Welcome everyone to this extraordinary celebration of the 10th anniversary of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. I'm Ken Luchin. I'm going to moderate the morning session. I'm the Dean of the College of Engineering at Bosch University and the immediate past president of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. Thought the morning rather than indulge in a long, time-consuming introduction of each of the speakers, which are highly well known. I'll just provide a very short vignette or personal vignette about who they are. Our first speaker, of course, is here to celebrate the nation's recognition of the need to invest in biomedical imaging and bioengineering for the good of the human health in our nation. And they did that by having the vision to create this wonderful institute and then had the vision to name as its first director Rod Pettigrew, who has been an extraordinary shepherd of this wonderful National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. Please welcome Rod Pettigrew. Thank you, Ken. And good morning, NIH friends and guests. I am very pleased to welcome you to what promises to be an exceptional day of learning, courtesy of some of the world's foremost leaders in science and technology. We had anticipated also having Jeff Immelt, CEO and chairman of GE, here with us today. But unfortunately, he had an emergency and will not be able to attend today. But in every cloud, there is a little bit of a silver lining, and that gives us a little bit of a cushion time-wise today, so we're a little less pressed for time. And perhaps we can use that period for some questions as they arise over the course of the day. To the speakers, a big thank you. We're delighted that you have found it possible, despite the many demands on your time to share this day with us and make this celebratory symposium both informationally and scientifically rich. The legislation that established the Institute, N-I-B-I-B as it is known, was signed at the very end of 2000, December 29, 2000 to be exact. However, the first appropriation was 15 months later in the spring of 2002. And this is when the Institute became fully operational. The first council that we had was in January 2003. We have members of that council present, members of subsequent councils, and our current council members, many of them as well joining us today. And thank you for attending. I thought that you might be seated as a group, so I would have pointed to you, but I see you distributed throughout the audience. So maybe you can just sort of wave. All right. I would also like to recognize the leadership of the Academy of Radiology Research, Renee Cruey, and the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Jen Ayres, for their support of these events. Finally, I would like to acknowledge recent legislative actions, wishing us a happy anniversary. In addition to letters from Congresswoman Anna Eshoo and many health-based organizations, on Monday, Congressman Robert Andrews of New Jersey made a statement on the House floor honoring the 10th anniversary of the N-I-B-I-B. And I have a copy of that statement here and a personal letter from him. And on Wednesday, Senators Richard Burr and Barbara Mikulski announced passage of Senate Resolution 499, which they co-sponsored honoring the 10th anniversary. And finally, I would like to acknowledge the patients that you will hear from today, one this morning and one in the afternoon. Robert Summers, who is also featured in the final video segment of my presentation and who was the subject of a Washington Post article earlier this year, is here today. And we will hear directly from him about his experiences and how he has benefited from the research that we support. And in the afternoon, Robert Casano will also be here this afternoon to share with us his personal experience with health care and innovations that were developed by our researchers. At this point, what I would like to do now is to review with you some of the advances made by the N-I-B-I-B and the communities that we serve in addressing health. I'd like to do so on a fundamental level by focusing on precision, the pursuit of scientific truth, and the benefits thereof. This picture is, as it indicates here, of Galileo. At the beginning of the Scientific Revolution in the 1500s, the Milky Way was believed to be a cloud. It wasn't until the early 1600s when Galileo fashion his telescope pointed it to the night sky and determined that instead, the Milky Way was composed of a constellation of individual stars. This dramatically illustrated the importance of precision measurement and the value of precise scientific observation. More recently, Stephen Quake, the professor of bioengineering at Stanford University, who happens to also be a pioneer awardee and winner of this year's Lemelson MIT Prize. Also, in this rather coached statement he underscored the value of precision measurement. He observed that history has taught us that by measuring fundamental physical phenomena with increasing precision, one can make amazing discoveries and even sometimes stumble across new laws of nature. I would suggest that we would uncover new laws of nature. But the point here is crystal clear. When I arrived at NIB and held the first all hands meeting, this was a slide that I used. It comes from our archive. I posited a vision that circulated in these three points. The first item I'd like to draw your attention to in the first word, small or faster, different words, but this speaks also to precision. Small and faster is about increasing precision with the consequences that follow from that. And item two, convergence, the concept. You'll hear more about that from Phil Sharp this afternoon. And we're Francis here, he's on his way. I point out to him that item three, if you read it carefully, really is about personalized health. So I find it interesting that in this particular perspective taken from the New England Journal of Medicine earlier this year, that personalized medicine has been recast as precision medicine. The authors are discussing the concept of using multiple approaches to, as they put it, create diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies that are precisely tailored to each patient's requirements. So how far have we come over the decade in this quest for precision and its application to the problems that we face and the resolution of those problems? I'd like to review this with some examples in these three broad categories. First, observational science. By this I'm referring to information that is resolved in space and in time with the benefits from that outline and that second item on the slide. Using MRI as an exemplar of what has happened in the field of imaging, we see there have been tremendous improvements in resolution both in space and in time. These over-order magnitude increase over the decade with the consequent practical applications in the clinical arena as illustrated. A picture is worth 1,000 words and this really tells the story. Comparing an image from 2002, specifically stated as a high resolution image with one that is state of the art from the group at MGH, the improvement in the precise depiction of the anatomy is quite striking as is this image, 70 image also from the Rosen group. Different MRI technique contrasts reverse but striking as well for the remarkable detail. One of the people in my institute, a scientist, looked at this, thought it was a high definition photograph. It is not, it is an image of a person and the thin lines that you see coursing through the cortex that are dark are visualizations of venules and small veins consequent to the low level of blood in the veins. The contrast mechanism known as blood oxygen level dependent contrast, the same mechanism that is used in fMRI, remarkable detail. What is the practical benefit of this? Similarly, remarkable, we've known MS for years is a disease of white matter but also the gray matter but we've never been able to visualize gray matter lesions. It's been seen at pathology, pathologists indicate and visualize three different types of gray matter lesions. Now we can see them just in the last couple of years or so with this increasing precision and resolution. Each of those three types is indicated in these images with the double arrows, the different colors correspond to the different types within these gray matter lesions. This more complete picture of multiple sclerosis now allows us the ability to more accurately follow the level of disease in the clinic and determine the effectiveness of interventions. In the spatial arena we've just seen those advances. In the temporal resolution arena, similarly remarkable advances. This light courtesy of Dan Soddickson who has pioneered the improvement in speed, high speed MR imaging, who's in the audience today makes this rather elegant analogy with the way things were and the way things are. The way things were were similar to this. Like a typical photocarpier unit scanner, fax machine making an image as the light goes across one line at a time. Imagine if you had to try and make a movie with this slow imaging tool. The only thing you can make a movie of would be a turtle. But the improvement now is more like what is done with a video camera. This requires images from multiple lines comprising the image in parallel all at once and with that instant capturing of all of those data points at once in space being able to then visualize them in time. The corresponding hardware and software analogy is shown here going from a single coil in the old days to multiple coils now with the family of signals being obtained. But this is more complicated in simply adding more coils. This data set is a complex data set. One has to deconvolve the spatial coordinates from this data set. This involves some rather sophisticated mathematics involving series expansions, integral equations and trigonometric functions, but the payoff is dramatic improvement in speed. So what has that given us those improvements in spatial and temporal resolution and precision? This is a remarkable paper just published in the last couple of months from Van Widing and his colleagues at MGH in which they have pursued the question about the connectivity within the brain and deciphering the structure of those fibers. Now, a priori one might think that these connection pathways would come at oblique and odd angles. But what Van and his colleagues have discerned is that it is not as complicated as that. Surprisingly moving from the cortical surface these fibers appear to occur in a grid-like pattern in a series of sheets. Here is one sheet in which the connection pathways run along the X and Y axes. Here are two of those sheets color-coded differently but within each of those sheets these pathways running X and Y direction. And then looking here to the right, again two of those sheets in the third direction. Also orthogonal to the X and Y axes. Rather remarkable finding the first time this has been demonstrated could not have been done without having achieved the type of spatial and temporal resolution that we just talked about. Answering this question about the construction and the highways within the brain then proposes numerous other questions about genetic gradients that lead to this kind of development. About how the brain communicates the potential for plasticity. Amazing with this kind of observation. Analogous to Galileo deciphering the structure of a Milky Way in the 1600s. Now we move on to technological innovation and engineering and translation. Here is an area where again where precision engineering is absolutely critical in order to solve problems that we face. I'd like to show two examples. Both of these examples also illustrate the concept of convergence. The first is convergence of technologies. The second is convergence of sciences. We'll start with the first one on convergence of technologies. I thought it was funny. Well actually I have a better example than this. So here with convergence of technologies. The world's first MR guided high intensity focus ultrasound treatment for essential tremors. This merges MR as a diagnostic and imaging tool and assessment tool and HIFU as a therapeutic tool. Three important points. First we need to precisely identify the target that's done with MR imaging. Secondly we need to precisely engineer an array of high intensity focused beams so that they converge precisely at the target point and that they do so in a manner that delivers a therapeutic level of energy sufficient to heat the tissue to the point of destruction but only at that site. And the concept here is that these individual beams by themselves is below the threshold of energy but at the point of convergence it reaches this temperature where it destroys the tissue. We need then thirdly a means of monitoring this heat change throughout the brain to assure that it only occurs at the intended site. And that's done by MRI performed in a temperature sensitive mode which it is capable of doing. This video works you'll hear from Billy Williams. My name is Billy R. Williams. I live in Fort Valley, Virginia. The tremors I have had for approximately 10 years and they progressively got worse. But now everything has worked out fine for me. Before I had the procedure I could not write. I could not eat without spilling stuff on me. I quit going to public places. Church socials and everything. I took medicine to start with. And every two or three years they would change the medicine because, you know, it didn't work any longer. So finally after 10 years my doctor in Winchester contacted University of Virginia. They contacted me and I came down and they started a series of tests which led up to the procedure that I just went through. And Dr. Lass started giving me the three options and I took this option. I didn't want a deep brain stimulation. And I'm just glad it worked out for me and I hope it works out well for other people because it will change the way you do things. I'm able to tee up the golf ball without help from a fellow golfer. I'm able to eat without spilling everything on me. I'm able to write and be able to read it later. Dr. Lass and his whole staff have done everything you could ask of them to get me through this. And I can say I just hope other people come and have this treatment. The second example that I mentioned is an example of integration of the sciences. This is a remarkable precision engineering feat comes courtesy of Don Ingerberg and his colleagues at the VIST Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. It is an example of an engineering of a functional lung unit on a chip which integrates all of the disciplines and areas shown here, including the influence of mechanical stresses and the variation of those stresses on the function of the lung unit and the cells contain their end. In fact, I can finally get these slides to operate properly. The lung on a chip is crystal clear, flexible and about the size of a small computer memory stick. But it contains tiny hollow channels created using microchip fabrication techniques. A porous, flexible membrane separates the two channels at the center of the device. The opposite sides of the membrane are lined by human lung and capillary blood vessel cells. This mimics the arrangement of lung and blood vessel cells in the air sac of the lung. Application of cyclic suction inside channels makes the entire flexible sheet and cells stretch and relax rhythmically just like our lung cells do when we breathe.  To test how well the lung on a chip device replicates the natural responses of living lungs, we introduced bacteria into the air channel to mimic an infection.  We then saw the white blood cells penetrate across the capillary cell layer through the pores of the central membrane and into the airspace where they engulf the bacteria. Here's a video that shows this response in real time viewed through the device. The tissue cells are not visible here, but we can see white blood cells flowing freely in the capillary channel of the device just as they do in blood vessels of a healthy person. But when we infect the air channel by adding bacteria, the immune cells probably stick to the surfaces of the capillary cells on the opposite side of the membrane located directly below the infection site.  Bio-inspired micro-devices that can mimic whole human organ function, such as the lung on a chip, could potentially replace animal testing and bring new therapies to patients faster and at lower cost in the future. So again, an example of precision engineering that is inclusive of multiple disciplines that help us to more precisely model the process in the body. In the final area of molecular medicine, we have advances towards precision medicine that simply did not exist 10 years ago. Two examples to follow. One is a point of care tool that is capable of precisely identifying cell and molecular markers. And the second one pertains to precision measurements that allow us to solve a pretty vexing problem that's been very important in the area of biology forever, actually. So the first example here is this point of care device that is capable of detecting a variety of markers of disease at the bedside. Those biological targets could be quite variable from viruses to bacteria to proteins expressed by oncogenes, et cetera. And you'll see, you'll hear about this in a video segment in this afternoon. But how does it work? Well, it has these three major components. The central component here is basically the biology and chemistry laboratory on a chip with microfluidic channels that contain reagents specific to the target of interest that tag those targets of interest with a nanoparticle that is magnetic. It can then be detected in this handheld size magnet. The magnet needs to be given instructions and powered by a computer. The computer is a mobile phone, as shown on the right, which also provides a quantitative analysis. An example is shown here when this has been used in a first cohort of patients to be evaluated who had unknown tumors. The tumors were analyzed both by this new device and by the conventional approach of open biopsy. The sample is provided for the MR device by fine needle aspirin. And in these individuals, all of whom had clinical follow-up. The improvement in the diagnostic accuracy is rather remarkable, as you can see, but also tremendous saving in time. One hour, 60 minutes, is what is required to do the procedure with the diagnostic MR in this portable form versus the conventional two to four days with biopsy. This accuracy was provided by way of assessing multiple and array of proteins associated with cancers highlighted in the blue here. And this final example is one in which the destruction function of GPCRs has been deciphered in the native state as this, excuse me, article earlier from Nature underscores. This problem has been one of the most important and challenging questions in biology with tremendous implications from the standpoint of the rational design for drugs. This problem has eluded scientists up until this year, specifically when one wants to determine the structure of this protein without alteration in the membrane, without extracting it from the membrane, without crystallizing it, and without subtracting or adding residues. How has this, and is this done now? Stan O'Pell and his colleagues here use MR spectroscopy to do this. The basic idea is illustrated in this slide. In the case of the GPCR, the structure of which they've been able to identify and elucidate CXCR1, that structure contains 350 residues. The problem boils down to determining the angular rotation of the molecules in each of those residues. They have two degrees of freedom here indicated by these angles, phi and psi. So one has to determine those two angles for each of those 350 residues. This is provided by MR by virtue of the fact that the bond axis subtends an angle with the main magnetic field. This angle results in a shift in the observable frequency of the MR signal. If one is able to precisely define that signal, a shift, one then can also precisely also define these angles, phi and psi. And that is what was done by his colleagues. This has been a project that has been in the works over the decade, and just this year, they now announce the structure, the first structure of a protein of this class in its native state. That is, in the membrane without alteration. Here's a ribbon diagram of that structure shown from the side, the bottom, and from the top. This also, I think, is analogous to the first example I led with, which was Galileo in the 1600s deciphering that the Milky Way was actually composed of individual stars. Here we have solved this problem of the structure of G-protein couple receptors. So in summary, the NIVIB has been working toward our overarching aspiration to have, as an institute, the biggest impact that we can on the nation's health care agenda through technological innovation, scientific discovery, and advancing precision measurement. Precision medicine through precision measurement. I hope this presentation has given you some indication of the progress that we have made. Two additional examples follow in the brief video segment. These examples are from two of our investigators. You'll hear from each of them. One in a more basic laboratory setting and the final one in the clinical setting. And I also mentioned that the patient that you will see in the final video is Robert Summers, the patient that you will hear from this morning just before we break for lunch. So I'd like to tell you a little bit about one of the exciting new developments in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine portfolio from MIT from Dr. Sangita Bhattia. And the problem that she's trying to address is the fact that when we try to evaluate new drugs it's often very difficult because the best we have right now is to use an animal model system. The responses are not often typical of human responses and so therefore they don't give us the information we need. So what Dr. Bhattia and her colleagues have done is to make a construct that is made up of human hepatocytes or liver cells and mix them with supporting cells as well as a matrix to support this and wrap it all up in a protective hydrogel so that they're able to generate a little miniature liver. Once this little liver is transplanted into a mouse the product of this is a mouse that can provide both mouse liver function as well as human liver function. So there's been this interest in understanding human specific liver responses in particular how human livers metabolize drugs and are susceptible to the toxicity induced by those drugs. So when making a new compound it's really important to understand those species-specific responses that typically don't show up until clinical trials and patients. The hope of the field has been to make mice that could somehow help predict these human responses. Our idea was to make a tissue engineered human liver and implant it in a mouse, engineer it so that the human hepatocytes would be stabilized that they would express all their human-specific functions and that they would be engrafted into the mouse and then the mouse would have its own liver but in addition a little human liver organoid. So essentially through tissue engineering what we've done has made a very robust technology that allows us to make large cohorts of animals with human liver responses that can be used for testing. Our hope is that this will really be the use of tissue engineering to create a drug discovery and development platform. So ultimately our long-term goal of course is to create livers that will implant into patients but in the near term we'd really like to be able to make this tool to transform biomedical translational research. It's been shown for many years actually that epidural spinal stimulation in combination with motor training facilitates recovery in complete spinal cord injury in animals. This NIBIB project demonstrates for the first time that epidural spinal stimulation also works in humans with complete spinal cord injury. Now this is very exciting. The significance of the results that we will be reporting is that we found a new avenue to apply to individuals with very severe spinal cord injury that will help them to improve their motor function. That is they will be able to stand and to step and be able to improve perhaps their voluntary control based on our initial results. We've known for some time that the spinal cord has pretty sophisticated neural networks within it. Well what we're doing here is using epidural stimulation to increase the excitability of this network but a very important point and what's really different here is we're not actually stimulating at an intensity that will induce the movement. We're just modulating the background activity of this network. We've been able to achieve a level function that has not been demonstrated before in an individual with a motor complete injury. That is this individual can stand for several minutes independently. Now several minutes may not sound like a big deal but several minutes of standing for an individual that has not stood for several years is quite important.


QuickBooks Online Journal Entry. Get ready to start moving on up with QuickBooks Online. We're gonna be using the free QuickBooks Online Test Drive, searching for QuickBooks Online Test Drive in our search engine, picking the option that has Intuit.com and the URL into it being the owner of QuickBooks using the United States version of the software and verifying that we're not a robot. Support Accounting Instruction by clicking the link below, giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website, broken out by category, further broken out by course, each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources, such as Excel practice problems, PDF files, and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Zooming in a bit by holding down control up on the scroll wheel, currently at 125% on the zoom and noting that in the car dropdown, we could switch between the business view and the accountant view. We're currently in the accountant view. We might be switching back and forth between the two as we go. We're gonna be duplicating some tabs as we do every time. Right click on the tab up top to duplicate it. Right click on the duplicated tab to duplicate it. Going back to the tab to the middle as the tab to the right is thinking, selecting the reports. We want the big balance sheet report and then I'm gonna go to the right as that one's working and then go to the reports. Again, this time we want the P to the L, the profit to the loss to income statement. I'm gonna close the hamburger, otherwise known as the hamburger and then we're gonna change the range up top. Selecting the beginning here and go from 01, 01, 22, tab 12, 31, 22, that's January to December. We're gonna run it because we wanna refresh it and that's how you do that. You refresh it by running it. Go to the tab to the middle and then close the hamburger, scroll up. We're gonna range change. The range needs to change from 01, 01, 22, to 12, 31, 22. It's pretty close, but we're gonna change it anyway. Run it if you wanna freshen it up and we want fresh stuff. We're gonna go to the first tab. That's the setup we do every time. Selecting the plus button. We've been looking at these forms. The forms are what we use to generate the transactions typically as well as facilitate the linkages of transactions within the system. We've been looking at them by cycle. Now we're over here in the other area which isn't actually a cycle but is where QuickBooks put some other data input forms and now we're looking at the journal entry. Now the journal entry is a bit complex because you might think if you learned accounting just in terms of double entry accounting system before you worked with software, you probably learned everything in terms of journal entries and you probably have this urge to record everything with simply a journal entry and not use as much as you should the forms but you wanna resist that urge. You wanna use your knowledge about the journal entries to then determine which forms over here are best to create those journal entries and how to set up the forms so that the data input is as easy as possible so that someone could just make the forms in the day-to-day process that will then create the journal entries. The journal entries being the recording of the financial transaction which will impact at least two accounts on the financial statements which is gonna keep everything in balance and so on and so forth. And so the way you wanna think about how the system is set up is that we're gonna put the fundamental things down first which is gonna be the chart of accounts and the products and service lists and then we're gonna set up our forms in such a format that the day-to-day normal transactions which we break out by cycle, customer, vendors, employee cycles can be populated as easily as possible with simply the data input forms and these day-to-day transactions as they are entered through the forms will then create the journal entries automatically creating the financial statements, balance sheet income statement or profit and loss and related reports and they will also facilitate the ease to interact with people such as vendors, customers and employees by giving us kind of links between the invoices, the received payments, the estimates, the bills and the pay bills so we can track that information in our system under what I would call the centers, the customer center, the vendor center and communicate with these people. That's a step above a step different that process than just thinking about the creation of the financial statements, the balance sheet and the income statement because the linkages between these things like a bill and a pay bill for example is not something that has a direct impact on the financial statements and therefore isn't something that you often learn when you're just learning debits and credits from an accounting perspective outside of software but in practice that is added value and it's quite important. So the way you wanna think about the data input then is gonna be if I'm entering a financial transaction, the question is is there a form that I can use to enter that transaction? If it's a normal day to day transaction typically there will be, if there is I wanna set up that form and use that form to create the transaction. Now note, you might still be using one of these forms to create a transaction even if you have like a quick data input field for example, you can enter a deposit form by entering something directly into the register as a deposit and you can also use the bank feeds to enter the deposits. It's still gonna be a deposit form even though it doesn't look like the full deposit form. QuickBooks is gonna still use a deposit form to record it. You can record an expense type of form by entering something directly into the check register or having a decrease in the bank feeds transactions. Those don't look exactly like the form if I was to click on it here but they're still gonna be creating an expense type form that's important to note. If there's not a form related to the transaction you're doing because it's not a day to day transaction such as purchasing a large piece of equipment or something then you wanna ask is cash affected? If cash is affected then you wanna use typically a cash related form like an expense form or a deposit form usually. If cash is not affected then you might default to a journal entry. So it's the last thing that you would go to because you wanna use the default forms first. So that would be something like if you purchased equipment for example on account or purchased equipment and financed the equipment, no cash involved. Therefore you're gonna have to enter it with something else like a journal entry because you don't do that normally. It's not part of the normal day to day transactions. Also the period and adjusting entries which we'll talk about in its own section when we get to the adjusting entries are typically where you would enter those purposely as a journal entry because they are there for adjustments as opposed to day to day kind of transactions to get your financial statements more in alignment with whatever accounting system you're using such as an accrual basis or tax basis or whatever you are doing. We'll talk more about that later. But let's just get an idea of what I'm talking about here. So for example, we've seen if you enter an invoice let's enter an invoice and just enter a normal invoice and then compare if you tried to do that with like a journal entry how that might mess things up and you wanna be careful of it. So let's say I make this for AAA customer. I'm just gonna say customer and then I'm gonna go down here and say this is going to be, I'm just gonna make a new item so we know what we're doing here. I'll make it just a service item. I'm gonna say it's service one for a generic item and then we're gonna put that as the description and I'll make it for $1,000 whatever. It's gonna go to the service income account. I'm gonna say it's not taxable. So it's not taxable. So straightforward, easy transaction. This is gonna increase accounts receivable by 1,000 and the other side is gonna go to sales by 1,000. Let's save it, save it and close it. And you can say, okay, and then if I go to the tab to the right, I'm gonna refresh this, run it and then I'm gonna go into my accounts receivable and boom. We've got the invoice right there. Looks good, scrolling back up so you can see the financial transaction is being recorded. This is the debit and credit. This is in essence a journal entry that's being recorded. On the income statement, we put that into services right here and there it is. But that's not all that happened. That's the journal entry. That's the creation of the financial statements. But if I go to the first tab, also if I go into my sales area, then we know that I can track this by customer for example and I've got my invoices in here. I can track them by my invoices this way or let's go to all sales and I can look at my invoices this way and look at my open invoices and sort it that way. If I was to try to say, if I went to my plus button and said, hey, I know what the journal entry does, I'm just gonna record it with a journal entry. So I'm just gonna say, it's a sale. I'm gonna record it with the journal entry instead and say that the transaction is gonna be an increase to accounts receivable of 1,000 and then the other side is gonna go to the six, what did I call it, service revenue, services income, 4,000. Boom. Now, if I was to just record this, which I don't think QuickBooks will even let me do, then you can see a couple problems with this even from just an accounting kind of reports perspective because I'm gonna increase the accounts receivable and increase the services. That'll have the same impact on the financial statements, but the accounts receivable typically has a sub ledger breaking it out by customer and I don't even have a customer field here. That's a problem. So I'm gonna probably have to add, I could add a customer field over here so I can kind of fix that but I also have kind of an issue in that I can't really sort my services items by item because there's no item. I didn't create like the item in here. You might not need that but sometimes that could be important because you could have a sub ledger for your sales sorting by what you did. So if you can add that detail, it would be great. But the biggest problem here is that even if I add the customer over here, the sub ledger internally is now gonna have this journal entry instead of an invoice. So it kind of messes up the second step which is gonna be to receive payment and I'm supposed to connect the receive payment to the invoice, but I don't have an invoice now. I have this journal entry. You see that connection doesn't really have an impact on the financial statements, but it's gonna be important. So let's try to record this without even a name. I don't think it's gonna let us do it if I save and close it. It's gonna say when you use accounts receivable you must choose a customer name. So QuickBooks kind of forces you to do that. There's some issues that kind of causes problems sometimes but that's actually a good thing because it's gonna make sure that the sub ledger doesn't get off from the balance sheet. So let's say this is gonna go to AAA again. So I'm gonna say AAA and then save it and close it. And so now if I go to my financial statements and I go to my balance sheet and run it and I look at that accounts receivable I go into the A to the R receivable and scroll down. So now I've got that same thousand but it's in there with a journal entry as opposed to an invoice. If I go into the journal entry then I can go into the source document which is now a form. This QuickBooks thinks of it as the default form when there is no other form which is a journal entry, the debits and credits. And then I'm gonna scroll back up even though the invoice also makes debits and credits but it does it through the use of the form. And then I'm gonna go to the tab to the right and then run this one and then scroll down and the other side went into the services. And so I still have the transaction being correct. My financial statements are the same under either method but there's still kind of some issues with the sub ledger. Now, if I go back on over here I look at the accounts receivable I also have to track that by who owes us the money so I can go to the tab to the right, click on it and duplicate it. And then I'm gonna scroll down to the reports on the left and then close up the hand boogie. And then we're gonna go to the who owes you money and look at the accounts receivable detail, customer, let's say customer balance detail. And so now I've got my AR, people owe us 2000 but one of those is an invoice and one is a journal entry. The journal entry is gonna be a little bit more difficult to link to the receipt payment. But notice at least we're still in balance down here because it forced us to use a customer. That's why I've got the 728152 which ties out to the 728152 here. However, if I go to the first tab and then look at it this way and I search my data thusly and I go to all my transactions I can't really sort by invoice, people owe us money. I can't really see why they do have the journal entry here but it doesn't have the same receive payment kind of linkage over here process. So that's kind of an issue because that's the next step typically we're gonna connect the receipt payment to the invoice. If I go to the customers field we've got that same kind of issue here. If I go into this transaction the next step is to receive the payment which I don't really have that option right here. So it causes kind of an issue in that regard. So the bottom line is you gotta be careful with the journal entries. I'm gonna open this back up. I'm gonna hit the plus button and just recap that from an accounting standpoint everything we do that has an impact on the financial statements is a journal entry in the sense that a journal entry is defined as a financial transaction that has at least two accounts affected has debits and credits increases decreases to those accounts making the accounting equation in balance. But the more formal definition within QuickBooks of a journal entry is this journal entry form. It's kind of similar to the terminology that we've seen before when we say something like is a bill form for example which is a very complex term even though it should be a simple term because we say bill in normal language even accounting language for us being billed and us billing our customers depends which side of the table we're on and further from that the bill that we've received physically I might not enter into our system as a bill but rather just pay it with a check or expense form. The bill specifically means bill form which increases accounts payable in the system. The same with the journal entry like in normal accounting language a journal entry means a financial transaction properly recorded with debits and credits in such a way that the financial equation is still in balance. But a journal entry with regards to QuickBooks means it's a form. And in terms of the form it's the last default form that you want to use when there's no other form involved because all these other forms are designed to make journal entries through the data input form but do so in such a way that the flow of the transactions within each cycle customer vendor employee works smoothly not just the creation of the financial statements therefore you want to use these forms first and then if cash is affected you'll typically default to cash forms deposits and checks or transfers and then if none of those apply journal entries that would be unusual transactions like purchases of equipment and other kinds of investments the owner puts machinery into the equipment instead of money or something like that into the system and adjusting journal entries at the end of the period which we'll talk about in their own section which you don't have cash involved typically and they are designed specifically that are perfect for like a journal entry transaction we'll talk more about that in future presentations. Now just to look at this for the business view we've been going into the business view we've spent most of our time just talking about going to the get things done area and then just same plus button up top to open the invoice and the journal entry and then we looked at the get paid and paid area where we looked at the customers so this is the customer AAA we looked at the invoices here there and we looked at the transaction which is actually under the banking I'm sorry not the banking the bookkeeping and then transactions up top and then we were looking at the sales transactions so there's where that's located under this view and then of course we were looking at the reports which is under the business overview and you've got the reports on the left hand side so same stuff basically just different ways to get there


Let's talk about failure. There are two types of failure in business. There is temporary failure, and there is permanent failure. And in my mind, the ultimate failure is giving up forever and just never going back to try again. And for a lot of people, this happens immediately, maybe after one or two tries. And it's not necessarily their fault. It's, in my opinion, largely a product of the school system, which teaches you never to get the wrong answer. But as you'll learn in this video, you only need to be right once. So let's talk about how to increase your rate of failure, so that you can find success faster. Let's do it. This is something I've bringing up a lot lately. And it's the idea of a risk portfolio. And just like we need to diversify our risk in the stock market, we also need to diversify our risk in our personal actions we take to develop ourselves as a product. Now the best example of this is venture capital firms.  Now they did a study where they surveyed 2000 investments in companies where at least a million dollars was invested. Now remember that venture capital firms are professional investors. That means they're hypothetically the best in the world at picking companies that have the greatest chance of massive success. Now in this study out of the 2000 companies, 75% of those investments failed to return investors money. So that means the best startup pickers in the world failed 75% of the time. What does this mean for you? Well, let's look at the strategy behind VC investing, they're going to go out there and let's say a fund, they might develop a fund that lasts for five years and they're going to go, they're going to take this money, they're going to invest all the money into 10 different companies in over five years, they're going to pay back the investor's money and then give them the returns. So let's say that they pick 10, on average, seven and a half of those companies are going to completely fail. Now does that mean it's a bad VC firm? No, it doesn't. And if you're like, what are you talking about Christian? I'm not a VC firm. This applies to your life and how you're directing your time, energy and money. So you might want to listen to the strategy behind this so that you can apply it in your own life. So seven and a half out of those are going to fail. Now one or two of the other ones might return the investor's money, but not a huge return. Now where VC firms win and what they understand is that one of those companies is going to return 1000 times on the investor's money. And so that one company one out of 10 is going to make up for all of those other losses and then understand this very well. So they don't get upset or they don't quit. They don't say, oh, I made a mistake when one of those companies fails. It's part of their portfolio, just like you need to have your own risk portfolio in life. And so as long as they hit that one out of 10, it was all worth it. But guess what? They don't get to have the one out of 10 that hits 1000x without investing in the other nine because they cannot predict the future. They do not have a crystal ball that says based on our knowledge, this company will succeed or fail. They can only make their best guess. So I've talked about in previous videos how everything in life is like a poker bet and you can play the hand perfectly and still lose or you can play the hand wrong and still win. And so what we want to do is make good decisions consistently over time, knowing that most of them will fail, but some of them will hit so big that it will make up for all the other ones. So how does this apply to our life? Well, to use the baseball analogy, you have to step up to the plate and swing, right? You can't play poker without losing some hands. So if you want to be in the business game, you're not going to win on every hand that you play. You're not going to win on every investment that you make, but you still want to be making investments. I'm not talking about investing money in startups. I'm talking about where do you place your time? Where do you place your energy? What opportunities do you pursue? And where are you investing in yourself in education? And so you want to have that portfolio where you might make 10 investments in yourself in education and nine of those might be, you know, break even or you don't really do too much with them. And one of those is going to 1000 x your return and that's going to make up for all the other ones. But the point is that you're in the habit of investing in yourself and looking for those returns knowing that it is a portfolio. Some of it will fail and some of it will succeed. Now VCs have another role where they're not going to invest in a company that they think is going to grow to a million dollars or two million or three million or five million dollars because they need that one to get 1000 x return to make up for all the other ones, right? So they're not in the business of just getting these small consistent returns. It just is not worth the time and effort and energy for them when they need such a big return on their investor's money. So they're going to go out there and they're going to look for asymmetrical returns. That means the return on the investment is disproportionate to the energy or the time or the money that you've put in it. So when you're out there and you're looking for opportunities in your own life for business, for education, you want to pick things that have the potential for an asymmetric return. So maybe something that can return 100 times your investment. So if you're investing in courses and you're looking at $1,000 courses, you might want to make sure there's an opportunity that you can make a hundred grand from that investment over the next couple of years. And again, it might hit, it might not, but make sure there's at least the opportunity for that hundred x return. Now, if you're making a bigger investment in yourself or in your business or in a staff member, let's say you're spending $10,000 on mentorship, you might want to make sure that over the next five years, that has the potential to return you a million dollars, which isn't too hard, right? That's 200 grand over five years in the business world.  So you want to calculate these returns before you invest the time and the energy and the effort into a new business, into a new mentorship into more education, into a new line of products that exploits a different area of the market. Does this have the opportunity to at least return us 100x, even if we're not positive, that it's going to come back to us. And so when you build your portfolio like that, you look at the opportunities that have asymmetric returns, they don't just have the opportunity for 1x, a 2x, a 5x, a 10x, we have at least 100x return on the table. Over time, our portfolio of risk will balance out and even if we lose 9 out of 10, we have the 10th one to make up for the other ones. So that's how VCs think, act and behave in the wild. And I think most of us could learn a lot from them because although they're professionals and they're the best in the world at what they do, they still fail 7.5 times out of 10, just like you will entering your own business career. So when you fail, do not say to yourself, I'm bad at this, I'm wrong, I don't know what I'm doing. The professionals don't know what they're doing 7.5 out of 10 times, just to understand that your action is part of your portfolio. And as long as you hit those big wins one out of 10, you're going to be just fine. So let's say you start up a new funnel in your business to bring in new customers, it would be kind of dumb to just launch one and hope that it wins if that has a potential to 100x your business, right? And if you're just starting out, you made $10,000 this year, you have plenty of potential to 100x your business. So it would be kind of foolish to launch one funnel and then make a judgment about yourself, about your business, about the opportunity based on that one funnel, knowing that the pros fail 7.5 times out of 10. So what if instead we launched 10 funnels, and we said it's our goal to fail on nine of these and have one of them hit. But that one, we're going to scale to seven figures. So let's put in the time, the energy, the effort to research and write and launch and test 10 completely different customer acquisition funnels and be perfectly fine with nine of those failing. That is our funnel portfolio. So let me know in the comments, does this make sense? Does a risk portfolio in your own life with how you spend your time, energy, effort and money make sense? If so, understanding that you're supposed to fail the majority of the time, as long as you can get an asymmetric return on one of those investments, what are you going to do differently in your life? Do you think you could take some bigger swings and be okay with them not working out knowing that's part of playing the game? Are you going to change anything you do this week? Let me know in the comments. Also, don't forget to like, subscribe and hit notifications so you get the next video. That's all for today. It's Christian, the work from Anywhere Digital Marketing Guy. See you on the next one.


If we could just take our seats for our last session in here today. How you guys feeling? Are you excited for our last two speakers? Alright, well hold tight and come up closer if you can here, alright? But we're very excited, let me have them introduced. So I'm very excited to present to you, Stephanie Godoro and Stacy Toth. So this is what happens when stupid, easy paleo and the paleo parent collide. Two very strong women who are about to bring everything that we've learned, the practical sense from theory to practice. So I'm looking forward to the talk. Alright, kick it. Thank you. You're starting right. Alright, so we're going to talk today about some specific requirements and health benefits of strength training for women. So earlier on today, Jamie Scott talked a lot about the role of muscle, mass and why that's really important. Today we're going to, in our presentation, put more of a feminine spin on everything for you guys. So, oh does it automatically go, oh it automatically goes, oh. I got your back. Alright, so this is our general overview. We're going to go into some general known factors, some specific training requirements to get the benefits of strength training and to talk a little bit more about health benefits versus appearance, how those are similar and different, and then talk a little bit at the end about a survey that we did, which I think you guys are going to like. Okay, so just a quick little bit about me. I've been pretty much a lifelong athlete, but spent a lot of time thrashing myself doing endurance training. For about 10 years I raced bikes, and about four years ago I found CrossFit and have transitioned now into weightlifting. So that combined with paleo has really changed my life and I'm really, really passionate about strength training and just recently qualified for the American Open in weightlifting. So, I'm a very passionate strength-based athlete. And I am also a very passionate strength-based athlete. I have not been an athlete my whole life. I lost over 100 pounds when I went to paleo four and a half years ago and I have several autoimmune disorders and have been working on figuring out how to manage those over the last couple of years. And in January of 2013 I also found CrossFit and after several months realized that the thing that I really liked about CrossFit was lifting heavy things. So I have since transitioned to the sport of lifting heavy things, which is strong man or strong woman in my case. And I too was recently invited to my equivalent to the Open, the NAS Nationals. So, thank you. With that said, Stephanie and I want to tell you that we are very biased. We have a lot of references and information to back up what we're about to share with you, but without a doubt we are drinking the strength training Kool-Aid and we're going to pour it down your throats for the next 20 minutes. Okay, so just to go over kind of the list of generally known health benefits for women who strength train. This is just like if you talk to your primary care physician, I would like to think that that primary care physician would be supportive of these kinds of health benefits when you talked about it. What we're going to talk about is kind of a little more detail about that and what the science behind those triggers are and how you can optimize these health benefits by going into the type of activities that you should be doing to optimize it. Specifically, you've got osteoporosis and bone density. Specifically, this is really helpful in women as they age and their metabolic rates deteriorate and they start to lose muscle mass. They also start to lose bone density, which makes them more likely to have brittle bones and prone to injury, often death if you break a hip or something like that when you're older. Increased muscle mass is really great. I know there's been at least one or two talks here at the symposium about really focusing on the increased muscle mass as being a measure for health rather than decreasing fat as a measure of health. When you're doing these sort of things, you're also going to get your hormones regulated and get some increased energy who doesn't like energy, right? You've been here for how long? Look, you guys got no energy. You obviously did not work out today. So, Stephanie, we're here, man. We're rocking. We've got our energy and mass. So, in addition to kind of the bone density issue, you're also going to experience improved balance, coordination and flexibility as you age with that increased muscle mass and with that strength that you have on your body, which helps, again, with not breaking bones and not dying and all those sort of things. Nobody wants that. Sarah, Valentine and I talked earlier today about hormone regulation and the benefits that that has of your overall health. Strength training in general helps contribute to hormone regulation, both blood sugar reproductive hormone regulation, which is really important in women, obviously, and growth hormone, which is generally helpful for your entire person. And lastly, your metabolic rate increases with strength training. So, as your muscle mass increases, you're also helping your metabolic rate, but with the training itself, you're allowing your body to burn more calories in a rested state, not just when you're working out. So, getting into some specifics for training requirements, we talk a lot in the strength community about the minimum effective dose, and a lot of the training that we do is very potent, but we're going to just mention a couple of things here. You know, in terms of a more ancestral point of view on strength training and what it means to be strong, you know, we can think about what we would do in terms of long, slow walking, occasionally sprinting, getting away from a predator, having strength to perform daily tasks, like carrying children, moving your camp and going out and foraging for food. So, when we're talking about the frequency of training, what we see a lot is the more is more mentality. And with strength training, we don't think that fits with an ancestral point of view, but it also doesn't really fit with what we know physiologically. So, when it comes to women in strength training, it seems to fall into one of two camps, right? We get ladies who are afraid to lift heavy. Raise your hand if you're afraid to lift heavy. Okay. Okay, you can be honest. We're here to help you. So, afraid to lift heavy or lifting too infrequently, or the opposite end of that spectrum, which is just really hammering yourself with training. So, not only do we want to avoid this more is more mentality because of burnout and overtraining, which significantly increases the risk for injury. When it comes to actual physiology, what we see is if you're truly working in type 2 muscle fiber, which is your fast twitch, explosive power generating type of muscle fiber, these types of muscle fibers require more recovery time, especially if we're going to add in an eccentric movement to that particular strength training lift. So, anywhere from 6 days plus, if you're really working those muscle fibers pretty hard. So, when it comes to getting a benefit from strength training, we don't need to see the more is more mentality, and I think that's really important for folks to understand. However, you need to provide enough of a stimulus that it's actually going to recruit a large portion of your muscle fiber, and we'll talk about that in an upcoming slide. You know, when it comes to physiological differences for chronic cardio versus strength training, it's pretty well known that chronic endurance training is going to lead to chronic oxidative stress, and when we're talking about, you know, at the cellular level, that's definitely not a good thing. So, if we're able to back off of that and do strength training where we're still providing strong stimulus and getting some kind of gain and benefit from that, but having to do it less frequently, then it's a pretty win-win situation. I think that last line is on the wrong slide, so I'm just going to skip over that part for now. There it is. So, the difference in slow versus fast fiber recruitment, if you're going to be doing kind of a slow, long, low-force production type of exercise or movement, you're going to be recruiting more type 1 fibers, and so these are things you can do all day. You could walk all day, right? It's not really a big deal. The fast type of fiber, and there are several different types of fast twitch fibers, but the fast type of fiber is really going to be that force production fiber that takes a lot of, you know, you need to lift a lot of weight to actually activate that, and that's the type of requirement that you're going to need activating those fast twitch fibers to really produce a significant metabolic change, and Stacey kind of alluded to that earlier. So, you know, we do want to see moving away from the chronic cardio, moving into the strength training. Hormatic stressors, so obviously a hormatic stressor is the way your body can adapt to certain stimuli, but again, when we're comparing kind of long, slow distance endurance training with strength training, we see that with strength training, there's less stress on the adrenals, so the HPA axis. Cortisol will be lower, testosterone higher, and especially in females, we tend to have 5 to 10 percent of the testosterone of the average male, so if we can maximize that by doing the right type of training and actually not suppressing that, we're going to see better gains. And then of course, because cortisol response is lower, we're not seeing as much of the taxation on the immune system, so in endurance training, in non-strength training, we tend to see a lot of infection, chronic illness, and things like that because we're suppressing immunity. Okay. That's still the same one. So we're going to... Oh, this one's still mine. Yeah, so we get a lot of questions, what type of lifting do I have to do, right? And we've kind of alluded to it, the lifting net needs to be heavy and somewhat low rep, so what we see a lot of times is females coming into the gym, they're lifting up very lightweight and doing it lots and lots and lots of times, and again, that's going to be more parallel to working those type one types of fibers. It's a low-force movement, you're not recruiting as much muscle fiber, you can do tons and tons of reps, but you're not necessarily going to see the same benefit. So we want to see the type of exercise, the type of training, the type of strength movements that are heavy enough that you have to actually produce force and you just physically can't do that for a lot of reps. So higher rep... sorry, higher weight, lower rep movements are going to give you the better benefit as opposed to more of like a bodybuilding style training, which is where we see lots and lots of reps at low weight. Because the type of heavy weight type of training is going to require more fiber types to be recruited, we're seeing that that has those, especially those type 2X fibers, there's a very potent effect on the metabolism of other body tissues, not just muscle. So we alluded to this kind of like increasing metabolic rate at a resting state. This is really important. So if we want to positively affect metabolism, we have to recruit as much muscle fiber as possible, and we're not going to get that by lifting really low weight. Okay, so now we're going to move into kind of the health benefits versus appearance of strength training for women. This is kind of one of my platforms. As a woman who lost a lot of weight, people always ask me all the time, well, you're working out, are you losing weight? And I personally am no longer interested in working out. I find that I have health benefits from strength training that has nothing to do with weight loss anymore. I'm interested in trying to lean out and lose fat, but I'm more interested in gaining muscle. And we're going to talk a little bit about why that is. So it's important to understand that women are specifically predisposed to have a higher body fat percentage than men. Just period, end of story, even if we're both at our ideal leanness and ideal health, men are going to be naturally lower body fat than women.  So I can tell you from personal experience that as I have begun to strength train, my body has changed. Has anybody heard of the CrossFit booty? Right? Yes. Okay, so that's because you're building not just muscle, but you're changing where your fat's depositing as your metabolic system and everything is changing.  And what research has indicated is that women who have adipose tissue or fat around that pear shape are actually preventing long-term diseases such as diabetes in their future. This is how women's bodies want to be.  Isn't necessarily the case. So just with regard to muscle mass, again, the rebuttal that we hear a lot from females is I don't want to get bulky. And I was talking to Keith Norris earlier today and he said, you know, I tell females that come into my gym and say that I will double your money back if you get bulky. And this is a huge thing. Women will say, like, oh, I just, you know, I'm not comfortable with the movements and a lot of the time they're just afraid to get big. But we know from research that GDF-8 is a gene codes for myostatin which is essentially like the brake pedal that prevents this great anabolic response leads to a significant gain in muscle mass.  So in most males, in fact, it's also not quite as... is not quite as active. So the actual physical capability of building what would be a very bulky amount of muscle mass is just not possible for most people and for women it's even harder. So despite heavy loads, most women don't bulk up even though the amount of force that they're able to generate by lifting heavy loads tends to increase. And we've covered some of this already really quickly. The thing I wanted to point out there is the increase in type 2 muscle fiber research shows now in animal models at least is that increasing that fast twitch muscle fiber has significant implications on fatty acid oxidation in distant tissues to just muscle. So by increasing muscle mass we're able to more effectively decrease fat mass. So a lot of times we see females come into the gym all they do is strength train but they improve body composition without doing a lot of long slow distance or endurance type training. So the next thing that we want to try to cover is the emotional benefit. So we talked health benefits physical. What we're going to talk about next is emotional health benefits. We actually did a little informal survey that we want to share the results with you but it's been proven in medical literature as well that as women strength train there's hormonal response and dorphins and all kinds of things that are great and help your emotional state but it's also empowering for women to kind of feel strong and so Stephanie conducted the survey and the results are kind of more than powerful. We did an informal survey online and asked women to participate. We ended up getting over 600 females that participated in this and we asked questions ranging from age to type of training but really the answers that we got on the psychosocial benefit were I'm not that kind of person but I had to reach for a box of tissues because it was actually pretty powerful. So we asked how long have you been lifting or strength training? There's a significant amount of the respondents were two plus years which is actually very surprising to me. We see kind of a bell shaped curve here with age with most of the respondents being 30 to 40 years old but again a significant number of women in the 40 to 50 category and even one lady she was like super proud she was 60 plus she's like hey I answered on 60 plus but hopefully I'd like to see that eventually we can get more people in those later ages because again trying to protect bone density and muscle masses predictors of longevity. So do you train at home or at a gym? Most at a gym? And then this is the one that was really poignant the middle bar there I had to actually delete that question or that option and I rolled it into the top so increased confidence slash it's empowering what do you like about lifting? Building strength pushing my limits and obviously they could choose more than one here building muscle losing fat I thought that was pretty telling like I like building muscle technically more than I like the fact that I'm losing fat and then we had some other that were fill in the blank so the next slide and you can't see all of these here but we tried to ask for free responses from women about what they liked I mean mental toughness muscle definition being able to focus on a specific muscle stress release increased energy and so we kind of tried to find a common theme here so commonly cited things improvements in body composition overall and again many many women said that they liked that they were gaining muscle they didn't always say that they were losing fat increased confidence self-discovery of strength or physical capacity like wow I didn't know that I could actually do this and I'm shocked I feel like I can go out and conquer these other things now acceptance of body size this is really kind of one that I know we both personally feel strongly about but as somebody who's always been a little bit more well muscled than other females I'm like hey now I get to do something really awesome with that gift I was given losing the weight loss mentality so again what can we gain from it we're gaining strength, gaining confidence not necessarily just focusing on weight loss and the one that kept coming up a lot too was finding community and really taking like taking that to heart that there were other women who were it's like this secret society that we don't want to talk about we're like yeah I feel like I'm the only one strength training and then people come out of the woodwork and they're like oh my gosh yeah I love strength training too and it's this automatic bond I think that you form so we found that to be very powerful so just in conclusion to remind everyone women are more likely to have lean muscle mass and improved long-term health with the effect of effective doses of strength training and we kind of defined what those effective doses were as women were predisposed to be pear shaped and the thickening of the hips and thighs are actually healthy and not necessarily something to be concerned about and lastly as women if we become more comfortable with the power of our bodies and the idea of using it as a tool will be more empowered and reap the emotional benefits of that as well as the physical you have to give them the mic so I'm sold welcome to the secret society but I need more concrete guidance so I'm kind of thinking something like eight to ten reps to total depletion once a week am I on the right track how could I get more information to guide me as I get into this I would definitely seek the help of a professional that could give you a programming at least in the beginning to start I have varying movements from one rep max to five by fives to two by tens it really depends on what day of the week and what kind of movements I'm working and I think yours is the same I would also echo that especially if you're new to strength training finding the correct range of motion and finding the way to perform the lifts safely but effectively enough and using weights that are going to challenge that type 2 fiber usage are really important but if you're very new to it finding a reputable facility programming is really going to be probably your best bet and is there a difference between free weights and machines we don't really like machine that's I mean the type of effect that you're going to get from using something like a barbell movement or free weight movement like if you don't have the mobility to have the bar on your back maybe a goblet squat something like that those compound movements if you think about the type of force you have to produce in the size of the muscles you're working it's a much different stimulus than using a machine that's going to isolate a particular muscle so we're very big fans of compound movements squat, deadlift, press, bench press power cleans things like that that are going to require you to use a large muscle groups in the body and not just isolate to one specific thing I know that the free weights in the gym can be really intimidating especially if you don't have a gym buddy or a trainer to kind of show it to you so that's why really finding that community some place where you feel comfortable to not be afraid to ask you know what is this and how do I use it is really important when you're starting hi and I just wanted to add to the comment I did used to lift I took a break for a year and a half but I'm back because of you two or I will be back next week but the mental effect that I got from doing free weights was so stimulating and I had to think and I had to concentrate and so if you're at a machine and just doing a rope movement you don't get that so you have to use balance and your mind is I mean it's amazing how much your mind comes in play when you're doing these physical movements so that's a huge benefit I found from doing it as well thank you so how do you get over the mental block of the weight looking too big like when I do a tire flip every time I'm like this is too big it's actually taller than me it's not actually too heavy but I have a really hard time getting over the mental block okay you lift more kilos I never say I can't do anything I think that's the biggest thing and especially when new people start in the gym it's the thing that I'm telling them over and over again is people say I'll try or I don't think I can and if your mentality is this thing is intimidating me you're not going to succeed just like anything in life if you tell yourself you can't do something you are likely not going to do it if you tell yourself you can then you'll figure out a way to do it and whether it takes three weeks like you know or what we do in our gym is when a tire is too heavy for someone a trainer will be kind of training wheels on someone and have like one hand on it and then eventually they pretend like they're lifting the tire with them and take their hands off and then it's like hey wrote a bike you flipped a tire and it's really exciting alright well we'd love to have you guys stick around for any of the last minute questions we have here but thank you so much another round of applause you have concluded our day and if you'd like to stick around here we do have one more talk in Wheeler but the book signings will be here with some of our speakers and authors alright so thank you and waters in the back restrooms are down the stairs


After doing a poll around my Instagram and by the interest of my beautiful girlfriend Tristan it looks like quite a few people want to know why we believe in Ouija boards. I found this topic interesting not only for the supernatural psychology aspect but recently my son and I have jumped into horror movies with my girlfriend. Although I was largely a wuss when it came to spooky movies my girlfriends love for them has shown me that there's some fun in controlled fear. During this last week my son and I binged watched all four paranormal activity movies with Tristan because they're some of her faves. In the first movie when hoping to find out what this demon wants one of the main characters Mika suggests trying a Ouija board. Katie who this demon seems to be attached to is immediately scared by Mika even suggesting this and she makes him promise not to try it. But in a twist of words Mika merely promises not to buy a Ouija board but later he brings one home and justifies it by saying he kept his promise because he just borrowed it. This triggers a huge fight between Mika and Katie and when they leave the house we see the board move on its own and then catch fire. This is actually quite common too and no not the Ouija board moving because of a spirit and then catching fire but people are legitimately afraid to use a Ouija board. In paranormal activity they say it's dangerous because you're then inviting the demon in or there's the concern that they might aggravate the demon. One of the reasons I love my girlfriend is because we have interesting conversations while critically thinking together and although we're both huge skeptics she was telling me how she would be reluctant to use a Ouija board. I found this really interesting. In a recent supernatural psychology video I asked how many of you would live in a house where murders took place and in the last video I discussed how many of us atheists wouldn't sell our soul. So today I thought it'd be interesting to dive into the supernatural psychology of Ouija boards because there's actually some science behind how they work. So before we get started pause the video for a second and let me know down in the comments below if you would be brave enough to use a Ouija board. In order to understand how Ouija boards work we need to discuss the psychological phenomenon called the idiomotor effect and also if you're new to the Rewired Soul make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. Here we practice critical thinking and skepticism to improve our emotional intelligence and overall well-being. In a hilarious episode of Bob's Burgers that took place in season 5 Tina falls in love with a ghost named Jeff who she keeps in a shoebox. When Tammy Jocelyn Zeke and Jimmy Jr. are skeptical of the existence of Jeff, Louise convinces them to use a Ouija board to communicate with Jeff. After Zeke asks Jeff what type of food ghosts eat the Ouija board replies with S-O-U-P and all the kids end up believing they actually communicated with this ghost named Jeff. Later we find out that Louise was chicken the kids and was actually moving the planchette and I assume that even most skeptics figure that when using the board with other people someone must be moving it but what's really interesting is that even if you use the board alone it would move. To understand this we need to explain the idiomotor effect. As Dr. Steven Novella describes in his book The Skeptics Guide to the Universe he explains the idiomotor effect as involuntary subtle muscle movement triggered by an expectation that creates the illusion that the movement was caused by an external force. The idiomotor effect is just another wacky part of our brain that many of us are completely unaware of. This explains many beliefs that date back to ancient times before we had the scientific progress that we have today. Even as recently as 1933 the British Society of Dowsers was founded. Dowsing is something you may have seen before where people take two rods and believe they can point you in the direction of water. You hold the two rods parallel and as you near water supposedly the rods are supposed to cross. While sometimes the Dowser will get lucky and stumble across water based on random chance there's no scientific evidence that Dowsing works in any scientific way. Dowsers also believe that this practice can find metal ores, gemstones, oil and more which would completely defy the laws of physics. Psychologist Ray Hyman has done quite a bit of research into the idiomotor effect to explain why this happens. Hyman says quote under a variety of circumstances our muscles will behave unconsciously in accordance with an implanted expectation. What makes this simple fact so important is that we are not aware that we ourselves are the source of the resulting action. This lack of any sense of volition is common in many everyday actions. So this also helps explain why we believe Ouija boards actually work. Like Hyman states this happens unconsciously in accordance with an implanted expectation. This is why a Ouija board plan chat may move even if we're using the board alone. But when with friends the board may have more power if multiple people have similar unconscious expectations. While this may help explain something like the board's yes or no questions what about when the board actually spells out words? Well think about it. Have you ever watched Wheel of Fortune or played a game of Hangman? Our brain is a prediction machine and is constantly trying to fill in gaps and guess what's coming. And this is especially true with words. As the plan chat moves to a letter the unconscious idiomotor effect kicks in and starts spelling out a word. Then we use post-talk reasoning to explain what this word means in relation to what we're asking or experiencing. So now that we have a better understanding of the idiomotor effect the question is does it really matter if people believe in Ouija boards? Sometimes when I make these supernatural psychology videos I wonder Chris are you just being a buzzkill? As many of you know I hold firmly to the belief that if it's not hurting anyone who cares. For example even though I'm an atheist if you're a believer as long as you're not trying to harm people do your thing. So is it a big deal if you and your friends have a spooky night and use a Ouija board and think it's real? As long as you don't make any life-changing decisions that may have a negative impact I'd say no. Or is it a big deal that my highly intelligent and rational girlfriend would be reluctant to use a Ouija board? Not really. I don't expect that topic ever being the catalyst for a fight in our relationship. Although I'd argue that in a majority of cases it's no big deal whether or not people believe in Ouija boards there are some concerns. For example there's a booming industry of psychic medians who manipulate people out of a lot of money by taking advantage of their belief in the supernatural. Some grieving people desperate to speak to a loved one who passed away may spend thousands of dollars trying to communicate with them. Others may spend tens of thousands of dollars in psychics trying to induce more control over their own lives. If your belief in the supernatural is hurting you psychologically or financially I make these videos on critical thinking and skepticism for you. But what if I told you that this belief has actually led to hundreds of deaths? Currently a man by the name of James McCormick is spending 10 years in prison for taking advantage of people's ignorance about the idiomotor effect. At first McCormick started selling a golf ball finder using a similar framework as the Dousers. But money is one of the most corruptive influences so he eventually upgraded to saying that he had invented a device that can locate landmines and he's thought to have made upwards of 50 million pounds from the sales of more than 7,000 of these fake devices. According to the BBC one invoice showed sales of 38 million pounds over three years to Iraq. He also sold these bogus devices to countries such as Thailand, Georgia, Romania and more. As a result hundreds of people have died using his devices while searching for landmines. So although Ouija boards are largely just for a spooky evening of fun when we lack critical thinking skills and skepticism our ignorance can have devastating results. Many of us won't be defrauded by a psychic or a guy selling fake bomb detection devices but we need to look at the bigger picture. By being skeptical and practicing critical thinking we're increasing our ability to pause and question what we're reading in the news or even gossip our friends are telling us. And when we educate ourselves about how the mind works we can better understand some of its unconscious reactions such as biases or the idiomotor effect. Alright everybody thank you once again for making it all the way through this video essay and yeah I was excited to make it like I said over on Instagram by the way follow me over on Instagram at 3Width Soul on Twitter too but anyways I put up a poll because I love hearing from all of you and a ton of you wanted me to cover this and it's something that I've been thinking about doing for a while so I hope you enjoyed it and learning about the idiomotor effect I hope that makes a little bit more sense why these Ouija boards work and listen like I said I am constantly constantly questioning myself like I'm like Chris are you just you're just being a wet blanket are you being an old wet blanket trying to discourage people from just having fun no I don't care I don't care like if you want to like have fun and do whatever and get spooky that's cool but like I said like we're practicing honing our critical thinking skills and everything like that you know just to help us in other situations we question things and say hey is there another possible explanation for this like just constantly when I look you know on social media when I look at videos and just see all the arguments and everything like that or recently I've been seeing a ton of conspiracy theories and stuff like I'm just like we need to become better thinkers right and by the way I have a lot of videos planned like diving into stuff I put up some other polls and I'm gonna do some of the other videos that you guys voted like second and third and things like that so those will be coming soon make sure you follow me on social media I've had some people say they're not getting notifications and all that but I always tweet or I put it up on my Instagram stories or whatever so make sure you follow me over on social media all right but anyways I don't know if this video is gonna be monetized if you want to support the channel in any way at the end there's a link to patreon or if you're looking for therapy like I have been well I actually got therapy a long time ago anyways I use better help online therapy if you want to check it out there's an affiliate link down below it's affordable it's online so you can be indoors social distancing and working with an awesome therapist I'm gonna use my link a little bit comes back to support the channel and the work that I do here so check it out down in the description and the pin comment below and also I always link the books that I recommend too so if you want to check out the books from Steven Novella go check that out alright but anyways that's all I got for this video if you liked this video please give it a thumbs up if you're new make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell and a huge huge thank you to everybody who supports the channel over on patreon or getting my books at the rewiredstall.com or signing up for you know better help or using my affiliate links all of you are just the most beautiful people ever all right thanks again for watching


Live from Barcelona, Spain, it's theCUBE. Covering Cisco Live Europe. Brought to you by Cisco and its ecosystem partners. Okay, welcome back everyone. Live here in Barcelona, it's theCUBE's coverage. Day two of three days of coverage. John Furrier with Stu Miniman and Dave Vellante. Dave in this segment. Our next guest is Gordon Thompson, Vice President of Global Enterprise Network from Cisco Worldwide. Run a lot of countries here in Cisco, knows the territory, knows the lay of the land in Europe, Middle East, Africa and Russia. Now global, welcome to theCUBE. Thank you very much. Glad to be with you. So you're on stage in the keynote, you're saying, we're here in Barcelona. A lot of action in Europe. Europe's different than North America, but you start to see them leading the trends on how to handle these complex environments, like highly regulated compliance, GDPR, we've been hearing about that. Security, cybersecurity. So a lot of trends in Europe are actually leading in some areas. It's impacting the network. Your thoughts on this show so far, how's it going? Yeah, so I think there's a fundamental phenomenal opportunity for our customer base and for Cisco at the moment in terms of where technology is going. It's mostly been driven by software innovation in the business, okay? So for many, many years, we built world-class hardware and a software operating system that did one thing. It provided connectivity, okay? But it did one thing. Reliable, secure, performance-based connectivity, but it did one thing. The opportunity now, going back to your question, is we're developing software that doesn't do one thing. It's software that does multiple different things on top of that hardware that therefore helps solve some of the challenges around compliance and all of these sorts of things, but at the same time start to provide much deeper insight and analytics into what's going on in your environment and that then starts to let you say, hey, there's information here in the network that I've never been exposed to before, that I'm now exposed to and I can start to do something meaningful with that data and that's the opportunity I think for our customers, is how they monetize that, how they use that information and providing that information on a real-time basis is going to be the critical thing. So we see a very competitive environment, EMEA. We see loads of businesses in EMEA looking to see how they can use technology to drive differentiation for them in the market and they're beginning to realize that data is the key to being able to do that and they're now seeing how much data they've got on their network that if they can get exposure to, they can start to use in a meaningful way. So really exciting, it's very innovative here and we're seeing customers starting to realize how important the network is.   What do they have to change? So they have to really think about truly how they're architecting and designing their networks. As I said earlier, our own Cisco's and organizations been phenomenally successful, but we've really done one thing in 30 years, provide reliable, secure connectivity. And over the last four years, our innovation strategy has changed to say, we're not just going to deliver connectivity, we're going to look at how we can deliver automation on top of the network. We're going to look at how we deliver security embedded in the network. We're going to look at how we take real-time analytical insights off of the network. And when you think differently about how you use a network, you'll then start to think differently about the value the network can bring in. And I was making that comment because I was wanting customers to think about the network no longer just being something that's going to deliver connectivity. It's something that will absolutely drive business transformation for them if they approach it with that thought process in mind. So it was really a challenge to get people to think slightly differently. Yeah, wake up a little bit and saying, okay, what's going on here? And I want to get your thoughts on the trend because the tailwinds, I think that Cisco's feeling right now is in every major inflection point, there's always complexity and abstraction layers of software always take away the complexities. So software, check, big time trend. But cloud scale and horizontal scale now with the enterprise hyper flex out to the edge, ACI anywhere. So you start to see Cisco as one large scalable network with complexities that's being managed by software across domains. This seems to be a beautiful formula for what customers want, which is secure networks. Do you see it that way? Is that a major wave you're riding? Is that what the customers are saying? Because I think you're getting at something that's important, which is I'm moving packets around, I'm moving data around, but I got to put my solution out in front of customers, the applications, how they access and engage. So these are like a big picture items, but what's your thoughts on this? Okay, so it's interesting, right? Because what we've created is, so we've created this software overlay network in various different areas. We've created a fabric in the data center, we've created an ACI fabric, okay? In the branch in the campus, we've created what we call software defined access fabric. And in the one, we've created the software defined one fabric with a reptile acquisition, also with Marrake. The interesting thing is people have created these software fabrics to drive southbound automation onto the network to save money, to move more quickly. What we're saying to our customers is, actually the value isn't just about driving southbound automation on each of these fabrics, it's about how you take information from each of these fabrics, connect that information together holistically, and then start to provide more value around behavioral analytics to secure your environment more, et cetera, et cetera. So you're going to see individual fabrics, but then what Dave Geckler was talking about was how he connects these fabrics or domains together. Connecting them together is going to help us secure the environment even more effectively, but it's also going to help us analyze what's going on more effectively as well. So this is really the kind of the sweet spot, I think, for us to work more closely with our customers. So about security, because I think this is a great point. I think if you guys can, well, here we have the fabrics now, product portfolio is broadened, you're filling in, it's filled in, but security still is hot, it's still number one. You guys are embedding that foundationally into the network and lifting the data up to create insight. So what are some of the actionable things that you're seeing enabled from one, the fabrics coming together, and talk about the dynamic of security specifically, because if you don't fix the security paradigm at the network level, it's a house of cars, everything crashes. I mean, well, that's my opinion. You know, your thoughts, do you agree with that? I hope nothing crashes at the end of the day, but the key thing I think is, we like to say we put security in the network, whereas we look at all of the other networking vendors applying security on top of the network. What's the difference? In our own, one word each with two letters in them, but a massive difference in terms of what they do. Ultimately, the network can provide us with loads of contextual information around what's happening in the environment, and it's about how you use that information on a real-time basis to help make better security decisions, okay? And it's really taking the value of networking devices and passing that information from a network switch or a wireless controller to a security policy control capability is really where we start to see value come together, and it's these things that are important to us. For example, I met with a sales leader recently in a very large pharmaceutical company in Europe, and their problem was their sales people were handing in their resignation, but they were doing it the day after they'd taken all the intellectual property out of the company, right? They had gone and taken all of the customer database, they'd put it on a stick, they'd put it in their pocket, and they were away, and it happens every day. The challenge is the network should be able to see a behavioral change. If that was you or me, we would be, we normally perform the same activities on the network every day, right? We don't really change what we do, but the minute we start to go to old servers to download information that we haven't downloaded in years, you know, that's a behavioral change, and the network should be able to identify that, pass that information to the network administrator, and deal with it so we can stop that sort of, you know, data leakage from our organization. So these are the sorts of things that I think are exciting. It just goes unique because of the scope of your portfolio or the technology, or? Well, a bit of both. This was unique because of the scope of the technology, but it's also about the amount of information we take off the network. You know, people talked about in this software overlay the network becoming hardware becoming commoditized. Oh, Cisco, you know, your hardware is going to become commoditized, we'll move to white box. The reality is it's the power of our hardware, our ASIC design, that allows us to pull all of this information off the network. People are beginning to realize how important data is now, and now they're beginning to say, actually, hardware's really important. Although it's the software that does all the sexy stuff, hardware's really important, and we're beginning to see customers recognize two things. The breadth of the portfolio, as we've mentioned earlier on, but also the power of the hardware to allow you the software to do everything it does. Gordon, I know you got to go. Thanks for coming on. One final question while you're here, because I know you have a unique perspective, I want to get it real quick. Quick sound bite here. Global is now a big part of everyone's plans. Global economy, you have good experience globally with Cisco, and also here in Amir. How should companies think about global networking? What's that we are insight into? How people should start thinking about global architectures, global clouds, global networks? Your thoughts? So I think every organization is looking to build out these capabilities. There's absolutely no doubt they are. But I think the way to approach it nowadays with all of the software capabilities we have is to build bit by bit, right? To build your networks in different islands, and then look to how you join those islands together. And I think ultimately that's how most organizations are looking to move forward. From our point of view, I think we'll look to connect those islands or fabrics together with the power of data. And ultimately I think we've always said data's a new oil, but I think truly in the networking industry now, data is a new oil, and it's truly how organizations will differentiate themselves in the future. Gordon, thank you for spending the time on theCUBE, and now you've got a hard stop. Appreciate it, and thank you for your precious time. It's theCUBE live coverage from Barcelona. I'm John Furrier with Dave Vellante. More live coverage, stay with us after this short break.