All right, welcome to this progress and learning video. I have today Sunny Sabini. I'm excited to talk with her. Sunny, I'm just gonna go ahead and let you introduce yourself first. I really like what you're up to in your business and I want folks to hear about it. Great, thank you, George. So my name is Sunny Sabini and I'm here in the San Francisco Bay Area. I work with co-founders and business partners who are in progressive businesses and I help them work through conflicts, obstacles, increase the collaboration and synergy in their partnership and in the process, we usually end up expanding their individual, their interpersonal, their organizational capacity. Yeah, very, very cool. Yeah, and you have a new framework that I don't know if we have time to share it or whatever, but I certainly will give people links to your website and other places and anywhere that would be helpful. But I hope that this video and those of you listening on the podcast will get some encouragement about how authentic business can be done. I hope that you all will kind of walk away being able to kind of apply some of these insights into your business as well. So, Sunny, let's see, where do we start?  And so we get to connect all the time and continue to work on your business throughout the rest of the year. And I'm excited for that.  We have to protect, protect, protect. We have to make sure that we are the only one who has ever said this thing or whatever and I'll be the only one. But of course, now that we've been working together for a bit, you are experimenting with a different way, which is, but I'll let you share, yeah. Thank you. And it's interesting because yes, I received that message so much in the world and there are some coaches who really even focus on that, right, protecting and developing your own intellectual property. And I remember hearing that you have, I don't know, some are all of your ideas in the, what is it called, creative comments. And I really love that come from around that because I do think that there's so much that we can all offer to advance our own, certainly our own fields, but also our own development. There's so much we have to learn from each other. And so I think that exchange feels really natural and compatible with my work, which is around collaboration. So I think that there's so much that can happen through sharing ideas and building upon each other's ideas and exchanging in that way. So I love that you really advocate for that. I do and I've been switching, I kind of switched my mindset around this, I think somewhere around 2014, 2015, I used to believe that we should all, just like most people protect ideas. And then, yeah, somewhere around 2014 or so, wait a second, if I share it and not fear as much whether people take it and run with it, I find that I'm actually much more creative myself. And interestingly, with that kind of more and open hearts, I tend to draw people to me. It's interesting.  But no, actually, I draw people who tend to be more like collaborators and people who respect that people like you, right? So it's so interesting. And recently I've been starting to tweet my potential blog ideas out there. I used to use Twitter to try to put stuff out there, but now I use it to share, hey, this might be a blog idea in the future. And I just try to get it out there as much as possible and see which ones work. But what I'm excited how you're starting to put this together is you have a framework that you recently expanded, upgraded, and you're gonna be sharing much more widely. It's a bit of a tangent, but I think it is an example of sort of idea creation. Do you wanna say a bit more about your framework and why it's helping you to kind of organize things? Yeah, yeah. And it's interesting because I do bring ideas from a few different fields. And this is part of what's developed into my framework. So the individual level, interpersonal level, the organizational level, and how they each feed into one another. So of course our individual capacities and obstacles. So for example, if we have in psychology, what we might call cognitive distortions, then that's gonna interfere with someone's ability to relate to another person. So there are ways in which each of these areas impact the other. And there are also stages of working through clarifying, defining, designing what we wanna do going forward, really committing. So there are stages that can be translated to each of those domains. And then I also think about the, as we're working on those, it's expanding the capacity on all of those levels of the system as a whole. So I kind of see it as like this funnel, where the funnel's getting larger, the more that we do that work. And then of course there are some individuals and partners that don't actively do that work. And then there's like this contraction that happens. And so that's why I think of it in three dimensions. It's like that. Do you happen to have a screenshot of it that you can share? But no, we'll come back. I'll let you, at some point, if you're gonna be sharing it on the blog post to your website or something. So people can see it then. I'm sorry to put you on the spot there, but I'm excited for it. And that's why I've seen the initial design. So I'm excited for the world to see it. So as you start getting the stuff out there, how do you feel about... Okay, so I actually wanna ask you about this. Like putting ideas out there can be scary, right? And for most people, it is scary, especially they aren't already pretty much like content creators. So how are you dealing with that?  How are you relating to that publishing of such a thing? Yeah, and I'll say I'm still in the process of that. So I'm almost done with writing the framework article that I'll then share on LinkedIn and other areas as well. And I feel excited to do it. Whereas in the past, I noticed that I did feel more reticence around sharing ideas, but there's some, I guess because this is so core, it feels like it integrates a lot of what I believe it'll want to see happen. So for example, people being more intentional about developing themselves in each of these areas, because I believe in it so strongly, it makes sense to share it, right? That's another way of serving people, which is something that I really appreciate about your approach as well. So when I think of it in that way, it seems really natural and important to do. And so the kind of the ego fears of, oh, what are people going to think about it? You know, that that receives. So I feel really excited about this approach. And what would you say to somebody who is afraid to kind of put their ideas out there for various reasons? But let's just say for now, it's the fear of criticism, fear, this is not gonna be good enough. The fear that, well, what if I change my mind and it's already out there? What, also another one is, what are my friends and family gonna think about this? What are your? Yeah. Well, I think that the first thing is that I do see it as an iterative process where we have one, and mine already has, my framework has already gone through some changes. You know, you had made a suggestion because originally I had nine stages. You recommended reducing it down. And so I got it into, you know, in a sense, four different steps within the areas. And, you know, so the more that I noticed that I put it out and get feedback, I certainly get the feedback about the things that do make sense in work and create more insights for others and ideas for them. And then any kind of constructive criticism that I get allows me to then think about how else I can adjust and refine it, which feels like it is within the larger context is within service, right? To be developing the ideas further. So I actually wanted to change over time. I'm excited about that. And I think it will become increasingly useful for people the more that I put it out and get feedback. But I started small, right? So I just showed it to one of, you know, one of the other members of MasterHeart. And that is one of the things that I love about this community is that there is so much generosity around sharing ideas and offering feedback when requested and things like that. And then I shared it within one of your classes and I got some more feedback. So, you know, starting small really helps to, I think for me to feel more comfortable about sharing it with a larger audience. But also, as I said, to refine it to get it to a place where I feel even better about it as I'm sharing it with a larger audience. So yeah, I think that, you know, that's really helpful. Yeah, those are good tips. And for those who are listening or watching who are not in MasterHeart or are not in one of my classes, you can simply contact one of your friends and colleagues and say, you know, could we have a kind of a temporary project where we can give each other feedback on what we're working on, you know, just exchange emails or whatever it is. And of course, it has to be someone you're comfortable with. So the other thing that, you know, talk, we've been talking about abundance in sharing ideas and in collaboration. One of the other key shifts is from the idea of competitors, you know, seeing others in our field as, well, if they have a client, that have one less client for me or whatever it may be to, you know, what I call niche mates, right? It's like, well, they deserve success too. I mean, they have a family too and they're doing good work too. And if they grow and we're friends, we'll probably grow together, you know. What has been your experience as you've been kind of bringing that idea of niche mate into your, and you already, I'm sure you were already quite collaborative before we met, but how are you, so you can share about your kind of collaboration insights, you know, even before we started working together, but yeah, I'd love to hear from you about that, niche mates and kind of net caring. Absolutely. Well, yes, I definitely did have that attitude of collaboration before starting. There were a number of people that I worked with on various projects or co-facilitator or co-consulted. And then in others where we, you know, did give each other feedback around our ideas and, you know, blog posts and things like that before sharing with a larger community. But I remember, I think that you were the first one that I heard. I don't know that I've heard anyone else use the term niche mates before. And there's something about the way in which you presented that makes it feel like it's the default, right? That we can come from that place of assuming that everyone else is a niche mate. And even though I had that attitude, I didn't believe that other people did. So there is a way in which I felt more open to reaching out to even strangers within the field. And in this case, you know, as my caseload grew, I had to find other people that I trusted to give overflow clients to. So I did have to reach out to some new folks who had, you know, certain areas of specialization that were similar to mine. And it felt a lot more comfortable doing it with that kind of idea in mind that everyone can be having that attitude of, you know, again, abundance and developing our ideas together and so I have felt more open in that way, like a lot more flow. It's amplified where I came from. Yes, yes. What would you say to somebody who, you know, recently I received a message, someone said, you know, I would love to think in more in terms of niche mates and more collaborative net caring type thing. But she was talking about an experience where she felt like somebody had taken more from a collaboration than they deserved or that, you know. And so there's always that concern people have to say, well, what if it's not perfectly equal, equal or, and it's, of course, interestingly, that's your field. You like help business partners deal with this kind of stuff. But yeah, any insights or reflections that you wanna share from your experience? Yeah. I mean, it's interesting because there is still a way in which I struggle with that piece to some degree, this idea that some people might wanna take ideas and exploit it in some way and not also come from the perspective of generosity and collaboratively developing the field. So that comes in a little bit, but I just, I try to see it within the larger context, which is that if someone else, like say someone is, you know, taking an idea and just using it for very selfish purposes, the ideas are still getting out there to a greater number of people. It's still like planting seeds that other people who are coming from a place of spirit and heart and generosity are gonna be able to benefit and to develop those further. So I think from that perspective, it's less of a concern. And I do believe, you know, even in my case, I'm working with business partnerships. So in some sense, it's maybe a smaller population and some that some other businesses might have. And yet there are way more clients that I could even imagine myself and everyone who does this work being able to serve. So, you know, this idea of scarcity doesn't make sense. I do like the idea of expanding the pie, meaning educating more people about these kinds of resources that are available. So more people use them, right? I don't think that there's an issue of too few clients or too few ideas. And I also really liked what you had said before that.  You're already developing something new, right? So in that way, I feel more at ease about just letting go of that when it comes out. I love that it's, yeah. I mean, and I think this ego-less, you know, perspective of valuing the ideas more than taking credit for it has, I'd say, I mean, I'd say, I mean, almost like a magical karmic return. Even in this life, I would say that it's hard to, well, measure or take credit for, you know, but it does, yeah, you and I have both kind of experienced that and yeah, there are people who are still growing.  So as you think about your business kind of going forward, I'm just kind of taking a little bit of a step back and you have, you have a, you know, great, well, maybe actually before I even go to the step back, you mentioned already that you have a, gratefully a full case lahoder client load at this time. Do you wanna say a few words about how that came to be or what can those who are listening, how can, yeah, how can we get there too? Right, like, yeah, any encouragement there? Yeah, I think the first piece was that I did an exercise where I really thought about this idea of niche. I was very resistant to the idea of niching when I first started and it took me a while and I don't remember all the steps that started to convince me but one is, you know, I am trained as a therapist as well as an organization development consultant. So in the therapy domain, in the therapy realm in particular, there are so many generalists and when I'm looking for a client to refer and someone says they have, you know, certain issue, they have problems sleeping. I do wanna refer to that person to someone who specializes in the issue that they have and others who are generalists, I don't think of them at that time. They might be fantastic therapists or fantastic coaches. So there's something about the niching that I realized on the other side of it is really helpful for me referring to others and then also being on my side of it of getting the clarity and I got the clarity through doing an exercise of thinking about every client I've ever worked with which has been, I don't know, it's in the hundreds, right? So some of them are organizational clients, foundations, school districts, you know, individual therapy clients, couple therapy classes, all the different kinds of work. And I thought, who have I most enjoyed working with? Where did I feel like I was able to bring my most skill? Who did I feel benefited the most? Who was I able to be the most creative with? So I did that exercise to narrow it down to the top. It was three to five clients, like individual clients. And from there, I was able to see that this is the work. It's the business partners. And I'll also mention that in the business partners, I have a subspecialty of working with business partners who also have a personal relationship of being siblings or close friends or spouses. And that's what I found when I did this exercise is that doing the business partnership, coaching that brings my therapy background and the organization background and the mediation. And I facilitate an interpersonal dynamics class for MBA. So I thought about all the different pieces and I can be so creative. So there's something about the niche itself, like identifying the niche. And I also thought, who would I wanna be able to, who would I be so interested in working with that I could develop 10 years worth of material for them and never get bored? So, you know, game. I love this. Yeah. Yeah, no, it's fantastic. It's actually similar to kind of what I've been trying to teach people for years. It's like, I feel like a lot of people niche too early. And I mean, your story is a fantastic example because you already did a lot of work. You already worked with hundreds of clients before you've niched. And that made it so much more effective because it's grounded in your actual experience, analysis of history, rather than a projection into an unknown future. And so it's like for people who are just starting out, I always recommend, all right, because you don't have the history of experience working with hundreds of people like Sonny has, you can essentially create content, create hopefully a couple of hundred pieces of content, but even a couple of dozen pieces and then niche from there to say, well, which of my content has been getting the most traction? You know, anyway, but I'm excited. Thank you for sharing that example because I'll be able to share your example going forward. We only have a few minutes left, unfortunately. So I'd love for you to share. Oh, I mean, I think you've already mentioned who's your ideal client and kind of what kind of stuff you do with them. But give us a bit of a sense of your vision of your business. What would you like as your business continues to impact more people? What does the business look like? Or maybe, you know what, let's end on this. What would the world be like as what the kind of stuff you do becomes more prevalent? What would the world be like? You know, so much of it, so much of my focus is on how we evolve individually and collectively and certainly within the work domain where we spend most of our time and need to be able to bring as much of ourselves forward and need to develop ourselves as much as possible in order to make as much of that difference as we can. So that's what I would love to see is for, you know, for everyone to be, you know, working through all of the obstacles that keep them from bringing their fullness and from working with others to further their own mission because we really need, it's such an interdependent world and, you know, even with as we're talking about idea this, you know, but certainly so many other ways in which we collaborate and can use resources, share resources and so that's what I would love to see is for more people to be able to follow their true mission in that way and create the businesses and the relationships, the collaborations that are going to be bettering everyone. That's fantastic. Sonny Sabini, thank you so much for taking part in this interview. And I hope those who are watching or listening will check out the notes where they can find links to your website and any other links that you feel will be relevant for them. So thanks, Sonny. Fantastic, thank you.


The number of losses of the Wagner group in Ukraine is increasing rapidly. Ukrainian soldiers are inflicting significant losses on Russian forces in Ukraine's east despite round-the-clock attacks by the occupiers. Hannah Malia, Ukrainian Deputy Ministry of Defence on Telegram, wrote it. The enemy's offensive is ongoing in Ukraine's east. The attacks are taking place around the clock. The situation is tense. Yes, it's hard for our troops. You can see for yourself what kind of war Russia is waging. However, our soldiers are preventing the enemy from accomplishing their goals and inflicting very serious losses. In particular, losses amount to up to 80% of personnel in some assault units of the Wagner Private Military Company and units of the Second Army Corps. Evacuation of those killed and wounded by the hostiles is limited or not carried out at all. As Malia states, Russia's significant losses have led to a significant decline in the level of credibility of the command's decision on combat operations among the personnel of the Russian occupation forces. An increasing number of Russian soldiers are realising that their commanders are inadequately assessing the situation on the battlefield as evidenced by the intensive use of so-called suicide squads, i.e. units staffed by insufficiently trained conscripted personnel who suffer heavy combat and sanitary losses every day, she reported. Besides, the new burial of people who might have died while serving as mercenaries in the Russian Wagner Group has been found near the occupied city of Luhansk. 47 graves of convicts were discovered in the village of Bakinskaya, Krasnodar Krai in December. In just two months, the number of graves increased sixfold, as by the end of January there were 270 graves of dead convicts. Each of them contains a wreath with a red, black and yellow emblem that is found on the patches and flags of the Wagner Private Military Company.


Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32MP1 system timer generator. The system timer generator, or STGEN, is used as a system counter for Cortex-A7 timers. The system counter expectations are resolution, 64 bits to avoid rollover, counter-red S232 bit registers, CNTCVU, CNTCVL, monotonic counter, sufficient accuracy, counter can be saved and restored by software across the low power state, counters starting from zero on system reset, trust zone secureable, and counter halt during full debug, optional. This is a block diagram of the STGEN. It is composed of a 64-bit system counter clocked by TSGEN CLK to provide a clock counter to the Cortex-A7 CPU for its timers. For trust zone support, control registers are aliased in two sets. STGEN R is the read-only registers subset, such as counter value, accessible by secure and non-secure environments. STGEN C is the full register set, read-write accessible by the secure world only. The HLTDBG signal is used to halt STGEN when both Cortex-A7 CPUs are under debug. During the boot phase, the STGEN is clocked by HSI, around 64 MHz, until HSE is set up. At that time, it may be switched to HSE by software. During run, sleep, and stop modes with HSE clock on, STGEN is clocked by HSE. During stop mode with HSE off, or during standby mode, STGEN is stopped by software. STGEN is enabled on wakeup, and the counter may be adjusted by the secure software for accurate time using RTC information. The counter can support transitions between high, HSE, and low HSE frequency clocks without any impact on the required accuracy of the counter. Application software can access the CNT FRQ register to read the STGEN clock frequency and modify the value of this register for calibration and timer accuracy purposes.


is the characteristic sheath microplarium found in the circulating blood in cases of filiriants. Gravid female worms release these microplaries in the lymphatics. Adult male and female worms causing this disease live in the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels and their walls. These microplaries, the embryonic stage of the organism, eventually find their way to the circulatory system. When found by blood examination, a diagnosis of filariasis can be made. When a suitable mosquito feeds on a person with circulating microplaries, these embryos are taken up with the blood meal and enter the stomach of the mosquito. The microplary sheds their sheath, penetrates the stomach wall, and migrates to the thoracic muscle of the mosquito, where they develop through three stages to the infected stage. The embryo becomes immoral, shortens, and thickens as the first stage is produced. The internal organs gradually develop, and after a few days the outer cuticle separates. The developing juvenile worm becomes slightly motile as it reaches the second stage. This juvenile continues to grow and molds again to reach the third stage. The third stage then breaks out of the thoracic muscle and begins its migration through the body cavity to the mouth parts of the mosquito. The juvenile in the third stage continues to grow and shortly becomes infective for man. Parasite development in the mosquito takes from eight to 20 days, depending on temperature, humidity, and the species of mosquito. When the mosquito feeds, the infective parasites escape from the labium and enter the new host through the opening made by the mosquito, or through small breaks in the skin. In this more highly magnified view of the labium, infective juveniles can be seen escaping. The course of the disease depends on the number of parasites present and their location within the host. Those that locate in the enginal region may lead to elephantiasis of the scrotum, or of the extremities. In some cases, both. More than 10 percent of those infected will eventually develop the gross abnormalities associated with chronic pyloriases. Two species of pilarioid parasites, wukararia bancrofti, and brugia melei cause pyloriases in man. Pyloriases occurs throughout many of the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Wukararia bancrofti, the most common species causing pyloriases, has two forms. The nocturnal periodic form, in which microphillary are present in the blood in highest concentration at night, and the sub-pyriotic form, in which microphillary are present throughout the day and night, with only a slight rise and fall in numbers in the peripheral blood. The reasons for this variation are not understood. The periodic, or classic form, has the broadest distribution, although endemic localities are often small and separated from each other. In the western hemisphere, pyloriases occurs in the West Indies, El Salvador, Panama, and across the northern coast of South America. In Brazil, the prevalence is high at the mouth of the Amazon. Numerous pockets are found through the Amazon basin. It occurs also in separated foci along the eastern coast, to the southern tip of Brazil. In Europe, it occurs only in southern Spain. In Africa, it is found in Egypt, in several areas across North Africa, and along the West Coast. It extends across tropical Africa to the Republic of Malagasy. In the Middle East, pyloriases has been found in Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, mostly in immigrants. In Asia, Wukararia-Bancrofty is present in South Korea, Japan, Formosa, Eastern China, Vietnam, Cambodia, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaya, Indonesia, and New Guinea. It occurs also in Burma, Ceylon, and India. The sub-periodic form is limited to an area south of a line between the Gilbert and Ellis Island, and east of the 170-degree line of longitude. Below the 20-degree line of latitude, the line turns westward to include New Caledonia and the Royalty Islands. Rugea-Malayai is limited to Asia. It has been found in the Japanese islands south of Tokyo, in southern Korea, eastern China, Vietnam. The island of the East Coast, Vietnam. The island of Palawan in the Philippines, the Celebes, and adjacent islands west of New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, southern Thailand, and India. Pyloriases in India due to Wukararia-Bancrofty is widely distributed. Pyloriases due to Brugea-Malayai also occurs, and in some localities its occurrence overlaps that of Wukararia-Bancrofty. Calcutta is one focal point for research on Pyloriases in India. Here in the School of Tropical Medicine and in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, the patients, doctors, and researchers combine to provide a large body of knowledge for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Pyloriases. The raw material for this research can be found throughout the country. Ponds, streams, irrigation ditches, and drainage canals all provide an available source of water where female mosquitoes can lay their eggs. Mosquitoes of the genera-culex and anopheles transmitting the periodic form of the disease live in association with man's habitation. The adult mosquitoes rest during the day in houses, barns, and shelters of various types. Mosquito larvae can be readily collected in the immediate vicinity. The transmission of the periodic form of Pyloriases usually occurs in areas where people are concentrated, such as villages and towns. Infection usually occurs within buildings and at night. Surface water plants such as water hyacinth and pistia offer a source of oxygen for mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia. Adults of this genus act as the intermediate host for the brugia meleae. The Mansonia involved are nocturnal, wild species that will feed during the day in deep shade. Occasionally, mosquitoes enter houses to feed, but seldom rest there during the daylight hours. Infection with brugia meleae is essentially a disease of rural areas, probably because of the habits of the mosquitoes involved in transmission and involvement of animal reservoirs. In order to determine medical problems in India, survey teams are sent into rural areas. There, teams conduct a village census, perform physical examinations, and specific clinical laboratory tests on the villagers. In many areas of India, Pyloriases is one of the major disease problems. Continuous infection leading to chronic Pyloriases and the resulting physical abnormalities interferes with the economic and social life of a community. The clinical manifestations of Pyloriases are not specific, but require differential diagnosis. In the periodic form of Pyloriases, blood samples must be taken at night to detect early cases with circulating micropholaries. Specimens collected in the rural areas are returned to central laboratories. For example, teams from the School of Tropical Medicine in Calcutta return specimens to the laboratory. Here, mosquitoes collected in the field are dissected and infection is often found in female mosquitoes, collected in highly endemic areas, and micropholarie are frequently observed in blood samples from asymptomatic patients. With the bite of the mosquito, the third stage infective parasites escape from the proboscis and enter the tissues of the host. Most of these juveniles die within the first few days after infection. By the end of 72 to 96 hours, only about 20% remain. The worms seek the lymphatics, where they have a better opportunity for survival. Probably another 10% die during the next six to eight weeks. Developing parasites reach maturity in approximately three months. Copulation then occurs between male and female worms, and the female begins extruding micropholarie five months or more after the initial infection. The number of circulating micropholarie rises with their continued extrusion by the female worm. Between five and 10% of the worms invading the host become gravid females, producing micropholarie. Females may continue to produce micropholarie for up to three years. After the death of the adult female parasite, the micropholarie may live as long as six months. Antibodies are continually being produced against the micropholarie that die. Repeated exposure to infective mosquitoes in endemic areas results in superinfection, with the continual repetition of this sequence of events. Clinical symptoms are usually associated with repeated exposure superimposed on an existing infection in a sensitized individual. The serious pathologic effects of human filariasis are associated primarily with the blockage and destruction of the lymphatics. After infection, the worms migrate through the tissues and eventually come to rest in the lymphatics and their walls. During the growth and development of the parasite, histologic changes occurring in the lymph nodes are limited to the formation of a thin fibrous capsule surrounding the worm. The parasite itself is not affected, and few inflammatory cells are present. In cases where parasites live for long periods at a particular site, the fibrotic capsule becomes greatly enlarged, possibly as a result of host reactions to excretions and secretions from the worm, and micropholarie that die in the surrounding tissues. These parasites and their products cause the formation of this small painless nodule associated with the right testis. In cases where worms die soon after reaching maturity, there is a marked inflammatory reaction in the associated tissues, characterized by neutrophils, giant cells, and frequently eosinophils. As the reaction continues, the entire area within the fibrotic capsule becomes involved, including the parasite itself. The lymphangitis becomes chronic, soluble substances seep into the surrounding tissues, and the inflammatory reaction is expanded. The parasite itself is slowly digested by the phagocytic cells.  The chronic reaction continues until all of the material originating from the parasite has been removed from the tissue. If the process of inflammation is repeated, the lymphatic vessels become tortuous, fibrotic, and finally fail to function. The chronic signs of filariasis then gradually become evident. During this late chronic stage of the disease, micropholarie are rarely seen in the blood. Gravid female worms produce micropholarie that are released in the tissue and eventually find their way into the blood circulatory system. In many cases of filariasis, micropholarie circulate in the blood without producing any pathologic effect. The earliest symptoms observed are allergic manifestations, probably in response to soluble products of dying and degenerating immature parasites, metabolic products of the growing worm, or dead micropholarie after a prior sensitization of the patient. In Calcutta, at the hospital for tropical diseases, clinics have been set up especially for patients with filariasis. Because of the nature of the disease, clinics for men and women are arranged on separate days. Among these patients are cases varying from the earliest clinical manifestation to the more chronic cases of lymphadenopathy, lymphedema, and elephantiasis. New patients suspected of having filariasis are held at the clinic until late evening when circulating micropholarie are more likely to be found in the blood. The first signs and symptoms are either unilateral or bilateral lymphadenopathy or lymphagitis with tender lumps and red streaks in the lymphatics, usually running from a lesion down the extremities. In this particular case, streaking runs from the thigh to the upper surface of the foot. Recurrent attacks of lymphagitis result in endothelial proliferation and inflammatory thickening of the lymphatic vessels. In rare instances, adult parasites come to rest in the superficial lymphatics. In this case, swelling produced pressure on the ulnar nerve. The resulting pain prevented full extension of the arm. Lymphadenopathy alone may be observed in some cases. This may be accompanied by numbness and weakness in the arms and legs, especially at night after physical exertion. Repeated attacks of transient lymphagitis and lymphadenitis last from three days to two weeks, which relapses every few weeks. Lymphadenopathy is extremely painful and is usually the first symptom to bring patients to the physician. Normal lymph flow takes place through delicate vessels which drain into major lymphatic networks. Finally, to reach thoracic ducts. And then into the blood circulatory system. Lymphedema begins when blockage of the lymphatics is sufficient to cause lymphstasis. This patient has early lymphedema of the right arm and the left leg. Not only is the normal lymph flow prevented, but continual lymphedema causes inflammation and proliferation of fibrotic connected tissues. In some cases, the upper extremities are involved. And lymphedema of the hands and arms appears. Initially, this lymphedema is pitting, but as progressive proliferation of the connected tissues continues, it eventually becomes non-pitting. When the iliac lymph nodes of the enginal region are blocked, as shown in this lymphogram, severe lymphedema of the lower extremities occurs. This may be unilateral or bilateral. Upper extremities as well may be involved in the same patient. Long-standing cases of lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, and lymphedema result in the late grotesque stages of elephantiasis. In patients infected with Brugge MLAI, as in this nine-year-old girl, elephantiasis rarely occurs above the knee. Both legs are involved with the left leg showing typical elephantoid skin. In patients with elephantiasis, even minor injury may result in severe scarring and chiloate formation. This results from poor circulation in the elephantoid limb. The blocking of the superficial iliac lymphatics results in accumulation of the lymph in the scrotal sac or labia and eventually causes elephantiasis. In females, elephantiasis of the labia is frequent, often with the formation of vesicles.   The scrotal sac and contents become thickened. Removal of lymph nodes in the inguinal region may result in distortion of the penis and the scrotum and occasionally produces adenol lymphoceles. In this case, they are bilateral. Long-standing lymphedema frequently involves the scrotal sac and the spermatic cord and gradually produces elephantiasis. Secondary infection of the superficial tissues also may accompany this condition. In some cases, lymphangiovarices develop with the formation of vesicles. In older cases, vesicles may be very pronounced. Two types of inguinal involvement may occur, elephantiasis and hydrosil. Thickening of the scrotal sac and its contents has result of long-standing lymph accumulation and low-grade inflammation of the tissues leads to elephantiasis. Elephantiasis may be the end result of scrotal involvement. In this case, the affected part becomes enormously enlarged, representing a solid tumor-like mass. Hydrosil, on the other hand, is a more acute process related to the obstruction of lymphatics as a result of which free fluid and not lymph, per se, collects within the space around the testes. This patient presented with painful bilateral scrotal masses involving each hemiscrotal. In such cases as these, surgical correction is indicated. The procedure is relatively simple and generally leads to permanent relief. Not only does the operation lead to an improvement in physical status, it affects also the patient's psyche since the enlarged scrotum has unfavorable social implications. The fluid usually removed from the hydrosil is clear and straw-colored, although sometimes vessels rupture within the hydrosil and the fluid is bloody. In this case, rupture of the vessels probably occurred during operation. Sometimes removal of hydrosil fluid by syringe is practiced. This procedure should be avoided since it often leads to secondary infection and it may also result in the puncture of a herniated bowel. In any event, it offers only temporary relief. Some cases present with elephantiasis of the limbs and scrotal sac along with hydrosil. As blockage of the lymphatics increases, total obliteration of the lymphatic vessels may occur. In these late stages of filariasis, microfilaree are rarely seen in the blood and diagnosis must be made on a clinical basis. Individuals may become infected when the third stage juveniles migrate from the labium of the mosquito into the tissues of the host at the time the infective mosquito feeds. The surviving parasites eventually reach the lymphatics, generally coming to rest in the capsule of lymph nodes. Here, they grow to maturity and copulate. Shortly after copulation, females become grabbing and begin extruding microfilaree into the lymph spaces. These microfilaree eventually reach the circulatory system. The clinical disease is usually initiated with the death of the immature or adult parasites. Individuals become hypersensitive with continued exposure. Lymphangitis and lymphatiditis are followed by lymphedema. Continuous exposure to the toxic products of dying worms may eventually result in elephantiasis. This is a disease for which there are no satisfactory control measures, no effective prophylactic drugs, and no chemotherapeutic agents to eliminate the parasites and affect the cure. Continued and expanded research is necessary to achieve control of the infection in man. This may be accomplished through specific therapy for individuals having filariasis, effective diagnosis of the disease in the early stages before irreversible changes have occurred, and prevention of the disease through effective control of the vector.


Hello and welcome. I'm Lynne Fries, producer of Global Political Economy, or GPE, NewsDocs. In this segment, guest Lauren Gabrielle will discuss the new public eye investigative report that puts the crucial role of pollination and the global threat to biodiversity and food security posed by bee-killing pesticides in the spotlight. A report that for the first time reveals the full scale of the European Union export trade in bee-killing pesticides. The report chats light on the double standard that's been at play as the EU continues to export huge quantities of this pesticide despite having banned the use of these chemicals in their own fields. Our guest Lauren Gabrielle joins us from Public Eye in Lausanne, where he's an agriculture and food expert on the research and policy team. Public Eye is a Swiss not-for-profit organization with a long-standing record of fighting against injustice that has a significant link to Switzerland. Welcome, Lauren. Hello. So Lauren, we'll be talking about key findings of this new Public Eye report. Start briefly by first telling us something about Public Eye and also your own area of expertise on the research and policy team. From there, the collaboration between Public Eye and Unearthed in investigating Europe's export trade in banned pesticides, which I understand this report is the most recent collaboration. Yes, indeed. So you summarized it pretty well. Public Eye is a Swiss NGO acting as a watchdog, looking at what Swiss multinational companies and in general Swiss politics are doing abroad, mainly in poor countries of the global south. So we look at all the sectors, the economic sectors that are key in Switzerland such as the banking sector, the trading sector, the pharmaceutical companies and pesticides because in Switzerland we have the number one in the market, which is called Syngenta. So this is the reason why we are interested in the topic of pesticides. It's because in Switzerland we have the number one on the market. So I'm the food and agriculture expert at Public Eye dealing with this topic of pesticides, looking at Syngenta and its activities in developing countries. We've been looking now for several years at the topic of banned pesticides being sold or being sold abroad by Swiss companies or banned pesticides being exported from Switzerland or the European Union to poor countries. This new investigation on the export of banned neonicotinates from Europe is the latest in a series of investigations that we've done as a collaboration with Unearthed, which is the investigative unit of Greenpeace UK, looking at the export of banned pesticides from Europe. So this banned pesticide that we're talking about, I understand, is chemically related to nicotine and you get a clue of that from the name. Is that right? Completely right, yeah. It's from the same family. So we're talking about neonicotinates derived from the same family as nicotine, but in this case developed to act as insecticides to protect crops. This new investigation has for the first time revealed the full scale of the European Union's export trade in nicotinoids or neonics for short. Start by talking about what's been called out as a double standard in this EU export trade of these neonics and from there we'll get into some key findings of your investigation. This case of the neonics is really the strongest example of the double standard at play when it comes to regulating dangerous pesticides in the EU. Those insecticides were banned from all outdoor users in the Union in 2018 and then they were finally taken out of the market in 2020 because of the danger they pose to pollinators and bees. There was like a huge evidence of the well-being evidence of the impact that they can have on bees and pollinators. So the European Union decided to take them out of the market a few years ago already, but they keep allowing companies to produce those chemicals in Europe to export them to certain countries. So really the classical example of this double standard were you ban a dangerous pesticides in your own country because you consider it too dangerous but you keep exporting it to other countries. That's the double standard at play but I was saying this is the strongest example of this double standard because in this specific case of the Neonicotinates the European Commission considered them such a threat to pollinators worldwide and to food security that they even decided to act on the import of food made with those chemicals. So in February this year the European Commission decided to ban to lower down to zero the residue limit for Neonicotinates in food and what does that mean? It means basically that you're not allowed anymore to export to the European Union foods that contain residue of Neonicotinates and the European Commission in its own decision to ban those residue said that there's a big problem with the decline of pollinators worldwide that the decline of pollinators represents a threat to food security because they are pollinating crops and that there's large evidence that Neonicotinates play a key role in the decline of bees and pollinators worldwide and so the European Union needs to take action and it's not enough to ban those pesticides in the Union but the European Union the threat is so big that the Union needs also to act on the import to make sure that no food that is consumed in the European Union was made with those beckoning pesticides so that was quite a strong decision that was made by the European Commission in February this year showing it shows you how big of a threat the Commission those Neonics represent in the view of the Commission but at the same time what we are showing in this investigation is that the European Union keeps exporting those pesticides to third countries so they ban the use of those pesticides in the Union to protect bees they even ban the import of foods made with those pesticides to protect bees and pollinators but they keep allowing the export from the European Union to other countries so what kind of volume are we talking about here and what companies and countries have you identified as involved in this EU export of banned beckoning pesticides so here what we found is that in 2021 the European Union approved the export of more than 13,000 tons of banned Neonicotinates to give you an idea of what this represents this is massive it amounts about to 15 to 20% of the global use of those chemicals so the amount that was exported from the EU in 2021 represents about 15 to 20% of the global use of those chemicals so what are the key companies what we found is that yeah you have a number of companies involved but this one single company that alone account for more than 80% of the exports and this company is a syngenta Swiss based syngenta but you have also a number of other companies like Bayer, BSF and smaller or medium-sized company like Goan, FMC, NuFarm, UPL, Beluga and others so we're talking about a dozen of companies that are shipping banned Neonix from the European Union in terms of countries exporting countries it's basically from everywhere we could identify certain countries certain different countries members of the European Union that have notified exports of banned Neonix in 2021 now I'm saying certain countries but there's a small number of countries again that are responsible for most of the exports Belgium is the number one exporter followed by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Spain and together those five countries they amount for the vast majority of the volumes coming out of the Union in 2021. In terms of EU exporting countries as you say five countries exported the vast bulk of banned Neonix so on the import side where did these EU exports go? What we found is that the vast majority of those exports were going to low or middle-income countries such as Brazil, Ukraine, Indonesia, South Africa, Argentina but also a number of African countries. Talk about the case of Brazil as an importing country at the receiving end of these EU exports. Well Brazil was the main destination of the EU exports of banned pesticides in fact Brazil alone received about half of the volumes exported from the EU more than 6,000 tons of banned Neonix were exported by the EU to Brazil in 2021 in fact the vast majority of those 6,000 tons were one single export made by Sinjenta from Belgium of a product called NGO Pleno S and just to give you an idea what this represents this 6,000 tons represent enough to spray the entire area of New Zealand. It also it's also enough to spray seven to ten times the entire surface of Belgium so it's huge we're talking about huge amounts. Those Neonix were banned in Europe considered too dangerous here right so it is in our view wrong to send them abroad but in this case there is two aggravating factors and the aggravating factor is that we're shipping it to low and middle-income countries where we know the regulations are weaker and the risks will be higher right so the risk of pollinators and bees dying because of exposure to Neonix will be even higher in those countries like Brazil, Argentina or South Africa or Ghana than in the EU and another aggravating factor is that those countries are also home to some of the largest amount of biodiversity so we're talking about countries that are mega diverse I think that's the that's the that's the word they're using we're talking about mega diverse countries that have a lot of insects of pollinating insects or bees a variety of bees and that makes them more sensitive that makes them more vulnerable and so the impact in those countries will be much higher no so just to summarize again two aggravating factors one the countries to which the EU is exporting those pesticides have weaker regulation weaker control measures in place and the risks will be higher but second those are countries that are like main reservoir of biodiversity on earth like Brazil which is home of more than 20% of the world biodiversity so shipping shipping bee killing pesticides in those in in those countries really irresponsible so how are people in the importing countries responding to your findings given this is the first time the full scale and extent of EU exports of ban neonics and where they're going has been made public we've contacted beekeepers and campaigners in in importing countries to to get the view to see what they were thinking about those findings that the EU keeps exporting those ban neonics and they were quite shocked because the EU has this reputation of of of being a leading player when it comes to chemical safety the EU says that it wants to lead by example globally and it is believed to be the global standard when it comes to chemical regulation globally so there's a sense of hypocrisy also double standard that the EU is shipping to their countries pesticides that the EU knows will kill bees when we talk to beekeepers in Argentina in Argentina there's really a serious problem with the decline of pollinators and bees it seems they've lost about 30% of their bees in the past decade so that it's really massive that you have a number of cases of millions of bee dying in several parts of the countries and they've been able to link those cases most of the cases at least with the use of neonics right in the country and so when we asked the the society for beekeepers in Argentina what they were thinking about the findings of our research they were quite shocked by the fact that the EU was involved in the the massive decline of pollinators that they're facing in Argentina they said that neonics represent a very serious threat to their food security and they called the EU to immediately stop the export of those hazardous chemicals so most of the NGOs and experts that we've interviewed in South Africa or Argentina or Brazil they call this a double standard and they call this an irresponsible practice from the EU and they hope that you will take the lead in that regard and stop those exports I just briefly refer to the map of Europe provided in the report and in that map the 13 EU countries you identified as exporting banned neonica to noids in 2021 are indicated by a color coding of pink and to recap your earlier comment five of those countries were responsible for most neonics exported in 2021 from the EU Belgium was the number one exporting country followed by France the Netherlands Germany and Spain and as you noted one single export made by Sinjenta from Belgium was big enough to cover the surface of New Zealand talk more about what your investigation of EU exports of neonics reveals about Sinjenta as we know from your opening comments pesticides are an important topic at public eye because Sinjenta is headquartered in Switzerland and since Switzerland is not a member state of the European Union we should note that like other non-EU countries Switzerland as an exporter or non-exporter of neonics is not covered in this study and so as a non-EU country Switzerland is color coded gray in in this map okay yeah Switzerland is indeed is in gray in the in this map because it's not an EU member but also because in the in Switzerland in fact neonic grenades are not yet subject to this regulation on the export of banned pesticides so basically companies can export neonics from Switzerland freely without even notifying the importing country but yes the investigation was really focused on the EU as a group on the EU's export of banned neonics we mentioned before that Sinjenta is the leading company exporting from Europe it alone is exported more than 80% of all the volumes and what's more we are speaking only about the EU exports here Sinjenta has a lot of factories in many many European countries in which they manufacture either the neonics themselves or products based on the neonics and Sinjenta is nearly exclusively shipping one specific neonic which is called time at oxham and again the company alone amount for account for more than 80% of the volumes but what I want to say is that in fact those numbers might well be an under estimate of the real Sinjenta exports of banned neonics from Europe because it doesn't include exports from Switzerland which might play a leading role in this trade but we have no clue about the exact scale and extent of those exports because neonics are not yet subject to the peak regulation in Switzerland explain how prior informed consent or pick regulation works so that we can all understand why you were able to analyze neonics that were produced and exported by Sinjenta's EU based factories like its EU subsidiary in Belgium but not by Sinjenta Switzerland so start how pick regulation works in the European Union and then we can get into the point that neonics are not yet subject to pick regulation in Switzerland so what happens in the European Union but also in Switzerland is that when pesticide is judged too dangerous for use in its own territory the chemical will be banned right but the band will only apply to the use in the European Union and companies remain free to produce the chemical for export right but in that situation there is a piece of legislation called the pick regulation which is the prior informed consent regulation this is the regulation implementing the Rotterdam Convention in the European Union and under this regulation places some obligation on companies wanting to export banned chemicals abroad right it doesn't apply only to pesticides but it applies in general to hazardous chemicals that have been banned in the European Union or in Switzerland so if a company wants to export a pesticide that has been banned in the European Union it can do so but it needs to find a formula which is called an export notification in which it will basically indicate the name of the countries to which it is shipping those pesticides the volumes but also the intended use that will be made of those chemicals and those notifications are then sent by the company to the country to the government in the Union who will transmit those documents to the important country and the idea behind the system is that countries abroad are informed about the export of dangerous pesticide or dangerous chemicals to their country so that that's really the the reasoning behind this legislation is that at the minimum countries need to be informed so those exports have remained secrets for a long time because there is no public data allowing someone to just trace those exports see the volumes at stake and where they're going so last year with together with unearthed which is the investigative unit of Greenpeace UK what we did was to send requests freedom of information requests to the European Chemical Agency but also to several national governments requesting basically all the export notifications that was sent in 2021 for export of one of those three neonicotinates that were banned in the EU and it took us several months to get all of those documents because you have hundreds of them and each time the regulator need to get the consent of the company before releasing the data at least they need to consult them and allow them sufficient time to reply so that is why it takes such a long time but after several months of work we were able to obtain all the export notification for one single year 21 for those banned neonics and what we did then was to analyze the notification one by one and keep only those exports for use in agriculture in those countries because we have to be aware that pesticides can have multiple use one is the most famous one which is crop protection plant protection agriculture but pesticides can also be used in other contexts such as vector control for malaria control or for example as a color for dogs or bioscience okay and those users might be still allowed in the EU so what we had to do as a second step was to basically identified those notification in which the intended use was crop protection and after several months of work we were able for the first time to reveal the full scale of one year of exports of banned neonics from the EU that then explains the long story behind the source credited on maps you produce that source being to quote public eye and unearthed analysis of data submitted to the European Chemical Agency in 2021 you've yet to do an equivalent analysis on Swiss exports of neonic so explain that yeah so Switzerland has banned the use of the neonics but what they haven't done is to list the neonics in the export regulation in the regulation dealing with the export of hazardous chemicals and as neonics are not listed in that regulation they're not subject to the regulation and therefore they can be exported without any control from Switzerland so we have basically no clue what's coming out of Switzerland and it's possible that Switzerland plays a key role in this trade since Jenta has in Switzerland one of its biggest factory in the world in Monta and we know that they are making neonics in Monta but we have no clue about the the scale and the volumes that go out of Monta because basically the list of chemicals subject to a the export regulation in Switzerland is outdated the last time it was updated was three years ago and so all of the pesticides that were banned in the last four years have not yet been listed in this regulation and can still be exported freely out of Switzerland okay in Europe that's the mechanism now that's how it works in the EU you have a regulation as well dealing with the export of hazardous chemicals this is the peak regulation but if you want a chemical to be subject to that regulation you need to include it in the list of chemical subject to the regulation right and in the EU this is done every year quite well quite mechanically so every year basically what they do is they take all the pesticides and other chemicals that were banned during the the last 12 months and they include them in the list of chemicals subject to the peak regulation in Switzerland we have a problem at that in that regard which is that the update of the list is not being done every year as in the EU but it's been done every four five or even six years meaning that during all this period of time the pesticides can still be exported without any control the obligation for companies to send export notification applies only the chemical is listed in the peak regulation and you need to list it but if you don't do that then the chemical can still freely be exported in Switzerland what they told us is that they are planning to update the list soon but soon in Swiss times no meaning that they plan to release a draft update for the end of this year that would come into force in 2025 so what that means is that during the next two years companies will be able to keep exporting freely those chemicals from Switzerland without any control and without even needing to notify those exports to the Swiss government we know that a number of other countries are in the world also exporting those nonics like the USA China or even India but we don't have any data because in order to get the data you need to have this regulation in place which is in place in the European Union and that's a positive thing that the European Union has this legislation in place that at least put some minimum obligation on company wanting to export because it enable us to to get the data huh if you don't have this obligation then company do not need to set export notification and then you don't get to see the volumes that go out of the countries so with this investigation we are not saying that the EU is the only bad guy in the world is the only exporter of banned neonics no there's a number of countries that play a leading role in this trade including probably Switzerland but the EU is the only region for which we were able to get strong and comprehensive data for one single year having said that it's a positive thing the EU has this legislation in place for the reasons you stated explain why in your view this is not enough in our view this does does not go far enough of course it's the first interesting step to inform the country I'd say it's a it's the minimum no it's a it's a it's a pesticide that was banned in the European Union so at the minimum you inform the country that you are exporting to its territory that's that's to me the minimum but it's not enough because what we are seeing is that in fact it's a mechanism that allows the export under certain conditions and those chemicals that were considered too dangerous for use in the Union they will provoke in those countries the same harm that they have provoked in the European Union so in our view there should be no such system because if the EU considers those chemicals too dangerous for use in the Union they should not ship them outside because they know they are aware of the risk and they are aware of the fact that those risks are not manageable in fact whatever you do they're not manageable and that's the reason why they were taken out of the market in the European Union so being aware of those risk and being being aware of the fact that in fact whatever the capacities the control measures the resource that you put in place you will not be able to mitigate those risks and ensure that the pesticides can be safely used if you're aware of this you should just stop the export so what's the state of play at the European Commission on all this the current practice is to inform countries right and that's the defense that the European Commission used to have and also that many companies exporting companies use no they are basically saying oh but we provide them the information and they are sovereign countries and they have the right to decide what they want to import or what they want to use in their countries the mood has changed a lot in the EU because governments and the European Commission used to hide behind this argument that we are providing information to those countries and the sovereign countries that have a right to decide what they want to use and import right but that has changed a lot and I think partly because of the scandal that those that past investigation have created in EU because I think EU citizens just do not accept this practice and people in importing countries don't accept this double standard so the European Commission has committed to end this practice this came this commitment came in 2020 in October in the chemical strategy they said that they want to come up with a proposal to prohibit this practice of companies exporting abroad chemicals that are banned in the EU so that was really a good step that was made in 2020 by the Commission the European Commission has said that it would come up until the end of this year 2023 with a proposal to ban those exports and in fact the Commission has just launched public consultation and impact assessment to identify different scenarios for this export ban and we expect the Commission to publish a proposal in autumn this year as these public consultations and impact assessments are underway what in your view are some key things to bear in mind and assessing the impact of an EU export ban on new nix first from the perspective of the exporting country so the EU and let's take the impact on jobs in the economy in Europe which will be a big topic what are some of your thoughts there what we have seen is that in fact the impact of an export ban in Europe on employment and on the economy will be pretty limited and there's one main piece of evidence for that which is the the French export ban so France has an export ban for banned pesticides which is in place since last year it came into force in January 22 and we did an investigation last year to look at the impact of this export ban the export ban managed to stop most of the exports although some exports are still taking place because of two loopholes in the export ban but I'd say that about three-quarter of the volumes that were previously exported from France were not longer exported last year right so the export ban had an impact in France now there was a study looking at the impact on employment and jobs and in fact during the hot phase when the French export ban was discussed the industry released very exaggerated figures about the impact that this would have on employment speaking about icing 2700 jobs that would be at risk if France would ban the export of banned pesticides and then one year later one investigative journalist took a look at the impact and found absolutely no impact no evidence of any job that was lost because of the French export ban and a group of NGOs now filed a complaint to the Senate to the French Senate and the French Senate said send them how you call that a warning to the pesticide industry in France recognizing that in fact the numbers that were provided by the industry were very exaggerated so that is basically the same strategy that the industry now is using at the EU level there they are exaggerating a lot the potential impact of this export ban could have on the industry providing huge figures for the number of jobs that are at risk and from the perspective of the importing countries what's your assessment on how big an impact an EU export ban on the impacts would be there the impact in importing countries will be quite large in fact because the EU is one of the main producing place for chemicals around the world and the EU is even one of the main pesticide exporter around the world so if you change the rules here this will have quite some impact in those countries of course you could argue that those countries will still be free to buy from somewhere else right but it gives a strong signal right and it gives a strong signal a political signal that all the countries will follow and ultimately those chemicals will be hopefully taken out of the market globally right it's a first step so not pretending that we are going to resolve all the problems with this export ban right it's a first step but it's the first very important step it's about getting things right doing things in an ethical manner leading by example leading by example that is this is what the EU wants to do lead by example and then lead other countries to follow its own example and ultimately this will be very beneficial for the environment and human health globally and concluding thought the findings of this investigation are very serious because we are facing a mass extinction of insects globally really a massive decline of insects and pollinators that the food an agricultural organization has called a massive threat to food security because two-thirds of the world food crops are pollinated by bees and other insects so it's not just about bees or insects but it's about food security and food production and we're facing this massive wave of extinction and we know that one of the key factor behind this decline are neonics. Lauren Gabriel thank you. Thank you. And from Geneva Switzerland thank you for viewing this segment of GPE News Docs with guest Lauren Gabriel discussing public eyes 2023 investigative report on EU exports of banned bee killing pesticides. The report published by Public Eye in collaboration with Unearth was published May 17th and is available online at www.publiceye.ch


We wanted to get the outstanding criminologist in the United States and bring him in here and try to make this a model of law enforcement. I got upset, particularly, when this Sunday I looked at Colorado's girl, then your girl got robbed. And I just think it's about her age at the Capitol, and I'm sure her daughter came to come in without having to have thugs to her. So I told him and sent word and asked if I'd be notified. To write it, he was a little upset. He said that's his prerogative, although I'd reappointed him. They didn't tell me about it. I didn't know anything about it. But said he would. He checked with each one of the southern boys on the district committee that they dominate both of them about this new man. But he claimed that he thought that that man had notified Bobby and Bobby wasn't there anymore, so he didn't notify Kaston back. And he claimed he forgot that we had asked him to do it, although he was irritated enough to cuss another out when we told him. Now, Duncan finds him very unacceptable and was against him. Your man didn't know much about it, just went along. He's a foul guy. The writers try to slip it over. We're informed that two weeks ago this fellow's daughter was caught with the purse linked in town. And they started prosecuting. The district called up, the police did. This fellow, I told him that he wouldn't present any evidence. And so Atchison was forced to dismiss the case. Now, we don't want any national problems in the police department of the capital like we've had in some of these other ones. Now, Kaston back is writing a letter, I think, and he's out of town now, which you might check with him, gets back to the chairman, the board, to write her saying, and we want this regarded as probationary. We hope it'll be treated on this temporary. I doubt we haven't legal jurisdiction either, he or I. But he's asking that. And when that letter comes up for consideration, we think that Duncan and Duke ought to say, in the view of the fact that we have responsibility for federal establishments in the capital. And the attorney general has these problems. We have these problems as a matter of the door to be cooperatively handled and have some person that's satisfactory that's outstanding. And if the FBI report shows any of these things have been alleged happening, we don't want to get ourselves in the jam of having that kind of color running. And I thought I'll tell you and let you talk to Kaston back and see what the story is and talk with your man and I think it's something you have to be scared about. Look at his background, see who he is, what kind of fellow he is, who talks to him and who he works with over there and so on and so forth.  But I don't think we ought to have this capital in charge of a corrupt man. I'll talk to that as soon as he gets back and work on it. Thank you, brother.


This is the VOA Special English Health Report. Bad teeth can be painful, and worse, they can even be deadly. Infections of the gums and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chances of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. Old adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, in 2007, doctors in the Washington area said a boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain. They said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed. He was 12 years old. Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding.  Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle.  When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel, the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes or cavities from forming. But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully supervised when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste the size of a pee should be used.  Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. The American Academy of Family Physicians says most children stop sucking their thumb by the age of four. If it continues, the group advises parents to talk to their child's dentist or doctor. It could interfere with the correct development of permanent teeth. Children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear, usually at around six months. For VOA Special English, I'm Alex Villareal. You can learn English and much more at voaspecialenglish.com and the VOA Learning English page on Facebook.


so this is actually the first day that it's been kind of cool outside it feels amazing it's actually overcast as you guys can tell there's a bunch of clouds outside I was just walking down to the pond just to kind of see it because I haven't fished out here in a minute and it's so beautiful man so beautiful I kind of want to start putting the cat kayaks back in here if you guys want to see that let me know in the comment section below I feel like every time I do that not many people watch it therefore I feel like people don't want to see that so if you guys want to see me throw the yak in this place as you guys know it's fairly big you know it goes around that corner there's a whole another pocket and there's a whole another huge pocket back over there let me know in the comment section below I also want to start putting baitfish in here like I want to go to there's this little like gas station tackle shop down the street and they sell a ton of live bait and I've been wanting to go there and get a bunch of live bait and start like releasing some live bait right here at the bank and see if I can start attracting bass I could start feeding them I feel like that just be really cool I mean my house is literally right here like I'm living on the water so why not like start feeding the bass man I feel like that'd be cool you guys want to see that that freaking like button by the way if you guys new to the channel man hit that freaking subscribe button hit the like button comment below some video suggestions some stuff that you guys want today we're keeping a very basic we're gonna be searching for some big giant big fat bass on some big worms today so let's go ahead and bring up some rods and then we're gonna be going to the place to try to catch some big fish I haven't been in this place in quite some time so it's gonna be very interesting but let's go ahead and start rigging up our rods so this is actually what I have on so far I got a little rat got the old swanky man the swanky old swanky man and then a shaky head we're gonna cut all these all actually that we're probably keeping the Schwanky on I love that in the rat you know it's probably just gonna stay on the braided rod I don't know if I'm gonna do much with that but we will cut off the shaky head all right so I'm actually taking you guys on a little journey today man we're gonna be vlogging kind of the whole deal that we're doing today and I just talking about you know how I'm catching the fish whatever because we are going to catch a big bass today I've done way too many and I didn't do too many I've done a few challenge videos in the last like two weeks I got irritated it's ready for me to catch some big fish I think it is the time is due for me to film a big bass video okay what do I need I forgot my scissors alrighty man alrighty well so I told you guys we're keeping the Schwanky on today and I think it's just freaking awesome if you guys are wondering you're like no why the heck are you throwing like a crawfish pattern like a red this time of year if you want like a solid answer I really don't know man I I found this crankbait in my box when I ordered when I placed my order for six cents I ordered two of them and they were both in the same color and that's all I had so when I used it I started whacking them on it and they just eating it man so you know this time of year usually I want to throw this color but I talked about it in a recent video you kind of want to throw stuff that people aren't throwing so you know when you run into something like you don't always have to follow the fishing textbook I feel like people do that way too much like no why are you doing this why are you doing that why did I make my own rules man you don't have followed the fishing textbook dog the people who follow the fishing textbook are usually sometimes the people that ain't catching them I'm just saying you got try new things so at the end of the day throw stuff that people weren't throwing no one's throwing this color right now man and I it is has been doing the trick for me so I want to keep it going if you guys are wondering why I just retied that I had like a little fray in my line and before we go trying to hook a big fish gotta make sure we tie that if you guys are wondering about the big warning I'm throwing this is a big old monster right there as you guys can tell this is in a plum color and we're gonna be tying this bad boy up where is my weight here it is so a little bullet weight right there and a 4 I EWG hook gonna be keep it very basic we're gonna cut off the shaky head tie this bad boy on we don't want to keep it basic here guys we could be we could keep it basic we get through the old shaky head but guess what we want to catch a big bass today son is bright man by the way you guys want to check out the merch I'll leave the link down below really supports me I really appreciate it matter of fact matter of fact we're doing it I told myself I was gonna do this and we're doing it right now whoever ordered clothing last video you guys ready shout out to Andrew Clark John Blankenship Michael Taylor Corey Alexa Spooner how do I want to I want to butcher some people's last name so I apologize for that Julian Aaron Katie John Matt Anthony Zachary John Hannah and Chad shout out to you guys man thank you guys so much for supporting KTV TV and purchasing some merch online I really appreciate that that is something that's gonna start coming into the videos so if you guys do want to check it out be sure to do that below but anyone who purchases some stuff I'm gonna start shouting you guys out I can't shout out every single person but I will go on there and shout out 5 to 10 people every video that has to become a thing and we're gonna finish up tying on and go catch some big fish all right so here are two weapons today as you guys can tell by the title that's our giant worm that we're throwing I believe that's an 11 inch worm and then we get the old Schwanky okay the Schwanky 10% off link below pliers we're gonna put those in our pocket shaky head you're gonna go back in my truck and all right we're about to take these bad boys out to the location oh yeah a lot of people have been commenting about hey Noah we want to see you on the boat and guess what there's actually one person that really wants to see no on the boat more than anybody that's me man I really want to get on the boat so freakin bad and I've actually already paid two boat payments and I still don't have my boat man and you guys are probably saying no why like we're confused and I'm finally gonna answer this I'm getting the graphs put on right now not only am I getting the graphs put on but I'm getting a bunch of other little things that need to be done to the boat out of the way because the boat is actually in Atlanta right now I live in Savannah at least I'm down here when I'm in college so I'm gonna be going back up there I'm praying in the next week these grass have been on back ordered one of the grass isn't in the rest of the stuff's in so we're waiting on that one grass so I've literally not been able to fish on my boat because I'm waiting to get all this stuff done to it because I don't want to have to keep driving it all this time back and forth if everything's not done correctly the first time around so just stay patient with me guys I'll promise you some of the boat videos are coming I'm more excited than anybody for those because I know exactly what's gonna happen once we get on the boat we're gonna start filming some awesome content you guys are really gonna enjoy it so just stay tuned for that all right boys we made it out to the water big worm crankbait the old swank my sixth sense hotness right there I've been addicted all right we're gonna get this started starting off with a moving bait you guys know I like to start off by covering some water with a moving bait and then slowing down to finesse bait recently I've been having pretty much all my bites on moving baits I got a lot of grass on this art ready what the heck anyways what I was saying so like start off the moving bait cover some water I've been pretty much getting all my bites recently on a moving bait burning it fairly fast you know this summer to fall transition transition right now is happening these fish are starting to feed on some baits I really can't get any on a slow moving bait but that's kind of the whole purpose of today's video is you know searching for big bass or big worms and I'm obviously gonna be throwing something else as well but I kind of want to experiment and see if they're gonna eat you know a slow moving bait like that one so yeah we're gonna toss around a good bit today and give it a shot and just to see you know how these fish have been acting and see if they're willing to feed on it but um yeah man I'd really love to get on a good shrink bite as well though there he is oh he spit it out he spit it out he's got it he's got it let's go on the big worm I started dragging it oh he's not big gosh I thought he was gonna be a good one you little twinkie you little twinkie but thank you for buying me this is a we got a first fish today on the big old stanky worm yeah you're as big as the worm okay well I'm not complaining like I said I'll always like I say you got to start somewhere when fishing and usually it's a small one for the most part when I start so just about a pounder let's get back in there that's awesome to see a big worm bite I really want to get on one of these today I'm really feeling it the shrink would be nice if they were feeding good but I just do not know man I do not know I don't even think we need them to feed good to eat the shrink though I don't think that's something that has to happen I messed up my worm I'll reel it back in need to put a new one let's get us a new big worm out like I said this is in a plum or plummy color just some I had we're gonna cast this out I actually hit something to cast before out there I don't know if it was like some sticks or whatever it was but I threw my other cast and instead of hopping this worm what I did is I just started dragging it which a majority of the time on a big worm that's you know how you get them so I'm gonna start dragging this thing see if I can start getting a lot of bites on it the big worm dude let's go that's a fatty dude he ain't big but that is a fatty how frickin hunchback that thing is let's go dude dude he hammered that thing and just took off look at look at this like a little hunchback he's so fat I don't mind that he ain't a giant but look at that that is awesome thank you buddy second fish today beautiful guy we're upgrading every single time now the next one better be big oh my god why are they all small in the big worm this guy even dude you're smaller than the worm like easily smaller than the worm like what the heck it's like a freaking not even a 10 inch bass like why very confused right now but I won't complain thank you for butin little guy little Jimbo little Jim Bob thank you for buying well I don't like catching them like that but if that's what we have to do to find the big ones then that's fine okay I thought we were getting a step closer every time we were getting bigger when we were catching the other ones and now that guy just concerns me that was a small little twinkie we could just go and keep on casting all right alligator don't be thinking nothing weird now oh why you turn your face don't you do it I'll get you yeah you're getting a little ballsy now you better calm down you really want some swim bait you want it yeah you better calm down dog yeah that's what I thought better calm down I stopped you right in your tracks I'm gonna bop you on your head if you ain't careful Larry no you follow me all the way back here man I was always down there Larry no you bad boy oh there he is oh the good one big and yes yes yes yes yes I hooked him in the tongue he's bleeding a little bit let me let me handle this real quick gosh he's not as big as I thought he was he's bleeding a little bit so guys we're gonna weigh this really fast okay I didn't gut hook him but I hooked him in the tongue and usually like weak spot on a bass zeroed out weigh you so fast buddy get you right back in the water I think he's about three pounds oh my god one ounce away two pounds 15 ounces look at that beautiful fish finally a good one man three pounder let's go you have no idea how bad I've been wanting a good fish by there he goes look at him take off right there boom let's go hmm let's freaking go man let's freaking go guys that's awesome we did it guys we've been searching for a while but we finally got us one that size that we want is that three-plus number we sure made it happen we're not getting many bites man we've been fishing for a long time but you know you got to stay consistent keep doing it and he was right on this little grass edge and what I've noticed guys with this big worm today is when they eat it they all just hammer it okay they either hammer it or they're pecking at it to eat it and that one was one hard hammer because I was a biggin but they've been doing is a hammer it and right after they engulf the bait they start taking off every single one has been like that today been a long day but guess what we didn't give up kept it going and it's rewarding Jerry's coming over here now I am Jerry is probably the most sassy alligator that I've ever seen Jerry you needed to stay back I'm not gonna play with you anymore Jerry you're a little you know that you think I'm kidding man I'm gonna hate you on top of your head yeah better back down come on Gary yeah that's what I thought bro get out of here yeah get out bro what was I calling him was it Gary all right Gary I think it's Larry Larry get out of here you got some little arms man skipping arm day or something little tiny shoulders too man what you gotta say oh you talking back are you talking back yeah get out of here Gary that's what I thought kids these days oh my gosh guys this is a giant this is a giant this is like a very big fish very big come on baby he's running guys this is a giant I mean a giant oh my gosh oh my gosh oh my gosh dude dude that's almost five-pounder that is almost a five-pounder let's go dude I knew you were giant when I hooked you I knew you were a freaking big and look at that I thought he was a lot bigger I seriously thought I might have had a trophy there for a minute the way he was tugging but my drag wasn't all the way set but when I hooked him I didn't move him I felt his big head shake hard zeroed out this is four and a half pounder I don't think he's quite five the way that I'm looking at him now wait wait what why did my settings change we don't have it on the right mode well we're weighing in kilograms gonna have to convert this on my phone I'm about to say I'll wait a minute said like two something I'm like what 2.21 kilograms whatever that is let's put it in a converter dude that's easy for four and a half pounder dude gotta be guys that is what we're talking about I promise you that's a four and a half pounder oh gosh let's go there goes big girl was wore out man she was tugging school got on a tough day like today man so why you never give up right here it was 2.23 kilograms right 2.23 kilogram to pounds oh my god he was almost a five pounder 4.91 dude that was a we're calling it five pounder bro let's go dude we just got a five-pounder I'm about to say like when I when I I don't know how to change the settings on that scale when I first weighed them I was like what like it showed two pounds I'm like alright there's something wrong it's like there is just something wrong with this scale that thing is showing this fish to be two pounds and then I realized that it went over 16 ounces and I was like oh this isn't kilograms there's nothing better guys than catching a big bass on a tough day like today solid five pounder on the big worm dude that is so awesome you guys better smash that freaking like button for that one we've caught a three we've caught a five we call one that was maybe a pound and a half and then like another pounder and then one that was just tiny so we're doing pretty good for you know how tough it is today and how rough the fishing has been but let's go ahead and talk about you know why that fish was possibly in this pocket that's the main lake right here pushes off into this little pocket area big drop off right there there's a ditch that heads out of this and if you guys are wondering how I know that I count down my bait and I figure out how deep it is out there and I can kind of feel it as dragging it up so I know there's a ditch running out there's a flat right here and he was sitting right here on the edge of the flat not only was he sitting on the edge of the flat there was a slight I don't know if you can tell there's a little brush pile things right there if you guys can see that and then there's a bunch of grass right here like I said fall pattern the fish are starting to push the bait up shallow we came to a pocket cod a five pounder that's exactly what we want to do oh he's spitting out oh he's running away there you go he's running in front of Gary giant giant oh my gosh he's huge oh my god oh my god oh my god he brained right up on the bank look how fat he is he's barely hooked oh my gosh dude is this gonna be in kilograms again this fish is over four or he's about four oh no I think it's in I think it's right now my heart is racing oh my god he is four oh my god four pounds one ounce dude look how fat he is dude that is a football if I know of one look at his fat belly don't call me right now it's not good time hey Norm yeah I got you hey let me release his nine pounder real quick oh heck off I mean I'm not kidding I'm kidding I am kidding but hey let me release this fish real quick it's four pounds hold on let me say you go side hold up guys look at his belly solid four pounds one ounce let's get him back in they're loving the big warren man look at that football oh yeah let's go they're out there on that flat guys just what I was saying right here pocket off they're starting to push the bait back in the pockets now since the summer to fall transition sitting out here on the flat baby let's go dude I've been having a tough day man and I just I hooked a three he was like three pounds one ounce I think and then I hooked a a five bro and then I just caught a four like this football