ over 80,000 people and generate a £5 billion contribution to the Scottish economy. Of course, all those things are important, but I very much agree with the points that Patrick Harvie was making about social enterprises when he said that, essentially, it is a different approach that social enterprises come forward with. It is a more ethical approach. There is not the same focus on the profit and loss account or the balance sheet. There tends to be a more collective approach amongst the people who run the social enterprises and use the social enterprises. That, therefore, leads to more ethical trading conditions and also better conditions to work in. Monica Lennon was witness in the fact that 72 per cent of the enterprises pay the living wage and that 64 per cent are led by women. Clearly, there are trailblazers in areas that we would want to be best practice in the Scottish economy. I also think that they play an important role in taking on many of the challenges that we have in community throughout Scotland. We have a growing elderly population, which is good that people are able to live older. However, with that comes challenges. Some elderly people, particularly if their partner passes away, can have an issue of loneliness. If they are able to participate in a social enterprise or if a social enterprise is able to interact with providing a service, that is very important for those elderly people. In terms of social exclusion, it remains a challenge in some communities where there is a lot of deprivation and that people are not included in traditional employment opportunities. Social enterprises are better at reaching out to that and ensuring that people get their chances. It is also fair to say that there has been more pressure on public service budgets in recent years. There have been cuts and that has left a shortfall on a gap, but social enterprises have been good at filling. In terms of my region as a Glasgow MSP, there are many good examples of social enterprise. Patrick Harvie has a debate on that issue coming up tomorrow night. Rather than the healthy and happy, which are a local charity, there are a couple of social enterprise initiatives. One is the Camglen bike town, which is great at promoting cycling and participation in cycling. A good member's debate on the European Championships last week spoke about the importance of building on the legacy of that. Organisations such as the Camglen bike town can provide a lot of support to that by encouraging people to cycle, not only that but promoting greater infrastructure for cycling and helping people with the repair and maintenance of their bikes. Healthy and happy also has the number 18 social enterprise facility, which is a former church in Rutherglen, and which is used as a community facility for many groups in the area, including Camglen radio, which I was honoured to be able to visit just last Friday. The other point that I would make in the discussion is that I think that there has to be more use made of co-operatives. I declare an interest as a member of the co-operative party. I am convener of the cross-party group in co-operatives. We recently had a good discussion about housing co-ops, led by Whitlerburn housing co-operative at the last meeting. Again, Monica Lennon mentioned some of the challenges that there are around housing. West Whitlerburn housing co-op has been a shining example in addressing some of those challenges in that local area. However, there has not been any housing co-ops established in Scotland for 15 years. We are missing a trick, both in terms of housing, but generally in co-ops and not promoting them enough. I would like to see the Scottish Government make co-operatives and co-operative development in Scotland more central to its economic and social strategy. I want to agree with everyone else on support and social enterprises, but I want to emphasise that we need to bring co-ops more into the Scottish Government's economic strategy. I would be interested to hear the cabinet secretary's views on that in summing up. John Mason, please. I was looking back at last spoke in a debate on social enterprise in February 2017. Since then, I think that we would all agree that the sector has developed, although there have been some of the issues and challenges that people have mentioned today, including raising public understanding of social enterprises. I understand that, as others have said, there is no legal definition of a social enterprise, but there is a clear voluntary code with certain criteria, values and behaviour, the key ones being that a social enterprise must be selling goods or services, profits must not be distributed and should be managed in an accountable and transparent way. If we leave aside housing associations, which certainly in my mind are a distinct sector, as Willie Rennie suggested, one of the largest social enterprises in Scotland would be the WISE group, which I think many will have heard of and which is based in my constituency in the east end of Glasgow. They are involved in a range of areas, including community justice, helping people coming out of prison, getting into work, supporting people looking for employment, energy advice and support. From their 2017 accounts, we see that their turnover was £13.7 million and their average number of employees was £236 million. While many social enterprises are quite small and local—that is a really good thing—we can see that it is also possible to have large and national social enterprises, which makes me think that there is potential to have more of them on a larger scale. For example, the WISE group operates beyond Scotland in the north-east of England as well. Ownership is an issue that has been mentioned already. Clearly, there are a variety of ownership models for organisations. Those ownership models, to me, are inextricably linked to the purpose of the organisation. Sometimes on the economy committee and maybe in Parliament as a whole, we focus mainly on what a business is actually producing. Is it building nuclear submarines? Is it involved in renewables? Is it in tourism or the hospitality sectors? Perhaps we do not concentrate so much on the ownership model and what that is and, related to that ownership model, what is the motive and purpose of the organisation. I believe that ownership tends to drive the purpose of an organisation. In most cases, a private company or a listed company will be aiming first and foremost at maximising profit. They might have other aims as well—maybe a good supplier, a good customer or a good employer. However, if the profit is going entirely to one owner or a group of owners or to a wider range of institutional shareholders, that is bound to affect the way that the organisation behaves. However, there are clearly other models of ownership that perhaps both the public and we in the Parliament give less attention to. For example, employee ownership is one model and a co-operative, as Mr Kelly has been saying, is another model. A social enterprise is not a specific model of ownership, but, like a charity, any profits will be reinvested and not distributed. That means that it would still not want to run at a loss, but the incentive to make profits at all costs is reduced. Motivation is important for an organisation, too. I think that it was Brian Souter who said in relation to the bus sector that it was difficult to get a public service ethos into a private bus company. So ownership is important and affects how an organisation is seen, both by those inside and outside of that organisation. The fact that an organisation is not run for profit or purely for profit, I believe, does change the perception of staff, of customers and of the wider public. The document Scotland's social enterprise strategy 2016-26 makes some very interesting reading two years after its publication, and I particularly wanted to focus on some of the things that it says on pages 11 and 12, where it talks about future influences and trends, and some of those were and are both opportunities and challenges. To take just a few of them, one is under the political and legislation side, there are opportunities under early learning and childcare, that sector is clearly developing and has many opportunities. But perhaps still that sector, we have uncertainty about how much will be public sector provision, how much will be private sector provision and how much might fall under social enterprise. Under public services, there is the suggestion of more preventative services. I have to say that maybe that is something that has moved more slowly and the jury is still out as to where we are going on that, because of course of the factor that we have to disinvest in reactive services if we are going to invest more in preventative services, and therefore perhaps the social enterprise sector has not been able to develop as much in that area as it was hoped. Demographic change is also mentioned, an ageing and changing population, and I do think that there are opportunities, but the challenge is, if you take a large area, a council area, providing guaranteed care services, and my mother is a recipient of these in South Lanarkshire, if you take a larger population like that, it is a challenge, and you can see why local authorities might be more inclined to provide through their own larger in-house provision rather than trying to deal with a number of smaller social enterprises. Those are the kind of challenges that I think we need to face. Ethical consumption is also mentioned and definitely there is an opportunity, but it is harder for people on a limited income who are virtually forced to buy the cheapest product as all that they can afford to also be looking at some of the ethical issues around that. And also a rebalanced economy. It is said in the paper that the continuing long-term priority of achieving a more balanced economy is driving a broader and more diverse business base. That implies a growing need to foster social entrepreneurship, increase the rate of social enterprise formation and encourage more diverse forms of business ownership. Are we making progress on that? I am not sure. I totally agree that we need a more balanced economy and a broader, more diverse business base, but I have to confess in practice when I go for a coffee to meet someone in Glasgow, it is just very easy to go to Cafiniro or Costa rather than making the effort to go to one run by a social enterprise. I think that we have some distance to go on a number of those points and we need to keep this under review. What else can we do in Parliament and in committees like the economy committee in supporting and encouraging social enterprise? I feel that I am running out of time, so I think that I would be better. We have some time in hand so I am being generous. If I can just mention one other thing, that would be the Glasgow social enterprise network, which has been established mainly during 2017 and is now incorporated as a company limited by guarantee. I believe that it is leading the way specifically in social enterprise in the Glasgow third sector interface. It talks about some of the things that it has been doing, such as facilitating space for members, a platform to form partnerships and other great things. In conclusion, I very much welcome the forum coming to Edinburgh. I wish them well, and I am sure that they will be considering some of the issues in the coming days. Thank you very much, Mr Mason. I call Jamie Halcro Johnston to be followed by Tom Arthur. Can I join other members in welcoming the social enterprise world forum to Edinburgh after 10 years? This week's forum will be a truly collaborative event with a range of sponsors from the world of business and enterprise, as well as local organisations like the University of Edinburgh. It is also positive to see the support from the partner organisations, the British Council, Community Enterprise in Scotland, the Scottish Government and Social Enterprise UK. It has undoubtedly been a successful decade for social enterprise in Scotland. As MSPs, we have seen many become established in our communities over those years, no doubt across every region represented here in Parliament. Other Scottish social enterprises like Social Byte have gained an international reputation and more are looking towards exporting beyond our borders. Social enterprises have a significant role to play in our economy, as well as working towards socially conscious ends and responsible business practices. In many cases, people can see directly the benefits that a crew from well-run social enterprises is reinvesting profits from their services back into communities and other projects. We have also heard previously about the opportunities that are presented in terms of building productivity, skills development and employment. I am pleased to look at so many social enterprises in my area and see the possibilities that they have created in employment, particularly. As Dean Lockhart and Monica Lennon said, many are led by women, rather than in conventional businesses. Others have provided fantastic new opportunities to people with disabilities. In my region, the Highlands and Islands accounts for an enormous proportion of Scotland's social enterprise landscape. As we know, the Highlands and Islands Enterprise area accounts for just 9 per cent of Scotland's population but contains within it some 22 per cent of Scotland's social enterprises. Those organisations have thrived in rural communities, but most especially in those that are remote. Again, the social enterprise census illustrates this well, showing that 34 per cent of Scotland's social enterprises are found in rural areas. On my region, this is quite evident. In many cases, social enterprises are created by necessity. Sometimes it is in response to a service provided by a local business who is being lost. Sometimes it is about providing the sort of services that are taken for granted in central belt. On other occasions, it is in response to a public service being withdrawn, with local people coming together to take over the reins. In many cases, we see social enterprises finding a gap in a marketplace and offering something new. Cope in Shetland has, for some years, built up an excellent social enterprise for local people, while also providing employment and skills development for people with learning difficulties or on the autism spectrum disorders. It is also an organisation that has shown significant growth. I hope that that will strike a chord with the minister, having her colleague Jamie Hepburn recently visited Cope. I do not believe that I am overemphasising his comments and saying that he was clearly impressed by what he saw in Shetland. I hope that he will be able—yes, of course. Cabinet Secretary. The summer man has had a real privilege of seeing some of the work that Cope does through the Shetland soap. Equally, like my colleague Jamie Hepburn, he was equally impressed by the real work, commitment and passion and the impact that they have in Shetland. Mr Haukel Johnston Thank you very much for that intervention, and I certainly agree with you. I hope that you and the minister will help to spread some of the lessons that you learned from places such as Shetland and the good practice that they do. In addition, other social enterprises in my region act to preserve local heritage and boost their local area by providing visitor attractions. In 2004, when I was a young candidate just starting out in this politics game, I visited Nacando-Wolladmill in Murray, which at the time was an entry in the BBC's restoration series. It was a place steeped in over 200 years of history but was in a poor state of repair and struggling to survive. In 2014 it reopened and now Nacando has both a history and a future, saved by those who worked hard and recognised the importance of our rural past. Others have grown to become indispensable parts of their communities, promoting mental health, tackling addiction, giving ex-offenders a second chance. I visited Blytrust in Orkney last summer and learned about the fantastic work that they do in supporting those that they work with for providing opportunities within their catering and gardening social enterprises. As a member of the economy committee, we had the opportunity to explore some of the work of social enterprises during our recent inquiry into Scotland's economic performance, as others have mentioned today. To get better grasp of the status of social enterprises in Scotland, we do need better information. The social enterprise census is a starting point, but much of the information about the performance of social enterprises is impossible to find. In many cases, some of the issues that surround social enterprises also overlap with other small businesses. For many who may consider establishing a social enterprise, they do not feel that they have the skills and the knowledge to do so. My party has tried to address this by outlining the need for the promotion of social enterprises and indeed businesses generally within education, inspiring a new generation of entrepreneurs. We also know well the challenges that small local businesses can face in accessing public sector procurement, again, as has been mentioned earlier. We can also have a look at the many successes where they are supported to do so, both at national level and locally. At its core diversity within our economy is undoubtedly positive. Social enterprises particularly can adapt to local change. They can reflect local circumstances and priorities by being grounded in a particular community. They can even bring together communities as local people become involved and their organisations become more visible. Many have led in ethical and environmentally sensitive business models too. It is positive to see Scotland as a significant destination of interest for social enterprise and to bring so many from around the globe to engage in this year's world forum. Even a quick glance at the programme will show that it is truly an international event, but there is plenty of opportunity to share experiences, network and to discuss the next steps for their enterprises. I wish them every success for the week ahead. I call Tom Arthur to be followed by Daniel Johnson. Thank you, Presiding Officer. It is a genuine pleasure to have an opportunity to speak in this afternoon's debate. I would like to begin by welcoming Eileen Campbell to her new position and congratulating on her appointment and to pay tribute to Angela Constance for her work in the previous position and who has been such a fantastic champion for equality issues, and I am sure that we will continue to be so on the back benches. One of the great joys of debating social enterprises is that there is an opportunity to hear about the various social enterprises across Scotland. Indeed, we are having this debate because we are celebrating social enterprises from across the entire globe. I feel honoured for Scotland, but I well earned one that the world forum is coming home after 10 years. Just looking at the statistics, 1,400 delegates from across the world are testament to the size, scale, energy and dynamism of the global social enterprise movement. Before talking about that, I want to bring things a bit closer to home to my constituency of Renfisher South to be specific. I want to touch on a few of the fantastic social enterprises that operate there. They give a fantastic example of the transformative impact that social enterprises can have in their communities. Take, for example, the Neuston Development Trust, which was established some years ago. Originally, it was a project to take ownership of a former bank, which is now a thriving community cafe, one that I am very pleased to host my surgeries into, I will add. Based on the cafe, it is also the Neuston-Nuplemur community first responders, a group that I have spoken about previously in this Parliament. That gives an excellent example of the partnership working that is going to exist between social enterprises and other groups. It is also present in the bank cafe. It is a psycho repair initiative. This is playing an invaluable role in promoting active travel within Neuston and the wider East Renfisher area. I have had the privilege of meeting some of the individuals who worked there. Last year, I had the opportunity to meet an individual who had recently started a training programme there, aiming for his sitting guilds. He was an individual who had come from quite a difficult background. He had been in and out of the criminal justice system and had, to some extent, lost hope. The opportunity to gain a set of skills, working and learning cycle maintenance was absolutely transformative for him. He gave him a real sense of pride and a sense of ambition, rather than thinking on the past and what might have been he was talking about in the future. That is one very small example of the incredible impact that social enterprises can have, not just in the communities but the individuals who work for social enterprises. I could not talk about Neuston Development Trust and not mention the windfall that they received. I used that term advisedly from their sale of their straight steak in the Neuston wind farm, which generated £2 million for them. That is not a substantial sum of money that they have at their disposal. I have been pleased to have conversations with Neuston Development Trust, who I know will be looking to use that windfall to maximise opportunities for other groups and individuals in the Neuston and wider area. I also want to touch on the local energy action plan, which is based in Lachwyn. I can also operate in Bridges of Weir and my colleague Derek Mackay's constituency. We do a range of excellent work promoting energy and environmental efficiencies. For example, we have a car club that provides advice and support that is involved in food sustainability. I am looking forward to working with them as we move into the winter months to provide information and support from my constituents to ensure that they can stay warm this winter but in a way that does not break the piggy bank, so to speak. I also want to go and highlight active communities. They are originally a paisley-based organisation, and I know that my colleague George Adam is speaking later, so I am sure that we will hear plenty about paisley-based organisations, but they also operate within Johnston as well. I want to highlight a project that we are currently involved in, which is to take over the former Johnston police station. We have recently been awarded £10,000 from the Renfisher Council Community Empowerment Fund, and I want to pay tribute to my SNP colleague, Councillor Ian Nicholson, who is the leader of Renfisher Council and the Administration for the Energy and Drive that they have shown in engaging with social enterprises and community groups across the Renfisher and, indeed, in my Renfisher South constituency. Active communities started 15 years ago as a jogging and walking group. It has now expanded into a range of other areas, with more than 700 people participating every single week. Their projects and vision for what I hope will be the successful acquisition of the former Johnston police station are impressive, including setting up the men's shed and providing a permanent base for Kairos, which is a new and inclusive women's initiative that is pioneering, which is led and developed by local women, which presides drop-in sessions and personal development courses. As I move on to my conclusion, I want to pick up a few of the marks that were made by other members and contained in one or two of the Opposition amendments. I think that one of Colleen's amendments in speaking about filling the gap made a very, very important point. There is a gap to be filled as a consequence of austerity. Given the nature of this debate, I do not want to engage in political point of scoring, but there are challenges that we face that simply cannot be met by the state or local government in those times, and social enterprises pay an invaluable role. Along with many other people in society, for example, who are unpaid carers, they really are the unsung heroes, and so many services simply could not be delivered without their effort and energy. Finally, I want to highlight a remark that is not in the chamber at the moment, but Patrick Harvie made, which was that speaking to social enterprises as a model for the wider economy, he spoke of an economy driven by values. That reflects something that Duncan Forbes from Social Enterprise Scotland stated in a recent blog. He said that, in terms of struggling to almost define social enterprises, which has been a theme of the debate, Duncan Forbes stated that, ultimately, it is about building a new kind of economy where everyone is included and where everyone can prosper. We want to drive forward wealth creation, ethical business practice and fair workplaces. In times and perhaps in many of our debates, we can look at wealth creation or fair work or ethical business practices as existing in silos and being independent and separate from each other. However, in social enterprises, we see them all working together and we see the benefit that they bring. I think that social enterprises will continue to deliver for our local communities. We provide a model for the kind of economy that we can aspire to be in the future, and I just wish to conclude by wishing all the delegates to the forum the very best for a successful week. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. I would like to begin just by drawing members' attention to my register of interests. I am a company director of a business with retail interests in Edinburgh, but that is also why I am very pleased to speak in this debate. Indeed, in some ways, I want to follow on from the remarks that Tom Arthur just made, because I think that this is an opportunity not just to reflect on social enterprises themselves but to reflect on the changing face of business and the very real role that social enterprises played in that changing role. I am an unapologetic child of the 80s. When you say business to me, even as someone who has worked in business, I cannot help but think of images of the film Wall Street and Gordon Gekko, red braces and business driven by asset stripping and profiteering of the job losses of downtrodden workers. Indeed, I think that there is much in business that is unpalatable, but I think that it is also something that has changed and very remarkably so in recent years. When I think about my working life as somebody who started work at the beginning of this millennium or just before it, we have gone from a situation where business saw social responsibility as something that they had to do. It was something that they tucked at the end of their annual report to what we see today. I go to meetings of the CBI and other business organisations and they recognise that diversity is core to what they do. Social responsibility is not just something that they add on to the business but is core to the way that they run their businesses and that their businesses are better for doing so. For me, it is not a coincidence that, through this period of time, we have also seen the hugely important role of social enterprise. Although some people in the chamber this afternoon have questioned whether there is a need for a definition, it is difficult to define social enterprise. They are very diverse, but at their core there are three critical elements. One is that they are unashamedly commercial. They seek to run a business and develop a profit. Critically, as that profit is reinvested along the lines of both their wider social aims and, indeed, their core purposes. It is where I take a slight issue with what John Mason was saying, that its profit itself is not the problem. It is what that profit is used for. That is very true for social enterprise, but it is true for the wider private business as well. Good business reinvests its profit, both in its productive capacity and in its workers. That is critical. That is the example that social enterprise can provide. That is why I am proud to be speaking in this debate, speaking from Labour benches, because I think that there is a labour case for business. We have a strong record. I think that, both in terms of creating social investment, Scotland is my colleague Lenin. I fundamentally believe that business at its best creates opportunity. It creates work and jobs. Jobs that are not just merely about earning a wage, but jobs that empower the individual and businesses that do so by supporting, nurturing and including their workers. The change that we see in modern businesses is that they recognise that that is not just a good thing to do for wider reasons, but that it makes their businesses more productive. As we move towards a knowledge economy, I think that that becomes critical. The only way that you can be a productive business in the knowledge economy is if you include your workers, you empower your workers, you reinvest the old model of asset stripping business, profiteering business, a business that seeks to extract profit for private good is simply bust and belongs to the past. Gordon Gecko might not be gone, but we are, I think, in a period of change. The one question that I would pose is whether we are right to treat social enterprise as such a different category of business. What is of critical importance is that, as the Government looks at its policy of supporting social enterprise, it does so in an integrated way across its enterprise policy. I very much support the comments to that end that other members have made. It would be entirely remiss of me to make this speech by mentioning social enterprises in my constituency. I would just like to disagree with everyone in the chamber that it is Edinburgh's southern that is the true home of social enterprise in Scotland. Let me give you two examples of why. First, I will dig in in Brunsfield in my constituency, which is a fantastic example of the community coming together in the face of the loss of a local independent business to create a community greengrocer. Over 200 people came together to form that at their first meeting with 300 people owning shares. It has now been in existence for the last four years and very successfully so. Likewise, I would like to highlight the work of the bike station. Indeed, one aside, there seems to be a common thread. The bicycle seems to be fundamental to an awful lot of social enterprise in Scotland. I do not know what that is, but it may be something to look at. It grew from an informal bike swap in Sheen's primary school in my constituency, recycling bikes and teaching bicycle maintenance. Its most recent balance bike project has delivered over 100 bikes to nurseries across the Lothian region, making sure that all young children learn those vital early habits in terms of their health and fitness. What they have in common is investing back, as I was saying earlier in my contribution, into their wider aims, but also doing so in being conscious of the wider benefits and the wider community, which is vital with social enterprise. It is hugely important that we recognise the importance of this conference, that it is happening in Edinburgh. It is a huge benefit when Edinburgh and Scotland host discussions about social enterprise or other initiatives, but we must also look towards the future of social enterprise, making sure that it is not just a sticking plaster as we have spoken to in the Labour amendment for other services in our community, but likewise that it is properly supported within the broader context of our enterprise strategy asset and the Tory amendment, which is why I will be supporting both of those this evening. I call George Adam to be followed by Jeremy Balfour. Mr Balfour will be the last speaker in the open debate. Mr Adams, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. This debate is a perfect opportunity to celebrate the progress that we have made in the past 10 years and to acknowledge all that Scotland is doing to promote social enterprise, not just home but globally. It is also an opportunity to draw attention to the excellent work that is going on in my constituency and to the wider remfisher community. I say that wider remfisher community, Presiding Officer, but it just means paisley. Although it is phenomenal that Scotland is recognised as a world leader in the facilitation and promotion of social enterprise, it is important for me to look past this global praise and examine the great work that is going on in all our constituencies. Just last week, during the programme for government debate, I stressed that the heart of everything that the Government is doing is dignity and respect and the drive to put people first. Drawing attention to and supporting local social enterprise does exactly what those organisations have the ability to make a difference within our communities to effect positive change. Unlike traditional businesses that focus on making profits for shareholders, the social enterprise model uses business practices to achieve socially positive goals. That could be anything from delivering youth activities to running a community hall. I have seen the success of the first hand in my constituency and know that the benefits can be life changing for many people. Paisley alone, the social enterprise model benefits thousands within the community, and there are plenty of excellent organisations that I could name as a testament to Scotland's success as a social enterprise advocate. Initially, I was wondering what I would discuss and what I would mention first. When I listened to Mr Mason's contribution, I remembered that I could start with one that I am involved with myself, which is the Submarine Independent Supporters Association, a not-for-profit community trust of which I am convener, who now owns 28 per cent of the stock of Submarine Football Club, working with Gordon Scott and our own target to have a majority share of the club in eight years' time. That is an important debate within our community and within our national sport in general is in who ends up owning the football clubs at the end of the day. One of the things that we found difficult during the negotiations was bearing in mind that we, as a social enterprise and a not-for-profit trust, were negotiating with an organisation that was full of business people who were purely thinking on a business basis. That was a difficult thing for us to overcome to get to the stage, but now, luckily, we have 1,300 Submarine supporters and Paisley Buddies putting in between £12 and £25 per month, and I have all bought into that long-term goal. The whole idea is that managers and football can, they may come and go, and a lot of them have been coming and going, and it has been in my heart quite a lot recently. Star players may shine brightly for a while, but it is the fans and the community at a club that will always be with the team. There is no right or wrong way to ensure fan ownership of Scotland's football teams. In this debate, there is no right or wrong way for a social enterprise to go forward as long as it sticks by its ideals and its own beliefs and what it wants to achieve. It is an idea and an ideal that time has come. I could give another example of, in my constituency, where the Thomas Coates memorial church, a massive, massive Baptist church that was made by the Coates fire cotton barn family, which has now been closed because, basically, the individuals and churchgoers could no longer sustain a building of that size. It is a cathedral-like building. There is a trust being set up, which I have said I would be happy to be a member, in order to see how we find a future for this one building, how we find a sustainable future for that building, and that is the way that I can see social inclusion and social businesses making a difference in our communities. There is also the Star project in Paisley, which is an award-winning organisation that has delivered sustainable and positive social outcomes since opening their doors in 1999. They employ a person-centred approach, delivery group and individual support plans and work constantly with local and national strategies to build safer, more connected and resilient families and communities. I visited the Star project last year and spoke to constituents and saw for myself what the programme does and what it means to people. Organisations such as the Star project go a long way towards tackling inequalities by helping people with everything from battling loneliness to applying for benefits. Above all, the Star project equips people with the connections and confidence to thrive, which in turn encourages growth throughout the community. With that in mind, it is clear that social enterprises can directly help to address the underlying causes of poverty and inequality in our communities and ensure that everyone is able to live in a fairer, healthier and happier country. We are all people who are valued and able to achieve their potential. 45 per cent of social enterprises have stated that one of their main objectives is to create employment opportunities by helping to unlock the full potential of more people furthest from the labour market. Social enterprises not only connect people with their communities but can help to harness productive capacity and therefore strengthen long-term economic performance. That is another excellent example of social enterprise in my constituency, which is Loud and Proud organisation, run by Tommy McGrory. Loud and Proud has been reuniting Paisley's passion for music for over 10 years, and during that time has helped countless students to access and achieve success in the music industry. While making a huge contribution to the regeneration of Paisley as a whole, their main goal is to educate, train and prepare students for a career in either music or music technology, and at the same time give others the ability to simply play and enjoy. It is proven time and time again how successful music is at connecting people from the far corners of our community, but too often young people face barriers and roadblocks to their dreams and aspirations. Loud and Proud has been knocking down those barriers, and as the results have been tenfold, while enjoyment is at the heart of what they do, I know that Tommy equally focuses on knowledge and discipline that he can pass on to his young students. The self-discipline that is needed for excellence in the music business, such as time-keeping preparation, relying on others, being relied upon and working as a team, all valuable skills in that industry. Social enterprise is the way forward, and we must do all that we can to remain at the forefront of global developments in that area and make sure that we remain committed to funding and supporting local organisations. They really can change people's lives and reshape whole communities in the process, and they can regenerate our communities. Thank you very much, and I call Jeremy Balfour, who will then move to the closing speeches. Six-minute warning has been issued. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I like everyone else so far. I want to welcome the debate and the delegates to Edinburgh. As we have heard, social enterprise is good for the Scottish economy. It makes a £2 billion economic contribution to our economy, and that is something that we should welcome and appreciate. However, it has its roots often in small projects. 43 per cent of social enterprise have an income of less than 50,000. It employs 80,000 FTE across the whole of our country. As we have already heard, 61 per cent of social enterprise are run by women at far higher than in any other sector. As well as having a higher proportion of women running it, many social enterprises, as we have just heard from the previous speakers, seek to engage with those who are seeking to get back into employment and who are struggling to do that. Whether that is older people, disabled people, those from ethnic minorities or other categories within our society. That is something that we should welcome and encourage, but it also becomes the challenge. Over the past couple of hours, we have heard that the heartwarming stories of how good social enterprises have been in different communities, how they have been successful, how they have attracted employment and how they have gone from strength to strength. Being the final speaker, I am Mr Petra Mystic. The one social enterprise that I was involved in through a charity that I used to be involved in went belly up after six months. The reason it went belly up was not because it did not have a good model, not because it did not have good leadership, because I was part of it, but the problem was that there was a tension between how we attract people into employment who are difficult to place and, at the same time, making enough money to keep the social enterprise going. Willie Rennie made a helpful observation, but there are lots of social enterprises who are running at a loss or nearly running at a loss. I think that there is a challenge there for those who are seeking to set up social enterprise, but we do want to encourage people into the workplace who perhaps have not had that opportunity either through the public or private sector. However, how do we get them into employment? How do we give them the training and, at the same time, have a model that will work and will be sustainable? For those social enterprises that we have heard about today who have had success, we need to be able to, and hopefully this week here in Edinburgh, we will be able to hear of good practice and schemes that have worked so that people can learn from that, see where the mistakes are and then move on from that. However, there is, as again previously mentioned, a role for government both here in Scotland and at Westminster and within our local authorities. I am delighted that we have the city deal here for Edinburgh and the south-east of Scotland. It is going to bring in millions of pounds into the economy. We are going to see innovation hubs started in some of our universities. We are going to see the arts here in Edinburgh benefit because of national and local government coming together. However, I think that there needs to be a role for social enterprise in all of this. We need to make sure that we do not leave behind the more difficult communities within Lovian, the Borders and Fife. Social enterprise can be used with government-targeted funding and local authority-targeted funding to help those who are struggling to get into employment, particularly those with disabilities, to give them that experience so that they can learn from it. I think that this has been a helpful debate and encouraging debate, but there are lessons to learn and challenges ahead. I, too, want to wish well to all those who are meeting within the capital over this week and hope that the lessons that they learn can be fed down to all organisations across Scotland. I am pleased that all members are present for closing speeches apart from those who asked for, who requested and have been granted leave not to be in the chamber. So there is a big plus for today. It has made my day. I now go on to the closing speeches. I call on Alex Rowley to close for Labour. Six minutes please, Mr Rowley. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I am pleased to close the debate for Labour today. We would also like to extend a welcome to social enterprise world forum as it comes to Scotland this year. I would also wish the cabinet secretary the very best in her new role. As James Kelly said, Scotland is an excellent choice to host this gathering as we have an array of world-class social enterprises operating throughout the country. That includes my home area of Fife. Fife's social enterprise network was actually the first local social enterprise network to start up. The first meeting took place in 2004 at Furniture Plus in Dysart, and it continued to hold regular meetings. There are more than 160 social enterprises in operation across Fife, and they have a total income in excess of £26 million. In Clackmannanshire, Stirling and across Mid-Scotland in Fife, social enterprise play an important part in our daily rife. Both Willie Rennie and Bruce Crawford highlighted some of those. As the motion notes and as the cabinet secretary said, the inaugural world forum event took place here in Edinburgh 10 years ago, so it is only fitting that the 10th anniversary of this event, one that will bring delegates from all over the world together, once again returns to Scotland. Social Enterprise Scotland has stated that the purpose of the world forum is for social enterprise leaders, practitioners and supporters from all over the world to come together to share the knowledge, build networks and discuss practical ways to build a more sustainable economy. That comes at a time when more and more people are realising that the current way our economy and society works is not fair and is not set up to deliver in the interests of the many. The gathering is certainly something that we should welcome, celebrate and encourage more of, especially given the fact that social enterprises play such a vital role in our communities and also significantly contribute to our economy as a whole. I would also like to add to what Monica Lennon said and focus on the social good of many local social enterprises working at the community level, providing many high-quality social services from care for the elderly, transport to supporting people and to employment and often the last line of defence against some of the deep-rooted poverty and deprivation that exists in far too many communities across Scotland. In focusing on this area of work, I would have to say that many organisations have also felt the impact of failed austerity and cuts to the public services, but there is also, I believe, a missed opportunity to grow this sector, as John Mason touched on. Community planning partnerships were meant to work in such a way that they brought all the key players together and focused all of the resources on achieving the outcomes set by the partnerships. I believe that much more needs to be done to ensure the ability and effectiveness of social enterprises to reach communities and achieve the strategic policy objectives of government is recognised. On top of the economic and social importance, many social enterprises are also leading the way in creating progressive, fair and equal workplaces, the kind that we need to see more of in Scotland. That was highlighted by Patrick Harvie. 70 per cent of Scotland's social enterprises are led by and accountable to people in their local communities. 64 per cent are led by women. 72 per cent pay all employees the real living wage, and, further to that, they also have a smaller wage gap between the highest and the lowest paid in their organisations, something that many of our large organisations both in the private and public sector could learn from. It can at times be difficult to define what a social enterprise actually is, but at its core, a social enterprise is a more ethical, dynamic and independent way to do business. As Daniel Johnson pointed out, it is a business with social objectives whose surplices are reinvested for the purpose either in the business itself or with the community rather than being driven to maximise return for shareholders and owners. Organisations such as this have such an important role to play, especially with the current climate of ideologically driven austerity, as a number of speakers have highlighted. It is fortunate that there are organisations out there who are trying their best to mitigate against some of the worst effects of the rise of austerity that we have seen over the past few years. Dean Lockhart talked about the need for more investment, but this is a contradiction to his and the Scottish Tories' support for austerity. We need a rethink when it comes to Tory party and its zealous austerity agenda, continuing to chip away at our public services and its ability to invest in areas such as social enterprise. Tom Arthur made the point that he did not want to make this about politics, but I say that when we are debating the importance of social enterprise, it is crucial to highlight the negative impact of failed Tory austerity for you will not create a better society whilst promoting inequality through austerity and you will not grow a dynamic community led social enterprise approach against a backdrop of deep-rooted cuts. The speeches today all recognised the massive potential of growing the sector of our economy. We need to follow that up with resources and investment, and that means an end to austerity and recognition for the need for investment in growth right across Scotland. I would like to join with my colleagues across the chamber to welcome the social enterprise world forum back to Scotland and congratulate all those involved in organising and delivering the event. As we have heard, the forum enables social enterprises from across the world to share wisdom, build networks and explore how to create a more sustainable future. There is no doubt that this opportunity to share stories of success and failure can be one of the most important things in progressing a business. Although discussing those challenges that they have faced and the support and skills that might have moved them forward or have moved them forward are essential in terms of their learning. However, today's debate in this chamber has given us the opportunity to share our own stories of the fantastic social enterprises around Scotland, from Bruce Crawford's detailed description of Calender Scotland's first social enterprise town to Gordon Lindhurst's quotes from Johnnie Crenkin Ross from The Grassmarket Project. I had the privilege to work with Johnnie 10 years ago when I was involved in setting up and running a social enterprise and a charity and Johnnie came to work for us. I know that Johnnie's commitment to social enterprise is second to none. For that reason, his words around the impact that it has not only on the community it actually delivers to but on the people who work for social enterprises sits very comfortably with me because he's absolutely right. It is incredibly meaningful to people when they can get involved and social enterprises came about in the recognition that there were organisations using the power of business to bring about social and environmental change and Monica Lennon in fact highlighted that and highlighted the way in which social enterprises have a strong history of responding to social challenges and that's exactly what they have been doing. What we have recognised over the last few years is their massive growth. There's been a huge growth in the number of social organisations that identify as social enterprises over the last 20 or 30 years and for that reason I very much welcome the cabinet secretary's support that the Scottish Government is currently giving and is going on to give to social enterprise because it's not about just whether we need them and I'm sad that there has been a move to politicising this debate but it is also about whether we want them and how we want them, how we want to organise them, how we want to control them, whether they need to be regulated how much support they actually need because actually we have seen in their operation the potential to create an increased sense of community belonging as well as providing better access to services for those who are often marginalised in their communities. John Mason spoke very eloquently about the different models of organisations that have been around and are around whether it's co-op, social enterprises or extremely well-run businesses. All of them actually play their part in supporting community benefit and he talked about the challenge in how you actually create a better community than the need to upstream money to that preventative work, which is actually very difficult to do and we have a real opportunity with social enterprises to actually facilitate that move that I know the Scottish Government originally spoke about 10 years ago because I gave evidence to them on it and I think most of us across this chamber want to see so if we can actually get that upstreaming of funding and of operations that will actually come with a mixed economy we absolutely should be celebrating that across all parties. Social enterprises are a vital part of democracy and Government around the globe are coming to recognise their value and it's good to see Scotland at the forefront of this development. I think we can as the cabinet secretary said be rightly pleased that we have a leading place in the development of social enterprises but they are businesses and they do require the skills and approaches that will ensure their sustainability and if we don't recognise that we will get increased failure and we will get people coming in thinking it's an easy way to operate to earn a living it's not it's hard I know I've done it I'm still doing it as Willie Rennie identified 41% of social enterprises returned a loss in the last year and that that should raise significant alarm bells if sustainability is our watchword. Quite a lot of people talked about defining a social enterprise and the importance of that. Yes it is important but I agree with Daniel Johnson and others who said we should be careful when we start defining it because good businesses also lend to our social welfare and actually we don't want to constrain entrepreneurs an opportunity by putting too strict a process around it. However we do need to define it well enough to make sure that they are sustainable and I think a number of speakers actually talked about the need to actually ensure that. I think it was Gordon Lindhurst who sorry apologies, Gordon Lindhurst talked about the need for a flexible and holistic Scottish model of impact measurement and that is absolutely something I think we should think about because it will help us understand what is happening and it will help us to direct our support appropriately to ensure that things are sustainable. Each and every one of us can make a contribution to this and I must echo my colleague Dean Lockhart when he said that Scottish Government must take seriously its role to provide a clear and structured framework for social enterprise and to allow for more certainty in the sector. They do need business support and we must get that to them. I just quickly before I close because I know the Presiding Officer is going to ask me to do so now mention a couple of enterprises in my own area that I was very impressed with when I visited them. One of them is called the UKAN Cook project from Peebleshire which has actually now established an official partnership with the University of Edinburgh business school to promote an eat healthy, live healthy lifestyle and it also promotes social enterprise to students and graduates with the aim of inspiring more students to get involved with social enterprise projects. I think these are the kind of things that we need to look for and as Jamie Halcro Johnston emphasised in many cases local people are able to see the benefits of those well run social enterprises quickly as they are reinvested back into community projects. In conclusion I want to just thank everybody involved in this forum and in terms of the motions sadly we will be supporting the Government's motion but we won't sadly be able to support Labour's because you have politicised the language in this and social enterprise is not a political issue it is a community benefit issue that we're all involved with. I now call Irene Campbell to close the cabinet secretary till decision time please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Today's debate has been an absolute pleasure to be part of members from across the country describing whether real sense of pride the social enterprises in their constituencies and regions and give a flavour of the variety and scale of work happening in villages and towns and cities across their length and breadth of Scotland and I'm certainly looking forward to going to calendar this evening with Bruce Crawford and I would just say though to Daniel Johnson he said his constituency was the home of social enterprise I'll just gently remind him that I have new lannock in my constituency so I'm going to claim that for my own but what is common to all these stories is that Scotland's social entrepreneurs are driven by a passion to improve the communities in which they live and what is also strong is the united front this parliament has put on today largely united front this parliament's put on today across all the parties to come together to celebrate the achievements in Scotland of our social enterprises and the real global lead Scotland is taking that positivity is absolutely important as Scotland welcomes the world to the social enterprise world forum but it's also important as some global representatives of the social enterprise academy are here with us in the chamber today and I think I understand that pupils from Broughton high school have also visited the parliament today and I think it's important that they hear and see that it's not just this government that endeavours to support social enterprises but a collective endeavour that is not owned by one political party but a united Scottish approach that is not complacent but still seeks to grow and has actually helped transform the approach for other businesses as I think Daniel Johnson mentioned in his remarks the contributions today in the contributors today have been constructive they've been insightful and they've been considered and they're not simply about just seeking to congratulate Scotland on what we've achieved but really think about what next for Scotland and social enterprise what more can we do as a society to rebalance our economy to create the fairness and inclusive growth that we all want to see so while we are in agreement the debate was not though without its challenge and it's really difficult to single out a particular contribution but I really valued the words of Patrick Harvie when he did take a bit of a nostalgic tour of his own life growing up with a very active mother I can certainly relate to that as well I would just point out though that he did mention green light and I understand that PACE are working there as well to provide some help and support and certainly can facilitate any more information on that matter but Patrick Harvie for me when he described social enterprise summed it up when he described the resource that they value is the creativity and the talents of people that they are part of an economy driven by values and again that approach and that emphasis was underlined and reiterated by Tom Arthur, James Kelly and Monica Lennon that they show a potentially superior basis for economy motivated by ethical practice and localism and so given what our communities stand to gain by looking at inclusive economic growth through the prism of social enterprise it's absolutely right that members ask government what more we can do so in response to some of the issues that were raised and Odin Lockhart mentioned the need to declutter the landscape and we are developing a map of the social enterprise ecosystem to simplify that landscape the new south of scotland agency is also looking to Highlands and Islands enterprise as a model approach to supporting social enterprise and there's a knowledge and exchange programme between Scottish enterprise and just enterprise I also I think those were issues that were raised by other members who contributed to this debate I think Dean Lockhart and Gordon Linterst also mentioned the issues around public procurement and we're funding partnership for procurement to provide free tender writing support and encourage that work to ensure that more people can get access to those public those opportunities so again we can furnish him with more information on that. Patrick Harvie and Willie Rennie also spoke about the challenge that many social enterprises face in terms of trying to make ends meet again that was a point that was raised by Jeremy Balfour you weren't being pessimistic is absolutely legitimate point to make again just enterprise gives free advice and has business recovery service and again we would just stress to any social enterprise that is feeling the pinch to contact just enterprise as early as they possibly can we're always looking to see if these things can be improved and what else in terms of support might be offered James Kelly and Monica Lennon also mentioned cooperatives and again the Scottish Government funds cooperative development Scotland to promote that model and I agree that this should be absolutely viewed as part of that wider movement in our attempt to rebalance the economy and indeed I know growing up that my dad was part of east of Scotland farmers limited that that itself was a cooperative and I know how important it is for that part of the world in Strathbore and finally I think people did mention the issue around definition I and again I would just point to the voluntary code of practice for social enterprises in Scotland as the benchmark criteria and values for any social enterprise establishing itself in Scotland. Now I want to, Presiding Officer, conclude by bringing together the reasons why we do value our social enterprises. Alec Rowley spoke passionately and rightly about the need for creating a fairer economy that benefits us all inclusively and it's about empowering our communities about recognising that when we permit and allow our communities to have the chance to take charge to reimagine what life could be like special things happen and they have a reach that probably Scottish Government, local government or health services just don't have. Social enterprises are nimble that agile respond to community need and so we need to acknowledge this and Alec Rowley again was right to bring in community planning partnerships into this debate as we need to recognise and we need to see a much greater recognition of what social enterprises can do in that community planning partnership level. Again so in conclusion Presiding Officer I just want to underline the fact that the reason we are gathered here today is to welcome the social enterprise world forum and I think on behalf of us all we do sincerely want to welcome the world to Scotland and on behalf of us all I think what we want to do is to ensure that the next 10 years of social enterprise development in Scotland is equally as exciting helps more community organisations across Scotland to develop the work that they want to and respond to the community need that they and the challenges that they face and that together across all of those social enterprises the variety and the diversity that they bring to our communities that we can all work to support them to create the fairer and more equal society that we all seek to see. Thank you very much and that concludes our debate on the social enterprise world forum 2018. The next item of business is consideration of business motion 13861 in the name of Graham Day on behalf of the Parliamentary Bureau setting out a revised programme for tomorrow. I could ask if any member wishes to speak against the motion in which case press their request speak button now and I call on Graham Day to move the motion. No one is asked to speak against the motion therefore the question is that motion 13861 is agreed are we all agreed? Thank you. We turn to decision time. There are three questions to be put as a result of today's business. The first question is that amendment 1313.1 sorry 13813.1 in the name of Dean Lockhart which seeks to amend motion 13813 in the name of alien Campbell on the social enterprise world forum 2018 be agreed are we all agreed? We are agreed. The next question is that motion 13813.2 in the name of Monica Lennon which seeks to amend the motion in the name of alien Campbell be agreed are we all agreed? We're not agreed. We'll move to division and members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment number 13813.2 in the name of Monica Lennon is yes 88 no 29 there were no abstentions the amendment is therefore agreed. And the final question is that motion 13813 in the name of alien Campbell as amended on the social enterprise world forum 2018 be agreed are we all agreed? We're not agreed. We'll move to a vote members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on motion 13813 in the name of alien Campbell as amended is yes 88 no 29 there were no abstentions the motion as amended is therefore agreed. And that concludes decision time. We'll move now to members business in the name of Claire Baker on the ecology centre King horn which marks its 20th anniversary. We'll just take a few moments for members and the minister to change seats.