Okay, okay, I get it. I'm sorry that I couldn't react to it live like I usually do But I was kind of busy with other very important things Also, I think I've had my live streaming fix for about mmm. I don't know a month But I will say as my doorbell rang this morning It was my landlord here with the new dishwasher because our old one broke I was up early enough to watch the direct even though I wasn't streaming it and oh boy It was definitely my favorite Nindie direct We've ever had and I'm ranking it up there with one of the best directs in general. We've ever had I really like the Nindie directs I personally get really excited for them for a few reasons the main one being I clearly Love indie games So that game aside of me is just watching these indie directs getting excited for the next indie game I get to play but that youtuber content creator side of me is looking at it like what games are gonna make my next eShop Lists and I get really excited for that too. So in general, I always love these Nindie directs But never have we had one quite like this again. It was just like normal direct standard for me It's one of my favorite directs period It was amazing and it's in no small part. Thanks to Nintendo's Amazing efforts just on the switch in general, but definitely the support and love they have shown the indies Since the very start of the system but enough gushing about the console itself Let's dive into this indie direct that I claim is the best one ever and it started really eerie almost like Nintendo had found this Old footage from the 1950s of this guy teaching you how to drink milk with a face mask And I had no idea where this was going until you hear that music kick in you see those cuphead characters pop up on the screen And you realize the dream has become a reality Cuphead is on the switch. This is something that I thought was never going to happen and I'll be very honest I was completely wrong. I was adamant. This was never going to happen. Why would Xbox give away what is arguably the best Exclusive on their console costing themselves sales on the Xbox you would imagine now That's another reason someone has not to buy an Xbox But recently it's no secret that Xbox and Microsoft have become best buds And there's even news about Xbox's game pass service coming to the switch And since then since whenever that was rumored a few weeks ago The likelihood of games like Cuphead and Ori and other Xbox games going to the switch has been way more likely So it didn't take me nearly as by surprise as it would have done without that rumor But still it's very special to see and I do think there's a joke to be told some lines to be drawn in regards to The fact that Cuphead is a game about the main character who sells his soul to the devil It almost seems like Xbox has sold their soul to Nintendo at this point However at this point I do feel like this is a really good move for Microsoft to move towards being more of a gaming service like Steam Rather than a dedicated gaming console and I say that as someone who really does love his Xbox one truly Kim and I had a lot of fun playing Cuphead, but we never got to finish it So this is really cool for us now from this point on I assume just like every other indie direct I was gonna see a bunch of games that I didn't really have interest in and then some that I think maybe that Would be cool when I get my hands on it, but that didn't actually end up happening as every game every game Look like something that I would at least want to try but more than likely love and really enjoy and the very next one was Overland I'd never seen this game before and honestly, I typically don't super enjoy this kind of game Specifically, but there's something about this one that has a lot of charm the art style is gorgeous The narrative is actually very intriguing as it's a randomly generated game Where you're going across the country trying to survive and there seems to be a lot of gameplay choice You don't have to kill every enemy you come across you get to choose how you survive And I'm very interested to find out more about this game My friend Pedro was a game that I actually saw recently and thought it looked incredible It reminded me of Max Payne, but in a 2d side-scrolling platformer action adventure style And I mean I think the gameplay here speaks for itself Triggering that slo-mo with your dual-willed weapons and throwing frying pans to ricochet off the walls and hit your enemies with Honestly, this game looks like it's going to be the most fun I'll ever have in a game of this genre. Ah the physics I just can't wait to mess around with them and see what kind of crazy moves I can pull off I didn't get much out of neocab other than again I really liked the visuals and it reminded me in a way of snatcher But as a point-and-click adventure fan, it definitely looks like something that I would enjoy I just can't tell what's going on with it just yet Ah the red lantern. Oh my can we talk about visuals just one more time here? This game reminds me of Firewatch in the sense of a small indie team has come together and created such a gorgeous world I mean look at these visuals It's a style that to me looks timeless if a triple A studio gave me a game with this visual style I would still go yes great job. This looks great, and it's an indie team I love that you can literally see the passion and then the game itself appears to have a very strong Narrative, and I really look forward to it. However However, they did break my heart, and I did not need to see that scene with the bear I didn't need to see that in the trailer because now as soon as I start playing the game I'm gonna be thinking about that bear and how and if I can't even avoid that bear because oh that poor pop pop It's heartbreaking. The next game was Darkwood and this game reminded me a lot of another indie game I just started playing called APOW the gameplay is presented in a very similar way. It's clever It's top-down, but you still can't see all around you It manages to hide things behind walls really effectively and while APOW is more of a fast-paced action game This one tells the story of a very creepy Darkwood it's a much scarier slower game which even features mechanics like crafting making it look very unique Okay, let's be real here for a second Katana 0 looks exactly like the kind of game that a month after it comes out I'm gonna be making one of my classic. I'm addicted to this switch game video I just I can already tell we have some more 2d side-scrolling hack and slash action that even features more of that glorious Max pain slowing down time technique as well as a rewind time technique and Being able to Katana slash bullets back at the enemy's faces again This is the exact fast-paced hack and slash style game that I always love like dead cells for example Um so at this point we're about halfway through the direct and I've already loved everything I've seen so far not to mention it was at this point that Tim Schaefer popped his beautiful face on that screen and Double fine productions gave us a glimpse at a brand new game Wow this direct was catered for me actually as I was watching this direct. I started to really think man I wish I could present just like one indie direct Wouldn't that be cool if Nintendo randomly announced an indie direct and no one said anything and then it started and then That my ugly face was on the screen Presenting things the way they were presenting things. I'd probably have to talk a little bit differently a little bit more professionally But I think that would be really cool.  No, but seriously, I am definitely getting this game I will always support double fine and anything they do and this game looks great creature in the well And now I'm not complaining about this whatsoever Trust me because I loved hyper light drifter, but this game it is screaming hyper light drifter visuals to me Even the gameplay looks very similar other than the fact that it's completely different Makes sense of that. It's inspired by pimple mechanics And you use your sword to swing and hit the little pimples flying around the screen to utilize different Switches and things and kill things and stuff like that. I haven't played it yet Okay, I'm just guessing but you do see during this trailer some of the things he has to try and hit with these pimples are on timers So you're more than likely gonna have to develop a lot of skill and finesse when it comes to hitting these balls around Okay, and this was actually another one of my favorites from the presentation I mean this wholeheartedly blood roots for an indie beat em up game looks Insane the amount of options and weapons and items and combos and ways that you can interact with the environment and how fast all of it Just strings together naturally depending on how you want to play this game I don't even understand what would go into developing the level layouts to give you this much freedom and have so much chaos Happening at the same time honestly slow down this gameplay or just look at it frame by frame Or just watch it through a few times and see how much stuff is going on and also look around at how much other stuff could be going on Depending on how you play and not to mention just like all the games so far the visuals are beautiful But I do also want to point out that visually every game has looked very different so far And I think that's something else that helped make this entire direct feel fresh and exciting And then we move on to possibly the sleeper hit of the entire direct pine Tell me this game doesn't look like just Breath of the Wild 2 in a way not as elaborate not as intense Nowhere near is awesome. Of course, but it looks like a very similar game again a very gorgeous game And at the start of the event the guy hosting it even said other than Zelda and Mario games There are a load of other worlds waiting to be explored through these indie developers And I feel like this was possibly the one he had in his mind in particular I am really excited to explore this world and learn more about it. I don't know about y'all But I'm still loving this direct so far. What about you guy that hosted the direct. Yes Geez, okay. Cool. Cool, man Settle down. Let me go to glimpse that super crate box I have never seen this game before and honestly, they didn't tell me much about it in this direct And then a game called nuclear throne launched today, and I love when they do that There's always one or two games every direct that ends up launching on the day And it's always exciting no matter what it is And I don't know if this game is made by the same people that made Enter the Gungeon But to me looking at the trailer it looks exactly like Enter the Gungeon just in a different environment And I'm definitely picking it up after I'm done editing this video Enter the Gungeon was one of my favorite indie games from last year, by the way If you forgot ultra bug reminds me of just a ton of games I played when I was a kid and I'm kind of confused about this But it seems like some kind of service is tied to it like a collection of games and ultra bug is one of them And it seems like maybe they release more as time goes on not sure what's going on there Maybe you guys can let me know down below. I know I'm the guy that really should know that but I just I don't Okay, there's there's been a lot going on lately. I'm doing my best now to prove to you guys that I'm not just a Nintendo fanboy I'm not just obsessed with indies, and I'll love anything that the switch throws at me the next game Swin Sanity I believe it was called. I have zero interest in this one. This was the only one just zero Zero interest zero there's nothing going on in this trailer anyway that tells me that yes I have to play this game. I might try it. I might play it, and I might be wrong I'm always the first to admit when I am wrong especially when I'm playing a really fun game I didn't think was going to be fun you guys know that so until I played it, but right now This was not for me. I love my community on YouTube so much Oh, what do you think guy that hosted this director? I should probably learn his name What do you think of my community on YouTube? Love those guys. I knew you were a good guy. All right Let's keep going. All right. This one was huge and again something I didn't expect I don't know if this was announced, but I had no idea that blaster master 2 was coming out until now And I think this is a really cool slice of history Obviously we had the original blaster master on NES and it was a really fun game And then when the switch launched we got blaster master remastered on it I think it was also a 3ds game prior to that but it was one of the very first switch games for everyone That was making switch games early on looking at this guy, and they were constantly trying to convince people There were good games on the switch worth buying blaster master was literally one of the first five games that launched on the switch That were worth buying and because of that fact obviously the game did really freaking well and now this NES game from way back in the day has a remastered sequel now and Wow, they have done so much work to this game and they have improved it so much You can go to space now travel to other worlds There's so many new upgrades to you and the ship that you drive Sophia. I believe yes Commit to it Sophia even with a really cool counter system where if you keep countering at the right time It seems to do a stupid amount of damage. It just looks like a sequel done, right? It's not a sequel. I knew I wanted but I really wanted now that it's happening. They have done a fantastic job with this I cannot wait cannot wait. I just realized by the way my landlord was here changing a dishwasher Did I did I mention that and I was a little distracted near the last half of this event available today? I I and it's only ten bucks Wow, that's actually really really cool. I'm excited now.  Yeah, I didn't even I didn't even yeah, okay cool That's legitimate joy on my face. You see right now by the way. That's that's really cool I am a massive fan of stranger things and I know that's not saying much because who isn't but not I listen to the words I'm saying I love stranger things and I think it's a very brilliant idea That they decided to make a co-op beat em up game like something we would have played back in the 80s and 90s as the game to Reflect the series it was just a stroke of genius and this game does remind me of so many of the beat em ups I grew up playing and of course even though I don't talk about them all the time I do love me a great beat em up so far in everything I've seen about this game It doesn't look like an over-the-top super exciting I can't wait to play a beat em up game and if it wasn't for the fact that it's stranger things I probably wouldn't be looking at it nearly as hard as I am right now However, I feel like it's because they're not wanting to give too much of the game away before you play it And I'm hoping that's the case it looks very simple to me and what I've seen so far I'm hoping it has more depth to it, but visually amazing and obviously it's stranger things So I am getting it I am excited and the announcement that it's coming to switch I expected completely, but it's glad to get that confirmation. Can I stop being upside down now? Cool. Thanks And then that last announcement Crypt of the Necro Dancer I believe it was in my top 10 e-shop games from last year as well If not, it was absolutely a special mention and it's one of my favorite indie games in general However, it's not one that I personally see a lot of people talking about It's one that I have to almost convince some people to play which always really surprises me because again this game is fan Brick fantastic a game where if you don't know every move you make every enemy you kill everything you do in the game is in Rhythm with the soundtrack. It's brilliant. It is brilliant Brilliant. I can't say that enough very and I mean I thought very underappreciated Another reason why this next thing surprises me so much It makes me love Nintendo even more than I already do somehow if that's possible We're watching the trailer for what is seemingly to everyone that knows the game and has played the game a sequel and It is in a way a sequel to Crypt of the Necro Dancer and as the voiceover is going along and talking through the adventure That's unfolding before your eyes the soundtrack starts to switch over to a Zelda beat that traditional Zelda theme but Remixed into the Crypt of Necro Dancer style and I loved that that that moment was oh That's so great that because it's on switch There's gonna be what I thought would be Zelda themed music tracks for the game So as you play you can play with it's out like that would have been so cool like different Zelda tracks Right that would have been cool and more than enough and then Zelda flies onto the screen link flies onto the screen and suddenly the gameplay Shifts to essentially link to the past if link to the past was backed by an incredible soundtrack Well, it was but an incredible soundtrack that you played the game to these two universes These two worlds work together so freaking perfectly and I can't describe to you if you haven't played the game How great it would even be to just play the game with Zelda theme tracks like as a Zelda fan But to actually get to play like a Zelda style Crypt of the Necro Dancer called cadence of Hyrule It is a stroke of brilliance and not something that I could that I Would have expected Cuphead a year ago Like if you put me back a year ago from this timeline and said Cuphead would be on switch I would have been like No, and then if you are like well Crypt of the Necro Dancer is gonna have a Zelda style game I would have been like well maybe Cuphead's possible and I mean here we are and it looks Incredible like it truly does and Nintendo keeps lending out their franchises and their properties to more developers But usually when they do it, it's to big AAA studios that they know that they can trust to do it right and not screw it up They're probably watching over their shoulder the whole time anyway, but companies like Ubisoft They don't really do it to indie teams and it's so special It's it's such an interesting time we're in and I love it Like can you imagine being that indie developer that small team and not only making a game like they grew up with games Obviously, they have a passion for games. They made a game that people loved they got to put it on Nintendo a system They probably loved when they were like that was probably big enough for them as it was and then imagine if you were them And you had Nintendo come to you and be like But how would you like to do it again and actually use the property of Zelda put link and Zelda in your game That gives me shivers just thinking about that and I'm not even them I don't know what to say other than thanks again the Nintendo for completely knocking it out the park with yet another Nintendo Direct you never cease to amaze me and you guys don't cease to amaze me Thank you for being here watching this video and really wanting to hear my opinion on everything Nintendo even though most of the time I have no idea what I'm talking about Ran out of breath geez Pretend I didn't say that and if you liked this video you'll learn a little something make sure you have flip all over that Subscribe button while you're going down there hit the like button leave a comment you may as well I have never felt as motivated on this platform as I do right now And I'm not gonna keep going on about it But you guys know exactly why you stepped up and you showed me something truly amazing and it's just filled me with Motivation I love you. Let's keep slamming these videos out. Shall we? Oh


Do I think he does that again? Do I think he does that again? I don't think he does that again. Dude, I play the same 12 people, bro. Like the same six people. I don't know why he left the last game. I don't know what's up. I don't know why he left the last game. But I'm not getting ball of half. Let me search again. Ain't no way it was that serious, was it? Yo, I'm not getting ball of half. Let me search again. I'ma quit and search again. It can't be that. Jamar, a lot of Cooper Cupp was just bagged, wasn't he? High key, boys. Jamar, I mean, Josh, like if you would keep running, that's why I never throw to people. You think you're about to be wide open. Come on, get the like what? It's a dot. Okay, a lot of lurking me and getting ball of first and quitting and then lurking again. That might be the wildest on the scene. Like come on, game, what the?  Catch those, man. And I'll just get a first down on that terrible throw, dude. Terrible, like.  I was ready for it. You hit me with that way too many times.  Let's go, man. Oh my God.   And I'm on the one yard line. Of course, just give him the ball back. You know why? Because it's me playing this game right now. You can have a ball back.  Thank you.   I can't lie, this is the lowest lurker all the time, boys. I'm behind this. This is the lowest lurk. This is a disrespectful lurk, bro. No, the lurk and I get ball first, I quit. I'll do it again. That's like a different type of weird. It really is. And he tried to just fall. Like I, dude, like. No, I thought he quit because he was like, no, I ain't trying to lurk. But then he just lurked right back. All right. Thank you, man.  Thank you, man. No huddle again. Like they're there when come on, man. What are you doing? And you run out of about like, oh, man. That was lucky. There you go, Bobby Wagner. Oh my God, like I'm standing right there. Why do you like, I just hate the way these kids, like why would you throw that?  Hey, you just got to cook that back. Come on, y'all. Like just can't get this many yards, dude. Come on, man. Another field goal, broad, man. Yeah, what else is new? Random snap throw wheel route. Oh my God. I feel like I've been, I feel like I've been on defense the whole game, bursty. I've been on defense the whole game. I swear to God. I mean, there's no way you didn't block him right there. Come on, man. Just catch pits. That's what I need from you, bro. We got Derek Henry, so it doesn't matter. All right, though.  Like Cooper Cup is, I want Josh Gordon and the boys back. So, I mean, how do we not get an animate? Like, there you go, Cooper. Love to see it. What's broken? The fact he's rushing one person with two contains. What do you want me to do? And then he clicked off his user. It's broken though, right? Oh, y'all have to get this, dude, bro. Nice. That's good. I'll save what I was doing in the morning. Y'all swear to God. He throws it over my 30 yard flat. Oh my, and he did. Oh my God. Just the perfect high ball, perfect toe tap. The luckiest in the world, dude. Oh my God. I swear to God, dude. I said something about Damarino and post-ups. Yo, you can't get no pressure on these dudes, bro. I mean, I knew, but I just kind of, I kind of hoped. Honestly, I was kind of hoping I would get a pick on that 30 yard cloud. So I thought he would try it because like I can't throw over the most. Dude, the man coverage on the outside is bumping him and it's just like insane, dude. Like somebody got to beat the press here, boys. Yes, sir. Yes, sir, Ski. Yes, sir. I saw that on TikTok today. I swear to God, I saw it on TikTok. I swear to God. I swear to God, I saw it on TikTok. I swear to God, I did. No troll. No troll. Yo, it worked perfectly. Yo, it worked perfectly. Whatty, bro. Oh, this is funny, ain't it?  I ain't deserve it.  Bumble the ball, man. Let's go, man. Let's go, Sherman.  No big deal. Right where we want it. I got a dot for those at home, bro. I've seen a lot of people in my life dotting my dots. Got a dot for those at home. I got a dot. Then Cup wants to send them home. Is Cup the man to send them home? Is Cup the man to send them home, boys? I'ma be honest. That was good defense. Do I think he does that again? Do I think he does that again? I don't think he does that again. Everything prepared for everything. Prepared for everything. GG's. All right. Y'all ready for a breakdown? I'ma be honest. This is a play, if you guys have been watching all year, boys. This is a play that Inside Cross, Inside the Five, first tournament. We ran this. Skimbo said this, my two point play is so good because you could hit the running back or the deep end route. Now I can't lie. I stole this little wrinkle from Skimbo. He put me on this like five months ago. The thing is with this play is that because everybody runs with the deep end route, it leaves the middle of the field wide open. So you put a backside end route coming back over the middle and you put this flat route here. No, it wasn't, I'm telling you. The flat route takes all the zones to the left here and that's what opens up the middle of the field.  They're gonna run with the deep cross right there. Boom. Look at the wide open void. Now I had to guess because he didn't blitz all game. He blitzed on third down and it caught me off guard just through the ball away. And I was like, what I did to prepare for the blitz, I didn't wanna block because if I blocked and he dropped everybody, I was screwed. I needed all five of my receivers on this play. So what I did was if he blitzed, I double teamed Keekley, which is the the end. So what that's gonna do is it's gonna cause Cam Chancellor to come free and it contain pause. But you guys know that if it contain comes free, you can run around it. One of the only problems I had with this play is it was to the short side of the field here. So I didn't have that much room but I knew I could outrun the contain and if he blitzed, I knew Cam Chancellor was coming free. I knew it. So he was coming free right here. Boom, I gotta just contain outside of him. Pause, I didn't have that much space but I had enough to just get away. And I knew I was gonna hit the deep end route back at the end zone here. Obviously it would have been hard for me to have time to do that. But I knew I had the backside drag coming back across the middle and there's nobody in the middle field cause he blitzed five people. So that was how I prepared for the blitz. I knew I was rolling out instantly from the blitz. Boom, there it is.


This paper proposes a novel 3D convolutional neural network, CNN, approach for automatic classification of crops from spatio-temporal remote sensing images. The 3D-CNN framework was designed to preserve the full crop growth cycle while also incorporating temporal information. Additionally, an active learning strategy was introduced to further improve the accuracy of the model. Experiments showed that the proposed 3D-CNN outperformed existing methods, demonstrating its potential for automated crop classification. This article was offered by Shunping Ji, Qi Zhong, An Jinsu, and others.


Hello, welcome to the last session, this wonderful symposium. My name is David Alonso, I'm a geosophila geneticist, I want to understand how the brain of the fly works. And it's a real pleasure, really, to have you here today, with all of you. I wish to first say thank you very much to Neon for sitting here, taking pictures, doing all his stuff, for having done this. I think it's a great occasion to celebrate, who many of us have met, and it's such a pleasure to have somebody like Mike around the corridors talking to us, and just sharing his time with us. As somebody said at the beginning, science has to be fun, and it feels just such a great example of that. So the plan is that we have two sessions, and after that the floor will be open for comments. Many of you who wish to contribute personal notes or comments in different ways, which you want to celebrate, Mike. So, good luck for the view. Tom Babin is going to tell us about the evolution of computation in the brain, insights from studying us. So Tom. Yeah, so thanks, it's been a wonderful day. Let's see what we can add to it. So we've heard a lot of things about Mike. One thing that we didn't hear is that he was not at all afraid to shape himself a bit, and come up with ideas that at the time seemed a bit odd, but maybe that in time ended up being right. And I don't know if this is going to be one of those ideas, but I'm going to try this tradition to shake things a little bit myself by telling you that color vision isn't real. So, or slightly more precisely, I'm going to tell you that I think color vision is an epic phenomenon of the eyes evolutionary history in the sense that, of course, color is there and we use it and we see it. But that is a byproduct of how the eye works and how it evolved. So why would I say that? So here is a raccoon. And the raccoon can tell us what we think about how eyes work if there's no color. Because raccoons only have one photoreceptor. And because of the principle of unit variance, meaning you can't tell apart wavelength from intensity, if you've only got one, that guy is colorblind. Therefore, all of its vision is grayscale. And therefore, all of its visual behaviors are driven by grayscale. But then, because animals are wonderful, some animals have more than one photoreceptor. For example, it's dark, right? It's pretty much all the mammals as the second one. And now you have a choice. You can take those two photoreceptors and you can combine them and arrive again at something like a raccoon. Or you can contrast the sequence of these two that gives you spectral information, which we then turn into color vision and that may or may not reach to specialized behaviors that depend on color. So this is a sort of textbook view of how color vision works. Okay, so this is two currents. And then we've got things like us. We've got three. So what does the third cone add? Well, the general textbook idea there is that color vision is a bit nicer. Yeah, so we see some more colors. The color resolution has improved. And then we get other animals that have even more colors. And the color vision gets improved. So the purpose then of adding extra cones is just to make color vision better. And sure, that's a nice thing to do. But I think that's a pretty heavy investment in photoreceptors if it's just to make color vision a little bit better. And I think that's not what it's for. So what I think is correct is that the presence of multiple cones enables color vision. But what we always do, and this is a typical thing that we shouldn't do, and we know we shouldn't do this, is we translate that into the idea that therefore the purpose of having multiple cones is to enable color vision. And I think that bit is wrong. I think the purpose, the original purpose of having multiple cones is to enable vision, not color vision, specifically in the water, because of course all vision involved in the water. So if we take that idea, we can take our little contrast connection here, and we just feed it back into the visual system. This is just polar vision, which uses both combinations and contrasting of photoreceptor signals, with all core behaviors. But because one of the features of the cones is that they are spectrally distinct, inevitably that generates spectrally interesting segments down here, and that then leads, if needed, to color vision. So when we then think about what the cones do, what I'm asking is we need to move away from the idea that the main thing that distinguishes the photoreceptors is that they respond to different ways, like the flight. Yes, they do, but that is not the main thing. That's not the main reason why we have them. We need to think of the cones as feature channels, and hopefully I can, in the next few minutes, convince you that this is a reasonable way of thinking about them. I will talk almost exclusively about Zebrafish here. There's a reason one, we work on them in the lab, so that's obvious, but the other reason is that Zebrafish are actually a really nice representative species that we have access to today that has an ancestral-like state. An ancestral-like in the sense that the visual system that the Zebrafish has is probably not that different from the visual system that existed way early on in the Cambrian explosion than the first isopropagrids or cranias at the time people. Some of the features that are very similar to what we think those first animals were, for example, Zebrafish have four ancestral-like systems, that is the four ancestral set. They are diurnal, they should be available during the day, not during the night, much easier to do. They live in shallow water, again they're more light, like our earlier analysis, they're small, actually if you look at the record of the first craniate species that had eye holes, they are the size of Zebrafish, so it makes a lot of sense that we're looking at a species that pretty much the center, and of course they have interesting behaviors that are pretty complicated, for which you need to use eyes in interesting ways. For example, they're predators, they eat stuff, that moves, but they also prey, they get eaten, and that certainly was also the case back then. So let's then think about what light does in the water. So light comes from the sun, not from the atmosphere, hits the water surface, and the water, light and water are not friends, basically light, water gets rid of light in the sense that scatter light, you lose it, you absorb it, you lose it, meaning that even if you're right under the surface, the spectrum of light that you have available for vision is not the same as the spectrum of light that you would have available for vision, if vision would have evolved above the water, which it didn't. So we wanted to understand, first of all, what is the spectrum of light in the Zebrafish natural habitat, and it's a bit dim here, but it came out, so a while ago we went to India where they are endemic, and we measured it, and this rainbooker, which is very faint here, is pretty much the light available where the fish live. And what I've plotted here is just a number of components, so kaya means brighter, and energy. Energy is the reciprocal of wavelengths, wavelengths are usually what we plot here, but energy I think makes a lot more sense in this case. And then what I've plotted on top of it is the measured tuning functions of two of the photo receptors in the Zebrafish, work from Takeshi to Karish here, and hopefully you can appreciate that the red one, which is the other one here, is one cone, basically captures all of the light really quite nicely. That's a brightness channel. The UV cone captures only a small little bit of that light, and it's very specific for you, the red one is not very specific at all. So that's important. That means that this guy gets more photons than that one. But the photons that that guy gets, the better photons, the high energy photons. High energy photons are easy to pick up, low energy photons are hard to pick up, because you run into thermal noise. Okay, so based on that, let's just put the dots here. So the red cone sits somewhere here, and the UV cone sits somewhere there. We can turn this photon axis effectively into a speed axis, because the more photons you have, the less time you need to integrate in order to get a usable signal. So if you get lots of photons, you can afford to be quick. Don't get many photons, you can't. Okay, so therefore this is slow and this is fast. And convergent evolution will do this to any photoreceptor. If you look at the photoreceptor inside or outside of eyes, they will just evolve to be that way, depending on the wavelength or depending on what type of photons they get. The energy axis, we can turn it into a gain axis. It makes a lot of sense if you think about it, that these are the good photons, they're really easy to pick up, they're high energy, and therefore we can basically, we can crank up the gain axis up all the way up to 11, and these guys are fine, they don't start going snowy, you don't get noisy. If you do that for the red cone, you get a snowy image, it's bad. You can't crank up the gain for the red cones, because the photons have lower energy. So intrinsically, we have a fast low gain system, and we have a slow high gain system. Okay, this is a photoreceptor in isolation, but of course where it's up the stone, sit in isolation, they sit inside the eye, within circuits, and the circuits do useful things. The first thing that happens with the photoreceptors, it talks to each other, and it talks to the horizontal themselves, by an horizontal, that's to each other. And if we look in the live eye, we find that these circuits, they take these intrinsic differences and they're pulled on them, they're pulled them apart.  But if you look at the horizontal cells at the red cones, we take out the horizontal test, it gets faster. So this is just the way that the circuit is calibrated. Now, so we move these dots apart a little bit. But then of course photoreceptors don't just in time or gain, they do space as well. And the classic text of your photoreceptor is that it has a center activation, which is where it's out the segment sits, and it has a surround activation, which comes from the horizontal sets and they bring cones which are calibrated. So, and this is clearly the case here in red, this is data from Takeshi, so we play a bunch of bars here, we're recording from the red code in the live zebrafish, and it doesn't respond, except here, because that's the position where it's set, so it has a narrow center. And then we slip the bars, and we look for the surround, and depending where you put it, you can get strong surround effect. So it goes up rather than down. So clearly this red cone is behaving exactly like the textbook, the center surrounds those small centers for the strong surround. Okay, let's do this experiment in a new UV photoreceptor, doesn't work. Okay, we're getting a big center. This cannot be explained by this classical model. Also what Takeshi tried, he tried quite a lot is to do this experiment, try to get some sort of desperate surround effect out of the UV cones, it doesn't work. Okay, these guys are big blurring pictures, these guys are nice center surround humans. Okay, so what we have then is we have here a system that's brilliant at detail, right? It's quick, it's small, center surround, but it's low gain, and basically it has all of the information that you need to drive vision, but it's not particularly accessible. This needs processing before you can do anything useful with it. The UV system is a diametric opposite, it's slow, it's got terrible resolution, but it's got really good gain, but really good sensitivity. So it's basically a heavily pre-processed high sensitivity channel that gets picked up in parallel to the red channel. And these are very different types of seeing the world. But of course they are both photon counters because they're both only activate when there's photons in the right wavelength, they don't inactivate when there's photons in the wrong wavelength range. So we've got two brightness signals that work in this kind of way, but then we've got the middle two cones. And a while ago, I actually just showed that the two middle cones are completely different, rather than just sensing the brightness of the number of photons, these guys have spectral equivalency. That means that depending on the wavelengths that you use, they go up or down with the activity. And the spectral equivalency is actually so strong that if you give them white light, the up and the down cancel and you get nothing. So these are not brightness sensors, clearly they do something else that these guys. Now, because they are color opponent, the classical textbook idea becomes that these are color-sensitive neurons, they are poor color rigidity. And yes they are, but what is color in the water?  Why do you lose the rainbow? Like it's increasingly monochromatic with distance, meaning that if stuff is far away underwater, it has no color as far as you're concerned. You can't see the color. Whereas if stuff is near, stuff can be colorful. So color underwater is distance. And I think this is a very striking picture that illustrates this. There's nothing magic about this reef here, it's just the reef photographed in the sun. Stuff near you is colorful, stuff far away is not. So if we think about these color channels as distance channels, because of course we're visually involved under conditions such as this, and I just want to illustrate that this is literally what happens. All I've done here is I've taken the red channel and I subtracted an equivalently processed blue channel and you basically get a foreground effect. So if we think of this guy as a distance one, I think things start to become a little bit more sensitive. I haven't put the green one there. The reason I've put it is because there's one extra twist. And that is that the equivalency that Takeshi already described between red and green cones, and this is now looking at the green point here going down, is not just the exponent, it's a time shifted equivalency. There's a delay. Somehow the circuit implements something like a 20 millisecond delay. No idea how that's done, but that's the phenomenon that we get. So what does this distance plus delay do? Well, it does motion. It does a foregrounds enhanced motion computation. It's not a directional motion, but it basically tells you stuff is happening over here. So what exactly these computations contribute, of course, is still something that we need to look at in detail, but it's quite clear that we've got two brightness channels and we've got two pretty complex foreground enhancing sampling channels in the eye. So if we then think of the four ancestral photoreceptors as feature channels, much like we think of feature channels for pretty much the entire rest of the visual system, I think things start to become a little bit more clear. Now, if we go with this and we then take the four photoreceptors and add it to the rocks which came later into this black box model of vision B combined in contrast to the vision B bright behavior, of course, that's not particularly satisfying. It's just another black box model, right? So let's unpack the box. So the first step to unpacking a box is to think about the brightness channels. And what I want to suggest is that the red and the UV photoreceptors, which is the LWS and SWS tone. So these are the ones that humans still have. They're basically two systems that give you a high resolution versus sky sensitivity. Each of these is primarily responsible for some behaviors. Of course, there is cross talk for certain functions, but this is basically the core of vision and by the core of vision, I mean all of vision. And why do I say that? First of all, they count all the photons. So let's go and start. If you look philogenetically and don't worry about which species you are, this is a mammalian bias philogenetic tree of all vertebrates. And hopefully you can appreciate that the red cones and rocks here, they're pretty much always there. The UV cones are almost always there, but the middle two cones seem to be quite optional in the big scheme of things. If we compare between the red and the UV system, it's the red and I don't hear the words for the reason I don't have time to go into it, but I'm thinking they form the same system for a highlight and low light. You can ask me later if you want. If we look across this, for all of these three cones, you will find a species that had lost the cone with no replacement. For the reds and the rods, you will not find the vertebrate that has lost both and can still see. From that you can conclude, I think, is that vision is red cones and that get extended by rod and in some extreme cases, like a deep sea fish, you can actually get rid of the red cone because you've got the rock to rescue you. And there's also the vice versa and some diurnal lizards like a chameleon that don't have rods, but they have the red cones. So vision with our red cones and or rods is not happening in the vertebrate. UV cones is almost the same case, except there are some quirky cases that have lost the UV cones for the left and right. For example, whales, large aquatic mammals have lost the UV cone, but it's a weird quirky thing. Now, what then of the other two photo receptors? They're sitting in the middle that seems to be quite optional, but what I'm going to suggest is that they're not for vision. They're for regulating vision. So the system in the middle that does complicated things, which talks to the primary vision systems in order to regulate them, to make them better, to tune them, to enhance them in some interesting way. Now, how do we test this? So here's adult zebrafish. Adult zebrafish has the four cones and the rods. Problem, of course, is that the rods and the red cones in my model go together. So if you take out the red cones, you've got the rods to rescue, you can't really test anything. But nature is our friend because the baby zebrafish, which I actually much easier to work with in terms of physiology, they don't have the rods yet. They're not developed, meaning that we've got a full cone system. And because it's a baby zebrafish, and we've got all kinds of interesting tools, including importantly the genetics, we can just mess with the system, manipulate it, and we see what we both would get. So a long time ago, and I don't want to go into this at all, we showed that in a series of papers that the UV system is extremely strongly associated in these baby zebrafish with prey capture. Basically, you take out the UV system, those animals don't eat, you need to give them light for them to see the food, gather, gather, gather. So UV, so this system is certainly for prey capture in zebrafish. It might be further things like human bones, they have tested it, whether that's something for the future. But of course, that leaves the other side, the middle and the red, sort of a little bit in the lunch. So let's look at those. So this is now data from Chiara, she's using a technique developed by Philippia, basically looking at this is a lava zebrafish brain, we've got all of these little neurons, each of these neurons is one of the neurons of the zebrafish brain. We're scanning here the two photo microscope in the head, and this is the part of visual space that's aligned with the stimulator that is placed on the side. This is a stimulator that can stimulate, like a projector, but with all of the colors that the zebrafish can see, which includes UV. So here's the experiment. We scan from that regime, we look at all of what all of these neurons do, and we present a bunch of stimuli. Some of the stimuli are simple, some are complicated, but they include importantly moving writings, which is the sort of thing that you might expect to drive white-feared motion behaviors of the motor response, of the kinetic response, the self-severe inflation, that sort of thing.  But it also includes other stimuli, and then we plot what we've got here is the strength of each neuron in terms of the granting response. This is a strong writing response, this is none, and this would be negative, and this is the dot response. So first, we get a lot of neurons that don't respond to granting all dots, and these are again the middle. We're going to ignore those. Now, then we've got quite a large number of neurons that respond strongly to the gratings, and these are summarized here in the histogram, and we've got a handful of neurons that respond to the dots. It doesn't come up with a contrast, but trust me, there are some here, and we've got a histogram here, and we've got a handful of neurons that respond to those. That's a controlled fish. Okay, so what then should happen if we take out the red cone? I think it's quite a striking effect. So we keep the dot response, but the grating response is completely toast. So these animals can't see the gratings, or they at least don't encode the gratings at the level of the brain where we think they should be processed. But then when you take out the green cones, where the gratings are still there, in fact, the grating response is enhanced, and we've lost some of the dot responses, and I think what's happening here is that some of the dot neurons turn into grating neurons because of a lack of regulation.  So maybe they're not so critical for this, but I think where it gets really interesting is you then take out the green and the blue together, turn the fish into a mouse. You basically get no neurons, very few neurons that don't respond to either, and most of the neurons respond to both stimuli, and especially when you get a dot over representation. So basically, you take out this regulator, what I call the regulator system here in the middle, and the visual system disposed bananas. It just responds to whatever it wants to. Okay. So how does this look at the level of behavior? I don't have time to go into this in any detail, but we look at locomotive behavior, and here are some patrol animals, here are the animals when we take out the red cones, they're terrible. And if we compensate for spontaneous behavioral defense that I don't have time to go into, we get no effect in the other two. So it's a very systematic effect that happens. You take out the red cones, the optimal response is terrible, you take out any of the other cones, not much happens. So we do have a lot more evidence that goes in that direction, but rather than talking about that, I want to also talk about the other side of the story, which is how do you build a system that even achieves such a separation between cones and behavioral output. So really what you need to do is you need to take the system here, and you need to map it onto the retina, because that's where it's going to happen. Okay. So if we do that, what we can do is we can map the different retina layers conceptually onto different parts of the model. So the behaviors, let's call them the gang insers and beyond. Let's call all of this in our X, Y plus alpha, right now, of course, photoreceptors, photoreceptors. So if we, and yeah, this is a key thing. So jumping back to the beginning, if the cones are feature channels, but they are spectrally the state, and we know the spectral sensitivity function of the photoreceptor in the live eye. Therefore, if we record any neuron downstream of the photoreceptors, and they have the same spectral sensitivity function as one of the cones, then a reasonable guess would be that that circuit is mainly driven by that cone. But if you get a special sensitivity function that requires mixing those, that's a signature of an interaction between the photoreceptors, right? So based on that logic, we can already, based on what Takeshi showed in the study and Judith's earlier, can already surmise that there's a fundamental interaction between red and green blue up here in the outer retina. Because if you record the synaptic output from these two guys, you don't get the intrinsic photoresensitivity that you would expect based on the obstinacy there, but you get this equivalency in the equivalency specific red, it's not a UV equivalency, right? So you've got a red versus green blue interaction happening up here. But what's happening down here? So this is a nice video that Shin Wei here generated. This basically took a bunch of Bacola cells, so the image Bacola cells in the live eye, because it's now looking here at this layer, looking at these neurons. So each of these blobs is one of these synapses here.  So you can see it's a green flash, and then comes a blue flash, and so on. And hopefully you can appreciate that, depending on the color that we flash, you get different layers activated, okay? And it's importantly realized that this is not just an on-off thing. The wavelengths matter. Different colors will activate different layers. Therefore, the inner retina is spectrally layered. And we've done a lot of work trying to tease this apart in detail, but I just want to give you a sort of punchline overview of how that looks if you just make it static. So all I've done here, and this is not the quantitative way of doing it, is I've taken the right responses, not color them red. The green responses color them green, and I've taken the UV responses and color them green. And that's what you get, okay? So you get a ready, creamy, yellowy layer up here, then you get a lot of short wavelength stuff in the middle, and then you get another yellowy-greeny something in whatever is happening down here, okay? So you've got long wavelengths, short wavelengths, long wavelengths, okay? Why is this interesting? Well, the nice thing about these guardian cells is that they have a tendency of stratifying in particular layers of the inner retina, but they also have a tendency of projecting to particular bits of the brain, and we know which bit of the brain does work, because that's what ZebraFish are being used for in the vision community very much.  This bit of the brain runs pre-culture, yeah, yeah, yeah. So what we can do is we can take the projection pattern in the brain of a guardian cell as a proxy of what that guardian cell does, and then we can check what that guardian cell looks like in the eye, and there's a very nice checkbox that does this, yeah, it comes up in a minute, and we look like, we check what that looks like in the eye, and then we get a second guardian cell, which has a second behavior, innovates different bits, that will go to a different place, and then we can start basically making a behavioral prediction which layer will be, which behavior, okay. So now I just want to show you that for two big behavioral repertoires that the fish has. One is right-field motivation, but this is all of the stuff that we expect the red cones plus maybe the green glues to achieve, and these are the dendritic profiles of all of the most of the guardian cells that are associated with these behaviors, and I hope it's quite clear that the inner set at the top, or in the bottom, or that you've got, yeah. The pre-capture ones look like this, so they're slotting nicely in between. So, we color code these, we call this the pre-capture zone, we call this the white-field motion zone, we put them on top of each other and compare it to the spectral layering of the inner retina that you get in the inside eye, and I think the correspondence is quite striking, yeah. So there seems to be a fundamental way of wiring the photoreceptors using bipolar cells into the inner retina, so that they form particular layers, and the layers are already predetermined to drive specific kinds of behaviors, okay. But there's of course a missing puzzle piece, because it's got the bipolar cells doing all the clever things, and ganglion cells doing all the clever things, but most of the clever stuff that the retina is supposed to be doing is amacrine cells, right. Amacrine cells are these neurons that I haven't schematized in, yeah, they sit and they modulate all of this in complicated ways that no one's there to properly study, because it's just so complicated. So, but what you can do, rather than going one by one to the amacrine cells, which would be a pain, is to just take them all out in one go using pharmacology, because we know which neurons with us they use, so we block them, and if she blocks the amacrine cells, you get that. So notice that it's not all that different, yeah. So what that really tells us is that whatever the amacrine cells are doing, they're not doing that, okay. With one little exception perhaps, is that down here things have gotten a little bit less yellow, and it turns out that if you check which, what is the, how can we explain the spectral response of the amacrine cells, the vast majority of amacrine cells are explained exclusively by right inputs, we don't need any other code. So amacrine cells are not for any of that color jazz, they are for queuing the detailed channel of the retina. There's a handful of amacrine cells that also need to be input, there's a handful of amacrine cells that flip right versus UV, and those are the only major flip that we see in the retina, and really the green, the blue comes down, contributed very much at all to the amacrine cell processing. So we can then surmise and then say the big picture of the inner retina then is that we take red and actually green blue together, we show that in this other paper, and we contrast it to UV. So we can start to not tease apart the computational logic of how you can take these photos and make them do different things. We've got this interaction up here, we've got this interaction down there. Now, I am out of time, I'm sure. Which is why I will not talk about any of these animals, but we do have data on all of them, and I would invite you to ask me later. So for this, I want to acknowledge the people that have done the work, which are all of these wonderful people, these are the funders, and I want to thank you all for your attention. Any questions? Yeah, Tom, underwater, the sun is out and you're on recently shallow water, you've got a problem with plastics, because everything is moving all the time, that really messes up optic flow and object detection and everything. But it turns out that that plastics is not really very much, it's not very spectral, it's just the intensity that goes up and down in an unpredictable way. So if you have a counter-opponency, you could actually basically cancel out that caustics and you could fix a major problem. That's exactly right, yeah. I didn't pay a damn for that question, but that's exactly one of the, I think the key reasons why you need an interaction between a spectrum and a non-spectacular channel in order to drive motion vision. So if you take that away, then your fish is going to respond to caustics in the water, which are basically rip brightness records on the ground and it's just going to go crazy. So you need to know that this is a achromatic versus a chromatic change on the ground in order to not get confused. Yeah, that's brilliant.  But of course, when you use to make a big soup and throw everything in, some of the ingredients are going to be dropped there. I'm not sure that you will use this channel really to try to pull in my sensitivity because the dumb noise is irrelevant in bright light. And basically the reason why they use larger responses is so that they produce the same category voltage response as the green and long way focus centres, which are transfusing more pertinent to each other. That's what happens in flies and running time. But they live above the water. What? At plays and running flies live above the water. It doesn't matter about water. It's just the question of normalizing your games and the rest of the show. The real point about the new channel is that it does have a different context, which not available in green and not that the long the way it is. And the reason why it's blurry is because there's chromatic aberration. So you couldn't have a high resolution green retina and a high resolution new green retina working at the same time unless you tiered them. It's my fault. Yes, I agree with that. Aside from, we should discuss this logo. But aside from that, I don't think you should be allowed to get the work done. Just on the chromatic aberration. That is so, as you say, the zebrafish with the tiered layering of where the photoreceptor sit. And the eyes are so small that the chromatic aberration in the zebrafish eyes basically make it logical for that. Thanks. I mean, there's a lot to talk. I was wondering, are there other cones, these different types of cones distributed differently in the retina? And do those distributions and they are different? Do they match the kinds of tasks that you think that they're performing? Yes, yes, they are. So the before the receptor is specifically in the baby's never fish, it's certainly strongly localised to what we termed the acute zone, which is basically a phobia like region that looks forwards and up. And the fish hunt forwards and up. That's how it is used. So that makes sense. The blue cones go along the horizon, mainly the green cones and the red cones are pretty symmetrical, but not perfectly. They have a tendency for more down than up and probably because the ground is more interesting in the sky. So it makes sense. Thanks a lot.


Aaron you guys often especially early on very hard to come by. What was Ellis doing that made him so effective? Yeah, I mean he had a mix of going and making some pitches when he when he had to You know, I thought in the first and second inning we had some opportunities there and actually hit the ball Well, G smokes the ball to center after the judge double Or e7 whatever and then and then I thought squid had a good at bat where The next inning a runner in scoring position lines out to end the inning So I thought we were having in a couple balls that we hit to the fence and stuff So I thought we were having some decent at bats against them But again just not creating enough traffic against them and he and he was able to make some pitches and and and have a little bit of a mix How much does that wear on an offense after you go inning after inning and you guys just can't seem to get anything going? I mean word We're grinding and in the fight and so I don't really worry about that so much I mean, we got a you know, we've hit up this last week where you know, we haven't You know put up the runs that we expect to Consistently so we got to do that, but I don't I don't feel like it's necessarily that effect or anything I feel like the guys are In the right frame of mind to have the right focus expecting it and we just got to keep at it We just got to keep at it Season what were you staying from him this afternoon? I think I got it Wanda's been effective. What was I seeing from? Yeah, I mean just You know infield in the first hit is it kind of that chopper down the line against them then they you know dump one in another place You know so a little bit a little bit unfortunate today, but probably stuff wise not quite as crisp today Obviously been used a lot lately.  I Don't think so.  Just again, you know similar to the other day when when I hit void in Anaheim against a right just a Just just a matchup that I sided with in that spot, you know with a couple runners out there Down a couple just felt like it was a slightly better matchup But but you know was a close call for me and and would have been comfortable You know if it was Rugi in that spot Go next to Brian Hoke I Thought he I thought he finished the inning pretty well Which was good to see when he started to teeter a little bit there He was able to rain it in I thought execute there those final couple hitters You know, obviously the strikeout to start the inning where with the wild pitch obviously hurt and then You know Hayes Hayes looked like he got fisted and dumped one in and then he walked a guy But it was encouraging to see him after that walk where I thought he was losing the strike zone And then even with the next guy where he's got maybe behind in the count. I thought he I thought he Caught himself and corrected and and executed some pitches there to finish off the inning was which was good to see Dave Lennon go ahead Hey, and we look at these games from the outside and see that the Orioles aren't you know doing very well and think these are teams that you Guys have to make hay against like the Razor at 18 and one against them this year I mean, how do you how do you rationalize that? I know on the outside we have a different view than you guys do But when you struggle against the team that that you know hasn't hasn't performed very well You just chalk it up as kind of one of those things Yeah, I mean look these games are super important and we're trying to win them and you know We got held down enough today. So that's frustrating and unfortunate, but You know, we got a we got a big one tomorrow that we got to grab


Please do not try any of the surgical procedures at home. If you are squeamish, turn off your screens now. We love disgusting videos from the web. Oh, and we've handpicked the worst videos out there. Let's play What The Yuck. It's simple, two contestants, three questions, three disgusting videos, £50 each.  Planetary is workmates Olivia and AJ. Olivia is 23 and a social media guru who's recently just had a rabies job. AJ is 24 and tomatoes make him vom. That's disgusting. If it's that easy to make him sick, I don't think he's gonna last long today. Right, it's time for round one. Watch the clip carefully and wait for the question.  Oh, that's disgusting. Get it out. Oh, it's like a little brain. Olivia is getting a real close look there. Here's the first question. The infection is out, but what does the nurse ask the patient? Do you want to see it? Do you want to touch it or see? Do you want to smell it? That did look weird. I had a weird texture. You can't touch it if you don't see it. So we're both agreeing that we're going for A. Do you want to see it? Do you want to see it? Do you want to see it? Guys, you just won £50. Wicked. These guys are off to a great start. That's £50 in the bank already. Time for round two. Watch this clip and see if you can figure out what it is. Oh, God. Don't be afraid to take a closer look. I know, what is it? It looks like a tooth or something. An animal. I don't like where this is going. So let's hear the question. What do you think this is? A bogey, earwax or sea torches? They've got a bit of blood in the bogeys. Do you not throw nosebleed? I've removed bigger bogeys than that myself. Right, should we go with earwax? Because you just blew our bogey, wouldn't you? B. Earwax. Earwax. Oh, that's disgusting. That's so nasty though. Do you reckon that smells as well?   They've got it right. That's another £50 banked. Let's see if they can make it three out of three. Question three is the classic, What Happens Next? And I've never seen anything like this before. Oh my God. What's that? Is that a vegetable? Oh my God, it's a vagina. Oh my God, that's a bottle of vagina. Oh, that's disgusting. That tattoo's disgusting as well. I've not seen one of them for a long time. This one has knocked them sick and I can't blame them. But the question is, what colour is the pus that comes out? Green, blue or C? Black. But when blood dries it goes quite black. Yeah, that's why I'm thinking black. I've never seen green pus.  Black. C black. You ready to find out? Yeah. Let's watch the vagina again. I feel so uncomfortable. Oh my God. Why should we have that? Three, three, oh my God. We're getting some green stuff out. Not as much as I thought. Watch by his finger when he's pushing.  Oh no, I thought they were going for the jackpot but it's not over yet. There's still a chance to win that £100. All they've got to do is survive the flinch test. Don't look away and don't puke and the money's theirs. It's a piece of piss. It's disgusting. Oh, it's a French. Oh, Princess.  Oh my God. Yes. I wish you would cut that on camera too, right? Puss in. They've done it. They've won £100. Olivia and AJ deserve that, especially after that mouldy vagina. For more clips like that, see you next time on What The Yuck.