So I think there's a number of leadership models. Some are based on competency, which assumes that you start at a low level of competency and your competency increases as you gain skills and mentors and time goes on. There are also models that are more collective, which deal with basically sharing the power or distributing the power, quote, unquote, of leadership. And then there are collaborative models which really focus more on across institutions and cross-disciplines. And I think lately the one that is gaining the most favor revolves around design thinking, similar to what David Kelly and the IDEO folks do about sharing the empathy and transparency with your team, understanding what your team values and building those values into how you lead your organization, which allows you to fully empower your team. And that would be my favorite one. It's also the one that takes a little longer than some of the others to develop.


Oh, this is it. This is the end! The end of collecting as we know it. It's over. What's up guys? I'm back with another video. Today we're talking about the PSA price increases. I got a few requests. Please talk about the PSA price increases. Tell us what you think. How can we submit cards now? It's impossible! Don't panic. PSA has recently doubled the prices of their submissions. So everything, I think every single service level, it just doubled. So if you're paying 75 for Express, it's now 150. Paying 10 for Bulk, it's now 20. They completely eliminated the economy, which nobody was using anyway. I feel like then they doubled the regular. So now it's 100. That one used to be 20. Now it's $100. So what do I think about it? This was expected. Beckett recently raised their prices a ton. They doubled as well. So I knew if Beckett's that much higher, PSA is gonna follow suit. There's no reason for them to charge like a third of the price of Beckett. This just doesn't make any sense. So they of course raised their prices because there's just insane demand right now. Everyone is grading. Everyone wants to get graded cards. Everyone's expecting them to turn them around in a week, even though they have thousands, millions of cards. But there's a couple of negatives and positives to go with this. So the negatives are obviously we now have to pay more to grade our card. So that kind of stinks. Also lower value cards are not really worth it as much. Cards that you grade that were like 10 bucks, you know, maybe 15 bucks, they could become 50 bucks or something like that. Now not so much worth it. If they're 10 bucks, you have to pay 20 bucks. That's $30. If you're 50, you can get from selling it. Then there's all the fees you make like a few bucks.  It's just not really as worth it for those anymore. So that's kind of the negatives you have to pay more. Obviously, that's the one everyone's upset about.  That won't happen. So if you're worried about that, don't worry about it. It's not going to happen. If you locked in at the old rate, you're good. Even if it comes back in like a year and they've doubled them again, you're still going to get this rate. So you're fine. So don't worry about that. There's several positives that come from this change as well because now because the prices are higher, there are going to be less emissions, which is awesome because right now there are so many submissions, everyone is submitting everything. They pull like a common card from the newest set. They're going to grade it. That's basically what's happening right now. So this is going to be great because it's going to deter people from doing that. They're like, do I really want to spend $20 on that common card? Maybe I won't do it anymore. It was okay at 10, but 20 is a little bit too much. So it's going to deter that. That creates faster turnaround time. So we are not going to have to wait quite as long for everything. They've also upgraded their system. So now you can see the last date that was submitted that has been graded or whatever. So like you can see like through like July 4th, everything's been graded that they had been. So you can kind of see how far away you are from your submission being graded. I also noticed that the quarterly specials are actually behind the bulk, even though the quarterly specials were only 45 day turnarounds. So those are actually taking longer. I have one submission in there. So it's been there for a while, probably not coming back for a long time because they were in June and I sent it in October. So it's not going to be, you know, months, probably. They also had something. It was like, if you send Super Express, there was like a display or something. It seems like there's a cool like little thing if you send it in at $300. That's how much it costs for Super Express, which is insane. But if you have a huge card, and you have to send it Super Express, that would be cool to get it back. So that's pretty cool as well. Also, if you're super worried about not being able to sub anymore, you can't afford it, you know, $20, $75, or I guess it's $150 now. Yeah, whatever it is. Don't worry about that because this is the thing I've always loved about PSA submissions. You could send your cards in, they could sit there for 10 years. They won't charge you until they're done grading. So I used to be super worried about how much money I had to spend on my subs. So like if it was like a $200 sub, I'd be like, wow, this is way too much because back then that was like a ton for me. It's like a couple years ago. I was like, I don't know if I can spend $200. But I was like, wait, they're not going to charge me until it's done. I found this out. And that means if I really need to, I can sell some of the cards that I graded. So if it worse comes to worse and I have to get the $200, I can sell the cards I graded. And there's almost no way they don't make $200 because that usually increases the value of your cards by quite a bit. So if you are worried about the mean too expensive, if you submit quality cards, there's not really anything you got to worry about other than if you really don't want to sell all your cards. Like if you're, if they're all collectors cards, you really don't want to sell them and you got to eat the costs of every single one, then maybe you got, you got to worry about it. But if you have a few cards you can sell in there, they're not going to charge you till it's done. Then when it's done, you go ahead and sell those cards and help you pay for the grading fees. It's not too bad. So it's a really nice thing about PSA that I really appreciate rather than them charging you and then making you wait after charging you. It's just brutal. And if you guys are worried about that, you know, that's something that you can take into account. It's not too bad. So overall, I think the PSA changes are expected. They are, it is a lot to submit now, but it's really not that bad for the value that they give you. They give you a ton of value. They grade your card. If it's a quality card, a nine or a 10, the value goes up. You are paying them to give you more money, basically. So if you have a card and it's a raw card, it's $1,000, you graded a 10. Now it's $5,000 and it cost you $300 to grader to two or 150. I mean, what's the complaint about there? It's like, if you didn't send it to them, it's a $1,000 card and said it's a $5,000 card. So I never understand the complaining behind upchargers and all that stuff. It's like, yeah, that's the value of your card. It should be charged at that rate. So that's my opinion. A lot of people are very upset when it comes to that. They're like, you shouldn't charge that. You shouldn't know the values. It's like, well, that's kind of their job in my opinion. Overall, that's what I, that's how I feel about PSA. Do not panic. They're not going to upcharge you if it was early and do not panic. If you think this is the end of grading, it's definitely not, but they will definitely slow it down, which is a good thing. I think for everyone, we don't need people sending in 5 million cards, even though I sometimes do send in a lot. And for those grading services and stuff, I'm sure they will update their prices soon, so you guys can see how you send them in like Graded Gym and Lidkins and all that stuff. And people will be back to grading normally. I figure that after about a week of panic, people will just start sending stuff back in, but that's my opinion on the PSA stuff. But that's it for this video. Hope you guys enjoyed it. I'll see you guys later. Peace.


Oxford Bibliographies is a great resource to start your research since it provides scholarly sources that are recommended by experts. Because the sources that it recommends are organized thematically within a subject area, with brief introductions summarizing the topics and subtopics, you can quickly dive into the major issues related to a topic and find sources from which you can start planning your search strategy and develop your thesis and major arguments. To access Oxford Bibliographies, use the link which is embedded in this video and also listed in the description below. The sources you will find in Oxford Bibliographies are usually hyperlinked to digital versions that you can use online or to the records for print resources held in the University of Toronto library system. So accessing the resources is usually pretty easy. The entries in Oxford Bibliographies have been written by experts so you know that you are reading reliable resources. However, many of your professors at UTM prefer that you do not cite to Oxford Bibliographies itself. Rather, they prefer that you access and read the sources recommended by Oxford Bibliographies and cite to those instead. This is because Oxford Bibliographies online is a tool akin to a database to find reliable sources. Oxford Bibliographies is organized by subject. You can click browse by subject for a complete list of subjects. You can use either the simple search or the advanced search. When you use the simple search, it is important to know that some topics will have entries in more than one subject and these entries will be different since each will be written from the perspective of the relevant discipline. Let's search for the topic of abortion. We see immediately that the topic of abortion is outlined in at least five subject areas and potentially others. As I have already mentioned, each of these entries will discuss the topic of abortion and will recommend sources to read but each of these entries will be unique since each is written to address the topic of abortion within different subject areas so it might be advisable to at least skim through each entry. You will notice that there isn't any heading for women, gender, and sexuality studies because the studies are interdisciplinary. Depending on your argument or thesis, you can apply the lens of subjects such as sociology or anthropology. In contrast to the simple search, the advanced search can be useful when you know your focus and relevant disciplines. Let's use the advanced search now to search by topic with a simple keyword. For instance, let's search for the topic of abortion. You can choose to limit your keyword search to one or more subjects by clicking these little boxes. For instance, we might want to just choose public health, social work, and childhood studies. If we don't check any boxes, then Oxford Bibliographies will assume that we want to include all of the subject areas within our search. Let's click search to see our results. We see immediately that the topic of abortion is outlined directly in at least two subject areas and indirectly in others such as the fetuses and embryos article. As I've already mentioned, each of these entries will discuss the topic of abortion and will recommend sources to read, but each of these entries will be unique since each is written to address the topic of abortion within a different subject area. So it might be advisable to at least skim each entry. But let's imagine for our purposes that you know that you are interested in looking at the topic of abortion within the subject area of public health. You are most likely familiar with Wikipedia entries. And in many ways, an entry in Oxford Bibliographies is similar with the added benefit that they are written by recognized academics and link to curated academic sources. Like Wikipedia entries, the entries in Oxford Bibliographies are often long and cascade down the page divided into various headings. Usually there will be an introduction, general overviews, definitions of terminology, and then increasingly specific subheadings for subtopics. You will see a table of contents on the left hand side of the screen, but unlike Wikipedia, this table of contents in Oxford Bibliographies is not as clear. At a glance, you would think that these are all of the headings related to the topic abortion for the subject area of public health. It is not intuitive that you need to click this little black arrow twice, first to collapse the list, and then again to expand for the complete list of headings. Now we can jump between any of the headings and click back to the top to go to the beginning. Of course, we can just scroll through the entire entry if we wish, just as you might with a Wikipedia entry. Let's jump ahead to the heading Laws and Public Health Consequences. Each of the headings will have a brief description of the subtopic and how it relates to the whole. In this case, Laws and Public Health Consequences in relation to abortion. There might be key facts and figures, but the most important thing that you will find is relevant citations to books, articles, and other source types such as primary sources with brief discussions of how these sources might be useful for researchers interested in the topic. As you read, for source sounds of interest, you can either click the hyperlinked reference to jump to a full citation or scroll further down the page to all of the citations for that subtopic. When you consider whether or not to use these sources, you must keep your assignment specifications in mind and be able to determine what type of source you are looking at from the citation. For instance, does your assignment require that you only use peer reviewed articles? Do you need a primary source? For instance, I am fairly certain that this source is a book because of the publisher that is mentioned. I am quite certain that these two sources are academic journal articles because they mention journal names and bibliographic details that appear to be volume, issue, and page numbers. This last resource appears to be a primary source. It is a document produced by the United Nations and intergovernmental organization. It is academic and scholarly, but it is different from the book and academic journal articles because while scholarly books and journal articles might collect data, they usually do so with a further objective of analyzing that data and situating that data within a larger lens of discussing other primary and secondary sources with the objective of advancing a particular thesis or argument. Primary sources related to the subjects of public policy, or in this case public health specifically, are usually about collecting data or collating legal resources thereby providing raw materials for researchers like you so that you can create your own resources, which will be secondary in nature. To summarize, if you are in need of a certain type of resource such as a primary source or an academic journal article, then make sure that you open the resources to confirm that they are the type of resource required for your assignment. All that is left is to start opening resources and reading. When you see resources with hyperlink titles or DOI numbers, you can usually just right click the link and open the resource in a new tab. When you don't see a hyperlink, you will have to click the find this resource link to reveal the get it UTL link. If the University of Toronto library system has access to the resource, then you will be taken to the record in library search for the resource. Sometimes these will be in print and not online. I should also add that sometimes the links between Oxford bibliographies and library search do not work correctly. So if you click a link and library search tells you that we do not have the item, then you might want to try a separate search by title for the item in library search. However, sometimes we will not have access to the resource at all and you might need to go through interlibrary loan to order the resource. We talked about disciplinary differences. I would like to show you what this means using an example from Oxford Bibliographies. You can see from this side-by-side comparison that both of these articles are on abortion, one under the subject public health, and the other under the subject social work, and that each includes different descriptions of the topic and recommends different sources. Lastly, when you want to find the most relevant sources, you can also check the related articles that Oxford Bibliographies recommends for you. These might be worth looking at as well to find more sources. If you ever have any questions about using Oxford Bibliographies online, you can contact your liaison librarian, Yaya Umetsubo, by clicking liaison librarians on the library homepage and scrolling down for her contact information. You can also reach out to research specialists by clicking reference and research help, and you will find hours to meet with us in person at the library using online chat and by email.


All right, navigating web soil survey and the Reclamation Suitability Tool. So what do we got going on here? Let's take a look. So the case for why, oh, it was September 2017, Miranda and Tom came to myself and Mark Hayek and Lance Dewey on my staff and asked for some strategies to help improve reclamation processes on these pipeline corridors and so on. So anyway, a little bit of notice to them. I've been going in with this idea of putting together a tool, an interpretation like this for over 20 years in Montana as a data quality specialist that I worked with, Mike Hansen. And we put together a version of it for Montana, but this one here I think is a little more robust and I'm a little more happy with the results that we see there. And so industry was coming to them with looking for those answers to the questions and then ultimately our landowners, our land managers, our land renters are all gonna benefit from having this knowledge up front. And so a lot of caveats that come along with that, what are issues, our costs and feasibility is you go along a corridor like that and you move from position to position on the landform. You move them from ecological site to ecological site and each one of those has its own set of unique species. And so that would be a unique mix and so on and all kinds of complication in designing a successful or potentially successful seed mix for that corridor especially with the size of the equipment that we're using. So it's just plain not practical, it's expensive. And then that's not even accounting for the fact that we have all of the establishment issues that we have in the dry climate that we have here. So we're working with in Western North Dakota some of the most highly erosion fragile soils in the country, you know, and the biggest limitations being that low precipitation that we get in those steep slopes and that's just those marine deposits are full of sodium, chloride, sulfate salts and what have you. And then you add the complexity of some of our lower water receiving wet areas and the opportunity for salinization from evaporation there, establishment issues when we're inundated and saturated along with all of the equipment limitations that comes along with dealing with wet areas too. So all kinds of fun. And so how can we increase our success? And so I've always been told if you fail to plan you plan to fail.  And so some of my ideas and strategies when we started visiting about this is that I knew from my background working with the National Soil Information System and the data that's in WebSol survey that we can identify those problem areas and avoid them, either work around them or use technology to go under them and avoid those areas where we expect to fail and focus our efforts on those areas where we can have successes. And so along with that, just we implement that effective site management strategy before we ever lay one piece of equipment on the ground and plan to separate that top soil from the subsoil. We know that works. Go after it with a strategy where we minimize that surface disturbance and minimize the compaction that comes along with it. And as you look across the state or even the nation there is not one soil that isn't affected by water and wind erosion at some level. And so plan to use those practices install those practices that minimize that the mulch, the erosion control mats, fiber rolls and all of those things that are out there around and technology continues to increase there.  So lots of things going on there. So what did we do? So the first thing we did is we convened a panel of experts, whether it from industry from other federal agencies, there are researchers, NDSU, myself, other people on my staff or in my agency. And we sat down and we worked through the criteria. Sam, some quote, she put together a set of sites and we went through those one by one where there were either failures or successes and we went through them one by one, identified the reason it failed or what the limitation of that site was for the end result and come up with a list of those soil properties and qualities and set the limits where we expected it to perform and not perform. And so that was a big help. That's where we just start. And so then I took that information and I sat down in front of the NASA's database, National Soil Information System. It's the motor behind Web Soil Survey it's the most robust natural resource database in the world. And so we can truly say that we're working with the world's best dataset. We've got in a couple of years here, we'll have 125 years worth of data to support and act as a backdrop to support our decisions with. And so I sat down with that database and began to write a set of SQL queries and put together the properties and evaluations and rules that would drive this interpretation. And this is kind of a visual model of what that looks like there. It has three main rules and sub rules there. This contains site characteristics and the sub rules with that, physical soil properties and chemical soil properties. And it's an onion of sorts. And so each one of these green bars is a rule and I've added multipliers. That's for adjustments as we use it and watch it perform and if we see it driving more on one level than another, we can make those adjustments. But it's easier for me to put those pieces in place before I need them than after the fact so I don't have to tear it completely apart. And that and operator there is significant. What that tells me that I'm going to do is I'm gonna choose the minimum value. And so what I've got here is each one of these rules is gonna generate a numerical value for me. And when I use that and operator, I'm going to use the lowest value and kick that forward as my rating for the interpretation on that particular soil. And so as we peel the onion, we looked at site characteristics. And so these are the above ground things you see as you're standing on the ground slope. So we're looking at steepness, which is going to, you know, and your equipment limitations are all going to increase as that slope gets steeper aspect. We're looking at the difference in effective pre-sip on the cool aspects in North, Northeast aspects versus the South, Southwest aspects. And you're just always a quick dryer on the South aspects. Depth to seasonal high water table. Again, you're looking at equipment limitations and saturation and slowing your opportunities for germination to occur and so on. Ponding those water receiving areas during spring runoff, during severe thunderstorms and so on, you're going to pond for a long, very long durations as a goodness with that water gonna sit there long enough to impede the performance of those plants or not. Same thing with flooding. You put that fast moving water on the landscape and you have the opportunity to destroy all the work you've put in to establish those practices or get them in place at least. And so the next thing we're looking at is surface fragments, you know, stones and boulders. You know, obviously we're going to limit our equipment when we encounter those. So we wanna account for those areas on the landscape. And interidity, we're looking at a climate piece here where, and these are those areas where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. So we're losing more water than we're receiving on those sites. It's gonna make it more difficult for those plants to succeed when we're in that dry, arid climate. Moving on to our physical soil properties, you know, available water capacity, you know, how much of that, how much water can that profile hold? And where are we at? You know, we know that when we hit that permanent wilting point, we're at 15 bar pressure, we're going to lose our plants. We know that when we get to that maximum allowable deficiency is usually at about 50% of that available water capacity. We start to see our warm season plants will suffer a little bit or degrade in performance. And we also know that those cool season plants, those that come in early spring are just a little bit more sensitive. What I find in the literature is that that starts to, they start to be affected when we get that maximum allowable deficiency at about 40% of the available water. And we looked at organic matter. The more organic matter you have, the more ability you have to hang onto that water and keep it in the profile. And that organic matter will also add to your natural fertility. And then we looked at clay content that plain content is there for the simple reason. It's sticky and so that stickiness will muck up your equipment and so it causes equipment limitations and workability of your site. Again, stones and boulders and cobbles in the surface rather than laying on the surface are also something that we want to look at. And then we looked at that rooting depth, the depth to bedrock, whether it be hard or soft bedrock or, and we also looked at whether that parent material was sandy or not. All of these physical and chemical properties that we looked at, we only looked to a depth of 30 centimeters, about one foot, looking at that depth where we're going to at least get that plant a good start, get a rooting system started and get it on its way. Chemical soil properties, we looked at electrical conductivity, which is an indication of salinity. Most of us know that sodium absorption ratio, that presence of sodium is as in a dispersive effect on the soil and it causes it to seal up. And so we want to pay attention to that pH, we're looking at pH and most of what we're looking at there is nutrient availability. So we want to find that ideal pH between 6.5 and 7.5 where we have the most nutrients available. And then we looked at calcium carbonate equivalent. And so calcium carbonate, it's a salt that's going to act as a desiccant and it's going to, you know, raise your pH. And so we're looking at nutrient availability there. It also tends to coat the particles and when we're at the surface with that calcium carbonate, we're more susceptible to wind erosion. So we want to keep that into account. And so this is, this is a layer. Let me dig into the onion, another layer deeper. And for each of these, these soil properties we had to put together an evaluation. So how did we handle that? And so I think we had just under 20 different soil properties and qualities that we evaluated. And so this is nothing more than a visual representation. We're looking at slope here. I'll describe one of them and then we'll let you go hunt down and teach yourself about the other, the other 15 or 20 or however many there are. So what we're looking at there is we're saying that we are well suited with a slope that's less than or equal to 9%. So along the left margin here we got numbers that range from zero to one. And so zero, we're absolutely not suited. And one, we are absolutely suited. And so when we say less than or equal to nine our membership is 100%, we are well suited. And then conversely, when we look at a slope that's greater than or equal to 15%, we say we were absolutely not suited and we give that a value of zero. And in between those two values, we have partial membership and we fall out along this line. The closer we are to zero, the more limited it is, the closer we are to one, the less limited it is and the suitability like that. And so that's the crux of the onion. There's a lot more of the querying language and stuff like that. No sense in putting that in front of you unless you wanna sit down and learn how to program. Most of that you won't retain anyway. So we'll go into that next. And so the show you work part of it, those of you that wanna dig in and go find that stuff. This is just a screenshot of a web soil survey and as you get more familiar, whoops, we wanna get back in there. And once you get an area of interest selected if you go to the soil data explorer tab and then to the soil reports tab, come under area of interest and there's a report in there that says national soil interpretation description and criteria summary. And so you grab that report and then come down and select the interpretation you're looking at. In this case, reclamation suitability and put a checkbox in front of it that ND and parentheses doesn't mean anything other than the fact that that interpretation was programmed with North Dakota in mind. And so all of that stuff is put together by myself at this point, I'm the only one in North Dakota that has the skill set to script these and put them together and be happy to teach you if you wanna know, because that skill set needs to get passed on somewhere along the line. But anyway, if you run that report by hitting view soil report and it'll generate this text document that I wrote and you can go in and pick apart all of the details that I just shared you about slope for each of those soil properties and qualities that we use in this interpretation and the logic that was used for each of those is stated in there too. So then you can understand the science behind what we did here. And so beauty of doing something like this is that once I did acre one, I'm in a situation where I can do the other 54,250,000 acres in North Dakota in the press of a button. And so we know where we're limited and where we're not limited, where we're going to have success or most likely to have success and where we need to think real good and hard about what we're doing before we do it. And so that's kind of where we're at and what we've created. And it's fun to have that in place after thinking about it for 15 or 20 years and actually pulling it off. Now let's see if the speakers will let me get closer to the computer here. I'm going to jump out of there and into get the crutches on here and into web soil survey and show you how to use some of these tools. Find your favorite browser and type in web soil survey. 99.9% of the time it's the top one. Just make sure it says nrcs.usda.gov and the URL there and give it a launch. One secret is to close some of these windows behind you to increase your performance. Pay attention to the start page. Those of you that haven't used it, there's lots of how to and find your way and you can teach yourself if you're patient. And it won't be a labor that most people just whack that start your web soil survey button and go after it. And we're in. So as it draws, there's several ways to go after your area of interest. Those of you that are more advanced with GIS, you can import a shape file. And so those of you that have multiple part, multiple polygon areas of interest that allow you to bring that in as a shape file rather than draw your one uninventive rectangle around what you're looking at. There's other things like the that long which is just a point, the public land survey system which is gonna get you to your favorite section in the world. And I typically use this little survey area. And so I'm going to just jump in there, grab Mark Dakota. And we'll take you on a tour of Dunn County today. Hit the radio button. And then I'm gonna hit set the AOI right there. And it'll draw all of Dunn County out for me. So another thing that you can do if you want is you can use these tools right here in the end, the AOI tools to draw a small polygon and just worry about that part of the world that you're in if you want to. Once we're there, you can go to that soil map tab and you get a feel for the symbols, the map unit descriptions and how much of the area each map unit has. Each of these map unit names is linked to a map unit descriptions. You can go in there and learn more about the composition and landforms that things are on and everything. But to save you some time, I'm gonna go back to that area of interest tab and the quickest way to find what you're looking for is to use this handy-dandy search engine. All you gotta do is, in my case, know how to spell a little bit. And so we'll type in reclamation suitability and hit return. And there we go. We come up with that outline there. And the thing about that outline is each one of those bold things there are going to correspond to a tab in the database. And so it tells you where you don't have a match and where you do have a match. I'm gonna jump down to the suitability's limitations. Click on this one here and I'll find a hyperlink that if I click on it, it'll jump me right to that part of WebSwell survey that I wanna use the most. Several other ways to navigate through there. You can click on the individual tabs and find your way through that. It's relatively intuitive. But if you aren't familiar with it, it's handier to find your way through there. And so what we've got here, keep this from, I'm gonna expand and tuck that up a little bit. So under land management, we've got our limitations and suitability. So there's a quick description. And for each interpretation that you run, you wanna take and spend a little bit of time reading about how the values are. Some are designed as limitations where the low numbers are good and the high numbers are bad and vice versa. For a suitability, what we're looking at, high numbers are good, low numbers are bad. So pretty intuitive there. So let's go ahead and we'll launch that and view the rating, wait, port to draw. And there we have it. There's a five color, so you click on that. Legend tab, it'll pop out and give you your color sequence. Of course, red is not suited, that dark green is well-suited. And then I chose to divide the somewhat suited into three categories, markedly well-suited, somewhat suited and poorly suited because I felt like it had more meaning. And I broke those at 0.9, 0.6 and 0.3. So zero to 0.3 is poorly suited, 0.3 to six is somewhat suited and 0.6 to 0.9 are smartly well-suited and so on. And as we move in on that, we can zoom in a little bit, let it draw. You can see that that has more meaning than if the orange and the yellow and light green were all yellow in there. You get a little more of a sensibility for how much more useful it is when you have those five classes versus three. So there's a quick look at the map. And then we'll take a little bit of time here and understand the report. Well, at least suited is our interpretation, but we've got two different things going on in this map. Site characteristics at 0.75, the most limiting one is that 0.68 there for soil physical properties, but you see that that low number only represents 5% of that map unit. We're looking at the dominant condition. So the dominant condition is that site characteristics driving in at that 0.75, which give us that moderately well-suited. And so I got one more I'll explain to you that it's a little more enlightening or maybe it's confusing, hopefully not that. So let's take a look at this band on the map unit. And what we see is that we got chemical soil properties, and site characteristics firing out on these three components pretty regularly. But the only consistent one is that the chemical soil properties are firing at zero or unsuited for all three of those components. And so that's your dominant condition there. The physical characteristics are all there, but they're not all at zero. This one's at 0.6 and so on. But the thing to pay attention to though and do a little bit of math and you find that that's only 79% of that map unit. Where's the other 21%? Anything that rates a one or well-suited isn't there sure well up in this table? So we've got 79% of our map unit that's unsuited, but there's still 21% of it that's suited or usable. So you wanna take some time, get to know those data, understand your situation and go after that. And it takes a little patience, a little bit of time, but it is definitely doable. And so also, as you're doing that, take the time. As you're going through and working through a web-social survey, you can create a printable version of any map that you're looking at on the spot. It'll create a PDF document, you can save it to your computer and have it go back and we draw that map. Or as you're working through several interpretations in a session, you can add them to the shopping cart there. And then when you're done with your session, you can come over here to this shopping cart tab, pop that down, go in to the shopping cart and it'll show you those sessions, sections that you save. You can check them on or off, keep the ones you want, throw the ones you don't want and download a version and have your own custom soil resource report. Don't try to print it. It was just to watch the trees pop right off the landscape if you get print on those. So there's a lot of data in there. Let's jump into the soil reports tab and there's a couple of things to show you in there. What are we doing for time? Get a couple of minutes, all right. So if you go into this component soil legend, check that include minor soils, it gets the full resolution of the database, not just the major components. And so what you'll see there is that you get the full resolution of the slope of the composition of each map unit there. There's seven components in that map unit and that their proportion.  All of our data elements have that clay, sand percent slope. And so our range is zero to 2% there, but a representative value is one. And so a lot of our interpretations are driven by those representative values. And so there's a lot of resolution to these data tubes. With that, our next steps are to take what we have here and go after those units that are less limited, that aren't poorly or unsuited and look at grouping those ecological sites that are assigned to those and do a better job of simplifying what needs to happen. As far as creating seed mixes and make that more simple to use and help you work your way across a pipeline scar and have more success in that application there. So I'm gonna leave that right there and get a little bit of time for questions, not much, but is anybody got anything to ask? Brenda? Is there a good inclusion in a good map unit or a good inclusion in a bad map unit? Is there a way to know you're on those small percentages? Yes, the best way to know is to use that map unit description and figure out what position on the landform those soils occur at. And so we'll say on the back slope or on the foot slope on an escarpment or where that position is and get to know where you're at within the polygon. And associate the individual components with the individual positions on the landform because that's the differences that we were recognizing and where those contrasting interpretations happen or why they're there.


Hello friends, so we are going to discuss another application of trigonometry in this session and this is called bearings Now you might have wondered while you are traveling By an airplane from point A to point B or from one city to one of the city in what terms or in what terminologies actually the pilots You know talk to their Guides or let's say people were there in the air traffic control So there must be a language which is used You know for by these pilots and navigators so that they can direct their spacecraft or Let's say their aircraft towards that particular location So usually they talk in terms of bearings and that's what we are going to understand What exactly bearings mean and how do we apply them so bearings is a you know tool by which it's a mathematical tool by which We fix location of any given point on our you know on a plane with respect to north direction, right? so We know that you know we have divided the entire plane into four quadrants and the The positive y direction points towards north usually or in a map also north is towards positive conventional positive y direction And then it's east south and west. This is how we have divided the map And now we can locate point P with respect to a north direction by two important values one is called the distance from O To P and second is the bearings. Now bearings is nothing but the angle Made by the line OP. Let's say we are trying to find out the bearings of point P In other words, we want to locate where P point P exactly is with respect to this particular north south east West configuration with O being the origin Let's say O be the central of center of both the north south and east east east west lines Now we want to find out where point P lies Then I have to specify with two data points One is the distance from O to P and second is at what angle The line OP is with respect to any of these reference lines now in bearings case We have taken the reference as the line joining any point towards the north direction. Okay? So that's what is there, you know, so hence North direction is the reference and from that if you measure the angle made by OP Then that is that will be called the bearings For example in this case if I change the location of point P. Let's see point P is here So as you can see if I maintain the distance five units as you can see OP is five But if I change the location of point P the value of alpha this angle This angle is changing. It is 81.47 as of now So as I change in the east direction, it becomes 90 direct 90 degrees That means if someone says that the bearing of a particular point is 90 degrees or You know someone's bearing is 90 degree or an aircraft or a ship's bearing is 90 degrees That means it is heading towards east. Okay, and let's say if I Change the position of P to merge with this direction then alpha is 180 degrees So 180 degrees bearing means someone is heading towards south and now you can figure out that towards best will be 270 degrees and Someone who's heading towards north and we can see say that the bearing of that particular Point or object is zero, right? So zero and Then increases to 90 degree 90. So hence we measure As I told you measure the bearings from positive x positive north direction, right? This is not direction There's no positive negative in north. So positive y direction So from north if you find out the position the angle between the line joining the origin and the north and origin and the point P Origin could be anywhere. It could be one city one location any anywhere in the map, right? And this is that so you draw our Vertically upward direction that is north direction and from that You join the point of which you want to find out the boiling bearing, sorry So hence the the angle made by this north line and the line OP will be the bearing of point P. Okay So as you can see right now the bearing of point P is 56.31 degrees Actually bearings are represented in three digits. So bearings are represented in three digits So for example here bearing of point P with respect to O is 0 5 6 So we usually ignore the decimal part. So 0 5 6 will be the bearing here Now interestingly you can find out bearing of O with respect to P as well So let's try to find that out now You can also see if bearing of point P with respect to O is 56 or 0 5 6 in The way we usually write bearing is three digit one is So three digits before the decimal is considered to be the bearing so 0 5 6 for this and For all with respect to P. So if you want to find out all's bearing with respect to P It's nothing, but it is 236 here. Can you see that so the line? Let's say now P is the origin and this a PA represents the north direction So from this direction P o is making two thirty six point three one degrees So you can you know see it as I'm moving the point P the bearing of O with respect to P also changes. So here if you see Bearing of P with respect to O is 327 But bearing of O with respect to P is 147. Can you see that? So this is what bearing is all about so bearing is nothing but The angle made by the the line joining the origin with that point from the north direction, right? So here also you can see then the angle is taken from north direction only so here 214 is the bearing of O with respect to P and 34 or there is 0 34 is the bearing of P with respect to O now if you can change the Radius also let's say point P is somewhere here or here, but then if you specify the Bearing you know in which direction the particular object is so bearing is nothing but a tool to ascertain this the direction of any particular object with respect to any other point or location, right? So that's what is used extensively in navigation in aircraft or air traffic and you know While ship and move on oceans and things like that. So bearing are important there So in the next session we'll take up a few questions related to bearings and try and understand how Bearings are applied. Thank you


Fieldcraft Hostile is pre-deployment training that gets airmen used to handling weapon systems such as your M4 or M9. It gets them used to driving Humvees and it gets them used to operating in a military environment, getting them ready for that deployment when they go downrange. My role in Fieldcraft Hostile is the urban operations in COIC. We teach airmen how to conduct operations in an urban environment and how to react to contact in that type of environment and how to move as quickly and as safely as possible to get out of that situation. Today in training at the urban operations lane, we conducted two scenarios. One scenario was a key leader engagement. We had a squad visit a village and conduct a key leader engagement where they meet the village to provide resources and they took contact during that engagement and our students used everything we taught them all day to react to that contact to safely get to a stronghold to where they can fight from the defense and suppress the enemy. At FCH Urban, we do receive airmen that have various levels of experience with weapon systems and conducting operations like the scenarios we conducted urban. It makes me feel better, makes me sleep better at night, getting the people with less experience, that experience and that training, getting familiar with weapon systems, how to use cover, how to move from building to building. It makes me feel better when they get that training before we send them downrange. A good day of training at the urban operations lane is when a student feels more comfortable operating their M4 and their M9 and using the characteristics of an urban environment to safely protect themselves and their fellow airmen.


Dear audience, good afternoon to all of you here at the concert hall in ours at the closing session of the Industrial Technologies in 2012 conference. Congratulations to the organizers for a great job well done and everybody who contributed to make this conference a success. I am pleased and honored for the invitation to give the final presentation of this important event. In my presentation I will share with you my view the importance of manufacturing and industrial technologies in Horizon 2020 for Europe. I hope after my short presentation you will understand why a prospering manufacturing base is crucial to the sustainability of Europe economy and indispensable to reach the goals of Europe 2020. In the wake of the financial and public debt crisis industry which is real economy has regained importance and is rightly back on the political agenda in Europe. Can I have the next slide please or can I do it by myself? In my presentation I will firstly address the context of Horizon 2020 which in my view should always be kept in mind. Secondly, I will open your mind and confirm the premenence of manufacturing and industrial technologies. Industry is vitally important for Europe. Real economy, the muscles of the economy is the basis for growth, jobs and hence social welfare. Finally, I will show why we need innovation more than ever for competitive and sustainable Europe. Europe 2020 is the EU growth strategy for the coming decade. The EU wants to become a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and the member states deliver high levels of employment, productivity and social cohesion. Horizon 2020 is a key pillar of innovation union, a Europe 2020 flagship and initiative aimed at enhancing Europe's global competitiveness. Horizon 2020 has the three priorities as we heard before, excellent science, industrial leadership and societal challenges. So ladies and gentlemen, Horizon 2020 will be essential to strengthen the European economy through research and innovation. At the same time, addressing the major societal challenges that Europe is facing. The structure of Horizon 2020 introduces a much needed streamlining of the EU research and innovation funding programs. However, it is important to clarify how the three strategic objectives identified by Horizon 2020, excellent science, industrial leadership and societal challenges will be coordinated. Ladies and gentlemen, moving to industrial leadership, let me stress that European business is highly committed to research and innovation and to bring new solutions to the market. My participation of industry is therefore crucial and needs to be closely monitored. So innovation needs a broad spectrum of industrial technology. Almost any product could carry the label manufacturing insight. For example, the Mercedes Benz research car, the F125, F means Forschung, research in German and 125 is the anniversary of the automotive car. So it looks like the future. This car runs on hydrogen presented on the Frankfurt Auto Show. It is a trailblazing concept for large, luxurious automobiles. It's a fuel cell, plug-in hybrid with a range of 1,000 kilometers. It's revolutionary hydrogen storage technology that has lithium-sulfur high-voltage battery with high energy density. It's pioneering battery charging by induction. It's an e-formatic all-wheel drive with four-wheel electric motors and individual torque control at each wheel. The body shell of lightweight hybrid construction with Galwing doors for optimal access, more safety and reduced waste rate. Innovative saloon car architecture of Avant-Garde, Avant-Garde design and driver fitness safety and ease of operation at the highest level thanks to natural touch, gesture and voice control. Always online. Always connected with at-your-command cloud-based infotainment. With respect to Horizon 2020 structure, manufacturing is clearly an enabling cross-pillar activity with major relevance to several research and innovation themes in all these three pillars. Avant manufacturing generates high at-your-value and thus wealth. Industrial production first and foremost means high-value-edit products and value-edit with the help of skilled people and their knowledge and factory equipment, machine and tools, or in other words, within assets, within a factory. High-tech high-value products made by high-tech production processes equal premium cars, high-tech machine tools, aircraft engines, high-speed trains, airplanes, accessories, adjust to name a few. And the factory as lean and also the products as lean and clean as possible, ideally in a zero-emission and zero-waste factory, the factory of the future. Industry will therefore, in vitibule, be the engine of the future low-carbon resource efficient and knowledge-based economy. Already today, about 20% of the workforce in industry are engineers. And this is really a truly remarkable number and will increase in future. Ladies and gentlemen, manufacturing is the wealth-creating activity. And two trackers of Europe's societal challenges. Thus, it is very critical that Europe enhances its manufacturing base in this time of crisis since new manufacturing jobs will be adding value to the society and the economic development of the continent. The factories of the future public-private partnership managed to re-engage industry both big and small in European projects. With respect to a rise in 2020 structure, manufacturing is clearly an enabling cross-pillar activity with major relevance to several research and innovation themes in all three pillars. And especially Europe's grand societal challenges. As the challenges ahead of us are increasing, the demand for suitable solutions is increasing, too. Since R&D is no means at itself, but is an indispensable business necessity, our commitment from industry should not stop at the level of co-funding of research and innovation activities, but should also cover the uptake of research results by industry. Our community is prepared to go into this direction by complementing the roadmap with necessary elements from vision to R&D strategic investments to industrial priorities, to expected impact on European industry competitiveness. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Henrik, for this very interesting talk here and addressing some of the issues which we have been talking about at this conference here. Thank you very much. Thank you. Bye-bye. Thank you. I'll just take the podium here for a few minutes and say some concluding works here. I think it's not a secret that EU is facing huge challenges. Debs is high in Europe, growth is low, innovation is insufficient, jobs are being lost from Europe, and that's really some of the prevailing challenges for Europe today. Can we deal with that? The answer, of course, is yes, but there are many challenges ahead of us. And it's not going to be easy. It will require a concerted effort from many different partners in the European society here. It's also so that we are today certainly living in a world where new is normal, a very competitive world, and that means that there's a new world order, you could say. We must improve Europe's competitiveness, we must be smarter than the rest of the world, and we must invest today in growth for tomorrow. If I should say just a few words here, and I would sing back on a speech which I'm sure many of you have heard, either while you were alive or present and so forth, it's actually going back to January 1960 to the words of Kennedy. What did Kennedy say to the US public there? I would try to reformulate to the European public here. And I would say that to European citizens. Do not ask what Europe can do for you, but what can you do for Europe? That applies to the universities, it applies to the students, it applies to the researchers, it applies to the employee at European industry, it applies to all the political system and to all our friends in the Brussels here. We need to work together here, and then we need to address all the questions here. It's not me, I, me and myself, but it's us and we have to address what can we do for Europe here. That's the only way I see out of the European crisis here we have today. I think it's also fair to say we are not very many politicians here today that sometimes, at least within the last year, I have felt that we have been lacking political leadership. And although we can say many, many good things about Europe here, again making the right decision, what is the right thing for Europe in the years to come, is sometimes a very difficult and very challenging process. And the reason for that is that many of the politicians are facing with the fact that they have to go back to their different countries and be reelected. And many of the politicians today have to make decisions which are not popular. There's no way out of this here. And therefore they may shake their hands and say, well, let's better not do it. And this is the worst thing they can do today. They have to stand firm and do what is best for the different countries and what is best for Europe, because are we not doing that today? Again, I really am sort of very uncertain about European's future, at least for some of the countries here. I do hope that on this bumpy road we are seeing a tendency that the European political leaders are standing firm, are doing the right thing, but certainly they are up against huge auto markets here. So again here with these interesting conferences, we are talking about public-private partnership. And this is to me the only way out of this here. I have recently, I mean, I myself is a university professor here, and I think what are the most important thing a university professor can do is to have educated the next generation of talent and young people here. That is really what Europe is needing, and that is what the universities should do for most here. But I think also at the universities we should, when I am sitting at the border of Karlsburg, we have to deal with corporate social responsibility, CSR. And I try to introduce a new concept to the university system, means SSR, Scientific Social Responsibility. I really do believe that universities have to show, and the professors there have to show scientific social responsibility, meaning that of course they should still educate the next talent, talent and people. They should do the excellent science here, public science and nature. But also, as Heinrich just mentioned out here, it's also their obligation to bring this science into industry, because the university professors are not the best ones to bring that out to market and industry here. That's what we need Europeans industry for. Both the big industries, but also again foster the smaller industries here. And again, I really do believe that there's some bumps on the road which we can help solving here. I have for a long time been advocating for, have a European patent here. It's ridiculous today that we have to run around and filing patents in Europe in a number of different counter states. We should be sure that if we file one patent, that applies to all early Europe. I'm sure that would help this process of starting out companies, which may eventually grow into larger companies later on here. I think also that if I look at the horizon 2020 here, I think it's a great plan here, as was mentioned before. Again, some of the bump on the road here will be to secure the body for that. It's certainly not going to be trivial. Again, when we're facing the financial problems we are in Europe today. But again, I would say it would be a catastrophe if they do not find the money for doing this here, because that's again really investing today in the growth for Europe for tomorrow here. If I look at the horizon 2020 program here, it's first of all, European research program will be gathered into one large powerful program, hopefully based on two simple words here, simplicity and flexibility. We should constantly fight sort of what sometimes is called the European bureaucracy. We should really try to do this in a flexible and simple way to get the funding out to the scientists and to the people from the industry here. Secondly, in horizon 2020, that's really designed to bridge the gap between research and market here. This gap is not a death valley. We have to bridge this gap here. It's extremely important. Europe is known for outstanding research, for outstanding young people here, but we are much too slow in bringing this outstanding research into innovation and into products here. And that's something we certainly can learn both from our colleagues in US and from our colleagues in Asia. And certainly the program is based on a challenge-driven approach which identifies some of the grand challenges. As I said before, that European is faced with huge challenges like depth, growth, slow innovation in sufficient and so. But we also today face with a number of other challenges, which is sometimes called grand challenges. The energy issue, the climate issues, affordable health care, tap water, drinkable water is not going to be trivial in many places in the world in just 20 or 20 years from now on. And can you imagine the society without having access to tap water here? These grand challenges can only be solved if we all work together. They can only be solved if we invest in science and technology and engineering here. It's not the bankers who will solve these grand challenges. It's us as scientists here, not only us at universities, but us together with industry. And if we do not solve these problems here, then you can forget about all economic crisis in Greece and Spain and so forth here. Because then the climate issues, the accessibility of water and so forth will just be much larger problems. And that will really change our society in a radical way here. I think this conference here has been fantastic. I think this document we have in front of us today here is a very strong document here. And I hope it really sends a very strong signal from all the industrial partners here to both our friends at European Commission, but also certainly to the Danish presidency and to the political system here. Yes, European industry is committed to actually bridge this gap here. There was a couple of weeks ago here, another conference here at AHA was actually on excellence more from the university point of view with the other program in EU, the ERC program, which is again a fantastic program here. So I think we have seen from the university system and for the industrial system a strong yes, we realize that we have problem. Yes, we will work together to solve these problems here. Does that mean that there will not be problems ahead of us and challenges ahead of us? No, but we have in a concerted effort help solving some of these things here. I will end up by just saying that I believe this has been a fantastic conference here. We have been lucky with the weather here which of course have helped a lot here, but there is as you can imagine for arranging such a conference here, a huge number of people who really spend a lot of dedicated time to bring this into a success here. And let me just mention a few of these names here behind the scene here. It's some of my colleagues from the Aynano Center here at AHA's university, Nils Christian Peter Tostrup, Rebecca Tostrup and David Kiel, just to mention a few of these here from Malboa University. We have Anders Westergaard and Torben Petersen here. As you know, SpinWars have done a fantastic effort here. We have here at Denmark have a fantastic collaboration with the SpinWars team here. Pekka, Tom, Susi and Christina, thanks a lot for your really fantastic work here bringing this to a success. And finally, but at least I would also like to address my thanks to European Commission here from both on his team and in that respect I would like to mention a day in again and Torben Petersen here with whom we collaborate a lot again to make this to a success. Let me end by saying that this is not the end of this session here. There will actually be sessions all afternoon long so I really hope that many of you will stay on and join these sessions here. It's the end of this morning session here. There will be lunch served out there. Thank you for your attention. I really hope that we will see this as the beginning of a great future for Europe. Thank you.


We wake up at the same time. We both strive for the same values. We both experience the same anxiety. We both have the same set of skills. We both have the same dreams and aspirations. So why are we treated so differently? Women earn only 10% of the world's income. Women earn less than 1% of the world's property. Women are paid 40% less than men in the financial services while only 14% of executive committees are women. Globally, there's a 31.4% gender pay gap. At Tickmill, we strive for fairness, equality and unity. We want humans to succeed.