Everybody forced here ripping 2022 Bowman's best baseball hobby eight bucks full case number 97 Pick your team style Alan R twins Alvin s rays and pirates Anthony J. Cardinals Bradley R angels and Mariners We've got Brian H. Blue J's Brian T. Dodgers Kato guardians and Orioles Chris s Royals Edward P Yankees Ezekiel with the Phillies Felix the Brewers Glenn K. A's Giants Astros Glenn W. Reds Jack s Rangers D. Backs Mets Justin M with the Braves Matthew N. White Sox Nathan J. Cubs Robert M. Nationals Ryan M. Padres Scott F. Red Sox Victor F. Tigers Rockies Oh, sorry Victor F has tigers Wayne has the Rockies and the Marlins. There we go. That's correct. Good luck everybody. Let's get started My mom has stamps Oh man Here we go Bowman's best. I've done a full case this in a in a while About as long as my last fortnight, though Except we got one last night Didn't we win one last night? Yeah, we did we went we won like one. Yeah wasn't you me Mad Dylan Oh, yeah, that's right. Oh, what? Oh, yeah, that's right. You mean jake played later. Who did we get a double with last night? I know it's Matt Matt somebody Matt Dylan Oh, Joe What up Shane? We're Shane's people's bro. How about that?  I didn't even play fortnight until two weeks ago I can only do one I can only do one battle royale. I can't do I can do I used to play call duty a lot and every I only played warzone like a little bit The very the very first time it came out On that remastered modern warfare All right, here we go y'all mini diamond red sox jd martin has to start us off. It's gonna be to two ninety nine We're a refractor yasam recedes factor jc young First auto going to the rays taj bradley Taj bradley base auto we'll get that uh dust off of it before we sleeve and top load it Boba shed green refractor blue jays to 99 One of the maybe one of the probably the best hitter in the american league so far This season a j rod water inserts but machete Dude vaughn that hold debacle last night I the sale news aside that hold debacle last night. Oh my god. I just refractor george kirby mariner's rookie Yeah, man. I'm I'm about done blue refractor auto to 150 nor have arrow white socks bookend 150 150 I can factor shohei otani. I could tell you was on the top of that with the chain is Fast oh Yeah, yeah, that's number one Atomic mic trout angels Fractor rookie say a Suzuki cubs Well, when masterpieces say a Suzuki Cross hoppy bias. I yeah, I agree vaughn. I agree He's like trying to base auto rangers yasam alrobel With purple refractor hosier amir as guardians. This one's going to be numbered to 250 Salvi Perez Volpe water refractor rookie maranda Twins Steve's here And you're in the lobby like for hours atomic Jackson holiday On the prospector royalty for the Orioles rookie refractor josh low raise No, all right. So I don't have the worst owners in the league It's not a high bar at all. The bar is the floor But they're not they're not worse than the a's Based auto journal wicks cubs refractor a lot of the green I think if you were to judge by like Big market teams that have spent money in the past And like have had success in the past of being bad owners. Yeah, they're number one on that list If you want to scale it if you have like a scaled list. Yeah for sure Oh, I they said I that said socks Yeah, Rockies are like top bottom three owners Rockies are terrible. They said socks Didn't know the Rockies are still playing major league baseball. I'm not as bad as the a's though Steve's gonna leave but come on Steve He does have to to mar johnson refractor Coolie Rodriguez bowman masterpieces Mariners Henry Davis base refractor Base auto blue jays louise maza bought by blue refractor Uh rickardo cabrera reds to 150 mini diamond gnats christian of a caro. That's out of 2.99 also O'Neill cruise water Refractor marcello mire rookie refractor shane boss rays green refractor auto a deal on the door Rockies 52 of 99 Rockies rookie refractor abram's nationals spots rolling in Down the four on dual case Sterling and museum down the four In 23 sterling in 22 museum Atomic Raphael Devers red sox rookie refractor jaren duran red sox Yeah, mookie didn't want to be in boston refractor chris bryant sup jeremy and otani lava prospective royalty auto orials jackson holiday That's fire 38 of 50 Great hit on the holiday Going out to kato with the orials Dick aqua lava jd martinez red sox Numbered to 199 rickier refractor torkelson tigers Rikier refractor mj melendez royals Rizzo refractor rookie auto jack suynski pirates Triantos refractor tautis All right two boxes in So matt is live on channel two with personals all night sign everybody He's got a decent queue so far But plenty of space of course going until uh really whenever I think midnight will be the latest but Head on over there get some uh get some orders rips mookie would have saved the offer to the most but I don't know man But tommyck mckelker barrett tigers refractor rikki mcgill mets You go tell him that shane refractor matt olson base rookie auto guardian steven qualm hit the qualm hit the qualm purple boba shed the 250 for the jays and a refractor rookie Gavin sheets white sox What's going on jeremiah rikier refractor hunter green reds Jeremiah how many times you heard that in your your life About the same amount of signs I've heard uh run for us run for us scum jokes Jayrod base rookie for the mariners Got refractor auto james wood nice hip hydras James wood hydra is refractor auto j rod ufo Is jeremiah you getting in on some uh every single day? Yeah, I figured you're gonna get in uh some extended series breaks this weekend Adelaide sports car. It's just a daily cruise insert. We'll topple that he's uh He is uh hitting pretty well Since the call up base auto Dodgers eddies Leonard Green mini diamond rangers kumar rocker to 99 Gavin cross we have some extended series breaks this weekend Atomic tauti's global impact hydra's Selamire soda refractor base auto marlin z and lewis a shea and elliott ramos rookie refractor It's random teams no p y t sorry jeremiah we never really break enough of like flagship hockey to Price out p y t's for like well to be end up like be in just a little a few breaks I'm in the ones of our night But I not cut this I did cut this the knife is just the dullest thing of all time Like the other side's not clean. All right, we're just gonna roll for it now Got him over there Pit crew captain shawn is gonna change the blade Sometimes are tough Rookie refractor and eel cruise pirates blade me Ooh someone just bought that last uh Did he just put it right on the Right there for now. I'll change it later because sometimes there's like stuff on it We're good for this break bobby wit Carter cabrera Someone just bought that last uh leaf pearl multi sport base auto royals daniel vasquez Royals followed by purple cabrayan haze Pirates out of 250 and jackson shorier refractor many diamond kuma rocker to 299 rangers And now like Thomas earth refractor colson montgomery atomic vladimir guerrero jr global impact for the blue jays Refractor natto Gold lava auto red socks edinson polino to 75 nice hit boston Edinson polino Pena ufo refractor vato making less of it. I thought atomic is eagle tovar rockies I mean we'll get most of the stuff they put out for hobby releases ricky refractor mckenzie gordon nationals I think they're gonna make less though james wood josh young. No, that was jayce young. Sorry jayce young refractor auto jonathan clausay for the mariners Blue refractor to 150 reds rickardo cabrera bobby wit jr refractor rookie royals refractor jram Like a walk refractor rookie redetmer's angels Base auto over the fillies yasuar garcia Yasuar garcia jordan laler and ricky refractor without brujan for the rays Yeah, definitely did definitely did those rangers at adc and yeah, we're watching basketball tonight, dude Although the rangers are like the best team in the american league They're like the hottest team of these right now that's even with the grom getting hurt gold lava Ryan mount castle orials number to 75 Global impact. Yachty molina refractor mookie refractor rookie joe ryan twins. I highly doubt at this point that uh Phenatics will be able to acquire panini base auto astros tether whitaker aqua lava rookie shane boss rays number to 199 refractor ryan wreckley Would have been nice, but Yeah I don't think that's gonna happen anymore. That's how they've gone about things fully Rodriguez rookie refractor rodrick arias base auto daryl arnais for the orials ellie dale accrues ufo refractor jordan laler atomic ryan wrackley for the giants for the refractor of jackson holiday refractor brooksley base auto angels denser guzman Purple refractor louis robert a 250 white socks refractor rookie brison stott billies I don't even know if that'll even happen vaughn with the soccer licenses that they currently have I just don't see it happening And if it is it's way way way down the line UFO atomic rookie bobby wit jr. Royals jackson choreo raffael devils Blue refractor auto to 150 you're gonna confide on for the reds Small garment refractor miguel cabrera Channel two Well, we just We don't have enough personnel to do drip right now channel two is what the baseball channel was So it's still kind of the same thing. It's just an extra channel, but instead of only baseball. It's just an all-purpose thing. So But we rearrange the schedule to try to Have better breaking times for us and for you essentially so rather than Being only on drip doing personal as we have another youtube channel We can do personal on friday nights wednesday nights other nights Other places to do group breaks if we wanted to schedule those as well at the same time It's like release days. They'll give us more options Which will give you guys more options Atomic roger garious yankees refractor jd martinez just with uh only having four breakers. That's that's probably how it be for the Ali's the future for now wander franco base semen wand refractor Base auto a dale amador rockies orange refractor rickardo cabrera in a 25 reds Christian and as for here factor wander franco rays For cure factor brindale cruise marlins I like to drip a lot, but Nobody wanted like not a lot of people wanted to go over there base auto jayce young for the tigers But there were so many promos and so many like things that we could do That made boxes cheaper over there for you guys We don't have enough personnel to do it right now suki Blue bob Yeah, it was a drip thing too. It wasn't anything we could do That was a drip thing because we don't change the audio settings at all. We just use obs and stream through drip That was all them panya bum and masterpieces Rikki refractor gabel arias guardians Blue refractor auto 150 young keel fernandez rockies Nice card there aqua lava anthony rizzo yankees the 199 refractor yordan alvarez So drifted a lot of things where they would like promote stuff in certain ways where they would Make it easier for us to You know make certain things cheaper, but rikki atomic Uh bum and masterpieces bobby wood jr royals Nope, no remote breakers. Unfortunately. We've already considered that and we just Aren't gonna do it rikki base auto ellie ramos giants We got plenty of space here at the shop in a pocket of break plenty of space I like sitting in hot traffic Like driving down the road not knowing if your car's gonna get hit or not. All right, couple boxes left here Many diamond mani machado padre's out of two ninety nine atomic mookie bets dodgers judge refractor A lot of baseball spots just came in we're down to four ten and three Again tool case sterling and museum breaking soon's got four to go NBA finals mixer. I don't think we have enough products to do an NBA finals mixer To be honest bone masterpieces wander franco and we don't there's releases that have come out they're having met a ton of them and Yeah, there's just like less less product coming out. I don't know why Gold auto to 50 brady house nationals Nice hitting that so the gold yasamur sedes twins to 50 also Rikki refractor steven quanguardians Rikki refractor nickledolo Atomic james wood for the nationals refractor rikki alex thomas dbecks But we've done plenty of tool case of flawless in that minutes. We've had a lot of big basketball breaks refractor auto rikardo cabrera reds Judge ufo. Well, it's a contrast. We've but we've done less mixtures overall so far this year For the past few months especially Fractor rikki lewis montel Rockies Base auto Rockies young kill Fernandez the green refractor next Uh kebrian haze pirates out of 99 christian poshay jack sewinsky rikki refractor rikki refractor cal rali mariners big number number Refractor auto yellow and confidant reds. This one has Yes, there's scuffs in the top left. I'll set a box wrapper out to the red spot here So you try to get down replaced Last one. All right. Here we go Super fracture time Atomic joe ryan rikki for the twins christian santana refractor latty jr refractor Base auto met simon wan Faye aqua lava rookie refractor ray shane buzz to 199 rikki refractor hulia rodriguez mariners Four to go dual case museum collection and 2023 sterling Tiered two teams for spot coming up soon rikki mini diamond bobby wit jr royals 299 earth bobby wit Jeremy panya rikki refractor stroves base auto for the giant siarro pomaris Ronald acunia rikki refractor jake burger white socks Guess the acunia has 28 steals already the season. It's like second of the majors Also hidden tanks Elijah green boba masterpieces refractor anthra guttietes Green refractor auto simon wan to 99 mets with a blue refractor alberpoulos the 150 cardinals ryan acunia Fractor rikki won yet past cardinals I think most of the the breakers that have been doing it for a while and have you know kind of done it well Like the bigger names that are doing are doing fine shane as far as I know Base auto nor have era white socks Simon wan refractor quarry seeker, but yeah, I don't really know also, I mean I should have a better idea, but People still break a bunch of the releases There's always people breaking stuff I think acunia is better than rikki hinderson All right, we got autos of nor have era pomares simon wan girling confidant young kill for nandes riccardo cabrera elliott ramos jace young adel amador The longevity is an interesting thing. I think the talent's better because he has more pop But longevity is different.  Yes, I'm a robell green refractor auto adel amador to 99 blue to 150 young kill for nandes girling confidant nor have era a green simon wan Gold lava to 75 at ensign polino and gold brady house the 50 as well as a jackson holiday lava to 50 Uh, uh, uh, prospective royalty auto. That's what it is For the orials. Thanks again, everybody awesome hit there on the holiday. Let's keep it going


This work describes flax fiber reinforced polymeric composites with recent developments. The properties of flax fibers as well as advanced fiber treatments such as mercerization, silane treatment, acylation, peroxide treatment and coatings for the enhancement of flax slash matrix incompatibility are presented. The characteristic properties and characterizations of flax composites on various polymers including polypropylene, pp, and polylactic acid, epoxy, bio-epoxy, and biophonolic resin are discussed. A brief overview is also given on the recent nanotechnology applied in flax composites. This article was authored by Hershey Keshav Yankar, James Njaguna, Huijun Zhu, and others.


Welcome to the Tick-Mill Update, I'm Kiana Daniels, CEO of Investiva.com. On Tuesday, oil dropped 5% on report that the Saudi oil output will return to normal faster than initially anticipated. We found out that German economic outlook remains negative despite improved investors' morale and that the U.S. industrial production rose 0.6% in August. On Wednesday, we'll be paying attention to the U.K.'s consumer price index and the Bank of Japan's rate decision. During the New York session, we have more risk events including Canada's consumer price index and the FOMC rate decision. Following the Saudi attacks, the Dollar-Cad pair has been on the rollercoaster ride and Wednesday's risk events may add on to the total volatility. On the daily chart, the pair is still struggling to break above the Ichimako cloud and the rally attempts have been capped at the 50% of the Banachi retracement level. If today's volatility brings confirmation of the recent bullish market sentiment, we could see further gains towards the 61% and 78% of the Banachi retracement levels respectively at 1.3291 and 1.3353. Of course, trading in the financial markets involves a risk of loss and you should only trade the money you can afford to lose. If you liked this video, give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our social media. I will get back to you with more updates tomorrow.


Alright, let's look at another related rates problem. And the biggest challenge to setting up a related rates problem is to write down a relationship between the variables. And often the biggest challenge there is identifying what's actually a variable. So for example here, you have a 20 foot ladder leaning up against a wall, the base of the ladder is pulled away from the wall at 5 feet per second, the top of the ladder maintains contact with the wall. How rapidly is the top of the ladder moving when the base is 8 feet from the wall? So useful any time we have the option of doing so, let's sketch a picture of the situation described. So here is my picture of great artistic merit showing a ladder up against a wall. And probably the most useful question to ask here is, if something changes, we should represent it by a variable. So we want to know what changes and what stays the same. So here's an important possibility. What is the height of the top point of the ladder change? Well, let's draw a couple of pictures at the very beginning. The top of the ladder is up here someplace. And as I pull the base of the ladder away from the wall, the top maintains contact with the wall.  Let's try that again, I'm going to pull it away. I'm going to pull it, pull, move, move, there we go. Alright, so there I've dropped the ladder down. And I'm going to pull that a little bit further away. I'm going to give it another pull, pull it away a little further, and it's there. And so notice that the top of the ladder was up here, but it's dropped down to here, which means that the height changes so it should be represented by a variable. How about the length of the ladder? So at the beginning, I have a ladder that's this long. And as I pull the base away from the wall, I have a ladder that is still the same length. And if I keep pulling it away from the wall, the length of that ladder is still 20 feet. And since the length of the ladder doesn't change, we can use the actual length of 20 feet. Finally, how about the distance of the base of the ladder from the wall? Well, part of the thing that will make this confusing is that we're interested in what happens when the base is 8 feet from the wall. And if we read this as a constant, we're going to have a very difficult time with the problem. So let's analyze this. Does the distance of the base change? So right now, the base is so far from the wall, but if I move the base of the ladder away from the wall, maybe to here or maybe to here, the base gets farther and farther away from the wall, the base is a variable. And so it should be represented by a variable. And so that says that I have one thing that's constant, the length of the ladder, and I have two things that are variable, the height of the ladder and the length of the base. So I want to represent those as variables and the length is a constant. Now the information given tells us that the length of the base is changing at some rate by feet per second. And so that's a rate of change with respect to time. So I know that the derivative dB dt is equal to 5. I am interested in knowing how rapidly the top of the ladder is moving. So that's going to be a rate of change of H, again, presumably with respect to time, because that is what our units are given in. So I want to find dH dt, and in particular, I'm interested in that value when the base is 8 feet from the wall, when B is equal to 8. Now remember, B is a variable, so I'm not going to substitute this value in until the very end of the process. So first off, I can look for any relationship whatsoever between the variables that I have. Well, it's B, that's H. If I knew the area of this triangle, I might be able to express it, but I don't. So how about the Pythagorean theorem? That's a good one to fall back on. So I have a right triangle there, so I know by the Pythagorean theorem, B squared plus 8 squared equals 20 squared, and there is some relationship between the variables. Now again, I'm looking for the derivative with respect to time, so I'll differentiate with respect to t. And a little bit of analysis goes a long way. So over on the left-hand side, I have 20 squared is a constant, so if I differentiate that, I get 0. Over on the right-hand side, I have a sum, so if I differentiate a sum, I get the sum of the derivatives. And again, the thing to remember is chain-roll, chain-roll, and chain-roll. If you're not applying the chain-roll, there's a good chance you're missing something. So let's see, I have two functions here, they're both squaring functions, so to make things easier, I'll ignore everything except for that last function. I have the derivative of 8 squared, and so that's going to be 2 times the derivative. So there's a chain-roll and the kindergarten-roll, put everything back where you found it. And so I have 2b times the derivative of b, 2h times the derivative of h, as my relationship between the derivatives. Now if I know three of these things, I can figure out the fourth one. So let's see, what do I know? Well I know I'm interested in a place where the base is 8 feet away from the wall, so I know b is 8. I know that db dt is 5, the base is being pulled away from the wall at 5 feet per second. So I know b, I know db dt, I have two things I am looking for, I am interested in how rapidly the top of the ladder is moving, so I want to know this dh dt. So I need to know h. Well if I know that b is 8, then I can use this original relationship between b and h to figure out what h is. So if b is 8, I know this is 20, and so that tells me h after all the dust settles is square root 336. So that's just substituting my value of b into this equation here and solving for h. And if I make those substitutions, I end up with this expression which has just one thing I don't know, dh dt. And I can solve for dh dt is minus 8 over square root 336. Always look for what the units are. This is the rate of change of h with respect to time. This is a change in h is h is the height, that's got to be something in feet, with respect to time, that's a change in time and the only time units we have are seconds. So this value dh dt must be an amount that's expressed in feet per second. A useful thing to do if we happen to be able to do it in the particular case in question is to consider the fact that dh dt is computed to be a negative amount. And what that says is that h is decreasing. And if I actually do pull the base of the wall, base of the ladder away from the wall, I would expect h to be decreasing. So here's a nice reality check. The final answer that I get indicates that h is decreasing and that's exactly what I would expect in this physical situation. So there's many possible places that this computation could have gone wrong if I'd gotten the derivative wrong, if I'd gotten the values of h wrong, if I'd gotten any of a number of other things wrong. But at the very least, I'm getting an answer that is heading in the right direction. So that's a good check to make anytime you finish a problem like this.


I hate to disappoint you, but I'm not Frank, and I'm not a distinguished engineer, but I do work at Cisco, and apologies, Frank couldn't be here, he had the bug and couldn't get on the plane from Germany, so I stepped in. I'm Chris Flotner, and I'm actually in the edge group on the business side doing the product definition, but working on some of the products that actually are described here. So let's see if I can do justice to Frank's talk. If not, please don't boo, but feel free to ask questions, by the way. So if you've been in the industry for a while, you know that there's always a pendulum, sometimes people are talking about centralized computing, sometimes decentralized computing, sometimes the client is in the focus, sometimes it's the server, and this pendulum kind of goes back and forth every 10, 15 years, and there's a new kind of norm in the industry. Now, we think that this is actually happening now as well, at least a little bit. There's still a lot of momentum towards the cloud, but there are some users that are now swinging back towards the edge to solve certain problems that they think the edge is actually more suited for. We'll get into that, what type of problems these might be. But what's different here is that's not a paradigm switch, in a sense that people are expecting a lot of the goodness that they've gotten used to from cloud computing, but they now expect a very similar paradigm to actually exist for edge compute as well. And what are the reasons for this? Some are related to just costs, how much does it cost to actually move something to the cloud and move it back, and that's an issue in certain applications. Real-time performance, regulation, these are all kind of driving a migration towards the edge, but I would add one more to this, and in general, which is just about robustness. How do you actually come up with complex distributed applications that are actually robust and run partially at the edge, partially at the cloud, but delivering the right kind of user experience? So, the challenge now is not to actually completely detach from the cloud and come up with a new paradigm and kind of go back to the good old days of desktop computing, but rather take a lot of the learnings from the cloud and apply it at the edge and make distributed resources easy to use. The, I guess the key metrics for that are, can you make it easy? Can you hide the complexity that's actually inherent in the edge deployments? Can you do that quickly without having to set up a lot of the resources? Can you automate a lot of these processes? And can you make it very familiar to all those developers that have used to the convenience of the cloud and the tooling that actually they used day to day? But before we can get into that, we have to talk about which edge we're actually talking about. And if you go to edge talks, often it can be quite confusing. Some people mean data centers at the edge, other people mean tiny devices at the edge, but thankfully the Linux Foundation actually defined some of these in a easy to access image like this one. And they kind of approach it the following way. There are a set of edge technologies that are driven from the cloud out that are really trying to replicate cloud-like functionality edge devices. And then there are another set of technologies that are from edge in. They start with the end nodes and then push towards functionality that those end nodes benefit from at the edge. What we are interested in is primarily defined as a smart device edge. So it's and perhaps and the small side of the on-prem data center side. Very much an appliance view of the world as opposed to a general data center view of the world. So what is that transition about? So we used to having simple devices at the edge that are that could run maybe one application or two and now actually it was a single device, but actually what we see is a need for actual multiple devices that provides some level of redundancy, some level of scalability at the edge nodes. The, if you look at a lot of the existing edge deployments especially if you kind of go back to the IoT space you see a lot of custom solutions that are organized around verticals. I think what's actually happening in this new edge is that those are becoming much more horizontal. You don't have to think in terms of silos in terms of vertical solutions, but there's some degree of commonality between these solutions that can be factored out to enable scalability at the edge. And what we have to do is to move from a manual deployment model to automated as a service deployment model. And when I say manual, historically some of this stuff has been incredibly manual and done by people that were not computer scientists but they were actually in a construction engineers or building a lamppost and things like that and they were expected to do some level of manual configuration. Now you can kind of figure out what went wrong with a lot of those projects. But in this world what we'd like to do is to move to a completely automated system that can actually be done remotely but with the help of people that actually are at the edge. So a deployment scenario is on this picture quite simple really. You have a set of end nodes, sensors and actuators that communicate to one or more devices at the edge which then actually communicate with some backend in the cloud. What makes this use case complicated is not that part of it but the fact that you actually now have to multiply that in times and you want to actually make that work, want to manage them centrally and want to have a consistent user experience. So we call that edge native to play in words with cloud native. With the expectation you can take a lot of the technologies that you love on the cloud side and actually apply it to the edge compute model. And what does that look like? If you go back about a decade I think Heroku had these principles of how you ought to be building stuff if you want to make them robust. And it's a pretty good set of rules. Sorry there are 12 factors not 11. I can't remember which one I forgot but there's a pretty good set of rules that people have been following ever since. And I think most of these actually apply at the edge today with small twists on them and ones that I would highlight are the following. So at the edge you still care about dependencies and policies but some of those policies might be local to the site at the edge. So some of the policies might be centralized some of them might actually be bespoke based on where the application is running. The backing services that are coupled to the main service now could be remote because not everything that you do at the edge has to be at the edge. It's fine to actually rely on some services and storage in the cloud side, et cetera. Now concurrency is the bit that gets more complicated because we're used to kind of scaling things up by the processes or the containers and things like that. But here you actually have to scale the sites and that's a very large lever that you have if you go after large deployments. Now disposability is another key because if you're managing lots and lots of sites suddenly you can't afford to care about all of them all the time. So you should think about them as disposal of resources that can be brought up torn down, be started at will, and hopefully without much complication. Another area I would highlight is actually logs. So when they wrote this decade ago logging was the thing. I think if you're doing things at scale you suddenly have to start moving towards metrics because otherwise you just get lost in the noise of all the data that these computers are generating for you. So let's dig into these a little bit more.  And essentially the edge computing paradigm gives you another dimension of scaling which is the number of sites you have. You can also complicate this even further if you now actually have cross site redundancy and priorities and things like that. But even a simple approach just gives you another access that you have to manage and think about. So sites that I refer to are just an abstract notion of location and it's a collection of compute nodes that in a certain location. Now Frank actually points out that they don't have to be. It can be any collection. You can organize these sites in any logical way that you'd like but often it's a very useful thing to aggregate them based on where they are actually located. And the other key here is that these are multi-purpose nodes so the expectation is that they don't just run a single application dedicated to a single use case but these things can run whatever you'd like and you can change your mind about it later. So on the disposability point this is really driven by the user experience that we want to enable. Now one of the property of these sites is that it's very likely that there's no IT person there. There's no DevOps persons actually maintain these sites and the debugging process will be very much like we were used to on Windows and control all deleted when it doesn't work. Here somebody's gonna push the switch and the site needs to come back up if there was a failure and it better actually work right out of the box. That means that there's no debugging, very little involvement from somebody that's actually knowledgeable about the operation of that particular site. You just need to make it work and recover from failure and actually connect back if you wanna succeed at managing these things at scale. I think I've already mentioned the backing services in the Heruka model on the left. Those are attached to the deployments directly. In the model that we think works for the edge some of the obviously some of these backing services may not actually be at the edge so that you have to kind of worry about connections to them. That's okay it just gives you a little extra work to actually make sure that those connections can work as well. Now to enable this type of operations things have to be declarative and have to start from the edge in reaching to the cloud. The if you actually have another operation model which is pushing things out from the cloud side you often will run into problems when you have to deal with complicated network topologies and or misconfigurations. So the way in our view this actually works is that you kind of have to make it work in the common case, multiple NAT transitions and multiple screw ups along the way and try to make it robust. I've mentioned logs already and this is actually an interesting area of research. What do you do with the information that's contained in these logs? Now a lot of people just like to dump them somewhere and in case they need it and then analyze it. Now if you have a hundred sites and a hundred sites times five machines distributed over relatively slow links this aggregation becomes a hard problem and it may take forever to actually look at these logs. So what we think you need there is actually much better observability metrics that are actually smart about what information they communicate back to the cloud. And the transition to metrics is one thing but also what you'd like to do is not to treat each metric equally but really focus on the important ones. When something goes wrong, when something changes when something is out of the ordinary. This is actually an area that I think requires some innovation at the edge because it's a quite different model than what we're used to in the other side of the connection. So actionable information is gold and the question is how do you turn raw data into actionable information? The picture on the right is actually from a paper that Frank and his co-authors wrote that actually tries to do that. They're doing clustering algorithms on very highly dimensional data that they get out of metrics and they were trying to figure out actually when they should look. Is the machine working okay or is there some sort of a problem with it? And they found that actually it's possible to do this by doing some fairly sophisticated statistical analysis on it. If you're interested in this stuff there are two papers that actually describe this. I think this is actually the future of how we will be doing monitoring of these edge devices. Much more automation, much less communication overhead. So what does this look like from deployment and operations perspective? And if we, I mean, I probably don't have to explain it to you guys but Kubernetes kind of looks like this.  And this is kind of the model that we're advocating for the edge as well except doing it one layer above this. Now your sites are the chicken because they can go down, disappear, get rebooted and they should come back up and then there's a control panel that's actually for all of your sites together that has to exist and work so that when these sites come back up they know actually what to do. So the chicken or cattle can feel any time but obviously your collection of sites shouldn't. So I already mentioned that this should be based on some sort of a pool model there's a defined state that the site should get into and when they actually come up they should pull the information that relates to them. So it's very much a declarative model that we are advocating and driven by the edge as opposed to, edge in as opposed to from the cloud out. So here's a deployment example of the system we're building and again here's this blue guy that wants to roll out a new site and deploy an app. So that's the example I walk you through. So what are the three things that are in this demo? There are apps, there are the applications that are deployed to the sites. As I mentioned there are sites, I just groups of nodes usually geographically grouped and the app nodes in this case are small computers and you'll see it's just a Raspberry Pi. Oh, there it is. And that is indeed Frank's hand. So that's it. And the point of this is we actually, the prototype we have actually runs on much bigger computers and we're aiming at a lot of interesting machine learning workloads with this system but it can work on whatever we've got. So I'll show you how you define a new site, how you can add an app node and associate it with the site and then deploy the app on top. So let's see, okay started. So that's the user interface for GradeBear which is an edge management platform that we're building. And here you can see a few sites that have already been defined in Europe. So there one is Switzerland, France, UK and there's nothing in Cologne and Cologne is where Frank actually lives. So he's gonna show you how you can add a site right here and I think he's giving his home address here so please don't swat him. Or okay, no it's not his home address, it's somebody else's address. And then he's defined that site and then the next step along the way, and if I could actually see the screen, yeah there it is. You can add the Raspberry Pi and all you have to do is add the serial number and through all of this, through the software infrastructure, associate it with that site and it will get boost-strapped into the GradeBear edge cloud. So you can see that now it's actually scheduling and it's finally been assimilated. It's part of the Borg now. And then the next step will be to actually deploy an application on top. So there it is. We have a few applications already in this system that we've developed but obviously you can add in many more. And the example that we're gonna show you next is actually around event-driven displays, EDDs. So the application deployment itself is really quite simple. You just have to add in the required information about the secrets, you turn on some configurations and after that it'll be all okay. And you can see in this example, these are displays. So what he's doing there is turning on the VNC displays so that these edge devices can actually display something on a monitor connected to them. So quite straightforward. If you look at solutions today for that same type of problem, you will see a lot of bespoke, expensive and bespoke appliances that you can only use for that purpose. What we're showing here is a much more general purpose approach that you can actually then do, I should restart it, I don't understand. Yeah, general purpose approach to actually the same problem where you might have multiple applications, you might wanna change your mind what you use those devices for and in fact you might change your mind about which application you actually wanna run. So event-driven display will render some content and I just walk you through an example of actually how that works with Great Bear. You can use this for digital signage, video surveillance, just posting stock tickers, whatever you'd like. And, oops, sorry. And it works like this. So you actually, once you have your site set up, why is this so small? Sorry guys, my eyes are going and I find it quite difficult to actually see the size of this. Let me make it bigger, there it is, okay. So you see all the sites that have actually been defined in Great Bear. By the way, this can be done for every tenant separately. So in this SASS, you get to pick your own sites. You can share them with others. And in this case, it shows five sites across Europe. And the use case here is really quite simple. There are a number of displays connected to these Great Bear devices and we're gonna show www.cisco.com on the displays connected to them. And you get full control about what you show on each of them. Here we're gonna show the same webpage, but you can show whatever you'd like. And this is how you do it. So on the right are three sites, Budapest, Raleigh, and Cologne. Now you'll see a computer that was actually used during the demo and again, Frank's hand on the right, driving it, and what we're gonna do is actually deploy the application. So you get to choose where you wanna deploy, specify the content on the applications. In this case, the application was already launched. Now it just says send this new URL to them and you'll see very quickly that they start updating. The top two machines are actually beefier machines. It takes the Raspberry Pi a little bit longer to actually get the updates, but they're all in sync. They're all decoupled from each other and we managed to actually launch a simple application. Now, obviously this is not all what you can do with Great Bear, but the whole point here is that this is the kind of the foundational infrastructure part of something that you can use to build a large scalable and robust system. And it ties together a lot of underlying technologies built on Kubernetes that should deliver this and it has the operating model that was designed for robustness and scale at the edge. So we've shown you how we can actually deploy things very quickly. There are a couple of other points I wanted to make here about how easy it is to do this and how it's actually familiar with the cloud-related tools if you actually wanna use this system. And I guess the first point is how do you get some apps in? And some example of these apps that we run on these are related, we are actually very much interested in a lot of machine learning workloads so there's an edge AI component to this. But when you're actually moving something to the edge, you might have to massage the application itself. It might be too beefy to fit on the device that you have available at the edge. So in this case, you might actually have to shrink down those models or you might have to do federated learning because actually near the edge where you're trying to do some learning, people don't give you direct access to the data. Sorry, they give you direct access to the data at the edge, but they don't want you to actually take the data elsewhere so you deploy federated learning on it. To actually enable that, you need to manage the data flow between the application and then the local, the data sources. And sometimes you have to do, as I showed you earlier, some of the rendering in IO, take care of it just like you would on a PC. So here's an example of something you can do with edge AI. So you have an AI model which you'd like to deploy at the sites at the edge and you have a problem because you have two new models, one is a bit too large for the edge device and the other one doesn't run fast enough. And those are two things that can easily happen if you have edge devices. Unlike on the cloud side, you can't just specify a beefier instance. To have a beefier instance at the edge requires somebody to go out there, get a new board, plug it in, set it up. So here you actually have to adapt your application to the needs of the edge as opposed to the other way around. So why do you care about frame rates? In a lot of inferencing algorithms, it actually matters, it impacts the quality of the inference itself. In an example that we had, for example, depending on the, sometimes the inferencing engine would see five people, sometimes if you actually increase the frame rate, it would see six because it has more granularity on the images and it can actually pick up the six person that was obstructed earlier on. So what do you do if you're constrained by the resources available at the edge? There are a number of things you can do. You can actually apply hardware acceleration. Now, if you have that specialized hardware, you still have to figure out how to use it from software. So that's always a tricky thing. You could code design, but it's an option that you can do. The other thing you can do is model compression. You take a model and then you try to get the most optimal representation for the given device. There are a lot of tricks in the toolbox to actually do this and there are systems that help you achieve this and or you can use your own flow to actually massage the models in place. The point is you have to have some amount of knowledge to be able to do this. Or you might try to actually split a model across multiple edge devices. Now, all of these are things that you probably should do or must do depending on your application constraints. And the, how you actually do it is that there are a number of papers actually we've written but they're also in the research community that can actually tell you how to do this. You have to find kind of a part of this network that's easily cuttable and at the same time doesn't have bandwidth requirements that overwhelm the edge system. But that can be done by heuristics. You won't get a perfect, you're most likely won't get the most optimal setup but you will get something that allows you to actually cover the envelope and use the resources that you have available at the edge. So, again, the edge is similar to the cloud but it has different constraints and it requires different tooling to actually make the most of it. Now, one example of this is just the AI at actually getting a model to work there which you can do with some AI magic and running through the workflows. And as a result, you might take something that actually initially was around one frames per second and with some work, you can actually increase it to 2.4. Now, this is just an example of what you can do but this is kind of a factor of two to three improvements and a model inference is often possible with these tools. If you need a factor of 10, you probably should actually pick a different model to start with. So, you have to design for the edge in some degree but you get to leverage a lot of the tools that everybody else would be using on the cloud side as well. So, by splitting and distributing the model, we can actually maintain a given frame rate at the application layer and that can be good enough to get started even if it's using multiple machines but you need a toolkit of these ideas to actually leverage the edge. So, what about model training? I already mentioned federated learning as an interesting use case for ML at the edge and that comes from the simple recognition that a lot of people don't really want to give you access to the data that they have but they might give you access to an AI algorithm and they don't want you to take the data home but you can run the learning locally and actually extract some learnings from it. So, federated learning is a technique to achieve this and it kind of works like this. You have private data in three customer locations but you'd like to have a global model based on all the customers. So, you're trying to train a single model globally but we don't have global access to the data, you just have local access to the data. And the way this works is that you actually train three different models. These preserve privacy and then there's a methodology to aggregate it back to the global model on top. There's actually a project we've created open source called Flame that actually does this. This can be done very in, so you can do this today. There's a lot of interest in privacy sensitive areas for example in healthcare where people are trying to apply these techniques to extract information. So, federated learning actually kind of fits the principles of the edge native model. You pull the global model, you push the model updates and you keep the data private and local at each location. So, the summary is this. Edge native enables a cloud like experience at the edge and it enables a transition hopefully a smooth one as the pendulum swings back towards the edge from the cloud. The main trend that we see is that people have solved this with point solutions in, solutions aimed at different verticals but the edge native actually allows people to kind of combine these into a platform and have a horizontal solutions that can actually work across verticals so they can use one solution to address all of them. And this is the end. By the way, if you're interested in this, there's a blog post that you can read and I believe the QR code can lead you there for more information on edge native. Thank you very much. I'm not sure if we have any time for questions or are we done? Do we have any more time or is this the end? Okay, well we have two minutes. So, if you have any questions just ask me by the seat. Thank you.


We are live on YouTube and we're going to start the webinar. We are live. Welcome. We're going to give it a moment for folks to get in. I will put in the chat box tonight's link to our document or shared document. This document contains a library information, library news, but also links to our presenter and her book. And as we go along and as the presenter speak always resources come up, I will add to that doc and hopefully try and link it back to the library's catalog. I'm going to be in for a treat. Welcome tonight everybody. All right it's seven o'clock so we'll start with library news and updates, and I want to thank Ursula pike and Michelle opinion for being here tonight, and taking part in our big summer stride. So it is summer stride and it's not just for kids, all ages, read, learn, play, watch, go to events, do your 20 hours of any of those things, and you can get our San Francisco public library iconic tote bag, and you can do that any of our 28 locations. All right. So, we want to give a land acknowledgement, the San Francisco public library acknowledges that we occupy the unseeded ancestral homeland of the raw material lonely peoples, or the original inhabitants of the San Francisco peninsula. We recognize that as that we benefit from living and working on their traditional homeland, and as uninvited guests affirm their sovereign rights as first peoples, and wish to pay our respects to the ancestors elders, relatives of the raw nutrition community. And now I'm going to throw in the chat box, a link to some reading sources and some great websites on indigenous culture, and particularly aloney. And I'll shout out sagorate land trust which is an all women run organization in the Bay Area working on land rights and land back movement so check them out. They have this amazing thing called the shumi tax, where you can calculate how much tax you can pay, or should pay.  It's very fair. I paid under $100 a year. So it's very, it's very interesting check out their website. And if you don't know what land you're joining us from, you can check out native land map. It's an interactive map. It'll also show you any treaties that are in place or any treaties that were broken. So that is a really interesting map. All right. Like I said, it is summer stride so we have a whole bunch of stuff coming up still to go and we want to thank our friends of the San Francisco public library for supporting us in all of this amazing program. It has a on the same page it's called which is a by monthly read where we encourage all of San Francisco to read the same book at the same time. So we chose for July and August a good beach sizzle read, and the one and only Miss Beverly Jenkins with her book, Wild Rain. It's not your typical bodice ripper either because it has feminism and it has family planning. I was very surprised by this book so check it out at any of your 28 locations. And then we will be having an author talk on August 23, 7pm, same place, same time. In August we celebrate all things food, and we keep our partnership nomadic press going on we've had them all summer long, and they have our poets coming out, talking about their love of food. And just a few programs I'm going to hit on. Joanne Losch, who is a bartender at notorious the Soviet spar, and she has written the most hilarious book and it's really verbatim over her convo and chat at the bar so really great. And this will be in person at the main library August 2.  August 5 will be talked to Suzanne cope will be in conversation with Cleo Silver her book power hungry women of the Black Panther, and freedom summer their fight to feed a movement. And I'm just going to show you quickly how much amazing stuff we have coming up. And a lot of this stuff is in person, but also hybrid, which we are exploring. She's like an icon now to she's just like a powerhouse in the vegan industry, so she's going to be actually talking about dairy farming, and she has a ranch that she runs and it's, you know, all about being for animals. She's amazing. Christina Cho, who is now a two time James beard award winner will be at our Richmond branch. And my favorite can't wait to hear about this is the Bay Area food co ops and this will be a panel in our correct auditorium. We'll be streaming featuring other avenues who are just like, you know, an established SF, you know, business they've been in business for many, many years, and we'll have air is Mindy my favorite bakery in town, and the deep which is grocery co op in Oakland and collective co op from Venetia, and then we'll talking about the democracy of food co ops, and like the last democracy of the working force. So come check that out. I know it's going to be a powerful panel. And without all of that without further ado, I'm going to introduce tonight's panel tonight's presenters. So I'm really excited I am a huge fan of heyday books. I just can't even say enough there you always partner with us and they're just really giving of their time and their authors are always giving up their time so thank you Ursula for being here and giving your time, and as well as being with Michelle. So tonight we'll be talking about Ursula Pike's book and Indian among Los Andeja and Dana, and he was going to look at Los Andeja and this, a native travel memoir. So tonight's memoir up in the white writer canon of travel memoirs with sharp, honest and unnerving examination of the shadows of colonial history. Even the most well intentioned attempts at cross cultural solidarity. It is also the debut of an exceptionally astute writer with a mastery of deadpan wit. When Ursula was 25 she boarded a plane to Bolivia and began her two years service in the Peace Corps. A member of the Karooftide tribe, I sought to make meaningful connections with indigenous people halfway around the world. But she, when she arrived in La Paz with trepidation, as well as excitement. Knowing I followed in the footsteps of Western colonizers and missionaries who had claimed they were there to help. In the following two years as a series of dramatic episodes brought that tension to a point and point. She began to ask, what does it mean to have experienced and the effects of colonialism firsthand, and the risk becoming a colonizing. Because the author of an Indian among last indebtedness, a native travel memoir, and again this is from heyday books, Ursula lives in Austin, Texas and writes about identity, Native American issues, economics, travel and powwows. She has an MFA in creative writing nonfiction from the Institute of American Indian Arts and a master's degree in economics from Western Illinois University. She is a member of the Karooftide, her work has appeared in lit hub, yellow medicine review, Ligea magazine, World Literature Today and Oh Dark 30. And joining her in conversation today is Michelle La Pena, a member of the Pitt River tribe and mother of three. She's Indian law attorney represents Indian tribe since 1999. She's published several law reviews, law review articles, essays and creative nonfiction articles on topics relative to her work with the California Indian with California Indian tribes. Her poetry has recently been published in Warren's literary view, yellow medicine review, red ink and news from the native California. Her first short story was published in wax wing in 2018, and she received her BA in 1993 with her JD and 1998, both from the University of California Davis. She is the recipient of a 2015 Truman Capote creative writing fellowship and earned her MFA creative writing from the Institute of American Indian Arts in 2017. Her novel manuscript The Fantasy Spring is nearly completed and she is currently working on a poetry chat book. When the book is complete Michelle please come on back and we would love to hear about it. All right, I am going to stop talking and turn it over to Michelle and Ursula Pike. Wow, thank you, Anissa for that great information. I want to come back you guys have so much exciting stuff going on this summer. That's great. Michelle. Thank you so much for joining me for this conversation. I'm, I'm really excited. It's a pleasure to be here. I'm excited to hear you read from your book. And we are going to be talking about the book, an Indian among those indigenous, and I probably misspelled that or mispronounced it, but I love the book, and I'd love to hear your voice telling us part of your story. Great. All right, well I will start with the beginning of chapter two, which just kind of gives an overview of Bolivia, and it's called the chapter is called Coach Abamba. Bolivia was isolated, isolated by mountains and expanses of sparsely populated rugged terrain. It was a landlocked country that lost access to the Pacific Ocean in 1904 after a war with Chile. In Bolivia, the Andes Mountains broke into two separate ranges and continued bumping along South America into Chile and Argentina. There were mountains of snow-capped mountains with tranquil llamas silently chewing in the foreground. But Bolivia also had mountains of jagged orange and slate jetting toward the sky. Centuries of wind and rain erosion had revealed layers of red and gray minerals. There were mountains around the tree-less steep mountains because there was no going over them. In Potosí, the high altitude bone-chilling city whose silver deposits inspired the hot greed of Spaniards. The hard brown shape of Cerro Rico, literally rich mountain, could be seen from every narrow street and open plaza. It was also home to the world's largest salt flat, Salar de Uyuni, an expanse of horizon-skimming whiteness that stretched for mile after barren mile. An Aymada Indian story explained that the mountains surrounding the salt flat were once giants. One of the giants deserted his wife for another woman while his wife was breastfeeding their child. She cried and cried, and the tears mixed with the milk and ran down her chest in white streams covering the vast area between them. When it was dry, the sun reflected off the salty whiteness. Light-skinned tourists were burned to a shade of pink, not unlike the flamingos that flocked there to mate every November. During the rainy season, a thin layer of water accumulated on the surface and turned the salt flat into a giant mirror that reflected the sky and erased the horizon. Tourists were drawn to the remoteness, to the myth of Bolivia's savage purity. It let them prove they were travelers and not tourists. Tourists ordered frozen blue drinks from the hotel bar. Travelers, by contrast, rode buses without shocks for 50 cents while suppressing their explosive diarrhea, proving their hardiness. What about the grandmother seated next to the traveler? She'd been riding the same bus for 20 years. The bus was luxurious compared to the back of the truck she'd ridden the previous 20 years. Would she see a difference between a traveler and a tourist, or would she simply see a gringo riding through her country as though it were a roller coaster? The eastern border of Bolivia pressed up against the backside of Brazil. The rivers from that region flowed into the Amazon basin, and the jungles were full of the world's largest rodents. Thick vegetation and piranha. By the 1990s when I was there, the eastern lowlands were one of the poorest regions of Bolivia. Giant cattle ranches with few cattle remained. Many hid processing operations that turned the coca leaves grown nearby into cocaine for North American snorting. I was told it was a dangerous, messy part of the country. Thick with yellow fever infected mosquitoes and no volunteers. But the tribes in these lowlands have built causeways that stressed for miles, controlling the water and enabling large communities to exist well before the Spanish showed up. The mountains, the solar and the thick jungles all made Bolivia a difficult place to explore. The isolation and remoteness helped the Quechua, Aymada, Guarani, and other tribes maintain their culture and language for centuries. Some of the tribes managed to stay hidden until the 20th century, but the riches in the ground itself worked against their efforts. Gold, tin, rubber, mahogany, cocaine, lithium, and even the water drew Westerners who did what they do, explore, infect, desiccate. But those natives were still there speaking their languages, dancing, and feeding themselves and their children. And I have one little part I'm going to read. It's called chapter 10. It's just a little part from the beginning of that. Misenyawi, which is a Quechua word that means cat eyes. Strikes across the country shut down the schools for weeks and the children from the center went home. Oh, I probably should give a slight explanation. So I was sent as a volunteer to work in a children's home in a rural part in a small community in Bolivia. And I call it the center. It was a children's center had about 100 kids. And the kids lived there during the school year there was a cook. There were teachers who helped the kids with their homework. So when I refer to the center in this excerpt, that's what I'm referring to. And then the three women that I talk about, they all worked at the center. And, and so here's a here's a little excerpt from that chapter. The teachers in Cantuta marched through the streets at night with candles. I saw my landlord's wife marching, but wasn't sure whether it was appropriate to wave at her from the sidelines. As though it were an independence day parade down Main Street. I was still able to buy food and supplies at the market, but didn't attempt to travel the coach of bomba for fear of getting stuck on the wrong side of the blockades. Both the Churango workshop and the bakery project sat idle, but every day I still walked up to the center because I knew my friends were there, and I had nothing else to do. I said, but it's okay. I'm thinking about leaving my poliera. He minute said one morning, as we all snacked on the last of the bread. I dipped it in my coffee shop, softening the edges a little. I didn't understand what she meant by day hard me boy era leave my skirt and looked at her day hard to keep her she said in a different way, but I still didn't get it. I understood that the words meant to leave or to quit but still was confused. I'm going to say Ursula don't you understand Teresa asked. She doesn't want to be a Cholita anymore. He many to didn't want to wear the traditional catch you address anymore. Why would you want to do that and what would you wear. I knew there were fewer Bolivian women wearing pull yet as than in previous decades, but I didn't think this was how it happened.  He many to explained how expensive the Poliera was, and how much money she'd save if she could dress in regular skirts and dresses. Teresa and Florencia nodded their heads in agreement. Both women were children of Poliera wearing Cholitas, but they didn't wear traditional clothes. It had to be about more than money. Everyone says that Cholitas are from the countryside and thinks that they are indios, he many to said Cholita was synonymous with Indian. Bolivians told me all the time that they were proud of their income ancestors, and the kids often bragged that cantuta meant sacred flower of the Incas in Quechua. Yet they knew what many people, especially the wealthier wider population of Bolivia, thought about Los Indios few wanted to be seen as an Indian. For a young woman like he manita living in town for the first time in her life without family nearby, being seen as a Cholita made it that much harder for her to succeed. Maybe she didn't want to be a cook's helper for the rest of her life. But what do you think I should do he many to look straight at me. All I could think was this is not right. The choice she faced symbolized why cultures disappear, why languages get lost, why my grandmother told my mother not to braid her hair in high school, because it made her look too Indian. Cholita should stay a Cholita, but it wasn't my place to say. It was easy for me to think my friend should wear poliera when I didn't have to walk through the world as a Cholita. And I understood why she wanted to tuck away her indigenous identity, despite being proud of it in order to survive. Maybe she wouldn't put it in those terms but that's what seemed to be happening. The feminists and me wanted her to be able to do whatever she wanted. Thanks so much. I love that. I love that chapter and the dialogue, the inner dialogue that you're having with yourself about all of these questions and the conflicts that you're having and interacting with other indigenous people and the kind of insecurities that you're having as a young woman with your own Indian and your own native identity. It's a really beautiful exploration of that. What really captured me was that you thought about it so much and I think that might be a distinction between sometimes indigenous peoples' way of communicating is that we might think more about what we should say in a particular instance and might be more careful about how our words might land on somebody than perhaps other people than other cultures where there might be a more instant dialogue back and forth. And so that really caught my attention throughout the book that you reflect that native perception and way of thinking. So it's lovely the way you've captured it here and you've done it so many times throughout the story. So my first question I want to ask is, your memoir tells us about your experience in the Peace Corps in Bolivia in navigating that space as a native person. So what would you tell a native person who wants to join the Peace Corps today? And again, I'm assuming that there is the Peace Corps because I really done my research on that. So tell us a little more about that. No, and there definitely still is a Peace Corps. I mean everyone was brought home because of COVID and now they're starting to send people back out. And actually I've had recruiters reach out to me and ask me to speak to groups. And I've said I will but I'm going to be honest about my experience and they are always open to that and I appreciate that. You know, the thing I would tell a native person who's considering it is to to consider it and that, you know, they can think about their experience when someone comes to their community to help, because as native people, we all have had that experience. I know I've had that experience of some well meaning, well intentioned outsider coming in to help our community. And, and sometimes it, it isn't helpful sometimes it's to serve their purposes more than, than it is to ours and they don't necessarily listen to us. But there's other people who have a, have a more respectful way of approaching that that assistance that, and that recognizes the full humanity and that native communities are thriving in many ways. So I think that that's what I would tell a native person considering it. And I also would tell them Peace Corps opens doors to graduate programs I mean I was able to get my master's degree because of a fellowship specifically for return volunteers. There are all kinds of resources that come as a result of the Peace Corps, the connection and the networking. And I just think I would really love to have more native people take advantage of those opportunities that that are available. And I think as a result of that experience. Yeah, and your, your story is a lot about how to become a giver. And the difficulties the challenges that come with being a giver and sharing and trying to aid other people because you explain that is it's a transaction, you know you're getting something out of it. And you, you were constantly searching for that the balance so that you weren't taking but you were truly giving and I love that that part of your book that thread that talks about giving because I believe very much in creating a giver economy and native people we certainly do that. Yeah, yeah, I see that and I see that in the community work that you do that so many of us do but you especially and I appreciate I'm glad that you that you notice that. Oh yeah, and Malcolm Margolin, you know who is the founder of heyday books your publisher has very strong beliefs about givers and so that's something that we are very much touched by so I think that's probably why they were so attracted to this book and why Malcolm thinks so highly of it. But you know, in addition, it also shares your story shares. You share a lot of very personal intimate details about your travels as a young woman in Bolivia.  And that is important in memoir because our memoirs are supposed to be truthful and honest depiction of of ourselves so I love that it has that humility and that honesty, but were you worried about sharing any of these details in a publication. That's a good question and it's something that I know I teach a memoir class and that's one of the first questions that a lot of students asked me about. And I, I wasn't so scared for myself, I mean I changed the name of the town and I obscured enough details about people because I was okay with people know that these are things that I did or happened to me, but I, I'm the one making that choice. They are not so I want them to be able to be anonymous if possible, but I really was trying to model some personal accountability. And people talk about their experience overseas and maybe don't confront some of the choices that they made or priorities that they had, and I really wanted to show just asking myself those hard questions because that's what I was thinking about when I was there. And I also was really lucky that I worked with Melissa Fibos and Alyssa, Alyssa was shoot a who both have memoirs that are incredibly intimate and honest about their life experience and I, I saw how much power that gave them to, to talk about their experiences in complete, completely honestly. And you know, another thing that they talked they both talked to me about was just writing about other people and, and how the way that people will react, you can anticipate it there. You don't know how people who love you or people who know you are going to think when they read a book that maybe they're in either tangentially or a lot. And, and you have to be okay with that and that was really helpful to years before the book was published to, to kind of think that this is something this is one of the things that happens when you have a memoir come out. People are going to wonder where they are in there or how they're portrayed. And you just, you know you have the right as the author to tell your story about what happened to you, and you have to be comfortable with that. Yeah, that's one of my barriers to writing a memoir is having to come to grips with some of the things that I've done and you know I think we're all as humans a little afraid of everyone seeing how who we really are and to the art of the memoir is revealing those things so I applaud you and your bravery to, to share some of those details. And, you know, in the native community, we don't share those things. There's a lot of, you know, humility, and, and maybe it's not humility because that's reflecting to positively on it. Maybe it's shame. And in our community, we, there is quite a bit of shame that runs into our culture through the threads through our culture, and that is intended to keep us on the right side in our behavior, that if we behave in a way that's counter to traditional rules, such as the reading, you know, you're the, the woman him and he to keep being confronted with the decision of whether to wear the dress the traditional dress, or not.  So how does your Karuk heritage, you know, shape the your writing today. Do you believe it's a big part of it. Yeah, you know, and it's so great nobody has ever asked me that I love that you asked this question. So, first of all, I want to say that I am really fortunate to have many examples of other Karuk authors, like Julian Lang Lynn rising and the Lisa trip others. And then, and there's all kinds of interesting exciting work coming out there's a, there's a Karuk chef who's writing a cookbook that's going to be coming out next year. I'm super excited about it. And then other California native authors are writing all kinds of interesting exciting work. And so that to me that helps me, because I think about when I was growing up I really didn't have any examples specifically of California native authors. And so now to see so many from my own tribe but then other California tribes is exciting. And, you know that my kids are growing up, being able to read those things. And feeling validated in a way that on the page that, you know, I don't know that I had and I really love that so that that helps me a lot. I think that at the, the, the bigger picture that being a person helps me in my writing is just understanding that any situation is more complex and messy than it really then it's been portrayed. Often, I went back to the travel reunion, right before the pandemic, like the year before and, and as we're driving around I noticed all these, all this stuff about pioneers and gold rush and, and I forget got how, as a child I was taught that people, like, oh look at this exciting minor Farni Niners and all that stuff, all that myth around how good that was for the country. And I, and I didn't learn until later about how the devastating impact it had on native communities, and my community specifically my family. And I think that I understand that any situation I go into any place I go into that there's a, a different narrative than one we have been taught about it, and that I want to that's the narrative I want to pay attention to that's a narrative. I am interested in not what everybody thinks about it. I completely understand that there's that the level of the layers for native people because we're in our homelands, and then this colonial history has happened, but we're still existing with our native roots that are. It's difficult to explain that to people that aren't native from this land, they, you know, it's, it's different to, I believe, I can only speak for myself but to if I lived, you know, in another country, and even had children and had generations afterwards. Our roots were from someplace else. And so here we have that wonderful gift of that we are home in our homelands and we can easily learn from the land and we're still connected to land and. So yeah, you're, you carried that with you as you traveled to Bolivia, even because you understood how they fell in their lands.  Yeah. Yeah. I do want to talk about the Institute of American Indian Arts, because we, for those that are participating, we were in the same class in, and participated in the program together. I, I, in the MFA program, and so many wonderful writers have come out of our of that university at the Institute. We have, you know, the ones that you've mentioned. Well, I don't. So, and then Tommy Orange obviously was there. And so many others that have have excelled, Teresa Malhot has been exceptionally successful and at these New York Times bestsellers. Yeah, yeah, for sure. And so, you know, when I'm curious about your journey to get there, and what, what you got from it, but specifically I was wondering it did. Did you already have the idea for this memoir when you went there and you were working on it through the MFA program, or was it something that came because you went there. And I had started to write some stuff around it, but once I got there to, I definitely focused pretty exclusively on writing about writing this book so you know it's a low residency program if people don't know it's a low residency program. So you go for a week long in person residency, and then you spend a semester submitting different packets of work to your instructor to your mentor, and though every single packet was was another chapter. So I was actually scared to share the work in the in class workshop I would sometimes workshop other things it wasn't towards the until maybe halfway through that I started actually workshopping my Bolivia stories but yeah, I, I really enjoyed that and it was there to me. It gave me a sense of it expanded my, my understanding of the boundaries of native writing. I remember specifically Orlando white was talking one time about how, you know he's a deny poet and, and he was invited to the event as the native poet, and he read some poem about vocabulary or something, not directly native. And, and people were asking him why you are the native poet like aren't you supposed to read something native and, and he, and then he turned it around to the students who had gathered for that talk and we just all had a conversation about different feelings that we felt people had of our writing, and, and different pressures that we felt. And I loved that conversation. And that was like my very first residency I think it just really examining the, the boundaries that we had put on ourselves that I had put on myself. Based on the feedback I'd gotten from non native writers or maybe instructors. So I love that it just kind of blew my mind and, and it was just really supportive and exciting to see all this work different work that people were doing in all different areas. But I want to ask you, Michelle, about your experience that I did. How did you.  In my experience there, I was scared to death. I was scared it was such it was so out of my wheelhouse because I have my, my day job, you know, as an attorney representing Indian tribes. And I'm always hearing about other people's problems and other people's stories and I'm, you know, I'm a listener I'm the counselor so I'm processing with people. So I had a lot inside, and I was very, very scared. And so sharing my work was just absolutely frightening because prior to I really had only published just, you know, articles about different topics and news from native California so it really did. I've been working on a novel, but it had written poetry for 20 something since I was 18 years old, but I had never really taken it seriously and so yeah I really enjoyed it. I, I got a little I worked out some of the fears that I had although they're still there. And I actually, I'm not going to read this poem tonight, but because it's really long. But one of the poems poems that I wrote was there I made a list of it's a list poem that talks about all the things I was told not to write. It's called the list of things that I have been told not to write about while I was at I. And, you know, because there's all these tropes and we, you know, aren't supposed to talk about, you know, stereotypical things like commodity cheese and eagles flying and and so I felt really constrained by that part, where there are some of these rules, but, you know, I'm also rebellious and so the rules are there to be broken and so that's kind of how I worked that out and in the poem was that I'm not going to write it the way anybody else would write it so I'm free to write whatever I want to write about. Yeah, for sure. To ask you it's one thing that I really admire about you is that you move in these different genres you write poetry, you have a novel. And I've seen essays that you've written so I just think to me it's, it's so interesting and and when you're working on, I mean does it. Yeah, for one of those sparkles, one of those ideas. Is it clear to you from the beginning, what genre, whether it needs to be a poem or a short story or. Yeah, I usually my, what I consider my best writing happens through an inspiration and some kind of a glimmer and that's what Pamela Houston, Pam Houston, what is one of my my mentors and she. She talked about glimmers and how you can get this idea you know like oh that would make a good story or oh I should write about that or oh I should write a poem about that. And I get those ideas a lot. My difficulty is I have like a job and I have a lot of responsibilities. So I don't have the time that I would love to, I'd love to be a full time writer you know when I grow up. You know the, the best writing is when I'm just inspired and I run with it. And they seem to be kind of gifted to me from someplace else and I just write it so sometimes it's because of an issue I think there was an essay that I wrote. When I was in news from native California which I really did feel like was some of my best writing and it was, it was in response to the Standing Rock. Occupation, and I thought, well the standing, it was such a big deal for Indian country when that happened. I thought about the environmental harm that comes to our country here in California, and I wanted to make to write a response to it. And, and so and also it kind of got conflated a little bit with and I don't want to get real political but it kind of got conflated with the, the campaign for where Donald Trump was saying that make America great again. And that really resonated with me because of our history here in America is, I was trying to figure out where, when it was great for native people and in my family, so I wrote an essay about that too. So sometimes it's just a, it's usually just something that comes out of the universe. That's great. Well, I would love to have you read a poem. Now, if you. Oh, okay. Yeah, I did. I do have one that's not too long, and I haven't read poetry in quite a while. So I'm very rusty, but this poem is, I'm just going to frame it a little bit in the, in California in the valley, we in the Central Valley we have a ceremony called the Hesse ceremony and one of the things we do in the Hesse ceremonies we throw pennies at the dancers. And so pennies also are, you know, you, their sayings about pennies and so I just wanted to talk about the pennies. So it's called a good luck penny. They pick a penny for good luck. But others say it must only be heads or tails. We're not sure. I scoop them all into a pocket, a satchel, a Slytherin coin purse. Auntie said to keep them in a big glass jar. She saved them until she died. And then we all got one. She made luck with her pennies for old age that nieces turn to greats, great greats, and great great greats. But how many pennies make good luck? Do they combine their magic when tossed in an old coffee can combined with dirt from the roundhouse floor, thrown at the feet of the Hesse and the leader and the Mother Earth. But we don't remember why. Wavoka told us to throw a penny to the dancer. Just do it. And we thank them when we do it. Sometimes a penny gets stuck to a sweaty leg or foot. Watch the penny stomp each step until it falls away. Waiting for the dancing boys to clear the floor. Scurry out when they are chosen to do the first of tasks to become a dancing boy. The second time they use the broom to sweep pennies into careful piles while not making dust.  Or does it go to the other side? We give it all away. Oh, that's beautiful. I love that image of the pennies stuck on the leg while he's dancing. That's wonderful. Thank you so much for sharing that. Yeah, thanks for inviting me, Ursula. Sure. Well, we wanted to wrap this up by just sharing before we have some, because we have some time for questions and answers. But we just wanted to share some work that other people are doing, some things that we are reading, want to read. And do you want to go? I can go. Go ahead. Okay. All right. So there's some brand new books like that came one that came out yesterday. But then there's other ones, new ones coming out this summer. So calling for a blanket dances. This is this book by Oscar Ho Kaya. Right. And I think he was at I met him at some event. And I'm excited to read this book that's set at a powwow. Hopefully someday I could teach a class where we only read books and stories set at powwow. That's one of my goals. And Ramona Emerson, who's Denise, she has a new book called shutter. It's like a mystery police. I don't know. It's just, it's getting so much buzz. I'm really excited. Ramona is an amazing filmmaker documentary filmmaker. And so I'm just so excited to see that Sasha LaPoint was in my program. She has a book called red paint. So those are brand new books, but there's also a bunch of books that came out in the last couple years. Tony Jensen, who's an instructor, she has a book called carry that is essays and I just, I love it. I teach several of the essays in my class because I find them just so I love them. So she has a book from last year book of essays called white magic. I also have, there's a craft book that Melissa Phoebus came out with this year, called book work or body work, and it's, she has this great whole section on writing about other people and just reflecting on that as somebody who's written about other people. I think it's a, it's a really good book if you're writing about your experience about trauma. Anyway, and last thing I'll just say is on Instagram, indigenous book nerd who is at indige book nerd. She's a great person to follow because she really keeps on top of the latest native books that are coming out. So I'll, I'll put that in the chat. And so how about you, Michelle, have any. Yeah, I love Tony Jensen was my mentor as well and that her book carry is amazing I just, I was stunned, like over and over and over again when I read that book is such good writing. I've recently been very, very obsessed with Natalie Diaz, a Mojave poet who won the Pulitzer Prize for post colonial love home and I'm getting chills still just being able to talk about it. The work is, is gorgeous and thought provoking and I loved it. I also like to read just nonfiction. And I, I've been very obsessed with this book about Marie pots. It's a actually a biography of Marie pots, called the lettered life of a California Indian activist by Terry Castaneda. She's a professor of history at Sacramento State University. And it's, it's, it's not a literary book, it's a historical book but there's so much history of California in and and she was such an amazing woman. And in a, you know, a non native Arthur that I've been very involved with lately is bell hooks and I've been reading all about love. And I, and that's just something that's sort of for me to heal with. And then Stephen Graham Jones, of course Stephen Graham Jones is a native primarily horror fiction writer, but he does move among genres, and he's extremely prolific. And I try to keep up with him, but it's very hard to do, but he has he has wonderful books, some of them are a little slasher for me, and others are gorgeous and they don't have that scary that it's more of a mental thriller. And then Brandon Hobson, who has some new mystery fiction novels that I'm really, I'm really excited about. So what are you working on now. Well, I am. I'm working on a novel so I'm trying to do something different. I lived for a while on in Grace Harbor, which is on the western coast of Washington. My mother was a forestry manager for the quenalt reservation and and just. I'm exploring that from her perspective that in a novel, and it has some of the same themes of being an indigenous person but not of and working with indigenous populations but not your tribe, and just those those conflicts of being in that, in that in between space and trying to kind of face what you're doing and thinking about your own experience. So, and how about you, what are you working on. I'm still working on my novel. I set it aside for what turned into years, but I have. It's done except for the feedback I got required me to go back and change some of the structure, and I'm actually changing it from an omniscient voice to first person. I've been editing it now and I'm loving it that it's really just sort of sparked it in a whole new way for it to be in first person voice. So I'm leaning on others that have come before me like Tommy Orange she was in the chat here from Oakland California. And I'm really leaning on his work to kind of bring a little more energy to my characters. And that that sees the light of day someday. Oh, that is awesome. That's great. I look forward to reading that. I see someone posted a question. What inspires both of you to write and what's your writing practice, I'll address it and then if you want to. So what inspires me. I have specific stories that I'm looking to write that I haven't seen before. I mean that's why I wrote my, my memoir is that I hadn't seen that story told before. And but honestly sometimes, and this is where the practice comes in, I just have to sit down and write. And sometimes I feel like I'm not writing great stuff, but you just got to put in the time I feel like I have to put in the time. And just setting some deadlines, some goals for myself a certain amount of hours or certain amount of words each each week. Not a specific time just fitting it in when I can at the library or whatever libraries my favorite place to write so anyway, what about you Michelle. Wow writing at the library. I, I get inspired by things going on around me one like an example. One day I was presenting something at the California Native American Heritage Commission which they deal with repatriation and the unfortunate situations when our ancestors are discovered during construction and it's a really heavy, heavy topic to be dealing with these ancestral remains. But on the way back from the meeting where I had given them some work, I had, I just got the story like it just came to me and I'm and then I went home and I wrote the story. And that's probably that was my one short story that's been published. And so usually there's a, just, it's like a gift from somewhere and I and the question is, am I going to catch it and am I going to turn it into something. And I, you and I talked about this Ursula the other day where what. Why do we write and it's because there's this creative spirit that just kind of wants us to get it out and so it's not really always a conscious thing it's just there's always something gnawing out on me. Right now I'm, I have a glimmer, an idea that I want to write an essay about the fourth of July. And from more like a memoir kind of perspective on the fourth of July because it seems like there's been a lot of things that have happened to me or with me or for me around the fourth of July and I think that could be a wonderful essay. And maybe part of a memoir someday so I have a bunch of essays like that that I hope to string into a memoir someday. My writing practice is unfortunately very disorganized and not very disciplined. But I hope to change that with my all of my children leaving the house and going to college and my last one will leave here in a couple of months and hopefully I'll reclaim my time and get some time to write. Yeah, that's great, that's great. I see someone has asked do you do any other creative arts. And I do not. I write and, and that's it how about you.  And I used to do that. When I was younger and I always said well when I get when I grow up I'll be a basket waiver so I'd like to become a basket waiver someday. And I also would love I really feel called to doing pottery or ceramics and like making sculptures. I haven't, I haven't had the time to do it, but I'm hoping as I get older I'll have time. Yeah, I hope so too. That's great. Well, Anissa, I know that we're almost at time. Is there anything that you needed to. I just want to say thank you and I knew those reading resources and all of those more than just reading resources so much came up. And we did have a question from Claire, who asked me to type in all of the authors who were mentioning I did my best, and it's in our doc right and I'll go back and add in links to have so you can check them out. California has an amazing library coalition. Anyone from California can get a library card at any California library you don't have to belong to that town or that's maybe you can get a library court in California. These books are available at all libraries, well maybe not all libraries but you can request that these books be available at your library we love patron requests. And I want to thank you just for all of that library love you gave us to. We'd love writers we love to see you writing at our libraries of course. Tommy Orange was our one city one book in 2019 so he totally amazing I got to drive them all over California. And then Natalie Diaz, yes, absolute goosebumps. Oh my God, powerful that we we have not picked too many poetry books as are on the same page but we did select her book for poetry month and Wow, just like slam dunk. So if you haven't checked out all of these people. Now is your chance and I think I have a new book list to create. So I want to thank both Ursula pipe for being an author and being here tonight, and Michelle opinion thank you for being in convo and share your poetry with us like your community. We love you as always, and we'll see you all next time. Thank you. Thank you, Anisa and Michelle and SFB D. Yes, wonderful opportunity. Thank you for letting me participate. All right. Thank you so much. You have a wonderful night. Thank you.