Let us continue with the problem of 1 day absorber, a symmetric random walk. We obtained that this problem can be solved by considering a virtual walker just as in the case of a reflector. We showed particularly that the occupancy probability of a site m starting from m naught. Let us say in the presence of absorber is given by the difference between the occupancy probabilities of a free walker. So, that is given as W n 0 representing the free walker.  So, this is the solution corresponding to the case where you have an absorber here at 0 and these are the lattice points on which the random walker moves. So, he starts from some m naught and this is some m this is absorber. We made no assumptions accepting to make use of the fact that the random walker crossing the barrier is killed and therefore, the virtual this process is actually executed by considering the virtual walker and subtracting his trajectory is crossing the barrier. Interestingly now if you put m equal to 0 in this we get result W n absorber 0 m naught equal to W n with free walk minus m naught I am putting m equal to 0 minus W n free plus m naught since the free random walk plus m naught is a symmetric is equal to W n 0 minus m naught that is why it is called symmetric. We obtain since this is true we get for the absorber the occupancy probability at the origin is 0. This is an important boundary condition boundary condition which has an implication and usefulness when we actually move over from discrete to continuous space from difference equations to differential equations where we need a boundary condition and this is obtained without actually imposing that in the random walk problem. Of course, it also says that W n absorber for any m, but starting from 0 that will be 0 because if the walker is starting from 0 is already on the absorber and can never execute a random walk and so, all occupancy probabilities will be 0. To complete this we must we may recall that the free probability or occupancy probability for the free walker is given by the expression which I derived several lectures ago is given by n plus m by 2 factorial and n minus m by 2 factorial and this is to be noted that if n is odd m should be odd and if n is even m should be even or basically n plus or minus m should be always even that constraint has to be met. Now, there are let us understand the implication of a random walker in the presence of an absorber. We know that every time he steps onto the point 0 there is a certain probability of him being lost from the system. So, the matter of importance is how does is the survival probability that is probability of not getting lost into the absorber change vary with the number of steps. For that we have to compute the overall survival probability of the random walker on all by summing up the occupancy probabilities over the overall the lattice points. So, we define survival probability s at nth step starting from the point m naught we can superscript is for consistency sake as in the presence of an absorber defined as m equal to 0 to infinity w occupancy probability in the presence of an absorber from over all sites starting from m naught. So, it is a sum over all sites. So, this means if it was a reflector this survival probability will be always 1 because you should be found in one of the sites. Here since m equal to 0 is a site we have included because we know anyway the probability is 0 there although strictly we can even exclude it and define 1 to infinity, but since the probability itself is 0 it should not matter. So, if you actually now substitute we are going to get this is equal to m equal to 0 there are 2 terms now involving the free random walker that is w nth step 0 m minus m naught equal to 0 to infinity same distribution function, but evaluated at m plus m naught this m. We can simplify it by simply replacing m minus m naught by m prime here and m plus m naught by another m double prime or something and in any case is easy we can write it as if you put m minus m naught as m prime then when n is 0 it is minus m naught to infinity. So, here w n 0 m prime now m prime is a dummy variable. Similarly here it is going to be m prime will vary from plus m naught to infinity w n 0 m prime. We can write it in a slightly more simplified form because we can take the sum up to plus m naught minus 1 here and then from m naught to infinity this term will cancel exactly with the m naught to infinity this of the second term. So, as a result we will be left with for the survival probability at the nth step in the presence of an absorber for a random walker starting from m naught is going to be left with simply minus m naught to m naught minus 1 of w n free m prime where now m prime is a dummy variable. So, basically it is a sum over number finite number of sites corresponding to minus m naught to m naught minus 1 and of course, minus m naught the value at that point is same as the value at plus m naught. So, you can further write the whole sum in terms of only positive indices positive sites. In any case one cannot avoid actually adding over all the sites and if m naught is large it will be formidable to sum over a large number of sites. There is no easy or simpler formula for this expression, but to understand the implication of the survival probability let us take the case of walker starting from let us say m naught equal to 1 itself. The random walker has just started adjacent to the absorber that is here is the absorber and he has started from 1 to etcetera and it is a symmetric random walk. So, probability half and then with the probability half he would have jumped on to 0. So, obviously, we know that in the very first step the probability of him surviving is only half. Interesting thing is how does this probability change now the other half has given him a chance to escape the absorber. So, the interesting question is whether he will eventually escape being trapped by the absorber or ultimately there is inexorably he will be trapped as time progresses and in case he is trapped what is the functional form of decay of his survival probability. So, these are very very important and practical questions you can easily visualize that I am actually not referring to a random walker. I could be referring to a capture by surfaces of particles or adsorption of atoms and gases. So, let us therefore, get a feeling for this considering a case of m naught equal to 1. So, if m naught equal to 1 the survival S n with the absorber for m naught equal to 1 turns out to be you are going if m naught is 1 the upper 1 is 0 and the minus 1 minus 1 is the same as the plus 1. So, it will be 0 let us take W n free walker at site 0 it is a free walker. So, free walker is a probability of being at site 0 plus W n free walker at site 1 there are only 2 turns and we may note that if now n is even probability of being at the odd site is 0. So, it will be only this term is valid. So, if n is even then W n 0 1 is 0. Similarly, if n is odd then W n 0 0 is 0 at an odd step he must be away from the starting point. So, essentially therefore, the survival probability of the absorber starting from site 1 is either W n 0 0 if n is even or W n 0 1 if n is odd. So, very simply we saw that it is a just occupancy probability. So, let us evaluate this and create a table this is for case m naught equal to 1. So, n S n. So, if at n equal to 0 his survival probability was 1 like one can easily see that when n n is 1 in the first step it is a W n 1 that matters and W n 1 now if we note down the or formula W n 0 for example, is going to be n factorial divided by 2 to the power n if you remember it is n plus m divided by 2 factorial. So, m is 0. So, it is n fact n by 2 factorial other term was n also will be n by 2 factorial whole square and W n 1 is going to be again n factorial divided by 2 to the power n here it will be n plus 1 by 2 factorial and here it will be n minus 1 by 2 factorial. Let us remember this. So, at a naught step it is a second one. So, when n is 1 1 plus 1 2 by 2 1 and here no contribution. So, it will be just half which is what we expect. The second step we use the formula of W n 0 here again it will turn out to be half it will be 2 1 4th. So, it is going to be half third step again you will use this. So, if you use the now 3 factorial here and 2 to the power 3 3 plus 1 by 2 and all those calculations if you do you will get 3 by 8 it turns out that the fourth step also will be 3 by 8 and the fifth step if you continue you will get 5 by 16. So, if we just actually calculate the values the survival probability is 0.5 it is 0.5 here 3 by 8 is going to be 0.375. So, it will be 0.375 5 by 16 is going to be 0.3125. So, likewise you can see that the probability decreases survival decreases and it decreases in steps we plot now steps here n equal to 1 2 3 4 and 5 this is n step the probability was 1 here. So, the first step it will be 0.5 is a significant reduction in the first step in the second step also it is 0.5. So, it will come here in the third step it comes to 0.375. So, somewhere here continues to be so at the fourth step then at fifth step again it comes to 0.31 likewise the probability continues. So, we see that the there is a decrease in probability successively, but it appears to be decreasing very very slowly. So, there is a question whether this will finally, lead to some stabilized result some small percentage of survival or then if it goes to 0 then how does it go to 0 to understand these tendencies or so called how persistence effects it is more useful to go to continue a formulations rather than discrete formulations. So, with this in mind we perform the asymptotics of the occupancy probability functions that we had derived for free random walk and examine how the solution behaves. Let us get back to this occupancy probability itself and then again come back to the survival probability. So, we now perform the asymptotic 1 D absorber symmetric or unbiased asymptotic behavior. We had derived earlier that the free random walker distribution W n m has a form for large n and m by using sterling x approximation square root of 2 by pi n e to the power minus m square by 2 n using sterling approximation. We apply this form to the W m with the absorber. So, we can just there are 2 terms of the similar type with the m replaced with m plus m naught and m minus m naught. So, the answer is pretty simple here and then of course, we also continue by replacing m with x. The occupancy probability will now will become probability density. So, that we call it as W absorber x. It will go over to 1 by root 4 pi D t of e to the power x minus x naught square by 4 D t minus e to the power x plus x naught square by 4 D t. So, we arrived at this form by using the following symbols x represented the actual position given by m into L where L was a jump length. Similarly, the time t was nothing but n tau. The steps were replaced with time where tau is the jump time and new parameter got introduced called the diffusion coefficient which is the ratio of L square and tau specifically it is L square by 2 tau. So, with these notations the form immediately we can see that the form will come to what is given in this equation. So, it has all the properties that we saw for example, when x equal to 0 this function will be e to the power minus of minus x naught whole square which is e to the power minus of x naught square divided by 4 D t and the second term also will be e to the power minus x naught square by 4 D t it will be 0. So, it meets the condition that W satisfies W absorber 0 t equal to 0 for all x naught also W absorber x t at x naught equal to 0 that also will be 0 because if you put x naught equal to 0 in this expression once again the terms cancel each other. So, it satisfies all these criteria. We use this to answer some of our questions on the survival probabilities of the random walker in the presence of an absorber. So, we define the survival probability in this case since it is a continuous distribution survival probability. The survival probability S t will be defined as we are talking of the solution in the positive space. So, it is 0 to infinity of W x t d x with the absorber. This is also let us superscript it. So, it involves the integration over 2 Gaussians. We can say that it is integral 0 to infinity of e to the power minus x minus x naught whole square by 4 D t minus e to the power minus x plus x naught whole square by 4 D t d x of course, divided by square root of 4 pi D t. Each of them is actually a Gaussian integral with the shifted peak. So, we make a transformation x minus x naught equal to x prime here. Here x plus x naught equal to x prime. So, this simply becomes an integral of the type 0 to infinity e to the power minus I call it as x prime square by 4 D t. Here now since x equal to x naught x minus x naught will be minus x naught. It will not be 0. You can write it as minus x naught to infinity d x prime divided by square root of 4 pi D t. And the second integral now it will be from x plus x naught is equal to x prime. So, when x equal to 0 it is x naught to infinity e to the power minus x prime square by 4 D t d x prime by square root of 4 pi D t. These are very similar integrals. So, eventually what will be left is a term the Gaussian integrated from minus x naught to plus x naught. And it can be written in a neat form in terms of a very well known function and that function is so called the error function. This whole thing now turns out to be an error function of an argument x naught by square root of 4 D t. The survival survival probability S t in the presence of an absorber where we define the error function for any general argument as 2 by 2 by root pi integral 0 to z e to the power minus u square d u. So, it is a very well known function it is well tabulated in hand books and comes in the theory of error. So, basically it is a cumulative of a Gaussian function say cumulative distribution of a Gaussian function suitably represented. So, the survival probability is proportional to the error function. The survival probability can be plotted as a function of x naught and it shows the behavior that for sufficiently large x x naught the survival probability remains one at a given time. As a time increases of course, the survival probability will become less and less let us say this is for t equal to 1 and this is for t equal to 2. So, particle slowly the survival probability decreases. You can have a plot as a function of time which shows that the survival probability as a function of time at t equal to 0 the survival probability is 1 because it is a r of infinity and as t goes to infinity the survival probability will approach 0 for any x naught. Say x naught equal to 1 for x naught equal to half that survival will happen quicker and quicker, decay will occur quicker and quicker. We use this survival probability to predict many other characteristics of the absorption probability. Thank you.


I'm Cecilia Martinez. I'm a Developer Advocate at Ionic. And Cecilia, could you give us a cliff-nosed version of your journey through Tech so far? I actually did a coding bootcamp at Georgia Tech in 2019. Since then I've been a full-sac developer. I had roles on success teams and now I work in developer relations. So I go to a lot of conferences, talk to developers and help them build things better.


Hello, hello. Hey. Happy to have you all here. After that nice long week of rest, I hope you guys are reared up and ready because we have here with us, Lisa Lisan, of Are You My Cousin? And she's going to be our future guest this week, so. Thanks for having me, Mindy. I'm excited to be here. I'm excited too. I can't wait to get for us to get out into your branches.  I'm going to go ahead and tell the people that our usual watchers out here what WikiTree is, and then we're going to go into your intro, Lisa. WikiTree is a community of genealogists who work together on a single family tree. In other words, we collaborate to grow an accurate global tree that connects us all, and it's free. The WikiTree Challenge is our year-long event, part of our year of accuracy, where each week a team of WikiTrees takes on a genealogy starstree, and we work to make it more accurate and complete than it is anywhere else. Our goal is to improve our accuracy on WikiTree, make more family connections, and make more friends, and that we certainly have. So let's go ahead and take a look at... Oh, look at you, Lisa. Oh, me! Surprise! Surprise! And this, I just pulled a little information there. It says you're passionate about genealogy and all things related to family history. Now, you specialize in North Carolina and Southern Virginia genealogical research through your R.U. MyChasm blog. Provide genealogy researchers with education and out-of-the-genealogy box inspiration for successfully reaching for their ancestors. And I know there's just more and more people out there that are getting into the genealogy bug. They're catching it, and they need all the help they can get sometimes. So go ahead and ask you a question here. Couple of questions. What got you interested in genealogy? Well, that's kind of, it's interesting because it was about this time of year, one year when I got into genealogy. So I actually did grow up knowing all of my grandparents. I knew some of my great-grandparents. I knew a lot of aunts and uncles. So I kind of grew up hearing things, but to be honest, I really wasn't into it as a kid. But years ago, when my children who are actually now young adults in their mid-20s were young, it was August. We live in North Carolina, and it was just, it was too hot to go to, even go to the swimming pool because the water was too hot. So they decided they wanted to Google themselves. So we started Googling and playing on the computer and we started Googling. They wanted to Google them their last name. They wanted to know if they were related to somebody famous, of course. And of course, you know, as children will do. But we did actually find very quickly some relatives. And so we started corresponding back and forth. These were my husband's side of the family and it just took off from there. And I kind of left the kids in the dust, so to speak, but hopefully you'll come back around at some point. They'll come back around to it, but they do, they did periodically. But that's really kind of how it started. Having heard stories, but just never really taken the time to look at it. And so that's really it. I mean, it was that kind of serendipitous that I did it. Yeah, sounds like it.  Oh gosh, I know, that's always such a hard thing. So I would probably, because it changes quite frankly. I think my favorite probably there would be a gentleman by the name of James Harwood. He was my fifth great-grandfather, actually out of Wake County, North Carolina. And I think he's always been kind of my most intriguing and favorite ancestor because he was really, that line was really the first one that I did. I didn't tie into anybody else's research. That was the one that I did. I really cut my teeth on genealogy, learning that Howard family line, learning that the name wasn't always Howard, that it was actually Harwood, and that was one and the same. And so that, he's my favorite. And there's a lot of, I was able to find good documentation on him, kind of solve a couple of mysteries along the way. But yeah, I think I would say he's my favorite. But lately, he'll always probably be my favorite, but I'm really been fascinating with the women in my family tree. I just have such a passion currently over the last year to where I'm really focusing on the women in my family tree and telling their stories. And it's so much harder to find records for them. And especially in certain eras, they really weren't of any importance, unfortunately, although, who was gonna hold the family together if it wasn't the woman there. And I think it's harder to tell their story, but yes, just as important because of that. Now, do you have any interesting stories you wanna share with our viewers? Oh yeah, so one day, I was actually doing some on-site research, which I absolutely love to go to a courthouse to do research or in archives, of course. And I was down in the basement with, my dad had gone along for the trip with me. He is not a genealogist. He's an engineer, which actually is very good because he really makes me prove everything to him because he's got that engineering mind. He's, we're a great team. So we're down in the bottom of the courthouse, the basement of the courthouse. And we come across this grand jury document that one of the courthouse workers, he's a volunteer. He helps, he's there to help genealogists. And it was my fourth great grandparents who were being brought up before their grand jury because they've been living in adultery, committing adultery and living in sin. And so this was dated 1848, but here's the kicker. They've been together since the 1820s. And we had assumed they got married, but I could never find a marriage record for them. But you know, in the 1820s, okay, sometimes you don't find it, we're talking rural Virginia. There's a reason I didn't find that marriage certificate because they never married. And when I found that out, I was able to, I started digging into it. I started getting used to more of the court records to find out what was going on. And sure enough, it was, it is well documented. This couple never married. She was a widow. She apparently was in love with Langley, but he was a gambler and she had some property at that point and she did not want to lose it. And so they had six kids together. I think six, I've lost count, but that mean they had a number of children together. But it was finally when the Halifax County, Virginia, Chancellery court records were digitized by the library of Virginia. When those became available to search online, that was, that's what wrote the case for me. And it is documented record, deposition after deposition, couple never married. Now are these North Carolina relatives? Are they Quakers or? No, no, I actually don't have any Quakers. And this couple was actually in Southern Virginia, but I mean, all these North Carolina, Southern Virginia ancestors, they were crossing that border back and forth. I actually don't have Quaker ancestors, which is when you think about the number of North Carolina lines I have, it's a little bit surprising, but no, mine were typically Protestant. They were typically Baptist, something along those lines. So yeah. Yeah, I only asked cause we've had a few guests so far that have had in North Carolina ancestors, but they were all Quakers. And we're all Quakers. That's, they have incredible records. They just, they really do. And it was interesting to the people that, even before they got married, like they had to have two well-known, spoken of people from the church go and check them out and make sure it's okay for them to get married. And they documented all that. So you had, you had a lot of great records. I know, I often say, I wish they were Quakers so I could have those records. Yeah, I know. I'd like to have some in my tree. I haven't found them yet. Now, when did you first discover a wiki tree? You know, I think I discovered it. I'm honestly, I'm not 100% sure, but I think I discovered pretty early into when it was created, but I never really did a ton over there with it. I was honestly struggling just to keep up with my own tree, with one tree to be able to try to keep it up in multiple places. It was such a struggle. I was overwhelmed with building the blog that I never did a ton with it. Yeah. But I've always known it's been out there. Now, what are your current toughest brick walls? So I'd say one of my toughest brick walls is actually one of my female ancestors. Her name is Joanna Barrett. And the hard part with Joanna is that she was born in 1824 in Ireland. She is a documented Irish immigrant that came over and I kind of narrowed her down to arriving in America around 1851-ish. And she has a daughter, also named Joanna. So that gets confusing. And younger Joanna was born in America. Some records say DC, some say Virginia, some say North Carolina, but those census records, I'm pretty sure are wrong on that. But so I have a birth year on her. So I kind of narrowed it down just to one. I think she ended up over here. But the interesting thing is the family oral history states that Joanna Barrett and her husband, and we don't know his name, came over from Ireland. She was pregnant and had the child when she got here. But it doesn't really line up and because the husband died on the ship, but it's not lining up for me for when I find out. I cannot find anything to support that story. If anything, I'm getting sense that the younger Joanna may have been born out of wedlock. And then the other problem is younger Joanna uses a different surname. Sometimes of lion and I've run all kinds of simulations as far as was the first Joanna, was her surname Barrett. Was that a married name? Was it a maiden name? Was it a first marriage? Was the story of the husband dying on the ship and that she preserved the husband in a pickle barrel or whiskey barrel? That's the only variation in the oral history. Some say it was a pickle barrel, some say it was wrong. And that she say, I don't know what she did with him when she got here, if that's even true, but so I, she's definitely, I cannot figure out how my Irish immigrant ancestor ended up in Surrey County, North Carolina. She married Richard Wilmuth and she is done, I'm 17 degrees from Howard Butterworth. Whoa. So I don't really know, I'm desperate to figure out how she ended up in North Carolina. I don't know where she entered out. I don't know how she ended up there. I don't know if she spent time in Virginia before she ended up in Surrey County. I cannot figure out how she ended up married to William Richard Wilmuth because I cannot figure out where their paths would have crossed to put them close enough. I can't figure out why they were close enough to each other in the same location to be able to do that. She's one of them and then I have another one. His name is Jessie Haley and I haven't looked at Jessie in ages. He's also, he's in Halifax County, Virginia. This is kind of a classic that I hear from a lot of my readers when they'll tell me their research problems. I can document him very well. I can document him that line, that Haley line all the way back in that Halifax County, Virginia area. And it's pretty solid all the way back through Jessie but I cannot figure out who his parents were. You know, I've got his marriage, I've got, I've tracked him through the tax workers. I've literally put him together year by year.  Wow. And then, because I know when he was born but I cannot get him any further back. I'm suspecting that his father may have died when he was very, very young and the mother may have remarried. I'm not 100% sure. Based on some of the records I was seeing and the tax records and where he's listed because there are a lot of Haley's in that area and he does not appear in any of their records. Oh, wow. So something seems off to me. You know, most, a lot of trees, other trees will say, oh, he's the son of or you know, so-and-so and so-and-so Haley and it's, I've never proved it. I mean, I've actually disproved it. So it's kind of, he's just kind of hanging out there and I don't know why. I don't know why he's hanging out there. Okay, now, what about Ms. Emma Della Thomas? Okay, so we were talking about Emma earlier. So Emma Della Thomas is my second great-grandmother and she was married to what we call him grandpa and that's how I give it, Suggs Howard and Alan Suggs Howard. And in my tree on Ancestry, actually, you will see that I have her father. I can't remember where her father is off the top of my head. Oh, her father being shepherd and her mother being Mary. I think that's Mary Thomas. And you'll notice that she takes, she went by her mother's name and that's well documented. We have the family Bible, so we do know that. And so she uses her mother's name. Emma was illegitimate and that is common knowledge throughout the family that's been passed down. She was, it's also confirmed through her birth record that they don't, not a birth record on her death record. Her husband gave the information and he said, I don't know who her father was. Okay, that's all official because there is a lot of oral history among several other Howard lines in that area that state who her father was. His name was Lamar Shepard and that that was common knowledge. Now we have no record of that, no record of that. I have been able to place Emma's mother and her suspected father in the same place. They went to the same church. They buried in the same churchyard. They lived practically beside each other. So I've got a lot of circumstantial evidence, a lot of oral history, but I have nothing that actually proves her. The problem is on ancestry when I did that, it, I know it's confusing probably is because that is old early research and I did not, it's before ancestry had the ability for us to tag our ancestors. So typically I would go through and tag somebody unverified or only known through family stories or I would somehow tag that to indicate that that was an illegitimate birth and what we might know about it. But, and so it's such an old research I hadn't gone back to it and corrected it. So that may have caused some people some issues. Well, it'll give people something to work on along with everything else. I know, I know, okay, something. But we did have some people that definitely had noticed and they were like, okay, so are we missing part of the story or what's going on with it? You're just missing that oral history, so the story and so yeah. And hopefully we can get some of that added into the wiki tree. That is one thing I like is that white space we have. You know, we can get in there and try and bring the people back to life but we can add more details that we find in the sources. We can add research notes. So you can explain things like that, you know, why the surnames aren't matching or are matching. I haven't gone back to look to see if there's any DNA connection there. Last time I checked was just been a long time ago. I didn't see anything, but that doesn't mean there's not something there now that I probably need to go check my DNA reports and see. Yeah, that stuff updates all the time, it's crazy. Now, I was reading your blog on avoiding critical genealogy mistakes in research and that's one thing I learned early on too. Sometimes if the proof isn't there, it's a reason and you really have to just like step back and sometimes start fresh, you know, and look at something with a new set of eyes. Besides that, what is something you would recommend to budding or new family historians? I think if you're just starting out is to, the best thing that I tell you is not to overlook what is already known in your family. I know a lot of times maybe we're not living as close and maybe it's a little hard to get to and it's so tempting and I've done it, you know, hit the major databases online, go through the census records in the vital records and all of that and that's, and definitely do that. But don't overlook what might already be known in the family. So I had mentioned earlier that, you know, when we're talking about my ancestor, James Howard, my favorite name, ancestor. Well, the interesting thing is that surname eventually it waffled back and forth and became Howard on my side of the family. On other sides of the family, it stayed Howard. We have no idea. There was no evidence that anybody sat down and said, okay, yeah, we don't like them. We're gonna be Howard's now. I mean, it literally would flip flop. As late as my great grandfather, that name would flip flop around. And, but nobody had ever told me, I didn't know that. I was researching, so when I finally figured out that this name thing was going on and that we were Howard's, but we were actually Howard's and all that and honestly, I'm not even sure what the original was. I called my mom, I'm like, mom, guess what? Did you know, you know, your maiden name was not always Howard, it was Howard and she went, we didn't tell you that? Do you know how many hours I spent with the only genealogy researcher? But it never occurred to me to ask about that. Right. You know, kind of things. So I would encourage new folks, don't overlook. Don't overlook what is known in the family. It doesn't matter if the oral history is accurate.  I really suspect that might not be true, but it's a great story. People remember it, people know who she was. So it's important to get those little pieces of the puzzle. It sort of tells me something about her because she would have been the one spreading that story probably initially. And so I think she was probably kind of a spitfire, I think. Little firecrackers. Yeah. So that would be one of my big things. And then the other thing that I like to recommend, when you've been researching for a little while in your stop is to stop and go back to your research and basically redo it or reanalyze everything. Because as you get a little bit down the road you don't even have to get that far down to the road of your genealogy and grow in that tree. When you go back to old records, you start to recognize people that, oh, I didn't realize, you know, they were the neighbors in this census or they were the neighbors, you know, wow, they always seem to appear right next to them and all the records. So names that didn't mean much to you in the beginning, make a note of them.  Yeah, and we do definitely try and do, you know, at the very least a whole family approach, get all the siblings and the, you know, all the kids and look at their records too. Because sometimes when you're stuck, those things will pop up and you get to see like those surname changes or all of a sudden the seventh child, you know, for some reason listed their grandmother or something and nobody else did. I mean, you never know what you're gonna find in those records.  They are asking about pictures. We do always ask if you have family pictures that we can use to dress up the profiles on Wicked Tree because we do like to put our bling on. Yeah, yeah, I'm good with that because I don't have any of the, I don't have any photos on my ancestry tree that are not, that are of living people. So that's fine for me. The reason my tree is private around ancestry is because I was working on it and because I was doing some changes with it, I was having people copying the incorrect information. So I was like, oh, it's getting out there. So I always, I mean, I just encourage people and people were actually loading my photos to other people's tree, which I didn't have a problem with but I was like, if you want the picture of my grandmother we probably need to talk. So it was a way, I wanted people, I always, you know, people request I'm happy to give them access to the tree. It's not a problem. Because it was such a tree in progress and things were getting out and getting copied incorrectly that I was trying to keep it as accurate as possible. A little more contained. Yeah, but perfectly, I'm perfectly happy to share my tree. That's not a problem. That would be great. Yeah, and as we're working, we do like to refer to the guest primary tree just to make sure we're not going too far off track. You know, and if we find something where we think, oh, well, she says Tom's wife is this, but we think it's that. If there's a difference like that, then we know to hone in and really get a nice small group of people together and everybody looks at it, you know, to see if there really is a difference or if maybe we just misunderstood one of the sources. So it's really good to have it as a reference. So what do you expect overall out of the wiki tree challenge? I'm really having for some new clues on Joanna Barrett. I would love to get some new clues on that, Joanna Barrett, that Jesse Hayley, those Jesse Hayley lines. And then I have one, you know, my Elliot line is actually, you guys have probably seen that already. I have an ancestor in his name. This is a wonderful name. His name is King Elliot. I loved that, yes. His whole name. So I actually suspect that King was probably, because King is a surname that was common in the area. So I actually suspect that that is like a family name somewhere in there. But yeah, if you guys find any clues for King Elliot. I'd say his parents had big aspirations for him. And then it was a little curious.  Yeah, that's actually just something I had picked up recently. And I think that's a pretty good, but I'm not as, I honestly am not as familiar with that particular line quite yet. It's sort of one of those that somebody had recently found something. And so I was trying it out to see how that was gonna fit in. Yeah, those are just interesting, you know. And sometimes you do wanna find out if it was maybe a family name from further back where you haven't gone back in your branches yet. Exactly, exactly because I have enough Marys and Johns. And you know, I've done, you guys have probably seen it. I think it's pretty, I think I've, I don't know if I've updated everything on the white family line. You guys don't need to look at the white family line just because it's been done. I may not have it all accurate in there, but it's been done quite a ways back, but that one, there were, you know, when you researched John White in Colonial North Carolina in Virginia, that's not fun. I have a research friend and I, he's unfortunately passed away, but he and I worked for years on that one. And we got a long ways back on that one. We were so excited. We had DNA evidence and actually we weren't whites. After all, it was, it was a marriage and the younger, a remarriage and the kids taken a stepfather's surname. So we actually were Sweeney's or Mac Sweeney's. Yeah, and I feel for you there. I have a line, the surname is green. So, you know, you try and look online or in the newspapers and it's like the green fields of, and I'm like, no, that's not what I'm looking for. There are a lot of those down in that, that Surrey, that Halifax County, Mecklenburg County, Virginia area too. And we see first names as green. Oh, wow. I'll see that. I've seen that several times in those early 1800 years. They definitely had interesting ways of picking names on some of them.  We love the connection finer relationship finer and all that. So everybody's been looking, we've all been looking to see how close we are to you. And then, you know. I've been doing that. Pop up, I was like. I've been doing that. Yeah, cause we can go to any profile and say relationship to me and it'll say you're not related or your 14th cousin, two times removed, whatever. Some of them are really distant, but they've improved it recently. So you used to only be able to look within a certain amount of generations and now you can go like way out. I can find out who my 20th cousin is from, you know, I can look at all the presidents and see how I'm related to them. That's just some of the fun things we do. But one of the things that, you know, of course filling out these branches does is it improves the connections. So you might be 14 cousins now, but if we keep making those branches spread out, it might turn out you're really only ninth cousins or fourth cousins. And those matches just weren't on there. Connections weren't on there. So we like to do that. We look at it at the beginning and then we look at the end to see how much closer we got, you know, or if at all. Yeah, that's interesting. It's just kind of a different way of looking at it. It's a lot of fun to do that, I think. I like that the greenberry. Greenberry. Yeah. That's awesome. That reminds me, cause in Surrey County, where a lot of my, well, my white family is migrated out there, there's also a surname that's popular, it's called Snow. And you see names like Frost Snow and Snow White. And I'm just... Right. It's really funny. Yep. Those are really super fun to get into this. Okay, well... After I've looked at enough John Whites in Colonial, North Carolina, it's really nice to get one of the, you know, to get a King Elliott, you know. I know how many people are named King out there. That's got to at least make it a little bit better. This is true, but there's at least one other one in his time period. So I'm this in his area. So that makes me wonder a little bit. Yeah. Again, that strong family lawn out there. And I wonder if the two families knew each other? Were they close enough? I'm always 100% sure. You know, where it kind of comes in, if there was any intermar... You know, I'm not sure where that would have been, but absolutely...  And there was a lot of intermarriage going on. And that's one of those where they were, you know, right across the border, state border. So it takes researching in North Carolina and Virginia, but also it's like two counties on each side of the border. So it's like four counties in two states. And it gets a little crazy sometimes through there. Poor Lizzie, she says, if you have cousins, poor me connected, but not related to anyone. Oh no! You have cousins and you're still part of the WikiTree family, Lizzie. So it's okay. That's right. We're all connected somehow, right? That's right. Okay, well, I'm gonna go ahead and give a little bit of information on the challenge itself now and what we do with it. So we're gonna go over our collaboration now. Collaboration of course is key during the challenge. And that is what WikiTree is all about, collaborating. One of the ways that we do collaborate is to use a spreadsheet like you see on the left. And, you know, we wind up with anywhere from 25 to 35, 40 people working on a tree during a week and from all over the world. So, you know, we like people to please, please remember to list what profile you're working on. And that way somebody else doesn't go in and, you know, try and research the same exact profile and maybe somebody loses their work. So that's really important. On the right-hand side, that's our G2G posts, which is our genealogists to genealogists forum. We put eight great grandparents out there and that way people can go out and list bounty points. If they have a question and they're not on Discord, they wanna put out there sometimes just interesting finds. That's one of the ways that they can do that. And speaking of Discord, that is our biggest way of collaboration. And I don't know what we do without it. We used to use Google Hangouts for WikiTree, but we migrated over to Discord and it's so much more user-friendly, I think, and better features.   So at different times of the day, there's different people in there. And, you know, we cheer each other on or we ask for a second set of eyes. We have people that just are really good at finding obituaries. And so they'll sit there and watch the chat and somebody's like, oh, I'm working on this profile. Can somebody find the obituary? Oh, I got it, I'm right on it. You know, so it's just, it's wonderful. Great way to keep track of everything. And then we have two ways of giving points and it's not all about points, but the point systems help motivate and it also kind of helps us keep track of our progress, you know, how we're doing on the week because we know how we did last week. So we have two ways of earning points. They can do the big points, which are the bounty points and that's 10 points each. And that's for breaking a brick wall, first brick wall ancestor on each line. Ooh. So we want to get lots of those for Lisa. Yeah. And then the other way is individual points for nuclear families. So that would be siblings or children. And those points can really add up, you know, just depending, you get some of these branches where there's just a lot of large families and those points really add up. And then we look at the total scores at the end of the week. So since we did have the week off, we have no MVP to show off here. Sarah Calla, she's one of our members here that also does live cast. And so she's our supposed top one, but we're really not doing a top five. That's just what it would be. And then just to go over things a little bit, for those of you out there, Sheryl says not in alphabetical order. I don't know what I'm missing. Oh, how did Sarah end up first? Yeah, Ben, she made the chart. She made that slide, so. That works. So that's how that worked. For those of you that like numbers, we've been doing this of course since the first of the year. So for 2021, and some of these numbers are really amazing. Now of course, our smallest ancestor list, and so that's direct ancestors attached to a person, was 28, and I think we know which one that one was. Our next smallest list was 58, Daniel Loftus's. Our largest ancestor list, this was incredible. Now some of these people were already on, the profiles were already on WikiTree and we connected to them or we connected to lines that were built out. So it's not like we actually added this many, but Cece Moore, who also did not have a whole lot on WikiTree when she started, she has 3,039 direct ancestors now, which I know is incredible. I had to look at the number twice. I was like, did I pull that report right? Yes, I did. She has a lot. And then the second largest was 2,391, belonging to Connie Knox. So here's the big huge number. Now keeping in mind, once again, this is direct ancestors only, but not just the ones we created during the challenge, the ones we connected to and hopefully improved, 22,483 since the start of the year.  They never cease to amaze me. And that's how many direct ancestors are attached to our guests yet and we're not done with the year. So we still have plenty more fun to do. It's just been really great. And this shows our challenge dashboard. Thank you, Steve Harris. He did a wonderful job of pulling this together. But total edits, now that, Lisa's every time we go in and we change a date or add a source or we do something, that's our edit for the profile and we keep track of those each week. So for total edits, WikiTriers that have volunteered their time, of course this is all free, 87,000 edits. I mean, it's just incredible. So average edits are 3,229. Bounty points, of course, we've broken 549 brick walls now. So that's over 5,000 bounty points. Average bounty points per guest, 211, so 21 brick walls. And you can see the numbers there. It's just incredible. And we couldn't do it without all the participants and also the viewers that give us motivation and keep us going and also without the guests. So, I'll bet she's reminding us, click like for the video. Okay, so does anybody have any other questions for Lisa? I have my thing up, so I'm not sure if anyone went by that I missed. Oh, Ben was pointing out there are about 5,000 profiles with King as the first name. And I thought my guy was so unique. Well, compared to the rest of the world now, that's still. That's right. That's right. That's still not a lot of people, so that'll be great. Yeah, you wouldn't think there would be that many though. That's incredible. I know. Well, dude, that's fun. Well, I think we have got it then and we're gonna go ahead and wrap this up. I wanna thank all of the people participating in this week's challenge. I know you're eager to get out there. Some of them have probably already hopped off and started working on your branches. I don't have a problem with that. I wanna thank you, Lisa, for coming on and also for participating this week and allowing us to do this. Thank everybody watching. And yeah, remind everybody that you can check out wikitree.com and subscribe to receive alerts. So, Lisa, we will see you back here next Wednesday. I can't wait. It's gonna be exciting. It's gonna be hard to wait. Well, good luck, guys. Thank you.