Good morning. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our session on BC201. I hope all of you are doing well. Yes, it's so nice to see all of you are logged in on time. It's nice to be back to our class. Well, today we're going to study all the third chapter. It's more to do on the timeline of information, revivals, restoration and patients. So even before we could begin with that class, can I request one of you all to start the class with a word of prayer. Dear Heavenly Father, we thank you, Lord, for this beautiful day. Thank you, Lord, for this time, this session. Father God, that you have given us. Thank you, Lord, for gathering us together. Lord, to sit at your feet and study and meditate your word. Father God, even as we journey through the book of Acts and study about the revival and about the visitation of the Holy Spirit, the power of the Holy Spirit, the demonstration of the Holy Spirit. Father God, we thank you, Father God, and that you have chosen us, oh Lord. We are privileged, Father God, to study your word in depth. Lord, we thank you for this grace. Thank you for this privilege. I pray, Lord, open the eyes of our understanding, Father God. Let every eye of understanding be open in the name of Jesus. Lord, we thank you and we bless you, Lord. Lord, even as we study, we pray, Father God, to bless. We ask you to bless our dear pastor. Lord, we thank you for bringing her back, Lord, healthy. Father, we thank you, Lord. We pray that, Lord, let your spirit anoint her, Father God, and let whatever she teaches, Father God, may it be your words, Father God. Lord, we thank you and we bless you, Father God. Lord, you are the prayer answering God. Thank you for answering our prayers. And together, Father God, we say this prayer in Jesus' mighty name. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you, Rosalind. Thank you. So today we're going to cover the timeline from this chapter on Reformation, where we get to travel through about 2,000 years of the church history in a chronological way that's been listed in the key events of the lives of people who have impacted the church, especially the early church fathers, the reformers, the revivalists, and the missionaries. We see the purpose into looking into this, looking into the history of the churches for us to learn from the past, to gain an insight and how God's been dealing with this people. And we see how the more of God works from time to time. And also for us to recognize God's pattern of working with the church. So it is for us to understand this. It is important for us to look into this complete picture and recognize how the connection between the Reformation and the Revival and how the restoration of the church was there. And we also see on different missions and the church code. So we must know the history correctly for us to understand and interpret the present. And also it will help us to make the decision for the future. So here we see time and again in the Old Testament how the Father have told us how the things were repeated and where recorded. So God instructed Moses, God instructed Moses to write down everything that was happening between them, how God was moving among the people. So everything was recorded. We see in the book of Deuteronomy chapter 4 verse 9 it says Only take heed to yourself and diligently keep yourself blessed. You forget the things your eyes and see. And lest they depart from your heart all the days of your life and teach them to your children and your grandchildren. So it is very important for us to keep the events recorded. Why? Because it's been instructed by God so that when we record we can teach that to our children and to our generation that is coming. So God's work will be known. So he didn't want us to forget things but then God wants our children and the great-grandchildren to know. So the only way for us to keep them updated is to record the events that are happening. Even we see in the book of Joshua chapter 4 verse 1 to 7 it says and it came to pass that all the people had completely crossed over the Jordan. The Lord spoke to Joshua saying take for yourself twelve men from the people one man from every tribe and he commanded them saying take for yourself twelve stones from here out of the midst of the Jordan from the place where the priests were stood for so you shall carry them over with you and lead them in the lodging place where you lodged tonight. Then Joshua called twelve men. He instructed the children of his tribe to do so. Why did God instruct this to Joshua? What right do you think? So the significant event that took place when Joshua and the twelve tribe of people carried the ark of the covenant when the priest stepped into the river Jordan how the water parted this even to be remembered and this needs to be recorded and be told to the generation who are coming. So God instructed Joshua to pile up that stone a stone of pillar there so that the stone he can be remembered and told to the generation to come how God worked miracles among them. So after crossing Jordan this is what happened God instructs his people to set up a memorandum something that will help succeeding the generation to remember what the Lord has done time and again among them. We also see in the book of Psalms chapter 44 verse 1 to 4. Psalms chapter 44 verses 1 to 4.  Thank you. So your time is over in a minute. Thank you Rosalind. So your time and again we see it is so important for us to remember how God works through our father work through the people of Israel so that the God would do those miracles the God who lived among them is the same God who is living among us the same God can perform a greater miracle with us. So what happens when we read through those stories through those scripture passages the faith has been created in us as a gent there is a faith that is generated with us so that we can apply it to our day to our situation to our circumstance that we are going through our time so these stories will only encourage us and help us to trust in God more and to expect God to move in a similar way or much greater way in our life so with that we will move on to the first century what happened from AD 1 to AD 100 100 so what happened AD is an abbreviation for anodontic which is a Latin meaning in the year of a lord it was referring to the year of Christ birth the early days must be considered as approximate so whatever date, timeline we are going through right now it should be approximately considered because there is no fixed date that we can we can put a point to it and say this is what happened it is also date okay so somewhere between 10 BC and 3 BC we see that Jesus was born back in heaven so in AD 30 or in AD 33 we see Jesus was crucified and he was rose from death and we see that in AD 30 as a reference point to start from death so in AD 30 we see the day of Pentecost that's where in Acts chapter 1 we see the outpouring of the spirit of the 120 disciples and apostles who upper room and how the spirit of the Lord descended on each one in the form of the tongues of fire and how Peter ministered to people filled with boldness and courage and the church was birthed we see the book of Acts covers approximately 40 years from the birth of the New Testament church that is from the day of Pentecost onwards we see 40 years it covers and in AD 44 we see Herod and Grimlock dies in Acts 12 and there is a certain historical date and we later see partners and Paul begins their missionary journey the first missionary journey in Acts 13 and in AD 52 sorry AD 52 Apostle Thomas one of the disciple of Jesus he arrives in India at a place called Malabar and in the Coromandel coast of India and he finds the church there now when Apostle Thomas came to India it was not a very easy time because India is a place where different faith was practiced but when the history says when Thomas came to India the very first time he reached the southern part of India towards the Kerala he did signs and wonders God moved through Apostle Thomas through signs and wonders which made the people of India to believe it and this changed their heart and their mind and they believed in this new God Jesus through the signs and wonders he was able to share the gospel with the people in India and slowly he moved towards Chennai, Tamil Nadu and from there again he started to share the word and later we see the history that he was martyred in the same place in Tamil Nadu and in 8064 we see Nero launches persecution the fire of Rome what happened it was all a setup this fire was not intended to happen as an accident but then it was well planned by the Nero group so in 2066 2068 we see Paul and Peter were put to death by Nero to keep persecution of this fire of Rome they were eventually blamed the Christians were eventually blamed for this fire which was a very devastating fire that destroyed the home so Nero persecuted he put both of them Paul and Peter to death because of this and he used Christians as the human he was the father of persecution you can say during his time he persecuted Christians by allowing them in the Colosse he fed the wild animals with the Christians and then he burned them on the cross put up as a a human torch in his garden and in 8070 we see the Jerusalem was destroyed by the Roman general and the future emperor so we see that Titus, a Jewish revolt against Roman authority and Christians do not take part in this revolt and they relocated to Pella in Jordan and later in 8090 we see the council of Germania which took place according to the Jewish historians Josephus well we also see the Hebrew Old Testament was complete and no more canonical writings were composed after the reign of Lazarus so the Jews in the council of Germania made a firm acknowledgement of the Hebrew Old Testament book as a holy scripture and they confirmed the canon of the Hebrew scriptures okay later we see the book of Revelation was written in 95 and in 8096 to 150 we see the growing and collection into the groups of the New Testament books and during this period all the Gospels and all the Paul's epistles were known and recognized in the church and we see the within maybe 98 Apostle John dies at about 100 years of age again all these are approximate and in 9980 we see the New Testament writings are completed and in the first Christians were reported in Monaco Alicaria and Sri Lanka that means what we see by the first century the Christians have leached out of Jerusalem Christians were known as a religion in other parts of the country now we move on to the second century on page 34 it is very briefly mentioned here I would request each of y'all to please go through it in the notes and understand the process so what happened in the second century we see the persecution has been continued what was happening in the early church is still been continued as a persecution and also in the second century is where we see the disease and which was a major danger within the church so the church need to address these heresies so what are those heresies similar to the new age which we also see now those days they have Gnosticism we see Gnosticism what is Gnosticism anyone in the class yes please I think this is brought about by Greek thinking you see in the world there were two types of thinking then there was the Hebrew thinking and the Hebrews took like took time to be linear but the Greeks the Greek thought of life to be two dimension they took and to be completely separate from good so they thought that they were thinking that Jesus Christ could not have been both man and God so they were thinking that God is all good he cannot mix with evil and they thought that man is all evil he cannot be good that is the brief thing I can say Pastor thank you yes so Gnosticism consider the principal element of salvation so they have this direct knowledge of the superiority which is in form of mystical or erosical inside so many Gnostic texts tell not in the concept of sin and repentance but with illusions and enlightenment so they had their own teaching and this teaching was trying to spread and flourish among the Christian groups in the Mediterranean world and this was happening this was birth in the second century and we see the early church fathers had to stand against such erosies or teachings that was spread by these people and they had to re-instruct the gospel they didn't go about preaching against Gnosticism but they went on went on teaching the word teaching the right gospel to people so that the people can understand the right from next we see Marconism Marconism was an attempt to reduce the scriptures both the Hebrew and the Christian scriptures to a few select books and we also see Pontanism Pontanism was kind of again a charismatic moment that went astray with new revelation and prophecies and judgments on the other hand which they came up with so it was an institutionalized religion which was practiced by certain group or certain member who lived by a rule that requires and works beyond those of the early ladies so what happened they went on spreading this they first applied to a certain Christian group and then it started they started using Gnosticism among those set of groups though it is not this is in the religion such as the other religion that was present those days like Buddhism or Hinduism or chainism but then they started to introduce this monasticism and practice among the Green Monachos so this aspect of monasticism does not extend beyond the culture or the language or that or the religious terminology of so called Abrahamic but then they did try to implement among the group later we see in 807 Polycarp appointed Bishop of Smyrna was a disciple of Apostle John and appointed Bishop of Smyrna so he was one of the leader who fought against all these heresies that was coming up we can study in detail about Polycarp in the next class and in 808 Ignatius of Antioch the early church father first give me a minute so the Ignatius of Antioch what happened he was a student again Apostle John the Apostle lived long so this provided an insight teaching to the early church where he also wrote the seven letters to the churches which has been preserved covering several matters including the heresies and the deity of Christ and the Lord stable the structure of the local church with the other bishops and the deacons where formed at those days and we see in 8125 he talks about the heresies the early church apologetics why was it needed yes to defend the gospel against the heresies that was arising so heresies wrote the book of apologetics and he defended the faith and he presented to the emperor of Hadrian just give me a minute please thank you so much sorry about it yeah some video setting okay cool is there any comments okay so in 8150 to 8190 we see the compiling of the canon where the books of the New Testament were selected and compiled together and later we see in what is going through the numbers from this book the timeline we are on page 35 you can go through it on your own in AD 150 we see the old Latin version of the Bible was made available based on the translation on the Greek Septuagint and in 155 we see just in Martha writes his first apology and then in 55 we see Bishop Paulic up martyr at the age 84 so this martyrdom is around 155 so we need to see I would request y'all to take and read a detailed version read about Paulic up and the nature of Antioch is very important these two people I want y'all to please have your personal research done and study on these two fathers so what happened was the story of the martyrdom is preserved by the Eusebias in the early church the history of the early church through AD 323 and later we see about Irenaeus the father of Lugton yeah so Irenaeus was born in 120 to 140 in Asia Minor and he died in 200 or 280 and that birth date is known Irenaeus was born of three parents in Asia Minor so his own works established a few biographical points such as that he as a child heard and saw Podicar the last known living connection with the apostle John so before that age Christians were martyred in 155 AD so we see Eusebias of Caesar also notes that after the persecution Irenaeus succeeded the martyr of Popinius as the bishop of Lugtonan according to Eusebias who wrote a history of the church in 4th century we see that Irenaeus prior to becoming bishop had served as a missionary to southern and as a peacemaker among the churches of Asia Minor had been disrupted by an heresy so they were so the yeah so in this era we see that Irenaeus lived and was time of expansion and inner tensions in the church so in many cases we see that Irenaeus acted as a mediator between various containing factions the church of Asia Minor continued to celebrate Easter on the same day and you know like the Passover according to the Jews when they had celebrated and there were many other dates they had to commemorate according to that so Irenaeus adopted a totally negative and unresponsive attitude towards Marion who was another leader in Rome towards Gnosticism he wants to come against this type of heresy so there were a lot of ups and downs in the church so they had to correct it and stand against those heresies so we see Irenaeus asserted in a very positive manner later validating the Hebrew Bible that is the Old Testament which Gnostic denied claiming that it is upheld the law of the Creator God of God though Irenaeus did not actually refer to two testaments one old and one new he prepared a way for this terminology he asserted and evaluated the two testaments as a time when concerned for the unity and difference between the two parts of the Bible that was developing so we see the works that he claimed to come against the heresies was he was reiterating the possible the teaching of the apostles which he received directly from the apostles of John with that we will move on to Clement of Alexandria so Clement of Alexandria was a Latin given to Titus Flogius Clement he was born in 150 AD or because these dates are not to accurate as we know so it says 190 to 280 and yeah so he was a Christian theologian teaches new Christian in Alexandria so he wrote three books to expound his teaching on the Christian faith so we see that during his time the 4th century bishop he was the 4th century bishop and the parents of Clement's were Athenian pagans so there is little significant information about his early life so as a student Clement traveled to various centers of learning in Italy and in the eastern Mediterranean area and he converted to Christian by his last teacher who reputedly a former static philosopher and the first recorded president of the Christian Catholicist school of Alexandria at Alexandria so Clement succeeded his mentor and he headed the school in one okay I don't want to give you the dates because the dates were no way matching so during the next two decades Clement was an intellectually leader of the Alexandria and Christian community so he wrote several ethical and theological works and biblical commentaries to come against the Gnostic heresies in those periods in politics with the Christian who raised the speeches of an intellectualized Christianity and he educated people who later became a theological and the ecclesiastical leaders like Alexander the great or the bishop of Jerusalem so he educated and raised many leaders who can come against such these in future yeah just give me a minute sorry and with that we have done almost with the 2nd century we will move on to the 3rd century maybe 200 or 1 to maybe 300 here we see many leaders who were raised in the first Christian state of Turkey who find about the Turkey leader like Edison and then we see in 220 Turkey in just give me a minute okay Turkey and we see Oregon in AB 245 and then AB 248 we see 1000th anniversary of Rome yet all is not very joyous there still there is a threat increasing and in 250 we see Emperor Daesh is there and then in maybe 300 we see about a man called Anthony the great Anthony the great or Anthony of Egypt we need to learn more about it yeah because this is the period where we see they called the monk the monastery was birthed and the box the box where started we see Anthony the great in AD 251 to 356 Anthony the great or Anthony of Egypt goes into a desert as a hermit and yeah we so it is a religious hermit and one of the earliest desert fathers they were known as desert fathers and they considered the founder and father of organized Christian monasticism so this is a rule one of the first attempts to codify the guidelines for monastic living so this monastic living adds certain rules and regulations that they have to follow so the disciples of Saint Paul of Thebes or Anthony began to ascetic life that is a life of sacrifice at the age of 20 at a very early age in his life he started and about 15 years he withdrew himself to solitude to a mountain by night called his firm where he lived about 286 to 305 about yes we see about 20 years during the course of this time he began a generally combat against the devil withstanding several temptation that was coming against and against the Christian theology so about in 305 he emerged from this retreat to instruct and organize a monastic life of the hermits and we see there were many people who had known about and joined this group lived a similar kind of lifestyle so he moved to a mountain in the eastern desert between the Nile and the Red Sea where sorry sorry thank you so between the Nile and the Red Sea so what we see here is he remained there and people he started being recognized and noticed by in that area in that area people started to visit this monastic which was outskirts of this place in Egypt so people started coming there with different requests they started to come there for telemerance for healing or just to hear the word and they started ministering to people from this place so the early monks who followed Anthony into the desert considered themselves as a vanguard of God so they were they were disciplining themselves through fasting and Lord and you see slowly they started ministering to people in the spiritual gifts so they were ministering to people in healing and there were a lot of deliverance that was happening Anthony of Egypt was known for his deliverance ministry because he personally encountered a lot of temptation by the enemy and he overcame all that by the word of God so when you read about I would encourage you to read about them because in one class we cannot cover most of the things so the question is about these desert fathers and how the ministry was birthed and how many monks were added to this group and all the monks despite the time and season you see they all flow in the same kind of spiritual gifts they all carry the same gifts of the spirit in them and they all lived a very very simple life they were known to live a very simple dependable on God kind of life so they did go into the city was only to get arms the dressing sense also was very simple they got into a kind of you know a black dress long kind of black dress with a hood and with a bell in their hand so we used to bring the bell to just to let the people know that they are coming to clean the arms so that they can clean the arms go back to their monastery and live a very simple and a peaceful life so most of the time they spent in praying they spent in praying spent time and fasting because what they received also was very less okay spent a lot of time and fasting and prayer and the ministry to people there and also we should understand they lived in the land of Egypt where the land was in the demonic powers so they had to depend on God depend on the gifts of the spirit to exercise exorcism okay they were gifted with that and they saw many people coming to them with related to deliverance yeah with that we will move on with the four century fathers we have very less time but because it has got to do with more of history I would request you all to please study on certain certain people God moved among them very powerfully so in 4th century we see the emperor about Ayurvedic chain and yeah we can move to concept in the great where the Christianity became the common religion the birth the spread of Christianity became much in this under the leadership of concept just give me a minute yeah let's look into Diocletian as well fine okay sorry in AD 303 Emperor Diocletian persecuted church intending to wipe out the Christian wipe out the church and you know what happened that golden phase so Diocletian is a later name was pious or alias Pellemius Diocletian he was a Roman emperor he was serving under the Roman emperor Cartonisian so when the co-emperor Cartonisian's brother was killed Diocletian's army declared him to be the emperor so what happened but this domain was restricted to Asia Minor and possibly Syria so Cartonisian attacked Diocletian in 285 AD but was assassinated before achieving victory so it allowed to become the soon emperor here he sought to remove the military from the politics and he established and he was he was the spread of the influence of the compact religion throughout the empire proclaiming himself and the school rulers as gods so he added the traffic of the bureaucracy to the reign and we see he seemed to be a very good ruler he was not compassionate about his people so he should for he was decreeing the last great persecution of Christians and he wanted to eradicate the Christianity from the face of the earth and what happened he failed to do it so with that we will move on to Constantine the great so Constantine was born on February 27 into 1880 and we see he was the first Roman emperor to profess Christianity he not only initiated the evolution of the empire into a Christian state but also provided the impulse for a distinctively Christian culture that prepared the way for the growth of the western medieval culture so Constantine was probably in the later 280s a typical product of the military governing class of the later 3rd century he was a son of Fabius Galerius Constanus and an army officer and his wife Helena so in 293 AD his father was raised to the rank of Caesar already the beauty emperor and was sent to serve under Augustus Maxime in the west so in 289 Constanus had separated from Helena in order to marry the step-daughter of Maxime so we see Constantine was brought up in the eastern empire of the court of senior emperor Diocletian so what happened Constantine experienced a member of that and the rest of his history so what happens is in one of the emperors Constantine receives a vision of a cross and he was headed for a battle so on his way to fight with go emperor Maxime and he comes up with this vision of a cross and he asks everyone to take up a cross to the city and they won the battle after that the minute he won the battle he attributed this victory to the Christian god so becoming so what he did he made he became a supporter to the early church he made Christianity as a legalized religion in the Roman empire so Constantine and Licinius then rebuilt the destroyed churches the buildings and the early church this is how the politics entered the church so they became one decision making and restored all the position that was confiscated from the church during the persecution time yes there's a positiveness and there's also the negative side of it both and we also see Constantine made because he wanted to make Christian so he baptized everyone where the sprinkling baptism was birthed and many other system was birthed in the Christian and the church took the authority to make any big decisions in the place where the politics entered the church we see Christianity being very different from now on not like before with that we will stop for now and we will study in detail about each and every very important I choose selective fathers or the selective leaders and we can discuss on them in detail in the further class other than that if there's anything that you would like to add on please feel free we will stop here for the first time but then I would request the class to study on Polycar and Ignatius of Antioch, these are the two people I would request the class to research and study on okay so that when we do our homework our learning will be much more than what we get from the class because there are so many leaders and all these leaders are very important we cannot cover them in an there's anyone who would like to add to today's class you can or we can end this class with a word of correct as I really don't see any hands raised we end the session with a word of correct Dear God we thank you for how the Lord gave time and again we thank you Lord that you took a stand when there were heresies were there or father that your word was established your word has crossed a different season different season of preformation we see time and again you raised the leaders Lord who can defend the gospel who can defend the faith of father Lord we pray that even as we study we pray that you will impart your wisdom to each of us our father that we may have the same passion Lord to know your word to study your word and to impact the people impact the world for your father Lord we pray that Lord you will increase the zeal for your word in each of us our father thank you Lord Jesus Holy Spirit of God I pray that you move in and through us Lord Jesus that our heart may be connected with you connected with your word of father may your name be glorified in every act of us Lord thank you Lord Jesus in Jesus name we pray amen amen amen thank you thank you I would request each one to please go through our notes read in detail about these church and the visit fathers more so that we know how the Lord raised leaders and how used them to impact the world thank you so much and God bless see you all in the next class thank you


From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, bringing you data-driven insights from theCUBE and ETR. This is Breaking Analysis with Dave Vellante. Enterprises are fighting a dual mandate of operating inside a tight IT budget envelope, while at the same time transforming their organization into an AI-first company, balancing macroeconomic headwinds from inflation and uncertainty with driving innovation. It's an exciting challenge for IT decision-makers. To deliver the goods, technology leaders are stealing from other budgets to fund AI, they're trying to find quick wins with pretty unspectacular use cases and in some cases, swinging for the fences with ambitious AI training initiatives to drive revenue from things like advertising of course or complex examples like drug discovery with 10-year plus break-even times. The reality is 16 months into the Gen AI awakening, there are lots of hype and tons of experimentation going on, but success in AI is far from assured. Hello and welcome to this week's theCUBE Research Insights powered by ETR. In this Breaking Analysis, we dig deep into the numbers and look at the macro spending climate. Then we go into specific spending patterns around generative AI. We're gonna look at how budgets are being funded, how Gen AI ROI expectations are shifting. We're gonna look at some common use cases and the adoption of some of the more popular LLMs. And we're gonna close by asking somewhat controversial and sometimes annoying question, is it cheaper to do AI in the cloud or on-prem? First, let's look at how the sentiment on IT spending has changed in just a few short months. This chart shows the results of 12 quarters of sampling, the ETR survey data, IT decision-makers and their forecasts of their annual tech spending growth. The ends on these surveys consistently range between 1500 and 1800 with very high overlap, around 75% of repeat respondents. So as you can see in the upper left is we exited COVID and the Fed started tightening, expectations kept decelerating and finally bottomed when the Fed stopped tightening last summer. Rob Williams, who's the Senior Vice President of Investor Relations at Dell, commented to me on this chart that this probably tracks the two-year treasury yield and he's absolutely right. It's basically inversely proportional to that metric, meaning the rise in two-year yields corresponds to a deceleration in IT spend expectations. And what's notable in this data is IT spending grew at about 3.4% last year. And in the January survey, decision-makers expected it to jump to 4.3%, but as we cautioned at the time, the quarterly growth expectations were very much back loaded. Well, sure enough, if you track the two-year, it's popped up again lately as the higher for longer theme reared its head. And as you see in the red here, the expectations have dropped from 4.3% growth, that was January to 3.4% in the April survey with Q1 and Q2 forecasts also decelerating. So we would expect IT spending to grow at least one, perhaps two points faster than GNP with the new CPI numbers out. We could see GNP forecast and growth expectations growing, but it looks like right now they're coming together with these tech spending forecasts. And with the AI mandate, you would certainly like to see tech spending maintain that one and a half, two-point gap. But the reality is, well, AI hype is in full swing, AI monetization isn't. And so the Fed remains a factor at scene. So given the tight macro, how is AI being funded? And as we've indicated in previous episodes, this data shows us that 42% of customers in a survey of 898 respondents say they're stealing from other budgets. And when we dig into that data, the money is coming from business apps, non-IT departments, productivity apps, no surprise there that GNAI could disrupt, other IT spending like kind of legacy machine learning, analytics and not surprisingly, legacy RPA. Now remember, this data represents percent of customers, not budget amount, but when you look at the big spenders in large companies, the figure jumps 50%. This data shows the results from 224 global 2000 respondents in the survey. So at more than 10% of the G2000, pretty representative set of respondents, the point is because of the macro climate and perhaps other factors that we're gonna discuss, it's not like the CFOs are across the board opening their checkbooks. Now, anecdotally, I will tell you that some CFOs are being very aggressive about AI spending. But again, it's not across the board. I'll be excited to look back five to seven years from now to see those aggressive companies, those ones that are spending aggressively on AI and those forward thinking CFOs. I wanna look back and see how they're faring. The other thing to note is ROI expectations are becoming somewhat less aggressive. People naturally listen to the hype and they think, oh, this AI stuff is easy, which in many cases it is, but it's not as easy to drive measurable results to the point where you can throw off enough cash to fund to gain share and fund future investments, not yet anyway. So ROI expectations are shifting to the right as shown on this chart, meaning they're becoming less aggressive, still inside of 12 months. But as you see, there's also uncertainty on ROI timelines in the far right there. The other thing we see is ITDMs, IT decision makers, they're squirreling away some of this budget and waiting as they try to determine where to place their bets. But as the call out notes, the big spenders at large companies are even more conservative as shown here. And look, why not? Why sign up for a short ROI when you're still experimenting with Gen AI and basically applying chat GPT like use cases to your business? For example, this data that we show here tracks how Gen AI is being used in 1800 accounts. And in no way is this remarkable by any means of what you'd expect, right? Tech summarization is the most popular, the fall by customer chat support and then code generation and writing marketing copy. There's some image editing and design work which is becoming more functional and it's got a low single digits of other which includes some of those more complexion cases like the ones we mentioned up front. Advertising to drive revenue and things like drug discovery. Now these use cases are expensive and they're very training intensive and require access to GPUs which either you're gonna get from cloud providers or those alternative GPU clouds like we've talked about in the past like CoreWeb or Genesis or Lambda. Or you're gonna buy GPUs and do the work on-prem but if you're not willing to commit to spending $10 million, it's a good chance you're not gonna see an NVIDIA GPU for a long time unless you buy it from an OEM.  Now the other column on this data is look to the left. We've highlighted the red in red, the percent of customers not evaluating GNAI and LLMs. You might say, huh, that's what I said when I first saw the data. And while the number has come down quite significantly in looking into this we confirm this is actually the case. These respondents said, no, we're not pursuing GNAI. It is not necessarily that there's no GNAI happening in the company, there probably is but there are a number of folks that we talk to that say, look it's moving too fast right now it's too complicated to pick winners. So we're gonna wait. We're gonna step back, let the storm subside and then we're gonna pick up the pieces by wearing from others. Now the other thing we heard from these folks is shown in the insert that people just don't trust the models right now. They elucidate too much and they're too risky given the edicts or compliance and governance in the organization. You know, to both of these we'd say at the very least you need to start thinking about your AI platform architecture. It's gonna be very different from the way you support your general purpose workloads of CRM and ERP and collaboration software today even if that's in the cloud. So we advise thinking about your AI platform and how to construct that. Look, you're likely a hybrid shop today so how do you evolve that into so-called hybrid AI with a combination of cloud and on-prem? And how are you rethinking your data strategy to support AI by things like unifying metadata or rationalizing disparate data types with semantic layers and so forth? Things are moving so fast. Here's some data from ETR on AI tools adoption. It shows for each AI vendor the percent of customers in the latest survey adopting the platform new. That's the dark blue in the top of the bar. Investing spend, investing more spending in the, that's the light blue, the second layer of the bar. Spending flat, which is that powder blue. Spending less than you did the previous year. That's the orange and churning. Departing from the platform, that's in the red. You subtract the orange and the red from the darker and the lighter blues and you get net score, which is that dark blue line. You see going down to the right, you go from left to right with the number of vendors there. Now what this data is telling us is that OpenAI and Microsoft are, they're like the iPhone and AT&T in the early days with a partnership that's getting a lot of attention and frankly working. Anthropic has made a big move up recently in the last few months in our surveys and ETR surveys to surpass llama in spending velocity. Cohere, you see has momentum. Amazon SageMaker is still very popular for a lot of AI applications. The Gen AI, it was not really well suited for. We talked about that last week on breaking analysis. Google interestingly is closing the gap on AWS when you look at Google's spending momentum. They still don't have as big a presence in the cloud but their spending momentum is closing the gap on AWS. AWS, a lot of AWS's activity is probably through bedrock so some of Anthropic is certainly through AWS. Databricks here is very likely their legacy ML actually highly likely and that's doing very well. It's not DBRX which they just announced that's not in these numbers. Hugging face is also very popular and then you see the pre-chat GPT firms like H2O and others and they're having to evolve their portfolios. Now IBM is interesting here to us because for the first time in a long time we're really excited about IBM and the prospects and how the company, Arvind Krishna, that really has the company on the right track in our view. The data is not as friendly here though. We suspect this because IBM is still cycling through the old legacy Watson which was positioned in places that really shouldn't have been. It was very largely services led but they're ramping up Watson X and its corresponding services around Watson X for data and Watson X for governance, et cetera. But IBM is definitely in the game as is Oracle which is not shown on this particular chart. And look, we sympathize with the complexity of the situation right now. As an example, Databricks announced DBRX, touting benchmarks of an MOE, a mixture of experts model that beats Mixdraw who popularized that methodology. Then, Mixdraw counters like days later with a new high watermark and an Amazon ups its investments in Anthropic but they're building Olympus which they want that's their supposedly codename for their internal LLM which goes beyond their existing LLM and they want that to be better than Claude which is Anthropics LLM. That's what the reports are anyway. Then Microsoft does an AccuHire of inflection AI. So yeah, it's complicated and you got open source and you have closed source and so there's a lot of flood going around. By the way, to think about architectures that serve your business. So that's really what we're thinking here is you want to build your architecture that fits your needs and that may mean focusing primarily on the processes and the people versus the technology which is fine but the folks that are telling us, wow, it's just moving too fast. You could still start with, okay, how should we be rethinking our organization? What does this mean for our processes? The technology, the underlying technology at some point is you're going to figure that out and how to leverage that but think about the architecture of your business so you can compete and you want to think about that now and bringing in the expertise and partnerships to help you build that for your purposes. Now, the last thing we're going to talk about is pasta cloud versus on-prem and everyone's debating this. It's kind of obnoxious because the answer is always it depends that's the answer you're going to get from us today. The cloud platforms are moving very fast and let's face it, that's where most of the monetization action is right now with Microsoft pulling off the open AI coup and they've forced Google and AWS to respond with their internal code reds. And as you see the GPU clouds that we talked about earlier popping up and meta throwing off its open source weight around with Lama and the hyperscalers, you know, they're winning the CapEx wars because they're swimming in cash and so they're buying as many GPUs as they possibly can. And at the same time, they're building their own silicon chips. But then you see a GTC and video conference, there's Michael Dell sitting in the first row getting a call out from Jensen. Jensen says nobody's better at building end-to-end systems than Dell so you want an AI end-to-end system, go to Dell, you'll take your order. Right in the first row was amazing and it's true because Dell has by far the most comprehensive end-to-end portfolio of anyone from laptops to high-end servers but how do you think HPE Lenovo and Supermicro feel about that call out? So HPE just announced that Jensen is gonna be speaking at the sphere with Antonio Neary at HPE Discover. Now the reason I bring this all up is adding to the confusion the cloud players are saying come to us, we have optionality, we have tools, we have our own LOMs, we got a partnership with OpenAI, we got innovation, we have scale, come to us. The alternative GPU cloud guys are saying no, no, no, don't go, don't go to the clouds, they're not built for the AI error, they're built for general purpose computing, they're all about multi-tenant, AI is different. And then the on-prem cloud is saying you're gonna spend a lot of money in that cloud so come over to us. So we got a hold of some data that we found interesting. It's data from a study commissioned by Dell and conducted by ESG, now you have to be warned. This was paid for, paid for study. And you know how these things are, they're gonna be used in marketing. But the person who led the study, his name is Aviv Kauffman, he's very well respected. And from what I'm told, and by the way, I was not told this by Dell, I didn't bother asking Dell that, but I know a lot of people who know this individual who said he would not compromise his ethics and very proud of building models that show, you know, that are fair and defensible. And this guy went to WPI, he's got a strong engineering background and worked in labs, so let's give him the benefit of the doubt. Now, coming to the chase, just to add a little more fud into the conversation, this data shows that doing inference on-prem for a 70 billion dollar, sorry, 70 billion parameter Lama 2 LOM using RAG is far cheaper on-prem than in the cloud. And the point of the study is if you're driving your RAG via token-based API services from the likes of OpenAPI, you're going to pay a price over doing your own RAG on-prem with open source models. And RAG, let's face it, RAG's not that hard to do, we've done it. It's hard to get right and it's hard to necessarily monetize, but this data suggests that doing RAG-based workloads with Dell-powered GPU servers is more cost-effective than using IS on AWS or other clouds. Now, I love the ping-pong matches, whether it's benchmarking or these TCO studies. So the first thing AWS is going to say to this as well, if you want lower cost inference, and I think the study was using NVIDIA GPUs, I think they would say, well, you should use our custom inferential chips. You can only get them in our cloud. And I'm not sure this Dell study did that. I don't think the Dell study used that, but trying to do an apples to apples with NVIDIA chips. So hence the methodology becomes really, really important, but that's what this back and forth is all about. The point is, this is one of those, it depends moments. Cloud company A is going to tell you it's much less expensive to do IT in the cloud than on-prem with all that heavy lifting and the on-prem guys will say, well, that may have been true in 2010, but we replicated the cloud operating model on-prem. And it's a hybrid world. And so the debate goes on, and it is hybrid world, by the way. Now, it may very well be more expensive sometimes to do work in the cloud, but oftentimes the developers in an organization are so in love with their cloud that nothing you can do. It's almost worth that extra cost. There's potential disruption. And if you try to force them to go back on-prem with certain workloads, or there's access to new services or innovation in the cloud that are often better. At the same time, as we all know, cloud bills are times opaque. They're oftentimes very expensive. They're unpredictable. Hence, that's why we saw all this cloud optimization the last couple of years. And moreover, the data you want to use for your AI may not be in the cloud. So in all likelihood, well, the cloud going to continue to grow faster than on-prem, and that's where a lot of the AI, if not most of the AI action is today, are customers, most customers are living in a hybrid IT environment, and that is going to extend to hybrid AI. But I'd like to speak with Aviv and learn more about this study, so I'm going to reach out to him and hope he talks to me. Okay, we've got to wrap, but let's leave with a few thoughts on some of the things that we're paying attention to and some of the barometers that you can look at around enterprise IT adoption. Now, despite all the confusion, one thing is clear. The big money in AI right now is in consumer, and it's in superchips, and big memories, and fast interconnects, and training. And B2C in use cases, they're like no-brainers for AI because the bigger the AI cluster that these internet giants can build, the better AI and ad targeting that they're going to get. So they're literally printing money. But those big complex problems in healthcare and climate and the like, they have very long investment horizons that are going to take a long time to pay back. So they may not see ROI for a decade. But they're going to see it for a decade. Mainstream enterprises, mainstream enterprise use cases are focused on productivity and quick hits that are very chat GPT-ish in nature, quite frankly, document summarization, and ideation, code generation, et cetera. RAG, as we said, is not that hard to do and it allows for domain specificity, domain specific inferencing. There are a lot of experiments going on with RAG today, but the big money use cases, they're not that easy to find. Their RAGs are fun, they're cool, the chat GPT-like stuff is really, you know, catching a lot of attention. But down the road, when you really start driving this into your business, cost is going to be a factor. We think low-cost inferencing at the edge is going to be the dominant AI use case. Now, it's not necessarily going to create monopolies. In total, it's probably going to be a bigger market, but capitalizing on that for one company is going to be a little bit more difficult. It's going to be much more distributed and narrow examples. You're not going to, you're likely not going to see an Nvidia-like monopoly, and Nvidia does have a monopoly, by the way. You're not going to see that in a merge at the edge. The question about Nvidia is how long can it hold that monopoly? We'll come back to that in some other day. But there's going to be a lot of inferencing at the edge. That's the point. And collectively, it's going to drive a lot of revenue, big opportunities, and particularly opportunities for consumers of AI to really drive differentiation in their business. And as we've said for years, it's going to be based, most of it is going to be based on the ARM standard. Now, finally, forward-thinking CTOs and this emerging role of what we'll call an AI architect, they're thinking about their new platform strategy. The waiting for the storm to clear and subside may not be the best strategy with respect to architecture. There are some knowns, like the type of workload patterns AI requires and how training and inference work may have different requirements. And much of this is about governance. It's certainly about your data and your data quality. That's where you're going to get your differentiation and your competitive advantage. And of course, it's about other corporate edicts that you have to comply to. And cost is going to come into play. It always does. Look, remember the math at ROI. It's really simple. It's a benefit divided by cost. And we all know what happens when you drive the denominator toward zero. The result goes to infinity. But the size of the benefit matters, too. So, for instance, 1,000% ROI on a project with a $100 net present value isn't nearly as interesting as a 12% IRR on a billion-dollar net present value. But if it takes 10 years to get payback and get that crossover, you know, a lot can change in 10 years. Confused about what to do with AI? Well, you're not alone. So think about the people effects and their dramatic changes in your business process that AI can bring. Then get going on architecture, platforms, iterative development and learnings from the experiments that you're running today. But don't stick your head in the sand and hope to figure it out down the road or your company may be out of business. Okay, that's it for now. What do you think? Does this data we shared reflect what's happening at your organization? You haven't all figured out or are you struggling to keep up? Where are you placing your AI bets and how are you funding them? Let us know. Okay, thanks to Alex Meyerson and Ken Schiffman on production and Alex does our podcast. Kristen Martin and Cheryl Knight help get the word out on social media and in our newsletters and Rob Hoth as our EIC over at siliconangle.com. Remember, all these episodes are available as podcasts wherever you listen. Just search Breaking Analysis Podcast. I publish each week on the queue research.com and siliconangle.com. You can email me. When I get in touch david.balante at siliconangle.com or DM me at dbalante, I'll comment on a LinkedIn post. Please do check out ETR.AI for the best survey data and the enterprise tech business. This is Dave Balante for the queue research insights powered by ETR. Thanks for watching. We'll see you next time on Breaking Analysis.


Or is it something that normal people can actually get a lot out of? Let's find out. So a common question I get from I guess novice users is People are confused why I give tutorials. Why do about how to do things on the terminal? That's useless Why don't you just do it in your graphical environment or something like that? It's easy. It just works I want to explain why and I'm gonna explain why responding to an email an email I actually got yesterday. I get a lot of questions like this from I guess novice users But this is from a guy named Joanne The subject is honest question Why do you use the command line interface when the graphical user interface the GUI is sometimes faster? Hi, I've seen some of your videos for about a week And I've seen you teach about email in the terminal mounting androids in the terminal Etc in the terminal, but why I'm 22 years old studying computer science at the moment And I'm quite new to all this stuff even though I'm old to start learning But I wonder why you do such things I understand if you're setting up a server online and you must do those things in the terminal But mounting Android on on on the terminal What are the advantages you think the terminal has over some graphical user interface app such as I don't know Mutt over Gmail. Thank you, and I hope you read my question. Ha ha haven't I stay okay? Don't know what the ha ha's for But so I'll be honest I get this kind of question relatively often and I get a little miffed by it because the assumptions behind it usually is Okay, the person asking it isn't super familiar with the terminal or ways you can use terminal commands Therefore to them. They are difficult. Therefore. They must be difficult to everyone. Therefore. They must be difficult to me Therefore, I must be doing things that are just difficult for no particular reason So that is not the case I use the terminal because or when I use the terminal I use it because it is vastly more efficient than everything else Or when I use not just any kind of command on the command line But when I use some terminal application like mutt that I did that he mentions that I did a video on a couple days ago So I'll show you actually let me show you I'm gonna bring up. So here's a blank workspace. So let's say I want to Open up my email and search all the email I have in my past for the term Linux So let me do that.  Bam. There's my email So the thing I just did brought up mutt. I have all of mud is a command line application I have all my mail offline with isink. That's a command line application and it's indexed with not much that's command line in Application and of course with one key press I do the equivalent of Bringing up Firefox opening up a tab going to Gmail waiting for it to load I can do all of that stuff and I can do it offline. Okay. Now that that is established Let me go to my box of all mail Okay, that's a command that is just a key press. There it is It actually took a second for it to open because they're around a hundred thousand males in here And although mutt automatically caches all of your headers. So they load quickly There's a hundred thousand of them. So it took basically a second, which is way too long But but it's much faster than if you did the same thing on Gmail And of course, I have all of my mails right in front of me I don't have to click a million pages on Gmail to go to the next ones They're all if I just scroll scroll down I can scroll down all the way to the bottom and that is all you know a hundred thousand of them Okay, now let's say I want to search all these mails for Linux and control F Linux Enter There they are. Okay. They have autumn that they've loaded instantaneously I don't want to show you too close. So you see all my emails But they've loaded instantaneously and I can go through all these these are all the emails that mentioned Linux I could scroll through them. However, I want blah blah blah blah blah very simple So none of that requires email. All of it is just a couple key presses It is it loads basically instantaneously. It's not like Gmail where a you have to rely on their servers But you have to use their interface. I can change any of the key bindings. I want I can sort things However, I want all of these email files. These are actually just files on my computer I can move them. I can delete them. I can change permissions For example, I actually changed the ownership of the files of my archive to root So I don't accidentally delete them stuff like that So that's the kind of stuff that you can do using command line applications Now keep in mind the difference between a command line application and a GUI application is not like I mean It's really a kind of social construct sometimes Okay, because when it comes down to it when I'm using some kind of terminal application or when I'm telling you how to run a terminal Command to run some, you know to perform an apple perform an operation like mounting androids I'm not doing that so you can continually run that command every time you need to do it As I showed in that video where I mount androids. I don't actually run the simple MTPFS command every time I need to mount something. I Use that command in a script that basically allows me to quickly quickly choose which one I want to mount I don't I don't run those commands manually The point is once you understand how to do something on the terminal you can easily automate that You cannot automate doing things in the graphical user environment I cannot automate doing something in Gmail But I can very easily create a mutt macro that you know, let's say Automatically moves this mail here and marks it with a particular flag. That's something easy to do So in general as a general design principle when you do something when you learn how to do something in the command line It is more efficient not just oftentimes because the commands are more efficient But because you can extend that and you can do better things with that Now sometimes the commands themselves are more efficient. I actually did a video on this a couple months ago I think it was entitled the horrors of the Linux Terminal the horrors to be clear. I said that a little weird I'll put a link at the end of this video But what that video was about was a lot of times, you know giving your computer direct commands It's not only more Direct in that you're you don't I mean graphical user interfaces They're really just boxes you click on that run terminal commands So in a lot of times it's easier for you to run the terminal command to get the exact thing that you want But there are a lot of times when terminal commands are just more effective one example that I gave in that video I'll give again now is let's say I want to Remove I want to delete or let's say I want to move all the jpeg files in a directory I can just say move star dot jpeg and that selects all of the jpeg files and I can say give it a A You know destination folder and all those files were removed if you want to do that in a Graphical user interface what you have the traditional way is just to go through, you know control hold down control Click on all the ones you want Or people in the video got mad. Oh, you don't have to do that It's easy in a graphical user and interface because there are a lot of file browsers where you can click this and hold That down and then you can put in a regular expression for the the file extension and then you can just manually select and then Right-click and run this command. See that's the kind of thing even if you want to do something complicated That's the kind of thing that you have to do in a graphical user environment That's the kind of thing that replaces usually just some simple terminal command Okay, so that's why you use it why I do videos on command line programs is not so that you constantly run them all The time, but that you understand what is actually going on on your system and you can automate those processes so that's why I do them and So now does that mean I use the command line for everything? No, and in fact there are a lot of things I don't use it for so just to give you a couple examples For example, I make the thumbnails to my videos in GIMP, okay Now there have been a couple I've done in image magic that are very simple image magic is a command line tool that can basically create images on the command line, but um, you know GIMP You know when you're doing something like you're doing something that's inherently graphical it makes sense to use a graphical program It's hard to replicate that on the terminal just because you want the picture in front of you Same thing there are a lot of memers out there who insist on trying to use terminal browsers for browsing the internet The internet is just not text-based anymore the internet There are so many sites that are just so screwed up and just have so many You know just so much garbage and they're so poorly coded you need a graphical interface browser to get basically anything done So for that I I do that as well so Or there are but there are mind you for simple operations. Let's say video editing So in my mud video There was a time where I had a little error and I had to stop I just typed something in wrong and I had to stop and I started re-recording later on now I could do something annoying like use a video editor to splice that I could open these files in a video editor and I could you know manually select what I wanted to get rid of and you know have that merge or something like that and then Have it recompile or I could use a terminal application a terminal application that most video a mini video editors are just like a Front-end for that is ffmpeg and in ffmpeg I can take the video I made an error of I can say splice this up to this point and it will generate if I copy the codex It will generate instantaneously a new file that only contains the stuff I want to keep and I can use the concat demuxer to Merge that with the rest of the video basically instantaneously if I again copy the codex So doing things once you learn how to do things in the command line. It's just more effective I don't know There are I know that there are people out there I'm not going to mention any channel names, but there are people out there who will Talk about how nerdy the command line is how cool it is. Oh my god. It's so great. Let's use the command line I'm not that I the reason when I use the command line when I use the terminal It's to get things done more efficiently. Okay, and if I can't get things done more efficiently I don't use the command line But if you're wondering as again, I'll close out the video and I'll say just one more time The reason I do videos on the command line or on tools in the command line is because they are easily Extendable to other things that people can do with them You can look if now that you know how to mount Android devices in the terminal You can have some other system for mounting these or modifying these in the way that you need Okay, or if you know how to use mutt to get mail or use isink to download your mail on your computer That opens up so many doors for the kind of things you have to do And you don't have to rely on the graphical user interface that Google creates for you So anyway, that's about it. Hope that answers sort of answers the question, but I will see you guys next time


The Equitable Life Assurance Society presents, this is your FBI. This is your FBI, the official broadcast from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Presented transcribed as a public service by the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and the Equitable Society's representative in your community. Most people spend their lives worrying about how to make more money. Actually, the more you make, the more you spend, unless you have a plan and most people don't. Now, if you are interested in planning for the future, interested in avoiding unnecessary worry, why not consult the man who can help you best of all? Consult a specialist, your local Equitable Society representative. In about 14 minutes, I want to tell you more about your Equitable Society representative and how he can help you enjoy the many advantages of membership in the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. Tonight, the subject of our FBI file, Bank Robbery, its title, Killer for Higher. We often hear crime referred to as big business. This is not an accurate comparison. To a certain extent, the underworld has adopted some methods of large businesses. It controls huge amounts of capital, requires keen management and planning, demands efficiency of its employees in carrying out its orders. But here, the similarity ends. Whereas businessmen can survey and graph their future prospects with some degree of accuracy, criminals cannot. For the simple reason that slip-ups, disloyalty of their underlings, unanticipated moves on the part of law enforcement officials, all these are unpredictable hazards. The underworld can never close its books, knowing for sure that all the figures are in. Tonight, your FBI presents another case from its files. It shows how a well-planned crime can go wrong. Even years after its apparently successful completion, tonight's FBI file opens in a smart nightclub located in a large Midwestern city. In a small office in the rear of this establishment, Dan Preston, the owner of the club, is just greeting a visitor. Uh, sit down, Mr. Graham. Okay. Use the cars? No. When did you get in town? A couple hours ago. Ah, you made good time. Yeah, I want to get out just as quick. All right, well, we'll get right down to business. Good. Are you familiar with this town? Not very. Do you know where the central hotel is? No, but I'll find it. It's over on the west side. It's a small hotel. You may have to... Look, can a cab get there? Yeah. Don't forget the directions. Just give me the address. Okay. Here it is. Right. The party I want taken care of lives in the central hotel, room 819. Uh-huh. Here's the key. What's the party's name? Burton. I got it. Graham. Yeah. How do you intend to handle the, uh, killing? Why? Well, I just thought in as much as this is a hotel, you're going to be... Look, Mr. Preston, let's get something straight, huh? You own this nightclub, don't you? Yeah. Am I telling you how to run it? No. And don't tell me how to run my business. I'm sorry. What about money? I'll pay when the job is done. You can come back here tomorrow night. I don't want to wait around that long. What's the matter with tomorrow morning? I won't be here. Oh, where do you live? I'll come there. All right. Here's my card. Thanks. Ah, I guess it's time I went to work. Don't rumble, sweetheart. Who are you? It don't matter. How did you get... Look, I got a gun to you. Now let me ask the questions, huh? Go ahead. You live in this room? Yes. What's your name? Burton. Where's your husband? I don't have one. Well, where's your brother then? Your father? That's a blank, too, mister. Who else lives in this room with you? Nobody. You live here alone? Yeah. This is no good. Where are you going? I'm getting out of here. Wait! Let me ask you one question. Well... Who sent you here? Nobody. Honey, I've been around. I know a hired gunsel when I see one. Is that a fag? Yes. That is your touch, right? You're right. Now tell me who paid you to come here. No dice. Was it a guy named Preston? Was it? Sweetheart, my business, we always protect the client. I know it was Preston. I should have figured he'd make this kind of play. Look, what difference does it make who it was? You came off lucky, didn't you? Yeah. And forget it. Now let me out of here. Wait. One more question. What now? You were paid to get rid of me. Why didn't you do it? Look, I don't... I want to know.  Do you buy dame strings? Sometimes. I'm awful thirsty. In the same city a bit later that evening, in the FBI field office, Special Agent Jim Taylor has just returned from an assignment. Jim? Yeah, Paul.  I took the message. Oh, it wasn't... Interstate Bus Company, a driver you wanted to see is out of town. You'll come over here to see you first thing in the morning. Oh, good. What are you working on? Why, it's kind of a strange assignment. What's the story? Thief named Wally Lander was convicted two years ago of a bank messenger. Over $78,000 was stolen on the job, and this money was never recovered. Yes. A few days ago, Lander sent word to the warden at state's prison that he wanted to give some information as to the whereabouts of the money. What brought that on? Well, it turned out to be revenge. Lander revealed that he had two confederates on the job, a man and a woman. They evidently promised to take care of Lander's family out of the loot, and when they reneged, he talked. Who were these people? Man's name was Dan Guthrie, the woman. She was Guthrie's girl. Her name was Gwen Burton. And you were looking for them? Yeah, that's right. What progress have you made? Well, we've established that Guthrie and his girl were living in Cleveland at the time of the robbery. Immediately after it, Guthrie disappeared. What about the Burton girl? No, she stayed on there. Evidently, Guthrie walked out on her. She was living in a cheap room, looking his cashier in a restaurant. He apparently wound up with all the money. Yeah, exactly. Has the girl been picked up? No, she left Cleveland two days ago. Believed to be headed for here. I see. From what we could gather, she's looking for Guthrie. She'd been tipped off that he was here. Do you know where to find her? No, not yet. This bus driver I sent for may help us on that, though. She was on his bus. Have you alerted the local police? Yeah, gave them the girl's picture, and they're starting a check on all hotels. Should get something on her very soon. Harry, I could go on for hours with all the details, but that's more or less the story. Sounds like a nice guy. Charming. Look, when he walked on on you, didn't he leave you any part of that $78,000? Nah. How about the guy in the can? Did he do anything for him? Wally Land? Yeah. Not a nickel's worth. Harry, can we have another drink? Oh, sure, honey. Waiter. Yeah? Let's have the same thing, huh? All right. Look, honey, how'd you tell him here? Well, like I told you, I was a cashier in this joint in Cleveland. Yeah. No time grifter came in one night, slipped me a note when he paid his check. Ah. The note said he'd seen Guthrie in this town, that he was using his old name, Preston. Oh. It also said he was doing what he always wanted to do. Well, I knew that many was operating a nightclub. So? So I called enough joints till I finally nailed him. Would you ask him for your cut? Of course. He said he'd bring it to me tonight. Instead, he sent you. He did send you, didn't he? Yeah. I knew it. Are you sorry? Not now. Here you are. Oh, you just sent him down. Right. Harry. Yeah, honey. How much was he paying you? For knocking you off? Yeah. Five bills. Did you collect? No. You know, he owes me a pretty good chunk. My end of that job was over 20,000. Huh? Solid numbers. If you'll take a mark or... how'd you like to work for me? He just made yourself a deal. Jim, did you talk to the bus driver? Yeah, he just left here. Give you anything? Well, I showed him the Burton girl's picture. He definitely identified her, so that she'd come in on his bus. Did he have any idea where she went? No, unfortunately, he didn't. Oh, uh, these pictures just came in, Jim. No? What are they? Pictures of Guthrie. Oh, fine. Washington also sent a copy of his record. Good. Can I see it? Shelley, here you are. Thanks. I read through it. There's nothing there at all. They indicate where he's been for the last two years. I didn't imagine there would be. After all, he wound up with that 78,000. That's enough for a man to retire on for a few years, at least. Do you think he's gone into some legitimate business? Yeah, it could be. Well, even if he's here in town, he won't be easy to find. Probably changed his name, even his appearance. Yeah, I'd figure. Jim, I sent Guthrie's pictures and a copy of his record to the police. They might have something on him. I hope so. It'll make it look... No, I'll get a call. Special Agent Taylor. Oh, yes, Sergeant. Yeah, we'll write that down with you. Okay. Good work, Sergeant. Yeah, thanks a lot. Bye. Paul, we're getting some action. Bye, Jim. Have us police headquarters. The Burton girl is registered at the Central Hotel. I think I better get right over there. Hello, Mr. Preston. What are you doing here? Waiting for you. How did you get into my apartment? You told me to come here. Not while I was out. I don't like to hang around in hallways. I don't like intruders. That makes us even. Did you, uh, go to the Central Hotel last night? Yeah. Well... Well, what? Did you take care of that party? Nope. Why not? You didn't tell me it was a dame. What difference does that make? That's out of my line. Look, I made a deal with you. I got a better offer. What do you mean? Well, let me tell him, Harry. When? Hello, Dan. When? Where did you come from? Mr. Graham brought me here. Yeah, he's in a brand new business. Now he brings them back alive. What's this all about? Why don't you give him the run down, honey? Mr. Graham here is now working for me. Now look... I told him our whole story, Dan. He figures I'm a lot more reliable to do business with. What are you talking about? $78,000. That's the amount you ran out with, remember? Now go in the first place. Save the alibis. We ain't got time for that. We ain't got time for any chatter. We just came here to collect. Collect what? My inn. I figured it out on the way over. It comes to $26,000.  I want my cut then, now. You're not getting anything. Mr., you're in no position to talk that way. You keep out of this. I've got to protect my interest. I'm on the payroll. Now get out of here, both of you. Harry, sure I'm a mean business, huh? Yeah, sure, honey. Now wait a minute. A few more treatments, honey. You'll collect. We will return in just a moment to tonight's exciting case from the official files of your FBI. But right now, I'd like to explode a popular notion. Making big money is not always the answer to a successful future. People with average incomes are able to protect their families, provide for their children's education, own their own homes free and clear, and provide freedom from worry after 60. Now the experience of Mr. George Gaines may show you how you too can enjoy greater peace of mind. Will you tell us, Mr. Gaines, how an equitable society representative solved your problem? Well, I'm a working man, Mr. Keating. While I have social security, I knew that wouldn't be enough to keep my wife and kids well housed, well clothed, and well fed if something happened to me. And it worried me. And then I heard you talk about a plan that would protect my family, no matter what. That's the Equitable Family Security Plan. Yes, the Family Security Plan. So I called up our local equitable representative. The first time he came to see us, he gave us a chart. Now this chart helped us to figure out how much more we'd need in addition to Social Security to protect our family. That's the famous fact-finding chart for fathers and mothers. It's free to anyone interested in providing family security. Well, it certainly was a big help.  Believe me, I'm glad I took your advice and called our local equitable society representative. That's good advice for everyone whose problem is future security.  Ask him for your free fact-finding chart for fathers and mothers. No matter what your insurance problem, building the right plan is simple when you know how.  There's no obligation. Simply consult your local telephone directory for the name of your local equitable representative. Or write to the equitable society care of this station. That's E-Q-U-I-T-A-B-L-E. The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. And now back to tonight's FBI fire. Killer for hire. Time and time again, you've probably heard the expression honor among thieves. Case after case from FBI files reveals, just as does tonight's story, that there's not much. There just isn't room in the criminal mind for honor in our sense of the word. In order to be a criminal, one must crush all normal moral codes, must develop a new set of rules to live by. It's a lonely life living in the shadows of the underworld. Never for a moment dare a person trust completely his fellow criminals. Nor for one moment can he relax his vigilance to protect himself from betrayal. Just as Gwen Burton, Dan Preston and Harry Graham have to be always on guard in tonight's FBI case. Tonight's file continues in Dan Preston's apartment. Preston, still unconscious, is stretched out on the floor. His erstwhile girl, Gwen Burton, and her gunman confederate are searching the premises. Find anything in that desk, honey? Not yet. Let's see what's in this drawer. I figured there'd be a wall safe behind one of these pictures.  Why, that dirty cheat, these letters are from James. What's the matter? Look at this. This letter was written three years ago. I was still going with him then. My darling, Dan, our date last night will be remembered always. How do you like that guy?  We got work to do. Well, there's no dough in his desk. Where else can we... Wait a minute. He's coming, too. How do we handle it now? We'll find out where his dough is. Otherwise, he gets the full treatment. Good. What? What hit me? He was standing right on the track, mister. Next time, you don't get off so easy. Can I get up? Stay where you are. And let's continue our discussion. Before you left us, we were talking about $20,000. I know. The girl wants her money, mister. But I tell you...  For now on, I use a gun. I'll get it up. I haven't got it here. Where is it? In my office, at the club. Where in the office? In a safe. Okay, I want you to call the club. Tell them I'm coming over. Tell them I'm getting something out. Tell them I'm getting something out of the safe to bring back to you. You'll do that, won't you? Okay. I'll buy the combination. I'll give it to her. Well, honey, let me have it now. Jim, I've been looking all over for you. The hotel manager said you were on the floor below. Did you get the search warrant? Yeah, I have it right here. Good, this is the Burton Girls' Room. I got a pass key. No sign of her, Jim? No, she left the hotel early this morning. But he didn't answer to Guthrie's description. No, it doesn't. Go ahead, Paul. Right. Well, it might be a good idea to search the rooms if we get any leads. Well, there's a small bag over there. Yeah, I'll take a look at that. I'll see what's in that closet. Okay. Could the management give you any line on what she's been doing? No, not much. He said she made quite a few phone calls. She's getting the slips together. We'll pick them up on our way out. There's nothing in here. I got something. Yeah? Well, what is it? It's a note. What does it say? It's addressed to her from a man who signs himself Pete. Yes? Says he saw Guthrie here, and Guthrie's using his old name. Uh-huh. Also states he's doing what he always wanted to do. The Burton Girl must know both these things. In that case, Jim, she's probably already found him. I know, which means she may never come back here. Well, we'll post someone here to watch for her anyway. Right. Just get on and pick up those slips on the telephone course you made. Graham. Yeah? Why don't you put that gun away? It makes me nervous. I'd be nervous without it. You handled me quite effectively before without a gun. You didn't know the score, then. Tell me something, will you? What? Why did you double-cross me? What do you mean? You started out in this deal working for me. Why did you switch? I didn't like the way you operate. Was that the only reason? Yeah. I thought it could have been because you got a better offer. That had nothing to do with it. What has she promised you? What's it to you? I'd like to enter my bid. I don't get it. If I were to top her offer, maybe you'd come back to my team. Mister, that's just why I can't do business with you. Okay. Can we, uh, have a drink? Yeah, I guess so. There's some scotch in the cabinet there. Would you, uh, get it? Where? On the lower shelf. I don't see any s- Well, that ties the score. Hey, Jim, the warden of the state's prison just called me back. And? He questioned Wally Lander about Guthrie. He came up with anything? No, he had no idea about Guthrie's old name wise. How about the business he always wanted to be in? You know nothing about that either. How are you making out? I've combed through Guthrie's record. That didn't give us anything. Any word from the hotel? I just called there five minutes ago. The girl still hasn't returned. Excuse me, Jim. Yeah, Bob? Here's a report on his telephone numbers. Oh, thanks. Oh, Bob, they get a location on all of them? Yes. It's all there. Fine. Thanks, Bob. Is this the cause the girl made from the hotel? Yeah, that's right. She made 21 calls. That's the only one. Okay. The first one is a nightclub called the Ace of Clubs. Next to the bar eight, Angel Room. Are they all nightclubs? So far, they seem to be. Next three are. Jim, I think we've hit something. Yeah, these four clubs, too. This could be the business Guthrie always wanted to be in. Uh-huh. All these calls were the nightclubs. Did the manager of the hotel give you those calls in the sequence they were made? No, I said they were all mixed up. That's too bad. Obviously, the last call she made was where she found them. Yeah, I know. Well, I guess we'll just have to go to each place and bring Guthrie's picture with us. That should give us... No, wait a minute, Paul. I don't think we'll have to do that. Why not? Well, look, all these clubs begin with either the letter A, B, or C. Now, she must have worked from a classified phone book. Called each club and the order was listed. In that case, the, uh... Circle Club is the last place she called. Come on, Paul, that'll be our first place. Come in, Gwen. Where's Harry? He's inside. Did you, uh, get the money? Yeah. Hope you didn't have any trouble. No, I thought you said Harry was in here. There he is. Where? Right there on the floor. What happened? It was just my turn to hit him. What is this? It's my party now, Gwen. Let me have my money. Wait a minute. Give it to me, I said. Gather it's in that bag. It's not your money. It belongs to me, and you know it. Honey, we're not going into that again. Besides, you'll have no need for it. Why not? One has to be alive to enjoy money. What are you talking about?  In fact, I'm killing you both. Now, wait, Dan, I... It'll all be very legitimate, too. I'll say I came in, found you rifling my apartment, and I had to let you have it. You'll never get away with it. Now, you forget, honey. In this town, I'm an honest man. Now, would you like it first? Dan, don't. Put away that gun. I'm sorry, Gwen. That gun. What? Stop it, I said. I'll pick up his gun, Jim. Who are you? Special agents, the FBI. You heard him. You heard what he was going to do. Yes, Miss Burton, we know all about both of you. It's where the manager let us in the back way. All right, Paul, let's revive that man on the floor and take him all down to the office. Gwen Burton was sentenced to serve 10 years in a federal penitentiary for bank robbery. Her former accomplice was given a 20-year term for the same crime. Harry Graham was turned over to the local authorities to be prosecuted on an old murder charge. And thus, your FBI thwarted the plans of three criminals and also apprehended one for whom they had been looking for more than two years. Two years is a long time in the life of a criminal, but not to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, for their patience never runs out. Your FBI never gives up in the search for a criminal, even if it takes two, 10, or 20 years. No file is ever closed unless it is marked convicted or dead. Did you know that most people, no matter how much money they make, are often in financial hot water? The trouble is not many people know how to make the best use of the money they have. Now, there is one man who does know how to help you make the best use of your money. He is your local equitable society representative. His job in life is to help you take the uncertainty out of tomorrow and assure protection for yourself and the ones you love. Why not consult him? There's no obligation. Consult your local telephone directory for the name of your local representative of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. Next week, we will dramatize another case from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Its subject, extortion, its title, The Bridal Shakedown. The incidents used in tonight's Equitable Life Assurance Society's broadcast are adapted from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. However, all names used are fictitious, and any similarity thereof to the names of places or persons living or dead is accidental. Tonight, the music was composed and conducted by Frederick Steiner. Your narrator was William Woodson, and special agent Taylor was played by Stacey Harris. Others in the cast were Anthony Barrett, Jim Backers, Betty Lugerson, Tony Hughes, and Carlton Young. This is Your FBI is a very divine production. This is Larry Keating speaking for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and the Equitable Society's representative in your community. And inviting you to tune in again next week at this same time when the Equitable Life Assurance Society will bring you another thrilling transcribed story from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Bridal Shakedown on This is Your FBI. This program came to you from Hollywood.


Freedom's champion. Freedom's champion. Hi, I'm Commander Andrea Slough, commanding officer of USS Porter, and we are Freedom's Champion.