Coming up on DTNs, best guesses from reliable sources on new Apple computers coming this year, Google taunts Australia over plans to make it pay for news, and Allison Sheridan helps us wrap up our CES coverage with a few cool fun. This is the Daily Tech News for Friday, January 15th, 2021 in Los Angeles, I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. And I'm Allison Sheridan of the Podfeat Podcast Empire. Drawing the top tech stories from the home of the Cleveland Browns, I'm Ron Peralta. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chang. Hey, folks, we were just talking about breakfast and how important it is. Is it the most important meal of the day? Find out. Become a patron and get good day internet at patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Amazon launched the Alexa Custom Assistant. I promise I'll only see it at the one time. A service that lets third party companies create their own virtual assistants themselves. Companies can set their own wake words and create custom voices with unique capabilities. Amazon says that these custom assistants will coexist with Amazon's own assistant on platforms with voice requests outside of a custom assistant's functionality routed to Amazon's. Fiat Chrysler is the first announced partner working on its own custom assistant. The Oregonian newspaper reports incoming Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger told an all hands meeting, quote, we have to deliver better products to the PC ecosystem than any possible thing that a lifestyle company and Cupertino makes. One presumes he means Apple, not the target on Stevens Creek Boulevard. Meanwhile, Intel updated its NUC lineup of performance mini desktop computers to include 11th gen Intel processors, Wi-Fi 6, some models with Z graphics. The NUC proline will be available to drive up to 8k displays with some V pro enabled CPUs in there. A new model, the NUC 11 enthusiast codename Fentum Canyon offers a core i7 1165G7 CPU and Nvidia RTX 2060 as well as two Thunderbolt 4 ports and a 2.5 gigabit ethernet ports. Simpleknuck.com lists that one starting at $1349 for the model that includes your hard drive and RAM. Researchers at Mount Sinai Health System in New York and Stanford University in California have found a way to predict if users of Apple Garmin and Fitbit watches have COVID-19 before the virus is detectable in tests. The Mount Sinai study analyzed Apple watch wearers for heart rate variability, which is a known marker of inflammation. People infected with COVID-19 experience lower heart rate variability. Stanford monitored wearers of Apple, Garmin and Fitbit devices and found that 81% of coronavirus positive participants experienced changes in their resting heart rates of up to nine and a half days prior to the onset of symptoms. The researchers could predict infection in two out of three of those infected. Back in October, security researchers noticed on macOS Big Sur that Apple's own apps were bypassing third-party firewalls, security tools and VPN apps. This was the result of the content filter exclusion list included in the OS. Apple said that list was temporary and an Apple software engineer told ZDNet it was necessary because of some bugs in Apple apps caused by the network extension framework which had replaced the deprecated network kernel extensions. But that's all under the bridge now. Apple has removed the content filter exclusion list in macOS Big Sur 11.2 Beta 2. What is security news today? Security researcher Jonas L warned about a Windows vulnerability earlier this week that could trigger hard drive corruption if your computer unzips a file or accesses a folder with a malicious shortcut inside it. It can also work if you paste the offending code string into a browser address bar. While a reboot should prepare the issue with a check disk, this may not always work so Microsoft is working on a other fix for a future release. Will Dorman at CERT, C-E-R-T says the vulnerability has existed for years and he's reported similar vulnerabilities that just haven't been fixed. All right, let's talk a little bit about rumors coming from all the top Apple predictors and one up-and-comer. Sarah, what do we got? All right, TF International Securities Ming-Chi Kuo says that Apple will release two new M1-based MacBook Pro models, that's the Apple Silicon model, this year with a 14 and 16 inch screen. The first redesign since 2016, the new MacBook Pros would reportedly have a more angular design similar to recent iPad Pros. Kuo also says that the touch bar will be replaced by physical keys, it's going to make some people happy out there, and there will be a wider range of ports, including a MagSafe charging port. Bloomberg's Mark Gurman, who also has great Apple sources, corroborates the predictions and adds that the displays will be brighter with higher contrast. As for iPhones, YouTuber John Prosser, notorious leaker says that Apple is testing chemically strengthened ceramic shield folding glass along with a Samsung OLED folding display panel in its folding iPhone prototypes. Again, we're talking about prototypes or we're talking about rumors, but might be something that Apple is working on. Ming-Chi Kuo also reported that Apple is aggressively testing a vapor chamber cooling system for iPhones and says it may not be ready for 2021 devices, but Apple is working on it nevertheless. And then back to Mark Gurman over at Bloomberg who says that his sources say that Apple will refresh the iMac and introduce a pair of Mac Pros this year. The iMac supposedly will cut down on bezels, remove the chin, move to a more flat back design similar to the Pro Display XDR. The upgradeable Tower Mac Pro would get a refresh and may keep Intel processors because some of the M1s are going to replace the Intel processors overall, reportedly, but an M1-powered Mac Pro would get a new form factor at half the size with the aluminum exterior. And Gurman also says it might make you nostalgic for the G4Cube, kind of the form factor we're talking about here. Apple may also come out with a more consumer targeted external monitor. So, Kuo and Gurman have great records at cultivating sources that give them information that not always, but mostly turns out to be correct. Prosser is more like 5050, but he's had some intriguing correct predictions. He always has the flashier ones, like foldable prototypes. Allison, of all of these predictions, which one do you think catches your attention the most? Well, I got to say it's going to be an expensive year at the Sheridan household. If all of these end up being true, yeah. Yeah, Tom and I have always been upgrade buddies on the MacBook Pros. We've done it in step three years in a row, or three times in a row, I think now. Three generations, yeah. Yeah, I can't wait for the M1-based MacBook Pro higher end models. And to be honest, I've had the 16 inch for a couple of years and it's big and it's heavy. So what I'm wondering is whether the M1-14 inch might end up having enough power since there's so much more powerful already than the 16 inch I have. Maybe we could go down to 14 inches, Tom. What do you think? Oh, no. Oh, no. No?  I want more screen size, not less. I don't care about the weight. You've got your desktop that you're sitting at right now. You've got the big screen. You really want to get the laptop away from here sometimes. And then I miss that. I don't know. I've been rocking the 13 inch form factor with the Pro. Now it's really my MacBook Air, which is my new M1 MacBook Air. But that works for me. But yes, I get it. When you have a certain screen size you want, that's what you want. But it's so heavy. What I am actually excited about, strangely enough, is mostly M1 in all of these models. But the idea of new form factors is really fun to me. It's sort of like when the car companies used to add fins to a car to make up people buy them again as you want people to know you have the new one. But I've got the 2019 and the 2016 MacBook Pro. And supposedly the one is an inch bigger. It's really only about a half an inch bigger. But they look exactly the same. So I grabbed the wrong one and it's running the wrong operating system because I got them on two different OSes. So I would love them just to look different. I think that would be really fun. I love the idea of an upgradeable Mac Pro that was a smaller version, like the Mac Pro Mini. I think that that could be really interesting. But it was the upgradable one that kept the Intel processor in the old form factor. They didn't mention whether the new M1-powered Mac Pro that's smaller would be upgradable. What would make it a Mac Pro then? I mean, it would be like the old Mac Pro. Remember the Trashcan, the first one? They were like, you just plug stuff into it. You don't need to open it up. So isn't it called a Mac Mini then? No, it's the Mac Pro because it's got the higher level specs inside. More of it. We haven't even touched on the idea of a foldable iPhone. Allison, is this something that you would want or is it too crazy? Completely don't want that. But I'm always wrong. So we should keep that in mind. I mean, I'm wrong about what people want. And then I'll turn out to go, oh, it's the coolest thing ever. You're the anti-mingshi quo. You're just usually wrong. Just wrong. Yeah. So well, in predicting what is what we need, I mean, I am always telling people I'm the one who said you never needed a bigger display than the 512K Mac. It was like eight inches on a side. I was like, oh, how could you need anything bigger than that? So I'm very curious about this idea that they would put more ports in there that feels very un-Apple-like. The fact that they'd get rid of the touch bar makes perfect sense to me. MagSafe returning. I don't know how that works if you continue to do USB-C. I don't want them to make the power port not be USB-C. So I don't know, maybe it's an attachment that can come off with the USB-C. That's what I read it as. But all of the USB-C stuff that Apple has, they're kind of all in on that. I love the idea of saying, also, if you want to do a little wireless charging, and they didn't say that. This is, again, just what analysts think might happen. But if it's, we're going the way of wireless in general, the way that the iPhone 12 now has that capability, it's just one more notch toward the future. So when you were thinking MagSafe, you mean set the laptop down on a charger? No, I thought you would.  Okay. I thought we can do that right now with the MagSafe charger. I thought it would. I imagine it being a thing that goes on the end of the USB-C cable.  That part of it sticks in the USB-C port on the computer, part of it sticks on the USB-C cable, and then it can pop apart safely. Companies have been making those for quite a long time, and I've tried a couple of them, and they tend to just pop off too easily. They're real easy to pop off. But Apple figured it out, maybe. Maybe. I don't know. These are all predictions, we don't know. The US Department of Commerce has issued new rules that let the country block purchase of telecommunications tech from China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela's Maduro government, because the US doesn't recognize that as the legitimate government of Venezuela. Those rules would take effect in March. That's a preparatory thing that would require further rules to specify what it exactly means. The president also issued an executive order Wednesday that prohibits the sale and holding of stock with 44 Chinese companies, including Xiaomi. The US Department of Defense added Xiaomi to the list of companies it claims supports China's military, which makes it fall under this executive order. Now, Xiaomi says it's not owned, controlled, or affiliated with the Chinese military and provides its products and services for civilian and commercial use. Xiaomi was not added to the US entity list. That's the one Huawei is on that restricts the export of technology to companies. So this isn't going to stop Xiaomi from selling its products in the United States. What it will stop you from doing is holding Xiaomi stock or selling. If you have Xiaomi stock right now and you're in the US, you would have to sell it by November. This is an executive order that could be overturned. We'll see. But if I make a chip to go into their phone and I'm from the US, can I sell the chip to Xiaomi? You could, you would need a license to do that if they were put on the entity list, but they're not being put on the entity list. So yes, make those chips, Allison. You could sell them away. So back at the beginning, you said they issued new rules. The country will block purchase of telecommunications tech from China. So doesn't that mean that Xiaomi, since they make telecommunications tech, they would be blocked? Xiaomi doesn't make telecommunications tech. So phones aren't telecommunication tech? Yeah. Xiaomi makes handsets, which I know that's a phone, but they're talking about switches and things to build up like you're fighting. Okay. Okay. This is a hard story to follow. Well, and it may change soon. All right. Well, Google confirmed it's conducting experiments to determine the value of its service to Australian news outlets. Australia's government is implementing a law that would require Google and Facebook to pay publishers in order to carry links to new content. Google is blocking new sites from showing up in search results for about 1% of Australian users. The law would force Facebook and Google to negotiate the amount of payments or have an arbitrator decide for them. It's being debated in the Senate. This is hilarious in one respect. It's not funny at all in several other respects, but Google is basically taunting Australia, saying, well, we're just doing a test to see what would happen because we don't want to be forced to pay. The thing to remember about this Australian law is it doesn't give Google or Facebook an option. And it's specifically for Google and Facebook. It's tailored for them. And it says you have to pay if you want to link to news content. And we've provided a framework for you to negotiate what that payment will be and you have to participate. So your only option then would be for you to say we will no longer link to news things. We would just stop doing that business. That's what they did in Spain. They took down Google news, but they still link to news sources in Google search in Spain. In Australia, they're saying we don't care where it is. If you're Google and you're doing it, you have to pay. And so Google's showing, well, this is what is going to happen if we get rid of 1% of the people who find your news articles through our website. Do you really want that? I've always wanted to have this conversation with somebody. It seems to me like there is a middle ground in this one. It used to be that if I did a search, I'd get a whole bunch of links. And I could look and I could see, okay, this one's New York Times. This is whatever. I could see the different sources. But I couldn't read right there on the page everything I needed to know. Now when I go to a Google search, and a perfect example is how to, how do I do something? It'll immediately show me all of the text of the article that says how to do something. So I don't ever follow through to the link and those people lose that link traffic. So isn't there an intermediate way of doing this? Oh yeah. And those have been tried. And what Google has done in those cases is turned off the descriptions and said, oh, okay, if we have to pay for the snippets, like you say, we'll just turn them off. And so then Spain said, now you have to, you can't even if you turn off snippets, yeah, if you're doing Google news, if it's a news majority thing, you have to, and Google's like, great, we just won't provide Google news in Spain anymore. They didn't accept the no snippet option. The governments did not, correct. Okay. They said, well, but that doesn't help because then you're not paying the news companies. And honestly, without the descriptions, fewer people click. The descriptions make you click more. Really? I get for sure. And I go, oh, there's the step by step, how to enable blah, blah, blah in such and such an application. That's not confused the issue. That's how to, and it's a whole separate thing. We're just talking about news stories here. This doesn't apply to every other website. Okay. Yeah. A headline may be, you know, you may be like, yeah, I'm very interested, but often it's the headline plus that little blurb right under the headline where I'm like, ah, yes, I'm actually interested in this. And that's what Google's like, we can get rid of that. You don't want that. We'll get rid of it. But it's not actually getting rid of linking to, right? Which you would think that how to sites with we, the ones up in arms, like you said, Allison, because sometimes you don't even need to click if you see all the steps. Whereas the news publishers where they're like giving you a little bit of the information, which once you have a little bit of the information, generally people have found you're more likely to click because you're like, oh, I want to know more about that story. Whereas if you're just given the headline, sometimes you're like, I don't know what that means and you move on, right? It's the news sites because in my opinion, it's the news sites because news is losing more money. How to sites are making lots of money. So they're less likely to complain about this sort of thing. All right. Well, that'll be fun to watch, right? Oh, yeah, I have them feeling the Senate's not going to buckle. I have a feeling this is going to get ugly. And Facebook and Google are going to stop linking the news in Australia. And Australia is going to try to force them to say, well, you have to carry news now and we'll see how that goes. Folks, if you want to join in the conversation about this or any other topic, head to our Discord. You can join it by linking to a Patreon account at Patreon.com slash DTNS. Well, CES is over. Remote CES for almost all of us. And we talked about, boy, did we talk about a lot of stuff over the last four or so days, but there's always more, always more that comes out of CES. And Allison, you've always been historically so good at drumming up some of the things that you are interested in. Maybe you've seen that other people haven't seen. Has the remote version of CES for you been any different this year? Well, I do want to say that I wish I was in a booth that was maybe six feet across with all of us together. Steve on the floor watching. Well, they're sandwiches. Yeah, you're not the first person to notice that difference. Yeah, that was fun. And now I didn't find a smart lobster trap this year, but I did find a couple of things that was my favorite last year. But I found a couple things that I thought were interesting. One thing I've done is I go to the booth that I think most of the boys don't go to.  So like Mamoru was one of the first ones. So this time I went and talked to a company called Hatch. They have a device called a REST mini and it's a little tiny sound machine. And sound machines are pretty simple, right? They make white noise.  But the idea of their smart sound machines is they allow you to change the volume without going into the kids room where they're sleeping. Now, my first question was, well, why would you change it if the kid was sleeping? And she says, well, what if you're going to vacuum? Maybe you want to turn the sound machine up or you know the trash truck's coming. But they also are going to have a subscription service for kids that will read them a bedtime story. And she was quick to say, you know, after you've read them a bedtime story and they want another bedtime story, it could do that, or it could play soothing music for them and transition between sounds. This company, Hatch, also has something called RESTORE, which is an adult version that helps you improve habits with routines to get you to sleep better. So like you can set it to say, I want a light perfect for reading for 10 minutes. Then I want to go into some meditation and I want to have some white noise after that. And then I want an alarm that will start waking me up as the sun rises. And I thought those products sounded pretty interesting. That's from Hatch.co. Oh yeah, I have served as a human version of this for my niece, where my sister in law was tired of reading stories. So she FaceTimed us and said, now Tito Tom will read you some stories. And so yeah, I think, you know, this is part of the, it may not be an essential for people, but that sounds like a cool thing to help with the negotiations over bedtime. Yeah. And it wasn't expensive. I'm trying to remember, yeah, the Hatch mini that they came out with is $40. So these aren't highly expensive things. So we've all been struggling with trying to get our video and audio working for all the working from home and being on Zoom calls and everything. Shure has come out with another USB mic they call the MV5C. And it's part of the motive line. And what was impressive about it in the very quick live demo that they did for me was the noise rejection. She had it, you know, unplugged it and used a regular mic and then plugged in this, the Shure MV5C. And it was extraordinarily good. The noise rejection was fantastic. Plug and play, condenser mic, $100. I love Shure equipment. I'm using a Shure MV5C for my mic interface right now. And just, you know, simple.  I had a conversation about this just recently with someone who was, you know, trying to start up a podcast and has a mic and it was USB into the computer. And I was like, I mean, I'd tell you to get an amp, but you have other options. But something like this, you know, if it's a USB mic or USB convertible mic, right? Straight into your computer where you don't have to buy a lot of hardware or don't just necessarily want to manage that or learn how that all works and has some great noise rejection. I mean, more than ever now, that is a great product, especially for $100. Yeah. And she wasn't wearing headphones. And it was spectacular. I mean, there was no feedback or anything on it. And it was in, I'm not sure what I think it was a Zoom room. Yeah, it was, it was really, really good. So I've got a ton of home security stuff. I've got alarms on the windows, you know, and I've got, I've got cameras all over the place. But I was really intrigued by a company. Origin Wireless has something called the Hex Home Security Device. And it's basically a device that throws Wi-Fi waves out into the air in your downstairs. And then if people walk through it, they interrupt it. And they describe it as being like, if you've got a, you know, you drop a pebble in a pond and it throws out a wave, well, if something disturbs that, you can measure the disturbance in the wave. And what was great about this was the absolute simplicity. They had the, I think it was called the command module. The command you plug into the wall and it had a little cable on it. And that's the thing spitting out the Wi-Fi. But then you had these little devices you just plugged into an outlet. They were, you know, I don't know, maybe two inches across, little round thing, plug it into an outlet. And you put a couple of those around the, around the downstairs and you can measure whether somebody has come into your house. And they were, they were definitely pointed out, you don't need, if you have a 3,000 square foot house, but 1,500 of it is on the ground floor, you only need something to cover that 1,500. So it was only like, oh, what did I thought I wrote down the price? But it was $180 in spring of 2021. It'll be coming out. But it was just super simple, not a lot of junk and seemed to do an interesting job of detecting people walking around your house when they shouldn't be. Yeah, we talked on Monday about Linksys Aware, which expands to now not just be the Wi-Fi, but also incorporate like, Internet of Things connected devices as well. But if you don't have a Linksys router that can do Linksys Aware, but you still want to add that capability, this is, the hex is a great option for that. 180 bucks starts to be like, well, maybe I should just get a whole new router, but maybe, maybe you have a router you love and you don't want to replace it. So it could be good for that. Yeah, I thought it just looked simple. I liked it. The only other thing I was thinking about, and I haven't dug deep into this yet, but it seems that Apple people, I might be a little bit of an Apple bias here, Apple people tend to talk about the Apple Pro XDR display for $6,000, or they talk about the LG 5K display. And we pretty much turned our nose up at all the other displays. But I went in and talked to ViewSonic, and they've got a ton of USB-C displays that are doing some really interesting things. I mean, they've got 8K displays and I'm going to go talk to them some more about what they've got. And I told them, I said, you guys are pretty much invisible to the Mac community. We never talk about ViewSonic, and you seem to have some really nifty stuff. So let's have a conversation and see what I can learn about them. I mean, Allison's not kidding. She literally turned her nose up at my 38-inch Dell earlier today. Really? A Dell? Yeah, of course. Come on. It's a nice monitor. Dude, I got a Dell. I have some stories about Dell, but okay. Couple of podcast interesting stories worth mentioning here. Podcast media LLC, which is a consortium of NPR, New York Public Radio, Chicago Public Media, and a small investment from BBC Studios America, is considering selling podcast. They just bought them in 2018. NPR spokesperson Isabel Lara told Current.org that the plan of sale of podcast is in early stages of development, but that confirms that it is something they're considering. And then related story, the information and Bloomberg sources both say that Apple is talking to production companies about launching a paid subscription service for podcasts. Some of the sources mentioned charging for individual podcasts. So maybe not a subscription or maybe making them available on an individual basis or also bundling with a subscription. We don't really know. They're probably considering a lot of options. They may not do any of them. In fact, Bloomberg sources say they are looking at increasing funding and marketing for new shows that Apple would put out originally. But some movement in the podcast space on the one hand, selling podcast may indicate that this was not as lucrative as NPR and friends had hoped. On the other hand, it looks like Apple is saying we want to get a slice of that pie, a bigger slice than we have. Yeah. On the Apple side, I mean, the idea of paying all a cart for individual podcast episodes sounds a little crazy, but that's how Apple music started. It's 99 cents. You want a song? You want an album? Well, it's more like $7.99 or whatever the album was. The idea of this from Apple and Apple has really shied away from the whole, oh, we want exclusive podcasts or we're buying media. I mean, it's a different world for Apple now. I mean, Apple TV Plus is a great example. It doesn't have all the hits in the world, but it has a few and people are definitely paying a subscription fee for that type of thing. As far as podcast media, LLC, selling off pocket casts potentially, it sounds like the idea of having an app that was yours was great at the time. But again, if your content is available anywhere that people are, and Pocket Cast is very, very popular podcatcher, then yeah, you might kind of go like, why do we have this? Maybe somebody else can do something else with us. I'm interested in being able to do a subscription service for podcasts because there are people who have made a go of selling their podcast episodes. I work for Don McAllister for Screencast Online, which is a tutorial service, and he had to roll his own in order to do that. But what if there was a way to be part of something where you could get paid for creating your content? Instead of having to roll your own if they could help podcasters do that. I'm still a huge fan of the free model, that's for sure. But I think that could be interesting. I mean, we use Patreon for that, and they provide RSS feeds and everything, but sometimes I look at it and I'm like, gosh, if there was a service that was just for podcasters that could do so many different features that Patreon can't really prioritize because they're trying to serve so many people. So that is interesting to me. I can see daily tech headlines if it were available to anybody in any podcatcher, and that's where I'm like, well, Apple's probably not going to do that. But I could see putting it out as a paid alternative to the ad supported version. I do want to note there was a CMBC story that city analysts wrote a note to clients today that Spotify's bet on podcasting may not be working out. The idea was that bringing exclusive content to the app would strengthen the advertising business, but analysts are saying that the company is not getting the positive inflection. So that and the pocketcast make me think, all right, part of the industry is moving away from it, but Apple's finally getting into it. So I don't know. And those were for a specific, you had to go through their client. That's like the Joe Rogan podcast, right? Yeah. Yeah. But I think that might be part of it. And I could see Apple doing it in a way where maybe you could use other clients. If it's, if it's only for Apple client to ask, then I'm back out. Yeah. Maybe what we're seeing is that exclusivity, not a great thing, although pocketcast wasn't doing exclusive podcasts. So I don't know. All right, let's check out the mailbag. Let's do it. So Tom has an editor's desk at regular one. And the latest was about AWS, Amazon Web Services, dropping parlor as a client. A lot of people have thoughts about it, depending on where your thoughts are. Gabrielle wrote in, and a lot of people wrote in, but Gabrielle wrote in a really lovely feedback. She said, well researched, Tom, well thought out, well presented, adhering to the known reported facts through the filters of sensible interpretation and opinion. Gabrielle says, I didn't see it as too soft or too harsh, but rather thoughtful and respectful examination and explanation of a topic that many people feel very passionate about one way or another. Due to personal beliefs, from a personal perspective, Gabrielle says, I don't agree with all of your assessments. I think you're spot on with this one though. And I'm here to learn and get smarter and keep up with tech news and be entertained. And not just here to have somebody make me feel good about the things that I already think or believe. There's no room for personal growth in that. Just wanted to chime in for the vast majority who really get what you do agree or not and find much value in it, and mostly just silently enjoy the experience. Thank you for having the courage to explore these topics that may result in strong feelings based on listeners beliefs and ideologies. Thank you so much, Gabrielle. You don't know how good that made me feel. And thanks to everybody else who wrote in who said similar things about liking that episode. If you don't know what she's talking about, I did about 25 minutes on AWS and Parler and that decision and how it happened and why it happened and what it means. And anybody can get that. You don't even have to be a patron at patreon.com.dtns. You don't even have to log in. Just go to patreon.com.dtns, find the post, scroll down to the editor's desk, and you can listen to it or download it and listen to it somewhere else. So thank you, Gabrielle. I really appreciate that. Thanks so much, Gabrielle. And thanks to everybody who sends us questions, comments, ideas, feedback. In fact, the email address to send all of that stuff. What's on your mind? Feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. We'd also like to shout out patrons at our master and grand master levels. Today, they include Tim Ashman, Brandon Brooks, and Tim Deputy. Let's check in with Len Peralta, who's been illustrating today's episode. What have you drawn for us this week, Len? Wow, lots to talk about this week.  And I decided to talk about the Apple updates, which I found quite baffling, actually. The next generation iPhone, you know, can have this vapor cooling chamber, possibly floatable glass, all this kind of stuff. And this is an image of what I think that might look like. And I got to say personally, I know a lot of people, I know Allison's a big Apple person. I just want to say, I think we should call it iPass. Because I'm like, I think I'll pass on this one. I don't know. I probably end up with it anyway, because I love Apple. But it seems a little bit overblown. I don't know. What do you guys think? Okay, Len, that is one of my favorite things you've ever drawn. I love the metal, the good metal look to it. The next generation iPhone featuring vapor cooling and foldable glass. Yeah, it's so funny. You know, me personally, I don't know if I'm going to end up getting it, but I probably will end up getting it. This is available right now. If you're a Patreon subscriber, patreon.com forward slash and that's also at my online store at lenneparaldestore.com. And if you're a Patreon subscriber, my Discord, you can actually watch me create this, see hours before the show goes live, you can watch that. So, so check it out, patreon.com forward slash and that. Alison Sheridan, thank you so much for being with us this fine Friday in January. In fact, your first, your first, I guess, post-CES really, technically, a time on DTNS this year. Let folks know where they can keep up with the rest of your work. All right. Well, if you want a completely unbiased viewpoint on tech, you go to podfeet.com. I mean, it's got an ever so slight bias, ever so slight, just a little tiny bias. Hey folks, tomorrow, Saturday, I'm sitting down with Mike Maznick from Tech Dirt and Shoshana Weissman from R Street to talk about Section 230 and what it does and does not say about social networks and what they can and can't do. Look for that in the same feed. You got this episode. We are live Monday through Friday, everybody, 4 30 p.m. Eastern 2130 UTC. If it's not already on your calendar and you can join us, we'd love to have you. You can find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live. We are off Monday for the Martin Luther King holiday in the U.S., but we'll see you back Tuesday with Rob Dunwood. Talk to you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com.


Welcome back everybody to another episode of Anabaptist Perspectives. I'm here today with Ernest Ebe, and we're not related that we know of, but it's good to be here with him. And today we're going to be discussing some of the ministry that he's involved here in the state college area in Pennsylvania. So Ernest, thanks for being with us, good to have you here today. And I would just like to start out building some context for the area that you're in and the ministry that you're involved in. Give us some context for your own experience of ministering to the immigrants and the international scholars that are in this area. How do you have access to those people and where do you interact with those? We live in a college town. Normally there are about 50,000 students and scholars here during the school term. And 9 to 10,000 of these are international students and visiting scholars who are studying here and doing research. Because of this there's many ethnic restaurants and grocery stores that cater to these students. Most of the immigrants in our town are either working at the university, working at these food service places, or living in this area because they have family members here and they're here to support their family or help take care of the children, that kind of thing. International people often find it difficult to penetrate the social circles of Americans. Many times they feel like they don't belong if they show up at an event that is mostly American. Many internationals have told us that they never made any local friends all the while they lived here in our town. So we go to parks and meet people. We look for people who are watching us or people who seem to be relaxing and not in a hurry. And then we go and talk to them. If they're going to watch us, we're going to go and make a conversation. We invite them to our home or our backyard for a meal. We invite them for holiday meals such as Thanksgiving and Christmas. And as we eat, we start making conversation, try to discern if there's any religious interest. If there is, we'll tell them more about what we believe and why we believe that. If there's not religious interest, we just continue to be friending them and we try to work in a bit of Christian knowledge in our conversations as best we can. We also meet internationals at a local church that provides free meals.  We invite these people to our home and to our classes. We've had a few helpers who are rather timid about making conversation with international people. So they might help in the kitchen, helping serve food that helps break the ice and get them used to interacting with international people. We also started a student-run campus organization that allows us to use campus facilities for English classes, Bible studies, cultural events, that kind of thing. We provide various services for international people. We offer conversational English classes and English tutoring. We sometimes help people get a driver's license. We help people get furniture. We sometimes end up having regular counseling sessions with people who are dealing with personal issues or relational issues. We provide social activities.  We take them kayaking and canoeing with us. Then when it comes time for them to move home or onto another city, we try to help them get rid of their stuff and they're often glad to give us what they don't want. So we keep some, donate some to charity, give some things to others in our community who can use them and help people out in that way. Every week we hold a Bible study at our house for immigrants and international scholars. We want to show the love of Christ to every international person we meet, but in all of the activities that we're doing, we're looking for people who are seeking for truth and wanting to study the Bible. You mentioned it being difficult for these immigrants and international people to feel welcome or at home or, as you put it, be able to penetrate the social circles of America. The question I have then is, why do those people come to you? How are you interacting with them? What incentive do these people have to work with a white American who's also a Christian, what they might consider a radical Christian? Why are they coming to you? That's a good question. We've wondered the same thing. The immigrants and international scholars we interact with are often wishing for local friends. So they're wanting friends, but often they're not getting invitations to being in a local home, so because we're the first one to invite them, this is their only opportunity. We don't preach at them. We invite them to Bible studies, but we make it all invitational. We tell them about our beliefs and values, and since we're often the first people in America who befriend them, they're willing to listen more to what we have to say. There's probably a bit of intrigue with our old-fashionedness, head covering, skirts, no TV, all that kind of thing. It definitely blows their stereotype of the average American, and so that probably draws them in. They wonder what kind of a minority group we are. Some talk about the peace and love they feel in our home. Some are intrigued that we do not get involved in politics, do not go to war, and do not support violence of any kind, and this is different from what they believed about Americans based on what they saw in films and movies from Hollywood. After explaining to one man how many deaths result from wars and how much good could be done, if the same amount of investment was put into loving one's enemies, he asked if he could invite his friends to hear my short presentation. He thought this was just mind-blowing, life-changing, very different from anything he'd ever heard. You've been interacting with the people, the immigrants in this local community for a number of years now, and as you already alluded to, most of these are part of the college in some way, and so these are very intellectual, intelligent people. Have you seen a pattern or what pattern have you seen in how these people respond to what you're offering and as you share with them about your life? Is there a pattern that emerges in these intelligent individuals that are going to college here? Yes, so intellectuals need lots of time to consider what they learn about our beliefs and values. Many are looking for a rational argument for Christianity, and our view of Christianity seems rather irrational. Intellectuals are often interested in learning more and have very good questions about the meaning of life, the purpose of life, the solution to human problems, and so forth. One lady we studied the Bible with this past winter, dressed very finely, and she had a rather attractive personality, but we soon discovered that she was suicidal. She was highly educated and very intellectual, but she couldn't make sense of her existence here on this earth. She saw herself as evil and not worth people investing in her. Looking at her, a person would never have guessed that she was miserable on the inside, but there are many people like this. We don't place a premium on post-secondary education, which is puzzling to many internationals, yet we appear to be semi-educated people, and this has them baffled sometimes. Many intellectuals see education as the answer to the world's problems, so they are a little alarmed when they see us not reaching for all the degrees and esteem that they are looking for. One professor who respects me quite highly offered to do whatever it takes to get our girls into the most prestigious universities in his country. So I'm not opposed to higher education, but I don't view it in the same light that he does. Without a Christian worldview, our values are just really different. Overall, I would say that most intellectuals are looking for something that can be proven to be true. They are not particularly worried that the God of the Bible may not treat them right, like many hardened atheists or apostate Christians would be, but they are just not sure if the God of the Bible is a real being, and they're not sure if Christianity is the true religion, or the only true religion, or if it's simply one religion among others. These people really aren't necessarily skeptical or aren't opposed to God, this God that we believe in, but they're really just trying to validate in their own minds and determine whether or not this person exists and have some proof for that. Some people have said that international students are uniquely open to the Gospel. Have you found this to be true in the people you've worked with? Yes, we have. We have found a lot more interest among international people than we do among the average American. There are probably several reasons for this. Many Americans are quite independent and are very opinionated, and many Americans have been inoculated against Christianity because of maybe God and country concepts or other things that have turned them off of Christianity. But there are many people from Asia who have grown up with no religion at all. Many of these people have a religion void. They are like an empty sponge and will listen to anyone tell them anything. The first person to present a religion to them is probably going to have a lot of influence on them. Then there are people from Muslim countries who have big questions about their religion. So in a general sense, I would say international students and scholars are more open-minded and perhaps they are the less loyal ones of their culture to take on the beliefs of their home culture. Can you give us a few more examples or glimpses into the type of interaction that you have or the type of people that have been more open to the Gospel and you being maybe one of the first people to share any sort of religious belief with them? Yes. The first international person we interacted with closely was actually a believer. That gave us a chance to get initiated with someone like that before we went right into unbelievers. The first person we met was a veterinarian researcher from a country that does not allow freedom of religion. This man believed in Jesus but he did not know much about the Bible. He needs to keep his faith mostly to himself or he will lose his job and be persecuted. He grew up in a poor family on a two-acre farm and they had some pigs on this farm and the pigs kept dying. So he wanted to go to school to learn about developing vaccines that would help keep these pigs from dying and his neighbor's pigs from dying. Well then the government built a road right through their property and only paid his parents a very small amount of money so they lost their small farm. But the son continued on with his research and this included some research work he was doing at Penn State University. While he was here he attended with us and we still have contact back and forth with him and enjoy that. And then there was the family we met at the park. The parents were raised in an atheistic culture and they were not interested in religion or Bible study but they were interested in being friends with us and our family. And we were fine with that. The Holy Spirit isn't limited just to those who have religious interests. Well one day this family invited us to their house and this was kind of a big deal for them to invite this American family to their house and everything was going fine until they're five year old through a temper tantrum and started hitting his dad and clawing at him and this lasted maybe five minutes or so. And these parents were just horrified and humiliated in front of their American guests as we can understand. Once they got the boy quieted down and playing with our girls the mom asked can you help us. We need to learn how to train children like the American women do. They must not have known that many American five year olds act the same way but we didn't inform them of that. So for the next hour we had the opportunity to talk about the need to control our spirit when relating to our children. How we need the help of God to be the people that we should be. And by the end of our conversation this lady was writing down verses from the Bible about controlling her spirit and loving her son and she was posting these on her fridge to remind her of the person she ought to be. And so just a little interaction like that was an open door for sharing from the scriptures. And we've found that many people are open to child training. Love child training courses and help in that area. Then there was a literature professor from halfway around the world who was reading the Bible for the very first time. She read the Bible on a mobile app on her phone while waiting at bus stops for the next bus. She had a lot of questions about what she was reading and didn't know any Christians she could talk to about her questions. So most times when I see somebody on their phone I'm assuming that they're listening to music or something like that but this has opened my eyes to the fact that there might be somebody on their phone reading the Bible through for the very first time. In her country Christianity was greatly suppressed so she could not openly ask people about where to find Christians. Then she had the chance to study abroad and she chose to study here at Penn State University. So six months ahead of her planned stay in state college she began looking for an apartment online. And as she was searching for an apartment she stumbled across an expired invitation to one of our picnics from the year before. This invitation had been posted by a friend of ours. This friend had attended a church in his home country and felt a peace in his heart when he entered the church building. But having no Bible knowledge at all he could not understand what was being talked about. Then the church building burnt down and he did not know how to make contact with someone about studying the Bible. But then God opened the door for him miraculously to come to the United States. He'd only been in the US for a few weeks whenever a young Anabaptist man met him and it introduced him to the God of the Bible. This Anabaptist man lived about a hundred miles from state college and he had some other young people were in our city passing out Christian literature and talking to people about the Lord. And the young Anabaptist man told him about God and gave him an invitation to one of our Bible studies. So the international man began attending our Bible studies the very next day and wrote home to his wife about the opportunity he had to study the Bible. She not knowing about his interest in Bible study had begun reading the Bible on her own. So they were quite overjoyed to learn about each other's interest in the Bible. And in their culture even husbands and wives don't talk to each other about their religious beliefs because you're not supposed to have any. The international man began bringing his friends to the Bible study as well. Later he helped us organize our first picnic for internationals and he posted the invitation on an online forum where people from his country could read it. He never bothered to take the invitation down. And so it was still online for this literature professor to read the following year when she goes looking for an apartment. Our invitation said nothing about apartments or lodging but as this lady glanced down over this expired invitation she noticed that we gave a Bible presentation at our picnic and she saw my email address on the invitation and copied it down. Six months later I got an email from a stranger who wrote, I'm a visiting scholar at Penn State. I got your email address from this international website. And I just arrived this month and I'm interested in discussing with you about what I have read so far concerning the Old Testament. Best wishes. We discovered that she read the first four books of the Bible and was halfway through Deuteronomy. As you can imagine if you were reading the Bible for the first time you would have a lot of questions by the time you reached Deuteronomy as well. So we invited her to our house and she brought her list of questions. And then every Sunday after that she would come to our house, ask her questions and then she would go along to church with us. She received much more than she had ever hoped for. There were people to answer her questions. She experienced the gospel being incarnated through God's people and she was able to learn some beautiful Christian songs. She was one of the many people who have left our town in tears as they headed back to their home country. This happened about three years ago and we still have regular contact with her. She emails us with questions like these. Would you show me the descriptions about God's will in the Bible? Are the Ten Commandments the original description? How can science help us learn about God? And we have the opportunity then to answer those questions and guide her toward the person who created her. There's some pretty incredible stories and accounts of how God has led you who's willing to work with those people and brought people who are interested in seeking his face, brought those two together and that's really a powerful testimony of God's work when we're willing to be available. And I guess one of the questions I have now is as other people who may live in a place with international students or immigrants, what are some pointers or practical tips that you would give to them to begin interacting with international people? What can they expect? What are some of maybe the road bumps that they may face as they seek to start interacting with people in their local community who may be internationals? If someone is not interacted with many international people they may be in for a surprise. Cultures around the world are really, really different. If you invite people to your house for a meal they may show up a half hour late or longer yet. They may never show up at all. They may never have past dishes around the table before. Some people feel very uncomfortable in such situations and never pursue further interaction with other international people because it's so uncomfortable. Others keep pressing on and adjust their normal ways of doing things and accommodate people of other cultures. They may need to make food that they can sit on the stove for a half an hour or an hour and learn to adjust in that way. I generally have a simple audible prayer before we eat and for many people this is very unfamiliar. It can be hard to get people together at one place if you're outside to have a prayer because they don't even think about we all need to gather for prayer. People are not used to gathering as families you know and praying before they eat. So for having a picnic we gather as many people as we can together and then I try to word the prayer in a way that someone who never prayed in their life can understand what is being said. If we're sitting down at a table I explain that we have a practice of praying before we eat. We bow our heads to pray that's up to them to do what they want to do while we pray before the meal. There are many cultural things we have learned. Here's another one. In some cultures if you extend people and invitation they feel obligated to accept the invitation. Here's what happened to us. We were relating to people from a certain country and we're wanting to learn more about how to relate to these people and how to present the gospel to them. So I invited a Christian young man from that country to come to our house, visit with us and give us some pointers. I also wanted him to share his testimony with our local international friends. Well he lived about seven or eight hours away but he agreed to come and we had a good time. At one point we began asking him questions about communication nuances in his culture and he was explaining how that in his culture if a person receives an invitation to someone's house and there are no options to decline the person is expected to accept this invitation. He was explaining that when you give an invitation you need to say if it suits you or if you want to come if it's something that's optional. Well suddenly I suspected that my invitation to this young man did not include a way to decline. So I asked him about this and sure enough I did not give him a way out and he felt obligated to drive the seven or eight hours to come to our house even though he was busy and didn't have money to do it. All I would have needed to have said was if it suits you or if you would like to visit us and he would have felt free to decline the invitation. So we helped him fund his trip. There was no problem with that. He was glad to visit us and he was not telling us about his culture with us in mind. We were asking him questions and we just stumbled into this. So be prepared to stumble into all sorts of cultural misunderstandings. Also be proactive in learning as much as you can about the cultures that you're interacting with. You also need lots of patience when working with people for whom English is a second language. It will take five to ten times as long to have a conversation depending on how fluent they are in English. You often need to repeat back to them in good English what you're hearing them say to you. It may take multiple attempts to understand including spelling words audibly, writing words on paper, drawing pictures, looking up a word in a dictionary or using some translation app just to be able to communicate. We have brought international people to church for services. My wife and I will sometimes type what is being said on a computer screen showing both English and their own language using something like Google Translate and that way they can get something out of the service more than what they would otherwise. After the service a few people smile at them and a few were brave enough to venture into conversation but for most English speaking people communicating with folks who don't know good English is too frustrating and too difficult to be worth the effort. It's easier to visit with friends and acquaintances so consequently many international people do not enjoy attending English church. They much prefer small group Bible studies where they can practice their English, where the leaders of the Bible study have the patience of Job and they can take all the time they need. And patience is needed in all cross cultural relationships even if the person can speak English well. Effective international ministry needs cultivation just like anything else. You want to become a good teacher, you need to practice teaching, you want to be a good carpenter, you need to spend lots of time working with wood and tools and the same thing is true for international ministry. For me the first year or two were probably the most challenging and now I can interact with internationals much more comfortably than what I did five years ago. At the beginning I mentioned some of the ways we find internationals to interact with. I'd like to talk about our picnics since that has been a very successful way of making contact with seekers. The last several years we have hosted picnics at our house and our small hobby farm. We make up a flyer announcing an activity for families and students. We mentioned a farm tour and the opportunity to feed and pet the animals. We planned some games and announcements. We mentioned that there will be a presentation about the Bible at some point during the event. By explaining this in our invitation nobody feels like we pulled the wool over their eyes. And our international friends are glad to help us advertise the event on their social media groups and so forth. We ask people to register for the event. We have had anywhere from 25 to 75 people showed up for these picnics. And I always have a table where people can sign up for English classes and Bible studies and future events. I also have a table of Bibles and other Christian literature for people to take for free. So after I'm finished giving an overview presentation of the Bible, then I go over and stand by the tables and talk with people who have further interest in spiritual things. Many of the people who come to our picnics we never meet again. But they were introduced to the Bible and the Holy Spirit can use other means to water that seed after it's planted. Often though there are a few people who become friends as a result of these picnics and some of these began attending our Bible studies. If you're interested in helping people learn English, it is not really that hard. All you need to do is put up a poster in an international grocery store or a restaurant, someplace like that, with an invitation to tutor people who want to learn better English. You can also volunteer with local organizations that match internationals with native English speakers. Sometimes these organizations refer to it as conversation partners. Then you can get a Oxford picture dictionary, a bilingual one that shows pictures and has the word for that picture printed in both languages. You can help people pronounce the words and work on their enunciation. So it's not really that hard to teach basic English if you have a heart for international people. To bring this to a conclusion I would like to read a few verses from the Apostle Paul's address to the folks in Athens, Greece. He says, God who made the world and everything in it, since he is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands, nor is he worshipped with men's hands as though he needed anything, since he gives to all life, breath, and all things. And he is made from one blood, every nation of men, to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their pre-appointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings so that they should seek the Lord in the hope that they might grope for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us. Before the world was created, God had appointed that the international people living close to you would be placed there so that they would seek the Lord and find him. Now, not all people realize that they're looking for God, but these verses in Acts seem to indicate that all people are groping for God whether they realize it or not. This is the message that we as God's ambassadors should be communicating to people who are living right here in our country. Well, thank you, Ernest, for sharing those thoughts and, again, many practical pointers for interacting with internationals that may be in our local communities. And thank you for sharing a number of your experiences and potentially awkward situations that you've been a part of in getting to where you are today and, like any skill, it sounds like it requires practice, requires just diligence and perseverance. And thank you for encouraging us to implement that in whatever way we can in our lives.


Thank you for choosing this talk. My name is Satoshi Nagayasu from Japan, and I'm from Apprentices, and also the Japanese Postgres users group. This talk is on Postgres 9.4 and beyond. Postgres is one of the largest and complex software, so I would like to provide some quick overview about Postgres 9.4 and latest development process. Also, this slide is supposed to be uploaded on Slideshare, so if you're interested in, please keep my email account. My name is Satoshi Nagayasu. I'm a database consultant here, also working as a DBA on Data Steward in Japan. I started traveling Asia last year. I visited Hong Kong and Shenzhen in Beijing, of course, Singapore in the last one year. So I'm still continuing to look for some opportunities to visit other countries. My company is Apprentices. I'm a top founder. We are providing consulting services on database and platform technologies, which means some kind of integrating cloud and open source technology or something like that. In Postgres work, I used to work for PGSAP index. I can inspect or slow down. These tools are designed to help DBA to understand Postgres internals and how it works. Also, I used to work for Postgres Forest on Postgres 8c. These are kind of cluster technology for Postgres. Of course, I'm one of the Japanese deals group. Here is what I'm doing on Postgres. I'm working on Postgres 2c recently. This is a brand new Postgres TV tool, but it's still under development. So if you're interested in staying on Apprentices, go Pt. Pt means Postgres 2c. So you can find some subscription form to stay informed. Also, I'm working on Postgres add-on for Kinemos. I guess many of you have not heard about Kinemos, but Kinemos is one of the open source system management software in Japan. It allows us to do some monitoring about job management. So if you're interested in Kinemos, please do it. This is a screenshot from Postgres. I'm working on creating some solutions to help DBA to understand Postgres and internal work. Also, I started hacking hardware recently. I like the Raspberry Pi 2 diesel. Diesel is a PGA board. What you guys have heard about FPGA? Oh, wait. FPGA is programmable chips. So we can design and build their own circuit within chips. So I'm very interested in this. Also, I'm working on DBA. So I'm combining DBA and Raspberry Pi to build some IoT system. Just for fun. First of all, I have an instance to Manus Haranda, a quadruple member of Postgres Development Team on Mac, Nicaragua, Haki, French, Nero, Japan. Toshihara and Noryu Shishio are Japanese Postgres users, advanced Postgres users. This presentation is based on the built top of these materials or the elements or blocks. So I have many instances in there. This is Toshihara Haranda. We started at 9.4 over here. I will explain the noise in FPGA analytics for the reputation and organization infrastructure beyond 9.4. Okay. It's 9.4 here. 9.4 is the latest major release of Postgres. The first official release was in December. The latest stable release. Stable release means some bug-fixed version. Now 9.4.1 was released on February. So if you are interested in 9.4, then let's try 9.4.1. There are some statistics in 9.4 compared to 9.3.5. 9.3 is previous major release of Postgres. Over 3,000 files changed and 62,000 insertions, 15,000 deletions. So there are many, many huge changes in Postgres nowadays. There is not all Postgres. You can find any changes in Postgres on the release mode. So if you are interested in some changes in this presentation, you can find details on the release mode. There are many, many kind of changes in Postgres in 9.4. So we need to do some categories for enhancement. There are several kinds of enhancement, but I prefer these categories. No scale, analytics, replication, administration, and base infrastructure. No scale. Everyone uses JSON nowadays. So Postgres supports JSON. There are some comparisons between JSON and JSONB. JSON is a data type in 9.3, and JSONB is available from 9.4. So there are some differences between JSON and JSONB. JSONB stands for binary JSON, different from JSON. JSON is a text representation in a Postgres storage system. So binary JSON, JSONB is faster for searching. With JSONB, there are some differences compared to JSON originalization. There are no duplicate keys as last keys always win. Key order results, JSONB can take advantage of GIMP index. I will show later. GIMP index, JSONB can be used with BigQuery. JSONB can be used with GIMP index. GIMP index allows us to reduce index size, as you can see. So if you use JSONB with GIMP index, reduce IO Post or reduce extra IO Post. So if you're interested in using JSON in Postgres, please try JSONB on GIMP. Any question? On the top it says JSON plus B3, but on the graph it says JSONB plus B3. Ah, sorry. This is JSON, JSON plus B3. This is JSONB plus GIMP. Thank you. Next thing is analytics. Postgres has very large type, many, many aggregation function. So in 9.4, filter can be used with aggregation function. So filter replace case when statement in SQL statement. So now we can write an analytics query. More analytics queries is a way. Also there are many, many aggregation function newly introduced in 9.4. So if you are interested in analytics or big data project, with open source, Postgres is good to start. And also many, many other example aggregation function. What are you saying aggregates? Post-common value in the subset. If you don't have this function, you need to write this long SQL statement. But if you have more function, we can write in one line, single line. Also we have run function in 9.4. So it is similar to previous function. Other good feature in 9.4 is materialized view. Especially the component. Refresh materialized view component is introduced in 9.4. So which allows us to refresh materialized view concurrently, which means in background, without exclusive lock. So which includes usability and availability of materialized view. Next topic is replication and beyond. So it means logical decoding. Logical means the local representation for replication stream, which means we can reproduce in certain update or delete operations from replication stream, which is binary stream from replication master to replication slave. So which is, it is like binary log in my scale, right? So I think so. So it can be replaced on, replaced on different version and different platform. So it is very useful for extending replication system or backup system. PgReceiveLoad.com shows how it works. I will show it later. Therefore, replication can be more flexible in terms of BDR, bidirectional replication. What's on me? This is really, really flawed. This is a replication software, which has long, long history. And continuous startup as well. So I'm very interested in this Logical Decoding feature. This is example of PgReceiveLoad.com. So this example shows there are four insert statements from in replication stream from master node. And also we have a five-day statement from replication master. So we can use this statement to recreate other nodes or other servers. Next one is administration auto-assistence. In 9.4, we can now change system configuration or postage configuration without editing configuration file with Emacs or VDI. We can now change configuration using the scale command auto-assistence system set or reset. So now we can use this to... This feature is built for DBA or administration term. Next one is infrastructure for finalization. In 9.3, background worker must start at postmaster startup. Background worker means some sub-process or post-res to do something in background. But in 9.3, those background workers must start at postmaster startup, which means post-gres service startup. After 9.4, they can be launched on demand basis. So if you need some background process, you can launch as you like, as you need. From parallelization point of view, it allows to launch multiple background processes to execute child queries in parallel. So this is one of the fundamental features toward parallel queries. Next one is dynamic shared memory. The shared memory can be now allocated on demand basis as well. From parallelization point of view, it allows to share data and communicate with several background processes. Combining a dynamic background process and a dynamic shared memory into post-gres, we will be able to have some parallel queries features in the near future. This is my tiny favorite, a PLBJ-scale sub-trace. Nowadays, many developers don't like writing procedures. This is my third function, but I like writing PLBJ-scale because this is a good way to run logic behind database or inside database without communication costs or network costs. So I often write PLBJ-scale function and PLBJ-scale sub-trace help me to debug PLBJ-scale functions. So if you are interested in writing those functions, please try it. So in 9.4, there are many other enhancements. So if you are interested in please try SAP, 9.4 is already a stable version. So you can try it. Next is beyond 9.4. One of the items I like in 9.5 is green index. Green is stand for block range index, which is called summary data instead of raw data. So each bit reduce index size tremendously and also reduce creation and maintenance costs. As you can see, index creation time is 10 times faster than deep index. And also index size is getting smaller. You can see how it size, but very small. But it needs extra top of edge to get the next, the exact record. So selecting record have some extra cost. In this example, we have executed in 4 million seconds, 4 million check, but green has 16. So this is new index size in Postgres. If you have large amount of data or large volume of table, you can take advantage of this index. I looked at the commitFest page. CommitFest is a process to review fix, to review fix and commit the submitted patches in Postgres community. So there are many, many kind of patches. I like those items in the near future. There are priority check patch is submitted, insert on conflict, update, ignore statement also submitted. This is also known as maybe absurd, absurd statement. So we can use this to do similar operation. And also there is fine level incremental backup. So we have very, very big huge volume of data nowadays. So if this patch is applied in near future, hopefully 9.5 we can make from it. But these both items are in progress, so we cannot guarantee this is coming with 9.5. But very, very interesting feature is submitted in Postgres community. So it's safe to say Postgres is one of the most new local friendly RDBMS in the world. I don't say the most, but one of the most RDBMS in the world. And as I explained, analytics features and performance are getting improved. So if you are interested in analytics project or business project with open source, Postgres is good tool to start with. In Postgres developer community, people are focusing on parallel queries or parallel processing. So things are going to parallel. We will be able to get some parallel queries in the near future, maybe 9.6 or 7. So keep looking, Postgres, try it. If you are interested in, please try some Git code or latest development code and submit the patch. Yes, there are resources to catch up with Postgres latest information. Of course, Postgres form is the official website for Postgres community. And also client Postgres is global in the Postgres world. So if you are interested in Postgres latest information, you can catch up with here. And PgCon is the annual Postgres conference in Ottawa in Canada. So if you are interested in Postgres community, it's good opportunity to go. So that's all. Any questions about Postgres? Any updates in the various languages? PL languages, PL, Perl, PL, Python, PL, all of those. Any updates to the changes that we talked about? Updates in PL languages? Yes. Well, once we are in the PL languages... PL, Perl is part of PgCon, isn't it? PL, Perl, yes? Those languages work like an extension. In fact, PgPL is also an extension. I agree. It just comes... Oh, okay. So... Sorry, I don't... So if you are interested in, please check the release notes. Please send tweets. Thank you. Yeah. Honestly, Postgres is a very, very big project. So covering all of them is very difficult for one person. So it's a really good reason to share something with community. Sorry, I'm not from the database space, but I have a question regarding Postgres and the comparison of it with Oracle. The application between Postgres and Oracle, how do you see in the coming next year or the coming five years, how do you see competition between Oracle databases and Postgres? Well, yeah, it's interesting, but compared to Oracle, well, I think many business people or enterprise people are interested in comparing Postgres and Oracle. But I think the basic feature is very similar between Postgres and Oracle. But Oracle has many good life ecosystems, including educating engineers, start-up-arty tools, or something like that. So it's preferable for Postgres. So using Postgres is good for well-known experienced developer or experienced Postgres users. It's good enough, but many enterprise want more education, service, or start-up-arty tools, or partitioning, or power queries, or maybe certification, hardware certification or something like that. A bit different word, I think, but Postgres is getting better and better I think not only Postgres, open source product is getting better and better. So open source product can compete with proprietary in the future or soon. Can I just add one thing? I don't think Oracle has support for the streaming API, which Postgres has, for large companies. That's one of the biggest differences I have also. I could be wrong, maybe Oracle has it now, but from the previous, I think that was one of the biggest differences that I used. One point different from Oracle is Postgres is focusing on developer friendly. So supporting JSON, or KeyVary Store, or PL languages.  I think. I'll just add one thing in general about any enterprise software, like proprietary software and an open source project. If I'm a developer who is writing a code for an open source project, I'm going to write something which is bloody good. Even if I'm writing a code to do 2 plus 2 or 5 plus 5, I would write something which is bloody good because thousands of people are going to read that code. And if I have a flaw in that code, it is going to be exposed. So I want it to do good. Whereas if I'm writing a code for an enterprise software, I'm just writing code to meet some deadlines. And here I'm writing out of my interest. I want it to be bloody good to run in the best possible way. So that's a huge difference. It's actually okay. Yeah, we'll just replace it actually. Can you replace it stored with JSONB? I think the new data type in Postgres is a kind of trade-off thing. So JSONB is faster for searching, but if we update JSON, the JSON is faster for update. So I think it's stored as well. So there are many, many kind of trade-off between technologies. So choosing the right data type or right technology is very important for development. Providing those information is very important for Postgres community. So I think all technologies will last. Okay, thank you.


Yeah, you definitely got all the punches so right now. I feel like people in hip-hop are kind of trying to say like Pretty privilege is a thing. Do you think that's real or you think that's a myth? Um, okay.  They just saying whatever sometimes guys just be geeked or whatever I don't know. Yeah, but then it's like you might think that you got something going on and then you outside to the real world and it's like No, go back to the drawboard You know I'm saying so it's like I feel like it's a gift in the curse because some you really need like structures still honesty you need like To work for it still you understand and then I'd be feeling like sometimes a lot of people don't want to accept because they Automatically think like girl you only hear sometimes. I'd be feeling that way girl You only hear cuz you are cute or this or whatever and they'd be like no I really be having to go to studio till four or five in the morning and we really work Just like everybody else so I definitely think it's a gift in a curse Hey guys, it's Enrique from talk of the town. Thanks for watching. Be sure to subscribe to our YouTube to see more


Much of the calcite and aragonite transported to the seafloor is delivered by particles known as marine snow. Marine snow is aggregates, compounds of calcite and aragonite that are held together by mucus secreted by phytoplankton and bacteria. In addition to marine snow, calcite and aragonite particles are also transported by fecal pellets that are excreted by zooplankton. Thank you for watching.


High entropy alloys are a departure from conventional alloy design. In this review, the authors examine how combinations of heterogeneity specific to high entropy alloys can overcome the strength-ductility trade-off inherent to traditional alloys. This article was authored by Evan Ma and Salah Wu.


I think the next president should work in a fast-food restaurant for a day. So many more new jobs, an ongoing job, service jobs. So many of these service jobs are not filled by teenagers, but they're filled by 20-something, 30-something, regular working people. Finding a way to make sure these service jobs aren't, if not good jobs, at least well compensated jobs and actually working one and seeing what a dragon is, is very important. It's housing costs. In our most productive cities here in D.C., San Francisco, New York, housing costs are just incredibly high. And it's not so bad for the wealthy, but it's detrimental for middle-class people. It creates a barrier for working people who want to live in cities and be next to this productive capacity. And it's a bottleneck on younger people who want to move to productive cities to do more and to advance their own careers. The United States needs a stronger labor movement. It needs something to organize workers as workers just for the sake of that. It needs a political counterbalance to corporations and to large formations of capital. I think a lot of our problems right now are directly traced back to the time of unions. So with that in mind, I think the next president should have a portrait of the A-field Randolph in the White House. Randolph is a hero of the labor movement, someone who has organized countless African-American workers. And specifically because he helped organize African-American workers, that one of the great weaknesses of the labor movement in the 20th century was the racial divide. And I think going forward, a multiracial labor movement is for the absolute necessary to building a country more hospitable to middle-class people. And Randolph, I think, was a pioneer of the kind of labor movement that we need.