Hey guys, welcome back to another beer buddies a product review for a beer product review today We're gonna go over combs and some an a brush or at whatever brush you can find combs and a brush Yeah, and a brush um so Kent does an incredible job of making these combs. Oh, yeah Yeah, so I actually started off using one of those cheap plastic combs You can get anywhere and then actually was the beer Baron. Yeah, we suggested He's like he did that's gonna destroy your beard and I was like really I had no idea So I started I started I bought this.   It comes down to cheap plastic brushes have Like they're made in plastic injection molds and they cut your beards. These these are saw cut meaning each individual Like little bristle. What are these called? Bristle teeth. There you go. Thanks. Oh teeth Um are cut with a saw which means they glide Yeah, it feels like gliding gliding through. Oh my gosh It's like it's like imagine a bald eagle flying over the evergreens of South Africa. Oh gosh, I see him Makes sense, right? It does. I don't want to I don't even care. No, yeah, right? Honestly, so yeah, it feels great. Um before when I was using the other comb just to tell you real quick It just ripped the crud out of my my beard and it hurt like by the time I was done I'm like I'm not coming with my beard. It hurts like crazy. I pull out tons of hairs Once I started using this If it does pull out hairs once in a while, but honestly, it's the hairs that are going to fall out anyway Like it's not it's not doing anything. No damage. I can do this all day all day All day all day once you go Kent you never can go back and then Beard brushes, okay? There's kind of two camps. You got the comb camp and the brush camp and then some people that do both and they look like this Beard brushes my experience with the beard brush has been kind of I've actually never tried kind of different. Um You never touch another man's brush. Okay. It's like sharing a toothbrush, man. You just don't do that. No, you can do that Yeah, if you're in a hotel and you're like, oh, I forgot. Okay, I would highly Recommend not letting another man use your brush. Okay. There's just certain things you don't share. Anyway, that's fair This it's it's made from a bore bristles the actual Yeah, bristles from boars. Okay, they clean the stuff. They pack it in a brush. It it does good. Um People recommend brushes because it's supposed to help get down to your skin Pick up those natural oils and because it's actually natural hair itself It attaches to it. It pulls it out. I'm going to redistribute Yeah, but when I heard it just kind of rips out the dead skin and stuff. Yeah, you know, it's and it's really coarse My experience with it wasn't as good. I still use it every, you know, so often just because you know I want to keep trying it out. I want to believe. Whoa I want to believe that it's gonna work and it runs away kind of like a bore does So we'll put a link to this one. This is the genuine bass A beard brush. Um, it's a well made brush in terms of a good-looking brush. It's good-looking. Does it work? Yes. Do I love it? Not exactly I wouldn't recommend it to like mica here to try but he recommends you should see the stuff he recommends to me That's just terrible and there's a whole other video for that fair enough links below Anyways, this is the video that we want to share with you guys. How do you recommend kent? Yes, and and don't forget the mustache. Yes. I was just gonna get into that.  So I bought this one Yeah, and like and I was like, no, there's totally gets in there Forget that. I'm like, I don't need that once I started using waxes. This was this was useless Like once you start using waxes just really it's still too big. Yeah, look it's getting it's getting down here No amount of maneuvering. No, and this this this just like this just does an awesome job awesome job with the mustache so essential if you're going to use any sort of Wax with your and the real big reason for it too is if you use wax without some sort of comb or brush Whatever you do if you don't use it for wax It's not going to distribute the wax at all and you're going to see clumping. It's going to be wax Just the nature of wax as it clumps. It's going to get in there once you warm it up You put it in it clumps. This helps distribute it and makes it look 10 times better 30 times better. Sure, whatever, you know 60, you know, I 70 I give it four cups of hot water Okay, that's how I rate it. All right, cool. Well, there you have it for uh brushes combs Just what our experience has been with them. We hope you guys enjoy it again As always comment below let us know what you found to be useful and helpful to help distributing products that you use in your beards And again, yeah, save the beer save the beer. Thanks guys. See you


بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم The Holy Eighth Imam Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Riza Peace and Blessings be upon him and his holy progeny Is revered and respected around the world He is the beacon of knowledge And the manifestation of guidance The crystallization of modesty As well as the embodiment Of generosity, kindness As well as The source of guidance for mankind He was born in the holy city of Madina In the year 148 After Hijra His father Imam Peace and Blessings be upon him Was martyred By the Abbasid Caliph Haroon Al-Abbasi in the year 183 After Hijra Of course during this time The Imam was in Madina Thereafter He enjoyed a relatively Easier number of years Whereby There was an opportunity to spread The knowledge of Ali Muhammad In the first episode Of this particular series We described and talked about His attributes, his characteristics The features about the life of Imam That drew people towards him In this episode We focus On the life of the great Holy Eighth Imam From Him reaching Toos All the way through To his martyrdom Of course Imam Al-Rida peace be upon him Was forced to Take the journey From the holy city of Madina All the way Towards Khurasan Or the land of Toos There was a bitter struggle By the sons of Haroon Al-Abbasi The Muslim world had seen Over several years thousands killed In the struggle for the caliphate In this Determination Of Ma'amoon To assume the leadership By force At the expense of his brother Amin Of course some of the Abbasids Favoured his brother Amin Over himself Why? Because Ma'amoon was born From a slave girl Whereas Amin his mother Zubaida Was well known and was in Arab After assuming the caliphate From His father Haroon Amin started to challenge Ma'amoon Who had set up Some kind of Counter Government In Khurasan The feud between Ma'amoon and Amin Was excessively violent Thousands of people were killed The battle raged on Until Ma'amoon surrounded Amin In his palace in Baghdad Killed those around him And eventually killed his own brother Placing the head of his brother At the gate of the palace For the people to enter And send their curses upon him Thereafter Ma'amoon established His caliphate in Khurasan Moving it from Baghdad To the city of ma'amoon Ma'amoon called him To his palace This time Ma'amoon had a plan First of all He welcomed Ma'amoon Praising him Saying he had a lot of admiration For him But at the same time He said to him That I want you to accept to become The caliph of the muslims Ma'amoon immediately said to him I know your plans I know that I will be killed here Ma'amoon said by whom Ma'am said if I am allowed to say I would have said Ma'amoon said then become the caliph Ma'am said no By God I will not become What you want me to be Ma'amoon said I am presenting it To you By saying this caliphate That you are giving to me Is it yours Rightfully Then you should look after it And you are not to give it to anyone else And if it is not yours What right have you got to give to me What is not yours Faced with a difficult situation And scenario Ma'amoon moves to plan B His plan was to force Imam al-Ridha To become the heir apparent He says to him You become my vice True colors He said to the Imam If you do not do so You will be killed You have no choice otherwise You will be executed Imam al-Ridha said Allah SWT commanded me to protect And look after my life And not to place it in danger Therefore I will do what you say But for one condition And that is I do not appoint I do not suck The reason why Ma'amoon wanted Imam al-Ridha To be next to him To make him the heir apparent Was number one To ensure that he can monitor The movements of the Imam Number two To give legitimacy to his own rule Because at that time There were many people calling for the rights Of the Ahl al-Bayt Number three to stop the Imam From calling for his own caliphate Al-Ma'oon was waiting for this opportunity The opportunity to declare to people That Imam al-Ridha Peace and blessings be upon him Had been appointed As the heir apparent As the one who had become The caliph after Ma'oon There were widespread celebrations In the city Food was distributed The color green Was adopted And indeed what happened thereafter Was that the name of Imam al-Ridha Was printed On the special coins That were used at that time Ma'oon did his best To ensure that people knew Of this important development Development By which he had orchestrated In order to serve His interests And the plan that he had drawn For his caliphate During the time Of Imam al-Ridha In the city of Marb In Touss, Khorasan Al-Ma'oon Al-Abbasi Played a Political attempt To try and somehow undermine the Imam Some say of course That time was Very much strife with the different Ideological Theological schools of thought And scholars from different parts of the world Were invited to come And to debate And to take part in discussions There was of course the famous debate And the discussion surrounding the Quran And whether it was created Or not Likewise we are told that Imam al-Ridha al-Salam In numerous occasions Was invited to take part in these discussions These debates with schools Of thought And other religions As well as those who were faithless Atheists and so on We have the famous companion By the name of Abu Salt Al-Harawi Who was an individual A knowledgeable individual At the time of Imam al-Ridha He would mention That I did not see anyone more knowledgeable Than Ali ibn Mouser al-Ridha He did not meet with anyone Or debate with any individual Except that these people Recognize the degree And the status of this individual The knowledge that he had And they acknowledged that They themselves were Much less Knowledgeable Than Imam al-Ridha al-Salam There would be a place By the name of Dar al-Hikmah In Marv Where Al-Ma'moon Would want to somehow undermine Imam al-Ridha And wish that he would not be able To answer the questions of these people These scholars that have come From different parts He would request the Imam to attend Imam al-Salam would perform the wudu And would come to this area And would engage in discussions And debates with these people Using their own language Because the Imam al-Ridha al-Salam Had knowledge of the languages He would debate with them Using their own books He would discuss using the Torah Using the injeel He would present them Evidence from their own books For instance, he would speak To atheists and those who disbelieved In the presence And in the existence of Allah One of them would say Prove to me where is God And how is God Imam al-Ridha al-Salam would respond To him and say Tell me where God is not And I tell you where God is Likewise He would say that Allah is the Creator Of space and time He is not perceived by the senses Nothing can be compared to him You are He would say to this individual You are attributing Human characteristics And attributes to God God the Almighty Is everywhere Someone comes and says to him God is more than one That you have acknowledged That there is one God Why? Because the presence The existence of one God is agreed upon More than one God Is a subject of disagreement Therefore, we should stick to the area Of agreement That is, there is one God Different ways Just like how His fathers Imam al-Sadaq al-Salam Imam al-Baqir The Imam of the people of the house Al-Bait al-Alim al-Salam Would engage in the debate And discussion Because giving profound answers And inspiring and influencing many Using their own books Imam al-Rida Peace and blessings be upon him Also was emphatically powerful In refuting the misconceptions And the ideas that were spread By people of other faiths Such as Christianity and Judaism For instance In one of the debates That Imam al-Rida al-Salam had With a man by the name of Aljithliq He was a Christian monk And he came forward And he said to Imam al-Rida He said Muslims and Christians all agree That Jesus is a man To be followed And to be respected Therefore, we should stick to Jesus Because we don't believe According to jithliq The Christians We don't believe in your prophet But you believe in our prophet Therefore, we should all follow our prophet At that moment He would ask Imam al-Rida al-Salam And would say What is your opinion about Isa And his books Imam al-Rida al-Salam Would say That I believe in prophet Isa Who bought good tidings Glad tidings About the holy prophet And indeed His book The words That was truly from Allah Not the distorted one And he used to fast And pray But the holy prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم Used to fast and pray More And had more knowledge At that moment The jithliq becomes enraged And said How could you Say such a thing about Isa How could you say That prophet Muhammad Your prophet Practiced fasting And prayed more than Jesus Our lord At that moment Imam al-Rida al-Salam Would ask a jithliq Tell me If you claim that he prayed And fasted more Who was he praying and fasting Towards If you consider him your lord What was the purpose Of his praying and his fasting Jithliq was left dumbfounded He could not respond Then he said Fine But let's see this That Isa al-Salam used to bring The dead back to life He used to cure the leopard So he must be our lord Imam al-Salam Demonstrated his knowledge Of the existence of the prophets And their miracles He said But Al-Yasa Also walked on water And prophet Husqeel Bought back Thousands After 60 years That they had died He bought them back Other examples include رأس الجالوت Who is a Jewish rabbi He would debate with Imam al-Rida Al-Salam Imam al-Rida would say to him That you are refusing The prophethood of our prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم For what reason He says it's because we did not see it We did not encounter it Imam al-Salam says Did you then see the miracles Of Moses Were you there You have acknowledged his miracles You have acknowledged his presence Then why are you refusing The existence and the miracles Of the holy prophet And at the same time Jesus Isa al-Salam And this continued One after the other Imam al-Salam Would find no match In his depth and knowledge And his extensive understanding Of other faiths Using their language And using their books Every single scholar From different faiths Who came to meet Imam Ali ibn al-Rida Left disappointed That he had not been able To defeat him But mesmerized By the knowledge Of the grandson Of the holy prophet Of course Imam Ali ibn al-Rida Debates Were not only confided To people outside The religion of Islam But there were those Who were within The religion themselves Other sects And the denominations Other beliefs Who had these types Of ideas About the faith As well as Clarifications That needed to be made For instance Al-Ma'moun himself One day asked Imam al-Rida And said How can we And said How could you believe The narration Which says It is Ali Who divides And is the one Who distinguishes From the people Of going That go to And those who go to Hell Imam al-Rida Responded And said Do you not agree And are you not aware Of the tradition That states That states Regarding The one who loves you Is a believer And the one Who hates you Is a hypocrite He says yes He says this is exactly The understanding Behind the division Of course As the interpretation Of the narration Is concerned By our scholars And that is That whomsoever Associates himself With the Amir And the Mu'mineen Loves him And follows him Will be with people Of Jannah And whomsoever Opposes him And his teachings And does not follow him On the other side Therefore This was an example Other examples Included the debates Regarding The asma The air free The sinless nature Of the holy prophets That Imam al-Rida Alayhisalam Would undertake People would ask How about Adam Alayhisalam How is it That the Quran Said that Adam sinned واصع Adam ربه فغوى How is it That he committed A sin Imam Alayhisalam Would say no It was Jannah And in that In that particular Way And therefore When he Came to Earth When he descended On to Earth That is Or anywhere outside The Jannah That is When Allah Specifically Selected him And made this Instafar process Likewise He would dispel Any kind of Notion of The mistake By Prophet Jonah Yunus By Saying that He left quickly Without Waiting for The Almighty To Give him The go ahead Of leaving his community Of He would dispel The story Of Dawood Alayhisalam And that is found In the Israelite traditions Of him Falling in love With a lady That he saw From the top Of his Balkany Or roof He would say He would be hurtful And say This is very much Against The prophets Of God And so on This continues Even When it comes to The Isma Of Our Holy Prophet Muhammad God He would speak About The Idea Of The marriage With Zaynab These debates Are very important And can be found In books such as Bihar Al-Anwar And Oyun Which give us an indication Of the depth And the length Of time Imam Alayhisalam Spent Debating And dispelling The misconceptions And the ideas That had originated And had been gathered Around Different parts Of the Muslim Ummah Books have been written Authors Have Compiled A number Of achievements That Imam Alayhisalam Established During the Different phases Of his Illustrious life And He Fulfilled it brilliantly As far as Dispelling the myths The misconceptions The wrong teachings Of the different Ideological Groups And denominations That Were rising At that time And some of them Were being promoted By the Abbasids And What they wanted To establish For political reasons And one of the Establishments And the achievements Of the Imam Was Regarding The need To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To To أن هناك من who is a Wayfarer, a Sufi who was court stealing and was bought to the courtyard of Al Ma'moon. Al Ma'moon wanted to punish him. When he saw him, he said to him, we know you as a worshipper of God, as an individual who has denounced this world. Why is it that you have stolen? He says to this Wayfarer. This Wayfarer said that I have stolen because you have stolen. At that moment, Al Ma'moon becomes surprised.  He looked at Imam Ar-Ridha. Al Ma'moon looked at Imam Ar-Ridha. And Imam Ar-Ridha said, indeed, he has spoken the truth. Al Ma'moon expected Imam Ar-Ridha to defend him. But Imam Al-Salam said the truth. Why? Because Al Ma'moon had usurped the wealth of the Muslims from Beytul Maan, from the Treasury. And this man, this individual, had nothing to live upon. Therefore, he had to steal in order to survive. And at that moment, that individual, the Wayfarer said to Al Ma'moon, He said to him, you belong to me. You are my servant and my slave. This father enraged Ma'moon. He said to him, how dare you accuse me of being your servant? That individual said, yes, you are my servant.    And after humiliating her by asking that she walks around without any clothes in the palace, She wins the next game. And she says to him that you have to spend the night with a lady who was the ugliest in the palace.  And she was a slave girl. And the slave girl was born from there while belonging to Muslims. And you were born from this. In other words, Ma'moon was born from this relationship. Therefore, because you were born from this relationship between your father Haroon and the slave girl. And you belong to the Muslims. And therefore, you are an individual who belonged to me as a Muslim. Ma'moon was further enraged. He looked at Imam for support. Imam says لله الحجة البالغة. To Allah belongs the clear proof, the clear evidence. Meaning that what this man has spoken is indeed the truth. Imam Al-Ridha was not afraid to speak the truth in the face of oppression and injustice. Two individuals would come to visit Imam Al-Ridha. They would say, Do we pray full or do we pray Qasr? Half. Imam Al-Ridha would ask the first. What purpose has brought you here? You would say, oh the grandson of the Prophet. I've come to visit you. Then you'd ask the second. The second would say, I've come to visit Ma'moon. Imam would say to the first, you pray Qasr because you've come to visit me. Your visitation, your traveling is valid. Yet for the second, you have to pray full. Why? Because your journey is battle. You've come to see an oppressive unjust ruler. And Imam Al-Ridha spoke the truth. He was the crystallization of seeking justice as the Quran says that the representative of Allah سبحانه وتعالى seek to establish justice and righteousness on this earth. Before reaching the city of Nesapur. Narrations tell us that Imam Al-Ridha Al-Ridha reached this area here behind me. There he performed his prayers. And whilst doing so, he stood on a piece of rock. His footprints remained on that rock. And today the area is referred to as Qadam Gah. The idea being is that people come to this area in order to acknowledge the fact that it is possible that the rock that is inside this building behind me contains the footprints of Imam Al-Ridha. So they pray their prayers here and ask for the intercession of Imam Al-Ridha. At the same time next to it, there is a well. The tradition and historical records tell us that Imam Al-Ridha Al-Ridha blessed this well. Drank the water from this particular well. And people also do the same. They come to take part of this water due to its blessed nature as well as its Baraka. From this area, Imam Al-Ridha Al-Ridha moved on to the city of Nesapur. Throughout the few years that Imam Al-Ridha was in the city of Merv in Khurasan, we are told that Ma'amoon tried to somehow utilize the presence of the Imam for his own agenda. And one of those occasions was on the day of Eid whereby Ma'amoon had informed Imam Al-Ridha that he should lead the prayers for Eid. Imam Al-Ridha A.S. told him that he did not wish to do so, that this was not what he had come to do. Yet Al-Ma'oon insisted that Imam Al-Ridha would lead the prayers for Eid.  So he performed the Ghusl, the ritual bath. And at the same time he wore clean clothes and he wore white turban. And he walked barefooted. He started to recite the Takbirat. الله أكبر, الله أكبر, الله أكبر. والله الحمد. When he started to do so, people around him started to do so. And the city itself was reverberating with the Zikr of Allah سبحانه وتعالى as mentioned by Imam Al-Ridha, peace be upon him. At that moment, Mu'moon was told that if Imam Al-Ridha would continue with this remembrance that his power and grip over the Islamic Ummah would collapse and Mu'moon sent a message to Imam Al-Ridha saying him and asking him to return back and not to lead the Eid prayers. Mu'moon now realized that Imam Al-Ridha, peace be upon him and his influence had intensified and had grown in Khurasan. And therefore the decision was made to assassinate him because in essence Mu'moon himself did not wish for Imam Al-Ridha to grow in popularity. Because Imam Al-Ridha himself was deeply influential. He was very much inspirational for people. And of course after the incident of the Day of Eid whereby Mu'moon was told that Imam Al-Ridha's popularity has shot up, the decision was made. There were ministers and those around Mu'moon who had encouraged him to assassinate Imam Al-Ridha. And therefore he decided to do so. Narrations tell us that Imam Al-Ridha, peace be upon him was indeed assassinated by Mu'moon. But the way in which this happened is a matter of dispute in Islamic history. Some have suggested that grapes were poisoned and presented to Imam Al-Ridha. Others say that some of the close associates of Mu'moon were told to immerse their hands in poison after prolonging their nails and thereafter extracting juice from pomegranates the Roman and presenting this to Imam Al-Ridha, peace be upon him. Mu'moon did this and was very much tense. He outwardly expressed love to Imam Al-Ridha but indeed he was a hypocrite and wanted to get rid of the grandson of the Holy Prophet. What happened was that when Imam Al-Ridha slowly began to drink the juice of the pomegranate the impact of the poison began to be witnessed in his Holy Body. Mu'moon told him drink more, oh the grandson of the Holy Prophet yet Imam would drink only a little and then would look at Mu'moon and say what you wanted to achieve has indeed materialized. Imam, peace be upon him knew exactly that he would be marted. And before all this because he would say that it would be in this place that I would be buried in Tous in Khurasan. In terms of the burial place of Imam Al-Ridha, peace be upon him this was identified by him of course a while back before his martyrdom. The house that belonged to a man by the name of Humaid Ibn Qahtaba there were common well-known traditions at that time because ذو القرنين who is said to be Cyrus the Great had seen a dream that the representative of God will be buried on this land and therefore what happened was that هارون العباسي thought that he would be buried here. When he was buried in the house of Humaid Ibn Qahtaba Imam Al-Ridha would say that I would be buried there certain individuals would say never that this cannot happen. And even afterwards they said that Imam Al-Ridha would be buried at the feet of Haaroun yet Imam Al-Ridha said never will this occur that Haaroun will be at the feet of Imam Al-Ridha Al-Ridha Later after the martyrdom of Imam Al-Ridha and peace and blessings be upon him there was a procession that people in this particular area in Tous in Maaf, Khurasan had staged this funeral many were weeping and crying the whole city was in mourning Imam Al-Abbasi of course had staged this fake funeral process and he followed the funeral, the body the holy body of Imam Al-Ridha to its resting place what had happened of course was that miraculously the son of Imam Al-Ridha Imam Muhammad Al-Jawad صلى الله عليه وسلم came all the way from Madina he himself performed the Salah over the body of the Imam whilst many had not recognized him and it was he Imam Al-Jawad who played the body in its position because the body of the Imam has to be buried by an Imam Imam Al-Ridha was buried exactly where he has said that he would be buried despite the efforts of certain individuals for this not to happen and his shrine today constitutes a place whereby Imam Al-Ridha has visited throughout the year paying their respects and standing in solidarity acknowledging the great legacy and the many lessons to be learned from the holy 8th beacon of light from the ship of salvation the ship of the Ahl al-Bayt Imam Ali ibn al-Ridha صلى الله عليه وسلم there are abundant narrations that encourage believers from across the world to make the journey and to perform the Ziyara the visitation of the shrine of the holy 8th Imam Imam Ali ibn al-Ridha صلى الله عليه وسلم indeed the emphasis is great Imam Al-Ridha عليه السلام is known as غريب الغرباء the one who is buried by himself away from the rest of the imams and the imams themselves would encourage the people to make the journey the immense rewards and the great opportunities to obtain the blessings and the شفاعز of the Imam peace and blessings be upon him and for instance the famous book عيون أخبار الرضا we find a narration from the holy prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم which states ستتفن بضعة مني بخراسان that a part of me shall be buried in the land of خراسان لارها مكروبا إلا رفع الله كربا whomsoever has anguish or difficulty and goes to visit this individual الله سبحانه وتعالى will remove that difficulty ولا مذنبا إلا غفر الله ذنبا and anyone who is a sinner who visits Almighty سبحانه وتعالى will remove their sins due to the blessings of the visitation if performed correctly of course we find there is a famous narration regarding إمام الرضا عليه السلام whom he says من زارني على بوعد داري whomsoever visits me despite the fact that I am far تيته يوم القيامة on the day of judgment I shall come to him in three places first of all when the book is given to the human being whether it is given on the right or to the left secondly at the bridge and the road and thirdly at the mizan in other words when the scale and the balance is placed between the good deeds and the bad deeds إمام الرضا in this narration states that whosoever visits him he will come to assist them and help them likewise you find that he himself in the same book أخبار الرضا says هذه البقعة روضة من رياض الجنة at this land is the land of tous where إمام الرضا is buried is part of paradise where the angels descend continuously until the trumpet is blown so many such narrations that whosoever visits إمام الرضا peace and blessings be upon him it is as if they have visited الله سبحانه وتعالى in his throne metaphorically meaning that this area is with mercy and forgiveness and the almighty سبحانه وتعالى rewards those who go there with a heart full of submission with a heart seeking to attach themselves to the great إمام and to obtain his intercession millions of people make the journey to the wonderful shrine and the many courtyards of إمام علي ابن موس الرضا peace and blessings be upon him throughout the year many of them come anticipating this special atmosphere and truly they do not leave disappointed many people will narrate a story or two about the greatness of the visitation towards the shrine of إمام الرضا عليه السلام these are known as karamat special blessings people have been cured others have been guided and inspired there is a special section at the shrine itself whereby these miracles are recorded and documented within the shrine itself there is this particular section which documents these stories and of course these miracles are not just contemporary but they had been witnessed throughout the times some are recorded in the book عيون أخبار الرضا بأشيخ الصدوق رضوان الله تعالى عليه هذا الشيخ الصدوق عميقث that this man was truly who hated the Ahle Al-Bait he says that I did not find anyone more hating of the Ahle Al-Bait than this person to the extent that when they recite the salawat they stop at Allahumma sallalahu ala Muhammad and they would not mention the family the progeny this man himself states that I was given and entrusted with the same ويجب أن أتعلم مع فئة المناء. أدخلها أجل ويجب أن أدخلها أين أدخلها. والذي who came back and wanting it requested it from me. لم أكن أعرف أين هو. أدخلت. أقلت لقائق أجل من المشاكلين أن يتعلموا إلى المجرد من علي بن موسى الرضا. أدخلت. أقلت لقائق لقائق أجل من الله. بعد ذلك الليل ، في my dream a man came to me who is illuminating and pointed me towards an area and said This is where the money that has been entrusted to you can be found When I woke up I did not believe my dream yet I told this individual just simply to give him hope Later this man returned and said yes I found what I had entrusted upon you in that area From that moment this individual became a lover of Imam Al-Ridha عليه السلام And called for people to visit him Another story is told in the same book عيون أخبار الرضا با الشيخ الصدوق Where by one day an individual came with his slave They made a sajdah, they prayed to Allah سبحانه وتعالى Close to the shrine and the mausoleum The Darih of Imam Al-Ridha عليه السلام The servant was a few meters away The master was a few meters ahead In sajdah they were both praying to Allah سبحانه وتعالى When the master lifted his head he looked at the servant and said come towards me The servant came towards him He said to him do you wish to be free He said yes He said then I free you for the sake of Allah And I will marry you to one of my servants And I will look after the dowry And whatever is required for you to get married The servant broke down in tears And said by God this is what I had just requested When I was in sajdah here next to the shrine And the Darih of Ali ibn Mausal-Ridha Indeed we are not surprised by the countless accounts And narrations found about the Barakah And the fact that the Hajat of people are fulfilled And their supplications are answered And the shrine of the 8th Holy Imam The grandson of the Holy Prophet Peace and blessings be upon them all Those who seek the Ahl al-Bait And want to be illuminated by them And ask Allah سبحانه وتعالى through them Through Tawasul and Che'a Has been mentioned in the Quran And is legislated and practiced And encouraged by Muslims throughout generations Indeed it is one that highlights The importance of these Holy Individuals And the visitations to their shrines


My heart sinks as I think about what I'm about to do and there's a knot in the pit of my stomach that just won't go away I'd give anything to be able to turn around to not do this But it's my job My mouth has suddenly gone dry and I hope that my voice won't fail me. I Take several deep breaths as I steady myself and I prepare to knock on the door One thought sticks out of my mind and it's I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry. I have to tell you this And it gets repeated over and over and over again. I Know how I feel irrelevant and I'm about to say words that no one deserves to hear and that everyone fears And then I knock on the door


Welcome. Today we are going to study components of embedded system, myself, Mr. V. V. Angire, assistant professor, department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Walsh and Instruct Technology, Sulapur. Learning outcome at the end of this session students will be able to identify different components of embedded system. So before starting with the components of embedded system you should recall what is mean by embedded system and definition or understanding of hardware and software components. Introduction the embedded system components are basically divided into two parts that is hardware component and software component. As embedded system is combination of hardware and software so components of embedded system is divided into two parts that is hardware components and software components. Now first we will see hardware components of embedded system. So hardware components of embedded system will include power supply, processor, memory, timer counters, communication ports, input and output and application specific circuits. So first we will see power supply and embedded system require power supply which is 5 volt DC or below it. So sometimes it will require 3.3 volt DC power supply and power supply can be given using battery or using circuit or circuitry as example in figure you can see there is a 230 volt AC supply given as a input and after that using transformer voltage can be reduced and that is to be given to the diode circuitry so that is bridge rectifier. So the rectifier will convert that EC input to a particular DC signal and that DC signal is given to a capacitor for the filtering purpose and after that the signal is given to the voltage regulator IC. As an example in this figure you can see the voltage regulator IC is 7 at 05 so at the output you can see 5 volt DC output. So this 5 volt DC is to be used as a input or as a power supply in case of embedded system. Next processor so processor is heard of any embedded system and in embedded system we can use micro processor or micro controller depending upon the application and as a processor you can use micro processor or micro controller which is of 8 bit, 16 bit or 32 bit. So depending upon application the type of micro controller or 8 bit, 16 bit or 32 bit micro controls are used or higher version of the micro controllers are also used in embedded system and all this depending upon the application which we are going to use built in embedded system memory. So there are two type of memories used in embedded system ROM memory that is read only memory and second one is RAM memory that is random access memory. Generally ROM memory is also called as a code memory because the fixed program or the permanent program which is to be embedded into the embedded system that is to be stored in ROM memory. So this is used for the storage of the program once system powered the system fetches the code from the ROM memory. So when the power supply is given to the embedded system the particular code which is present in the ROM is to be executed. RAM memory is a volatile memory and used for temporary storage of the data. So which is to be used in the processing for embedded system. Timers, counters in some application we need to generate some delays but there is some issue when we generate the delay from the normal coding style by making any loop running for a particular time. Definitely this will give you some delay but the code after this loop remains in waiting for state and delayed. So it is not the best approach to generate the delay. For such kind of application we will need a delay for a specific time interval without affecting the normal code execution we use timer and counters. So particular code which is to be written while programming any embedded system that type of code will not useful in embedded system. So a particular timer or counter is used to generate a delay that will not affect normal code execution. Communication port. Different type of communication ports are used in embedded system hardware to communicate with other embedded devices. And examples are UART, CAN, SPI, I2C, USB, Ethernet, RS232, RS423 and RS485. So for the communication purpose in embedded system communication ports are to be used and these are the general or commonly used communication devices or communication ports which we can use to interact with the other communicate with the other world. Input and output. To interact with embedded system and to generate required output we need output ports. So input as well as output ports are used in any embedded system or used in microcontrollers. So this input and output are generally divided into ports like P0, P1, P2 and P3 in 805 microcontroller that is the basic type of microcontroller. And PA, PB, PC and PD in ATmega series of the microcontroller. So Arduino board will use ATmega series of microcontrollers. So in those type of microcontrollers the ports are to be represented by PA, PB, PC as well as PD. Application specific circuits. So other than common circuit, embedded system needs some application specific circuits for a particular use or for a specific use. So those circuits are called as an application specific circuit. And examples are DMA controller that is direct memory access controller, AD converter that is analog to digital converter, PWN circuit for digital to analog conversion, MODEM, CAN controller and printer controller. So such type of controllers or converters are categorized as application specific circuits. Software components. Now we will see the software components of embedded system. Once the hardware is completed we need to build the software for the embedded devices. There are different software tools for programming and coding. These software tools are referred to as a software components. So below are the tools that are generally used in embedded system development. First one is assembler, next emulator, next debugger and last one is compiler. So these four are the tools, software tools which are used in embedded system development that is to develop a particular program or to develop a particular application. We are going to use these software tools. First one is assembler. So when you write a program in assembly language, this assembly language program is to be converted into hex code using this particular utility that is assembler. So generally assembler is to be used to convert any code which is to be written in C or in assembly language into hex code. So then using some hardware called as a programmer we can write this particular code or this hex code into the chip that is microcontroller chip. Emulator. An emulator is a hardware or software tool that has a similar functionality to the target system or guest system. It enables the host system to execute the functionality and other components. It is a replica of the target system and used for debugging the code and issues. So emulator is a particular application which is the replica of the target system which we are going to build actually or real-time application. Debugger. Sometimes we are not getting expected result or output due to some errors or some bugs in the program. So there are certain tools that are specifically used for the debugging process. So when we can see the control flow and register value to identify the issue. So generally to detect a bug we are going to use debugger. Compiler. Compiler is a software tool that converts one programming language into target code that a machine can understand. So particularly we write the code in embedded C or in assembly language. Compiler will convert this code into machine understandable language. So the compiler basically used for translating the high level language into the low level language like machine code, assembly language or object code. So these are the software components which we are going to use while building any embedded system. So these are hardware as well as software components we are going to use while building any embedded system or any application in which embedded system is to be used. So while preparing this video lecture I have referred these references. Thank you.


The results of this study suggest that depression is highly prevalent among medical students and is associated with female gender and negative perception of the learning environment. This article was authored by Azma Zafar, Sima Dudd, and Attika Khalid.


Are the laws of physics themselves physical? Do the laws of physics exist? If they do exist, what is the nature of their existence? If they don't exist, what are we talking about when we talk about the laws of physics? A couple of lines of reasoning about this that are really interesting. Let's say that the laws of physics don't exist. Some people say that what the laws of physics actually are is just a way of describing regularities in the phenomena that we experience or the regularities that we think we see in the world. But the laws of physics themselves don't have any real, mind-dependent, independent existence. But then the question is this. What is the cause of the regularity of the phenomena that we experience? What is the cause of the regularity that we see in the world? Why do the laws of physics describe phenomena in motion today and they will tomorrow and they did 150 years from now? Is it just coincidence? Is it chance? Or is it that the laws of physics are describing actually something? There's another line of reasoning though. If it's the case that the laws of physics do exist, then we run into this problem. Are the laws of physics themselves physical? Do they take up space? Are they made up of matter or energy? It seems like the laws of the physical world couldn't be in the system of the physical world. It seems like the laws of physics aren't physical. They're kind of metaphysical or one step more fundamental, if you will, than the physical laws. They're kind of what give rise to physical phenomena. But if that's true, that immediately implies some kind of non-physicalism, at least dualism, that what exists in the world, well, there's physical stuff and there's at least the laws of physics which kind of keep the physical stuff in check. Here's what I think. I think the laws of physics exist. They have a real existence, a mind-independent existence and they are non-physical. They are metaphysical. I like to think of them as algorithms. What I mean by an algorithm is this, that something that generates a particular output given a particular input, so if we're talking about motion, let's say, I've got holding my hand up here and then my muscles relax and the arm drops.  Well, the input, you might say, is the position of my hand, various facts and data about how much potential energy, let's say, is in this location of space and then as those inputs change, it yields a different output based on the laws of physics.  At any given time, that car has position, momentum, it's got gas in the gas tank that's exploding, energy that's created and then that information put into the algorithm generates motion and generates the output. One of the nice things, among others, one of the nice things that happens if you think about the laws of physics as a kind of algorithm is that it also can apply to the mental world. So it might be the case that based on particular information, maybe let's say information about the physical world, information gets put into the algorithm and generates the output which is conscious phenomena. So for example, wavelength in the physical world, wavelength of a certain size, a certain distance between peaks of a wave gets put into this mental algorithm. What gets generated is the representation of the color red, the seeing of the color red. So all the colors that I experience might be understood as outputs of an algorithm given a particular input. Now this theory doesn't come without its own problems, namely it gives up physicalism. We're saying there are more than just physical things in existence. There's also algorithms, also mental inputs. It doesn't answer the question, what is an algorithm? What is the ontological status of this algorithm I'm talking about? Well, I could say it's non-physical. It's the thing that takes the input and generates the output, doesn't put a lot of meat on the bones. I'll put a little bit more in the future. This is part of the theory of resolving the mind-body problem that I talked about over the last couple of weeks. But itself is not immediately intuitive because we don't have a kind of direct interaction, it seems, with these algorithms. What I would say is we experience the output of the algorithms, and sometimes we might experience the input of the algorithms, but we don't experience the algorithm itself. What do you guys think? Two questions. Do the laws of physics exist? Do they not? If they do exist, what is their nature? Are they physical? If they don't exist, then what is the cause of the regularity of the physical world?


Senior Non-Commissioned Officer, Advanced Leadership Experience, Student Guide. Date published, 1 October 2016. Personal Profile System. Senior Master Sergeant Williams is the Superintendent of the Military Personnel Flight. She has 40 people that work for her in various positions. Although there are several subordinates she communicates well with, she often has difficulty communicating with several of the section chiefs. In her mind, they just don't see things the way she does, and that often at times causes conflict. She has a hard time understanding how others don't see her most logical point of view, the way it should be done. She's tired of hearing that there's more than one way to solve a problem. What should she do? The greatest day in your life and mine is when we take total responsibility for our attitudes. That's the day we truly grow up. John C. Maxwell. Note, this document contains curriculum-sensitive information and may not be used for public dissemination. Inside this chapter, PPS dimensions and components. Dominance, influence, steadiness, conscientiousness, task-position mismatches, impact of PPS, subordinate, senior NCO, mission. Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to Terminal Cognitive Objective Comprehend personal profile system concepts and or their impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. Terminal Cognitive Samples of Behavior 1. Identify personal profile system concepts and or their impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. 2. Illustrate personal profile system concepts and or their impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. 3. Predict the impact of personal profile system concepts on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. Effective Objective Value personal profile system and its positive impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. Effective Samples of Behavior 1. Enthusiastically dedicate yourself to read and listen to all material about personal profile system and its impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. 2. Voluntarily complete all coursework related to personal profile system and its impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. 3. Openly accept personal profile system and its positive impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. 4. Willingly develop a preference for personal profile system and its positive impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. 5. Strive toward a commitment to apply personal profile system because of its positive impact on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. How many times in your career have you dealt with subordinates that did not see things the same way you did? How did you respond? How did they respond? Have you ever wondered why some people behave the way they do? In today's environment, understanding behavioral tendencies of yourself and others is essential to being a successful leader. The personal profile system, PPS, can help you. The profile provides a framework for looking at human behavior while increasing your knowledge of your own unique behavior patterns. Effective leaders understand their own behavioral tendencies and the behavioral tendencies of the people they interact with on a regular basis. In addition, effective leaders know how to create motivational environments based on behavioral tendencies. Finally, effective leaders know how to adapt their behavior to the situation. Effective leaders change the way they interact with subordinates, peers, and supervisors based on their needs. Understanding the behavior tendencies of others will help you create a cooperative, pleasant, and productive work environment. This chapter begins by covering the PPS dimensions, disk, and components, tendencies, preferred environment, needs, and strategies for effectiveness. Next, your focus will shift to the use of PPS strategies. Finally, you'll end this chapter by covering the impact of PPS on subordinate, senior NCO, and mission effectiveness. Before you start learning about PPS, there's some important copyright information you need to understand first. Compliance with credit, copyright, and trademark notification. The information in this chapter is copyrighted and based on the Disk Classic Personal Profile System 2800. Permissions have been granted to the Barn Center for Enlisted Education to use the copyrighted information. The Disk Classic Personal Profile System 2800 is a copyrighted assessment instrument. It can help you understand yourself and others. It's broken into dimensions and components by covering the basics of understanding behavioral styles. You can purchase the instrument online at various websites by doing a word search on Disk or Personal Profile System, since one is synonymous with the other. However, it's not necessary to take the assessment to understand it. PPS Dimensions and Components Would you like to create an environment for others to be more successful? Would you like to understand the different motivational environments required by your subordinates' behavioral styles? Could you use the Disk to help you adapt your communication to meet the needs of other people's behavioral tendencies? According to the Disk Classic Personal Profile System 2800, the goal is to help you create an environment to ensure your success. Understanding Disk will help you gain an appreciation for the different motivational environments required by other behavioral styles. It can also help you adapt your communication to meet the needs of people's behavioral tendencies, reduce stress, and increase effectiveness when interacting with others. With this in mind, in this section you'll learn about the PPS Dimensions, Disk, and the PPS Components, tendencies, desires, needs, and strategies to be effective. The tendencies and desires are descriptions of the dimensions, where the needs and strategies are the action plan for people in the dimension. Now that you know what we will cover in this section, let's look at some general information about the Disk. The Disk is a behavioral model that describes how people behave as they respond to their environment. Perceptions come into play as you look at how others behave. The Disk is about understanding, accepting, and respecting differences and managing those differences. Whenever we have a difference of opinion, use different procedures for handling the same activity, or have different solutions to the same problem, we usually experience conflict. These differences appear to be the source of most conflict because we tend to believe that one person must be wrong for the other to be right. However, this thinking is flawed. Differences are just differences. It's important to keep in mind that the Disk is not a personality test. It neither measures nor assesses personality, nor reveals personality types. What it does is reveal how people respond to their environment. Also, it's situational. It measures thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to respond to a particular situation. Dominance. The first PPS dimension is dominance, the D in the Disk. People who operate out of this dimension focus on shaping the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results. This person's tendencies include getting immediate results, causing action, accepting challenges, making quick decisions, questioning the status quo, taking authority, managing trouble, and solving problems. This person desires an environment that includes power and authority, prestige and challenge, opportunities for individual accomplishments, a wide scope of operations, direct questions, opportunities for advancement, freedom from controls and supervision, and many new and varied activities. This person needs others who weigh the pros and cons, calculate risks, use caution, create a predictable environment, research facts, deliberate before deciding, and recognize the needs of others. To be more effective, this person needs to receive difficult assignments, to understand they need people, to base techniques on practical experience, to receive an occasional shock, to identify with a group, to verbalize reasons for conclusions, to be aware of existing sanctions, to pace self and to relax more. If they were engaged in battle, they would need to be the one in charge since they desire power and authority. They would be the one leading the charge across the field or down the dark alley. The value of people with this profile is that they naturally want to be the leader. They are an important part of the team because they bring the desire to be in charge. If you don't consider that the person with this profile desires to be in charge, you may miss an important motivational opportunity with them. Influence The second dimension of PPS is influence. People who operate out of this dimension focus on shaping the environment by influencing or persuading others. This person's tendencies include contacting people, making a favorable impression, being articulate, creating a motivating environment, generating enthusiasm, entertaining people, viewing people and situations with optimism and participating in a group. This person desires an environment that includes popularity and social recognition, public recognition of ability, freedom of expression, group activities outside the job, democratic relationships, freedom from control and detail, opportunities to verbalize proposals, coaching and counseling, and favorable working conditions. This person needs others who concentrate on the task, seek facts, speak directly, respect sincerity, develop systematic approaches, prefer to deal with things instead of people, take a logical approach and demonstrate individual follow-through. To be more effective, this person needs to control time, if D or S is low, to make objective decisions, to use hands-on management, to be more realistic when appraising others, to make priorities and deadlines, to be more firm with others, if D is low. These people like people. In your work center, they would be the ones socializing with others and would be a lot of fun to be around. The value of people with this profile is that they create a motivating environment for everyone. They are an important part of the team because they bring optimism with them. If you don't consider that the person with this profile brings optimism to the group, you may miss an important motivational opportunity with them. As a senior NCO, it's important to understand those with this eye profile so that you can set them up for success in whatever position you put them in by pointing out the things that will motivate them and also the things in the job that they will need to be careful of in the job or tasking. Understanding some of the characteristics about an eye profile should help you better manage those individuals that have an eye profile. Let's now look at the steady dimension of PPS, the S. Steadiness. The third dimension of PPS is steadiness. People who operate out of this dimension focus on cooperating with others within existing circumstances to carry out the task. This person's tendencies include performing in a consistent, predictable manner, demonstrating patience, developing specialized skills, helping others, showing loyalty, being a good listener, calming excited people, creating a stable and harmonious work environment. This person desires an environment that includes maintenance of the status quo unless given reasons for change, predictable routines, credit for work accomplished, minimal work infringement on home life, sincere appreciation, identification with a group, standard operating procedures and minimal conflict. This person needs others who react quickly to unexpected change, stretch toward the challenges of accepted tasks, become involved in more than one thing, are self-promoting, apply pressure on others, work comfortably in an unpredictable environment, help to prioritize work and are flexible in work procedures. To be more effective, this person needs to be conditioned prior to change, to validate self-worth, to know how personal effort contributes to the group effort, to have colleagues of similar competence and sincerity, to know task guidelines and to have creativity encouraged. These people are very steady. In your work center, they would be the one that calms everyone down after a major change is announced. They like the routine and steady approach. The value of people with this profile is that they like to help others and calm, excited people. They are an important part of the team because they help create a stable, harmonious work environment. If you don't consider that the person with this profile likes to help others, you may miss an important motivational opportunity with them. As a senior NCO, it's important to understand those with this S-profile so that you can set them up for success in whatever position you put them in by pointing out the things that will motivate them and also the things in the job that they will need to be careful of in the job or tasking. Understanding some of these things about an S-profile should help you better manage those individuals that have an S-profile. This is the fourth dimension of PPS, the C. Conscientiousness The fourth dimension of PPS is conscientiousness. People who operate out of this dimension focus on working conscientiously within existing circumstances to ensure quality and accuracy. This person's tendencies include adhering to key directives and standards, concentrating on key details, thinking analytically, critically, weighing pros and cons, being diplomatic with people, using subtle or indirect approaches to conflict, checking for accuracy, analyzing performance critically, and using a systematic approach to situations or activities. This person desires an environment that includes clearly defined performance expectations, values of quality and accuracy, a reserved and business-like atmosphere, opportunities to demonstrate expertise, control over factors that affect their performance, opportunities to ask why questions, recognition for specific skills and accomplishments. This person needs others who delegate important tasks, make quick decisions, use policies only as guidelines, compromise with the opposition, state unpopular positions, initiate and facilitate discussions, encourage teamwork. To be more effective, this person needs to have time to plan carefully, to know exact job descriptions and performance objectives, to schedule performance appraisals, to receive specific feedback on performance, to respect people's personal worth as much as their accomplishments, and to develop tolerance for conflict. These people like to do things by the book and expect others to do the same. In your work center, this person is going to hold others to the standard and help keep everyone focused and on track. The value of people with this profile is that they naturally take care of the details. They are an important part of the team because they bring a systematic approach to most all situations. If you don't consider that the person with this profile desires and likes the details, you may miss an important motivational opportunity with them. As a senior NCO, it's important to understand those with this C profile so that you can set them up for success in whatever position you put them in by pointing out the things that will motivate them and also the things in the job that they will need to be careful of in the job or tasking. Understanding some of the characteristics about a C profile should help you better manage those individuals that have a C profile. At this point, you should have an understanding of each of the dimensions of the disc. However, before you wrap this section up, there is one more thing you need to cover. Task or position mismatches. Task position mismatches. Understanding the disc allows you to determine the characteristics of a task or position and then use that information to match a subordinate with it. But what should you do if the task that's required doesn't match your subordinates' profile? For example, what if the task requires someone that displays more of the dominance profile but your subordinate displays more of the steadiness profile? PPS and task or position mismatches occur more often than not because we almost never have the luxury of choosing our subordinates or team members. However, that does not mean we cannot be effective in helping our subordinates be successful in positions that do not quite match their PPS. When we have to assign people to tasks or positions that do not match their PPS, it is vitally important to set them up for success. We do this by using a technique known as caution, motivate, and support. Caution. We caution on aspects of the position that will not appeal to the person based on her primary and secondary tendencies. This information comes from the general highlights of the disc classic interpretation stage one referenced earlier in this chapter labeled, This person desires an environment that includes, and to be more effective, this person needs. Motivate. We motivate the person by letting him know which aspects of the position appeal to his primary and secondary tendencies. This information comes from the general highlights of the disc classic interpretation stage one referenced earlier in this chapter labeled, This person's tendencies include, and this person desires an environment that includes. Support. We support the person by letting her know we are always available to listen, answer questions, provide more information and guidance, secure resources, and when necessary run interference or remove roadblocks. We also support by utilizing information from the action plan sections of the general highlights of the disc classic interpretation stage one referenced earlier in this chapter. Remember, people are motivated to do what they want to do, not what you want them to do. Therefore, the most effective leaders expend effort toward creating environments where people are self motivated. The best environments are those where once PPS matches the requirements of the position, and when that's not possible, the individual is set up for success through effective use of the caution, motivate, and support. In this section you learned about the PPS dimensions and the PPS components. Some people focus on shaping the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results, the dimension of dominance. Others focus on shaping the environment by influencing or persuading others, the dimension of influence. Some people focus on cooperating with others within existing circumstances to carry out the task, dimension of steadiness. And yet others focus on working conscientiously within existing circumstances to ensure quality and accuracy. General highlights, interpretation stage one, see page six, guidelines for interpretation. D, dominance. Emphasis is on shaping the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results. Description, this person's tendencies include getting immediate results, causing action, accepting challenges, making quick decisions, questioning the status quo, taking authority, managing trouble, and solving problems. This person desires an environment that includes power and authority, prestige and challenge, opportunities for individual accomplishments, a wide scope of operations, direct answers, opportunities for advancement, freedom from controls and supervision, and many new and varied activities. Action plan. This person needs others who weigh pros and cons, calculate risks, use caution, create a predictable environment, research facts, deliberate before deciding, and recognize the needs of others. To be more effective, this person needs to receive difficult assignments, to understand that they need people, to base techniques on practical experience, to receive an occasional shock, to identify with a group, to verbalize reasons for conclusions, to be aware of existing sanctions, and to pace self and to relax more. I influence. Emphasis is on shaping the environment by influencing or persuading others. This person's tendencies include contacting people, making a favorable impression, being articulate, creating a motivating environment, generating enthusiasm, entertaining people, viewing people and situations with optimism, and participating in a group. This person desires an environment that includes popularity, social recognition, public recognition of ability, freedom of expression, group activities outside of job, democratic relationships, freedom from control and detail, opportunities to verbalize proposals, coaching and counseling, and favorable working conditions. This person needs others who concentrate on the task, seek facts, speak directly, respect sincerity, develop systematic approaches, prefer to deal with things instead of people, take a logical approach, and demonstrate individual follow-through. To be more effective, this person needs to control time, if D or S is low, to make objective decisions, to use hands-on management, to be more realistic when appraising others, to make priorities and deadlines, and to be more firm with others, if D is low. S, steadiness. Emphasis is on cooperating with others within existing circumstances to carry out the task. This person's tendencies include performing in a consistent predictable manner, demonstrating patience, developing specialized skills, helping others, showing loyalty, being a good listener, calming, excited people, creating a stable, harmonious work environment. This person desires an environment that includes maintenance of the status quo unless given reasons for change, predictable routines, credit for work accomplished, minimal work infringement on home life, sincere appreciation, identification with a group, standard operating procedures, and minimal conflict. This person needs others who react quickly to unexpected change, stretch toward the challenges of accepted tasks, become involved in more than one thing, are self-promoting, apply pressure on others, work comfortably in an unpredictable environment, help to prioritize work, and are flexible in work procedures. To be more effective, this person needs to be conditioned prior to change to validate self-worth, to know how personal effort contributes to the group effort, to have colleagues of similar competence and sincerity, to know task guidelines, and to have creativity encouraged. C, conscientiousness. Emphasis is on working conscientiously within existing circumstances to ensure quality and accuracy. This person's tendencies include adhering to key directives and standards, concentrating on key details, thinking analytically, weighing pros and cons, being diplomatic with people, using subtle or indirect approaches to conflict, checking for accuracy, analyzing performance critically, and using a systematic approach to situations or activities. This person desires an environment that includes clearly defined performance expectations, values of quality and accuracy, a reserved business-like atmosphere, opportunities to demonstrate expertise, control over factors that affect their performance, opportunities to ask why questions, and recognition for specific skills and accomplishments. This person needs others who delegate important tasks, make quick decisions, use policies only as guidelines, compromise with the opposition, state unpopular positions, initiate and facilitate discussions, and encourage teamwork. To be more effective, this person needs to have time to plan carefully, to know exact job descriptions and performance objectives, to schedule performance appraisals, to receive specific feedback on performance, to respect people's personal worth as much as their accomplishments, and to develop tolerance for conflict. When you become good at reading people, you will find you are also very effective at leading people and building teams. People react differently in different situations. Remember, it can be useful to identify disc behavior dimensions in others. If you become good at reading people without labeling them, you can be very effective at leading them. Now that you have the experience of using PPS concepts, let's look at the impact of PPS. Impact of PPS. You now have a better understanding of PPS concepts, so what's most likely to happen if you apply these concepts? Why should you use them? How have leaders around you applied them? As you read the following material, you should ponder how you can enhance your success by employing the ideas in this chapter. We'll start by looking at the impact of PPS on subordinate effectiveness, then move on to senior NCO effectiveness and mission effectiveness. Using PPS can have its greatest impact on subordinates. Let's now look at how it affects subordinate effectiveness. Since you'll have larger groups of subordinates to work with, you'll have to adjust your behavior using PPS concepts to manage the group. Subordinate effectiveness. A subordinate's effectiveness may be hindered if you do not employ PPS concepts. This is especially true if you do not consider the desires and needs of the PPS components. The disc model helps you lead subordinates more effectively by showing how to identify the behavioral tendencies of others and then use that knowledge to develop strategies for working more effectively with those people and for creating environments that motivate people based on their behavioral tendencies. This is where legitimate power comes into play. Legitimate power is based on one's title and or position within the organization. Since legitimate power gives you control over your area of responsibility, why not use it to create motivational environments for your subordinates? Not only should you focus on recognizing and respecting individual differences, but you should also educate your subordinates to do the same. But how should you accomplish this? Short of purchasing a PPS instrument for every subordinate, your next best option is to become very good at reading people. The general highlights of the disc classic interpretation stage one, referenced earlier in this chapter, is full of priceless information to help you learn how to people read. Without an instrument, you are taking an educated guess. But the better you become at recognizing behavioral tendencies under different situations, the better you become at accurately identifying what does and does not motivate others. When you become good at people reading, he will find you are also very effective at leading people and building teams. Keep in mind that when using the disc information on yourself, you are considering your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. When using the information on other people, you can only see their behaviors. Their thoughts and feeling remain hidden. Also, keep in mind that everything is situational. People react differently in different situations. While it can be helpful and fun to identify the disc behavior dimensions in others do not fall into the trap of labeling people. Remember, disc is dynamic, not static, and it depends heavily on the situation. Never assume someone will always react the same way. Pigeon-holing people is dangerous. It causes you to limit how you lead others, which often results in you limiting their responsibilities, which hurts their career and ultimately hurts the Air Force. You can also use disc behavioral statements to describe and discuss expectations of the job. Too many times we talk about what should be done in the job, like defining tasks, duties, and responsibilities, and ignore the equally important elements of how and why the job needs to be done. Understanding the disc allows you to determine the characteristics of a task or position and then use that information to match a subordinate with it. PPS and task or position mismatches occur more often than not because we almost never have the luxury of choosing our subordinates or team members. However, that does not mean we cannot be effective in helping our subordinates be successful in positions that do not quite match their PPS. By being cautious of the aspects of the task that might not appeal to your subordinate based on their profile, motivating him or her on the aspects of the task that do appeal and supporting them through the process, you can help your subordinates be more effective at any task, even if it doesn't fit their behavioral tendencies. As leaders, we should always be thinking about what our subordinates need to be successful. Leaders who don't consider their self-behavior and the behavioral tendencies of others will hinder subordinate effectiveness. However, you now know that PPS can impact subordinate effectiveness in a good way. Let's now move on to how PPS can impact senior NCO effectiveness. Senior NCO effectiveness. The ultimate goal of understanding your behavioral style is to become self-managing. Knowing you have different sources of motivation and different goals based on your natural behavioral style can help you create positive situations for yourself. Take a hard look at your current work environment. Are you happy? Is there a lot of distress associated with your workplace? Now think of your primary behavioral tendencies and the information associated with them. How many of your motivating factors are currently available in your work environment? If the factors you find motivating are missing, then list actions you can take to meet more of your motivational needs. In order to achieve optimal performance, you need to understand yourself and understand the positive and negative factors that affect your performance. Just remember, what makes you most effective in one situation may not work well in a different situation. What makes us different from each other are our combination of behavioral tendencies and the intensity of each behavior. We tend to use those behavioral tendencies with the strongest intensity more frequently. Therefore, it is critical for you to remember people have all four behavioral tendencies. Understanding your own dimension of behavior is important because it helps you learn how to best adapt your behavior to meet the needs of other people and the situation. In addition, understanding your own dimension of behavior will help you identify other people's behavior and better understand why they and you respond differently in different environments. Air Force Manual 36-2647 analyzes self-behavior and quickly and proactively modifies behavior to deal effectively with changes. Does not persist with ineffective behaviors. Manages change and maintains continuity for self and others when mission requirement varies or becomes ambiguous. Senior NCOs are most effective when they use the PPS to manage their own behavior and use it to help subordinates manage their behavior. Notice the wording from the Air Force Manual 36-2647. Does not persist with ineffective behaviors. Your effectiveness will be hindered if you don't use PPS concepts to modify your behavior to create the environment the subordinate needs to be most effective. Your effectiveness will be increased if you continuously strive to use PPS concepts. Understanding and using the PPS components, tendencies, desires, needs, and strategies to be effective can help you be a better leader. Although it might be hard to use the concepts at first, as senior NCOs we are required to stretch beyond our comfort zones to accomplish the mission. Focusing your efforts to use these new concepts will increase your effectiveness even if it causes you to stretch beyond your comfort zone. Air Force Manual 36-2647. Actively synthesizes and commits to formal and informal learning activities and assignments, including stretch and risk beyond comfort zone in a way that makes the most of the learning experience. Today, more than ever, enlisted members fulfill more than one role. Most of us fulfill leadership and management positions while also handling technical tasks. We also lead teams and are often members of teams outside our unit. Each role requires different behaviors, and when we fail to address the differences, other problems may surface. Conflict is one problem that usually surfaces. The difference between behaviors required for a specific position and a person's natural behavioral style often causes distress, which can lead to conflict. AFI 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure. Senior NCOs should continue professional development through a variety, stop and reflect for a moment. Is your behavior at home different than your behavior at work? Why is that? Remember, we all behave differently in different environments and situations. The important thing is figuring out whether our behavior is most effective given the situation. Imagine someone as a high D in her role at work, then going home and behaving the same way toward her family members. Might that generate some conflict? A significant strength of the PPS and the DISC model is they can help you identify the behavioral expectations of any role and then use that information to reduce conflict. Understanding how PPS can impact senior NCO effectiveness is important. Just as important is understanding how PPS can impact mission effectiveness. So let's see how it affects mission effectiveness. Mission effectiveness. Using PPS concepts can also impact mission effectiveness in several ways. Your mission may be hindered if you do not employ PPS concepts. Senior NCOs should continue professional development through a variety of means, such as books, voluntary career development courses, lectures, off-duty education, leadership seminars, et cetera. Personal professional growth never ends. One of the primary reasons personal professional growth, the Senior NCO Academy Distance Learning Program and PPS, for example, is so important is that senior NCOs are moving into positions of much greater mission responsibility at a strategic level. Leaders who don't consider their self-behavior and the behavioral tendencies of others will not meet the institutional competency of embodies airmen culture develop self and therefore hinder their mission. AFI 36-2618, the enlisted force structure. Master Sargeants are transitioning from being technical experts and first line supervisors to leaders of operational competence, skilled at merging subordinates talents, skills and resources with other teams functions to most effectively accomplish the mission. Using PPS can enhance accomplishment of the mission because you better understand the behavioral tendencies of yourself and others. Often this can lead to conversations that frequently uncover new approaches and solutions to move the mission forward. This will meet the institutional competency of managing organizations and resources continuous improvement. It's not only a good technique to use, it can help you meet the mission. So now that you have a better understanding of how to apply PPS concepts, you should be able to infer some answers to the questions posed earlier. Much has been written about the behavioral tendencies and the best method to manage behaviors. Not only do you now have a better understanding of behavior tendencies through the use of PPS, but also you should see the benefits in using PPS concepts on the senior NCO, subordinate and mission effectiveness. Summary. This chapter on PPS began with an examination of the dimensions and components of each of the dimensions. Remember, the dominance dimension is where people focus on shaping the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results. The influence dimension is where people focus on shaping the environment by influencing or persuading others. In the steadiness dimension, people focus on cooperating with others within existing circumstances to carry out the task. Finally, the conscientious dimension is where people focus on working conscientiously within existing circumstances to ensure quality and accuracy. You also learned about the components of each dimension which includes the tendencies, desires, needs and strategies. Tendencies include things like getting immediate results for the D, making a favorable impression for the I, showing loyalty for the S and thinking analytically for the C. Each of the dimensions also desire a certain environment. Each of the dimensions also have very different needs. And finally, the strategies, what they need to be more effective, includes different approaches for different dimensions.  Your effectiveness will be increased if you continuously strive to use PPS concepts. Understanding and using the PPS concepts, understanding and using the PPS components, tendencies, desires, needs and strategies to be effective can help you be a better leader. Considering each of these components as you give job assignments can set your subordinates up for success. Even if the job is not the kind of work the subordinate likes, you can use PPS components to set the environment for them. This person desires an environment that includes, be supportive, this person needs others who and help them be more effective to be more effective this person needs. Using PPS can enhance accomplishment of the mission because you better understand the behavioral tendencies of yourself and others. Often this can lead to conversations that frequently uncover new approaches and solutions to move the mission forward. It's not only a good technique to use, it can help you meet the mission. In today's environment, you are faced with airmen of diverse backgrounds and behavioral tendencies. For senior enlisted leaders, the implications of understanding people are extremely important and not using every tool we have to manage people can hinder our success. By understanding PPS concepts and in turn using them, senior NCOs can be better positioned to lead their organizations and ensure successful mission accomplishment. Key terms, caution, motivate, support, page six. Conscientiousness, page five. Disc, page three. Dimension, page three. Dominance, page three. Influence, page four. Personal Profile System, PPS, page three. Steadiness, page four. References. Air Force Instruction, AFI 36-2618. The Enlisted Force Structure, 27 February 2009. Air Force Manual, 36-2647. The Institutional Competency Development and Management, 25 March 2014. Disc Classic Version 9.0. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Inscape Publishing Incorporated, 2001. Profession of Arms Center of Excellence. Profession of Arms Handbook, 21 July 2015.