Welcome to JSA TV live here from the floor of PTC 2023. I'm Barb Mitchell and joining me is Michael Donahue, Managing Director at Cumulus Data and Kevin Dalton, Chief Data Center Operator. Good morning. Yes, Officer for Cumulus Data Centers. So thank you so much for joining us. We're really looking forward to, we're sort of kicking off here this morning what's set to be a series of great conversations leaders such as yourselves in the industry. It's a great event already this year. It's great to be here. Yeah. Yeah. So tell us what what are you experiencing so far? It's day one, but it kind of I was just saying to someone it feels sort of like day three or four. But yeah. Well, most everyone gets here early to start with anyway, especially us coming from East, you know, just to get used to the time change, the 12 plus hour journey. So we're already well into it for sure. Yeah. Yeah. And I mean, what sorts of conversations I know that, you know, first of all, let's step back a second and maybe for our viewers and just a preview of the conversations you've probably been having or will have, tell us a little bit about about your company and what you're focused on for sure. So by way of introduction, Cumulus is a subsidiary of talent energy. And the I think that the goal of Cumulus is to try to solve the trilemma or we call the power trilemma, which is solving zero zero carbon, low, low cost, reliable power. And the way that we're thinking about doing that is by connecting ourselves connecting our nuclear power plant to a data center that we're building on campus. We're going to be basically trying to disrupt the way that the traditional industry pulls power off the grid. And we're going to be going around the utility by just directly connecting our power plant to our data center. And to answer the question, I think you said earlier is what is the number one thing that people are continuing to talk about at all these happy hours is where are people going to get power from? Because we keep on hearing that the utilities are shutting people off and they're not going to have power for a few years now. And so I think sustainability was the conversation last year and now the conversation seems to be where are people going to get power from? Where is it coming from? Yeah, I mean a big global conversation, right? I think, yeah. So hard to know where to start with all of that, but let's start with you have a flagship data center you're building out in Pennsylvania. Can you talk about that? Correct. So the idea behind the data center is that we were looking for ways to better monetize our assets from a standpoint. We sell most of our power directly to the grid, which is pretty much a fixed cost for the most part. And looking to, but like I said, better monetize and get better margins on some of our investments. So we looked at a variety of different vertical markets and something that we could look at and monetize that. And one of the things we came up with is data centers. We can take a look at the data center market. It's one of the fastest growing markets and it's been pretty consistent over the last 15 years. So especially when you see what's happening in the markets right now, economy is going down and the data center market is still expanding. Maybe a little bit slower, but still expanding. So there's some better certainty with customers from that standpoint. And the way that we're looking at it right now is how do we best serve the market? And one of the ways it's doing that is building our own data center. And like Mike said, solving some of those problems that are out there right now. With our asset, we've got a lot of power available. We've got it available at a really good cost. And it's also carbon free. So data center, those are one of the three boxes that you have to check when you're building the data center. So we have the ability to do that. And right now we are developing a 300,000 square foot building in Northeast Pennsylvania. And we've got power available right now. And we're looking to continue to grow that campus. We've got plenty of land also, which is another factor in the marketplace. That's hard to find, especially good land because data center campuses are not small. So we have, like I said, been able to check a lot of those boxes that people are looking for right now. And another unique feature, I think, of this data center is the power source, right? And so powered by nuclear energy fully. And I think that kind of answers some of the things you were talking about before. Where is it coming from? And how? Talk to us about that. So one of the things that people don't realize is that obviously renewables are kind of what's on everyone's mind these days. But what's not really well understood is that renewables are not able to keep up with the total demand that is required. And also the intermittent factor that comes into play with renewables, you still need to have a base load which keeps it all stable. And nuclear power is really the best way to do that. So that's one of the things that we looked at is that base load capability is critical for the long-term viability of the grid to limit the volatility that we see with not just renewables, but volatility of fossil fuel plants. Take a look at what happens with gas prices and coal prices are all over the map too now. So having that stable power source right next to a data center is something that our customers are looking for. Because that gives them cost certainty years out in the future, which you can't get from other locations that have volatile issues with either gas or anything else for that matter. Right. And I'm curious, so you yesterday, I happened to catch the first, our first broadcast of the whole show was with Jaulima.  You mentioned that that has been a big topic, so. Yeah, it was a really nice way to kick off PTC and it was a cool panel. It was somebody from the finance side, somebody from regulatory and somebody from operations, which was my side. And one of the things that I think really, they almost marketed my project better than I was able to. Because we kept on coming around to the fact of what we need to do is bring the load closer to the power sources. And so we were talking about doing that at the nuclear plant, we were talking about that, and potentially bringing them closer to where the renewables are being built out and expanding from the non-traditional markets. And that we think that that's probably where the trend's gonna be in 2023. As just we know, all the major centers are just really congested right now, having problem installing any new pass. Yeah. So what should we expect to hear?  We just talked about Pennsylvania. That's a big initiative, big project, keeping you busy, I'm sure. But over the next six months or a year, what should we expect to hear from Kimulus? So obviously, first of all, we're looking at trying to sell the data center out at this point. So we have an active effort right now and trying to pursue customers. And also, we have a lot of other sites around the country that we're looking to develop also. So I mean, we're looking to grow, obviously. And I mean, one of the best things about what we have right now with the data center next nuclear plan is the overall TCO model is about the best you're gonna find in a marketplace. So we expect a lot of interest as a result of that going forward. Yeah. Any final things you wanna share with our viewers before we help them connect with you? Just come find us here at PTC, happy to talk about what we're doing. Yeah, great. And so for those of our viewers who aren't here, aren't lucky enough to be in Waikiki with us today with us this week, where can they connect with you? How can they learn more? Sure. Obviously they can connect with us on LinkedIn but also on cumulusinfra.com. And to reach out to us, we'd love to set up some time to talk about the project and talk about our other future projects. Thank you so much. Thank you, Michael. Thank you for joining us. It's been a pleasure speaking with you. And thank you viewers for tuning in to JSA TV Live here in beautiful Waikiki, Hawaii at PTC 2023. Talk to you next time. Mahalo.


Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us for another episode of Kondo Insider. My name is Jane Sugimura, and I'm your host today. And this is a show about Kondo living and for people who live and work in condominiums. And this is a significant portion of the community in Hawaii. I mean, we've got, I've been told that we've got about a third of the people who at least who live in Oahu who live in condominiums. And so hopefully we have, you know, a lot of viewers out there who are watching the program. And today our program is a call to action. And this is about Senate Bill 551, about non-judicial foreclosure that was recently passed by the legislature and sent to the governor for review and approval. And if he passes the signs of bill, it becomes law, if he doesn't pass it, if he vetoes it, then it doesn't become law. And I have as my guest, one of the people who helped get the law passed this year, Larry McGuire, who is a partner with the law firm of Porter, McGuire, Keakona, and Chao. Thank you for joining me, Larry. Thank you. Thank you for having me. I'm going to be here. And your firm does a lot of condominium and community association law. Yes. I'd say probably about 80% of our practice. And can you tell our viewers what kinds of things you do for associations? Oh, my. Well, associations are like many municipalities. So we do everything. We collect their maintenance fees. We enforce their covenants. We draft their governing documents. We amend their governing documents, restate their governing documents. If they have any issue with construction defects, you know, if there's a problem with their building, we address that. If they need repairs, we help them obtain contracts in order to obtain the repairs. You name it, we do it if it relates to condos. And this Senate Bill 551, I mean, that hits all the areas that you basically practice in, right? Well, it does in the sense that it relates to our ability to collect maintenance fees. Let's talk about maintenance fees. You know, a lot of people out there, they don't really understand condominium finances. So can you give us a really short class on how does a condominium operate? How does it operate? Well, you know, condominiums are creatures of statute. So every issue that deals with the condominium, there is a statute that governs that particular issue. And so condominiums operate on a zero-base budget, meaning the funds that they obtain to operate are obtained from the maintenance fees and the reserve fees that they collect from their owners. And this is a monthly fee that the unit owner pays to the property management company. And so these fees are what the association uses to operate. This is what pays their bills. So they can pay the electric bill, the water bill, pay to maintain the grounds. I mean, you name it, these fees are what pays for that. And so what happens if you have 10 people in a 100-unit association who don't pay their fees? That's a real problem. I mean, that's 10% of all your owners.  If all of a sudden your income was reduced by 10%, that would be quite a hit for you in terms of your ability to pay your bills to operate your own personal budget. The same thing applies to condominiums. If certain owners don't pay their bills, if 10% of the owners don't pay their bills, then that is a real hardship on the other owners because they are the ones that have to make up the difference. And how do they make up the difference? They end up having to special assess or get a loan in order to acquire the difference. And so that results in increased maintenance fees for the next year. And that's why, in the annual meeting time, sometimes you have a lot of angry owners who show up at the meeting and they want to know, why did my maintenance fees go up this year? That's right.  That's right. And so the alternative is to collect from those owners who have not paid their bills. And Senate Bill 551 is critical to associations' ability to do that. Okay. And what does 551 deal with? All right. Well, last summer, July of 2018, the Intermediate Court of Appeals passed, excuse me, they issued an opinion, which in essence stated that the legislature did not intend for associations' condominiums to do non-judicial foreclosures unless they had a power of sale provision which allowed them to do non-judicals in their governing documents or unless they had an agreement with that particular owner, allowing them to foreclose on that particular owner. And we know that no such language exists in the governing documents and we know that there are no agreements. What is the basis of the associations doing non-judicial foreclosure? This has been going on for 20 years. And what I mean by that is back in 1998 and 1999, the legislature recognized that there was a real problem with associations and their delinquencies. And it was a hardship on the remaining owners, the timely paying owners, because they were having to increase assessments in order to pay for those owners who weren't paying their bills. And so the legislature passed in 1999 Act 236, which allowed associations' condominiums to do non-judicial foreclosures. So the language is in the statute. Oh, yeah. Definitely. Initially passed in 514A-90 and then in 514A-92, subsection B, subsection 13, passed a provision that said all bylaws, all condominium bylaws, were deemed to include a power of sale provision which allowed them to do non-judicals, non-judicial foreclosures. So even though you had, you know, there was no written agreement between a unit owner and the association, the language of the statute said that the bylaws of every association, that was then in existence, would contain a provision that there was an agreement between every unit owner and the association. Yes. Yes. Okay. So the legislature could do non-judicial foreclosures. And in the Sacal case, the Intermediate Court of Appeals ignored the last 20 years of legislative history and said they found no legislative history. So we had to go to the legislature this year and the legislature corrected the record to show in fact that there was a complete history of dating back to 1998, 1999, 2004, 2012. I mean, there was an incremental history that showed as far back as 1998 associations were allowed to do non-judicial foreclosures. And then as time went on, they added more consumer protections to that because you had the owners on whom the association was foreclosing basically saying this is a hardship, we need more protections, and more protections were added to address their concerns. And in this last legislative session, we addressed even more protections, input even more protections in Senate Bill 551 to address those concerns. Well, we'll get to those additional protections, but you know, the so-called decision, what happens? What is the impact of that decision? I mean, what is so important that you and others had to go to the legislature to get Senate Bill 551 enacted? We had several attorneys in town that were filing multiple lawsuits. One attorney had filed a class action lawsuit seeking to sue multiple condominium associations over 50 condominium associations for doing non-judicial foreclosures. And that was entirely wrong in light of the legislative history. And for these, and the non-judicial foreclosures that had occurred, I mean, that was based on the fact that people weren't paying their maintenance fees. Right, exactly. And it was based on the legislative history and the laws that were enacted in order to do those non-judicals. And so the whole upshot of 551 is basically to stop these new lawsuits that are now saying, okay, now be based on the so-called, we don't really care about the merits of the non-judicial foreclosure and the fact that, you know, this was made, this was done so that you were allowed to do the non-judicial foreclosures in order to recover your maintenance fees.  That's right. That's right. I mean, we haven't had, you know, there were some other lawsuits that had filed prior to Sacal, but Sacal really opened the floodgate. And so what this does is it threatens the associations who are just complying with the law. Correct. Correct. With new lawsuits. Yes. New lawsuits by people who, in the first instance, lost their homes or went through foreclosure because they weren't paying their maintenance fees. That's correct. And now as a result of this so-called decision as well, insurance companies have, in essence, as I understand it, refused to insure for non-judicals. In other words, associations were going to be hanging out in the wind, and they weren't going to have coverage for non-judicial foreclosures. And so this means that it would have been more expense for the associations just because that they were complying with the law that was okay at the time they were doing the non-judicial foreclosures. Correct. And so they're basically being punished in retrospect for something that was legal. Correct. That's correct. And that's the part that's really hard to take. Correct. Yes. Right. And so what happened this session with 551? Well, we went to the legislature, we explained the situation. They went back and looked at the legislative history, and they agreed with us. And so what they did was they passed the session laws that showed the lengthy legislative history in the preamble. And then what they did is they amended the prior law to add additional consumer protections to allow basically to address the concerns of those folks who were losing their homes to non-judicial foreclosures. You know, I mean, for example, one of the issues that arose was people had a misunderstanding as to what the non-judicial related to. In other words, some of the folks believe that the association by foreclosing would also stop the mortgage. In other words, they would no longer have to pay their mortgage. And that's incorrect. And so one of the provisions that's now included in the bill is a notice to all homeowners that lets them know that this notice, this non-judicial relates only to the association's lien. The foreclosure on the association's lien, it does not relate to any of your other creditors, including your mortgage lender. So you need to check with your other creditors to see what effect, if any, this association foreclosure has on your other loans. Okay. Well, you know, what we're going to do now is take a one minute break and we're going to come back and we'll be talking about some other provisions in the new law. All right. Okay. Sounds good. Aloha. I'm Cynthia Sinclair. And I'm Tim Apachella. We are hosts here at Think Tech Hawaii, a digital media company serving the people of Hawaii. We provide a video platform for citizen journalists to raise public awareness in Hawaii. We are a Hawaii non-profit that depends on the generosity of its supporters to keep on going. We'd be grateful if you'd go to thinktechhawaii.com and make a donation to support us now. Thanks so much. Thanks so much. Aloha. I'm Lauren Pair, a host here at Think Tech Hawaii, a digital media company serving the people of Hawaii. We provide a video platform for citizen journalists to raise public awareness in Hawaii. We are a Hawaii non-profit that depends on the generosity of its supporters to keep on going. We'd be grateful if you'd go to thinktechhawaii.com and make a donation to support us now. Thanks so much. Okay. Well, welcome back to the second portion of Conwon Cider. And today's episode is called Action on What to Do About Senate Bill 551, and I have as my guest, Larie McGuire, who is a partner with Porter McGuire, Kia Conan Chow. And we are talking about Senate Bill 551, and Larie was talking about what is in the bill? What is this Senate Bill 551 do? You were talking about it has some consumer protection provisions that were added, and one of the consumer protection provisions was this notice that tells the delinquent homeowner that the debt is only for the association maintenance fees and it doesn't affect the mortgage or any other loan that might be uncovering the property. What else does Senate Bill 551 do? All right, yes. Well, one of the things that we had heard about while we were in the legislature was how it was affecting military personnel. And so we've added a provision that in essence states that if you are active duty military and you are at that time deployed outside the state of Hawaii, then the association may not do a non-judicial foreclosure. If they do foreclose while you are on deployment, they must go to court to do that. And so that is a great asset for those folks that are in the military, and we have quite a few of them here. Yes, because we have all these people who are stationed at the various military bases. And the reason why too, it goes to judicial foreclosure, there is something called the Soldiers and Sailors Relief Act, and that act basically says that if there is a military person who is deployed and they are being sued for foreclosure for non-payment of sums, that they are entitled to appointment of an attorney. Correct. Exactly. So the Soldiers and Sailors Relief Act requires appointment of counsel. Exactly. So that means that even if they don't want to get counsel, they get counsel. Correct. And usually it's the plaintiff, the creditor who ends up paying for this attorney. Right? Well, it varies. You're right. It varies. Yes. Initially though, definitely. But it's to make sure that the military person is represented in the foreclosure. Right. Exactly. And those types of foreclosures are not part of the non-judicial. And what else is there that... Now we have a mediation provision. So basically whenever you serve a notice of default and intent to foreclose on the owner, you have to notify them that they have the opportunity to mediate before this goes forward. So 30 days after service, they have within that 30 day period after service on them of the notice to contact us, counsel, to set up the mediation process in order to mediate any disputes that they may have as to the amounts due and owing. And then you must complete that mediation within 60 days of them notifying you that they would like to mediate. So that's an asset. Slows the process down. It brings in a third party, the mediator, who can look at the big picture. And if there is a way to resolve it, then that's the point where it will happen. And that really opens the doors for settlement. So that's a benefit as well. Okay. And this new bill too has a provision that clarifies... And in the previous legislation, it did clarify that you cannot do a foreclosure where the delinquency is based on late charges and attorney's fees and... Legal fees, penalties, fines. So this statute makes it very clear that that can't happen. That's right. If you're going to do that, if you're not foreclosing on maintenance fees and assessments and you're only going after legal fees, late fees, fines and penalties, you have to file in court a judicial foreclosure action. And one thing too, going back to why this Senate bill is important. Why do the associations do the non-judicial foreclosure? What is the benefit to them for doing the non-judicial versus the judicial foreclosure? A judicial foreclosure is litigation. You're in court and litigation is very expensive. Judicial foreclosures can take years to complete. I'm aware of some right now, some lender judicial foreclosures where lenders are foreclosing on the mortgage that started back in 2008 and they're still ongoing. So the problem is you will start a judicial but you're not sure when it's going to end because you're not the only party to the suit. So for example, oftentimes owners will obtain counsel and when you file suit, you have to bring in all the other creditors who have liens on title and those creditors can file motions if they want to. So I mean this litigation can go on for years at a time and the problem with that is oftentimes during that period of time that owner is not paying their maintenance fees and their reserve assessments.  You're paying you, meaning the condominium association, is paying the attorney to go through that court process and in the meantime nobody's bringing in any money to pay for that. So it's very expensive and it takes a very long time. If you do a non-judicial, you can typically from start to finish end in probably I would say eight months to a year and especially now with the mediation provision, it may take it between eight months to 15 months. But in any event, it is less expensive than the litigation and then oftentimes at the auction nobody will be there to bid on the auction because that particular owner may have a mortgage on title and so the association is foreclosing subject to that mortgage, which means at any time that lender can come in and foreclose, the lender is not required to step up at that time just because the association is foreclosing. And so oftentimes when you get to auction, nobody's there to bid. Only the association is bidding, so oftentimes the association is the one who purchases the unit at auction and once they get that unit, then they rent out the unit and the rents that they obtain can go to offset the delinquency. And so at least the association has the money's coming in until such time as that owner's lender, the prior owner's lender comes in and forecloses. And when that lender comes in and forecloses, then you lose that unit. So the association is able to get the rents for a period of time and use those rents to offset what's owed, should they choose to do so. Okay, so that means that at least they're getting some cash flow to help pay the bills for the association? Because otherwise it's a real hardship on those owners, the paying owners, and as you know here in Hawaii, we have lots of seniors who are on a fixed income and so they buy into a condominium and many of them have never lived in a condominium. So they had no idea what they were getting into in terms of the fact that now they have not just a mortgage payment, but they have a maintenance fee that is subject to rise every single year, but their income, many of them aren't social security. That income is gonna increase only a small amount each year, but their maintenance fees may go up quite a bit depending on how many delinquencies that association has. Right, and so that means that it's really important for everybody, I mean, theoretically, if everybody pays their maintenance fees, then there won't be this issue of every year that maintenance fees are gonna go up and down. But if you have delinquencies and in times when you have economic hardship when people are out of jobs and not working, then it just gets worse. Right, right, and that's what we had, if you recall, about eight years ago, eight, you know, 2008, 2009, 2010, had we not had the ability to conduct non-judicial foreclosures, many associations, I think, would have filed bankruptcy. They would have had to, because they had just a huge percentage of their owners were delinquent. And in fact, I think that during that period, that I didn't realize how important it was for the owner-occupancy ratio. I know that, I know it came up in a conversation about how many owner-occupants are in your building and I figure, who cares? But, you know, when you have times of economic stress and you have investor owners, like a lot of people on Maui had in Key 8, right, you had a lot of mainland owners and they basically abandoned their units.  Oh yeah, it was a nightmare. It was kind of crazy and I'm thinking, ah, this is why they ask. And so for those of you out there, this is another reason for you when you're starting to buy condos or you know something, you ask for the owner-occupancy ratio because you want a lot of owner-occupants. Because those people, they are more engaged in the operations of the building and they're more likely to not want the... They'll pay their bills. Yeah, they pay their bills, right? And so the owner-occupants you have, the better financial, the chances are, the better financial condition you're gonna be in. So why are we here talking about Senate Bill 551 today? Because we want the governor to sign this bill. We want the governor to pass this bill and so we are here to ask all of the owners, all of the viewers out there to contact the governor. And we have indicated a website and in fact, if you go to this website and there's the governor's phone number and there's a website, if you go to that website and click on it, there's a box that says Legislative Response. So you click that box and you just say, please Governor Igay, please pass Senate Bill 551. Yes. We have enough people going on to the website and by calling that number, don't think that the governor is gonna answer the phone because I know a lot of people are scared to go, oh, I don't wanna call the governor. Who wanna be picked up the phone? What do I say?   But anyway, you will be talking to a person who will be just taking messages. And so if you say, please tell the governor to sign Senate Bill 551. They will say thank you and they will make a notation of your message and they will notify the governor that there are this many calls for these bills and these are the yeas and these are the nays. And the governor sometimes is influenced. And so our thinking is that the more calls we can make to the governor or emails to the governor, telling him to pass Senate Bill 551, that will demonstrate to the governor that all of us who live in condos who are making the call to him and who vote, who vote, it doesn't hurt to say, I'm a voter and I would like the governor to sign Senate Bill 551. And so that's why we're here today talking to you guys and asking you to help in getting this bill passed because it's gonna benefit anybody who lives in a condominium. It's gonna benefit everybody who lives in a condominium. Definitely at one point or another. We will all benefit from it. It will help you in your pocketbooks. Yes. And so this is the time, this is why this is a call to action. And we thank you very much. I thank LaRae for being with us today. Thank you. Thank you very much. My pleasure. I know you're hard work on getting this bill passed. And you're one of many, but thank you. I started to say it was a team effort. Yeah. You were one of them as well. Right. And so, you know, thank you very much. And to our viewers, please call in to the governor or email him. Remember, pass Senate Bill 551. That's a message we wanna get to him. And thank you very much for joining us for this episode. And please make sure to tune in next week at three o'clock for another episode of Condo and Cider. Thank you. Mahalo.


Now, we're going to walk through the entire process from start to finish of a skeletal muscle cell contraction. Now, what has to happen for a skeletal muscle to contract? What is the first thing that has to happen?  Think bigger, think integrated. Why are we even talking about skeletal muscle right now? We're not talking about it because we just dealt with the efferent nervous system. We just looked at the autonomic nervous system, the efferent division. We're actually still looking at the nervous system. We're just looking at the mechanics of the effectors in the somatic nervous system. So in order to get a skeletal muscle contraction, the first thing we have to have is a message from a somatic motor neuron. The message comes in the form of an action potential. Look, somatic motor neuron coming from the spinal cord somewhere in the central nervous system, traveling down, possibly splitting, whatever, forming a link with an effector, these skeletal muscle fibers. The place where a motor neuron makes contact with a skeletal muscle, that's called the motor end plate. And the motor end plate has some interesting anatomical realities. What? Structures. Characteristics. Notice that where there is a motor neuron connecting to our skeletal muscle, notice this super folded, exaggerated cell membrane on the muscle. That is the motor end plate and it has some unique characteristics. Okay, so let's, before we even go to actual contraction, we'll see about this, let's take a closer look at the motor end plate, just because I want you to have a visual of this. I'm going to make it super, super, super simple. This is a somatic motor, what? Neuron. And inside my somatic motor neuron are bubbles of neurotransmitter. What kind of neurotransmitter is found in there? And how do you know? Go. It's acetylcholine. How did you know? You know that somatic motor neurons dump acetylcholine on skeletal muscles. That's one of the characteristics. A single somatic motor neuron traveling from the central nervous system dumps acetylcholine on its effector. Now, if this is the effector, what you're going to see here is a highly surface area of the cell membrane of a muscle cell, the sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, sorry, sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, sarcolemma. Motor end plate. That's the motor end plate. And inside there, if we are dumping acetylcholine, what are you going to expect to see? You're going to expect to see acetylcholine receptors. And what kind of acetylcholine receptors are found in the somatic nervous system? Those are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This is my motor end plate. Now, dump the acetylcholine. So let's go back and we'll do our contraction from start to finish. I'm probably going to come back to this visual so that we can imagine what's happening. The first thing that has to take place to have a skeletal muscle contraction is we need to have an action potential from a somatic motor neuron. The action potential is going to travel into the axon terminal where it's going to stimulate the release of neurotransmitter. Okay, I even went into more detail. The action potential opens what kind of channels? Calcium channels in the axon terminal, right? Here comes my action potential. As the action potential travels in. Can't really see that, at least not in my view. As it travels in, oh, I think I made them red. Calcium, I don't think I made them red. It stimulates those voltage-gated calcium channels to open. It opens, calcium rushes in. Calcium, what an important molecule. Calcium binds to these vesicles of neurotransmitter. Let's do that. Calcium channels in axon terminal, oh, they open. Calcium binds to vesicles of neurotransmitter. What kind of neurotransmitter? Acetylcholine, exocytosis of acetylcholine. And the exocytosis of acetylcholine, acetylcholine is dumped into this space right here. Let's make it purple, just whatever color that is. So here comes acetylcholine. It's dumped in. Now acetylcholine, of course, is going to bind to these acetylcholine receptors. Acetylcholine enters the synapse at the neuromuscular junction and binds to the receptors. What kind of receptors were they? Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. And then what happens? Do you remember the characteristics of our nicotinic acetylcholine receptor? It was actually like a sodium gate. And so it opens sodium channels. And interestingly, the acetylcholine receptors allow a little bit of potassium to come in, I mean to leave. But sodium is bigger, it's badder, and it rushes in faster than potassium can rush out. So the end result is what? What is going to happen? Did I make it number seven? Dude, the skeletal muscle depolarizes. Really? Let's go back and look at this. Then acetylcholine binds to the receptor. It allows, let's just make our little sodium channels. The receptors like our sodium channels, but it allows sodium to rush in. What's that going to do to our action potential graph? If or our membrane potential graph, the membrane potential in a skeletal muscle. Don't get confused about that fact. We have a membrane potential here and an action potential is rocking and rolling. We have a membrane potential in our skeletal muscle as well. And in fact, we end up when we let all the sodium come in when we dump acetylcholine into the synapse. We end up depolarizing the skeletal muscle membrane. That depolarization is just a wave of membrane potential change, right? That zips down the entire skeletal muscle cell membrane. Circle lemma. What was one of the unique things about, one of the unique characteristics that we noticed about our skeletal muscle? It is true. That depolarization is actually going to head down the T-tubules. Really? I think that's number eight. Uh-uh. That was number seven. We depolarize. Okay, this is all number seven. We depolarize the cell and it travels down those T-tubules. Depolarizes. And the depolarization, yeah? Hold on a minute. Depolarization heads down T-tubules. Really? Look. I'm going back to, well, this one works. Let's go back to the other one. Here were my T-tubules. Here, let's just pretend that this is where my skeletal, my neuromuscular junction is. The cell membrane depolarizes. The depolarization travels and this is just cell membrane, too. So it actually travels down that T-tubule. And now it's going down the T-tubule. Who does it come up close to? The sarcoplasmic reticulum and what was being stored in there? Calcium. Voltage gated. Okay, we headed down the T-tubules very close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is important. Voltage gated. Calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum open. And what happens? If it opens, calcium rushes out. Of course it does but remember, oops, not there. What I wanted to go to was here. Remember, these are the... we're storing tons and tons of calcium inside this sarcoplasmic reticulum. It's in there hanging out. So here comes a T-tubule and basically the T-tubule is just a delivery system for this action potential. These are the gated calcium channels that are just chilling in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are stimulated and they open. And where does calcium go? Rocks into the cell. It rocks into the cytoplasm into the sarcoplasm of our muscle cell. Does that make sense? So we are now flooded, flooded with calcium. Calcium rushes out. I hope that you... Okay, that was number eight. So we're going to number nine now. I hope that you're like, wait a minute. Calcium is now in the mix and not only is calcium in the mix, we are... we've secreted... we've just dumped calcium all around these mild fibrils all around these thick and thin filaments. These little packages of thick and thin filaments. What's going to happen? I hope that you're thinking and I hope I put it next. Of course. Who had the calcium binding site? Who's going to bind with calcium? Troponin. Troponin has a calcium binding site. I'm not actually going to go try and find my picture of the... those filaments, it's somewhere over there in the madness.  Guess what? Any time a molecule binds to another molecule, we're going to get a shape change. Troponin, remember what his job was? Troponin's job was holding tropomyosin in place. I think, of course, I would make it number 10. Change is shape. Why? Because it bound to calcium. And tropomyosin moves. Troponin changes shape. It's holding tropomyosin in place. Tropomyosin moves. I think it would be number 11. Nope, it's still number 10. The consequences of tropomyosin moving are what? Myosin binding site. I have to think about that. On actin is revealed. Remember? Remember how tropomyosin was covering the binding site for myosin on the actin molecule? So troponin moved, it slips tropomyosin off, and now the myosin binding site is available. Now it's like a full-blown magnet. Mess with me. What do you suppose is going to happen next? I'm going to expect that the myosin, which has an actin binding site, is going to bind to the myosin binding site on the actin. They're going to stick together like each other. And when they stick together, we're going to have more things happen. Let's see if that's what I said. Myosin binds to actin. It says myosin binds to actin. Of course it does. They both have those binding sites, and now the binding sites are available. Guess what happens? When myosin binds to actin, just like normal, myosin binds to actin. We have a shape change. There's a couple things that happen. Myosin changes shape and the shape change kicks who off.  When ADP plus P is kicked off the myosin molecule, what happens to the myosin molecule? It flexes. That molecule, here it is. It was like this. Terrible at this. It was like this. When the binding site binds, it kicks off the ATP. The consequences of both of those things are that that molecule contracts. And it was hanging on to actin when it did it. So it becomes flexed. The myosin molecule is now flexed. I'm going to write it all down. I'm not going to show you any visuals until we get finished with this whole thing, and then we'll go watch it happen. I'm not going to show you any visuals. I can't help it. Our new shape of the myosin molecule is that contracted form with an open, empty ATP binding site. Guess what happens? ATP is required to re-bind. So ATP must come in and bind to this binding site. The energy from ATP allows the myosin head to re-cock. So the head got contracted. The myosin molecule got contracted. But if ATP comes in and binds again to that site, the energy stored in the ATP molecule can be used to re-cock the myosin head. The myosin head gets re-cocked. ADP plus P keeps hanging out there so that the actin molecules are available. If the binding site is still available, if calcium is still present so the myosin binding site is available, then it'll just do it again and it'll keep doing it and keep doing it and keep doing it as long as there's calcium available. As long as neurons, somatic motor neurons, deliver the message to contract, calcium will be available. Can you visualize that? Totally. When the muscle is done, when it wants to relax, crying out loud, just relax, what has to happen? Calcium has to go away. We have to get rid of our calcium. And we actually pump it out. Like you open up those voltage gated calcium channels and the calcium busts them out.  It gets rid of it extremely quickly. The only way to re-let calcium out is to re-stimulate with another message from the central nervous system. Something else must happen. We can eliminate the calcium. Now we don't have any more binding sites available on the actin so the myosin is going to be able to do anything but there's one more thing that must happen if you want true relaxation to take place and you're ready to contract again. Dude, relaxation requires ATP. You must put your ATP molecule into this little system to re-cock that myosin head because if you don't, then the myosin head's going to stay contracted like this. Go ahead and think on that one as to why you get all stiff when you become a stiff. Let's go look at a visual. This website is fabulous. This is your anatomy textbook website and it's all open and free and if somebody reminds me, I'll try to remember to link this thing. But watch this. Can you orient yourself? We're going to look at this from an actual molecular stance. What's actually happening at the molecular level and you'll see here are my thick filaments. I mean my thin filaments. See the little bubbles of actin. Here are my thick filaments, those myosin heads that in this case, look at them, they're actually attached to the actin. All that means is that calcium was available to move that troponin which moves the tropomyosin which makes the binding site available. I mean totally straightforward. Watch what happens when these little molecules see the heads. Can you see the little myosin heads contracting? They do it over and over and over again and as they grab and contract and let go and get back there, they actually end up shortening the entire sarcomere. Look what happened to my sarcomere. Come back. Stop. Stop. That's what I want to push. You push pause if you want to pause it. You don't push play. Look at what happened. What happened to my eye band? Look at the A band. Look at that H zone. It's very interesting to see. In fact, you should investigate this to see what happens to each one of these. Interestingly, the A band, can you agree, doesn't change length at all. Let's take it back. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Do this. Look at that. There it goes. It's contracting. Look at that H zone. H zone disappearing. H zone gone. And now really nothing else happens. They just let go. Let's go backwards. Relax. Relax. Our H zone increases. In order to relax, we actually have to put the ATP in and get rid of all of the calcium. Okay. I'm satisfied with the muscle contraction. We've got a few more things to do and then we'll talk about our lab and then we're moving right along. See you in a minute.


In our last video, we talked about classification trees. I used the datasets widget to load the familiar iris dataset. Then I constructed a tree and examined it with the tree viewer. And that looked more or less like this. Now, a classification tree is grown from the root node, here at the top. It includes the entirety of the iris trading set. Then, from there, the tree growing algorithm finds the best feature to split the data into two separate groups with distinct classes. Now, the first split involves petal length. If it's shorter than 1.9 centimeters, the irises are setosas. And on the other hand, virginica and versicolors have longer petal lengths. So, all of those wind up in the right node. Now, we want to continue to split this subset of 100 irises even further. So, in the next step, we'll compare petal widths, as it seems that versicolors tend to have somewhat narrower petals than virginicas. So, here, the algorithm decided to not split the node on the right any further. Apparently, it's okay, with a single versicolor clump together with 45 virginicas. However, the left node contains 49 versicolors and 5 virginicas. So, it does continue to split them further. And again, it compares petal lengths and sets 4.9 centimeters as the threshold. So, how does orange know when to stop growing a tree? Well, in the case of the setosas, it's pretty clear, since there are no other classes in the node. But, in every other situation, there are rules. So, let's open up the tree widget. Here, you can see and adjust just how orange grows the trees. By default, it infers binary trees. It stops growing the tree if the leaves contain less than 2 instances. And it doesn't split nodes with less than 5 instances. Now, these parameters define when to stop growing a tree. This is known as forward pruning. So, now I can change some of these settings and see how it affects the resulting tree structure. First, I'll place the tree and tree viewer widget side by side to get a better look. Now, let's see what happens when I change the minimum number of instances in leaves to 4. The tree just got smaller. It now only contains 3 internal nodes and 4 leaves. Now, I can also make the tree stop growing at a depth of 2. This way, we get the simplest tree that separates the 3 classes pretty well. So, I'm just going to reset these two parameters to their default values of 2 and 100 to get the widget ready for my next video. Just like all other widgets in orange, the tree also remembers what settings I used. And it's worth checking out the parameters values every time I do some modeling. Because the predictive behavior of my model almost always depends on these parameters. And soon, we'll talk some more about that. But let's take it slow. We'll continue in our upcoming video.


Kim Day has supported independent tech news directly for about five years be like Kim become a DTNs member right now at patreon.com This is the Daily Tech news for Monday, June 10th 2019 in Los Angeles on Tom Merritt and from studio feline I'm Sarah Lane and sweltering in LA County on the show's producer Roger Chang We have got some E3 stuff to talk about this week. We're gonna talk about the Microsoft announcements today Tomorrow Patrick Beja will be back to kind of give us an overview of what's been important And Scott Johnson's gonna follow up with some of his favorite things on the show on Wednesday But let's start with a few tech things you should know Salesforce announced it will acquire data analytics and visualization company Tableau for 15.7 billion dollars all in stock Tableau will continue to operate independently after the acquisition both company boards have approved the deal The acquisition is part of sales forces plan to expand beyond its CRM business and bring advanced analytics to the data already stored on its platform That's what the money is made in the analytics these days Google Assistant support in ways began rolling out to US Android users The feature will let drivers report incidents switch routes and adjust navigation preferences by voice rather than touch on the screen The feature is limited to English for the moment It has been 45 days since Samsung paused sales of the Samsung Galaxy Fold and an email Samsung told CNets Jessica dual court we will announce timing in the coming weeks So if you're curious and or keeping score the status of the Galaxy Fold remains unchanged We will continue to keep you up to date as this story unfolds get it. All right Let's talk a little more about Google Stadia. What do they got? Let's do it Google's upcoming Stadia game streaming service will let publishers offer their own game subscriptions through the streaming service Stadia exact Phil Harrison says that he expects publishers to start thinking about their own subscriptions in relatively short order and that Google will support that on its platform and we'll see some Announcements in due course around that. However, Harrison didn't name electronic art specifically Although EA already offers EA access which is a subscription service that lets users download a selection of its games on Xbox one And soon the ps4 for a single monthly fee EA has also confirmed It will offer games through Stadia though hasn't announced any titles just yet Yeah, so this is interesting and there's so many questions around this first of all A lot of people think Stadia setup is a little too complicated as it is I think it'll get simpler once the founders edition stuff is gone And it's just you can play it for free or if you want better resolution ten dollars a month and then you have to buy the games It's just a service that's giving you the the bits, right? You may not like that, but it feels easy enough to explain But now if you bring in this like or you could not buy the games you could also get a subscription But it's not a subscription to all the games. It's a subscription to games from particular publishers Not all the publishers are available. It starts to get real complex again It does seem like Google's trying to cash in on the fact that EA and Blizzard and many others Want to have subscription services tied to their publishing platform. So Google's like well Let's let's expose you to even more people so you can have control, but then we get a cut of that money, too Yeah, I would think that if you were EA This all has to be rolled out somewhat delicately right because you don't want to take people away from your own subscription service Well, yeah, I mean it's it's one of those situations like you have where say stars Sells a star subscription where you download the stars app you subscribe to it and then you get the stars content or On the Apple TV you can download the stars app subscribe through the Apple TV And then Apple gets a cut but it helps stars get more subscribe or stars on prime video Where it shows up in your prime video from Amazon But Amazon has so many customers it helps stars So it would be appealing to publishers who are like, yeah, we have our own service But we'll we'd have even more customers if we exposed it to Stadia Of course, that's a big question because nobody really knows how many people are gonna subscribe to Stadia in the first place It's interesting because and you know, I'm I'm the most non-gamer of the group but I've been sort of pulling folks that that are more in the space than me especially because a lot of people are in town for E3 and You know, what do you guys think about Stadia and and is there a lot of buzz around it and everyone's sort of like yeah I don't know might be fine But there there is less of an outrage of the idea of buying games In addition to the monthly fee than I thought that there would be and I think a lot of that has to do with people being like You know, you don't need like 300 games You're only really gonna play a few games at a time over and over again and then he and he'd move on to something else So and that doesn't certainly apply to everybody but I think that there's there's enough of that trend going on that the the revenue model isn't really Isn't putting people off even though we're still in the early days. I mean, I would add like, you know an Xbox one EA EA access is something you can get no matter what you subscribe to but you can only do the multiplayer aspect of Those games unless you you can't do it unless you have Xbox gold So there is I mean at least on the Xbox live platform There is some complication that can kind of make people maybe Take, you know, if they're if they're not super hardcore gamers, they don't need to play the latest battlefront Or whatever It might put them at a pause like well I don't want to jump through two hoops to get some entertainment But I have to jump through one that's fine, but two and now you're asking a lot Yeah, Penny arcade had a comic on stadia this morning that was pretty skewering It has a kind of a generic person instead of one of their normal characters saying I love playing hardcore high-fidelity games Or at least I assume I would but I don't own a console or a PC That's why I think Google stadia is for me And I think that gets to the heart of the matter is it's not that you know I think that's overstating it for comic effect, which is what you do in a comic, right? But but I think it does say like you're going to have to convince people that instead of buying a PC Upgrading a PC or getting the next console That stadia is a better way to go because then they don't have to spend that money on hardware And then the rest of this makes sense If you've convinced me that like, you know what? I'd rather spend a hundred twenty dollars a year on a service than pay for a piece of hardware Then buying the games having subscriptions available through for games like I would on my desktop PC That all starts to make sense It's just getting people over that initial hump that they're going to have to do and I think we're in that kind of crossover period where we have a lot of technologies that are overlapping On the audience and you know people it's I wouldn't say it's in the flux, but there's definitely a Shift and people will at some point decide whether or not they Want to go with the old way and just continually upgrade upgrade or is stadia just a very simple solution To you know knock out a couple hours in the evening Well, yeah And the other part that we haven't been paying attention to is eventually there will be the 720p service for free And we don't know if the subscriptions that google is talking about making available through stadia would be available to the free Users because if they are then those subscriptions make even more sense of like oh, okay I I I'm a free player and I'll play what's available for free But I could also pay for a subscription. I would assume google would want to make those subscriptions available to the free players as well xda developers noticed that google maps has a new off-route Alert in india that sends you an alert every time you go off course by at least 500 meters Now this would be helpful if you're driving and and you got lost and say hey You're way off course Although if you're paying attention to the nav you might notice that yourself But it also works as a safety measure. So if you're in the car with someone else driving, you know, particularly like a taxi driver Uh, it would alert you if that taxi driver is taking a circuitous route Maybe trying to drive up your fare or taking into the wrong place Last week google also started tracking delays in public transport and offered auto rickshaw fares for google maps users in india I've actually noticed that public transport delay stuff. It's it's quite useful, especially for the buses here in la Absolutely, and I haven't been to india in a while But I have definitely been in the backseat of a taxi where I thought that Our route was Didn't seem quite right and no at the time. This is not that recently So I didn't have the smartphone capabilities that I have now and certainly not what google maps has just rolled out But there have been incidents where I'm like, I don't know this doesn't seem quite right So having something that could send you an alert send you a notification You're really off course here whether you're driving or someone else is driving Even if you don't feel that you're in danger being in danger, of course is that that would be a huge concern But even if you felt like I just were wasting time or you know, we're confused here is is these sorts of things do come up Yeah, and I think about this. There've been a couple of times I am paranoid enough when I'm in a new city that I'm unfamiliar with I will Glue my eyes to google maps during the taxi ride Just to make sure like okay, are they heading what seems to be the right direction? But I never know if this is the right route or not Right and then there are situations at least here in los angeles where to get to the same place You could go eight or nine miles out of your way Because the traffic is less in that other way and end up being faster Yeah, this might alert me if I'm unfamiliar like hey, where are you going? This this doesn't seem right when it is in fact the right situation So how do you navigate that when the guy says? Oh, yeah, no, it's it's not the normal way But believe me this is much faster. I mean that's that's what taxi drivers say right Yeah, but google maps has also gotten pretty good at being like this looks bad on map view But this is actually the way that we want to go right now because it's 5 p.m Yeah, for sure Mozilla CEO chris beard told germanese at three T3n that the company plans to launch a paid subscription version of firefox by october Which would include features like a vpn and secure cloud storage Current firefox features would remain free, but subscriptions would offer premium features For instance, the company is thinking of offering a free amount of vpn bandwidth with more as part of a premium subscription He also mentioned secure storage Mozilla hasn't decided how many services it will offer and whether or not there'll be multiple subscriptions or just one that includes everything Yeah, this this interview is is really odd Because at least on the t3n site it says that the the press person then stepped in quickly and shut down That line of conversation even though chris beards the ceo right and was saying what he thought There are a lot of details. It sounds like that mozilla probably hasn't even decided on which is Is this just going to be the normal firefox with some subscriptions offered for vpn and storage Is it going to be a different version of firefox with these features added? It sounds like cost Well, it sounds to me like it'll probably just be your normal firefox, but they'll have some subscription features And mozilla is trying to decide should they all be one mozilla subscription or should they be a la carte? Hey, yeah, is this something we would pay for this? I I don't think that would be for a browser right, but that doesn't seem to be what he's describing in this interview Yeah, it goes above and beyond the the the browsing if if i'm someone who doesn't want to spend a lot of time vetting vpns And I trust mozilla and they've got a long history of earning that trust Uh, I might say okay. Yeah, I'll go with the vpn and and it and I generally tell people do not use free vpn, but if there was a free vpn from mozilla like there was from opera Okay, maybe that might be better Uh to use uh, especially if it's backed by a paid upgrade version rather than by ads or selling your data Which you absolutely don't want out of the vpn provider Uh, secure storage is something they're already doing with file sharing So if it just offered, you know more features for that, uh and higher higher allowances for the storage You know, I could see them building off that I do like the idea of seeing mozilla come up with alternatives to fund the development of the browser When I think you you really hit on something earlier when you said trust Uh mozilla is a company that a lot of people trust whether or not you want to trust mozilla with vpn up to you but that That definitely gives the company a big edge when Because like you said, you don't want to just like google vpn for free and go with the first result that comes up You don't want to do that. There are lots of problems with that sort of thing. So yeah, can mozilla say Can they bank on the fact that this is a company that has Uh good products, uh the company that people believe in trustworthy And and and and can offer services on top of a free service that people will pay for Yeah, has a lot to do with who they partner with and they've partnered with with reputable people in the past So hopefully they continue to do that Bloomberg business weeks. Jeff wise has a feature on underwater drones. We always hear about drones in the air How about those drones underwater? Back in november ocean infinity used a team of eight drones to discover the remains of the argentine navy sub San Juan and in february it found a korean bulk or carrier the stellar daisy Both vessels had been missing for more than a year Uh, he also mentions in this article a project called seabed 2030 Which is a joint nonprofit venture to use drones to map the entire ocean floor in the next 11 years So by 2030 you have an entire map of the ocean floor, which you may not realize We have an entire map of mars. We do not have an entire map of the earth's own ocean floor It's using the same hugan drones as ocean infinity which are made by norway's kungsberg maritime Hugans can dive up to 20 000 feet for 72 hours at a time Using a bunch of sensors including sonar. It can also send and process a lot of Large amounts of data, which even five years ago you couldn't do among the benefits of increased mapping data are current Current direction. So, you know where the currents are going. You can map that better and A lot of things that are fundamental to understanding the climate We're going to find so many Undersea worlds with these underwater drones So you're thinking aquaman is what that's what you think one can hope Yeah, it's funny. You you do think of drones. Yeah, they're gonna fly overhead They're gonna deliver packages and burritos and all sorts of stuff for us and Wifi internet, right? But but the but the underwater drones and the fact that there have been some really cool Excavation missions that have already taken place Is it's fascinating and especially because you're right There's a lot about the underwater sea worlds that we still don't know whether it's wreckage or creatures or or yes patterns of Seed life and I don't know the list goes on. Yeah, there's all kinds of scientific data That we we could make much better use of Think of the the recent airline crashes like mh370 from Malaysian Airlines where they just couldn't find Wreckage eventually they found some washed up on a shore, but it's just incredibly difficult I don't think any of us have a real conception of how vast the ocean is If you had these drones back then you might have had a better chance Now years later. Uh, yeah, maybe they'll they'll find more evidence of that, but it's likely that it has been dispersed Widely and degraded enough that it gets harder and harder all the time But now we have these so in future looking For evidence like that is important finding scientific data is important And you we we explore mars with with essentially drones right with remote control robots It's really costly to get them there. These aren't cheap You know, these are tens of millions of dollars to create but the ocean's right there, right? It's a lot cheaper to get to the ocean than it is to get to mars Ah I love it. I do. Yeah Some Marines not really enough. We need these drones. Uh, let's uh, let's explore our own ocean. Shall we also while we do it We should be alert Tom and roger I've got good news razor is entering the performance enhancing drinks market Oh, dear with something called respawn. Okay. Yeah respawn all caps a drink containing 95 Uh milligrams, which is kind of the low end of a cup of coffee But it's it's you know, it's it's a jolt of caffeine per serving Produced in flavor powder packets that you mix in with water Costs is $24.99 for a box of 20 You also could get a branded mixer bottle for another 30 bucks If you wanted that the verge notes that while the company claims its packets add to increased alertness and focused and enhanced concentration The marketing team didn't actually spell concentration Oh, yeah, respawn comes in tropical pineapple blue raspberry pomegranate watermelon. Bluh and green apple Wait tropical pineapple. Is there another kind of pineapple? They're on city pineapple Urban pineapple. Yeah, also blue raspberry feels like an unnecessary distinction Except that they colored it blue because raspberry flavorings probably just raspberry flavoring. Yeah, I've always wondered that about blue raspberry why is there I gotta be blue but uh Yeah, I don't know. I mean it's it's listen energy drinks. Some people are huge fans of energy drinks Uh, I probably I'm not gonna put razor respawn powder in my water But uh in a pinch. I don't know. Maybe you need a little pick me up or maybe some coffee Yeah, on the one hand, it's it's incredibly smart of razor the gaming brand Has a lot of cache to to come up with another way to sell some stuff to gamers that they they probably have a decent margin on And yet it's e3 and I think people expect to see products from razor at e3 Not drink. What about the branded mixer bottle tom? True. It is a a bargain at $30. I'm sure Yeah It mixes your water and your powder for you. Well folks I know you have lots to say about this particular story if any of you get The drink and want to send us a a taste test review. Please do feedback at daily tech news show dot com Get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes at daily tech headlines dot com. Let's talk about microsoft They had their big announcement in fact kind of the only big announcement to be at e3 this year will be microsoft Sony's not presenting at e3 Nintendo never does they do nintendo direct and they they stream it to their booth at e3 But they don't actually do it from onstage e3 this year was almost entirely about titles Um, and there's nothing wrong with that. We're going to talk about some of the best titles later in the week But microsoft did spend some time talking about hardware and services in its announcement on sunday So hardware wise the successor to the xbox one project scarlet did not get another name It's still known as project scarlet. Remember the xbox one was project scorpio. This is project scarlet It'll probably get its new name next e3 because they did say it will go on sale for the holiday 2020 season So again, not a release date, but we know okay 2020 and a 2020 before december sometime it'll go on sale some some details gddr6 ram A new generation of solid state drive that they'll use as virtual ram to give you even more memory promised 40 times performance increase in data bus bandwidth custom amd processor with zen 2 and radian r dna to architecture Which is promised to be four times as powerful as the xbox one x supporting 8k 124 frames or i'm sorry 120 frames per second variable refresh rate And real-time hardware accelerated ray tracing so That will make the nvidia bet on ray tracing a little bit of a better bet if if suddenly ray tracing is being on your console as well They say your games your achievements your progression your accessories and your console experience with xbox all comes forward with scarlet So they're trying to make it sound like backwards compatibility won't be an issue I'm sure it'll be an issue in some situations, but they're going to try to make it as little of an issue as possible All right before we get to project xcloud in the xbox game pass announcements roger What do you think of project scarlet with what little we know so far? From what little we know in many respects It's very similar to what sony was offering for their next generation playstation now. What's interesting is they're talking about a new SSD technology that can act as virtual ram a lot of people have been pointing out something similar to intel's optane nvm nvme Solid state technology to basically Give the bandwidth that you need the rest of it is very interesting 8k comma 120 Frames per second variable fresh rate probably means they're probably aiming for 120 20 frames per second on 4k with ak Maybe somewhere around there like a halo ago, but probably not going to be achievable You know it's still too early to tell but it looks like they they wanted to release this announcement to at least match What sony announced about their forthcoming playstation? PlayStation console although i'm not being pretty cagey about it right so it's not hard to do this And it's also a very interesting note that amd is helping both again this time around Halo infinite was also announced as a launch title for project scarlet whenever it launches Let's get into the services xbox game pass ultimate launched out of beta to everyone So the plans that you can get From xbox for your pc or your xbox are as follows for ten dollars a month More than a hundred pc games for your pc. That's xbox game pass pc If you want to console ten dollars a month more than a hundred xbox games for the xbox game pass console games now separately if you want to play xbox online multiplayer games you need xbox live goal That's ten dollars a month However, there is a combination of xbox live gold with xbox game pass console games and xbox game pass pc called xbox game pass ultimate That's fifteen dollars a month which you pay close to thirty dollars a month if you've got each of them separately So they're giving you about half off The conversion ratio will apply if you're already a subscriber Let's say to xbox game pass and xbox live gold you can convert to xbox game pass ultimate And they'll take what months you have left on your existing subscriptions and convert them into credit For xbox game pass ultimate. So if you have any Codes or or credits that you need to apply you want to do that before You switch to subscribing to xbox game pass ultimate And they made a tiny announcement about project xcloud, which is a separate thing That's that's xbox's streaming game platform the xbox game pass is about downloading a game and having it on either your console Or your pc xcloud goes into preview this october In the preview it will give you the ability to stream games from your xbox To your pc your mobile devices, etc It won't be demonstrating the cloud service yet That's yet to come Although project xcloud will eventually stream from microsoft data centers to pc's console And mobile devices but to start in october It will just take games that you have on your xbox and give you the ability to stream them to Whatever you want mobile device pc, etc I'm gonna say I was really more excited about this ultimate game pass offer that they that they did just because Um, if you're if I have an xbox Uh and pc and pc gamer You do save a bundle on it and especially since gold, you know with gold lie xbox live gold Being with 60 bucks a year. I mean if you can kind of consolidate that stuff And I think this is what they were doing was just trying to push people to this ultimate pass anyway All right, it's a pretty good deal. I mean, I probably won't be able to take advantage until my kids quit harassing me when I have downtime But when they're older and I can sit down for an hour or so this this looks like a very compelling option Uh, it still remains to be seen what the 100 pc games are If there are a bunch of crap titles probably not as interesting, but I doubt that's what they'll do In the xcloud, you know, I'll I'll give it a whirl just to see how well it works on my spotty network at home Yeah, I mean and and if people are some people in the chat room are still kind of confused right now It's it's pretty to me. It seems pretty simple You've got xbox live to play online and xbox game pass to download And play games and if you want to combine them, it's $15 a month Yeah A part of it is they it's kind of like uh apple on itunes. They put the they put the the xbox and everything and it's kind of It does kind of yeah, exactly If you don't have an xbox you just get uh, you can still get xbox game pass ultimate That'll give you the online play with the pc games or you just get xbox game pass pc and just just play the the pc versions of the games But uh, but yeah, uh, I you know honestly I was not that blown away by this the xbox game pass changes seem like great changes It makes it makes the ultimate pass, uh, almost impossible to turn down if you're a gamer all the rest of the details I'm like, okay. That's part of your details, but Where we will decide whether it's a good new xbox where we will decide if project xcloud Is a really good streaming service is yet to be announced We didn't get any of the determining factors yet And I and I think a lot of this has to do with you know, they're still working on it But also trying to see what everyone else has up their sleeve, right? You don't want to give away Too much or reveal Things that might change down the road when you see what someone else has announced It's like, oh, maybe we can redo that. We'll stop time to change some of the marketing Yeah Thanks everybody who participates in our sub reddit gaming news there as well as lots of other news stories You can submit stories of your own and vote on others at daily tech news show reddit.com If you hang out on facebook join our group if you haven't already facebook.com slash groups slash daily tech news show All right, let's check in with chris christensen the amateur traveler who has a tip for powering your technology on your next travel This is chris christensen from amateur traveler with another tech in travel minute A new device has made it into my travel bag And I just used it on the trip that I did to africa and that is a travel power strip surge protector So this is a small power strip small enough to still fit in your backpack I'm using device by upway that has four usb outlets as well as two regular outlets You're still going to need a plug to plug it in no matter where you go in the world But the advantage of this one is that it does voltage all the way from 100 volts up to 240 volts What you don't want to do is take a us surge protector to most of the rest of the world That uses a higher voltage because that will fry it this device won't convert voltage So if you're bringing your hair straightener your hair dryer You still are probably going to need a voltage converter A travel power strip can help you in the hotel when they hide the plugs or also in the airports When there are just too few places to plug in i'm chris christensen from amateur traveler Thank you chris always always a pain trying to figure out voltage conversion like talk about make it a standard worldwide standard I know it would be almost impossible to get countries because no country's going to want to change their standard, right? Right, but man, that would that would be nice if someday we could all just travel wherever we want and just plug stuff in Let's be kind of except for the voltage problem, right? usb could be that standard that everybody switched to but you still have the different voltage delivery going on yeah Thank you chris. Uh, let's check out the mailbag. Let's do it So in a dts special, uh tom talked with yael eisenstad a policy advisor at the center for humane technology And and got a lot of good feedback. Um, we the you the two of you were talking about social disruptions and Who's to blame who needs to fix what is broken and one of the responses we got Uh, we'll we'll go ahead and and and not leave their name because they say first a disclaimer I work at google I don't speak for them that works at google So I have a definite bias on the question of who is responsible for the alleged harms of technology Ms. Eisenstadt made the claim that smart people should be able to solve these problems But I argue you can't even define the problems. I know it when I see it doesn't work in software You need to be able to quantify exactly what harms you're trying to avoid and what the mechanism of those harms is Saying the tech companies have smart people. They should fix it It's exactly as effective as saying god should make our world better If you don't know exactly what it is or how it could be made better Don't ask engineers to try and solve it for you because we can't do it Ask the scientists to understand it first then we might be able to come up with a solution The tech companies are engineering organizations It's like asking food producers to make food safer without understanding germ theory They could spend lots of money and effort on it and believe me they are but nothing good will happen Except by luck until the problems are understood Yeah, this is a great point. Uh, and I know uh, yeah I'll got a little excited about like listen I'm not the person who knows how to fix it But I think the companies have a responsibility to help fix it at the end And I'm sure that's what's that off someone who works at google understandably But it's still a really good point of we do need to define what the harms are and measure The effect of the harms and that is one thing that I wish I had asked her anyway, except when in my pre interview She said yeah, I I don't have much to tell you about the measurement side of things So really what that interview was about was sort of saying how do we determine? How do we get to the point that our our google employee here is saying? We need to then have the conversation about how do we define the harms and how do we measure Whether they are harms and if so how harmful they are so a great second Uh, a great number of questions that I think you should have at the end of that interview for sure Thanks for writing in. Yeah, we got we got a lot of feedback about this particular interview So, uh, you know, we'll keep them coming and thanks to everybody for caring and and providing your your your thoughts on the matter Well folks, uh, we thank you for supporting us. In fact, you got that yyle eyes and start interview a little earlier If you are a patron, uh, which is one of the things we do I also had an editor's desk this week where I talked a lot about The controversy with youtube And the demonetization or not Banning of certain channels If you want to get that kind of content and and just be part of the team If you want to be one of the heroes that keeps dtns live loud and independent Join us right now patreon.com slash dtns Our email addresses feedback at daily tech news show dot com We're also live monday through friday 4 30 p.m. Eastern 2030 utc find out more at daily tech news show dot com slash live If you're in the la area, don't miss the meet-up at the farmers market by the grove wednesday june 12 4 to 6 p.m We'll be back with patrick bezier tomorrow. Talk to you then This show is part of the frog pants network Get more at frog pants dot com Iron club hopes you have enjoyed this bro