hey everyone welcome back to another undead world hero survival video today's video we're going to be featuring pvp hero must haves okay you hear me right it's going to be pvp hero must haves before you confuse yourself so let's start off with um looking at um our heroes here so we're gonna start from the from the top okay just a little bit of a disclaimer um this pvp pvp suggestions are going to be ranked um i'm going to suggest three per faction uh i'm going to start with a third best for pvp second best and first best for pvp okay so i'm not saying that some of these if they're not included in the top three per faction that they're not good but again these are going to be your star players for pvp okay so let's start off with uh coligium and um for third you're gonna go with connor okay the reason why connor is going to be third on coligium because there are a lot of other options for your um tank and connor is is going to be your all-around defender very tanky high attack high hp um gonna gonna be very good all-around defender so nothing he actually fits on the average and you know the average are going to above average in terms of if i'm on the scale him but there are other important um what they call this heroes in coligium for pvp so we're in terms of second we're gonna go with henry okay take note that henry is a specialist he is a melee type hero and he specializes in attacking the lowest hp foe in range if he is fast deals high damage specialist specializes in taking out weaker opponents and you know dealing as quick damage as possible he actually needs to be supported in terms of um terms of um survivability during pvp matches but again he deals a lot of damage that is why he is in number two for coligium so for number one for coligium we're gonna go with meredith of course meredith um is going to be one of your supports which um again it's very very valuable to the team in terms of how she impacts all of your members survivability wise as you can see here for all allies defense then um cc resistance oh sorry she also provides um her support a potion then she provides a shield okay so um plus 20 defense instead of shield she gives a shield as well so that is why meredith is actually one of your stars if you bring coligium in your pvp lineup so next is going to be uh blue banshees so for blue banshees number three on pvp is going to be tyler tyler on his healing alone is actually going to be very tough to deal with um damage good damage as well um but again tyler doesn't give you much aside from survivability in probably a pseudo tank so that is why he is at number three for pvp four uh blue banshees number two for the blue banshees is going to be meredith okay a lot of you guys are going to be killing me if i don't put him at number one but again he's going to be at number two um this is the reason why he's number two because again the first the first person the first hero is actually better all around okay so while murray specializes some could argue he could be at number one but again murray specializes in taking out a lot of one-on-ones high damage single target and also a lot of uh what do you call this a lot of um uh defensive spells or defensive skills like um this one the the mines and this one the the traps they are actually put right there where your melee usually you know dukes it out so again murray can be number one um but the first the first hero is going to be overall be felt because of what she does okay so what i meant with the first for for blue banshees is going to be lita lita again i have a lot of lineups i've used with lita she really makes everybody excel not just herself she makes our range heroes good she makes melee heroes good she makes aoe heroes good because of the buff she gives so as you can see here uh where's the buff so this one is going to be crucial i already have her at level three increase ally boost to plus 450 attack that's actually incredible and it translates to all of your heroes she's very good in terms of buffs and here she also buffs all eyes twice to block one instance of incoming damage so again buffs protection she's very all around and she affects a lot in your team i tell you she's going to be your MVP for your blue banshees so next is going to be your sugar reapers for sugar reapers number three is going to be nadim number three only because um aside from his healing he also gives out candy which uh which is going to be poisonous for the opponents his healing is actually very it's not that high i notice that it doesn't heal that much it's a small trickle um of healing that is why he is at number three for pvp uh number two for sugar reapers is going to be kiran kiran um is going to be good uh he's going to be a range unit um this is going to be actually one of his strong suit minus 40 accuracy to all enemies and it's a miss okay so that's minus 40 that's very big uh and also passive bleed for kiran i tell you kiran is going to be very good in pvp um tried bringing him um i unfortunately i don't have him geared up well but again he's going to be one of your best guys for sugar reapers for pvp and your number one for pvp is going to be abigael for sugar reapers just to clarify it okay abigael two in one you have a defender you have an attacker tons of damage tons of survivability um so far one of the best defenders that we have in the game and um tons of damage guys shock for enemies um additional attack overload recent attack power you know she deals a lot of damage and is very survivable so that is why she is going to be number one for your sugar reapers for pvp next is going to be your hive so for hive number three is gonna go to tanya tanya if she is only that tough at um her position in melee would go higher but again for me she she her vision is i think not enough to keep her alive it's um she actually performs best if um if uh who is this if astra is actually within the team she's gonna be very good in pvp i've used her i'll show you the lineup later that i've been using in pvp to test her out um and but without astra she's going to be she's going to be lesser of a survivor for melee you are second in your uh what do you call this in your uh hive is going to be webster webster uh simple as that sniper very long range um high damage as well that is why he's usually the last to be touched the back so as long as you build him with high damage he's going to be a supplement damage or your main damage dealer you just have to keep people away from him so he's very squishy by the way but again if you improve increase attack speed he can deal a lot of damage man so uh have him keep on firing and the last and the first is going to be gabriel gabriel for me is going to be your specialist um for what do you call this for for pvp for hive again when um he actually leans toward your weakest enemy and really goes for it breaks formation to rush distant enemies for 250 attack power i've discovered actually a it's trick where in if the tank is in front and he rushes through it and he dies and if you have astra to resurrect him usually when he dies the tank that is in front of him goes after your other you know your other heroes at the back so what he does is once he resurrects he goes after all of all of the rest at the back i saw it and i usually i actually i did it earlier so again he is a rush unit um with a good support um my support that i used for him is going to be astra it's going to be beta as well and he is going to be very good so he is our number one for hive for pvp okay the rest you know are going to be good so you have here helen of course helen um very good attacker and also little support she is going to be very ruthless in terms of if you build a team that resurrects i'm gonna show you guys later what my team is what what team and i'm mentioning um next is going to be astra astra again with the resurrection with the debops that he has is going to be valuable in any pvp team so um just have to make sure that the two other heroes that he resurrects complements him as well okay so let's go to the uh the the formation that i used for pvp uh recently the new team that i have let us just select one i'm i don't think i'll be playing this one or i will i okay so this is the team that i've been playing for quite a while so you have here um you have your helen you have astra you have leta and you have uh both uh gabriel and tanya on the front so again very very heavy on the damage assault team and resurrect team so let's try this out i think i have one one battle in my belt so again try to take note once they die because once they they are actually past jones after they die they're gonna go after the back line so right now jones is actually handling them well once they resurrect once they resurrect they're going to be a handful so again leta and astra there is going it's going to be your support um leta with buffs astra with with resurrection and there you go so you have three heroes going after your enemies with resurrection so i'm gonna try to build them more i'm gonna build them up more and see if um let's try another opponent okay so this one you have also one one defender and let's see let's see let's see for this one so again as you can see gabriel is actually at the back already while the two of them are keeping keeping i think it's corner busy so again as he dies he's gonna resurrect and you have tanya you have again the resurrection is very very good because it gets you past the first defense then once they go forward you move towards the end so even though how tough the defense is usually they get fooled you can actually bypass them so that is actually my feature you know my feature team for pvp here's my other pvp team this one is more oriented on defense defense defensive weathering the storm again you also have you also have their astra and leta so they are going to be your main support for pvp so again guys so hopefully i've helped you with this video in you know in terms of mixing mixing and matching with your pvp teams and for those who have stuck this far um i hope you subscribe because uh this really you know helps my channel a lot and also don't forget to click that bell icon and also don't forget to put a like to this video thank you guys take care stay safe this is the warden and i'm out of here


Welcome to this video course on rocket and space craft propulsion. Now, in this course rockets space craft propulsion. So, as you can see from the name we are going to talk about two type of propulsion here. First is a rocket propulsion and then space craft propulsion which also include rocket propulsion, but something additional like electric propulsion systems. Although I think the electric propulsion systems can also be considered as rocket in the broader definition of rocket propulsion, but since those are for very specific deep space applications therefore, we can club them the separate group as space craft propulsion. So, in this course we are going to talk about various aspects of propulsion involving extreme speeds and very large distances that is where rocket and space craft propulsion are used. So, before we progress first let us talk about what are we going to discuss today. First let us just talk about the basics of propulsion what is propulsion. After that I will give the detail outline of this course content what are we going to talk about in this course and then after that we are going to talk about the history of rocket propulsion. So, the first topic is essentially little introduction of propulsion essentially I am going to talk about what propulsion means. Then the course outline this will also include the text books that we are going to follow in this course and then little history of rocket propulsion. So, in today's lecture we are going to cover this three. Now first let us see what is propulsion. Before we talk about propulsion let us first talk about what is flying. Flight is the process by which an object moves either through air in within the atmosphere or even beyond earth atmosphere essentially where you are not on the ground and you are moving that is what flight is. Now in order to do that you have to generate some lift so that it can be lifted away from the ground. So, the flight involves generation of lift and then if you are moving particularly through atmosphere there will be frictional forces which will try to slow you down. Now in order to compensate for this slowing down you need to have some propulsive device which will provide the propulsive force or forward force which will allow you to keep up float. Therefore, the propulsive thrust is essentially a very important part of flying. Now this propulsive thrust can be generated aerostatically like in balloons using buoyancy or by simple ballistic movement or by powered flight or powered generation. So, first once we talk about what is flying next let us look at the various types of flight that are possible. First is buoyant flight where typically we use lighter than air concept so that because of the buoyancy forces the vehicle goes upward and then the wind will just blow it in the direction it is going. Second is gliding which also does not require any power essentially it is just aerodynamics and the wind motion that propels the vehicle. So, beyond this now when we come to the other type of flights they are essentially powered flight. So, powered flight is the third category particularly in this context I am talking about powered flights as vehicular flight like aircraft or helicopter flying with an engine that is what a powered flight is. Another category is ballistic flight where you provide a very high initial velocity to a vehicle or an object and because of its inherent inertia or moment it just propels through the atmosphere. So, that is ballistic flight and then another category is space flight where typically we do not have atmosphere. So, in that case if the initial velocity is high in the absence of atmosphere we do not have much of drag. Therefore, we do not need much of propulsive force only thing is that light small amount of propulsive force is required to compensate for gravitational pulls etcetera or for some maneuvering. But essentially it is primarily given in a ballistic mode when they were put in the orbit or in outer space if they are delivered with a very high velocity the velocity kinds of remain constant because the retardation is less. So, in this course we are going to talk about this powered flight and space flight primarily as well as ballistic because ballistic is very important as when we talk about space flight because many times we do not need to have continuous power provided to the vehicle we can provide initial power reach a velocity and then cut it off and the because the ballistic itself it will it will move typically like missiles. If you are talking about ballistic missiles they are not powered all through their flight envelope only for a portion of flight envelope whereas, there are cruise missiles which are typically powered all through the flight envelope. So, depending on the mission requirement whether you can operate in a ballistic mode or in a cruise mode. So, when we talk about then flight what are the relevant forces we are looking at first and foremost is the propulsive thrust I have put it at the top because that is the focus of this course. Propulsive thrust is essentially except gliders or balloons we are going to have we are going to need propulsive thrust to generate enough velocity. So, that we can fly now propulsive thrust is another important aspect also that is the generation of lift lift is primarily generated by the flow of air over the wing or the body, but in order to produce that force lifting force you need to move there at a very high relatively high speed. Now if you have to start from 0 in order to move the air you cannot move the air. So, what you do is you move the vehicle now in order to move the vehicle at relatively high speed you need to have propulsive thrust. So, that it can move the vehicle propelling it in the forward direction therefore, the lift is also somewhat generated by the propulsive thrust that we are producing or providing to the vehicle drag on the other hand is something that is trying to retard it. Now drag is like the lift lift as you are already aerospace engineers you know that the lift is proportional to velocity square typically lift is given by half rho v square s c l whereas, rho is the density v is the velocity of the vehicle s is the plan form area and c l is the lift coefficient. So, as we can see the lift is proportional to velocity square similarly the drag is given by half rho v square s c d.  So, in both of them what we see is lift is proportional to velocity square drag is proportional to velocity square. Now for applications that we are we talk about in aerospace engineering lift is something that is good we want to produce lift whereas, drag is something that is bad we want to reduce drag because it is going to retard your vehicle, but both of them are dependent on v square. So, if we increase the speed lift increases, but drag will also increase. So, there is a cash identity situation what we want to optimize. So, typically for the vehicle designers we want to optimize the l by d ratio lift to drag ratio we want to optimize, but that is beside the point that is not part of this course. Let us come back to this course. So, here primarily what we are generating high velocity and that is done by using the propulsive thrust. So, propulsive thrust is a force that is created that will propel the vehicle at a high speed. Now in order to. So, therefore, the other forces now let us look at the other forces that are acting on the vehicle as I said is the lift then drag then the weight of the vehicle which acts downward and for lighter than air flights the buoyancy which also acts upward. So, these forces must be balanced in order to get a stable flight. So, as we are discussing there are typically the forces acting on the vehicle are the lift forces and drag forces which are aerodynamic forces depends on the vehicle design and the speed, the weight due to gravity acting downward and the propulsive thrust which essentially is produced by the engine. So, in order for the for a stable flight in order to have a stable flight all these forces must be balanced. So, if we draw a diagram of free body diagram of a vehicle we will have lift acting upward generated by the aerodynamics, the weight acting downward that if the flight direction is this the drag will be acting in this direction try to slow it down and the propulsive thrust let us say T is acting in this direction. So, now all these forces must be balanced for a stable flight. So, out of these three as I have said that lift and drag are dependent on aerodynamics, weight is dependent on the weight of the vehicle is essentially the total mass and size etcetera thrust is something that is produced by the engine. So, this is something that is essentially what is in your control we put it this way for the vehicle designers or the engine manufacturers control. So, therefore, this is something that is manipulated to maneuver the vehicle particularly in the forward direction. So, this is where the propulsion comes in. So, now let us see what is propulsion. So, propulsion is originates from a Greek word called propely which essentially means to move a propely is the word which essentially means to move and pro is forward. So, essentially propulsion means forward movement or forward push. So, propulsion is something that gives a forward push. So, the classic example let us look at a bicycle. If you are riding a bicycle the rider essentially propels himself or herself against the frictional forces that try to slow down that is the hydrodynamic drag that is try to slow down and this drag acts on the body of the cyclist as well as on the bike. Now, when the biker is paddling the paddling provides enough force or in this case the torque to rotate the wheels so that one can move forward. So, here the propulsive force is coming from the biker himself or herself. So, but what the action essentially is propulsion. From the very early human history we have seen birds flying and we thought that we should also be able to fly. So, there have been numerous attempt in flying using different devices. If you go to mythology there are even in mythology the concept of flight is present, but the problem was again coming back to this diagram the thrust that will allow us to generate enough velocity so that we can produce the lift. The we lacked the propulsive devices to provide enough thrust to overcome the drag forces. So, that we can not only move forward, but also can lift. So, that was the missing piece otherwise we were looking at the birds we kind of figured out that we need a wing to fly etcetera, but we did not have the force the propulsive force. So, if you look at the first invention of human beings essentially there are two inventions which differentiated human beings from animals. One was fire otherwise other was wheel and the combination of this two is propulsion. If you look at the invention of wheel in the antiquity till the modern supersonic fighters and rockets we have come a long way and essentially the development of human beings are because of these two inventions. So, that we can move faster without expanding lot of energy. So, this is the crux of human development. Therefore, propulsion essentially takes inspiration from the basic need of human development. So, before we progress further let us look at the mythology where propulsion comes into picture. Every mythology talks about flying if you look at the antique mythology every mythology talks about flying in some way or other. If I look at Indian mythology let us say there is the corner picture here this is Bhimana Indian mythology in Ramayana you have heard of Pushpagh Bhimana. This is Bhimana's were conceptualized long time back vehicle to fly. In Egyptian mythology we have this one is a Egyptian picture where you can see a wheel horse and sun represents the fire. So, combination of wheel and fire is something that allows you to move faster that is there in Egyptian mythology. Chinese mythology flying dragons are very frequently depicted in Chinese mythology where again there is a fire breathing with wings dragons are firing breathing in animals with wings. So, once again now we see wings and fire coming in then if you look at Greek mythology the Pegasus that is the flying horse is a winged horse. So, again wing comes in repeatedly. So, what we see that similarly in Jewish mythology typically various types of flying devices like flying chariots and flying thrones etcetera have been depicted. If I look at the commonality between this all the concepts what we see is wing, fire, wheel these are the three things that keep on coming again and again. So, therefore, essentially flight is dependent on these three. In fact, without wheel is very difficult to have flight particularly atmospheric flight because otherwise it has to be like a sledge. So, wheel provides you the initial platform to start moving at the high speed and then wing and fire will provide the final propulsive forces. So, therefore, the combination of these three essentially constitutes propulsion. So, now the next thing at what I am going to talk about is the history of aviation, but before that as I have said at the beginning let us talk about what we are going to cover in this course. So, first we will talk about principles of rocket propulsion. Here we will essentially as in the previous discussion we discussed that one of the most important component of flight is thrust. So, in this topic we are going to talk about how thrust is created and we will get the thrust equation. So, we will define thrust and see how it is created and we will define other parameters which are used in rocket propulsion like specific impulse, then efficiencies etcetera. So, we will define various parameters performance indices that are used in rocket propulsion. After this next we will talk about the launch vehicle dynamics. So, in the first topic we talk about thrust specific impulse etcetera we see how thrust is generated. Next thing what we talk about let us say we have generated some thrust immaterial how we have generated we have generated some we have a vehicle which produces some lift some drag etcetera. Now, in the under the action of this thrust how the vehicle is. So, essentially for a given mission requirement are we the thrust that we are providing is it sufficient to successfully complete the mission that is going to be the focus of this. So, launch vehicle dynamics first will be range, then vertical velocity, then multi staging or multi stage rockets, then we are going to talk about orbits and space flight. So, these are the topics that we will be covering in the launch vehicle dynamics. We talk about the range of the vehicle, then how far and how long can it fly, then how do we increase the range or the height by doing multi staging, what is the optimum configuration for a multi stage rocket and then orbits and space flight this essentially space dynamics. Once we are done with this, then next topic will be how do we produce this thrust. In the second topic we are not saying how the thrust is produced in the first topic we are saying that thrust is produced by some means, but this is essentially a reaction to particular action. So, the third topic we will talk is essentially focus on chemical rockets and we will see how thrust is produced in chemical rockets. So, the third is chemical rockets. So, in this first we will talk about performance of ideal rocket engine, then we will talk about combustion in rocket motors. We will discuss little bit about different type of propellants that are used that is solid propellant and liquid propellant. Now, one of the subclass of liquid propellant is cryogenic propellant, which essentially are the propellants which are in the atmospheric pressure and temperature are in gaseous state, but under very high pressure and low temperature they are in liquid state. So, these are called cryogenic fuels or cryogenic liquids which we will be discussing as well. Now, the in this topic we essentially talk about production of high pressure and temperature using some chemical means, but that is not enough. The high pressure and temperature gaseous which are produced in a chemical rocket needs to be expanded through a nozzle as we go along we will see different components. So, one of the major component of a rocket is a nozzle. The high pressure high temperature gaseous needs to be expanded through a nozzle to produce the final thrust. Therefore, we will talk about nozzles as well, which is a very important topic as far as rocket proportion is concerned. We will talk about the types of nozzles, we will talk about nozzle design, because we can have a very good rocket in combustor, but if your rocket nozzle is not a good design, we will not be able to produce enough thrust if there are lot of losses in the nozzle. We will not be able to produce enough thrust to fly a vehicle. Actually what I am going to discuss today in the history, we will see that one of the major invention which allowed rocket flight was the nozzle design. So, therefore nozzle is a very important component of rocket proportion. After this then we go to non chemical rockets or non chemical space vehicles, where we talk about electric propulsion. So, we will dedicate few lectures to electric propulsion systems. We will talk about various type of electric thrusters, we will talk about electromagnetic thrusters, then we will talk about plasma thrusters and finally, we will also talk about applications of electric propulsion. Essentially we will discuss some missions which have already taken place involving electric propulsion systems. I like to point out here is that most of the deep space missions involves some kind of electric propulsion system, because they are very very efficient in the deep space. So, this is what we are going to talk about in this course. Now, let us next talk about the text books that we are going to follow for this course. So, the books which can be text as well as references. First and foremost there is a very good book on mechanics and thermodynamics of propulsion by Heel and Peterson. And the second again a classic book rocket propulsion elements by Shartan and Rose. And then rocket and spacecraft propulsion by Turner propulsion techniques to Chie. This books primarily talks about electric propulsion systems. These are the four books we are going to follow. Apart from that as we go along you will see that we will require long of thermodynamics, lot of gas dynamics and little bit of combustion for this course. So, there can be some additional reading on this topics. First of all the most widely used topic in this course will be gas dynamics or compressible flow gas dynamics to be more precise compressible flows. So, the additional reading will be modern compressible flow by John D. Anderson. Then little bit of combustion. So, principles of combustion by Kenneth Kuo and any thermodynamics book will do advance thermodynamics book. So, I am just listing one of the books which is by Black and Hartley. So, these are going to be the text books that we will be following in this course. So far what we have done is we have talked about little bit of mythology, little bit of basics of what is propulsion. And now I have listed the course content for this course. Let us now as promised proceed with the history of propulsion. So, first before we talk about history of propulsion we need to know history of aviation that is flying. The first man made flying objects were essentially kites which were flown about 400 BC. As you can see here, Architeus who was a Greek philosopher and mathematician, he designed and built a bird ship, apparently a steam power small model named the pigeon is said to have flown about 200 meters that was done in 400 BC long time back. Then kites were approximately in 2000 about 2800 years ago kites were invented in China. And it is said that is typically it is invented in 5th century BC by Chinese philosophers Mozi and Luban. And by 549 AD paper kites were flown all around China and they were used for various applications. In fact, since then there were tight flying competitions as well. So, first paper kites were used to send messages or for rescue missions and Chinese have been very enterprising in various use of flying vehicles as you can see later even they invented the first rockets. So, in ancient and medieval Chinese sources they list the use of kites for various applications like measuring distances, testing the wind speed, lifting man in certain cases, providing signals for armies and all and communications for military applications. So, as you can see kites were used for various applications over the years. The practical uses essentially were military applications, science and meteorology. Then nowadays even presently kites are used as radio antennas or radio aerials, they are used as light bacons and sometimes for power generation as well. And I hope that all of you know the famous story of Benjamin Franklin how he invented electricity flying kite. So, essentially you can see that even electricity was produced by a flying vehicle for the first time. So, the first flying I would say man made thing was kite. Then the next thing was balloons. These balloons essentially were first invented as decorative items. They were called Kongming lanterns, again they were invented by Chinese and they were known in China from ancient times. This invention is usually attributed to general Zhuagliang in about 200 AD. And he said to have used this lanterns at night to scare enemy troops, because in the darkness of night what he used to do is used to put small lamps in these balloons and send them upward and the enemy soldiers will see that flying lights and they used to get scared. They thought they were dragons actually, they used to get scared. So, essentially the first use of balloons again were military use to scare the enemy soldiers. And later on initially those balloons were made of paper. Later on there have been very massive development in balloon technology as well. Again balloons are being used now for about 2000 years now even today balloons are used. And in the first half of 20th century balloons were actually the mode of transatlantic transport. Big huge balloons were created for flying from going from say Europe to America. Then there were Heidelberg disaster. After that the balloon flight was stopped saying that this is not very safe. But they have been used still being used for various applications like for advertisement, for recording, for weather measurements, weather predictions etc. Balloons are very much in use still today. Then the history of flight is incomplete without talking about this man Leonardo da Vinci. Now he essentially wrote a manuscript called Codex on the Flight of Birds. Here what he did was examined the flight behavior of various type of birds and then proposed mechanisms for flight by using machines mimicking the birds. So, da Vinci for the first time noted that the center of gravity of a flying bird does not coincide with the center of pressure. What does it mean? If your center of pressure and center of gravity are not at the same location, you will have a moment. So, essentially he was the first one to propose that there will be a moment. Now if you can design the moment properly, you can have a pitch up moment, then you do not go down. You have a nose up motion. So, inherently it will be more stable. So, therefore he was the first one to identify that center of pressure is a very important location as far as aerodynamics is concerned. Then he sketched plans for several flying machines including a helicopter which is you can see here. This is a helicopter model and this is a modern helicopter as you can see he has proposed the rotors also. So, first helicopter was proposed by Leonardo da Vinci in 16th century. He also proposed a hand glider as you can see here in this figure this is a hand glider. Even the present hand gliders are not much different from what da Vinci has proposed. So, hand glider and helicopter were proposed by Leonardo da Vinci. Now, first powered flight. Now we are talking about just general history of aviation. So, first powered flight as you all know was by Wright brothers or Will and Wilbur Wright. And it was in December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk in North Carolina USA. The first heavier than air human flight was successfully achieved in the Wright flyer. The picture of that you can see here and they used a piston propeller engine. A big piston engine as you can see this is the engine that they used with a big propeller. They used the piston propeller engine to provide the thrust to fly their vehicle. And in the two years afterward they developed their flying machine into the first practical fish wing aircraft. So, the first practical aircraft was also developed by Wright brothers. Although they were not the first to build and flight experimental aircraft that has been happening before that also. But they were the first to invent aircraft control systems and without the control systems these vehicles were not flight worthy. They were not stable. So, people have flown unstable flights were possible even before that, but first stable sustained flight was made possible because of the control system that was developed by Wright brothers. So, therefore, we essentially call them the father of flight. Now, so this has been the general discussion on flight. Let us now come to the specific for this course which is rockets. What is a rocket? The name rocket comes from the Italian word Rosetta which means little fuse. This is the name of a small firecracker created by Italian artificer Muratorin in 1379. Essentially it was a firecracker which used to move. So, that is what rocket is. So, if we look at the definition of rocket what is a rocket? A missile is a rocket a spacecraft aircraft or other vehicle which obtains thrust from a rocket engine can be termed as a rocket. Now, therefore, the important word here is a rocket engine. What is a rocket engine? In all rockets the exhaust is formed entirely from the propellant carried on board. This is the difference between a rocket engine and an air breathing engine. In most of the aircraft engines the main propellant is air which the engine sucks from the atmosphere energizer it and then throws it out. Whereas, in the rockets the propulsion system apart from the back pressure at the exit of the nozzle is kind of secluded or independent of the flight because both the oxidizer as well as the fuel or all the propellants are within the rocket. They do not interact with the atmosphere they do not take anything from atmosphere and that is what a rocket engine is. So, again going back to the first line the missile spacecraft aircraft with rockets actually there have been aircraft with rockets. Actually our doctor APJ Abdul Kalam started his career in DRDO by making rocket powered aircraft which then because of that experience he was later taken to DRDO to start the missile program. So, there has been rocket powered aircraft there has been rocket powered even cars. So, essentially where they do not interact with the atmosphere and take their carry their own propellant is a rocket. So, the rocket engines essentially work based on Newton's third law of motion which is action and reaction every action has a equivalent opposite reaction. So, that is the primary and basic principle of application of a rocket engine. So, the rocket engine essentially puts pushes push this rockets forward simply by throwing their exhaust backward and the the amount of thrust produced will depend on the amount or the mass parade of the exhaust and the velocity. So, essentially the rate of change of momentum of the vehicle is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the exhaust and that produces the thrust. Because of this since it does not have any exposed system we can keep on increasing the velocity as well as mass of course, depending on the availability and can produce very high thrust. So, therefore, this rockets can move extremely fast it can be 30 40 mark speed also can be achieved by rockets. Of course, rockets can move up to escape velocity they can go to a high as a escape velocity. So, that they can go outside the atmosphere. So, they can move extremely fast that is the biggest advantage of rockets the very high speed that they can attain. So, the basic features of the rockets then first of all they are quite inefficient at low speeds. We do not want to use rockets for low speed applications because they are very very inefficient only when we go to high speed applications then the rockets are efficient. So, therefore, we use rockets primarily for high speed applications they are relatively lightweight, but very powerful. They are capable of generating large accelerations and attaining extremely high speeds these are the basic features of the rockets. They do not depend on the atmosphere they do not interact with the atmosphere they do not take anything from the atmosphere. So, therefore, they can work without the atmosphere as well that is a very big advantage and that is why they are the only medium useful for space exploration. And because of this they work very well in space where the drags are any way absent there is no drag in space.  So, the vehicle is moving at high speed and a small acceleration will just maintain the speed. So, therefore, rockets essentially for space application or application in outer space are essentially the only possibility that we have we do not have anything else to propel as that high speed at that high altitude. So, if you look at the applications of the rockets, rockets are used for various military applications like in missiles and all they are used for recreational purposes which date back to thirteenth century like firecrackers and all. Rocketry is the enabling technology for space age the age that we are here today the advancement that we are seeing in science and technology essentially the communication revolution that we are seeing today is all possible because of the rockets. The mobile phones that you are using are not of a any use without the satellites even this course which is being recorded would not be accessible to others without the satellites and we cannot put satellites in outer orbit without the rockets. Therefore, without the rockets the advancement in the second part of 20th century and the till now in the 21st century would not have been possible because they made possible the space communication satellite communication. So, the whole I T revolution as well as communication revolution can be attributed to the presence of rockets. So, rockets at the present day are used for fireworks as weapons for ejection seats in aircrafts particularly military aircrafts in some sometime because of some emergency the pilot has to eject that requires a very small response time and has to be done very at a very fast rate. So, rockets are used as for injection seats and when the pilot is ejecting the vehicle is also moving. So, the pilot has to be taken away from the vehicle at a very short time and that requires lot of acceleration which only a rocket can provide. So, ejection seats have rockets then launch vehicles of course, for all the satellites then even the satellites themselves have some kind of small rocketry devices because the life of a satellite is defined as how long they can remain in the specified orbit. Now, as the satellite keeps on moving in the orbit slowly because of the gravitational spool and because of the small drag that is present it is starts to deviate from the orbit also it may loses attitude. Now, if it is beyond a certain point then it is of no use to the user because the signals would not be coming back in the proper place. So, periodically satellite has to be brought back to the orbit and as long as it remains in the orbit it is useful. So, the life of a satellite is as long it is remain in the orbit and you have to do that rockets are used extensively. So, small thrusts are produced for course correction of satellites. So, therefore, even so, rockets are not only used to put the satellites in orbit, but also to maintain satellites during its life. So, that it is useful because if it goes beyond a particular attitude and goes out of the orbit is of no use. Then human space flight for mission to moon for the space mission the space station. Now, we are talking about mission to Mars as well of course, rockets are the only thing that can take us there. So, and space exploration now Galileo has gone beyond the solar system are going into the deep space Hubble telescope is a space telescope which was put by rockets in the space. So, therefore, various applications for space exploration were essentially dependent on rockets. So, rockets are something now although they are I would say not that the rocket community rocket science community is not very much vocal about their achievements, but if you look at the present day today's life they have touched almost everybody's life. So, therefore, it is a technology which is very very important and in this course that is what we are going to talk about.


Okay, welcome back We've been the last hour we've been looking at attitudes temperament and behavior so we unpacked that a little bit understood what attitudes are temperament and Behavior we looked at how negative attitudes affect us personally also how it affects us interpersonally we looked at how The scripture talks about a walking like Christ did Growing into Christ likeness and so we looked at scripture to help us see some of those Christ-like attitudes Similarly, we looked at temperaments and how we need to be controlled by the spirit so that the fruit of the spirit Is what is manifested in our lives and What is characterized by? by a temperament that is Filled with the power of the Holy Spirit and lastly we looked at behavior How we can align ourselves to what the word brings about how we can have our behavior aligned to the instructions In the word that the standard for our behavior is the word and it is the love of God that actually shows us The love of God is shown through our obedience in what is said in his word and thus we we Move and transform into that now The next next part we are just going to be focusing on this part of it the transformation How do we transform ourselves into this being Christ-like? Being Having a temperament that's controlled by the spirit and the behavior that's aligned to the word of God. So, how do we make that transition? Apologies, sorry Yeah, okay, how do we make that transition from from that which is you know Very carnal into that which is spirit controlled is what we're going to look look at okay? And that and this will be found in page 59 and in the In the book it's at page 57. Okay, so What we do see and from from what we've we've discussed this far is that God calls us to have a change or a Different attitude that that is that shows the attitude of Christ a different Temperament as well as a different behavior and that's what God has called us called us to be in so Remember that all of us are at the same place. We begin at the same place So, you know, it's not as if some are better than the other. We are all Sinful, okay, and are all of this the way that we think the way that we act the way that we perceive is all Mard by sin, it is that there is a lot of flaw in the way that we Where that these things are there? So because of the experiences that happen to us we could be hurt We could be carrying these Negative attitudes or emotions inside and then our thinking gets distorted our thinking Is is very different from what is expected of us as according to the word to the to the word Okay, and because of this negative thinking we get It becomes very cyclical We are bound to wrong patterns of behaviors, right? Or we get into behaviors that would be That could be deceptive or even we may get into behaviors that are addicted So we need to recognize and understand and have insight that What what is going on within us when it is compared to the standard that God has kept for us in scripture Okay, and we want to bring four truths through this through this which all of us can can begin to To appropriate in our life so that that transformation can take place now out of these four truths Two of it the first two is already completed. It's already done for us. God has already done this Because of the work of Jesus, okay And he calls us to live out of that work out of in in by by believing and just living out of it The other two is something that we need to do daily. It's something that is progressively that we do So let's uh, we'll take that time to understand these four and the more that we You know believe about these truths and walk in it and Do what it says we will begin to see that transformation that personal transformation From inside out from right from our attitudes from things that we hold on the way that we experience life the way that we Live out our behavior will begin to change. Okay. So, um, I hope all of y'all are with me Everyone's with me Okay, all right. Good. Thank you. All right, so let's look at uh, each of it So the first one is the power of the cross Okay, the power of the cross So remember the first two what the truths that we are going to look at is Something that's already done for us. Okay, so We know what Jesus did for us on the cross. Okay when Jesus died for us on the cross He bought about yes forgiveness of our sin Okay, forgiveness from sin But with that he also gave us freedom from the power of sin from the dominion of sin and um, he also bought about healing Not just for our souls For our spirit, but also for our soul and our body So the the um power that sin had over us Because of what jesus did on the cross for us that power of sin has been broken And so that means we no longer Are bound to sin. We are no longer slaves to sin. Okay. We'll just read two verses and um, We'll take that from there. So Isaiah 53 verses 4 to 5 it reads and i'm reading from the book But he endured the suffering that should have been ours The pain that we should have borne all the while we thought that his suffering was punishment sent by god But because of our sins he was wounded Beaten because of the evil we did We are healed by the punishment. He suffered made whole by the blows he received So because of all that jesus Took on the cross endured for us on the cross Whatever was supposed to be given to us He has taken away and this is a truth that we need to walk and we need to appropriate him The the work on the cross has been done once and for all It's done once and for all And we all are aware of it Now we know that there is no more power Or hold That any work of sin has in our lives. It doesn't have a hold over our lives We are no longer Doing what sin wants us to do because we have we have overcome Sin and we have overcome the power of sin Because of what jesus did for us on the cross because he defeated Um the work of the enemy defeated the power of sin for us. Okay, so let's read We we read isaiya 53 4 to 5. Let's just look at roman 6 Verses 6 and 14 verse 6 and we know that our old being Has been put to death with christ on his cross In order that the power of the sinful self might be destroyed So that we should no longer be slaves of sin So the power Of our sinful self has been destroyed so that we do not have to be slaves of sin Sin must not be a master for you do not live under law But under grace. Okay, so what do we see here is that Because of what jesus has done He has already Granted complete wholeness to each one of us this Also includes every kind of hurt or pain or abuse or wounds that we would have Carried carried Emotionally because of our experiences or Situations so right now we see ourselves healed and whole Through the cross of jesus christ because he broke the power of sin because he put to death Put to death the power of sin that the he destroyed the power of sin so What does that mean that means that there none of the sin behavior Or a sin lifestyle has a power over us or has control over us. So whenever You know we begin to to think or or or see that a certain pattern or a certain habit is coming over us We appropriate what god's done and we see ourselves as free Because of the power of cross so everything that jesus did for us provided for us Is something that we need to appropriate we claim that We claim that as his provision for us and we walk in the freedom Of it. Okay, and So what have when we're looking at the power of the cross we also see that the cross also is When we look at the cross we see forgiveness We see the way that he forgave us So the cross again for us again becomes a place where we need to extend our forgiveness Maybe to those who have wronged us in different areas of life Okay, and as a result of why we may be in the place that we are in nevertheless When we look at the cross where we have dominion over the power of sin We also look at the cross for a place where forgiveness was extended to us And so we extend that same forgiveness to those who have wronged us Because we have been forgiven by him We have been given grace And you will remember you will remember the parable of the merciful servant, right? the unmerciful servant where he where he Is forgiven for his debt by the master but goes and finds another one of his friends and demands That that he pay back and when he doesn't puts in Does not show him any mercy does not show him any grace and puts it into a place of punishment, right? And so we so from what he did receive he was not able to appropriate that same That same grace to someone else So when we look at the cross we know that we have been forgiven And we appropriate that and forgive others who may have wronged us and give the grace that they That that god has shown unto us. Okay, not because they may deserve it Not because we can give it But because we walk in the full fulfillment of what christ has done for us Okay, so that is what we see in the first one the power of the cross something that's already done So even how do we apply this? So let's say Maybe certain attitudes or certain Certain certain Behavioral patterns that we see that are that are sinful Maybe every time that we feel upset or we we feel angry We cope in a very in through an addictive measure through an addictive behavior, right? Maybe some form of addiction And we sit back to think of what of how christ is taken away All of that which is Which has uh, which has binded us Which has bound us right all that which which has bound us and we see that how christ has taken it taken it away Which means it he has lost the power of that addiction over our lives. He's broken those chains He's lost lose the power Which means it doesn't have the power to hold us anymore. Which means we walk in freedom So to appropriate this truth and live in the freedom from the power of sin Uh, uh over us. Okay, so that's the that's the first one the second comes here our identity in christ What is our identity in christ now? Once we are born again Okay, we we know that we have come into a union with the lord jesus christ and that's a spiritual Union so we are in christ and We are in him by the power of the holy spirit so when We believe in christ when we when we give our lives to him We become the old passes away And the new comes to current wins 5 17 the old is gone and the new has come so as new Whenever something is new everything has changed everything about us change. We don't Work the same old way All right, like think about um The example that I can think or think about is let's say, you know some Electrical equipment that you have that's not working properly Right, but then you're given a brand new motor Right, maybe the equipment has been given a brand new motor or Whatever a motherboard whatever it has it's been given a brand new one and it the old is no more there Even though the cover of that equipment or whatever appliance you're using may be the same The inside has been changed so the old is gone and the new has come which means our identity Or our nature who we are Is has also changed And it is the identity we take up is not the identity of sin and the identity of darkness and the identity of um You know of of of whatever That's that's held us back. But our identity is In Christ so we are empowered. We are blessed And we begin to appropriate the truth that who we are in Christ is who we we really are So once we have um come to that place of appropriating what God's done for us We need to live out of that identity. We need to live out Of that resource in Christ. So um a common example that that's you know often used When we talk about identities think of a of a Maybe a child Who who was living in the slums or living, you know in a very impoverished Society impoverished place and there is someone who comes A person who has wealth takes him adopts him and brings him to his home A big palace lots of food good clothes big rooms lots of toys lots of opportunities to learn so many things right and uh the only way that this child this adopted child can Can begin to enjoy What the rich man has is by actually making a choice to To identify himself As a person of that household Right that they begin to you know, take away the old clothes and identify by putting on something new Not going and eating scraps for ensuring that we sit on the table with the kind of spread that's there or um Not not moving back into maybe a lifestyle that he's lived but enjoying the lifestyle So that's that's something that they they take, you know, so although all of that is made available This child needs to live out of that new identity live out of the resources that are there in that home So similarly when we have been bought back bought when we have been bought with that price of the blood of Jesus of the body Um of Jesus through his crucifixion We live out of whatever he has bought back for us and when we do that what happens The way we see ourselves are the way we uh the confidence we may have the our our self esteem all will change That perspective of who we are changes. We don't look at ourselves as impoverished poor Sinful, but we looked we look at ourselves as bought by the blood of the land We look look at ourselves as healed as redeemed as victorious as triumphant as As channels of his blessing right so our perspective of us changes And through that our perspective of other people changes because we begin to see people in the way that God sees them So our perspective of us changes the way that we look at others changes the way Our own attitudes and our perspectives about life and whatever happens around us changes Our our understanding about the enemy about his forces of Darkness all of that changes and we see everything Through the light of what Christ has done through that Okay, so looking at this when we walk and if we are able to live out of these truths that that the the cross has been Powerful and it has helped to break every Every Power of sin over our lives and that we do not have to live through that sinful life And when we know about this our identity who we are in Christ We will begin to live as strong people. We will begin to live as people under Under the power of the Holy Spirit. Okay, we will soon begin Transforming all the things that we think about and that will Percolate into the way that we live into our behavior. So we will be transformed in our In our daily living as well. Okay. Now the next, okay Is are there any questions here before we move into the next two and any questions? Okay, the class has been very quiet today. I don't have heard even one voice Other than scripture reading Okay. All right. Thank you Rin All right So let's look at the third and the fourth one the third and the fourth one is like we said is ongoing It's something that we need to keep doing the third one We are going to look at is the renewing of our minds the renewing of our minds is Renewing is to to and to make new which is to Alter or change the way that we are thinking and the way that we are seeing things. Okay, so when we renew our minds With the word of God, we are Replacing those sinful negative thoughts attitudes ideas with What God says in his word? Okay, so when we renew our mind, we are replacing everything or all that we think of which is which is Negative or which is sinful and taking on The a truth of God's word Or that we our minds are renewed we will begin to see our lifestyle undergoes that change. Okay, the more that like for example the more that um Maybe someone who you're thinking of who you are probably very angry or upset about the more that You know, you begin to see them In the way that God sees them The more you will find that your behavior to them also changes Right. So I'm thinking once our minds are renewed it will definitely move into Um Transformation about the way that we live out. Okay, so so for our minds if I if we want our minds to be renewed The way it needs to be done is to to constantly Meditate on God's word Constantly meditate on God's word and keep our thinking aligned with the word of God Okay, so here what we are doing is every time let's say anger about that person comes up we are choosing to think In a way that aligns to God's word. Okay, so maybe it's initially it's just a place of forgiveness God bring bring my heart to forgive this person Right. So we're choosing to do as for what God's word God's word says, okay, or let's say there are circumstances that happen or situations that happen that are um Very contrary to what we see Uh in God's word, but we begin to perceive that From the perspective of God's word. Okay, so every time something happens We say all things work together for good to them that love the Lord Right. We speak peace into into the into that situation So this continues to be an ongoing process This is something that all of us need to do at every time possible because it's only when we have Um a change of mind a renewed mind can we have a lifestyle that is transformed that is changed So a renewing of our mind takes place by meditating on God's word by constantly learning and and Ensuring that we live accordance To his word. So we challenge ourselves. Maybe there is a deceit in our in our minds and and God's word says, you know, love There may be mistrust in our mind God says to let go and be still and know that he is gone There may be anger in our minds. God says forgive There may be sadness in our minds. God says be joyful and rejoice because he is your strength So the more that we keep our minds renewed, you know, constantly We will begin to see the transformation even in our lifestyle The fourth one is walking in the spirit. Okay now Uh, not just renewing our minds, but also We are called to walk in the spirit. Now. What does that mean? Walking in the spirit means we submit To the Holy Spirit. We yield ourselves To the Holy Spirit, which means that we are being very A keen to hear His voice to hear where he is guiding us Okay, we are also at the same time learning to understand What is it that pleases the Holy Spirit? and Excuse me And what is it that grieves the Holy Spirit? Okay, we we are coming to a place where we submit and allow him To take over everything Of us to take over The our thoughts our deeds our words and allow him to work in our lives. Okay, so When we are walking in the spirit We are yielding ourselves to the Holy Spirit so that he works through us He his his will his desire is manifested through us His guidance his leading happens through us Okay, so when we begin to walk in the spirit, what are we doing? We are also Building someone else up spiritually. Okay We are we are in that place of of Commuting with God, okay We are continuously in that place where we where we speak to God where we are communing with him and then we we begin to walk in that place of obedience and humility towards him, okay So when we when we do walk in the spirit, what are we not doing? We are not walking in the flesh Okay, when we walk in the spirit both of this cannot Reside together so when we walk in the spirit we Galatians 5 16 says when you walk in the spirit, you are not fulfilling the lust of the flesh Okay, so what is the last lust of the flesh or the desires of our body? It's that fighting or quarrelling getting angry having hatred Maybe abusing saying things that are that are not right All of that is classified under the words of the flesh. So when the Holy Spirit Uh, when we walk in the Holy Spirit, we are we put What we're doing is we're putting an end to everything that comes out as a result of the flesh So when we walk in the spirit, we are also putting an end to the work of the of the flesh the lust Of the flesh and instead Because when you're walking in the spirit the more the fruit of the spirit becomes expressed in our lives, okay, so Uh, when we look at, uh, uh, how do we have transformed? Lives it is through two things where we where we have a completed work of christ The power of the power of the cross our identity in christ and two things that continue happening is to be able to walk in the spirit And to renew our minds by the meditating of god's word Okay, so in in the time that we relate to our spouse, okay, we we Relate to them keeping in mind or maintaining These christ-like attitudes the spirit control temperament and this behavior when we are relating to them Because uh, we do see also the way that christ um The the relationship of christ to the church was in in a way that um, that that is that which we need to model Okay, that we need to relate to our spouse the way that christ has related to us in forgiveness in patience in endurance in love in um in respect All all of that that we learned the last last week about the roles of a husband, okay So, uh, it's important to come again to a recognition of Of where we are and what is it that we need to change so that um our thoughts are Are understand perceptions our behaviors the way that we Communicate are aligned to what god wants and so by doing that we are in a better place to understand Uh, what how your the spouse is thinking or how they are perceiving or how they're acting or how they are responding, okay So, um, I've come to the end of that of this section If there are any thoughts any opinion any any observations any questions It's a good time to check now. We have around 15 minutes for you to be able to do that Or anything that you feel you've learned that's been helpful for you Also, you know, you could share that Anybody it's a very silent class today Okay, so maybe I I I have a question for you, okay and um Would like to see How you know what what you feel or what what you can What you think or what how how we could respond now, um um suppose Um Suppose, you know as as a married couple You know, you you may be witnessing or you may have a spouse who's probably in a place of Complain, right that they are Uh, or you may see a negative attitude or a behavior or a response um That that is not christlike. Okay, how would you? um How would you respond to a person or to a spouse who's Uh, who's probably keeping one of these negative attitudes or there is a negative attitude or behavior that they are Uh, manifesting How would you like to Help them or how would you like to talk to them? What would you what would you do? Okay, now this is a question. Okay, so I'd like you to think about it and What how can you what could you do? Hello students Okay, now I'm I'd be forced to call out people's name Okay, so antony says you would keep praying about it. Okay That's a that's a good thing to do Uh rin says I can be tolerant and encourage and help to see the many things That we can be grateful for. Okay All right good Anything else So we can actually come up with 14 answers because there are 14 of us here on the call And we've got just two out of 14. Um, may I speak? Is it okay? Sure. Go ahead. Yes. Yes. I said we can uh, probably bring it to the attention of the spouse that so and so such a thing is there and That's strictly speaking. It should be that I mean I mean they Would also need to be but the question is if there is something right? Uh, the question is once again The question is in case you observe A negative attitude or a negative behavior in your spouse that that they may not be aware that that it is one Or you know, it's affecting them. What would you do? Yeah, so one is to yeah to very to to bring it to the notice of the spouse That this is what's been happening or it would be good if you're able to deal with it or handle with it at the same time Also keep praying. I mean it may not it's possible that it will just not change So quickly or you know, it will just not happen Just overnight like that. But then uh, we in the meanwhile can Continue, I mean the the other person who's bringing it to the attention, whichever it could be either way, right? So, um Could continue to keep praying And uh, hoping that you know, the spirit god will really work on that particular attitude and change it But then the uh, the it's it's important that the other person Continues to display all the characters. I mean, which what what we were just learning But that's about constantly renewing your mind or working the spirit so that the other person is encouraged to make those required changes Wonderful. Thank you. Thank you. I think there's there are other people who've written Uh, Anand says I sit and speak and pray for her Rin says make sure that it does not become an issue by helping him adapt Nina says Nina Santosh says bring it before the lord and if they're open for corrections talk to him with love Uh, yeah, I think uh, jacking said choosing not to react immediately but respond in kindness and humility Keeping on loving and forgiving The spouse seek god's help and wait for god to speak to him. Okay, wonderful, right? So In our in a marriage where two people are growing together Um, it's it's good to get into a practice of where you hold each other accountable You know, when you're be when you are on the journey of being christlike Um, it's it's always good to have someone Observe and and give you certain feedback. You know, it really helps Uh, in you know in any walk of life and whatever we're doing When someone is observing us is far better than when we Evaluate and assess ourselves. So it's a good thing. Especially it's ideal For a couple who are willing to grow together. So being holding each other accountable Is a good thing. Now sometimes we know that that's that probably doesn't always happen, but When we're bringing correction or when we are pinpointing something, I think a good principle is always To first and foremost share What you see is christlike in them You know always pinpoint what you've seen as christlike in them that you know, they may be selfless They may be loving. They may be kind. They may be generous whatever and there may be so many things That you can pinpoint and say, you know, this is what I see and also then to lovingly gently Not being judgmental bringing up The point of issue To them and placing it there And doing it with with that understanding that You know, like like for example, maybe, you know, the same example I had given you earlier, maybe, you know of the money And two people maybe the person who is no frugal who is more You know tight-fisted may have had a bad relationship with money because of whatever reason So saying that with an understanding that you know, I I do see your idea sense Where this may be coming from that it may be difficult For you because this is what you've seen never the least You know, I was wondering how we could work on this together or you know The way that the bible tells us to be generous or to be To to look into the needs of others whatever right to to be able to do it in a way where You're not letting the other person feel that there's a fault finding and you're doing some kind of moral policing over their lives But actually engaging with them to work together on that and And of course, yes to continue praying to continue to declare that over them And especially if you if you do find the spouse doesn't take it well It may be good to To step back and keep keep praying and bring it up Maybe not every day not every time but you know once in a while when The incident has probably blown out of proportion. So being accountable to one another really helps Finding the positives or finding the things that's actually aligned to the word of god that really helps And bringing this is a feedback where you're doing it lovingly gently without without judgment and with understanding of that background and Helping in saying that we could work this together and also continuously pray. Okay. Excellent. Wonderful. That's good all right, any any thoughts anything that Any if you'll have a question if so we could respond Uh to that question any any question any thoughts any learnings Okay, okay. I suppose not then so um Okay, it'll be good if we I ask you the question. Okay um Yeah, but do y'all have any questions in the sense of a doubt or things like that um Okay, I don't think so all right, um Yeah, I think you know, we've covered that when I when I asked you that question It would mean in all three areas the attitudes the personality and the The uh behavior, so I was just thinking um, you know, especially When you may see a behavior that's negative All right, um And I think we've seen this many times in marriage. So I'm just bringing about a question here Let's say you observe a certain behavior of your spouse that is quite negative and um, maybe Let's say they use bad language Okay in their anger Or in their frustration, they use bad language. They're a believer um Uh, but when when they're really angry or agitated some bad words fly out Okay, and as a spouse you've done the gentle talking the loving talking Uh, you've done all of that Uh, and then at some point of time you decide, okay, it's time to Get somebody else involved Okay, I'd involve somebody else to speak to my spouse And often I have seen this involving someone else would be Without the knowledge of the of the of the other spouse. It's not in the knowledge And they'll call and say, you know, this is what my husband and my wife does. Please. Can you correct?  So that's a scenario. What are your thoughts? um about that I've asked you a question now What are your thoughts? How should we go about something like this? Like you're saying you've done all of this, you know You've done the talking the gentleness All of that and you're getting frustrated then you decide I'm going to call Maybe a minister of god or a man of god or a woman of god to correct My my spouse without the permission or without the spouse knowing What do you what do you sense of that approach? Okay I'm awaiting some answers or some thoughts Rin, do you have a thought? It's not to put you on the spot, Rin But anybody anybody else What if it did not go as intended? Yeah, so it did not go as intended, which means Let's say the the spouse got very upset Okay, so I think someone said Shimkama says that attitude worsens the situation Okay We should pray more fervently for our spouse if not approach someone without the knowing of our spouse. Okay All right any other thoughts okay, so Often, you know, I I think we need wisdom when we're doing this is that Maybe the person that we are enlisting for support May not even be a person that our spouse relates well with Right if it is The if they don't relate well with then suddenly Someone comes in like like for example, you know, you see someone in church and you know And suddenly their spouse calls you and say please correct this person because this this this right remember that a lot of um correction rebuking Encouragement comes on the basis of a relationship It comes from a relationship And any if you're just if someone just admonishes someone You know that that may that may that may cause significant problems back in the marriage Right, so to do things with wisdom one is maybe First discussing with the spouse of how a certain behavior or a certain attitude Seems to be extremely negative and would like that it be worked on Making suggestions Would you like to get help or speak to somebody about it? That would probably be the next step and also And and so if then there is an agreement Allowing that person the spouse to reach out to someone on their own accord so that they can get that help Okay, so yeah, Nina. You're right. We you can't change anybody that easily without their own will So doing things on the slide behind their backs can often cause a lot more of Damage Then what you what you may intend to do? Okay, so it is with wisdom that you deal with the situation like this Okay, that's good All right Okay, if there aren't any questions, we'll close today's session Is there someone who can please close with a word of prayer? Can I ask one of the students? To pray students at the bible college all of you who gathered there any one of you Would you all please close with the word of prayer? Can someone please pray? From the bible college students Okay, anybody else If not for the students anyone else, please Yeah, go ahead. Anand go ahead or whoever is there on that call go ahead Oh, Jesus. Thank you for this day. Thank you for this time for this class We have I know we are so grateful that we get to learn so things especially those who are not married yet and that thank you Jesus that you're helping us to transform ourselves to change ourselves and to live a lifestyle as pleasing to you and thank you God Jesus that That we that we had this opportunity to learn and to grow in a word and we thank you for this Your name for amen Thank you. Thanks friend. Thank you all so much. God bless you. We'll need to get next week. Thank you. Bye. Bye


Aloha, my name is Larry Grimm and I'm host for the Think Tech Hawaii program. Don't just age and gauge. Welcome to our half-hour program where we look at the personal dynamics of aging and how to make your elderhood an extraordinary time of your life. Today I've invited Buzz Tenant to be a part of our program to be my interviewee and I'm happy to say that Buzz is a friend of mine and also a mentor and teacher of mine. I take voice lessons from him and he is one of the reasons that I consider my ex-milderhood to be extraordinary. Hi Buzz, welcome to my program. Hi, hi Larry. Nice to be here. Thank you. You're welcome. Thank you so much for being a part of it. In one of the pieces that you wrote for me in particular, you quoted the Shawshank Rebellion movie. Oh Redemption, yeah. Shawshank Redemption movie. It's from seven years, several years ago. And in it you quoted, and I may just paraphrase this a bit, comes to a simple choice. Are we getting busy living or are we getting busy dying? Now why did you choose that quote? Why does it have so much, what is the significance that quote has for you? Well, to me it connotes present moment awareness living in the moment, not dwelling too much on the past with its trials and tribulations, but being in the here and now and looking forward to building our future in a positive, creative way. And rather than sort of getting stuck and mired in the past, we look forward because life is all about momentum. And the protagonist, Andy Defreen, who says to Red, as you mentioned, I guess it comes down to a simple choice, get busy living or simply get busy dying. So I think we need to remind ourselves that we're in linear time, limited, not in the sense of eternal time and now, but chronologically. And it's up to us to make that choice to live in a creative, fulfilling way. And as I also wrote in the essay, with passion and enthusiasm, doing what you love, following your bliss, as Joseph Campbell would say, growing and evolving in grace, acceptance and humor. Or we choose to bow down to the inevitable, not always, but diminution of mind, body and spirit. So I've chosen the former path, which is to live with a sense of vitality and passion. Yes, I was thinking that since you're alive, you have opted in for life. But I assume that there's, there's not a default that people will necessarily that we at this age will necessarily opt for living in. I mean, living in the fullest. Yes. Thank you very much for sharing that. You're welcome. Tell us a little bit, Buzz, about your timeline and your history. You know this island very well. Yes, yes. Well, I was born and raised in North Carolina. I came here in high school. Actually, I was a sophomore, the grand old age of 15. My father got a job teaching at Pune or her school, Arthur Tennant. And I attended school here then went away for a number of years and spent time in New York and had school music. I got a master's in voice. And then I went off to Germany primarily and performed there for about 12 years opera, musical theater, oratorio and recitals. And I returned to Hawaii in 2003, ostensibly to take care of my ailing parents. And I could have stayed longer, but I felt it was my duty and responsibility as their only son. And it was a happy responsibility to have done so. I met my lovely wife, Conti here. I got a teaching job at Shamanot. And then I teach privately as well. And then I did a little bit of work with Hawaii Opera Theater, the Hawaii Vocal Arts Ensemble, and then branched out a little bit of the TV film work into Hawaii Five-O and independent film. So I've tried to really nurture my creativity in many ways. Well, you really opted for the performing arts. Yes, or yes. In a very important way for you. And how does teaching, how does singing and how does singing and teaching sort of fill you? What does it fill you with? How come? Why is that important to you? Well, because it enriches my spirit. It's that lovely passage in the scriptures about make a joyful noise and noise for joy. Sure. I love that, one of my favorite passages. And to me, it's part of who I am. It's my intrinsic being a day without even practicing is kind of a melancholy day.  And it just is a daily routine. It's I have a little saying about discipline becomes habit, habit becomes second nature. So it's an intrinsic part of my daily life. And I see the two as being complementary. I love to share my spirit, my thoughts in singing and whether it's an aria or leader or musical theater, by the same token, I love to share my alleged gifts with the students and inspire them and encourage them. So it works in tandem. Yeah, I can tell I can vouch for the the latter part, because I'm one who's inspired by what you give me and what you impart to me in my voice, the work with my voice. You, you in your essay, you started off your essay sort of with a kind of a question on the brink of your 64 on the eve of your 65th birthday. Correct. Now, now I want to know, did did did this birthday present you with a sense of transition that you were moving into a new stage of life? Yes, absolutely. It was one of those transitional periods, like for example, coming back from Europe, moving into the role of a caregiver. And in embracing that responsibility. In this way, as you know, I wrote it on the eve of my 65th birthday. And I had jokingly said to my wife that, you know, I'm still too young for Medicare, but but too old for women to care. But anyway, that kidding aside, I on a serious note, I did ponder the question. And of course, the the title, which appears in your in your lovely book, Don't Just Age Engage, is of course, the artful codger, a little play on the artful dodger. But yes, you're correct. I was in a very reflective mood, a little bit tongue in cheek, but underlying seriousness of it. And looting to the typical landmark birthdays that we celebrate, and the milestones and seeing 6065 is the new youth of old age, as Victor Hugo would say, you know, and seeing it as a new chapter and a challenging opportunity, you know, yes. Yes. Well, Buzz, do you ever, are you ever tempted just to say, forget it, I'm just going to give up and just going to go the way of the diminution. And I'm going to throw in the towel. It's not worth all. You know, that's that's a good question. You know, it's interesting, my grandmother, very renowned artist here. She used to say, I would rather fail sincerely than succeed easily. And like Faulkner would say, we shall be remembered for the splendor of our failures. I would much rather like Bernard Bernard Shaw, you know, don't be a ball of complaints about should or what it could live a life of regret, but just really, again, if you don't mind my quoting Kipling, fill the unforgiving minute with 60 seconds of long distance run. And I love that because it's it's taking a proactive approach to to running and that manifests itself in my wind sprints and things, but as a metaphor. But yeah, I get down, I get discouraged. You know, this pandemic has been dispiriting. We lost a family member over a year and a half ago to COVID. So it's presented a daily challenge. And but you try to make the best of it. Try to be a bit stoic. We have grown vegetable garden in our in the back of our home.  My father would say life is a bur or a spur. So I've tried to make it a spur and get incentivized and move ahead. Yeah, very good. Very good. And so so what are the things that you're looking forward to in the future that are going to be further fulfilling for you? Anything different? Are you have you set out any new goals you and Conti? Well, you know, we love to travel. We love to travel. And we've done a lot. She's from Sri Lanka. We traveled there. We did Bhutan, Mongolia, did a tour to Ireland five years ago. Yeah, we love the international travel. And I enjoy writing poetry essays. I want to continue that. One doesn't sing forever, unless you're Tony Bennett, God bless him. But I like my father, he inspired me. He gave his swan song at 80. It was a lovely leader in art song recital. As long as I keep the voice in shape, which I intend to do. It's I'll continue that the teaching, of course, writing, yeah, maybe do a memoir, a number of things I kind of have in mind, but a very active, you know, elderhood, so to speak. Yeah. Yeah. Well, when I do my when I do my coaching with folks for their extraordinary elderhood, emphasize what you already have done naturally, which is to choose some goals. Yeah. Those areas that as you said, Joseph Campbell said it's so good, so well, that that enhance the bliss experience. Yeah, follow your bliss. Exactly. All of those. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And so often, I don't this program doesn't look at issues as much as personal development in my program, don't just age, but engage. However, there are cultural dimensions that will put up roadblocks everywhere we look. They will put up roadblocks to your bliss by saying you're too old to do that, or you should get involved in that, or and sometimes exactly from the people who are closest to us most meaningfully supportive, they'll they'll assume that we are that our age sets us on the margins. And that's why I appreciate you bringing up the topic of the or the name of the show, which is don't just age engage also the name of my book. Yes. Engage, because if we buy into that personally, then it's our downfall. Yes. Yes. That diminution that you mentioned, the slow spiral down. That's what age is all about. It's not what aging is all about. No, no. And again, it's a choice, you know, and keep your mind, body and spirit healthy and active. And it's the old part about, you know, you know, it's aging as a state of mind. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter, you know. But yeah, I think we've been victim of kind of stereotyping over the years. And I think that's changing the demographic and acknowledging, for example, those in history, right, you know, Verity's two most famous operas were well towards the end of his life, and he was in his 80s, Othello and Volstaff. Yes. And he was at a venerable age when he composed them, you know, and even Da Vinci, you can go on and on that age is no barrier. Yeah. What about, what is your inspiring? Let's go into singing a bit. Sure. And people who are aging in my age group, your age group now, would you encourage them to seek training and singing and to utilize their voices more fully? Absolutely. Absolutely. Actually, my oldest student is 87. And he revels in it. He loves it. Now, again, there's no time limit on it. I heard a wonderful story about a gentleman who took piano lessons in his 90s. And, of course, he wasn't had any grand aspirations other than it gave him joy and fulfillment, and he did it for himself, you know? It's even, I go back to my days at Manhattan School of Music in New York City. We had a wonderful, rather eccentric opera director who loved Maria Callas, the famous Greek American opera singer. And she said it never matters whether you have that moment. It's that you train for that moment. And even just the process, even, I haven't had any, well, with the exception of making my debut in Norwegian this past weekend at Lutheran Church, doing a lovely, a very Greek choral piece. I haven't had much in the way of live performances for a year and a half. So that said, I'm rededicated myself to the process. And like my grandmother, Maj. Tennant would say, an artist, be it graphic or performing, must live a life of continuous concert pitch. So it's the idea of keeping your instrument tuned for the moment, which may never come. But I think being somewhat sanguine in terms of, you know, the pandemic lifting, things will be opening up slowly. And little by little, we'll have more opportunities. But it's important to keep at that concert pitch in the meantime. And don't get complacent and, oh well, you know, I'm not going to practice today or whatever, you know? Yeah, I don't have anything coming up on my performance calendar. So I'm just going to give it up. Yeah. So, excuse me. Okay. One of the things that you mentioned also in that essay that you so good was just looking back. Yes. Reflective mode. I had one of the, an interesting, interesting praise come to me across my screen. This one group said, when we move from, when, after we retire, quote, we move from roll to soul. Yes, that's good. I like that. Yeah, I thought you were. Yeah. So good with the term.   Are these ways of reminding yourself that this is who you are or who you want to be or what? Yes. Yes. I see them as harbor lights, you know, guiding lights that inspire me and yeah, it's a way of sort of communing with the spirit in a way too, because they're all gone, but yet very much alive in my soul. As you know, I did a centennial video tribute to my mother earlier this year. And it was very, very, very healing and fulfilling at the same time. Yeah, very much so. Yeah. Yeah. I call that remembrance. Yeah. Yeah. And the remembrance is an anemesis in Greek. Yes. Yes. And it really means to refuse to forget. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. But the meaning of the word is to pull from the past into the present, the spiritual impact, the spiritual emotional dimension. So you integrated into your present life again. Well, this is really remarkable. And I consider you to be a great example of pursuing extraordinary elderhood. Oh, very kind. Thank you. The externals of this island life had an impact on that for you. I mean, have you ever wanted to go back to good old Germany? Well, I spent nearly 13 years there. And then I was in New York for seven years there. I, because as I say, we've traveled so extensively, you know, we are geographically isolated. And because of the pandemic, we've shut down so many performing venues, you know, choir practices. And so you have to kind of create your own opportunities. I don't particularly miss Germany. I think we'll go back to visit Europe for sure. We're planning hopefully in the next year or so. But it is somewhat limited here. I no doubt about it.  But I think solely but surely the theaters are picking up going from digital to socially distanced live performances, I think Hawaii Opera Theater. So it's encouraging. And I think keeping that worldly perspective, having traveled so much the interior landscape, keep that alive. I don't get feel that antsy, you know, living on a small island. That's fair enough. Yeah. Yeah. The interior landscape, I love that phrase. Yeah, that was a poem I wrote some while ago. Would you share with us some of your your writing and some of your sure, sure, we have time. Yeah, let me read this one. I wrote this. It's called it's called awareness. Okay, hold fast and live confidently from your vital center. Drink deep from the timeless source of a limitless being. Drawing spiritual sustenance from the fathomless well of infinite wisdom. Grasping the vastness of eternal barities. Radiate love as concentric circles emanating from a quiet, still point of calm. Underlying the gently rippling surface of tranquil waters. Divine awareness unfolds. And the serenity of an untroubled spirit manifests like the delicate unfolding of a petal as it grows inevitably toward the light. Oh, beautiful. Thank you. That's beautiful, Buzz. Thank you. And that's something you wrote recently. Actually, in the millennium in Europe in 2000, I wrote a collection of poems. Yeah, that's part of a little collection I wrote. Yeah. You have been doing some writing, though, recently. And is there anything else that you would share from written work that you've done? Well, you know, if you want, I can share a little excerpt of the essay for those that if you'd like, because I just thought, yeah, it's kind of apropos to what we're talking about. Good. Being regarded as something of a mentor, role model teacher, perhaps even a wise old sage, who's willingly capable of dispensing occasional tidbits of advice, whether solicited or not. As Socrates once said, the unexamined life is not worth living, which I've always described to. To that, I would only add the necessary task of taking a moral inventory of your life and ask yourself, not only am I happy, but am I worthy? Was I useful? In retrospect, that I serve a cause larger than myself. What did I give others unconditionally? Was I kind or was I petty and mean spirited? Was I grateful for the blessings that were bestowed upon me? Or did I take my gifts for granted, including my own health? Did I not only hear, but was I a compassionate listener? Did I follow in the words of Lincoln, quote, the better angels of my nature, unquote? Perhaps most significantly, as a wealthy businessman of renown was quoted as saying in his final hours, quote, was I loved? Or more importantly, did I love? In the final analysis, how else are we to fulfill our purpose on earth other than to love, to learn, to serve others, and in the process gain wisdom? It is in that spirit that composer Jean Scheer from American Anthem challenges us with the following. What will be our legacy? What will our children say? Let them say of me, I was one who believed in sharing the blessings I received. Let me know in my heart when my days are through. I gave my best to you. So wonderful. So beautiful. Thank you. Thank you. I wish you Aloha. I think Tecawaii is a nonprofit entity that raises up all kinds of issues, makes this platform available for everybody, and is supported by donations. So if you go to thinktecawaii.com, anyone, and click on the donate button, you'll be able to make a contribution to keep us going. We sure appreciate that. Don't just age and gauges every two months, every two weeks. On Tuesday at two o'clock, and I look forward to seeing you again here in two weeks. In the meantime, Aloha, and peace be with you.