Dear students, I hope all of you are fine, today we are in the lecture number 40 of the database management system course, the course code is CS403. In our previous lecture, we concluded our discussion on indexes and then we entered into a very important topic of the databases and that is views. In the previous lecture I tried to explain to you why are views important, why are they useful, why do we use views, briefly views are mainly used to provide a secure and efficient access to the data in the databases. By views we restrict or you can say we facilitate each user group to the data of his or her concern. In this way it helps us to manage the data properly because each user group will be accessing the data from the database through his or her view and by this way the user group or the user will have no concern with any of the data stored in the database. The whole concern of the user group or the people in the user group will be the data that is being provided to them through the view. At the end of the previous lecture, we studied the syntax of the statement to create view. Today we are going to see the examples of the creation of views. So let us start today's lecture. In the previous lecture, we have seen the general statement or the syntax or the format of the create view statement. We are going to start today's lecture by an example of the view and we also see some other examples as well. Well, here is the first statement as you can see we have given a create view and next is the name of the view. You can guess about the naming convention I have adopted here. You can follow this convention or you may devise some of your own or you may follow any convention but anyway what I have adopted here is that first two letter st they are showing the name of the table on which the view is being defined and then the view so that it is clear from the name that this is a view on student. And then I have placed one so that if I have to create multiple views on student then I can place 1, 2, 3, 4 and like that. Another possibility is that you can give some hint of the attributes being used in the view or the particular user group for which the views will be created. Anything any naming convention that is meaningful and convenient to you can adopt that. So, the convention that we have adopted in this course is that first is the name of the table the sort of abbreviation of the table name and then with underscore view and the number. So, this is the naming convention then is as that is required to be there and if you remember that in the syntax we studied that after the name of the view we can give the names of the attributes in the views as I told you that the names that you want to use in the view can be different from the names of the attributes in the table. This is also a sort of help because for in the table you may use the names that are more meaningful or convenient to you and when you are defining the views you can use the names that are more meaningful and convenient to the user who will be using it. If you yourself are using the views for creating let us say the user interfaces and obviously you are the user but if you feel that the view is going to be used by some end user as well then you can name you can use the meaningful name for them as for example see you may have your own naming convention like using abbreviation like that but when you are defining name for someone else maybe it is better that you use a full name rather than using the abbreviation because if you are using some abbreviation and that are not standard maybe the other people who are seeing at that they may be confused. So, well this is the option that you can give the names of the attributes that will be used in the view but they are optional. So, if you do not give the name of the attributes as we are not giving them here then the names of the attributes in the tables they will be used as the names of the attributes in the views okay after the as we have to give the select statement and here you can see that we have given the select st name comma st father name or program name. So, we have given these three attributes from student we have given the student name as well where program name is equal to MCS. Now obviously this is optional if you want to give the condition this is optional if you do not give the condition it means all the rows will be included but if you have given the condition as you have given here and that gives only those rows will be included in the view that fulfill this condition. So, here we have created a view named st view and the definition of the view is okay select student name student father name program name from student where program name is equal to MCS. So, this is your definition of the view okay view can be referred in SQL statements like tables. So, this is the view that you have given in the condition that these three attributes from the student table and those whose program name is MCS are in this. So, you can see that all the records in which MCS is its value program name are in front of you. So, you can see that in the form you used to use the table with the form clause but here you are the view name and it acts exactly the same as it acts in the case of the table name. Another option is with check option. With check option is that when you give a statement that the condition is related to the check option. This means that you have views. You can perform different operations on the views as well. So, as you delete or update your data in your tables, you can do the same thing through views. But there is a certain condition that we will discuss in detail in the future. Anyway, first you have defined a view, you have defined a view in which you said that you have those students whose program name is MCS. You want them to participate in that view. Now, one thing is that because the DBMSS, they allow the update operation through views. You can update your data through views. Now, in this updation, it is also possible that you can update that attribute and change its value in which your view is defined. For example, our last view that was defined on the basis of the program name is equal to MCS. Now, certain rows qualify this condition and they are included in this view. Now, whenever you access data from a table, those rows that fulfill this condition will be selected. If you add more rows in the table, now we are talking about the rows in the table, we will talk about the views later. So, let's say you add other rows as well with the program name MCS. So, after choosing it, when you access the data from the view again, you will see those rows as well. But at this time, we are talking about the check option. It is related to when you are updating the data through view. Operation is allowed with a certain condition. But that updation can also be done on the basis of which, as a view defined example, you change the name of a row in this view. If you change the name of the program in this view, what will happen is that your view is defined that your program is equal to MCS. First of all, you change the name of the program to BCS. First of all, you change the name of the program to BCS. Now, what happened is that the next time you execute this view, you will access the data from here. So, that row, that was a part of this view because the program name was MCS. Now, that row will not be included in the view. Why? Because you have modified the program name from MCS to BCS and now this row has gone out of the domain or range of the view. So, now what will happen is that the next time you will select this view, the row in which you have changed the name of the program, it will not be included in the view. Now, the with check option is that it makes sure that you do not make any change in the data through the view that excludes the membership of a row in the view. You cannot change the name of the program from MCS because if you do something else from MCS, it will happen that the row in which you have changed the name of the program will not be included in the view. If you change the name of the program, that would be allowed. But not the condition, not the value of that attribute that provides the basis for the definition of the view. If you change the name of a student through this view, then that will happen. But if you say the with check option, and after that, if you try to change the program name, then that change will not happen. Whereas, if you do not give the with check option, then in that case, if you change the name of a student whose program name was MCS and our view is defined by the same students who are MCS students, then if you do not give the with check option, then if you change the name of a student's program name from MCS, then it will be allowed. But as a result of that, that row is not the part of this view. So, this is the with check option. This is a good option. So, I have explained it to you. Now, I will show you an example of it. Here, you see, we have defined a view. We have defined another view on the same student table. And the name of this is ST and view2, because view1 was before us, which was MCS students. Here, we are using the same attributes, the same student name, father name, and program name. And this is not necessary that you use the same attributes. It is up to you which attributes are required. The condition given here is that program name is equal to BCS, fine. Then we said with check option. We gave this in the end. This optional thing we did not use previously, because in our ST view1, we did not use it. Now, what we did is when we said select star from ST view, you see here, we have got four records here because we had four people who have a student table. We have got four records in which the program name is MCS, fine. Now, what did you do? You did update ST view1. Now, you are not updating the table. You are updating the data of the table through the view. Now, you see this beauty that if you give this view to the user group, they are using this view just like a normal table. And they are understanding that as we are working on a table, but in reality, this is a view. And it is possible that another view of this table is with another user and they are also dealing with it as they are using a table. But underline is that multiple user groups are working on their own views. It is different that if you see below, the table is getting smaller. Anyway, here we said that update student view1, said program name is equal to BCS where student father name is equal to loving. So, in English we can say loving. So, now you have given a condition that and what you have updated the data in, in your view1, which was defined by the program name MCS. After that, we said select star from ST view1 because you will remember that we had 4 records in ST view1. Now, we have updated one. Now, when we take data from there, now we have got 3 records. Why? Because we have updated a record through the view that have cancelled the membership of one of the row from this particular view. Now, you see, in the table, you can see that it is not visible in this view. Because now the program name of that student, which we have changed, it is not MCS program. That is why it is not in this view. Now, if you see, select star from ST view2 which was defined on the basis of BCS, then you can see 2 records. And if you see one of them, the first record of Suhail Dar, in that, the father name is loving. This record was first in view1 because the program name was MCS. But now it has come in the second view, which was on the basis of BCS. Now, the interesting thing here is that what we defined in student view2, we defined that with check option. This means that when you have given student view2 once, you should not forget it again. Because the view2 is very determined to hold the program name. First, you feel that it was wrong to change the program name. Now, you try to change the name of the program from BCS back to MCS. Let's see what happens. You said update student view2 and you said set program name is equal to MCS where student father name is equal to loving. If you want to change the program name from BCS to MCS, now see, because our view is defined on the basis of program name. If you are changing the program name value, basically we are cancelling the membership of that row. So, be in the error. You will not be allowed to change this data. You must have realized that when I tell you that you can restrict users from changing the program name, then you can restrict the user from changing the program name. This is one way to restrict the user. The user says that you can change the program name from BCS to MCS. Now, if the program name needs to be changed, then yes you can do. There will be no problem directly with the table. Now, see how you have implemented your security. You give access to the user only to these views. And keep the access to the tables to yourself. When you want extra care while making changes in these data, then the access to changing the program name should be given to a senior or more responsible person. Otherwise, the rest of the user groups should be given permission. So, if you want to change the program name, then you can do through the table name. But the access to the table is not given to the user. So, the things that can be changed are the things that you want. The attribute names. As I told you, the attributes that you use in the views can be different. And as I told you, try to make them more useful or more meaningful for the users. For example, as we have created another view on the student, the student says that the view is on the student and the view is on the 3rd. So, it was directly given as clause and then it was written in the statement. What we have done here is that we have given the name of the views in the brackets. For example, what we have given is name. And the table name you had was student father name. And what was the abbreviation? ST for student, F for father and name. If you don't know the user, then for what ease did you name this view as father? Now, when you say father, he will understand that this is his name and this is his father's name. And after that, you have written a student address in the table. I have told him to know that. This is more meaningful. The second thing is that there is no direct access to the attribute names of the tables, underlying tables. In this way, you can keep different names as we have done here. Now, if you first give the statement that select star from student view 3. Now, what you are getting is the same records that are present in the table, in the student table. But see the names or the labels of the attributes. So, here name, father and know. Now, you have made this word meaningful. You can make them different from the actual names. Computed attributes. Another beauty of views is that you can show the user data as per his requirements. When you actually store as per your requirements or as per the efficiency requirement. I told you that efficiency is a high priority and it should be a preference. So, it is possible that in the format in which you feel that this is efficient. And in the format in which you want the user, you feel that it is not efficient. So, this gap can be covered by the views. So, you can store it in your format as per your requirements. But show it and you can use this gap to add something to the computed attributes in the view. So, the user will feel that this data is as such stored. So, you can use the underlying tables to share computed attributes in the views. Let's see how it can be. You can also perform the nesting of views. Nesting of views is that you can create a view on top of another view. This is called nesting of views. The views we have created on the base of tables is that you have got a view, you have defined a view and then create another view on it. So, this is called nesting of views. So, what will happen is that you defined the first view and let's say on the table by applying some condition on the table. Fine. Now, you define another view on this view by applying another condition on this view. Now, if you look at the table, the first view condition will be applied and also of the second view. So, both the conditions will be applied in the second view. Similarly, if you create another view on the second view, on the second view, the third view, then this view and the first view will be applied on the table. And like that. This is called nesting of views. I think you can nesting up to 32 levels on view, view, view and like that. Now, we have created a view here. An enrolment view. That means we created a view on our enrolment table. It is called enrolment view as select star from enrol. We have included all the attributes in it. Now, look at this. You have said here that create view. Now, we have said enrolment view. The second view on enrolment is select student ID, course code, session marks, midterm, session marks plus midterm. Now, look here, we have included a computed attribute. What we want is that the students we have are allocated to different subjects. There are some marks that the student is assigned during the semester. And there are some that at the end of semester when they give final exam, there are marks. We want to see that a student during the semester marks is for that, see, the thing is we have only stored the session marks and the quizzes marks. And the midterm marks are the numbers of the students. We have stored them. But the sum of the two countries is not there in the table. Now, we have defined the view. But in the user group, we want the number of the session marks and their sum. So, you create a view. For example, you have added student ID, course code, session marks, quizzes, midterm marks, and you have also added their sum. And to give it a name, you have used session.  For example, you have explicitly given the names of attributes of the view, after the view name in the bracket. As you have given the expression, that session marks plus midterm marks, you have given the session mark. That works as basically an alias. But it will also be named.  This time, after the form, you haven't given the name of the table. Rather, you are giving the name of the view. Now, what will happen? In this case, you have created a view a little earlier on enrollment. You have defined another view on that view. Now, if you access the data from the second view, then you will get the data in front of you. You have said, look here, student ID is here, course code is here, its session marks, midterm marks, and in the end, you see an attribute, session. And in this, you can see that it is in front of both of them. See the beauty of the idea. Now, the user who has this view, he will understand that the table I have, because user will consider it as a table. He will understand that the student ID is in my table, course code is in the session marks, midterm marks, and the session store is in it. Whereas, if you look practically, the session marks are not a store. But the user will get this view. The user's understanding will give the user this view that this is a store in all the users. So, in this way, as I am telling you, if you manage your data, then you can do it efficiently. As I told you, in most of the applications, you do not only need one table, but you need multiple tables. And again, view is of great help in this situation. Instead of writing that statement for them, or you tell them that statement, you create a view for them. And then, the beautiful thing is that the user will understand that all the data stored in one table is accessible to us. See, practically, what is happening is that it is in multiple tables. Now, both the words are satisfied. The user is satisfied because their requirement is being fulfilled. And they are getting all the required data within the same table, which is basically a view.  Let's see how we access data from multiple tables. View can include data from multiple tables through product or any form of join, generally join. And join, as I told you, the common attribute of the same value that you join every day. Now, let's see that we have created a view which we called create view. And because we are using two tables in this view, that is why we are using st underscore pr student program view as select st name comma st father name in f name And then see, student dot pr name This is called resolving a name, or resolving ambiguity. Why? Because the pr name program name, this attribute is defined as such, I mean with the same name in both the tables, in student as well as in program. So, in this case if you don't give the name of the table before the attribute, dbms may get confused that the program name I have to access from which table to stay? from student or program name. In such a situation, you must include the name of the table as well with the attribute name. And this is the way you give the table name dot the attribute name. After that comma pr credits in student name, in student father name, in program credits there is no confusion. Why? Because these attributes are included only in one table. So, dbms has such a smartness that it can guess, it can know from the attribute name or check the definition of the tables that which table is this attribute. So, with that attribute you do not need to give the name of the table. But obviously in the program name, there is a requirement. From now you are giving two table names program, student or student comma program where student dot pr name program name is equal to program dot program name. You are creating a join on the same value so you are transforming that into a view. Select star from student program view. Now here is the data. If you have given the join statement then you would have to get the data. But the beauty is that now you have combined the data from both tables and you have created a view. Now those user groups who are accessing this view student program view, they feel that we have all these things in one table. Now another example of multiple tables is that when we are accessing data from three different tables. As I told you in the beginning, when you are accessing the data from three different tables for efficiency, you have split the data to multiple tables and also you have established a link between them or the link established at different tables that is based on keys. So keys establishes the link between tables. But the thing is that most of the time users are not interested in keys. They are interested in values like name or titles or address like that. Now these things are lying in different tables. And the link between them is through keys. So in this situation, if you remember our exam system if you remember that we had three things we also had a student, a course and an enrolment. Now obviously what is happening is that the students we have a student table that is storing the data about to students the course we have a table that stores data about different courses. And the enrolment is that it stores which students enrolled in the course and in addition to that which is the performance of a student in a course i.e. its sectional marks, its midterm marks, its final marks its total marks, its gpa etc. all of those are stored in your enrolment table. Now curiously you know that the names of the students the courses that they enrolled in and in these courses you need students performance. Now in the enrolment you have student id, course code and all their performance. But the thing is that the user is not interested in course. The user wants name. This means that you have to base the enrolments and you have to link them with the student and you have to link them with the course. So by doing this enrolment you have to take the name of the student and you have to take the name of the course. And after that the remaining data the sectional marks, midterm marks you will take from the enrolment. And then there is the same thing because a user wants so rather than asking the user to remember this statement because three tables are involved or instead of that you do not want to give the access to the tables practically you do that you define a view. Now this view is gathering data from three different tables but when the view is formed then you are giving the impression to the users that as if all the data is stored in the single same table so let us see how this idea is implemented. Here you are basically seeing the create view statement and again because three tables are involved then you are seeing the name of the attributes and the attributes I have given for a while we have given recommendations for the proper attribute names we are ignoring them so we have given seven attributes names after that we said as select student name comma course name now student name is coming from the student table course name is coming from course table comma, midterm, sectional marks final marks and then we have added that 12 times midterm plus sectional marks comma total marks now we have given names of three tables student, course and role or where student dot student id is equal to enroll dot student id see now on this basis you will get the student name because it is enrolled center so you have taken student id from enroll you have matched it with student table's student id and the record you have matched with student name on the other side you said and course dot course code is equal to enrolled dot course code so the same record you have matched with course code so when you have matched you have picked the course name from there fine as I have told you they must have the name so in the first example we named the computer attribute that was through alias this time we did not give alias but since we have named it from a1 to a7 so the a6 that name will be assigned to this particular attribute midterm plus sectional marks so this is our defined student course and role enrollment view now we said that select star from student course enrollment view 1 now see here you have got the data see it is beautiful how you are giving so much ease to the user underline how big is the query it is running and that query is fetching data from 3 different tables but user is free all that hassle user is getting a beautiful thing that one is getting table user is considering it as a table at that time table all these things are in proper format and here only one thing is proper attribute name for example a1, a2 search may be you can guess but a3, a4 etc this is strongly recommended do not use names like this today if you are sure that you know what are the meaning of these symbols or you want to be confused if you are not confused today after some time you will forget you will get confused and then you will have to consider the definition so it is better to keep their name so I have given you a bad example so you will realize that I am not doing this so here you have defined view fetching data from 3 different tables placing all the things in the required format and when you give this view to the user then it is easy for the user that all the required things are in the required format but the standard line you yourself are handling it as a designer and as a developer updating data this means that updating data through the views as I have told you before that this is allowed but with certain conditions come and see what are the conditions if single table updation is the piece of cake but take care of with check option as I have given you an example when you have a check option you cannot updation based on which a row a membership of a view cancels otherwise if you have only one view defined on the table then you can update the table in the same way you can update data through view we can even insert data but you have to take care of first thing is not through computed attributes obviously if you have an attribute it is computed that is against 2 or 3 attributes or any other variable so if you want to insert data by inserting data the other attributes if you give value through view then the corresponding attribute will go in the same way but computed attribute can be underline 1 or more attributes or if there is one attribute also as an example as you have converted data worth in age when you have multiplied some value because its underline attribute is not name but an expression expression cannot guide you properly if you are giving a computed attribute then where do you have to place it because you cannot enter your computed attribute through view but otherwise you can enter those attributes through the view after that cannot miss not null attributes look when you want to insert a the first thing is that you can refer only those attributes through view refer means you can give value of those attributes by inserting which are included in the view for example as we are defining a view if in any view there is not a table's primary now when you have a view the first thing is the one who has access to the view does not know what is the primary or what is the primary and even if you know if you are retentering through view then you can access only those attributes that are the part of the view definition that means when you are retentering through view then you have to consider that the attributes not null defined in the table they need value because ultimately the row is going to be entered into the table you are entering in the view but you have to enter the data in the table now you have to enter the primary and if your view is not included in the definition do you have three attributes in the view if you give the value of those three attributes and you say insert where is the value of the primary key and if you do not specify the value of some attribute it is assigned a null value and you know that the primary key cannot have null value in this situation when the primary key is not part of the view you cannot retent it not only that first of all in the table there is another attribute that is not included in the view definition so again the same problem will come that if you are retenting the primary key but there is another attribute that is not included you cannot give that attribute because it is not included in the view again that would be a problem so this means that through view you can enter the data yes but you cannot skip any not null attribute the primary key is definitely included there is no other attribute that is not null you cannot ignore that that is one of the multiple tables this means that if your view has been defined on multiple tables like we have just defined on two tables and three tables in that case you can enter the data but during one statement or through one insert statement only in one table there is no similarity so let us do the FRS if you have a view where there are two tables in one table in two tables not in case of aggregate functions if your view contains some aggregate function there is an aggregate function so if you know that aggregate function it provides it performs some aggregate function it provides some function on a collection of rows on the attributes of a number of rows now there is an attribute averagecgpa averagecgpa is an aggregate function and it is included in the view the view is being seen as a single attribute the underline is an aggregate function now if you try to enter a value in this attribute there is an average function which can be applied on 10, 15, 20, 100, 100, 100, 100 rows and you get one value obviously you cannot enter the value you cannot insert the record in case of the aggregate function as well here I am showing you some examples in which way you can enter data through the view now this definition which we have seen before is created view select in this I have included the STID because STID is the primary key and without including the primary key into the view you cannot enter data through the view so this time STID is included name, father name, program name from students where we have given this and then we have seen that insert into ST view 1 this time we are entering through the view values because we have given all attributes so we have given straight away values then we have given the student ID S1042 Ahmed Ali Ali Hussein father name and BCS program name so we have given the attribute value now look at this if you look at the last record then you can see the attribute which you are seeing last video 9th record is S1040 this is what we have given then we have said that Ahmed Ali student name Ali Hussein father name now address because we did not include in the view we cannot enter the value even if we like because that is not the part of the view so there is null similarly because student phone is also not the part of the view that is why it is also null program name that is BCS we entered now one thing you might think that why we have a value 1 in the current semester see as per rule because current semester is not the part of the view definition so that we cannot give the value so from where it came default value you will remember that when we defined the student table then we declared the default value of the current semester as 1 and because the data that we are entering through the view is going ultimately into the table that is why we specified 4 values through the view but when they reach to the table these 4 values there at their place but the current semester it automatically got the 1 because 1 was defined as the default value for the current semester that is why we are saying 1 there now in this what I am going to show you is that we defined this view again and we defined it with the Altar view you can modify the view through the Altar view and then you can define it again and you can change it for example the previous view we defined but this time with check option fine what we defined was that program name is equal to MCS this is the part of the definition and also said with check option now the same record another record we are going to enter what is happening this time we gave a new house ID we gave a student name but the program name was BCS mind it what was the condition MCS with check option that is what is the program name now what will happen it is not being taught but the red line that red line always means danger this means there is error that the DVMS did not allow you to enter this early because you have placed with check option when you have done with check option you will change anything you will insert it you will delete it because of which any row membership is affected or it is not being formed then you will not be allowed Dear students our interesting discussion is going on views we have seen our discussion is going on dynamic views which we call virtual tables we have seen how we can define views on single tables we can define views on multiple tables we can even update the data through the views and even we can insert the new records through the view as well so I hope the benefit of views you must be understanding when you will practice create views through astral and do different operations then this concept will be clear apart from this the online help of SQL Server there is a lot of information about views read from there as much as you practice it will be clear practice makes even A students perfect thank you, Allah Hafiz


Hello, everyone. This is Stilio. Today, I'm going to talk about large precision homomorphic sign evaluation using few TFUG bootstrapping. It's a joint work with Daniela Michantro and Yuri Podekoff. So first, some background information. In this paper, we use functional or programmable bootstrapping. What that means is that basically, we can evaluate an arbitrary mega-cyclic function basically for free, while also performing some bootstrapping over L2B psychedelics. This is first introduced in DM-15. And it has two constraints. The first one is that it requires an exactly function. Exactly basically means that for some input x and zq, you need to satisfy that f of x equals to negative of f of x plus q over 2. You can see this is a relatively strong restriction. And the second restriction is that we can only evaluate functions for messages up to k bits of precision, and usually ks equal to 5 or 6. Basically, the runtime is exponential in the number of bits. So for more than 5 or 6 bits, the runtime will be relatively impractical. And there are two bootstrapping methods discussed in the paper. The first one is few, introduced in DM-15. It can efficiently support arbitrary secrets. But the bootstrapping key size is relatively large. And the second method is TFUG. It's introduced in CGGI-16. And it provides better runtime performance with more secrets like binary alternative and the bootstrapping key size is much smaller. Please see Mp21 for detailed comparison and see this new paper for a third method. This comes after our paper is published, so it's not included in the paper. In this paper, we use functional bootstrapping as a black box. So any of these methods will work for us. And the main result of this work is that we added some new powerful tools to the TFUG, a few schemes. And the mentors are the following. The first one is large precision comparisons. And why comparison first? Because comparisons are widely used in ML, vaccine inference, or DPP training, and data science. And comparisons are also considered hard to be used via homomorphic encryption. As you know, the current runtime is exponential with the number of bits. And we want to make the runtime linear scale. And the second tool we provide is the large precision arbitrary function evaluation. Now it only supports necocyclic function and supports only small precision. We have implemented our schemes and the implementation is open sourced and open FUG and passive libraries. Let me conclude this abstract talk by describe our very high level idea. And our first observation is that the comparison is equivalent to a sine evaluation. So to compare A and B, we just need to find the sine of A minus B. And the sine evaluation is equivalent to computing the most significant bits and the computing the MSB is the central part of UQP2. To evaluate it for large precision, our method is to remove the large number stitches gradually. For example, we have this 18 bits. We first remove the last six bits and then remove the central six bits, the middle six bits. And then when we have only six bits left, we can use a few extra bits to directly extract the most significant bit. However, directly remove these bits by things like emotional switching is not acceptable because they will introduce some errors to know what is exactly the technique we used and you should use it in the paper. Please come to the full talk. It will be on Tuesday, December 6th, 525 and it will be GMT plus eight time zone. Thank you for listening.


So I have the pleasure of introducing our first in-person speaker, Dr. Emma Haywood is a lecturer in journalism, politics, and communications. She researches the impact of radio on women's empowerment in conflict-affected areas. Haywood is currently working on a two-year British Academy-funded project investigating local radio involvement in NGO activities in conflict-sensitive areas using the West Bank as a case study. Her research has investigated European representations of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from 2006 to 2008. She has also examined Russian, French, UK, and Palestinian audience perceptions of the coverage of the Gaza War in 2014. Her book, European Foreign Conflict Reporting, a comparative analysis of public news providers, is published by Routledge. Please help me welcome to the stage Dr. Emma Haywood. So follow that. Or half the world's global population are online. Internet use is up throughout the world. In Africa, for example, there are over 20% more internet users this year than there were last year. Mobile phone use is huge and growing. There are over half the global population access their internet using their mobile devices. There are over 2 billion social media accounts. Your average internet user spends over four hours a day online. Well, these figures are all very well. But what about the individual? What about the individual who has no access to the internet? I want you to imagine, just for a minute, being one of those people who has got no access to electricity. You can't charge your mobile. You can't understand the information on the screen in front of you, either because it's not in your local language or because you simply can't read. You have no money. You've been displaced. You can't afford a television. And actually having a computer is beyond your wildest dreams, even if you could read. So I'm talking about marginalised vulnerable groups, groups which are vulnerable to extremist recruitment, groups which are vulnerable to the effects of extremism, where infrastructure has been destroyed, if it was there to start with. And I'm talking about the radio. This is where the radio, that traditional medium, comes in. Well, the radio is that simple box in your kitchen, in your phone, on your mobile, which most of us in this room take for granted. Most of us in this room actually aren't really all that aware how much we use it on a daily basis. And yet for some, it's a lifeline. For some, it's the only source of information they have. But the radio doesn't get the information that it deserves. Social media gets all the attention. Social media is better. Social media will use up the radio. But radio is cheap. It's easy to use. It only requires batteries to run. You can use it via your mobile. And even if you haven't got a source of electricity, the chances are you can charge up your mobile at a charging bank at your local market. I didn't realise the impact of radio until I started researching it in detail in my work in Gaza, in the West Bank, and now in a large project in Africa. I see how it brings communities together, how it informs people, and how it unites people and brings people together.  You have no job. And you're seeking someone to blame. You're seeking a way out. And your local community radio station is being paid by extremists to broadcast their message. And this local community station is trying to recruit you as a fighter. This recruitment process is ongoing. And yet, you listen to the radio. You listen to the top-down messages which are being pushed out to you. There's no other source of information. There's no other source of entertainment. But surely, if radio can be used to broadcast propaganda alongside social media and so on, it can also be used to broadcast counter-propaganda messages or alternative messages, messages which can be refined to target specific audiences like you. In your language, in a language you understand, in a style you understand, on a subject you can relate to, with people present that you can relate to. You can even ring in. You can have your say. You can debate a subject with community leaders, with religious leaders. And suddenly, you're contributing to your community. You're contributing to society with your participation. You're no longer just receiving messages. You're crafting them. You are now part of the solution. So let's take Ali, for example, or Ali Meister, as he prefers to be known. He's well known in his community in Difa, in Niger. And he's well known because he's often on the large commercial radio station which broadcasts from his town. He's well known for being on the radio, for talking about his experiences with extremist groups who have tried to recruit him as a fighter. He now uses the radio to broadcast counter-propaganda messages. He goes out into the community to talk to groups of young people, to the youth groups, and bring them all together. No other medium would allow him or enable him, quite so easily, to be a presenter, to convey a message to the local community. To go out and record a programme on location and to raise a positive profile to local youth. So what are we saying? Are we saying that radio can actually change people's lives? Can it actually have an impact on people? Well, let's have a look at children. As a result of the Boko Haram insurgency, as you know, hundreds of thousands of children left without schooling. But not only were they left without education, but they were displaced. But there was no possibility of building new schools for them or training new teachers for them to be taught. So had nothing been done, there would have been a whole generation of uneducated youth who had been sitting targets as Boko Haram recruits. So one solution was to educate these children over the radio. A simple solution, easy to implement, and one which can cover large areas. And it could be done so without major construction costs and without teacher training costs. It could also be implemented very quickly. So this is a project that was run by the American University of Nigeria and USAID. And they used radio and mobile technology to raise the appeal of Western education. This project taught basic English literacy and numeracy. And it used songs and radio dramas in the local language using characters that little children could relate to. And they were also synchronized... There we go. They were also synchronized activity workbooks. And they encouraged children to engage with the songs and the stories that they were listening to. And so radio was used to encourage children to imagine, to learn and to engage. But these programs, these lessons, more importantly were broadcast by a relatively new radio station, Dandalkura, which broadcast in the Lake Chad area, where, as we were hearing before, Boko Haram had a monopoly to spread its extremist narrative. There was little competition for credible information. And yet this is a gap that's now been filled by this radio station. This education program was broadcast over 18 months and over 20,000 children who otherwise would not have been reached have now received basic education. And this is through the radio. The project was so popular and successful that it was continued for a further six months by another local radio station after the initial funding had run out. So how else can radio impact people's lives? How else has it been used in this fight against extremism? Well, simply by providing information by news programs, people can receive an alternative message that it enables them to question messages that they previously had been receiving. Give audiences programs and then bring on experts to debate that subject, to debate the subject. So I'm currently working on a large project with Studio Kalanga, which is a radio station, which a radio studio, run by the Swiss-based media development organization Von Das Yacht-Yekandel. And it is using this approach to broadcast independent information programs over, it broadcasts from the capital of Niger using satellite and then it broadcasts them to its network of community and commercial radio stations who then rebroadcast them using FM networks. So it then brings on experts, moderate religious leaders, community leaders, people in positions of trust who can be believable to discuss this, to debate the subject. So what is important, though, is that these programs are broadcast multiple times in multiple languages throughout the country, which means that these alternative messages can reach the population. What's more, we're using the prevailing radio culture to take this further. The culture of listening clubs is widespread in many, many countries. And this is, they enable the ordinary person to take part in public life. People will sit around an ordinary radio set outside their houses in the streets and wherever they drink tea and they discuss the radio program. They discuss it together. It's a socializing medium. And if it is used, and if radio is used and used well to broadcast positive messages, if it is targeted correctly in the correct language to the correct people, it can make a difference. It can have a ripple effect. In Niger, for example, which is affected by the conflict which is spilling over its borders, Studio Kalangu and my own project were trying to contribute to empowering women. It recognizes not only the gender inequality of this poverty struck country, but it also recognizes that women play an essential role as policy shapers, educators, community builders, activists and so on. And it's an important role, not just in developing the country but in fighting extremism as well. Because it's widely accepted that the capacity of women to sport and react to extremism in their families ranges greatly depending on levels of education, social awareness and geographic remoteness. Those who don't have as much formal education struggle to recognize warning signs. They may perceive changes in their children as simply them becoming more religious and this may be considered a good change. So an obvious solution is to make and keep women informed and listening groups are an ideal solution for this. So this isn't quite so easy when women aren't allowed to come to mix listening groups for the very reason that they're mixed. So what we did over the summer was set up a network of women's only listening groups in using community radio. So community radio would broadcast independent information and then women come to these women's only associations in their hundreds and receive information, discuss information about warning signs but also other things like health, education and so on. And they pass on this information and the ripple effect continues. And then the community builds get stronger and the resilience to extremism is built. So the methods and the techniques of using the radio continue. So radio has a role, an important role and one which isn't going to go away just because of the growth in the internet. There's a picture of my women's only listening group. But in short, we need to ensure that radio and particularly community radio can thrive and can continue to push out these alternative messages to all forms, to all affected groups and these are alternative messages to extremist ones. So radio may be a traditional medium but it's a socializing one, it's sociable and it can bring people together and can do so in a positive manner. So radio is not past its prime. It must be used and it mustn't be disregarded. Thank you.


Why does this look so sketchy? Like that looks so weird, but what's up everybody I'm Erika Jeff. It's behind the camera and today I'm gonna try a chain pull. I know it's like an old thing, but It's also under with chameleons and made it look like coral with acrylic and now I'm like I don't know if I can do that, but I'm gonna attempt to do that so To do this, I'm using some pigments from one of our viewers in cats or cat design And I'm super excited. This one's name is Nila bug Well, I guess I should put resin in my cups Does this look dirty? I'm not sure 100% how much was not in need for each of these, but we're just gonna wing it. Okay, la la bug So this looks a lot like Dalmatian obsession But it's not However, I've used cats colors before and she's Got some awesome colors. You obviously can't tell chameleon just like that You got to wait till it's on a base and I've been informed from in cats that you don't need a lot So I'm just gonna put a Little bit in there Ultimately with chameleons you get a better color flop payoff when You can see the black a little bit and you don't overload your colors I think this is a pink and green flip Which I don't know that I've ever seen a pink green flip Sweet off to a good start the next one is Nila bug first one is la la bug This one is Nila bug It appears to be a violet interference, but it is a chameleon So obviously the main color is gonna be violet But I don't know what color it flops to we're about to find out you seem to melt into resin pretty well This is a blue I think a blue-purple kind of a little bit We're getting a light it may be purple green or purple blue Party light Was okay from Indirect it may work really good Maybe purple green The next one we're going to mix up is Rafi bug we got a lot of bugs Anytime I open a powder out of a jar I tap the lid because I don't want it all up in the face I have about How much is a Dixie cup three ounces? So I have about an ounce of resin maybe a little bit more at each one of the cups This seems to be a red purple This is a gold. Why don't you see the gold till I looked in the camera? the next one is Spring bug Spring bugs the main color I think is blue, but could be violet You can see that Kind of yeah, I think the main colors blue look the same. I think this one may be my favorite one Just looking at it in the light. And so the last one is a Katzen bug And it's the only one of the one she sent me that is like an orange base Other ones are like white base This looks like a gold green, but Who knows It is a gold Right first things first I'm doing a black background and I'm doing black because I want the black to create kind of a shadow in My chain poles. I'm hoping it doesn't muddy my colors White possible or maybe even probable that it will and if that's the case I will just add more colorant and just make my Chameleons more opaque even though I wonder if that will Make them less Chameleon e color changing. I don't know. We'll do the test so you don't have to so So there Let's switch. Hope you guys have had an awesome week We certainly have Let's just put that in the wrong Resin have you guys ever done that? It can't be the only one Okie-dokie Got to get this show on the rope. It's gonna look awesome.  It is true Black is not an interference. It's not a shimmer. It's not a sparkle. It's not a metallic.  I'm using old Marguerite grass beads Can break those You can break those. I'm gonna cut this one standard Chain into three. I'm not hitting anything with heat right now because It is my opinion thesis Thought process that the thinner your resin is the more likely it is you're gonna get mud So it probably even would be beneficial to let Your everything set up a bit set up a bit So that it's thicker and less fluid the more fluid it is in my opinion in my head The least likely this is to work, but that's what we're here for us to figure it out, right? So putting this green thing in here made it look green does it look green to you? I don't know if it what if everything in here started green But now it reads it green. Okay So I'm gonna try to do the coral thing. I'm gonna turn this light out. I think it's just You can see the reflection It may be working if those like Little It's gonna get here here. It's gonna get here You're gonna put that in there and all that paint all that black resin's gonna get in your cup I'm just gonna get some new ones I don't know which one that was that I just put down I should have read the names on the cups Oh, if it's better to have a lot of paint on there or not You know what? I think I need like just a cup of alcohol to top my goes Pretty nice looking chameleon if I do say so myself I'm gonna have a steak in this. I'm just lady trying to read these Do this next one My head is still gonna look amazing. It's working For the most part so far I'm quite sure if I like double dipped some of these chains It would give me an issue, right? Think I don't know. I don't know. Do it. Do a negative do a negative part like run the chain like just on the outside of these Okay, look how that picture was. Let me do this one real quick. Okay. So you want me to? Yeah, do like a just kind of run it just don't touch them but just kind of run it Let's do one right here to where you can get a couple different little Okay, flares well, so I think my chain needs to be a longer I guess when people do this with acrylics, they can just wipe it off. You don't have to worry about Paint transfers or it's easier to wipe it off. I don't know if I should have put those so close together Let's call it. They're quite similar I need to get a bigger Dick It's crazy how you can Move around it and it all just changes colors Can't help but love chameleons They're stinking beads And just a little bit of time in that alcohol has made these beads silver so Just the wipe them because it's gonna that's gonna get in your resin I fully just took all the green off And for my next trick Silver Okay, be you wanted me to follow this line and go that way. Yeah does not how it looked Yeah, she had it like But they were all they were like touching. I know but she was doing that on the inside of them Oh They have to go the same way But so what you're saying And how she was doing it was going like on the inside of this And he had way more control Well, the beads are probably a little or two Should I try it with one of your little t-tiny chains? I don't think it would only it would work with this resin being so thin Yeah, I don't think so either The only thing about these kind of I should have wrote down the color it was because I wouldn't have put them I would have interchanged them a little bit, you know But it's okay. I'll just put one that reads more purple over the top of one of them I don't think the color is coming off onto the board and if it did you wouldn't be able to see it because it's It's probably translucent Remember this is black resin down here You gotta say it's 45 people in here and only 21 thumbs up come on You guys can do better than that It's friday You know, do you want to We're gonna go see my parents tomorrow And would you talk kansas G nails good day mate Good day That's the same color as that one I need to really study how like the direction of hold them to get them to do what I want them to look like Also that green fully came off into that color Cold in Tasmania Somebody is from Tasmania That's so cool You guys when I move this camera, does it look glitchy? On my end it looks glitchy That's so weird. I don't know I don't know what the deal is blurry I fully thought that was gonna be one of the green ones before I laid that down Finally not all beads are making you christy because this is still That's weird. I don't even know if this one That's green.  This one's purple Yeah, the the paint is coming off into the resin 50 people in Welcome everybody I'm jeff. This is erica We are artists of death if you're new welcome welcome welcome um, and if you're new Um, or a long time follower Please let us know where you're, uh watching from And uh How is your friday so far? I wish the edges were more scalloped, but The inside texture seems to be staying pretty well Gorgeous this this would be perfect for my granddaughter's room Well, you can buy this one or I will help you to make your own Here or you So this essentially is going to be layer one and then we're going to paint over it. Maybe some fish Ohio Hill country, texas Amsterdam, what? Is this one really? It's purple I'm gonna do this one for down at the bottom Brisbane Joella I'm watching from arizona I used to live in arizona I'm trying to scrape off as much black resin as I can black butterfly designs From new york. Thank you You tall? Subchain Subchain I heard subchain Well in-cats isn't in here today, but i'm gonna have to tell her that her pigments are pretty exciting I if she was here, I'd be able to tell you where to get them from but she comes in southern, ohio welcome florida Like once a week Which one was purple? I think this one the green Yeah, I think you're right It's hard to say because colors keep switching and I got green dye in some of these because cheap party beads Western australia Emma If we did another australian tour would you guys come to it? I know we need to get Just resin on that Okay, okay. The tip was wiggling too fast. I wanted one more little It looks great. I wish I thought more about This I was just so ready to get one down and see if it worked that I didn't think about The flow of the outer edge This one, okay, I think it's like this color. Yeah, right here. Oh, it's already there. You already got it on that side So then do this bluish color Which one is on Maybe this one I don't know. What about that gold? Oh, you already used the gold That one I think is the first one Oh, I think this one's the purple Put it where it's gonna go Where do you want me? Yeah, just kind of line it up and then pull it so it goes into that And then all this will be connected Okay, can you say that again? I wasn't looking Put it right here. We did that line do like a loop Mm-hmm And then just pull it so it all kind of connects I'm trying to also run off some of The resin because I'm noticing if I don't do this then the edge isn't scalloped. It's more blobby Technical term in nail said I would love to meet you guys I definitely come You would be surprised how much Erica and I are alike. We have the same dog You have pom pom, baby Just pull out and then maybe try to pull it back this way. Okay, I gotcha.  Which one was the one that Isn't there a blue? I just did the blue one. You just did the blue Let me put some of that purple in the gold That the this one is this color Yeah, I don't have it down there. I don't think This isn't crazy on your brain The one that is showing green resin because the green came off of my beads stinking beads That's supposed to look Red is actually white and the interference that I'm seeing on it Just on the beads is purple, but when it's down it looks red So You're starting I just want to add something here That is the same color, but that looks good though That looks real good So I would do I would do one more Like Lip it and then drag it right there All right, there's probably no way to go back in and do one like No Okay, so then for here This turned out way better than I thought it would do that purple over here Okay, so that's this can I see the color check when I do this? Kind of so which one of these is your favorite of the chameleons tell me what color it is Or what color you see that it is You want me to go weird? Above it below it Yeah, just it's just there's just a big gap right there. So yeah Yeah, put one. Yeah, there you go That looked nice. Yeah, perfect I can't wait to finish up this piece and put like Little fishy fish I'm super pumped. Okay. Now I have to hit it with just a wee bit of heat Are these interference pigments? Are these interference? Yeah, somebody just hopped on. No, these ones are actually chameleon and the differences Yeah, I wouldn't hit too much because that'll So the difference is with an interference We're talking about A color that shines a different color. So all the interferences that I was using for my opal onyx They didn't change color. They were a white powder that Once the light hits it in a certain direction showed purple Gold green blue or red, right? And so you can add those to other colors And have a solid color with this color interference. For example ATV fireball is a red pace with a gold interference So it shows red and when the light hits it, you're going to see a gold shine What a chameleon is is it will change colors completely. You won't see a color that also shows another color You will see a color and then a fully different color So that's why you're seeing on this one when you walk around. It's just all the light It fully changes color. Hold on y'all. I'm gonna try to clean this I feel like it's just dirty or something. I don't know. Maybe it's just all the light I hope that didn't just sound like rambling and that made some kind of sense. It wouldn't have looked like this really without The black background. I'm gonna say tell your cat I said She was just walking back there. I'm not gonna do too much torching I don't want it to move and the more you torch The more fluid your resin will be and the more things are gonna move. So I'm going to Yeah, I would just Set it and forget it I'm gonna try to put some resin on outside You can spray paint that black Put it in the refrigerator Excuse me, what? Evelyn so I might just stop she's right there. I have to get to the dust free zone See you tg What do you guys think of this? I made these yesterday I wanted it to look like A shadow Was behind the neon. Would you guys want to uh Want to see a video of how I did this or actually do it I did that with spray paint I'm gonna do a bigger one so I can do a little bit more detail Make the actual neon a little bit more defined instead of just glowing I think you're the fun Most of the edges are covered when we spray paint it. It's gonna be shiny edges For here Did they say which color they like the best? Thanks y'all They like all the color The special thanks to mcats for sending me these awesome chameleons to test out for you guys Next time she hops into live feed. I will make sure to Ask her where you guys can get these from we carry chameleons Um, I think some of these colors I don't have but Bowie We still haven't hooked this camera up yet y'all I haven't got a cord for it, but I don't know how to set this up So a nice little stove coat corner Mike's piece up there Well, I need the dust That corner's getting dusty y'all. I know that wasn't the longest live, but How many of you guys at home are gonna give that a shot? That was fun So we're going to my parents tomorrow Um Maybe we'll do a live from there. Who knows? So yeah, I think that's it You done babe? She's done I'm gonna cook some dinner Have a drink on a Friday night. You guys, um Thank you for showing up. Thanks for always showing up We wouldn't Definitely wouldn't be here without y'all So, um, I have an awesome rest of your Friday and uh the starting of your saturday if you're across the pond In the future, uh in the future Uh, you guys are awesome Be kind to one another because you never know what somebody's going through And always remember this one mainly does the tests You guys have an awesome night. We'll see you later. Bye. I said bye


He's even on this is recording No, no, just wait for a minute and then scamper off Yeah, can't even celebrate I Fisty cops Langman, yes Do I stop pedaling or keep pedaling? I really enjoyed that. I can't wait just to come out. My mum's going to be so proud. Chance, mate. Not at all. Well, I... No, I'm not really. Thank you, you know, I'm disappointed in myself. Sorry about that, man. Big man, yo. That's a good looking order. I'd love to believe it. There's another type of sauce. Do that all right, yeah? More expensive than pizza. Speak Spanish, man. Speak Spanish. You're nervous. Man, I'm nervous. I have sports fans. It's because it says sports fans, then live sports. That's, like, messing me up. What? I think I'd be quite good at it, you know. I could have had a shave up before, you know what I'm saying? Just lower the mic. Oh, my God, man.  That ends our date on my Instagram. I just don't get no breaks. It shows the celebration for the second one again. Who's that best off? John Cena. Why? Follows me on Twitter. Come on. Just sit up. This is the best movie department I've ever seen in my life. Use the beat of staying alive or baby shark. No, negative. Intensity, high tempo on the ball quick, you know, and obviously we've been showing that thing in the last few games. I was on the toilet and I just got stuck. I couldn't stand up, so I've ended up having to fall off the toilet and then, like, crawl back into my bed. Why are you not confident? And he's even worse. I'm no good, me, this one. It's quite complicated, but it's okay. We're doing pretty well. So what has he just said? He just said it's been tough. He's enjoyed it. And... I hope that's not a call. Gets everyone, dude. The best play you've played against. It's come to mind, like, two or three, that you're struggling to pick between. Who's the best player to see you playing against? Yeah, that's a good shot. That's cool. Oh, I played against Man City. What am I talking about? I completely forgot about that. You can ask me that, yeah? I forgot about Man City. I completely forgot about that.  I completely forgot about that. That's what I was thinking about. The best play you've played against? Kevin De Bruyne. Nice. I bet he'll be gone. Anyone for some more soft change? That was so close, you know. That was, like, the one. What's that you're holding there? That is the man over the match. Hold it a bit higher. Come on! Pleased with that? Well, I wasn't. Who is your non-footballing childhood hero? Noddy. Nice, yeah, I love that. Your favourite kind of potato? Curly. Here's the Spanish slash French slash Cameroonian lizard. Tell them what that is. Grand Prix time, let's go. Turn around and look at this door that gets sent off.  Get on him. More one. I'm on the other, but I'll kick him in with a stand. Harry, that was flippy. Yeah, they're looking at that. They've got a beard. It's a good show. Have you had the cookie from it? No, I haven't. I'm waiting for it. That could be number one, sir. Nothing cheered me up more than watching young, his misses kissing someone else on stage. It was perfect, brilliant. Leave that in. Jesus Christ, son. Young, his misses, this window's for you. It's for you and me. Easty stepping up here. He's been very confident all morning. Got the driver out as well. Not sure about his long socks. Ten lines for fun. Good swing though. Children's clubs today for Easty. Or Matt's a lost ball. That is a lost ball. You don't like seeing that. We let them have a mulligan on that one. See how fine I had to run for that. I was gooseed. Stop videoing, Matt. That's a wrap. Goodbye. Thank you.


And so basically, what Robert's talking about is him having a very severe illness where he's working with doctors around the world and they don't know what's wrong with him. And as a believer, he's praying and praying and praying and not understanding why he's not getting better. And what happens is God brings him into a vision that was using you to heal all of these other people. But in reality, what God's showing him is that he is using us to answer the prayers of people outside of us. But the way I see it is every single time I pray, whether it's for me or for someone else, God is answering that prayer. You know, you're helping others win these battles that they might not be able to fight for themselves.


Well, today I've gotten you covered because I'm back for my winter break with an all-new 2024 edition of the Sunday Morning View Queue where I answer all the best viewer questions. Happy Sunday Birdwatchers! It's Robin with Creativity RV and if you saw the final video I did in 2023, you know that I asked you guys for all of your top questions for this View Queue and you really came through so much in fact that I'm going to split this View Queue into two segments. Today I'm going to talk about everything practical like internet and mail and the cat and hooking up and solar but if you haven't subscribed already please do and remember to hit the little bell to get notifications because one month from today the next View Queue is going to talk about everything emotional like missing family on the road and how you stay connected and fear and dealing with negativity about RV life and the big one, loneliness. So look out for that one month from today but right now I'm going to get right into your best questions. I couldn't believe how many questions I got about my new kitten Bailey. So look out for an entire video just dedicated to that but for now I'll answer a couple that I got like this one from Susan Shearer who is one of my patrons she asked us on Patreon. Just curious why didn't you get an older cat and I said because I'm dumb. Now I got Bailey on Craigslist I tried to get a kitten out of rescue and it just didn't work out over and over.  How? It's tougher than I remember dealing with a kitten he has a lot of energy and this is a small space which leads me to the next question which is by Laura May I believe. Please tell us everything about Bailey in the spring Q&A video. How's he taken to life on the road? Does he get the zoomies and how does that work in the little airstream? Now I had never heard the expression zoomies before I can only imagine that's when the kitten runs back and forth and back and forth through this tiny airstream what she does he has a lot of energy but I've done a couple of things in here that make that work I've gotten him a bunch of toys including this blue gizmo that is a USB rechargeable that he plays with for hours and hours I will put the link for that down below in my Amazon store for those of you that are cat people it has been a game changer. The other thing I did was I got one of those perches that usually go in a window I was able to stick it to the side of my airstream and he absolutely lives up there. Now I'll tell you that a godsend for me is that Bailey fetches I did not teach him how to do it he just does it naturally so for hours he'll have me throw a ball or a balled-up receipt which is his favorite off of the bed down below I'll even do it in the middle of the night with my eyes closed when he has a bunch of energy I was worried in the beginning how he was going to take to road life the first time I took him to the vet in a brand new carrier he puked and had diarrhea all over it and destroyed it and I thought oh god he gets car sick he's not gonna be good the secret to getting through that was that I got a carrier that is shaped like a backpack but it's all mesh and I did a ton of research to find just the right one of course I'll put this on the list also the difference with this one is that he can see out all the sides I know first trip you can be okay yeah just gave him a snack that didn't help but I think he's gonna be okay I'll take a couple hours all right settle in babe here we go I've been with him in the snow in the rain in the desert in the forest at his first truck stop at his first cracker barrel and he is loving every minute of it yeah this is a small space and I know some people get concerned about how that affects a cat but I think that he's got so much to look at and so many things to smell and see that he's actually more engaged with his life than a cat that's stuck in a house the next question is one I get all the time because I'm the author of the book work from home while you roam the ultimate guide to jobs that can be done from anywhere which includes hundreds of real jobs with links to apply for all kinds of people now for the 2024 edition which is out now I included a whole new chapter called quick cash I did a video about this at the end of last year if you want to go back and check that out I will link it up here but in that chapter I talked all about making quick cash in your spare time doing micro tasks and user testing and market research things like that now let me read you the question and I'll explain what I'm doing to help you guys on that Glinda said I've tried making money doing online surveys but my demographic must not be desirable because they continually reject me any suggestions yes now for everybody else you are chosen for these surveys or tasks whatever based on your demographic and sometimes people go in and they try and get one of these gigs and they're rejected and they go well this is not for me or they get one and it pays $5 and they say it's not worth it we are very lucky you guys because in the next week or two look out because I have an expert in this that I am interviewing now she has a system that I have mentioned before to be successful in this but she's going to show us the system with screenshots look out for that video but for now I will tell you yes absolutely you can make money don't just apply for one and give up because they do work the next question is about hooking up alone this is by my patron Mary my question how do you back up by yourself to hitch up and park your trailer do you use a backup camera I'm alone and that's my most stressful challenge when I was first going on the road I went to an RV show with my parents and my dad said why don't you get one of those little trailers you can pull it and the detachment will have a car and I said no no no I was absolutely terrified by the idea so I got a B plus van and then when that didn't work out because of electrical and flood issues I got a class C and then the walls came apart and then I got a fifth wheel and I had to learn how to pull that now I went out to the desert there's a video on this and unhooked and re-hooked and changed the hype and backed up by myself in the desert over and over and over until it was comfortable and of course as soon as I was I got rid of that and got a trek camper but I remember I was out at a campground once and I saw a woman hooking up an air stream so I went over and watched her and even then it looked so complicated listen it's not you can do it if I can do it you can do it you can see me here I back up my Jeep using a backup camera what I found was hard in the beginning was seen where the hitch was because it's all black back there but now I'm a pro at it I can put my hitch ball right underneath the hitch a game changer for me was getting an electric hitch instead of one that I had to grind and it just goes down on the ball the thing snaps over I'm done because I'm by myself I do have to go back and forth and back and forth and look at it more than other people deal figure out I can use the exercise the thing I really struggled with was the order in which I should do things like when I unhook when do I do the chains when do I do the legs when do I put the wheel chocks down once I got all of that I found it was really no big deal at all now I hook up in probably 10 15 minutes and get down the road and unhooked even faster it's easy once you get these things down it's a piece of cake and you can do it the next question is another one I get all the time it's about internet Katie said I work fully remote but I need to do a lot of uploading editing and work online I'm gonna fast forward she says how reliable do you think Starlink would be as you might know I have Starlink I also have an AT&T unlimited router on a Nighthawk this is it and I have unlimited Verizon on my phone so I have three different types of internet that I can get on the road I do that because my work requires it when I was first out here and I did not have good internet I struggled in my life was miserable now because I work remotely this is infrastructure cost for my job I'm gonna tell you how much I pay and what I think of each service quickly and I'm sure some people are gonna be aghast at what I pay but look I don't have housing cost this is the cost that I incur to be able to work remotely on the road because like you I do a lot of uploading the Starlink is 150 bucks a month my AT&T is a hundred and it's unlimited I'll tell you in a second how I got that and then of course I pay like a hundred bucks for my phone service now Starlink is hands down the best it's the fastest unless you're in a place where there's going to be trees or big rocks or the weather is bad it is a pain in the pitook to carry around it's huge you know and when I put it up it takes a few minutes and it takes a ton of power so if you're going to be boondocking just keep in mind you're gonna have to be doing all of your uploading during the day while the Sun is out and your solar is working if I'm out in the middle of nowhere like a desert Starlink is the best I prefer this in most places 85% of places I go this AT&T unlimited router works just fine for all my uploading and if I don't have to take out the Starlink that's a win I pay for both because I have to have a signal I mentioned this in a video and I did a whole video for my patrons on how I got this because it doesn't apply to everybody but I'll tell you really quickly I did not get this through AT&T regular I got this through AT&T business now if you get any money on a 1099 like from those micro tasks for example you can say you are a business you can be a regular person with a social security number and be a sober prior it's okay they will still call you a business you have to be called a business by AT&T business before you can apply for the router they included the Nighthawk in my plan there was a special when I did it if I signed up for two years which I did and so the service itself a hundred bucks a month in most places it's just fine for all my uploading and it's easy it's a USB rechargeable then I have a rise in which I really never use but if I needed to I get 15 gigs of a hot spot when you guys get unlimited internet on your phones just know that is not unlimited on anything else but your phone so if you need to do something on your computer you might be able to use your phone as a hotspot but it's going to be limited and if you get more than what they give you it's really expensive or heinously slow I get this question all the time too now I've done videos on it in the past and I've also addressed it in my book be a nomad change your life but here's the question how do you get your mail when you're traveling some people get medication regularly through the mail how would you do that well my people jumped on there of course and gave a bunch of good answers like Cecilia says there are several like America's mailbox and escapees those are two that are great now if you have a family member at your domicile or residence address they can get your mail like I do and tell you about it that's great if you don't these services if you want them to they will open it and scan it and send you what's inside it just depends on what kind of a plan you get now America's mailbox and escapees are the two that are best known there are little mom-and-pop places that do the same like pop-ups and court side and that kind of thing here's what you have to know when you go to register your car or get a driver's license that kind of thing or even order Amazon they will not accept a PO box it has to look like a street address or it won't work when you're on the road you have to choose a state for your domicile resident address some people love to go to South Dakota for example because there's not taxes and you can register your RV there just know and I address this in the book too that states are clamping down on that and they're going to look at where you have property or where you get income so for taxes just be careful about that for mail America's mailbox and escapees give you an address that you can use to get your driver's license your registration your proof of insurance jury duty all that stuff they take care of it so if you want to service like that you can pay them and they will do it now let me talk to you about Amazon a lot of you like to shop on Amazon and are familiar with Amazon lockers a lot of people I know Google Amazon locker near me I used to do that I don't do that anymore because you're missing half the locations now if you do that let me give you an example recently I was in Joshua tree to do a meet-up with my patrons oh my god you guys everything went totally wrong because of the weather to that video I think is coming out next week so check that out but I had to get some parts for some things that broken here while I was down there I had to get that part from Amazon in Amazon this is how you do it you go like you're going to check out and then you say change address you scroll all the way to the bottom and then you say find pickup location near me if you do that you'll get the Amazon lockers and something called Amazon counter I think I've got a screenshot of it here so there are businesses now that will hold packages for you in my case in Joshua tree I went to a shoe store you can see it here just don't like a weird little random shoe store that held my packages for me if you go up to the counter you're going to show them a little code on your phone from Amazon once it's delivered they give you the code they see it and they give you the packages and it's free now I'm sure a lot of people down below will also say that you can have mail sent to a local post office where you are but heads up on that Amazon will not send it to the post office some things from Amazon go through UPS and some things go through UPS it depends on what it is sometimes you order stuff and they will sit it right back so I don't recommend the post office at all for Amazon but if you need to get a package from somewhere else or you just need to get a piece of mail yes you can have that sent to the local post office but you have to make sure that it's the hub that does that if you're in a small town there's only one post office Bob's your uncle but if you're in a bigger town where there's four or five different branches if it's sent to the wrong one they'll return it oh my gosh finally you can see why I had to put this into two videos here's the last question from dad is my bag she said where is solar going seems like it's moving away from installed setups to portable battery units and any ideas on increasing usage of fresh gray and blackwater tanks question number two was so good I'm doing an entire video on it now when I started on the road I did a video called the ABCs of power always been charging because I did not have enough power and every little device that I had I had to charge all the time I couldn't do anything at night in the morning I would pray for the Sun to come up so I could have some solar everything has changed since then now with these power boxes which I'm gonna tell you about in a second and also solar because solar's gotten less expensive and now you can also have lithium batteries now I have two lithium batteries in the air stream lithium is more efficient than lead acid you can run them all the way down and not destroy them but they are expensive on the other hand they weigh less and you don't have to add water to them like some batteries with my lithium batteries I have 90 watts of solar on the roof which is all that will fit on this air stream but I have some external panels I 400 watts that are plugged in right now while we're talking to an external port that I had put in when I had the solar installed so that's how I charge my batteries when I'm boondocking but I also always have my jackery charged now when people say a power box this is what they mean other people call it a portable generator this is my jackery I think this is a oh 500 okay so they come in different sizes 100 250 little babies of 500 a thousand 1500 it's like the Goldilocks of power now in a nutshell here's what these boxes do they store power and then it's available to you to use when you need it there is eco flow blue eddy you know all kinds of other vendors that do these they're getting less expensive especially all bunch that are coming from China now I've had a bunch sent to me over the years and some of them are not good a few of them didn't work over and over jackery to me is the best one I have a link down below for you to get a discount on jackery if you look below the comments or in the description they are my favorite so I have the solar going but at night when the sun is gone you will see your power tank so everything I do at night I run off this power box my TV my computer whatever now I am seeing a lot of people especially van livers that are not getting solar anymore because they could be stealthier without it and they will have a big like 1500 watt power box that they charge while they're driving that they can use inside for almost anything a 1500 watt will run your microwave your blow dryer whatever else you might need and the other day I saw one where a van company was charging the onboard power box with an electric car charger now I've never seen that anywhere else but I hope that's where we're going with that being said it just depends on your needs for me as a boondocker I need the solar and I need the lithium and I keep my power box as a backup if I were on the move all the time and I didn't need that much power I would probably just go with a power box if you guys have a question that you want to ask for the view queue after that please do put it down in the comments below I'll see you guys all next week with a video called BLM nightmare you wouldn't believe what happened until then everybody out there have happy travels and be free


Nigeria is the world's ninth-largest producer of crude oil, yet its official oil refining capacity is practically non-existent. But in the oil reach nine to delta, an informal artisanal refining industry thrives. Artisanal refineries are small makeshift sites where used in a low-tech process called cooking, crude oil is turned into products such as diesel, kerosene and gasoline. The refineries are run like cottage industries, operating steadily below the radar of law. They siphon of crude oil from pipelines and contribute to the country's staggering levels of oil theft. It is estimated that 5-20% of oil produced in Nigeria is stolen every year. In early 2020, official crude production was around 2 million barrels per day, that translates into a loss of some 3 billion British pounds. Most of those investing in artisanal sites, properly called camps, break even within 2-3 weeks. Depending on the market price, they can earn 10 times over their initial investment. The Nigerian government is well aware of these activities and has frequently tried to enforce policies to stop them. It has sent in the military and conducted offensives to break up the camps. The country's stage-run oil company has tried to implement surveillance operations along oil pipelines in the region, and civil society organizations have long-run campaigns to discourage the practice. The cost of this effort to the government has been enormous, yet none of the attempts have managed to suppress the industry or the corruption associated with it. Even today, when oil demand has sunk to historic lows, somehow, these refining sites keep popping up. Why has this been so difficult to stop? Research by the SOAS Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme, an SDN suggests this is largely because of the number of people who benefit from the refineries. Of course, this includes those who are directly involved, such as refinery owners and walkers. But the refineries also benefit others, such as members of the country's security services, and local politicians too stand to gain. Refinery proceeds are sometimes used to finance political campaigns. But there is an even more important reason why these sites are so difficult to shut down. And that is because the local communities among most of them have an interest to keep them going. Why would they want supposedly criminal activities in their midst? The answer is tied up with the inequitable distribution of wealth and resources from Nigeria's oil. The Niger Delta is one of the most impoverished regions in the country. The official unemployment rate here stands at roughly 40%. This is despite the Delta being host to the nation's oil and gas industry. Not only have the oil reserves done very little for local communities, traditional livelihoods have been severely affected by the damage from oil spills to soil and water quality. This local code refining is helping people light their homes in absence of electricity from the government. But now, the artisanary refining sites provide opportunities for work where otherwise they will be very little. First, they are the jobs that are directly associated with how petroleum products are cooked and supplied. These include workers managing the sites and their supervisors and those involved in selling and distribution. The refineries often employ well qualified young men. Some of them have levels of education that will allow them to become engineers, mechanics or to work in local retail. But because there are no other options, they have chosen to work here. It helps that the pay is higher than in competing jobs. As a starting point, a camp worker can earn more than 200,000 Nigerian Naira per month. Much more than other local jobs such as subsistence farming and fishing. In fact, 200,000 Naira is six times more than the national minimum wage and it is about the same salary as a lieutenant in the Navy. More senior staff, camp owners and others in the value chain can earn substantially more. But there are also many secondary jobs that are created by the refineries. An even better explanation for community support. Where jobs are scarce, these opportunities are anything but secondary. And there is gainful employment for women, like when they set up hotels to house workers or provide catering services to the camps. There are even informal surveillance jobs carried out by members of the community where they gather intelligence for security forces in the region. And that is not all the community gets. The refineries provide fuel for electricity, which in Nigeria is always in short supply. And while the government is taking steps to address the situation, it is not likely to be resolved in the short to medium term. The country has one of the highest levels of self-generated electricity in the developing world. Most Nigerian consumers have to make arrangements for their own electricity supply, electricity produced by small generators and inverters. And the estuarine regions of the Delta are particularly badly affected by this scarcity and unreliability. The diesel manufactured at a tizano refining site finds a ready market as locals buy to fire their generators. With the use of the Niger Delta, especially those who are involved in tizano refining to see how we can get a better life for them and to tell the federal government to give them modular refinery, which is what they are promised the use of the region. Because the federal government is trying to say youths should stop out of tizano refining if they stop what we do eat. It is not hard to see why rule breaking is so entrenched in the communities that surround tizano sites and why the activities are so hard to stop. But the refineries also have severe negative spiel over effect for the environment and for community members' health. The sites immediate surroundings become extremely polluted. This leads to health issues such as pollution related skin conditions, cancers and premature steel birds. Yet, most communities want to keep these refineries running. To them, the benefits seem to outweigh the costs. With this evidence, it is clear that more military action or further criminalization will not help solve the issue of tizano refining. Yet, something does need to be done urgently. The health and environment effects are real and the right to decent work is fundamental. So what can be done? The first critical issue is to address the impact of health by providing basic health care. Helping communities deal with their health problems will be one way of reassuring them that their grievances matter. The right step in strengthening state-citizen relations. The second strategy is directly compete with tizano jobs and provide remunerative alternative employment. One idea is to formalize part of this industry and use the skills and capacities so far created within a new formal structure, which will use more sophisticated and less polluting technology. While somewhat controversial, even the federal government is thinking along these lines. So if it's possible for the government to make it official, we are much more ready. So what we need is just a license. Go ahead. We can even partner with foreigners and make it official and then get more employment for our youths. The third strategy is to provide non-polluting solar power for electricity provision. This would give communities alternatives to buying fuel from the sites while easing the impact on the environment. A combination of these three strategies could then be used to form that all-important coalition of actors who no longer see it in their interest to be corrupt.


Hello, and welcome to this STLink v3 debugger and programmer video. Thanks to STLink v3 set, you can seamlessly debug or program STM8 and STM32 targets in various ways.  You can easily debug and program your target using IAR Embedded Workbench IDE. STLink v3 will be automatically recognized. You should select it as a debugger, if not already done. You can easily debug and flash your target using Arm Keel MDK IDE. STLink v3 will be automatically recognized. You should select it as a debugger, if not already done. You can simply connect to your target using STM32 cube programmer utility. Thanks to this software tool, you can access information about your target, read and write target memories, modify options bits, and flash your application. The STLink v3 set is a modular tool. You can connect add-on boards to add new features. As an example, you can plug an adapter board bringing I2C, SPI, UART, JTAG and SWIM interfaces. Using the previously shown setup, you can connect and flash a target through SPI bus using SPI bootloader. You can find more details in the STLink v3 set user manual. For further details, check online at www.st.com-stlink-v3set. Thanks for watching this video.