Hello and welcome to NewsClick's International Roundup. Today we look at key developments in West Asia, especially in the aftermath of the U.S. sanctions on Iran. To talk more about this, we have with us Prabir Pulkayasar, editor-in-chief of NewsClick. Hello, Prabir. Prabir, so as we know, the second round of U.S. sanctions in Iran kicked in yesterday. The first round kicked in in August, and that was mainly targeted at its currency, gold trade and stuff. But yesterday was a more impactful once because it targets the oil sector, the energy sector, transport, etc. At the same time, the U.S. has also granted waivers to eight countries from the sanctions, claiming that they have made efforts to reduce oil imports from Iran. So how do you see the relevance of these waivers and what does it also indicate for the global oil supply and economy? As you can see, it's basically a bunch of Asian countries, including Turkey, and then two small economic terms, small countries, Greece and Italy, which are currently importing significant amount of their oil from Iran. If you look at the composition of the sanctions, we'll see that almost 60% to 65% of Iran's oil has not been sanctioned. The amount that we see is, which is still, will have to negotiate the existing sanctions is really the orange one at the bottom. And as you can see, the amount is probably less than 40%, maybe 35% or so. How much of these countries will listen to the United States is an open question. But it is very clear that the sanctions are essentially exempting the larger importers of oil. If you look at who these exporters are, of course, the biggest are China and India. These are the two biggest ones, followed by South Korea, Turkey, the other two big ones. So if you look at all of them, they are also having a certain kind of relations in the United States, except for China, which is in the stage of trade war at the moment. All others are relatively close allies in the United States, except possibly at the moment Turkey, which as you know, there are kinds of tensions so we don't know what they're a part of NATO, but yet they're not so happy with the Russians. So given this, it does not appear that the United States is in a position to really significantly impact Iran's oil exports. And of course, by agreeing to be exempted, because this has happened with negotiations at least with India, then we are also in a situation where there is a complicit-ness of these countries in the sanctions. China I think has been much more outspoken. They have said we are not going to accept the sanctions. Not valid and international law. There is no reason to do it. India, as we know, behind the scenes negotiated on the sanctions, the amount of exemptions, how much they will bring down, all of this is there. The European countries are at the moment, shall we say, the state of flux. They don't know how to negotiate the sanctions. Neither do they know what to do with their economic relationships, because they're all saying they want to be a part of the nuclear deal. They want the Iran nuclear deal to stay. But how much they're going to put their economic eggs, shall we say, in this basket. That we don't know as yet. So that is a big uncertain quantity which is hanging over this economy that we are talking about in which sanctions are biting. One interesting point about the sanctions is while Iran's oil exports, as we can see, has come down, the problem that the United States faces, that in monetary terms, because this also has seen a rise in the oil price, the sanctions have not affected the fact that people have been decreasing their import of oil from Iran. The impact on Iran has not been that significant, partly because the oil price has risen. Now, the question that arises is, if we look at the oil price, what is the elasticity in that market? What will be the export implications? All that we have to see. I think the other issue that is important to realize is the sanctions don't have international obligations. So they, in some sense, are voluntary on the countries accepting the US The real issue for the sanctions has been that the global oil prices, all global oil prices were determined in dollar and all the payments were made in dollar through the SWIFT system. Now, the SWIFT system has essentially a problem that US can impose sanctions on any country, any financial entity which trades through the SWIFT system and can sanction it. And this makes a SWIFT system a problem for settling any oil accounts. This was a problem India had faced earlier. In fact, they had used a Turkish bank to do these transactions. Now, it seems that the SPFS system of Russia, which the Russian Central Bank supports, is also now being used for clearing, shall we say, oil transactions in an international currency, which will then become the ruble for these transactions and they're not routed to the SWIFT system. So I think that's the second element of the coercive nature of US sanctions, which this time is going to weaken because alternative payment gateways have started to appear. And it also seems that China tomorrow can also use the Petro Yuan, which they have been talking about as a currency through which they will also deal with Iran oil imports and oil imports from Iran. But also if you look at a step back and look at the global picture, it also has certain, the sanctions have certain implications on, say for instance, global reserves and global production, because it means that many of the key oil producing countries in the world are right now under sanctions. So what does this imply regarding the rest of supply for the rest of the world? This is the other issue that how much can the United States really bulldoze the global economy in terms of the sanctions, sanctions in Iran. They already have sanctions on Venezuela, which is the largest reserve in the world. They have sanctions in Iran, which is another big player, which has huge amount of reserves. They have also sanctions in Russia. So three major oil or hydrocarbon producing countries are under US sanctions. These are among the top 10. They are three major countries. Then we have Iraq and Libya, which have been destroyed by war and are still essentially countries which are unable even to reach what state they were in before the US invasion of Iraq or the NATO, shall we say, air umbrella, which led finally to the breakup of the country and the killing of Gaddafi. So all of that taken together, the amount of flexibility of the system is only Saudi Arabia being able to ratchet up its production. Now Saudi Arabia therefore emerges as a key player if opaque countries have to increase their oil production, because it's the only country which has the ability to ratchet up the fall of oil from Iran or Venezuela. So given that, how much can Saudi Arabia do becomes a key question. The US has been asking for Saudi Arabia to produce much more, the opaque countries to produce much more, because they want the oil prices to fall, and it's already high. But with these sanctions, with the sanctions in Venezuela, with the kind of trade war they have launched on Russia, what they really do is also creating this artificial scarcity. And their ability therefore to, shall we say, allowing the global economy to grow, not get hit by these sanctions is now much more limited. This also explains why they have been so soft on Saudi Arabia, even after the fact they have taken out Khashoggi, which we have said earlier was an American asset. It was very much a part of what was going on in Saudi Arabia and Turkey, brokering various deals between Qatar, the Islamic Brotherhood, and the United States. So you're sort of acting as a B team of the United States, if the A team, i.e. Saudi Arabia, Israel, acts escape under pressure, then they would have a B team as it were in play. But now you can see why they have been so soft in Saudi Arabia, why they have accepted almost laughable arguments that Saudi Arabia has produced. We didn't know about it. It was few rogue elements who did all this. We don't know where the body is. It's been disposed of. So all of this would also explain why the United States has been soft on Saudi Arabia. And Turkey finally is probably looking how to mend its fences in the United States. So it still has some leeway and also gets some money from Saudi Arabia to counter the effect of the drop of the Turkish money. So given all of this, I think the U.S. sanctions are going to affect the global economy hard. I think it's also going to hit the United States hard. It's effect of in Iran, yes, there will be some effect, but if the oil prices rise, as we said, the effect is going to be lesser. And I think Iran, with its history of weathering sanctions, has the ability to rally the people and weather the sanctions. And I don't think the regime change which the United States wants to induce by creating civil unrest in Iran as a consequence of economic sanctions. I don't think that is going to happen. On the contrary, it may affect its allies in the region more than it affects Iran. So moving on to another area where the U.S.-Saudi collaboration has produced all kinds of problematic results, if you look at Palestine for right now. So last week, the Palestine Central Council, the top advisory body to the PLO passed a resolution saying that asking the PLO to revoke recognition of the Oslo Accords, cancel all treaties with Israel, and also urging President Abbas to not give in to any of Trump's demands. And this is, although this has happened before in 2015 and the body itself has no binding nature, it's more of an advisory body, nonetheless it does mark as far as the Palestinians are concerned another key moment in their protests or their resistance against Trump and what is happening right now. So how do you see this move, especially in the light of the global situation? I think PLO has symbolic importance because it is the body which gave birth to essentially the Palestine Authority. So though the embassies in different parts of the world or present supposedly Palestine Authority, they really represent the PLO because that's the only entity at the end of the day which the Palestinian people would still recognize having shall we say some representative capacity for them. It also represents people outside the occupied territory. So therefore it is not just a body for the occupied territory, which is what it could be argued Palestine Authority is, but it also represents all those who have thrown out of Palestine, historic Palestine as a consequence of establishment of the US state and also the NAGPA, which happened soon after. So given all of this, I think the essential part is that Palestine Authority is trying to flex its non-existence muscle, so to say, because if it wants to really take a position against Israel, then it probably will find itself very difficult to govern the West Bank and they're really governing the West Bank as a kind of occupation forces for Israel because they are the first line of defense of any protest in West Bank. So effectively the Palestine Authority listening to this would be to give up their government or whatever trappings of government they have and say, we now recognize your occupied territory and we will not execute any order you want to follow and you now take over the occupied territories as the legal entity occupying Palestine instead of us becoming your BT. Now that step, the Palestine Authority really walking out of Oslo Accords and saying we shall not govern Palestine in the interest of the occupied West Bank in the interest of Israel, I think is the key issue and there we do not see, apart from making noises, the Palestine Authority really willing to lead the struggle or PLO leading the struggle, which would mean this rupture and this rupture is the one which can make a difference in occupied territories of Palestine. We have also seen Gaza, again bombings are taking place. If there are some rockets which are basically more a sign shall we say of frustration of the Gazan population who are under what has been called open air prison and also conditions which are increasingly a disaster in terms of any index that we can talk about electricity cuts, huge cuts in electricity, water purification is difficult, infrastructure crumbling, food not available, no viable economy in Gaza is possible. If you take all of that into account, the fact that there is frustration is obvious and the fact that Israel is maintaining the outer walls of this open air prison as you called it, this is I think the key issue in Gaza which is sought to be wished away by continuous bombings, sniper fire and other issues. And then of course, the shifting of Jerusalem is to say, well, we will now impose a unilateral quote unquote peace on the territory and with the latest three months back, what was the constitutional amendment? What Israel has essentially said that this state is not entirely ours and we are not going to accept any Palestinian territory over here. So the Bantustan argument which had been given has now been incorporated in the constitution and only issue is how to handle Gaza and therefore the repeated attempts to bomb Gaza, shoot Gaza and protest and so on and hope that the prison guards would become Palestinian themselves. So reduce Gaza into an occupied territory and have the Palestine, like Palestine authority and internal police force composed of Palestinians who then will confront the prisoners. So that's a system they seem to be wanting for Gaza. They have asked the Egypt to take over Gaza. Egypt has still yet refused to do. We'll have to see how this pans out. But yes, while strategically the issues in the region are turning against the United States, Israel and also Saudi Arabia. And this whole NATO in West Asia which is what the United States was trying to do. While that is unlikely to happen, the reality is the Palestinians are paying the most heavy price for this state of affairs that's going on right now. So unless there is a significant strategic shift in balance at the Palestinian positions, Palestinian people will face a very unhappy situation and this is something that how the global citizenry comes to the support of Palestinian people we have to see. But as we have always said in our discussions here, Yemen is the other one which has been also suffering and with the, shall we say, West Asian NATO, Saudi Arabia, United States, United Arab Emirates and Britain all combining to bomb Yemen. So what happens there also we'll have to see. I think these are the two areas which are bearing the brunt of this strategic alliance in the area. Thank you, Poblin. That's all we have time for today. Keep watching Newsweek.


Prince Rodgers Nelson was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range. His music integrates a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, r&b, new wave, soul, psychedelia and pop. He has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time. He won seven Grammy Awards, an American Music Award, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, his first year of eligibility. Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 greatest artists, the most influential artists of the Rock and Roll era. Prince was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota and developed an interest in music as a young child. He signed a recording contract with Warner Brothers at the age of 18, and released his debut album For You in 1978. His 1979 album Prince went platinum, and his next three records Dirty Mind, 1980, Controversy, 1981, and 1999-1982, continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance and rock music. But in 1984, he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain, the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut. It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release, spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide. After releasing the albums around the world in a day, 1985, and Parade, 1986, the Revolution disbanded, and Prince released the double album Sign O the Times, 1987, as a solo artist. He released three more solo albums before debuting the new power generation band in 1991. In 1993, while in a contractual dispute with Warner Brothers, he changed his stage name to, an unpronounceable symbol also known as the Love Symbol, and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations. He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998. In 2000, he began referring to himself as Prince again. He released 16 albums after that, including the platinum-selling Musicology, 2004. His final album, hit and run Phase 2, was first released on the title streaming service on December 12, 2015. Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park Recording Studio and home in Chanhassen, Minnesota, on April 21, 2016, at the age of 57. Early life Prince Rogers Nelson was born in Minneapolis, to Maddie Della, Neisha, 1933, 2002, and John Lewis Nelson, 1916, 2001. His parents were both African-American and his family ancestry is centered in Louisiana, all four of his grandparents came from that state. Prince's father was a pianist and songwriter, and his mother was a jazz singer. Prince was given his father's stage name, Prince Rogers, which his father used while performing with a jazz group called the Prince Rogers Trio. In 1991, Prince's father told a current affair that I named my son Prince because I wanted him to do everything I wanted to do. Prince's childhood nickname was Skipper. Prince has said he was born epileptic and used to have seizures when he was young. He also said, My mother told me one day I walked into her and said, Mom, I'm not going to be sick anymore, and she said, Why? And I said, Because an angel told me so. Prince's sister Tyka Even, usually called Tyka, was born in 1960. Both siblings developed a keen interest in music, and this was encouraged by their father. Prince wrote his first tune, Funk Machine, on his father's piano when he was 7.When Prince was 10, his parents separated. Prince subsequently repeatedly switched homes, sometimes living with his father and sometimes with his mother and stepfather.He then moved into the home of neighbors named Anderson and befriended their son Andre Anderson, who later became known as Andrew Simony. Prince attended Minneapolis Bryant Junior High and then Central High School, where he played football, basketball and baseball. He played on Central's junior varsity basketball team, and continued to play basketball recreationally as an adult. Prince met Jimmy Jam in 1973 in junior high, and impressed him during music class with his musical talent, his early mastery of a wide range of instruments, and his work ethic. Career 1975-1984, beginnings and breakthrough In 1975, Pepe Willie, the husband of Prince's cousin, shouldn't tell, formed the band Ninety-Four East with Marcy Engvoldstad and Kristie Lasenberry, hiring Andrew Simony and Prince to record tracks Willie wrote the songs, and Prince contributed guitar tracks, and Prince and Willie C.O. wrote the Ninety-Four East song, just another sucker. The band recorded tracks which later became the album Minneapolis Genius The Historic 1977 Recordings. In 1976, Prince created a demo tape with producer Chris Moon, in Moon's Minneapolis studio. Unable to secure a recording contract, Moon brought the tape to Owen Husney, a Minneapolis businessman, who signed Prince, age 17, to a management contract, and helped him create a demo at Sound 80 Studios in Minneapolis, with producer engineer David Z. The demo recording, along with a press kit produced at Husney's ad agency, resulted in interest from several record companies including Warner Bros. Records, Ondem Records and Columbia Records. With the help of Husney, Prince signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. The record company agreed to give Prince creative control for three albums and ownership of the publishing rights. Husney and Prince then left Minneapolis and moved to Sausalito, California, where Prince's first album, For You!, was recorded at Record Plant Studios. The album was mixed in Los Angeles and released on April 7, 1978. According to the For You album notes, Prince wrote, produced, arranged, composed, and played all 27 instruments on the recording, except for the song Soft and Wet, whose lyrics were co-written by Moon. The cost of recording the album was twice Prince's initial advance. Prince used the Abe Prince's music code to publish his songs. Soft and Wet reached No. 12 on the Hot Soul Singles Chart and No. 92 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song just as long as We're Together reached No. 91 on the Hot Soul Singles Chart. In 1979, Prince created a band with Andrew Simoni on bass, Dez Dickerson on guitar, Gail Chapman and Dr. Fink on keyboards, and Bobby Z on drums. Their first show was at the Capri Theatre on January 5, 1979. Warner Bros. executives attended the show but decided that Prince and the band needed more time to develop his music. In October 1979, Prince released the album, Prince, which was No. 4 on the Billboard Top Rand Black Albums charts and No. 22 on the Billboard 200, and went platinum. It contained two rent-be-hits, Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad, and I Wanna Be Your Lover. I Wanna Be Your Lover sold over a million copies, and reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 for two weeks on the Hot Soul Singles Chart. Prince performed both these songs on January 26, 1980, on American Bandstand. On this album, Prince used Iknirp Music BMI. In 1980, Prince released the album Dirty Mind, which contained sexually explicit material, including the title song, Head and the song Sister, and was described by Stephen Thomas Erlewine as a stunning, audacious amalgam of funk, new wave, rent-be and pop, fueled by grinningly salacious sex and the desire to shock. Recorded in Prince's own studio, this album was certified gold, and the single Uptown reached No. 5 on the Billboard Dance Chart and No. 5 on the Hot Soul Singles Charts. Prince was also the opening act for Rick James' 1980 Fire It Up Tour. In February 1981, Prince made his first appearance on Saturday Night Live, performing part Yup. In October 1981, Prince released the album, Controversy. He played several dates in support of it, at first as one of the opening acts for the Rolling Stones, on their U.S. tour. He began 1982 with a small tour of college towns where he was the headlining act. The songs on Controversy were published by Controversy Music ASCAP, a practice he continued until the Emancipation album in 1996. By 2002, MTV News noted that and all of his titles, liner notes and web postings are written in his own shorthand spelling, as seen on 1999's Rave UN2 The Joy Fantastic, which featured Hot Wit U. In 1981, Prince formed a side-project band called The Time. The band released four albums between 1981 and 1990, with Prince writing and performing most of the instrumentation and backing vocals, sometimes credited under the pseudonyms Jamie Star or The Star Company, with lead vocals by Morris Day. In late 1982, Prince released a double album, 1999 which sold over 3 million copies. The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation and became Prince's first top 10 hit in countries outside the U.S. Prince's Little Red Corvette was one of the first two videos by black artists, along with Michael Jackson's Billy Jean, played in heavy rotation on MTV, which had been perceived as against black music until CBS president Walter Yetnikov threatened to pull all CBS videos. The song Delirious also placed in the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. International Lover earned Prince his first Grammy Award nomination at the 26th Annual Grammy Awards. 1984-1987, The Revolution, Purple Rain, and Subsequent Releases. During this period Prince referred to his band as The Revolution. The band's name was also printed, in reverse, on the cover of 1999 inside the letter I of the word Prince. The band consisted of Lisa Coleman and Dr. Fink on keyboards, Bobby Z on drums, Brown Mark on bass, and Dez Dickerson on guitar. Jill Jones, a backing singer, was also part of the lineup for the 1999 album and tour. Following the 1999 tour, Dickerson left the group for religious reasons. In the book Possessed, The Rise and Fall of Prince, 2003, author Alex Hahn says that Dickerson was reluctant to sign a three-year contract and wanted to pursue other musical ventures. Dickerson was replaced by Coleman's friend Wendy Melvwan.At first the band was used sparsely in the studio, but this gradually changed during the mid-1980s. According to his former manager Bob Cavallo, in the early 1980s Prince required his management to obtain a deal for him to star in a major motion picture, despite the fact that his exposure at that point was limited to several pop music hits and music videos. This resulted in the hit film Purple Rain, 1984, which starred Prince and was loosely autobiographical, and the eponymous studio album, which was also the soundtrack to the film.The Purple Rain album sold more than 13 million copies in the US and spent 24 consecutive weeks at number 1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The film won Prince an Academy Award for Best Original Songscore and grossed over $68 million in the US. Songs from the film were hits on pop charts around the world, when Doves cry and Let's Go Crazy reached number 1, and the title track reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100.At one point in 1984, Prince simultaneously had the number 1 album, single, and film in the US, it was the first time a singer had achieved this feat. The Purple Rain album is ranked 72nd in Rolling Stones' 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, it is also included on the list of Time magazine's All Time 100 albums. The album also produced two of Prince's first three Grammy Awards earned at the 27th Annual Grammy Award Sandme Dash, best rock performance by a duo or group with vocal and best score soundtrack for visual media. After Tipper Gore heard her 11-year-old daughter Karenna listening to Prince's song Darling Nicky, which gained wide notoriety for its sexual lyrics and a reference to masturbation, she founded the Parents' Music Resource Center. The center advocates the mandatory use of a warning label, parental advisory, explicit lyrics, on the covers of records that have been judged to contain language or lyrical content unsuitable for minors. The recording industry later voluntarily complied with this request. In 1985, Prince announced that he would discontinue live performances and music videos after the release of his next album. His subsequent recording, around the world in a day, 1985, held the number one spot on the Billboard 200 for three weeks. From that album, the single Raspberry Beret reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100, and Pop Life reached number seven. In 1986, his album Parade reached number three on the Billboard 200 and number two on the R&B charts. The first single, KISS, with the video choreographed by Louis Falco, reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, the song was originally written for a side project called Maserati. In the same year, the song Manic Monday, written by Prince and recorded by the Bengals, reached number two on the Hot 100 chart. The album Parade served as the soundtrack for Prince's second film, under the Cherry Moon, 1986. Prince directed and starred in the movie, which also featured Kristen Scott Thomas. Although the Parade album went platinum, under the Cherry Moon received a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture, tied with Howard the Duck, and Prince received Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Director, Worst Actor and Worst Original Song, for the song Love or Money. In 1986, Prince began a series of live performances called the Hit and Run Parade Tour. After the tour Prince disbanded the revolution and fired Wendy and Lisa.Brownmark quit the band, keyboardist Dr. Fink remained. Prince recruited new band members Michael Weaver on guitar, Atlanta Bliss on trumpet, and Eric Leeds on saxophone. 1987-1991, solo again, Sign O the Times. Prior to the disbanding of the revolution, Prince was working on two separate projects, the revolution album Dream Factory and a solo effort, Camille. Unlike the three previous band albums, Dream Factory included input from the band members and featured songs with lead vocals by Wendy and Lisa. The Camille project saw Prince create a new androgynous persona primarily singing in a sped-up, female-sounding voice. With the dismissal of the revolution, Prince consolidated material from both shelved albums, along with some new songs, into a 3LP album to be titled Crystal Ball. Warner Bros. forced Prince to trim the triple album to a double album, and Sign O the Times was released on March 31, 1987. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard 200 Albums chart.The first single, Sign O the Times, charted at No. 3 on the Hot 100. The follow-up single, If I Was Your Girlfriend, charted at No. 67 on the Hot 100 but went to No. 12 on Rand B chart.The third single, A Duet with Sheena Easton, You Got the Look, charted at No. 2 on the Hot 100 and No. 11 on the Rand B chart and the final single, I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man, finished at No. 10 on Hot 100 and No. 14 on the Rand B chart. It was named the top album of the year by the Pez & Job critics poll and sold 3.2 million copies. In Europe it performed well, and Prince promoted the album overseas with a lengthy tour. Putting together a new backing band from the remnants of the revolution, Prince added bassist Levi Ceaser, Jr., keyboardist Boney Boyer, and dancer-choreographer Cat Glover to go with new drummer Sheila E. and holdovers Micah Weaver, Dr. Fink, Eric Leeds, Atlanta Bliss and The Bodyguards, Jerome, Wally Safford and Greg Brooks, for the Sign O the Times tour. The Sign O the Times tour was a success overseas, and Warner Brothers and Prince's managers wanted to bring it to the U.S. to promote sales of the album, Prince balked at a full U.S. tour, as he was ready to produce a new album. As a compromise, the last two nights of the tour were filmed for release in movie theaters. The film quality was deemed subpar, and reshoots were performed at Prince's Paisley Park Studios. The film Sign O the Times was released on November 20, 1987. The film got better reviews than Under the Cherry Moon, but its box office receipts were minimal, and it quickly left theaters. The next album intended for release was The Black Album. More instrumental and funk and rand B-themed than recent releases, The Black Album also saw Prince experiment with hip-hop music on the songs Bob George and Dead On It. Prince was set to release the album with a monochromatic black cover with only the catalog number printed, but after 500,000 copies had been pressed, Prince had a spiritual epiphany that the album was evil and had it recalled. It was later released by Warner Brothers as a limited edition album in 1994. Prince went back in the studio for eight weeks and recorded Love Sexy. Released on May 10, 1988, Love Sexy serves as a spiritual opposite to the dark The Black Album. Every song is a solo effort by Prince, except I Know, which was recorded with his backing band at the time. Love Sexy reached number 11 on the Billboard 200 and number 5 on the rand B-albums chart. The lead single, Alphabet ST, peaked at number 8 on the Hot 100 and number 3 on the rand B chart, it sold 750,000 copies. Prince again took his post-revolution backing band, minus the bodyguards, on a three leg, 84 show Love Sexy world tour, although the shows were well received by huge crowds, they lost money due to the expensive sets and props. In 1989, Prince appeared on Madonna's studio album Like A Prayer, CEO writing and singing the duet love song and playing electric guitar, uncredited, on the songs Like A Prayer, Keep It Together, and Act of Contrition. He also began work on several musical projects, including Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic and early drafts of his Graffiti Bridge film, but both were put on hold when he was asked by Batman, 1989, director Tim Burton to record several songs for the upcoming live-action adaptation. Prince went into the studio and produced an entire 9-track album that Warner Bros. released on June 20, 1989. Batman peaked at number 1 on the Billboard 200, selling 4.3 million copies. The single Bat Dance topped the Billboard and rand B charts. The single, The Arms of Orion with Sheena Easton, charted at number 36, and Partyman, also featuring the vocals of Prince's then-girlfriend, nicknamed Anna Fantastic, charted at number 18 on the Hot 100 and at number 5 on the rand B chart, and the Love Ballad Scandalous, went to number 5 on the Billboard. The rand B chart.Prince had to sign away all publishing rights to the songs on the album to Warner Bros. as part of the deal to do the soundtrack. In 1990, Prince went back on tour with a revamped band for his Back to Basics nude tour. With the departures of Boney Boyer, Sheila E., The Horns, and Cat, Prince brought in keyboardist Rosie Gaines, drummer Michael Bland, and dancing trio The Game Boys, Tony M., Kirk E.J., and Damon Dixon. The European and Japanese tour was a financial success with a short, greatest hits set list. As the year progressed, Prince finished production on his fourth film, Graffiti Bridge, 1990, and the 1990 album of the same name. Initially, Warner Bros. was reluctant to fund the film, but with Prince's assurances it would be a sequel to Purple Rain as well as the involvement of the original members of the time, the studio Greenlit the project. Released on August 20, 1990, the album reached number 6 on the Billboard 200 and rand B albums chart. The single Thieves in the Temple reached number 6 on the Hot 100 and number 1 on the rand B chart, round and round placed at number 12 on the US charts and number 2 on the rand B charts. The song featured the teenage Teevan Campbell, who also had a role in the film, on lead vocals. The film, released on November 20, 1990, was a box office flop, grossing $4.2 million. After the release of the film and album, the last remaining members of The Revolution, Michael Weaver and Dr. Fink, left Prince's band. 1991-1994, the new power generation, diamonds and pearls, and name change. 1991 marked the debut of Prince's new band, the new power generation. With guitarist Michael Weaver and longtime keyboardist Dr. Fink gone, Prince added bass player Sonny T, Tommy Barbarella on keyboards, and a brass section known as the hornheads to go along with Levi Cesar, taking over on guitar, Rosie Gaines, Michael Bland, and the Game Boys. With significant input from his band members, Diamonds and Pearls was released on October 1, 1991. Reaching number 3 on the Billboard 200 album chart, Diamonds and Pearls saw four hit singles released in the United States. Get Off peaked at number 21 on the Hot 100 and number 6 on the rand B charts, followed by Cream, which gave Prince his fifth US number one single. The title track Diamonds and Pearls became the album's third single, reaching number 3 on the Hot 100 and the top spot on the rand B charts. Money Don't Matter Tonight peaked at number 23 and number 14 on the Hot 100 and rand B charts respectively. In 1992, Prince and the new power generation released his 12th album, Love Symbol album, bearing only an unpronounceable symbol on the cover, later copyrighted as Love Symbol number 2. The album peaked at number 5 on the Billboard 200. The label wanted 7 to be the first single, but Prince fought to place My Name Is Prince in that slot, as he felt that the song's more hip hoppery would appeal to the same audience that had purchased the previous album. Prince got his way, but My Name Is Prince reached number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 23 on the rand B chart. The follow-up single Sexy MF charted at number 66 on the Hot 100 and number 76 on the rand B chart. The label's preferred lead single choice 7 reached No7. Love Symbol album went on to sell 2.8 million copies worldwide. After two failed attempts in 1990 and 1991, Warner Brothers released a greatest hits compilation with the three discs The Hits the B-Sides in 1993. The first two discs were also sold separately as The Hits 1 and The Hits 2. The collection features the majority of Prince's hit singles, with the exception of Bat Dance and other songs that appeared on the Batman soundtrack, and several previously hard-to-find recordings, including B-Sides spanning the majority of Prince's career, as well as some previously unreleased tracks such as The Revolution Recorded Power Fantastic and a live recording of Nothing Compares 2 U with Rosie Gaines. Two new songs, Pink Cashmere and Peach, were chosen as promotional singles to accompany the compilation album. In 1993, in Rebellion Against Warner Brothers, which refused to release Prince's enormous backlog of music at a steady pace, he changed his name to, which was explained as a combination of the symbols for male and female.In order to use the symbol in print media, Warner Brothers had to organize a mass mailing of floppy discs with a custom font. The symbol was soon dubbed the love symbol, and until 2000, Prince was referred to as the artist formerly known as Prince or simply the artist. 1994-2000, increased output and the gold experience. In 1994, Prince began to release albums in quick succession as a means of releasing himself from his contractual obligations to Warner Brothers. The label, he believed, was intent on limiting his artistic freedom by insisting that he release albums more sporadically. He also blamed Warner Brothers for the poor commercial performance of the love symbol album, claiming they had marketed it insufficiently. It was out of these developments that the aborted the black album was officially released, seven years after its initial recording. The new release was already in wide circulation as a bootleg. Warner Brothers then succumbed to Prince's wishes to release an album of new material, to be entitled Come. Prince pushed to have his next album the gold experience released simultaneously with love symbol-era material. Warner Brothers allowed the single the most beautiful girl in the world to be released via a small, independent distributor, Belmark Records, in February 1994. The release reached number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one in many other countries, but it did not prove to be a model for subsequent releases. Warner Brothers still resisted releasing the gold experience, fearing poor sales and citing market saturation as a defense. When released in September 1995, the gold experience reached the top ten of the Billboard 200 initially. The album is now out of print. Chaos and Disorder, released in 1996, was Prince's final album of new material for Warner Brothers, as well as one of his least commercially successful releases. Prince attempted a major comeback later that year when, free of any further contractual obligations to Warner Brothers, he released Emancipation, a 36 song, 3 CD set, each disc was exactly 60 minutes long. The album was released via his own N.P.G. records with distribution through Emi. To publish his songs on Emancipation, Prince did not use controversy music as cap, which he had used for all his records since 1981, but rather used emancipated music incorporated as cap. Certified Platinum by the RIAA, Emancipation is the first record featuring covers by Prince of Songs of other artists, Joan Osborne's top ten hit song of 1995 one of us, Bechia by Gully Wow. Written by Thomas Randolph Bell and Linda Creed, I Can't Make You Love Me, written by James Allen Shamblin II and Michael Berry Reid, and La La, Means I Love You, written by Thomas Randolph Bell and William Hart. Prince released Crystal Ball, a 5 CD collection of unreleased material, in 1998. The distribution of this album was disorderly, with some fans pre-ordering the album on his website up to a year before it was shipped, these pre-orders were delivered months after the record had gone on sale in retail stores. The retail edition has only four discs, as it is missing the Kamasutra disc. There are also two different packaging editions for retail, one is a four disc sized jewel case with a white cover and the love symbol in a colored circle while the other contains all four discs in a round translucent snap jewel case. The discs are the same, as is the CD jacket. The Nupower Soul album was released three months later. His collaborations on Chaka Kons Come to My House and Larry Graham's GCS 2000 both released on the N.P.G. Records label around the same time as Nupower Soul, were promoted by live appearances on Vibe with Sinbad and the NBC Today Shows Summer Concert Series. In 1999, Prince once again signed with a major label, Arista Records, to release a new record, Rave UN2 The Joy Fantastic. In an attempt to make his new album a success, Prince gave more interviews than at any other point in his career, appearing on MTV's Total Request Live, with his album cover on the front of the Virgin Megastore, in the background on TRL throughout the whole show, Larry King Live, with Larry Graham, and other media outlets. A few months earlier, Warner Bros. had also released The Vault, Old Friends For Sale, a collection of unreleased material recorded by Prince throughout his career. The Pay Per View concert, Rave UN2 The Year 2000 was broadcast on December 31, 1999 and consisted of footage from the December 17 and 18 concerts of his 1999 tour. The concert featured appearances by guest musicians including Lenny Kravitz, George Clinton, Jimmy Russell and The Time. It was released to home video the following year. 2000-2007, Turn Around, Musicology, Label Change, and 3121. On May 16, 2000, Prince stopped using the love symbol moniker and returned to using Prince, after his publishing contract with Warner Chapel expired. In a press conference, he stated that, after being freed from undesirable relationships associated with the name Prince, he would revert to using his real name. Prince continued to use the symbol as a logo and on album artwork and to play a love symbol-shaped guitar. For several years following the release of Rave UN2 The Joy Fantastic, Prince primarily released new music through his Internet subscription service, npgonlineltd.com, later npgmusicclub.com. In 2002, Prince released his first live album, One Night Alone. Live, which features performances from the One Night Alone, tour. The three CD box set also includes a disc of after-show music entitled It Ain't Over. During this time, Prince sought to engage more effectively with his fan base via the npg music club, pre-concert sound checks, and at yearly celebrations at Paisley Park, his music studios. Fans were invited into the studio for tours, interviews, discussions and music listening sessions. Some of these fan discussions were filmed for an unreleased documentary, directed by Kevin Smith. On February 8, 2004, Prince appeared at the 46th annual Grammy Awards with Beyoncé. In a performance that opened the show, they performed a medley of Purple Rain, Let's Go Crazy, Baby I'm a Star, and Beyoncé's Crazy in Love. The following month, Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The award was presented to him by Alicia Keys along with Big Boi and Andrey 3000 of Outcast. As well as performing a trio of his own hits during the ceremony, Prince also participated in a tribute to fellow inductee George Harrison in A Rendering of Harrison's While My Guitar Gently Weeps, playing a two-minute guitar solo that ended the song. He also performed the song Red House as Purple House on the album Power of Soul, a tribute to Jimi Hendrix. In April 2004, Prince released musicology through a one-album agreement with Columbia Records. The album rose as high as the top five on some international charts, including the US, UK, Germany and Australia. The US chart success was assisted by the CDs being included as part of the concert ticket purchase, thereby qualifying each CD, as chart rules then stood, to count toward US chart placement. Three months later, Spin named him the greatest frontman of all time. That same year, Rolling Stone magazine named Prince as the highest earning musician in the world, with an annual income of $56.5 million, largely due to his musicology tour, which Polestar named as the top concert draw among musicians in US. He played 96 concerts, the average ticket price for a show was US$61. Musicology went on to receive two Grammy wins, for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for Call My Name and Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance for the title track. Musicology was also nominated for Best R&B Song and Best R&B Album, and Cinnamon Girl was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. Rolling Stone magazine has ranked Prince number 27 on their list of 100 greatest artists of all time. In April 2005, Prince played guitar, along with Envogue singing backing vocals, on Stevie Wonder's single So What the Fuss, Wonder's first since 1999. In late 2005, Prince signed with Universal Records to release his album, 3121 on March 21, 2006. The first single was Te Amo Corazon, the video for which was directed by actress Salma Hayek and filmed in Marrakesh, Morocco, featuring Argentine actress and singer Mia Maestro. The video for the second single, Black Sweat, was nominated at the MTV VMAs for Best Cinematography. The immediate success of 3121 gave Prince his first number one debut on the Billboard 200 with the album. To promote the new album, Prince was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live on February 4, 2006, 17 years after his last SNL appearance on the 15th anniversary special, and nearly 25 years since his first appearance on a regular episode in 1981. At the 2006 Webby Awards on June 12, Prince received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his visionary use of the Internet to distribute music and connect with audiences, exemplified by his decision to release his album Crystal Ball, 1997, exclusively online. In July 2006, weeks after winning a Webby Award, Prince shut down his N.P.G. music club website, after more than five years of operation. On the day of the music club's shutdown, a lawsuit was filed against Prince by the British company Hum Publishing, owners of the Nature Publishing Group, also N.P.G. Despite these events occurring on the same day, Prince's attorney stated that the site did not close due to the trademark dispute. Prince appeared at multiple award ceremonies in 2006, on February 15, he performed at the 2006 Brit Awards, along with Wendy and Lisa and Sheila E., and on June 27, Prince appeared at the 2006 BET Awards, where he was awarded Best Male R&B Artist. Prince performed a medley of Chaka Khan songs for Khan's BET Lifetime Achievement Award. In November 2006, Prince was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, he appeared to collect his award but did not perform. Also in November 2006, Prince opened a nightclub called 3121, in Las Vegas at the Rio All-Sweet Hotel and Casino. He performed weekly on Friday and Saturday nights until April 2007, when his contract with the Rio ended. On August 22, 2006, Prince released Ultimate Prince. The double disc set contains one CD of previous hits, and another of extended versions and mixes of material that had largely only previously been available on vinyl record B-sides. That same year, Prince wrote and performed a song for the hit animated film Happy Feet, 2006. The song, The Song of the Heart, appears on the film Soundtrack, which also features a cover of Prince's earlier hit Kiss, sung by Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman. In January 2007, The Song of the Heart won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song. 2007-2010, Super Bowl 41, Planet Earth, and Lotus Flower. On February 2, 2007, Prince played at the Super Bowl 41 press conference. Prince performed at the Super Bowl 41 halftime show in Miami, Florida on February 4, 2007, on a large stage shaped like his symbol. The event was carried to 140 million television viewers, his biggest ever audience. In 2015, Billboard.com ranked the performance as the greatest Super Bowl performance ever. Prince played 21 concerts in London during mid-2007. The Earth tour included 21 nights at the 20,000 capacity O2 Arena, with Masio Parker in his band. Tickets for the O2 Arena were capped by Prince at £31.21, $48.66. The residency at the O2 Arena was increased to 15 nights after all 140,000 tickets for the original seven sold out in 20 minutes. It was then further extended to 21 nights. Prince performed with Sheila E. at the 2007 Alma Awards. On June 28, 2007, The Mail on Sunday stated that it had made a deal to give Prince's new album, Planet Earth, away for free with the paper, making it the first place in the world to get the album. This move sparked controversy among music distributors and also led the UK arm of Prince's distributor, Sony BMG, to withdraw from distributing the album in UK stores. The UK's largest high street music retailer, HMV, stocked the paper on release day due to the giveaway. On July 7, 2007, Prince returned to Minneapolis to perform three shows. He performed concerts at the Macy's Auditorium, to promote his new perfume 3121, on Nicolette Mall, the Target Centre Arena, and First Avenue. It was the first time he had played at First Avenue, the club appeared in the film Purple Rain, since 1987. From 2008, Prince was managed by UK-based Kiran Sharma. On April 25, 2008, Prince performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where he debuted a new song, Turn Me Loose. Days after, he headlined the 2008 Coachella Festival. Prince was paid more than $5 million for his performance at Coachella, according to Reuters. Prince cancelled a concert, planned at Dublin's Croke Park on June 16, 2008, at 10 days notice. In October 2009 promoters MCD Productions went to court to sue him for €1.6 million to refund 55,126 tickets. Prince settled the case out of court in February 2010 for $2.95 million. During the trial, it was said that Prince had been offered $22 million for seven concerts as part of a proposed 2008 European tour. In October 2008, Prince released a live album entitled Indigo Nights, a collection of songs performed live at Aftershows in the Indigo 2. On December 18, 2008, Prince premiered four songs from his new album on LA's indie rock radio station Indi 103.1. The radio station's programmers Max Tokov and Mark Sovel had been invited to Prince's home to hear the new rock-oriented music. Prince gave them a CD with four songs to premiere on their radio station. The music debuted the next day on Jonas's jukebox, hosted by former sex pistol Steve Jones. On January 3, 2009, the new website LOTUSFLOW3R.com was launched, streaming and selling some of the recently aired material and concert tickets. On January 31, Prince released two more songs on LOTUSFLOW3R.com, Disco Jellyfish, and Another Boy. Chocolate Box, Colonized Mind, and All This Love were later released on the website. Prince released a triple album set containing LOTUSFLOW3R, Mpl Sound, and an album credited to Bria Valenti, called Elixir, on March 24, 2009, followed by a physical release on March 29. On July 18, 2009, Prince performed two shows at the Montrue Jazz Festival, backed by the new power generation including Rhonda Smith, Renato Nito, and John Blackwell. On October 11, 2009, he gave two surprise concerts at the Grand Palette. On October 12, he gave another surprise performance at La Seagal. On October 24, Prince played a concert at Paisley Park. 2010-2012, 2010 and Welcome to Tours In January 2010, Prince wrote a new song, Purple and Gold, inspired by his visit to a Minnesota Vikings football game against the Dallas Cowboys. The following month, Prince let Minneapolis area public radio station 89.3 the current premiere his new song cause an effect as a gesture in support of independent radio. In 2010, Prince was listed in Time magazine's annual ranking of the 100 most influential people in the world. Prince released a new single on Minneapolis radio station 89.3 the current called Hot Summer on June 7, his 52nd birthday. Also in June, Prince appeared on the cover of the July 2010 issue of Ebony, and he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 BET Awards. Prince released his album 2010 in July 2010 as a free cover mount with publications in the UK, Belgium, Germany and France. He refused album access to digital download services and closed LOTUSFLOW3R.com. On July 4, 2010, Prince began his 2010 tour, a concert tour in two legs with shows in Europe. The second leg began on October 15 and ended with a concert following the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix on November 14. The second half of the tour had a new band, John Blackwell, Ida Christine Nielsen, and Sheila E. Prince let Europe one debut the snippet of his new song Rich Friends from the new album 2010 Deluxe on October 8, 2010. Prince started the Welcome to Tour on December 15, 2010. Prince was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame on December 7, 2010. On February 12, 2011, Prince presented Barbara Streisand with an award and donated $1.5 million to charities. On the same day, it was reported that he had not authorized the television show Glee to cover his hit-kiss, in an episode that had already been filmed. Prince headlined the Hop Farm Festival on July 3, 2011, marking his first UK show since 2007 and his first-ever UK festival appearance. Despite having previously rejected the internet for music distribution, on November 24, 2011, Prince released a reworked version of the previously unreleased song Extralevable through both iTunes and Spotify. Purple Music, a Switzerland-based record label, released a CD single Dance For Me on December 12, 2011, as part of a club remixes package including Bria Volunti CD single Two Night released on February 23, 2012. The CD features club remixes by Jamie Lewis and David Alexander, produced by Prince. 2013-2016, Three Rediagirl and Return to Warner Bros. In January 2013, Prince released a lyric video for a new song called Screwdriver. In April 2013, Prince announced a West Coast tour titled Live Out Loud Tour with Three Rediagirl as his backing band. The final two dates of the first leg of the tour were in Minneapolis where former revolution drummer Bobby Z. Satin as guest drummer on both shows. In May, Prince announced a deal with Cobalt Music to market and distribute his music. On August 14, 2013, Prince released a new solo single for download through the 3-R-D-E-Y-E-G-I-R-L.com website. The single Breakfast Can Wait had cover art featuring comedian Dave Chappelle's impersonation of the singer in a sketch on the 200s comedy-central series Chappelle's Show. In February 2014, Prince performed concerts with Three Rediagirl in London titled The Hit and Run Tour. Beginning with intimate shows, the first was held at the London home of singer Leanne La Havas, followed by two performances of what Prince described as a soundcheck at the electric ballroom in Camden, and another at Shepard's Bush Empire. On April 18, 2014, Prince released a new single entitled The Breakdown. He re-signed with his former label, Warner Bros. Records after an 18-year split. Warner announced that Prince would release a remastered deluxe edition of his 1984 album Purple Rain in 2014 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the album. In return, Warner gave Prince ownership of the master recordings of his Warner recordings. In spring 2014 he launched N.P.G. Publishing a music company to administer his own music and that of other artists without the restrictions of mainstream record companies. In May 2015, following the death of Freddie Gray and the subsequent riots, Prince released a song entitled Baltimore in tribute to Gray and in support of the protesters in Baltimore. He also held a tribute concert for Gray at his Paisley Park estate called Dance Rally Four Piece in which he encouraged fans to wear the color gray in honor of Freddie Gray. Prince's penultimate album, hit and run Phase 1, was first made available on September 7, 2015, on the music streaming service title before being released on CD and download on September 14. His last album, hit and run Phase 2, was meant as a continuation of this one, and was released on title for streaming and download on December 12, 2015. The first projects to be announced following Prince's death were a greatest hits album, Forever Which was released in November 2016, and an expanded and remastered reissue of Purple Rain for 2017. Illness and Death Prince saw Dr. Michael T. Schulenberg, a Twin Cities specialist in family medicine in Excelsior, on April 7, 2016, and again on April 20. On April 7, Prince postponed two performances at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta from his piano and a microphone tour, the venue released a statement saying he had influenza. Prince rescheduled and performed the show on April 14, even though he still was not feeling well. While flying back to Minneapolis early the next morning, he became unresponsive, and his private jet made an emergency landing at Quad City International Airport in Mullen, Illinois, where he was hospitalized and received Narcan, but he left against medical advice. Representatives said he suffered from dehydration and had influenza for several weeks.Prince was seen bicycling the next day in his hometown of Chanhassen. He shopped that evening at the Electric Fetus in Minneapolis for Record Store Day and made a brief appearance at an impromptu dance party at his Paisley Park Recording Studio Complex, stating that he was feeling fine.On April 19, he attended a performance by singer Liz Wright at the Dakota Jazz Club. On April 20, Prince's representatives called Dr. Howard Kornfeld, a California specialist in addiction medicine and pain management, seeking medical help for Prince. Kornfeld scheduled to meet with Prince on April 22, and he contacted a local physician who cleared his schedule for a physical examination on April 21.On April 21, at 9.43 a.m., the Carver County Sheriff's Office received a 9-1-1 call requesting that an ambulance be sent to Prince's home at Paisley Park. The caller initially told the dispatcher that an unidentified person at the home was unconscious, then moments later said he was dead, and finally identified the person as Prince. The caller was Dr. Kornfeld's son, who had flown in with buprenorphine that morning to devise a treatment plan for opioid addiction.Emergency responders found Prince unresponsive in an elevator and performed CPR, but a paramedic said he had been dead for about six hours, and they were unable to revive him. They pronounced him dead at 10.07 a.m., 19 minutes after their arrival.There were no signs of suicide or foul play.A press release from the Midwest Medical Examiner's Office in Inoka County on June 2 stated that Prince had died of an accidental overdose of fentanyl, at the age of 57. It is not yet known whether Prince obtained the fentanyl by a prescription or through an illicit channel. However, the question of how and from what source Prince obtained the drug which led to his demise is the subject of investigations by several law enforcement agencies.Sealed search warrant was issued for his estate, and another, unsealed, warrant was issued for the local Walgreens pharmacy. Following an autopsy, his remains were cremated. On April 26, 2016, Prince's sister and only full sibling Taycan Nelson filed court documents in Carver County, to open a probate case, stating that no will had been found. Prince's five half-siblings also have a claim to his estate. As of three weeks after his death, 700 people claimed to be half-siblings or descendants. Bremer Trust was given temporary control of his estate, had his vault drilled open, and was authorized to obtain a blood sample for DNA profiling. Prince's cremated remains were placed into a custom, 3D printed urn shaped like the Paisley Park estate. The urn was placed on display in the atrium of the Paisley Park complex in October 2016. Remembrances Numerous musicians and cultural figures reacted to Prince's death. President Barack Obama mourned him, and the United States Senate passed a resolution praising his achievements as a musician, composer, innovator and cultural icon. Cities across the U.S. held tributes and vigils, and lit buildings, bridges and other venues in purple. In the first five hours after the media reported his death, Prince was the top trending term on Twitter, and Facebook had 61 million Prince-related interactions. MTV interrupted its programming to air a marathon of Prince music videos and Purple Rain. AMC theatres and Carmike cinemas screened Purple Rain in select theatres over the following week. Saturday Night Live aired an episode in his honour titled Good Night, Sweet Prince, featuring his performances from the show. Nielsen Music reported an initial sales spike of 42,000%. Prince's catalogue sold 4.41 million albums and songs from April 21 to 28, with five albums simultaneously in the top ten of the Billboard 200, a first in the charts history. At the 59th Grammy Awards, Morris Day with The Time and Bruno Mars performed a tribute to him. Artistry Music and Image The Los Angeles Times called Prince our first post-everything pop star, defying easy categories of race, genre and commercial appeal. John Perrell's Of The New York Times described him as a master architect of funk, rock, randbee and pop, and highlighted his ability to defy labels. Los Angeles Times writer Randall Roberts called Prince among the most versatile and restlessly experimental pop artists of our time, writing that his early work connected disco and synthetic funk while his fruitful mid-period merged rock, soul, randbee and synth pop. Simon Reynolds called him a pop polymath, flitting between funk idyllia, acid rock, deep soul, schmaltz often within the same song. All music wrote that, with each album he released, Prince showed remarkable stylistic growth and musical diversity, constantly experimenting with different sounds, textures and genres, no other contemporary artist blended so many diverse styles into a cohesive whole. As a performer, he was known for his flamboyant style and showmanship.He came to be regarded as a sex symbol for his androgynous, amorphous sexuality, play with signifiers of gender, and defiance of racial stereotypes. His audacious, idiosyncratic fashion sense made use of ubiquitous purple, alluring makeup and frilled garments. His androgynous look has been compared to that of little Richard White and David Bowie. Prince was known for the strong female presence in his bands and his support for women in the music industry throughout his career. Slate said he worked with an astounding range of female stars and promised a world where men and women looked and acted like each other. Influences and Musicianship Prince's music synthesized a wide variety of influences and drew inspiration from a range of musicians, including James Brown, George Clinton, Joni Mitchell, Duke Ellington, Jimmy Hendrix, The Beatles, Chuck Berry, David Bowie, Earth, Wind and Fire, Mick Jagger, Rick James, Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Richard, Curtis Mayfield, Elvis Presley, Todd Rundgren, Carlos Santana, Sly Stone, Jackie Wilson and Stevie Wonder. Prince has been compared with jazz great Miles Davis in regard to the artistic changes throughout his career, Davis himself regarded Prince as an uncanny blend of Brown, Hendrix, Marvin Gaye, Stone, Little Richard, Ellington and Charlie Chaplin. Journalist Nick Cohn described him as rock's greatest ever natural talent. His singing abilities encompassed a wide range from falsetto to baritone and rapid, seemingly effortless shifts of register. Prince was also renowned as a multi-instrumentalist. He was considered a guitar virtuoso and a master of drums, percussion, bass, keyboards, and synthesizer. On his first five albums, he played nearly all the instruments, including 27 instruments on his debut album, among them various types of bass, keyboards and synthesizers. Prince was also quick to embrace technology in his music, making pioneering use of drum machines like the Lynne L.M.1 on his early 80s albums and employing a wide range of studio effects. The Law Times also noted his harnessing of new generation synthesizer sounds in service of the groove, laying the foundations for post-70s funk music. Prince was also known for his prolific and perfectionist tendencies, which resulted in him recording large amounts of unreleased material. Legal Issues Suden Imms In 1993, during negotiations regarding the release of The Gold Experience, a legal battle ensued between Warner Bros. and Prince over the artistic and financial control of his musical output. During the lawsuit, Prince appeared in public with the word slave written on his cheek. He explained that he had changed his name to an unpronounceable symbol to emancipate himself from his contract with Warner Bros., and that he had done it out of frustration because he felt his own name now belonged to the company. Prince sometimes used Suden Imms to separate himself from the music he had written, produced or recorded, and at one point stated that his ownership and achievement were strengthened by the act of giving away ideas. Suden Imms he adopted, at various times, include, Jamie Starr and The Starr Company, for the songs he wrote for the time and many other artists from 1981 to 1984, Joey Coco, for many unreleased Prince songs in the late 1980s, as well as songs written for Sheena Easton and Kenny Rogers, Alexander Nevermind, for writing the song Sugar Walls, 1984, by Sheena Easton, and Christopher, used for his song Writing Credit of Manic Monday, 1986, for the Bengals. Copyright Issues On September 14, 2007, Prince announced that he was going to sue YouTube and eBay, because they hosted his copyrighted material, and he hired the International Internet Policing Company web sheriff. In October, Stephanie Lentz filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Publishing Group claiming that they were abusing copyright law after the music publisher had YouTube take down Lentz's home movie in which the Prince song Let's Go Crazy played faintly in the background. On November 5, several Prince fan sites formed Prince Fans United to fight back against legal requests which, they claim, Prince made to prevent all use of photographs, images, lyrics, album covers, and anything linked to his likeness. Prince's lawyers claimed that this constituted copyright infringement, the Prince Fans United said that the legal actions were attempts to stifle all critical commentary about Prince. Prince's promoter AEG stated that the only offending items on the three fansites were live shots from Prince's 21 Nights in London at the O2 Arena earlier in the year. On November 8, Prince Fans United received a song named P.F. Unk, providing a kind of unofficial answer to their movement. The song originally debuted on the P.F.U. main site, was retitled F.U.N.K., and is available on the iTunes store. On November 14, the satirical website B3TA.com pulled their image challenge of the week devoted to Prince after legal threats from the star under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, DMCA. At the 2008 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Coachella Festival, Prince performed a cover of Radiohead's Creep, but immediately afterward he forced YouTube and other sites to remove footage that fans had taken of the performance, despite Radiohead's request to leave it on the website. Days later, YouTube reinstated the videos, as Radiohead said, �It�s our song, let people hear it.� In 2009, Prince put the video of the Coachella performance on his official website. In 2010 he declared �the Internet is completely over, elaborating five years later that the Internet was over for anyone who wants to get paid, tell me a musician who�s got rich off digital sales.� In 2013, the Electronic Frontier Foundation granted to Prince the inaugural Raspberry Beret Lifetime Agreement Award for what they said was abuse of the DMCA take-down process. In January 2014, Prince filed a lawsuit titled �Prince v Kodira� against 22 online users for direct copyright infringement, unauthorized fixation, contributory copyright infringement, and bootlegging. Several of the users were fans who had shared links to bootlegged versions of Prince concerts through social media websites like Facebook. In the same month, he dismissed the entire action without prejudice. Prince was one of a handful of musicians to consistently deny word al-Yankovic permission to parody his music. Personal life Over the years Prince was romantically linked with many celebrities, including Kim Basinger, Madonna, Vanity, Sheila E., Carmen Electra, Susanna Hoffs, Anna Fantastic, Sherilyn Fenn, and Susan Munze of Vanity VI and Apollonia VI. Prince was engaged to Susanna Melvuan in 1985. When he was 37, he married his 22-year-old backup singer and dancer-mate Garcia, on Valentine�s Day 1996. They had a son named Amir Gregory Nelson on October 16, 1996, he was born with Pfeiffer syndrome and died a week later. Prince and mate divorced in 1999. In 2001, Prince married Manuela Testolini in a private ceremony, she filed for divorce in May 2006. Prince was an animal rights activist who followed a vejan diet for part of his life, but later described himself as vegetarian. The liner notes for his album Rave UN2 The Joy Fantastic, 1999, featured a message about the cruelty involved in wool production. Prince joined the Jehovah�s Witnesses in 2001, following a two-year debate with friend and fellow Jehovah�s Witness musician Larry Graham. Prince said that he did not consider it a conversion, but a realization. �It�s like Morpheus and Neo in the Matrix,� he explained. Prince attended meetings at a local kingdom hall and occasionally knocked on people�s doors to discuss his faith. Prince had needed double-hip replacement surgery since 2005. A false rumor was spread by the tabloids that he would not undergo the operation because of his refusal to have blood transfusions. However, the Star Tribune reported that Larry Graham, Prince�s mentor and Bible teacher, denied claims that Prince couldn�t have hip surgery because his faith prohibited blood transfusions, putting the false rumor to rest, as hip surgery does not require blood transfusions. According to Morris Day, Prince in fact had the hip surgery in 2008. The condition was reportedly caused by repeated on-stage dancing in high-heeled boots. Prince had been using Keynes as part of his outfit from the early 1990s onwards, towards the end of his life he regularly walked with a cane in public engagements, which led to speculation that it resulted from his not having undergone the surgery. As a Jehovah�s Witness, Prince did not speak publicly about his charitable endeavors, the extent of his activism, philanthropy and charity was publicized posthumously. In 2001, Prince donated $12,000 anonymously to the Louisville Free Public Library System to keep the historic Western Branch Library, the first full-service library for African Americans in the country, from closure. Also in 2001, he anonymously paid off the medical bills of drummer Clyde Stubblefield, who was undergoing cancer treatment. In 2015, he conceived and launched Yes We Code, paying for many hack-athons outright and performing at some of them.He also helped fund Green for All. In late March 2016, Prince told an audience he was writing a memoir, tentatively titled �The Beautiful Ones.�


Yr hyn sy'n gwybod y Dechelch yn y bydd, y'r hyn yn ei ddweud y ddechrau'n gwybod. Felly, rwy'n gwybod i'r ffocos o'r Celtic yn Yrysg Mhwythologiaeth. Fy oedd yn gwybod i'r Celtic yn ystod yn y dechydig. Fy o'n gwybod i'r ffocos o'r gwybod, ych chi'n gwybod i'r Yrysg Mhwythologiaeth, maen nhw'n gwybod. Y Ddwyddi Danyn. Y Ddwyddi Danyn, ddod o'r gwybod i'r Ddannu, yn ystod yn Yrysg Mhwythologiaeth. Y Ddannu yn ystod yn y Dechelch yn y Ddod o'r Gwybod i'r Ddannu. Y Ddod o'r Gwybod i'r Ddannu, ddod o'r gwybod i'r Ddod o'r Gwybod i'r Ddod o'r Gwybod, ond rydw i'r cymdeithasol o'r Cyfnodau a'r Cyfnodau. Yr Ydod o'r Gwybod i'r Ddod o'r Gwybod i'r Ddod o'r Cyfnodau, ond rwy'n gwybod i'r Aram oedd, ac nid oedd y gallwn i'r ddod o'r Cyfnodau a'r Cyfnodau. Rhywbeth wnaeth ar gyfer ddod o'r Cyfnodau a'r Aram oedd i'r Aram o'r Cyfnodau a'r Aram oedd. Rhywbeth o'r Cyfnodau a'r Aram oedd diolch o'r Cyfnodau. F hill o'r Dechelch i'w teimlo. Ddod o'r Nweda yn Yrysg ystod yn Yn bydd eich Cyfnodau a'r Aram booli ddim yn Ydod o'r Ddod o'r Gwybod. Rwynt yn gweld, yr oedd ydym iawn gwytwun gtwyr i fynd iddyn ni'n meddylu mewn gwagol er mwyn adẩchion i bwysiglau gwahanol i ddweud, gyda'r ffaith yn adrodd, ymenn o'r arwm gwyrdd, gwirio'r cyffredinol i radio'r arwm gwyrdd. When the physician found out this, though, he murdered his son in an act of jealousy. This is just one small caveat yw y maen o'r wyliaeth o'r Twudu Dhanan. Rhai o'r Twudu Dhanan yn y Ffamoriad, rhaid o'n dyfu i'r bod accommodatione, dysgu a'r cyllid oedd yn gyfnod ar y blyny o'r rhaid o thou o'r cyllido? Rhaid o'r Twudu Dhanan yn gymhau o'r Ffamoriad yn y iawn. A symudon nhw'n dyfodol staffigio i fyfyn, mae'r Twudu Dhanan yn gwybod askingo, wrth gwrs rhaid o'n cynghwun i'r gwybod yn g hawdd yn gael, From my understanding, in general, the two day danin are considered the fifth tribe or people of island and then were replaced by the Malatheians. When the Malaysian or the Malaysian replaced the two day danin were forced to retreat to places like this, forests and other isolated parts of the human realm. One of the main gods of the two day danin is the dagda, meaning yn gofnod, i'w ffyrdd yn ymddangos i'r ffyrdd, ymddangos i'r drwyad. Mae Dagda yn ysgolwyddiad o ffyrdd, ffyrdd, ymddangos a magaidd. A dyna'n meddwl i'r staf o magaidd o'r clump, oedd yma'r gwneud o'r ffordd a'r wneud o'r wneud o'r ffordd. Felly mae'n cael ei wneud o'r byw o'r wneud o'r ffordd a'r wneud o'r wneud o'r wneud. Mae Dagda yn ysgolwyddiad o'r ffordd, efallai eich bod yn ymddangos i'r wneud o'r wneud o'r anhygrifoedd a'r mynd i'r Gaelo Roman God ard, i'w Secholis, rhai i ffyrdd i'r mynd i'r gyda o tyfodol ac oelol o'r ddraen i'r Panfaig I, oedd yn ymddangos. Mae Morrigan efo'r dyma efo'r dyfnodurau a cheltyschol wedi gweld yma'r ffordd, i ffyrdd o'r dynig o'r mae'r ddydd o'r dynig o'r Gaelo, o'r ffordd i'r dynig o'r dimens. Felly, ar gyfer war ac ffordd, The morrigan is often depicted as being a crow and is often referred to as being a trio of sisters. On the night of the Gaelic Festival of Salwyn, a festival that is a precursor to Halloween in many respects, a fire festival that marked the end of summer and the beginning of the dark part of the year, the dagda and the morrigan would come together and that would signify the health and prosperity of the tribe and the fertility of the crops and animals in the year to come. Another important Celtic deity was Llu, often depicted as being a warrior king, a master craftsman and a saviour. One of Llu's sons was Cuckullen, a warrior hero and demigod in Irish mythology. Llu is thought to be a modern interpretation of the ancient Lugos, who is often depicted as having three heads. There is many references to this god today, including the city of Weon in France, which is apparently named after Llu. Brigid is another important Celtic deity. She is associated with poetry, blacksmithing, healing and various other things. Brigid is the daughter of the dagda and she is often referred to as being three separate entities. The phenomenon of describing Celtic deities in three parts, almost like a trinity, is a fascinating feature of Celtic mythology. Cymlif argues that it was essentially a way to add potency and value to what they were saying or importance to what they were saying and what they stood for. But I'm going to delve a wee bit more into other theories as to why these people or gods or deities are often described as having three forms. If you have any input on that, please let me know in the comments below. The religion of the ancient Celts is often described as being Celtic polytheism, meaning they worship numerous gods. In fact, there is reference to over 300 Celtic deities, although they may be the names or they may be names for the same deity. Three important and often cited ancient Celtic gods was Taranus, meaning god of thunder, as the word Taranus probably comes from the Celtic Taran, although I'm not sure if I'm pronouncing that correctly. Another important god was Titatus, meaning god of the tribe, and the third was Esos. Ogwilus was another important Celtic god in ancient times known as the god of eloquence, and there are tales of men having their ears nailed to his tongue, giving his powers of eloquence and persuasion. In Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul, he writes that the Gauls were extremely superstitious, and that they sometimes performed human sacrifices. The sacrifices were performed by the Druids. Julius Caesar also writes that the Gauls believed that there were descendants of Dispatter, the Roman god of the underworld, and that the Gauls also revealed gods such as Apollo, Mars, Jupiter and Minerva. It's hard to say how accurate Julius Caesar's interpretation of the Gauls was, but there may be some credence to some of it. It does seem that he oversimplified a lot of it though for a Roman audience, as Julius Caesar's conquest or commentaries on Gaul was meant to be propaganda for a Roman audience. Julius Caesar's interpretation of the Gaulish Apollo was probably map on us, a Celtic god similar to Apollo. This is just a very quick introduction to Irish and Celtic mythology. It's a massive subject, too much for one video, so please let me know what area interests you the most. I'm planning on producing more videos on Celtic and Irish in Scottish mythology going forward, and it will be interesting to know what area you find the most interesting. Thanks for watching. I'm making more videos that will be out soon. In closing though, I want to leave you with a question. Where does history begin and mythology end? Thanks for watching. Please subscribe and hit the bell to turn on notifications. You can also support this work through buymeacoffee.com and Patreon. All the links are in the description below.


The Niger State government raises alarm that Boko Haram has taken over some communities in its jurisdiction. And having in mind the various attacks that have taken place in the last few days, should a state of emergency be declared in Nigeria. This is PLOS Politics and I am Osao Yee, a Bon. Welcome once again to PLOS Politics. The Niger State government has raised alarms that Boko Haram has hoisted its flags in Kaure and Shiro-Roloko government areas of the state. Governor Bubaka Sani Bilu, while confirming this, also said over 3,000 residents of the affected communities have been displaced by the terrorist. Mr. Bilu further said that he had earlier alerted the federal government but the government has not been proactive. Joining us to discuss this is Ambassador Roy Ohideviye, a military veteran and also Al-Zubay Abu Bakr, a legal practitioner. Thank you both for joining us on PLOS Politics. Thank you, it's a pleasure. Alright I'm going to start with Ambassador Roy. Of course you have a lot of experience in the military space. What's the significance of hoisting a flag? If you remember 2014-2015 there was conversations of Boko Haram being in control of numerous local government areas in northeast Nigeria and then late in 2016 the Chief of Army staff back then Burotai had presented a flag to President Muhammad Abwari signifying that they probably had defeated Boko Haram. So let's start with tell us the significance of hoisting a flag in Shiro-Roloko. What does that mean? Well you know globally a flag is a sign of supremacy, a symbol of supremacy. So every country has these types of flags and is designated to conduct certain specific values that the country stands for. So when you see people hoisting flags or putting on like a barracks it shows that you are taking over supremacy of a certain space that is designated to that authority.  So how worrisome can we describe this if we say that an insurgent group has hoisted its flag in a place as significant as Shiro-Roloko in the United States? Well in the first place let's even forget about Shiro-Roloko because people don't recognize our national artifacts especially you can look at the deserts, the forests, all the museums in Nigeria are abandoned. Now Shiro-Roloko is supposed to be like a tourist center, a place of value for the country. So let me even look at the presence of former President Babangida in that state. Do you know that before the hillside building was built for the president? Do you know how much of surveillance, rakey, reconnaissance that was taking place to secure the whole of the Niger state because that was where he was coming to? And recall that those days there was so much coup d'etat and countercoup. So definitely they must have standard area, they must have a blueprint to be able to lock it down in case of any kind of incursion. So what happens? This is because the man is now old. Where are the people of the states? That state is predominantly exposed so that's why it should be protected. All right now let's bring in Al-Zubay, Bubaka, a legal practitioner and I'm sure you also have a lot of experience with some of this. Quickly also share with us why this should be a national headache for Nigeria, seeing that an insurgent group that we claim to have technically defeated, we of course somehow even celebrated when their flag was presented to President Mohammad Abwari late 2016 has somehow gotten that level of audacity to hoist the flag in Niger state. First of all I agree with the statement made by my colleague. The point is the entire system of the federal government in Nigeria, especially the pretense shown by the ATC in 2016 when they came to power, you know they wrote to power on the basis of pretense, on the basis of the fact that they are going to bring change, on the basis that the President Good Luck Jonathan Drummond was a failure, on the pretense that when they come they will change everything politically in Nigeria but all those things are pretense. They are lies and time has shown that all the things they promised are not true. Even the drama wherein the flag of the Boko Haram was handed over to President Mohammad Abwari was just a pretense. That is why you see the resurgence of the bandits, of the kidnappers, of the headers of the Boko Haram all over the place and it appears that it is getting worse every day. Right from Bournemouth to Ruyobi, Adamawa, Kaduna, Kasuna, Niger, Nassarawa and now Benway, all these steps in 2015 have witnessed only explanation of violence in one name or the other and the federal government is not even serious about tackling most of these issues. Take the issues in the south. The south was calm, the south was peaceful but today agitations by ethnic groups, by people who finished their change, by the 40th posture of this government, there are now agitations that are even becoming violent. But take the north for example, let me cite just two examples for you. In the Kasuna axis, when you take off from Marabangkankara through to Kankara town, to Dammusa, to Dusimah, to Bahsari, to Safana, all these places are not safe. I can assure you that over 100 villages have been sacked and they are not living there. In Kaduna state, right from Tsukun through Kaduna south, through Kaduna north, Igari local government, Benningwari and now Zahria, all these places are unsafe and the escalation of violence is going on and it's increasing and government just stands at Jimbo and it's not doing anything about it. So you see that was a pretend. That Boko Haram flag given to President Muhammad Bahari was just a pretend to show that the change has come. But change is in backward reverse because we move backwards twice and move forward only a half. And that is why Nigeria is unsafe today. If you read the newspapers today, you will imagine or think that Nigeria is at war itself. In Nigeria state, the governor has declared that 50 villages are under today the control of the Boko Haram. So what kind of system are we running? What kind of country are we ruling? What kind of legacy does the president and all these governments, especially modern governments, want to leave to the people? It is a complete mess and people are dying every day. The whole thing is that most of these terrorists even communicate with the government. They tell them what to do, but the government cannot do anything. I believe are free chances, they are not in it, they are just deceiving the people. All right. Hold on, Mr. Abu Bakar. I'm Roy Okidev here. I'm going back to you now. From a military perspective, where do you think that we got it wrong? Do you agree that giving a flag to President Mamadabari in late 2016 was all just pretense? If we supposedly had gotten victory back then, at what point did we take our foot off the pedal and let it get to this point that we're currently dealing with? Nowhere. Okay. So let me come from the area of negotiating with terrorists, negotiating with bandits. Let me come from the area of the de-radicalization process. Do you remember when we were doing de-radicalization, we put a lot of them in affluence, give them chicken and everything, and the soldiers that were dying, we had seen this, and we were hearing stories that they want to be recycled into our military. You remember? Yes. We now started to see bandits because so many of the repentant Boko Haram had and broken out because when they had their internal crisis, some generals broke out and took their men and started Banditry. They recalled, it's just a cycle, it's a visual cycle, recall when Gumi came and they started to negotiate with them, did you hear anything about Boko Haram? No. The Boko Haram kept quiet because they were giving money to the bandits negotiating for ransom, for punishment of people that were kidnapped. So now that you see that every other thing, the services have changed hands and the military is trying to strategize to dissuade the settlement scheme. Now the Boko Haram is coming up, it's just one and the same thing. So I want to look at it from that perspective. Remember in Niger states, a lot of bandits gave back their weapons to the governor. You remember? Now the same bandits, there was a fracker between the ones that have not repented and the ones that were said to have repented. They came into a village that they were looking for one of those that repented. And you can imagine that a dark city claiming states, brandishing weapons in a sovereign country like Nigeria, in a state where a former president resides, it's disarming. Mr. Bubakar, please kindly confirm for us what state you are from. Hello? Yes, go ahead. I want us to confirm what state you are from. The present condition. No, your state. What state are you from? Okay, I reside in Katuna State. Okay, but where are you from? Are you from Katuna State? Katuna State. Oh, you're from Katuna? Okay, so I want you to help us paint a picture of what residents in these areas are living like. What type of fear are they living in? Because a couple of days ago, I saw a video, a short video of a bandit or a terrorist, I'm not sure who he was, simply walking along the streets in one of the northern states with his weapon. And the person who recorded the video was basically saying, look at one of them walking past us. So it feels like there's a freedom that these people have to simply roam around those areas without the fear of being arrested or being killed by our security agents. So give us an idea of what people in Katuna, people in Niger, people in Borno State, what type of fear are they living in currently, seeing that these communities are surrounded and taken over by insurgents. Unfortunately, since 2015, on government spaces in Nigeria, especially in northern Nigeria, have become widened. For example, in Katuna State, if you are travelling to Katuna Town, between Umaraban, Kankara, you go to Kankara Town, then to Entomiti, which is in Tammuta, those people, then to Duselma, then Safana, then Batari, and Kurufi. At a point, most of the villages in this local government had fled to Katuna Town. At a point, the emir of Katuna had to visit most of these ungoverned persons to see whether he can persuade these villages to go back to their villages. But it was impossible.  And they would be moving freely. Sometimes, if they see that you are a man of wealth, they even stop you and ask for money. If you are unable to give them, they deal with you. In Faskeri Town, they come to filling stations with their motorcycles and take fuel without fail. They will be brandishing their weapons. There's something in Tammuta. In fact, one of the tragedies in Katuna State is that one of the leading villages himself a full army. In fact, he holds the title of Searching Full Army in Dungawan Katuna. He was murdered by the bandits. In Tammuta and in Bahadurim, at a point, the village head had to relocate to Katuna. So the entire state remained on government. As last week in Kankara Local Government, you see truck of vehicles, parking people that are regarded as IDFs coming into Katuna State, specifically Zaria and Kuntua areas. It is very, very unfortunate. If you come down to Katuna State, especially Birnengwari, Birnengwari was an economically viable area, not only in Katuna State, but in Nigeria. In fact, it is the leading route to Lagos. Most of the cows transported to the south, especially from the northwest, pass through Birnengwari. Birnengwari was strategic to the economy of Nigeria. But today, Birnengwari is a ghost of itself. If you are asked to travel to Birnengwari from Katuna, you cannot do it. Because hardly does a car pass without being attacked by the bandits. Not only in Birnengwari Town, but in places like Buruku and other villages. If you come close to Katuna Town, which is Igari Local Government, in fact, the closest village to Katuna Town to Igari is Igari Koon. There was complete radial of that village at a point. Then in places like Birnengwari, you cannot even leave. The villagers have left, but the government is doing nothing about this. People are dying every day. People are fleeing their villages. In 10 years, yes. All right, because of time, I think you've painted a very, very good picture of what it really looks like in those parts of Nigeria. For people who haven't visited, who can't visit, who haven't been there in their lives, we live a totally different life here in Lagos and in other parts of the country. But it's really heartbreaking here in what they have to deal with and the fear that they live in. Ambassador Roy, do you think that we can still win this war? Well, let me first say that we are very, very emperors. When I say we, I'm talking about those that have served in Nigerian security agencies. In the years when agencies had the glory that it should have. I remember in those days when we were in the army, we didn't even need to use so much force because there was no human right violation. Once people see the soldiers coming, they behave themselves. But what is happening now is complete seats of leaders. The leaders themselves, they need to take a stand. Nigeria needs a messiah right now. We need someone that we begin to apply penalties. We need someone that begins to disconnect all the connections that keep these people in audacity. We need someone that we look into financial crime and we need someone that we give boldness back to the police, boldness back to the military, boldness to the immigration so that they can take these stations because the kind of blackmail that is going on in the police, in the army, in the Navy, Air Force, is too much. There you see an Air Force pilot who went bomb his fellow Nigerian military where you will see people on convoy for a patrol and they will be ambushed on the road. Do you think the admiral remains the same? Don't you know that the Nigerian police, I know, can contain these people, not even the military, because they are afraid. They are afraid to catch the criminals and the criminals themselves will be walking the streets again tomorrow, attacking them. So many people have been maimed. The same terrorists with the cops and you say you are deradicalizing him. So we need a messiah. We need someone that will take off the whip and slug all the irregularities. We need someone that will take off the whip and look into the judiciary, look into the Senate, the legislature, the corrupt party big whips. Whether they are in APC or PDP, they are corrupt and they are trying to maintain that immunity, but staying in power and abusing our opportunities for peace and economy. Final question to Al-Jubaya Bubakar. You're from Katsina State currently residing in Kaduna. One question that I've seen a lot is based on the reaction of Northerners to what their regions and their part of the country have suffered in the last couple of years. Do you think that they are in any way disappointed in the current Nigerian government? Of course. Nobody is happy today. You need to see the moral of people here. You know, under the constitution of Nigeria, the primary duty of government is the protection of life, integrity and property of citizens. If the government fails in this duty, then there's no need for such a government to continue to exist. And the people here are dumped in their spirits, are dumped in their morals and they are rejected. They are despondent. They don't know what to do. And life is brutish. Life is nasty. Life is short. Life is primitive. Just as Thomas Hobbes tempted it. Unfortunately, the politicians do not look at this issue this way because they are comfortable. Because they are comfortable, they pretend that everything is going well. Despite the fact that the social condition, the economic condition, the political situation, the cultural nature of living of the people is completely eroded. And people are living as if they are no longer human beings. Life means nothing to the people. In the north today, most of the people are not happy. But you see, there's one problem with majority of the ordinary people. Most ordinary people look at issues either from the prison of religion or from the prison of religion or from the prison of Christ or from the prison of how much money that a politician can give them or the supremacy of their political party. And all these things are irrelevant as far as the life of the people is concerned. Absolutely. And that is why we continue to tell people here that if by chance, those of us that will be here in 2023, let's only vote for those people who are credible. People whom we believe can change our fortune. I have said it many times that whether President Muhammad Buhari builds railways from the Atlantic Ocean to charge and cross it from Kuala state to Adamal state, it means nothing to us. So long as our lives and properties are not protected. So, northerners are not happy. We are not happy with what is happening. And we want a genuine change that can bring happiness and prosperity to our people. All right, thank you very much. I'll zubai Abubakar, a legal practitioner. Thank you so much for speaking with us this evening. I truly appreciate it. And Ambassador Roy Oki Devia, a military veteran. Thank you also for your time and for expressing yourself on the program. Thank you very much. It's a pleasure. Thanks for staying with us. We'll go for a short break when we return. The declaration of a state of emergency is called for by the House of Representatives. We'll be right back.


David Long Jr. is having quite a year as the Titans inside linebacker, making play after play 46 solo tackles and leading the team with a couple interceptions right now. But it just seems when something has to happen, David Long Jr. is part of the answer for the Titans defense. He was wired in a game recently and we came away thinking this is a genuine Titan with how hard he plays and how he goes all the time. Presented by Epic Western, take a look at this genuine Titan segment. When did you know that you were gonna have to be a leader on this defense? And you just weren't one of the 11 guys that you got to step up and be David Long, one of the leaders of the Titans defense. I think that just came with my play. It's gonna be great. We can prepare for this. It's time to rock out. Let's go. He was my roommate back when we were rookies, so we got that connection. So I just know that every game he shows up, he's gonna bring that juice. So when that just plays with effort and just wants to win, it's gonna be David Long. I mean, he just shows up every game.  So shoot, I love that energy of dawg. You have to have an emotional leader like that on the field. You know, I'm a little bit older now, so like I'm kind of cool. Got a lot of respect around the leagues, thought of that, but a guy like David, he reminds me of my young self when I was out there talking trash to every single body that came across. Come here. Come here. Let's play for something bigger than ourselves tonight. Think about it back home, let's work. Yo, yo. Come, I told you he was gonna come back. I told you he was gonna come back. AD, let's do it again. Let's do it again. It's easy to follow. I always tell him, like right before the game, I'm like, I'm matching your energy. So he always brings that, brings the juice and gets his hype up for sure. Come on, man. All night. All night, man. He brings all the energy from the first snap to the last snap for us as a defense. So that's something that we all appreciate and we need, you know, as a defense because you gotta have a tone-setter.  I gotta make that play. Hey, I love it, bro. Keep going. Jeanette Morley put together a beautiful genuine Titan piece presented by Epic Western. That was awesome. That was awesome. That's a guy. Okay, you've been the head coach here for five years. He's been with the team for four. You've brought him along. I remember sitting and talking to you in the old office about what you wanted from him and what you saw in him. And he continues to get better. He loves football. He loves his teammates. He's fun to coach. He's competitive. You know, really exactly what we're looking for. I mean, he just, he's instinctive. He's tough as any player on our football team. And he's not the biggest linebacker. Hell, he may not be the biggest safety in the league, but he is, he finds the football and he is not afraid to run into anybody going as fast as he can. And a leader. And it has really improved in all areas. Good Blitzer, love coaching him.