Salamu alaykum, respected viewers, brothers and sisters, welcome to a new report from the Holy Land of Karbala, respected viewers, we're going to have a game with the pilgrims just like a question-answer game about the life of Imam Mehdi, may Allah his sins reappearance. You know, we will gather up some two groups and we will ask them questions and they will answer it. So stay tuned. Brothers and sisters, back to you with two groups of pilgrims. We have questions, you know, a set of questions about the Imam. Both groups will be, you know, insha'Allah able to answer it. The first question, what is the Imam's mother's name? So at the first, we will start with this group. My brother here just answered the question. He said that Lady Narjis, peace be upon her, is the mother of the Imam, may Allah his sins his reappearance. The second question with this group will be insha'Allah, how old was the Imam when he came to Imamah? My brother here just said that the Imam was five years old when he came to Imamah. When he came to the position of Imamah. The third question, in what city was the Imam born? In any Madinah, Walid al-Imam, my brother here just said that the city of Samarra was the birthplace of the Imam, may Allah his sins his reappearance. Another question with the other group, who was the seventh grandfather of the Imam? My brother here just said that Imam Sajjad was the seventh grandfather of the Imam, may Allah his sins his reappearance. Another question with the other group, where will the Imam make his first public appearance? My brother here just said that the Imam will make his first public appearance in Hujaz and basically in Mecca, in the holy city of Mecca. Another question with the other group, what are four aims of Imam Al-Mahdi when he reappears? My brother here just answered the question, the four basic aims of the Imam, may Allah his sins his reappearance, is justice, taking revenge for his grandfather Imam Hussain, peace be upon him, and equality, and to hold right the religion of Prophet Muhammad peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny. Now another question with the other group, who will come with the Imam? My brother here just answered that Jesus Christ will come out with Imam Al-Mahdi, may Allah his sins his reappearance. Another question with the other group, how many companions will come with the Imam? 313 companions will come out with the Imam, correct answer from my brother here. Another question, which is basically the last question, name two signs of the Imam's reappearance. My brother here just answered that two signs will come out associating the reappearance of Imam Mehdi, may Allah his sins his reappearance. The first one is the call and the second one is the appearance of the sun from west to east. Respective viewers, stay tuned for more brothers to answer them the questions and to hold on to the atmosphere of the pilgrimage of the anniversary of the birth of Imam Mehdi may Allah his sins his reappearance. Stay tuned dear brothers and sisters. As you have just seen right now Mashallah pilgrims who came hundreds of kilometers to the holy city of Karbala still have the enthusiasm to join us in our little game. Mashallah their answers were impressive, hope you are benefited from it. Thank you very much for joining us tonight, stay tuned for more reports from the holy land of Karbala. Wassalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.


Thank you for staying with us. So what did we find in the news today, ladies? Who did we start with? NJ? Okay, so my news is the defense headquarters says that 36 officers were killed in Niger state in the last few days. So the director of defense, media operations, Major General Edward Buber made this known when he gave a breakdown of the casualties in the ambush of troops in Niger state and evacuation helicopter that and the evacuation helicopter that crashed on the 14th of August. So he said that no fewer than three officers and 22 soldiers were killed during an ambush on the troops last Sunday with seven soldiers severely wounded. He added that they now sent an aircraft on an evacuation mission and this also included, so that aircraft that was supposed to evacuate the people that were injured during that ambush, they now had a crash. So that kind of doubled. So previously there were 14 killed soldiers, seven wounded soldiers and two pilots and two crew members in that crash. So it's like, it's a funny story. So there was an ambush in Niger state and some soldiers were killed, some were injured. In the process of rescue? In the process of rescue. Another crash? Another crash. Now we're not sure of the exact information to know if the crash was caused by the same ambush, if it was an attack on the craft or it was just in the process of maneuvering through the whole attack and the process. But it just brings to light how many people that were killed over the last couple of days. In Lagos we're discussing things that affect us directly and in other states in Nigeria things are really happening and people are dying and soldiers are being put on the frontline and they are dying anyhow. So I don't know, I would love to hear the full story of what even transpired in terms of the ambush and how this helicopter that was sent on an evacuation mission ended up crashing, killing even its occupants including the pilots and everyone. So it's quite a sad story. This happened on the 14th which was about four days ago but until now we haven't gotten any update on that. So it would be nice to get an update on that to know exactly what transpired because this is a lot happening at the same time. And it's human lives and the military lives. I mean every human is important but I think there's a special value also on the military because they are the ones like in charge of protection. When you don't have military as a state or as a country you are literally vulnerable to everything, everything and anything. That's just sad. Yeah, so moving on to my story. So I was listening to this video that Fermi Falano and in the recent interview he had on one of the TV stations in Nigeria and it was a very shocking revelation for me. He made the disclosure that a source told him that about $9 billion worth of gold is illegally shipped from Nigeria every year. Was he every month, right? And also, now here is even more shocking one that according to the old law in Nigeria that for every, so if you have the land and let's say you have minerals in the land and the government chooses to mine it. The government will take it as their own property and so according to the old law that for every property they take that they get to pay a compensation fee of 100 naira per acre. And that's terrible. So this happens to someone that Falano is representing. And so he says no, they come to him with like $150,000 which should be the compensation for a land. Lots of acres that has lots of minerals and so he was like no he's not going to accept this. So they took it to the law and eventually they got to $250,000,000 naira compensation which is way more than the initial $150,000. But then here is the interesting part, that land is worth $500,000,000 to the company that was going to mine it and do whatever they want to do with it. So it just shows me how like in this country there's a lot of things that are, how do I take, how do I put it? That people are oppressed out of their rights because for somebody like me now I may not have the resources to afford a family Falano. So if this had happened to me chances are I would have settled for that for $150,000 because I may not have access to someone who can put up that fight for me. So it's just sad and I think most of these old compensation, most of these old laws that have made these politicians or companies or expatriates or whatever, milk Nigerians. I think it's about time that they change it. $100,000 naira is literally nothing. How do you pay $100,000 per acre? It's cruelty. I don't think it's very fair hearing that the property of that magnitude that has minerals on site is worth about $500 million or $1 billion. And you're trying to give the land owner, the owner of the actual land, $150,000. That is wickedness in the highest level. Even the $250,000,000 is still nothing compared to the $250,000,000 naira. Meanwhile, the game they stand to make is $500,000,000. You know, I went through the comments section of that story and it just goes to show you how the vast majority of Nigerians are feeling how angry and upset. And people are beginning. I mean, people have always known that the government is very greasy and corruption is like the order of the day. But I feel like with what is happening right now in the economy, a lot of people are now beginning to come into that realization. I mean, it is sad that a lot of people are just coming to that realization. But I also like the fact that that is happening because we need to open our eyes and start speaking out. Enough of being docile and just sitting down and not doing anything and just taking it as it is. Dollar is on the increase. Yes. Thank you. I mean, you mentioned that you could even find fraud. Yes. That you had to come all the way to the islands for you to get up. Yes. And that's just annoying. That's just annoying. Well, I mean, it seems that all our news today is just sad because mine is sad as well. Actor Nkemowo aka Osofia reportedly loses his 24-year-old daughter. Now, according to the reports making the rounds, it says that she was battling liver cancer. At 24? Yeah, at 24. Wow. She was back here. So this is really sad. My heart goes out to him and I pray that God is with his family and is able to comfort them in these trying times. So I'm whiskered too. Yeah, yeah. I heard about the whiskered news. His mom. Yeah, he lost his mom. Breaking news. So Rich is really sad. Well anyway, thank you ladies. So we're just going to take a short break and we'll see you after the break.


고맙습니다. 저는 이 피지시스와 엔지니어스타일의 연결과 연결을 시작합니다. 저는 어제릴마스와 아안의 프로필서의 연결이 되었습니다. 전 로저의 그룹에 대해 공개합니다. 우리 그룹의 20명의 멤버들과 함께 그룹의 업그레이밍을 매우 힘든 것입니다. 삼성, LG와 LG에 대한 많은 업그레이밍이 있습니다. 그룹의 업그레이밍에 관심이 있습니다. 그룹의 업그레이밍에 많은 좋은 소식이 있습니다. 트랜스파이너로 사용할 수 있습니다. 또한, 월트라펫 트랜지스터를 사용할 수 있습니다. RF-IC, 포토-갯 센서를 사용할 수 있습니다. 에너지 레트로를 사용할 수 있습니다. 투명한 배터리를 사용할 수 있습니다. 컴퍼너로 사용할 수 있습니다. 그리고, 트랜스파이너로 사용할 수 있습니다. LED, 빛깔, 그리고 배터리, 그리고 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, 그리고, red or blue, but graphene is extremely transparent for all range of light wavelengths, which is better for optoelectronic performance. 그래픽이 모든 range의 라인의 웨이블랭스에서 굉장히 흥분한 기술을 더 잘하는 것입니다. 그래서 이 부분에 대해서는 왜 그래픽이 modern technologies에 중요한 것은 그리고 어떻게 그래픽을 기술을 통해 워키모션을 통해 기술을 통해 기술을 통해 그리고 저는 제 수업을 수업할 것입니다. 왜 기술을 배우는 거예요? 물론, 기술은 플렉스러운 기술이니까요. 그리고 이 기술은 수업의 작업과 수업의 일정, 그리고 수업의 공간을 배우는 것입니다. 특히 기술을 배우는 기술이 아주 높은 기술이 있습니다. 그래픽이나 OLED, OTFT, 또는 organic photovoltaic 더 높은 퍼포먼스가 가능할 수 있습니다. 2008-2009년 이 3개의 그룹이 시비디 그룹의 라이스 스케일 그래픽, 폴리스, 크리스탈라, 닉컬을 사용합니다. 닉컬의 그리핀 그룹은 40년 정도의 길을 알 수 있을 것입니다. 이 그룹의 그리핀 그룹은 폴리크리스탈 라인의 닉컬에 인실레이딩 섭취를 통해 첫번째로 FET property를 설정했을 것입니다. 그리고 닉컬의 경우는 많은 레이어드가 아주 어려워질 수 있었지만 그래픽을 사용하면 모노레의 커버리지가 95%가 더 높아질 수 있습니다. 그래서 람암 페이퍼를 볼 수 있습니다. 그래픽을 제거하고 아주 간단한 프로세스입니다. 그리고 아마 이 방법을 그래픽을 제거할 수 있을 것입니다. 이 책에 적용했을 때, 사실 이 컨트롤의 효과는 기술의 그리핀과 커플의 기술의 그리핀에 적용할 수 있습니다. 이 그리핀의 퀄리티의 퀄리티의 기술의 그리핀은 기술의 그리핀에 적용할 수 있습니다. last year we reported the role-tooler production of ultralight-scale graphene using this copper voice. Here we have used polymer support to hold the graphene while we etch away the backside copper layer. And then we transfer graphene onto arbitrary substrate using this simple role-tooler process. So we have used this freedom to fabricate touchscreen like this. And then it works perfectly as I show later. And nowadays we are trying to lower the synthesis temperature using the plasma techniques. Because if you use thousands of temperatures, it's very hard to machine on the chamber. So if we need to, in the case we need to use quartz or ceramic chamber, but if you cool down the growth temperature below 700C, then it is possible to use metallic chamber. So recently we have synthesized graphene on polymer substrate. After deposit nickel layers on top of PI polyimide, and then we grow graphene at 300C. And then if we etch away this nickel layer, actually this is transfer free. Only nickel layers are dissolved in this etching solution. Although the property of graphene is not so good, we can get very uniform filaments at this low temperature growth. And the advantage of this method is that we just pattern all the copper circuits, copper lines on glass or film. And then just by simply growing graphene on top of copper, we can passivate the copper layers. Or you can tune the contact resistance between this copper electrode with the channel materials that can be enhanced, which can be used for the enhancement of the backplane TFT performances. Okay, now we are collaborating with Samsung Tech Queen to realize the continuous production of graphene, combining the ISP-CVD process with this world tour production. I think we are trying to make the pilot line within three years, but the real application depends on the market. So I don't know the future well, but we are trying our best. So recently we supported by the rice group, and we can grow graphene using the solid source. And then sometimes, and the other group also reported, just put the cell percent monolayer under the metal layer, and then if you grow the graphene, then actually the graphene, that CVD graphene is transfer free. And also this actually in this paper, it's shown that the wave scale homogeneous bilayer graphene film can be seen by chemical vapor deposition. But based on my experience, actually I doubt this result, because sometimes we see these multi-layer graphene flowers grown on top of or under the monolayer graphene. And then actually their alignment is not single-crystal line. So if we observe the Raman spectra, although the optical contrast indicates the flower shape, it's kind of bilayer, but their Raman spectra are quite different. Using SKPM, the work function can be measured by SKPM, and then we found that this part is not ab stacked bilayer. So this is twisted bilayer. So I guess it is very hard to get uniformly aligned ab stacked bilayer in wave scale. So I think the wave scale bilayer growth is quite challenging. Okay, then I'd like to show how to enhance sheet distance graphene. There are a few factors for governing the sheet distance property of graphene. So as you probably know, the charge carrier density is proportional to doping level. So if we assume that mobility of few thousand and then at this doping level we can get 100 ohm per scale from monolayers. And many of you are trying to dop graphene with wet chemical method or the iron liquid and something like that. But we have used the ferroelectric polymer to dop the graphene, strongly dop the graphene. So after we put the graphene between this electrode, put the ferroelectric layer between this electrode and if you polarize, actually we can strongly dop the graphene with this ferroelectric polymer. So as we apply graph, the voltage from 50 at 50 volts, 100 volts and 150 volts, the resistance drops almost 10 times. The theoretically the sheet resistance of monolayer is as low as 17 ohm per scale. So if you stack four monolayers, then you can expect the sheet resistance smaller than 10 ohm per scale, which is the ideal for optoelectron applications. So they are even stronger, the ferroelectric materials like PZT. So eventually we can reach 10 to 14 level using this ferroelectric materials. So anyway, if you dop graphene very strongly like this, probably the optical transition between this range is not allowed. So for example, if you dop graphene by one electron volts, so all transition corresponding to red color is blocked. So graphene is transparent to this absorption range. So this means that we can tune the optical transmittance or the absorption of graphene by tuning the gate electric volt or the doping level. So in Berkeley, the Fengen group used this property to realize graphene-based broadband optical modulators. Here the transmission of the graphene was modulated by gate voltage. So in this voltage range, it shows quite large absorption, but in this case, the lights are transmitting the graphene. So this graphene shows very nice optical modulation over very long range of the wavelengths. Also the reflective index of graphene is changing according to the environment. So we can use this. After we caught graphene, after we caught optical fiber with the graphene, then if you tune, if you change the environment, the surroundings, then we can change reflecting this graphene so that you can change total internal reflection inside this optical fiber. So we can use this phenomena to make a graphene-based optical fiber sensor. Okay, so NUS group and then the Cambridge group was reported the use of graphene as a saturable absorber. Then this is very useful for optical communications. And there are more graphene-based Terahertz application useful for the security imaging or defense technologies and I'd like to skip this one. Okay, then nowadays these are the issues for the people who are working on graphene synthesis. So what does limit the conductivity of graphene? That could be grain boundary, ripples or substrate roughness. So I'd like to introduce this one by one. So if you are new to graphene, cut copper foils for an hour, the grain size of the copper foils is larger than a few centimeter scale. And then graphene grows across the grain boundary like this. This means that the growth of graphene on copper is not epitecture. And as you see here, graphene can grow on one-on-one or one-on-zero or in two-zero-zero surface of the copper. So we think that the single crystallinity of copper is not so important to improve the quality of CVD graphene. And in this paper, in this theory paper, they claim that the angles or the periodicity of the grain boundary is very important for the electrical properties of graphene. And actually the Kone group imaged the grain boundary of the graphene using operation-corrected TM techniques. And you can see hexagons and haptagons along these grain boundaries. And they claim that these grain boundaries are not so important for the electrical properties. And then also they mapped the grain size of graphene using this dark field TM techniques and found that the individual grain size is smaller than micrometer scale. But I think in this case, the color of graphene is not so good, but we often see graphene domains larger than millimeter scale. If you carefully control the graphene growth conditions. And in this paper published in Nature material recently by the party group, actually they can grow this hexagonal shape of graphene flakes using the ambient pressure graphene growth. And then they found that this merging along this merging line, actually the grain boundaries are forming and this is 2D peak of the Raman spectra. And then they measure the transport property across the grain boundary and they found that this grain boundary is critical for electrical properties of graphene. But our opinions are a little different. So we also grow graphene on top of this copper and then measure their property. And then we found that there's a strong temperature dependence in this case. This means that there's some additional factor for the electrical purpose of graphene. So as shown in this paper, recently published in PRB, actually they artificially control the morphology of copper and they found that because of the copper roughness and the thermal, negative thermal expansion of the graphene, we often see this multiple force of graphene when we transfer graphene onto the flask of trade. But in this case, the density of this force, just one or two in probably 100 micrometer scale. So this means that if you make a few micrometer large device, this multiple folding is not so important. So you're trying to find a reason for this one. And then you found that if you grow graphene on top of this large stages of copper and then after transfer, the extra surface area from the stages can make this nano rippers. So, and then we try to measure the electrical party of the graphene, along or parallel to perpendicular to the rippers. And then we found that this geometry shows more temperature dependence. So we assumed and the density of this nano rippers are a few in the micrometer scale. So I guess we should see this nano rippers in all the devices based on CBD graphene. So this minimizing the ripple density is very important to control the quality of graphene. This is our story. So the temperature depends on thus our parallel geometry and horizontal geometry and this doping dependence. Then we conclude that the controlling roughness is very important. So if you carefully look at the surface of the copper after the graphene growth. So in this case, there are a lot of, you know, stab edges and in this case, it's almost atomically flat. So if you compare the mobility of the graphene from this flat area and this rough area, this mobility from flat area, graphene from flat area is almost 1.5 times better than this case. So I think this is another evidence for our conclusion. So in this paper recently published in the chemical materials, actually they try to control the roughness of the copper using this electro polishing method. And then they found that the color is much better than that of this rough copper surface. So now we are trying to polish the copper foil with this electro polishing method or mechanical polishing method and then we get enhanced sheet resistance so that this substrate often is extremely important. And as reported by Columbia Group recently, and they claim that the graphene grown on copper one-on-one surface is better than that of graphene on copper one-zero-zero surface. I don't know the reason very well. Probably because of the good lattice matching with graphene with this copper. And so we are trying to control the crystalline orientation of copper using this electroplating method. So if you use royal pressed copper foil, the most of the crystalline orientation is two-zero-zero. But for the electroplated copper, it's mostly one-on-one, which has lower surface energy. So I think you're trying to use this method to get one-on-one dominant surface to enhance the sheet resistance graphene, but we don't have any visors now. This is another evidence of nano-reversed formation. Actually, Barbara's actually first float graphene on top of water, and then transfer this graphene onto this silicon oxide. And then we see no reapers, nano-reapers. This means that nano-reapers can be released or removed when we float a graphene on top of water. So I think this is a very smart, nice way to remove the nano-reapers to get higher quality of graphene. So our conclusion is that the nano-reapers is very crucial, then we need to control the number of surface roughness of copper. And also the substrate is also important. So if you transfer graphene onto this rough PET substrate, the sheet resistance can easily go up to kilo-ohm per square. That means after transfer, some of graphene can be suspended and were broken. So we need to use substrate with the morpholode, whose roughness is smaller than five nanometer. So I guess this is also important. So as you know, if we use bilayer hexagonal boron nitride field, we can enhance sheet resistance graphene. And then because sheet resistance graphene is inversely proportional to the mobility of graphene. So we try to grow large-scale graphene, large-scale hexagonal boron nitride, as suggested by Professor Ajayan group in Rice University. So they are using ammonia borane source like this. And then you can easily decompose into boron and nitrogen source like this. So here we hit this solid source of ammonium borane and then the gas is going to this gross chamber. And then we can grow the large-scale, the boron nitride very easily. And as reported by Ajayan group recently, we can grow graphene, boron nitride on top of graphene. They first grow graphene on top of copper and on top of copper, they claim that they can grow boron nitride epitexially on top of copper, on top of graphene. And actually this, we reproduced the result. This is our image. Surprisingly, the boron nitride is growing very well on top of CBD graphene. And this is hexagonal boron nitride grown on the graphene and then their thickness is ranging from five nanometer to 20 nanometer. This is not single layer. Also as reported in carbon recently, they have used graphene on top of hexagonal boron nitride without using any catalysts. So in this case, it was very hard to reproduce, but we have some evidence that the graphene has formed on top of hexagonal boron nitride. Then what does it mean? So we can actually make superlatives of the boron nitride and graphene by growing graphene in turn. So I think this approach is very important for the future applications of the 2D materials. And so ideally we would like to reach this limit. So 10 ohm per scale at 90% transmittance is kind of critical value for the real applications of graphene. But now graphene is not as good as ITO at the moment, but I guess utilizing this previous approach is possible to overcome this limit in the near future. And finally, I'd like to introduce Warfuxer Engineering for the solar cells. So here by combining graphene with silicon, you can easily make solar cells. But in this case, we need shocky contact. But if you use four-layer graphene, four times transferred graphene, then it makes army contact, which is not good for solar cell effect. So although the conductance of the four-layer graphene is much higher than the monolayer, it doesn't show any photovoltaic effect. Why show the monolayer graphene shows very nice photovoltaic effect. This means that work function training is sometimes more important than the lower, higher conductance of graphene. So we can control the work function using the self-possessing monolayers. This molecules are covalently attached to the silicon oxide, so this is non-volatile. So it's very stable. Then after that, we transfer graphene onto the self-possessing monolayer. By changing the functional group of self-possessing monolayer with electron donating or electron withdrawing group, we can feed up or end up graphene. So after we pattern the self-possessing monolayer, then after we transfer graphene, then we measure the Raman, and then we see strong doping effect from this Raman spectrum. So using this method, we selectively tune the work functions of graphene from this red color to blue color, and then the FET performance can be enhanced. So we can get better mobility and better height performance by tuning this work function's graphene. So graphene is particularly important for the organic devices. So we have used graphene electrode as the electrode source and drain electrode for pentason FETs. As you see here, we can get 100 times smaller contact resistance and more than 10 times higher mobility by using graphene electrodes for the pentason FETs. So graphene is flexible. So it is the perfect material for flexible electronics. And but graphene doesn't have any gap. So in that case, we can combine this with the property of carbon nanotube with very large band gap. So we have used carbon nanotube as channel materials, and then use graphene as source strain and gate. And then we can realize all carbon, you know, the transparent and flexible devices like this. And the onofratio is reasonable. And then so in addition, also we can combine this with the silicon nano ribbon. So very thin silicon materials are very flexible. So this work is done by Professor Ahn. They have used silicon nano ribbon as channel materials and then used graphene for source strain and gate and realize this transparent and flexible devices. And this work is done by Professor Liu Lee in POSTEC and Jonghyun Ahn. And they have used the nitric acid doped graphene to replace ITO materials. And as you see here, the luminous efficiency is 1.5 times better than that of the ITO based devices. Actually we don't know reason exactly. The traditions of ITO is Tynome Buscare. But graphene, its real essence is close to 100 Ohm Buscare. But the performance is better for the graphene devices. I think probably this is because of the work function matching or the better whole injection efficiency. So they and they use this method to make the OLED lighting. So graphene shows very linear response to the strain. So the graphene can be used as a strain gauge. This work is done by Professor Jonghyun Ahn. And so we need also transparent healer for this car windows or the windows of airplane or the helmet, this is de-fogging windows. And graphene shows very nice heating performance as a transparent healer. So I think it's useful in the future. So graphene can be used as thermal spreading materials. So it shows very efficient cooling when it's coated on the metal or any kind of materials. So we demonstrate the use of graphene electrodes for the gallium nitride light emitting devices. And recently Professor Kutcher Lee in Seoul National University to grow the Dinkun nanoroute on top of the graphene without using any catalyst. And then make the multi-shell gallium nitride LED rods and then they demonstrate their light emitting performance is very nice. And then quantum dot can be synthesized by using graphene as the electrochemical templates. And this quantum dots can be combined with graphene and they can be used as the quantum dot LEDs. Recently we are collaborating with the Seoul National University quantum dot LED group and then used graphene as an anode and cathode and then after carefully tuning the size of the quantum dots we realize the blue, green and red emission from quantum dot using graphene as anode and cathode. So as you see here, this light emitting device is very flexible and transparent. So I think it's possible to use graphene is for this transparent displays. Sorry. Oh, this is the graphene OLD lighting based on graphene electrode. Okay, so finally I would like to give you some keys. I would like to ask this question to the youngest scientists in this room. Andres Doher. Okay. What do you expect next? Probably, yeah, most, you can expect carbon nanotube or something like that. But actually I asked the same question to my daughter and it was like this. And so the reason I am showing this one. So if you assume this goal that is graphene and the size of most gas molecules are as large as this football. So you can use graphene as gas barriers. And for the stable operation of organic LED for 10 years we need this water permeation rate, microgram per square meter per day. But there's no material that can reach this performance. So the best one is barracks from DuPont with 10 to negative minus four gram per square meter per day. And they have this very thick inorganic and organic polymers to make this high-performance barrier film. But in the case of graphene, just we have used three layer and six layer graphene and they reached 10 to minus four or five. Even though it is not stable yet I think this is quite promising. So I think we need to control the density of defect and grain boundaries and they need to combine this one with polymers. But anyway, I think this is very useful approach to get high barrier performance based on graphene. So in addition it is recommended that by Apple. So iPhone user need to keep their cell phone at least 15 millimeter away from your body. So because of the electromagnetic radiation from your cell phone. And graphene has very strong electromagnetic interference shielding property over very large range of the wavelengths. So I think we can get 20 to 30% EMI shielding by using graphene films. Actually I'm showing this. I have shown this result two years ago in Korea but there's some progress in this one. So I'd like to introduce the copper replacement using graphene. So as probably know The existing copper reserves available is available mining very from 20 to 60 years. And then most of the copper from these areas and particularly from Chile. And as you see in this figure. So actually copper is not forever. It's not forever. So someday probably the mining of copper will not be more available. So as of since the industrialization the use of copper is increasing exponentially and for the last of years almost 10 times increased. So people are trying to replace this copper with aluminum was superconductors and carbon nanotube but their performance is not as good as copper. So we have tried to use this graphene fiber to replace copper and by controlling hydrophobicity and surface tension the graphene tribe can be suspended in solution like this and then followed by formation of fibers like this. And then we measure their electromechanical property and the electrical property. So there are mechanical properties are a little bit poor than that of aluminum but it shows reasonable value. And so it is very hard to define the diameter of the graphene fiber. Just we just we have used this effective conductivity of graphene fiber based on their density or the density like this if you consider the low density of graphene fiber the conductivity of graphene fiber is better than that of copper. So we didn't dope graphene fiber at all. So I think if you use some doping method and it is possible to get the better performance than the copper. So we have used this graphene fiber for this LED operating at one five volts with the graphene fiber. So it shows linear IV up to 50 volts. So it's quite stable. And then the together with the electrical wire company we are developing this graphene coated electrical wires. This is bare copper nickel coated copper wire and then after on the wire the surface is very rough but after we coat graphene wire it looks very rough but the conductivity can be enhanced up to 50%. So if you look at this TME analysis of graphene coated nickel copper wires and here we see multilayer graphene are formed on top of nickel. So we compare the conductivity of this wire depending on the diameter of copper and nickel copper wire. So in the case of copper wire the larger diameter shows less enhancement but in the case of nickel coated copper wire as the wire diameter increases we could get the better conductivity. As you see here this is saturating somewhere here but anyway conductivity of the copper wire can be enhanced by using this graphene that means that you can use much less copper for the wire with the same capacity or same performance. So I'm working with LS cable the company is world's third largest wire company and they are really serious about this one for the combination of this graphene coated wires and then we design the real-tural and a pilot layout like this. In this case we don't need any transfer just after we prepare the nickel coated copper wire then just we grow graphene using this roll-tural chamber and then that's it. So we can use graphene after insulating this graphene coated wire with polymers. So I think this is very close from the real applications so I think this is good approach. So another good application is the use of graphene lecture for the batteries. Since the spacing between graphene layers are much larger than that of graphite so we can charge this battery 10 times faster than this conventional batteries and also the capacity is much larger than the case with graphite electrode. So many people are working for this graphene based the lithium ion batteries. Okay, finally, I'd like to use these results recently published in ACS nano we collaborate with Barbaros and NUS group and they have used our graphene for to grow the stem cells And as you see here in this case we didn't use inducers and we have used inducers. So without inducers actually in the case of no graphene almost no cells have grown on top of this glass of trade but we don't know the reason very well actually graphene can initiate differentiation of human stem cell to bone cells without inducing any inducers. So I think probably this kind of bio application is very promising in the future. So after you grow graphene on top of this philum just imagine that you can transfer this stem cell to into your body for reconstruction of your bone or the neuron cells. Actually we don't know the safety problem of this graphene yet but I think we need to focus more on this bio application in the future. Okay, this is summary of my presentation and then I expect large scale production and the real commercialization can be realized in your future. But as you see in this movie the future of graphene is very bright but current status is like this. We just realize the use of graphene for this flexible touch screen but there are really many things to do. For example we don't have flexible batteries don't know flexible transistors so I think probably we need to wait probably longer than 10 years or 20 years to see these flexible devices but I guess we need hope, we have a dream. So I guess then graphene will contribute a lot for this flexible electronic application in the future. Okay, thank you for your attention. When you talking about when you grow the graphene on the same ID they have a lot of the repose. Yes. So when you transfer it then it's like strength relieved. Is that due to the thermal expansion between the copper and the graphene different? So we transfer to the other substrate so it will disappear. So actually as shown by the Berkeley group I think the thermal expansion makes multiple folded graphene is a little bit larger than the nano-repress. So we call micro-repress or something like that. And their periodicity is longer than 100 or tens of micrometers. So the reason why that repress is not so important for our devices is that if you make for example 5 micrometer long device there is almost no chance to make device across the repress. So we can exclude the possibility so that we claim that nano-repress are very important. I would like to ask a question about graphene with organic materials, the pentazine. Why would the mobility increase? So the limitation for mobility in organic single crystals is due to frolic polaroids at the interface with dielectrics. Here you are changing the context. Yes, that's very good question. So I didn't show the detailed orientation of the pentazine on graphene. So for pentazine as a channel this vertical stacking is better than this kind of stacking. So if you induce some deep contamination on top of this graphene we can intentionally enhance this vertical stacking so that there's two factors. One is from the contact resistance the other is the change of the crystalline orientation of the pentazine to enhance the mobility. So recently we published the paper in Jax then I'll give you the reference later. You briefly mentioned growing graphene directly onto hexagonal ball nitride substrates. Has anybody thought about the actual mechanism because clearly that isn't catalyzed and it's not by the mechanism you sort of expect from growing directly onto metals? So we don't know the mechanism very well but there's already some report that graphene can be grown on insulating substrates like magnesium oxide or sapphire or something like that. So I guess even on top of copper it was not fully understood. Actually Roth claims is kind of self-relimiting mechanism. The carbon sources are temporarily absorbs on copper and then migrates to make the hexagonal lattice. So I think probably this is similar to that of the... So you think it's the same as similar mechanism to the copper rather than because certainly if you sort of look at other things like nickel you get absorption of it and then precipitation of the carbon out. But I would have thought the copper surface actually acted as a catalyst. So I'm surprised myself but it's requiring an out-surface like that. Yeah, so actually I doubt this result. That's why I try to produce this one but it works. So I don't know. It's very hard to explain. Very hard to explain. I was about to ask a question but maybe I can make a comment about that. About two years ago a group in North Texas University Oh. sent us samples of this Oh, really? or I tried to graphene it. And as I see from this picture it has the same problem, very large D-pink. Yeah. And it just doesn't grow well. But any surface will give you graphene because that's unstable form of carbon provided that you have enough thermal energy to decompose the earth's gas. And people of course now report just about everything or certainly gold and other metals to multi-director. So the catalyst's part is not very strong. Just heat. I wanted to ask a detail. During your talk you saw what you called an anomalous temperature dependence. Yes. If you said there is something else going on I wonder if both electron and hole transport so who's this temperature dependence? Actually we didn't compare carefully. So I think we just measured the temperature dependence on the whole side, I guess. There was a question that was asked yesterday by someone involving electron, phonon, caplic and there are several reports already in the literature where people obtain different deformation potentiates for electron, certain holes. And if you follow that line of research it may lead you to what is going on. Okay, thank you. Thank you for comments. Regarding the coated copper where you coat the copper with graphene do you understand the physical mechanism for the enhancement of the conductivity? Enhancement of conductivity. What's the physics behind this? Physics. So we think that actually if it works when the diameter is very small then usually there is a skin effect of the copper. So even though we use very large diameter copper only surface area of the copper can contribute to the conductivity of the total wires. So if we have graphene on top of copper we have additional channel in addition to the skin of copper. So this is just a very high frequency. It's not that we can't start using this for power cables there. But the power cables even use 70Hz 70Hz AC voltage. So we measured this conductivity, this one. But I cannot say like that. But there is some additional conducting channel through graphene I believe. So you deducted it. Not for conductivity. And then when you put the graphene on water what's the chemical method? The ions out of the ripples. Ripples? Yeah. What does the water do? The water's suspension? I think simply I think simply we have the 4D structure then there's a kind of stress or strain. So on top of water it can naturally release. So yeah, actually we are preparing that as for the referee part. So the referee I don't know Someone in this room is our referee. Is it the best liquid? Or could you use some organic liquid? Would that be better as opposed to water best? Just water. Just on top of water graphene is floating. But in organic solvent actually it sinks.


Hello and welcome. Thank you for joining us for today's TechSoup for Libraries webinar, Technology Skills for Library Staff, Effective and Engaging Training Programs. My name is Crystal and I'll be your host. In just a minute we'll be joined by two guests for today who will share some of the successful staff training that they've been offering. Because technology changes so rapidly it can be difficult to keep our staff up to speed. So our panelists will share examples of how they've developed fun and engaging training for staff. But before we begin I have just a few brief announcements to share. We'll be using the ReadyTalk platform for our meeting today and please use the chat in the lower left corner to send questions and comments to the presenters. We will be tracking your questions throughout the webinar and we'll answer them at the designated Q&A sections during the webinar. All of your chat comments will only come to the presenters, but if you have comments or ideas to share we will forward them back out to the entire group as best we can. You do not need to raise your hand to ask a question, simply type it into the chat box. Should you get disconnected during the webinar you can reconnect using the same link in your confirmation email. You should be hearing the conference audio through your computer speakers, but if your audio connection is unclear you can dial in using the phone number in your confirmation email or that we've shared in the chat. If you're having any technical issues please send us a chat message and we'll try to assist you. This webinar is being recorded and will be archived on the TechSoup website. If you're called away from the webinar or if you have connection issues you can watch a full recording later. You will receive an archive email within about two days that will include a link to the recording, the PowerPoint slides, and any additional links or resources shared during today's session. If you're tweeting this webinar please use the hashtag T-S-4-L-I-B-S. We have someone from TechSoup live tweeting this event so please join us in the conversation there. TechSoup is dedicated to serving the world's nonprofit organizations and libraries. TechSoup was founded in 1987 with a global network of partners. We connect libraries and nonprofits to technology, resources, and support so that you can operate at your full potential more effectively deliver programs and services and better achieve your missions. TechSoup has helped to distribute over 14 million software and hardware donations to date through our product donation program. We offer a wide range of software, hardware, and services including software like Microsoft's Office and refurbished computers. For more information about TechSoup product donations and to learn about technology donations of interest to libraries, please visit techsoup.org and click on Get Products and Services or visit techsoup.org-libraries. All right, so we have two guests joining us today. Diana Loughlin joins us from Estes Park, Colorado where she is the tech guide at the Estes Valley Library. Diana will be telling us about their competency-based training program to help make staff become more tech savvy. Rachel Schmidt joins us from Sunnydale, California where she is the Adult Services Librarian at the Sunnydale Public Library. And she's going to tell us about the Tech Ninja program they developed to create an inclusive and self-paced learning experience for all library staff. My name is Crystal Schimpf and I'll be your host for today's webinar. Assisting us with chat and with Twitter we have Ginny Meese and Susan Bard from the TechSoup team. We'll be on Twitter using the at TechSoup for Libs handle and the hashtag TS4LIDS so we hope to see you there. Now we will have time for questions throughout the webinar so please send us your questions using the chat as they arise and we'll address as many as we're able to. If you ask a question that we're not able to address during the webinar we will follow up later via email with a response. Now this webinar again is being recorded and all of the slides, resources, and materials will be included in the archive of this webinar which you will receive in about two days. Now we'd like to know a little bit about you as well and what brought you to the webinar today so we're just going to do a few quick polls. So this first one we'd like to know our staff in your library or nonprofit if you're joining from a nonprofit today are your staff excited to learn about technology and try to think of the staff as a whole and what you can do is select one of these buttons and then click submit and then you'll be taken to the results and your result will be shared with us and you'll be able to see what everybody else is saying as well. I'm going to give you a few seconds for this and I know this can maybe be hard to assess. Some of you might have rather large staff so we're just looking kind of at the big picture here. Are your library staff excited about learning new technology or learning about technology? All right so it looks like we have about 3 fourths of everybody has submitted a response so I'm going to give you just a few more seconds and I'll close the poll in 3, 2, and 1. I'm going to close this now. All right and it looks like there's a pretty clear majority here that some are and some aren't so we have a real mix amongst our staff. I'm happy to see that about 14% of you say that yes staff are enthusiastic and excited about learning new technology and I know that for some of us that may not be the case but that people are really resistant to learning about technology. So hopefully in the stories that we hear today you'll get some ideas for how to increase that enthusiasm or maybe capture that enthusiasm if it already exists. All right so let's do one more poll here. Now this one, we're curious what library technology topics would be most needed for staff training in your library. And you can just select one of these. Which one of these would be most needed for staff training in your library? We do have another option here. You'll see that the options that we gave you really relate to the library resources and of course there are so many different technology topics out there we couldn't list them all but we thought well maybe let's start with these library topics that are most important, the library resources catalog, that sort of thing. So let us know which of these is most needed for staff training in your library. And I know it might take a few seconds to think about this. And of course if you're putting in other we'll see it in the chat. It's nice for us to see that. And seeing definitely things about the e-book, not just e-books but e-book readers coming through in the chat, office software, the desktop computer technology itself. Of course supporting people on their devices is a big concern. And then also talking about some of the internal library systems, ILS, that sort of thing, integrated library systems that people have that they need to learn in order to work in the library. Those are important technology tools as well aren't they? Things about coding and robotics. All right well seeing lots and lots of responses coming in in the chat, that's great to see. And also seeing that most of the poll is really slowing down at this point. So I'm going to close it in just a few seconds here. I'm seeing things coming in in the chat also mentioning upgrades to new software like Office 365 for example. So yeah definitely lots of things to be worried about when it comes to staff training. So I'm going to close the poll now in 3, 2, and 1. Close that. A few of you got your answers in right at the last second here. We have a clear lead with library e-resources. So those are the different digital resources, subscription databases, other tools that the library offers that you really want your patrons to be able to know about them of course, but also that means that staff needs to know how they work. And there are so many of those so I can understand that. Also e-books and public computer software got kind of a tie there. So definitely a big need there. All right, well thank you for sharing in these polls what your biggest concern was, and also kind of what your general status is in your library as far as technology training. And this is really just to set up our panelists today. So what I'm going to do now is I'm going to hand things over to Diana. And she is going, again Diana is joining us from the Estes Valley Library which is in Colorado. And she is going to tell us how she has helped, and her library has helped bring staff from Tech Chi to Tech Savvy. So Diana? Thank you so much Crystal. And it's so great to be here with all of you today. So I'm Diana Lachlan. I'm the Tech Guide at the Estes Valley Library. And I'm actually only 20 hours a week here at the library. I was hired two years ago. And for the first six months of my position, my only responsibility was to train the library staff in technology. Now I offer Tech classes to the public, book library and sessions, and I train our new staff. So we are a one branch library serving the town of Estes Park, Colorado and outlying communities. A few things that make our community unique were overall a retirement community. So about 50% of the people who live here are over the age of 50. And we could be defined as a very well educated community and also a well traveled community. This means that our library, the adult programs are very popular and our community values lifelong learning. I'll tell you a little bit about our staff. We have about 25 people on staff. Of course it varies by one or two people from time to time. And our teams include admin, circulation, technical services, adult services, youth services. And we use substitutes who cover the shifts on our desk in the event that one of our circ team members is not available.  And this came about because our library director wanted to increase the tech literacy of our staff before offering programs to increase the tech literacy of our community. So we created a formal training process for the staff to learn technical competencies. And this included preparing for a tech final assessment that the staff completed at the end of the six months of training so that we would have a way to measure each staff member's tech skill level. Here's the skills that we focused on in our staff tech training. Youth services, connecting mobile devices to the library's Wi-Fi, setting up the AV in our meeting rooms, which includes a projector and airplay for connecting Apple devices. Just some basic file management, you know, managing pictures and files on our staff share server. And using copiers and printers both for the public and for things that the staff do with copying and creating flyers and things like that. So as we started this tech training process, people were afraid. You know, the message the staff was hearing was kind of like, you have to learn these tech skills to keep your job. Well, that was true, but we were also giving the staff so many opportunities to learn and grow their skills over time that success was attainable. I started with a one-to-one meeting with each staff member so I could introduce myself and ask what kind of tech skills were important to them, ask what they wanted to learn, find out what their colleague needed to help with. And then we started by having each member of the staff fill out a self-evaluation on their tech skills. Then the first phase of our tech training was based on what people almost wanted help with. So especially at the beginning, I did things like just sit in the staff lunchroom and get to know people. And I tried to keep asking, you know, how can I help you do your job better? Because that was really my role, not to be some scary tech learning enforcer. And we could take it slow. We had six months to complete our tech training. And I told the staff that they don't need to know the answers to our customers' questions right off the top of their head. You know, what we were asking them to do instead was just to start by trying to figure out what the customer's question or issue was, and then look for a resource that might help them. If they're not successful in that process, then of course they can pass on the question to our technical services staff. So it's just like any reference interview where we would say, I'm not sure the answer to your question, but let's look for an answer together. So during most of our trainings, I would try to provide as much hands-on learning as possible. So oftentimes I would sit back and I would let our staff read through step-by-step instructions for what they were learning, and take turns with hands-on on the devices. This is kind of a silly picture. We have a tech scavenger hunt once a year that the staff get into a team and have matching bandanas, and have to go all over the library and complete different tasks together. So I'm not quite sure why she's holding a cow in the picture, but there you have it. So anyways, back to our six months of training. So the group trainings, typically I'd have two to six staff members attend at a time, so it was small groups, which was great for learning. And these group trainings weren't actually required. They were all optional. Instead the staff might choose to meet with me one-to-one for extra help, or they might choose to go to our staff website to get some resources where I had step-by-step instructions. And the idea was the staff could learn these skills any way they like. They are responsible for their learning in a way that works best for them. So I'll give you some specific examples of how I train the staff on connecting a mobile device to our library's Wi-Fi. And I'm sure this is going to sound familiar to many of you who are listening. So in order to connect a mobile device to our library Wi-Fi, the customer has to agree to terms of service which pop up in an Internet browser. Of course on older devices the Internet browser won't pop up automatically, or it pops up and people ignore it, or people don't know to scroll all the way down to the bottom of that pop-up where they need to push a button to agree. So in order to keep this training relevant for our staff, I showed the staff exactly how all of those common ways that our customers get stuck so that they would know how to help. In our group trainings I would demonstrate how to connect a number of different mobile devices to Wi-Fi, like iPad, Kindle Fire, Android Tablet, iPhone, and some of those were older devices. So the staff had to learn, okay, I open Safari or whatever the Internet browser is on the device in order to get the terms of service to pop up. And then I made this learning available in multiple formats. So I also had step-by-step directions on our staff website about how to connect to our Wi-Fi and all these common issues that come up with it. Then finally on the final assessment that staff completed, one of the tasks is a technical reference interview where I was pretending to be a library customer who was skipping the step of agreeing to the terms of the Wi-Fi and just trying to go right to my email on my mobile device. So staff had to troubleshoot through that common situation with me. Now of course, anytime we're asking people to learn new skills and to add additional responsibilities to their positions, of course there's going to be some resistance to that. Resistance is normal. And the way it looked for the staff at my library was a question that would come up and I actually never heard the question directly but I would hear it through the grapevine. And I think it was a good question. The question was why do we have to learn how to do the tech services job? Well the answer was you don't. So we were asking the staff to learn how to use all the tools that a customer can use at our library but we weren't asking them to learn the skills that the staff do. So for example, we wanted all the staff to be comfortable checking out and downloading an e-book to a mobile device. However, they didn't have to learn how to install the app for the e-book on five different kinds of devices. That was the responsibility for the tech services staff only. We wanted all of our staff to learn how to log onto and print from a public computer but they didn't have to learn how to manage the print queue. Does that make sense? I think it's an important distinction. And the other way that I noticed some resistance was I just needed to remind the staff to practice these skills. It's not enough to come to a group training and try a skill once and have it work and be like, okay, I've got it. You know, they won't really have it the next time the situation comes up especially when it comes up with a customer when they have a line of a dozen more customers waiting at the desk. So I got to say annoying teacher things like I noticed that the people who practice did the best on their midterm. That just seemed to help to remind people to practice. And I kept reminding the staff that the goal of all of this training and all of these extra responsibilities and learning that we're taking on is just to help us feel more confident in helping patrons and to help us support the tech literate community. It helped to keep these trainings as light and as fun as we could. I don't know about at your library. Strangely, I noticed that costumes are actually a motivating factor for the staff at my library. So I had a lot of success with like borrowing costumes from youth services, letting the staff dress up in a goofy way and take a picture of themselves with the green screen. I don't know why, but they loved it. And I wanted to point out in this picture, there's a woman in the center of the picture with her bandana on her head and she's wearing a pretty necklace and a purple shirt. That's actually our library director. So every single one of our staff participated in our tech training. And here's our library director on the yellow bandana team at our Tech Scavenger hunt. I think that was a great model for our staff to follow. So it was important to our library director to have a quantitative way to assess the staff's tech skills. She really wanted to see that after making this big investment in our staff, you know, six months of training, hiring me as a 20 hour per week position just to train the staff, she wanted to see some outcomes from that and see that our staff had learned our list of tech competencies. So we created a midterm and a final assessment to measure the staff's tech skills. And those were done as one to one appointments with me. So staff met with me one to one. The midterm took about 30 minutes. The final took about an hour. And with both assessments, the staff received a list of tech tasks that they needed to complete. And then I was just their shadow following them around as they completed those tasks. And in order to help me evaluate how they were doing, I created some really clear scoring. So the score that they received on each task of their assessment was based on how much time it took the staff member to complete the task, and also if they needed any hints or help from me while they were completing the task. They were welcome to bring any resources that they wanted so they could bring handouts or look up things on the website or have the step-by-step instructions with them. And all of that didn't change their score at all because that's how it is in real life, right? When we get a question, we have our resources available to help answer that question. By the way, Crystal is going to make these resources available to you. So you'll get an archive email after this webinar and included in that is going to be a link where I've made the midterm, the final assessment, the scoring, also our list of tech competencies available. And you'll also see the handouts from all of the tech classes that I offer to the public. So please feel free to look through that information and adapt it for use at your library. So with this scoring system in place for their assessments, the staff earned a score of an A through F on each of the tasks. And they really had to earn their scores. I was definitely holding them accountable. And that's why I have this quote about someone I overheard saying how proud she was of her B. So we decided that an 80% or better was required for their score on a final assessment. And three of our staff members had to retake their final assessment because they got D's or F's on it. Out of those, two of them ended up getting A's when they retook the final assessment. So it appeared the final assessment was that final nudge and motivating factor that they needed to be successful. And I will tell you that actually one member of our staff retired as a result of this tech training. And that was really sad. That was really hard for our staff. This process absolutely was challenging at times for our staff. I was asking them to learn new tech skills during some of the busiest times of our year. But I found that they absolutely rose to the occasion. Now we're seeing that our staff feel more confident helping our customers with tech questions that our customers' needs are being met more efficiently because now more often the first person they ask is able to help them. Our tech services staff is grateful for this training process because they're finding that they can better focus on their responsibilities and they're not getting as many calls for help from our staff. So with an average score of 90% on the final assessment, we can conclude, yes, our staff is tech literate. Of course, that's not the end. I continue to take new staff members through a similar process to get them up to board up to speed after they started with us. And we maintain the skills by having an annual tech scavenger hunt for the staff, which as you can see from our pictures is a lot of fun. They get to go all around the library doing different tech skills including dressing up in costumes in front of our green screen. So thank you so much for listening. Please send in your questions so I can try to help you understand and think about how to bring a program like this to your library. And Crystal, thanks for having me today. Great. Well, Diana, thank you for sharing this training program that you've put together. And certainly you've given us a lot of detail and I'm sure everybody's looking forward to taking a look at the resources that you've been so willing to share. We have had a few questions come in and you can continue to send your questions in and we'll get to as many as we can. And we have a few minutes for questions right now. And one area that I want to ask a couple of questions, Diana, is just getting at the staff and how you were able to allow the staff time. The first question is can you just repeat how many employees you have at the library? Great. We have 25 employees who all participated in this training. Great. And you mentioned that there were substitutes that also got to participate? They did. So we use substitutes on our service desk who help when the circulation staff are unavailable for their shift. And they participated too. And were those librarians or library assistants or mixed? Our library is kind of unique in that we actually don't have a lot of people who have completed their masters and who we would call librarians. So actually the majority of our staff we could classify as library assistants. They're bringing other kinds of talents to our team. Great. And then this question about time. So was the training done during work hours and was the library still open during that time? I know you said you did it in some smaller teams. So how did that work? Great. That's a great question. And I see a lot of those questions here in the chat right now. So when we did the Tech Scavenger hunt, that was pretty much the only time when every single member of our staff was required to be in the same room at the same time. And so we accomplished that when the library was closed. We closed the library two days out of the year for staff development. So the team was kind enough to give me a few hours during one of those days. All the other trainings happened pretty much while the library was open by me reserving one of our meeting rooms for us to use. And I would hold like with the group trainings I would offer each one at least three different times so that it would be more available to different people based on their schedules, based on their shifts. It was absolutely paid time for everyone. So in the case of someone who works on our service desk, they don't really have many hours beyond their on-desk time. So they were able to get from their supervisor's permission to spend extra additional hours to their normal schedule in order to fit in this tech training. Great. And then as far as the practice, I'm not sure you quite got to that part. So when people were working on individual practice, did they have to ask for time for that? Was it during their work day? How did that work? That's a great question. So it was during their work day. And if it wasn't possible for them to fit in that time because they're always on the desk or we have so many other responsibilities, they were allowed to have extra time. So come in a little earlier, leave a little later, and they were encouraged to spend that time even if it's by themselves just spending an hour to go into the meeting room and practice connecting a computer to the projector. They were encouraged to spend that extra time in their schedule so that they could accomplish this training. Great. Now we did have some specific interest in the scavenger hunt. And the first question is in the resources that you'll be sharing out in the archive on that resource page. Do you have an example of one of the scavenger hunts or is that something you'd be able to share with the audience? That's such a great question. I actually don't think I have the scavenger hunt listed at this time. Oh, I do actually. Okay, so I just checked the link. And yes, I have the scavenger hunt tasks available. So when you get this archive email link you will see the tasks that our staff got for the scavenger hunt. Great question. I'm glad that I stopped to share that with you. Great. And we are getting a whole lot of new questions coming in. We have about one more minute right now before we're going to move on and hear from Rachel. But I just want to let everybody know that if you've still got questions we'll follow up. We might have time before the end of the webinar, but if not we will follow up with you via email later on. So just to let you know if you've still got questions keep sending them in. But one more question about that scavenger hunt which is really, you know, was the goal of the scavenger hunt to kind of familiarize staff with what was out there, or was it to give them a practice opportunity? What was the purpose of the scavenger hunt in your mind? Great. I feel like the purpose was maintenance to maintain the skills that they had learned. A lot of the tasks were repeating things that they had already done, but maybe giving it a new shift, making it more fun, like adding costumes, like adding stuffed animals. So the idea was we've completed the six months of training, everyone's passed their final assessment. But of course we need to keep practicing. We need to get you back into the meeting room. We need to get you with an iPad in your hands again. So maintenance, but then adding some more fun and throwing in a few new things as well. Great. Well, it sounds like people really had a good time with the training. And you know, despite one person not sticking with the library afterwards, it seems like the majority really enjoyed it and that it was a very fun and engaging training. So thank you for sharing it with us. Thank you for having me today. Great. And we'll see. We might have some time for some more questions for Diana at the end, but I know we want to also hear from Rachel. So at this point I'm going to hand things over to Rachel just to remind you she's joining us from the Sunnyvale Public Library in California, and she's going to tell us about the self-paced Tech Ninja training which they implemented for their library staff. Rachel? Hi everyone. So excited to be here with you all virtually. And I just wanted to start with sort of a description of our library here in Sunnyvale. We're located probably about 30 minutes, 40 minutes drive from San Francisco in between San Jose and San Francisco. So we are in the heart of Silicon Valley. We have one library in the city of Sunnyvale, and it's a very big library. Our city is about 147,000 people, and we have about 55,000 people coming through the library every month over a million checkouts a year. So that's just sort of a picture of our library. So I have a few questions for you, and obviously I won't be able to hear your answer, but I think your answers will be yes. The first one is do you want to see your library management team do something embarrassing? I'm going to just say that you'd say yes. So in this picture you see one of our library administrators, Patrick Sweeney, doing a sing-along. He's playing this song, The Load by the Band. So that song that goes take a load off of me, take a load for free. It was great. Basically the staff got to see him do that and sing along with him. On the right we have Sue Kaplan who's one of our children's supervising librarians. And she did the best, very entertaining, silent performance of green eggs and ham. And that was like a great picture of her face. My second question is, does your staff training need a recharge? And I think most of you will probably say yes. This is actually a picture of my puppy and one of my best friends after a long weekend camping. And we were pooped out as you can tell. So check out our staff in Sunnyvale. It's a very large staff. We have anywhere from 35 to 65 staff members in the building at all times. I said we're a pretty large library. So what we wanted, we had a few goals with this Tech Ninja training. We wanted to get everyone on the same page with our customer service. So when you walk into the library many patrons have the same questions. How do I find eBooks? How do I sign up for 3D printing? How do I access my account online? They're all very similar questions. And we wanted to make sure that staff in every department felt comfortable answering these questions. Maybe not helping people download the eBooks kind of as Diana was talking, there's a difference. But we want our staff to feel comfortable with pointing them to the resources and just being aware of the resources that we do have. And so what we did was we created a 7-week Tech Ninja training. And the training consisted of answering these, you know, showing people how to access these frequently asked questions. So like I said, you know, examining the OPEC. Where do you find eBooks? Where do I find this on the webpage? Things like that. And when we took this to the management team originally, we asked how can we, you know, give the staff prizes for this all-staff training? Is there a fund we can touch? Can we have a piece of party? And the library management staff said there isn't a fund. So we had to get extremely creative. And what we did was we asked the management team if they would share a little piece of themselves with the staff if they all completed these goals. And so when I said that the management team were going to do embarrassing things, they really weren't embarrassing. But they did go out on a limb and share a piece of themselves. So Patrick did play on his guitar. Sue did do a Green Eggs and Ham. My boss, Christine Mendoza, played Love is an Open Door from Frozen on Her Flute. And our director at the time, Lisa, made brownies if we completed all these goals. And so this was an all-mandatory team challenge. Everyone had to participate. And what we did was each week you had to go to this website that we all created. It was three librarians that got together to kind of make this training exist. So if you visit sllibrary.wordpress.com you can check out all of our challenges. And basically I just want to read to you a little description of how we sort of started. So this kind of gives you the feel of what this ninja training is all about. Welcome, young ninjas. You are embarking on a tech journey. Here are the steps. You found this site. Yay. Each week look for a new mission to complete. Each mission has three tasks and an optional bonus. You are not alone. Ask anyone for help. Upon completion click on the mission's name and leave a reply. In that reply you say Mission Accomplished. We are all working together to win prizes donated by the managers. Master the tasks, log your comments, and watch the ninja meter rise. Together we will all become ninja masters. So that's sort of the style in which we took. It was extremely fun coming up with this language. I think I definitely looked at 80's Nintendo games for like sort of Legend of Zelda style for these descriptions. But we wanted to make it fun. We wanted to make it very accessible for staff. And all staff was able, was granted free time to do this on a weekly basis. So we did seven ninja skills. And each week over seven weeks they would have to do three tasks. And at the end of those three tasks they would complete their missions. So that's kind of how it worked. And we set up laptops all over the library if some staff weren't able to access the computer so that it was very accessible. We checked in with all staff to make sure that they were really trying to complete the task. And they felt comfortable and we would, all the librarian mentors would walk around and make sure that they were comfortable with these tasks. So these were the topics that we did cover. Like I said, we went over OPEC, how to find stuff. We used Discover and Go which is a museum passes service. And all these things are sort of hidden in our website. Library websites are not the best things. And ours definitely is not. And it's pretty hard to find certain things. And so just even showing staff the quick way of accessing things is really important. And so I'll give you an example of one of the tasks that we did do. So the DVD car rolls out. Customers are hovering and waiting for their moment to pounce. And I'm sure you guys have this at your library too. A guy walks up to the desk and asks, how do I find what the newest movies are? And then on our site, actually this is our OPEC. This is a picture. We actually, we create a link for all of our new arrivals which that large arrow is pointing to. And that's a very hot link. I mean that link is really helpful for all of the librarians for sure, but staff and people that want new movies are all over that link. But our circulation staff doesn't necessarily use that. So we wanted to make sure that people realize that that is a quick way of getting the information. Another example is everyone wants to know about eBooks. And they know when they walk up to our information desk. By the way, our information desk is Combined Circulation and Librarian Desk. So it's a reference circulation desk. And so when people walk up, they're not sure they're talking to a librarian or whoever. And so they might just say, I want to know how to get free eBooks. And most of the staff pre this training just handed it off to a librarian. But what we wanted was people to just be able to show where to access these things on our website. So it was more of a clean handoff. And so this is just a picture of someone. Wanting eBooks, and we just did a sample test. Like, you plan on traveling to a warm tropical destination once this whole ninja thing is over. How will you use the catalog to build a virtual list of items you'd like to read on the beach? And then hint, you must find and add the items to your cart. And we're just giving people tips on how to find those and how to help patrons find them as well. And our circulation staff actually answers a lot of the phone questions too. So that helps them when they're talking to someone and patrons about accessing things through their account online. So yeah, that's another example that we use for our tasks. And then our last task was would you like fries with that? The art of upselling. So once all staff were able to find and navigate to these resources and perhaps also show patrons how to do that, how do they share that information with the staff? So we really wanted, just like when you walk into a Starbucks when they try to offer you a muffin or whatever, we wanted our library staff to be able and feel comfortable doing that as well. So when someone says, oh, here's your library card. You can also access Consumer Reports. And we have a 3D printer which you can sign up through this way. So I think that in the end, we had a pretty high participation. We did get Lisa's brownies at the end which is great. We accomplished all the missions. But what we really did is we bonded together as a staff. So this was like, I've been here almost 5 years. And this was the first all staff training that I had participated in. And probably like a lot of your libraries, you're going through an influx right now where there are a lot of new staff members coming in. People are retiring. And so we've been hiring like crazy. And it's just what we really needed was a fun way to bond with staff in a library way. And so that's kind of what we did do. So yeah, that's about it. Great. Well Rachel, thank you for sharing your Tech Ninja training program, your library's Tech Ninja training program. And interesting because it's a very different style of going about the training than what Diana shared with us, but still obviously very effective and very fun. And we've had a few questions come in and we have time for that now. And I'll just let everybody in the audience know if you have any questions you would like to send in, there's plenty of time for you to do that now. We'll get to as many as we can before our time is up today. Rachel, one of the questions that has come up so far also relates to time, but really relates to the time it took you and your team to create the online Ninja challenge. So how much time did it take? And was it easy or was it difficult? It was extremely fun. If you go and check that out, we definitely, I think the fun part was trying to create this lingo of whatever Tech Ninja versus Legend of Zelda is, whatever. But I don't think it took too much time. I would say maybe from 3 librarians worked on it together from different departments. And we probably spent a total overall 3 hours each maybe. And that includes our meetings because the tasks are not terribly hard. If you go and check it out, there are things that we talk about every day in the library. So it was pretty easiest for us to come up with these things. And then there's the website part which maybe took a little extra time. But we've done WordPress a lot here, so we're pretty comfortable with using it. Yeah, yeah. Now speaking of the website, just want to clarify. So on that website are we able to see all of the 7 challenges that you had? You are. WordPress is a little weird in that it shows the 7th first because it's sequential, so it will just show the last one first. If you scroll down you should be able to see every mission that we did do. Great. And just again to remind everybody listening in that we will share that link in the archive which you will receive by the end of the week. So if you didn't snag that URL then we'll get that to you soon enough and you can go take a look there. So another question that's coming up is, was there any resistance to this being mandatory? And I'm sure you have many different job classifications, so was there any resistance there? And if so, how did you handle that? Well, I mean our mandatory was kind of mandatory. So yes, everyone was in theory supposed to do these things. Now did everyone do it? Probably 80% did. And actually we as the team that led this tried to encourage our librarians, fellow librarians, colleagues to participate. And they were the least to participate and same with the management team. So we actually had a really high participation rate amongst the staff that we wanted to really connect with as far as circulation, our tech services, people that are on the desk, but maybe have never had the okay to answer these reference style questions when they're really informational based questions. So it's sort of a shift in the way our library was thinking as well. So basically I mean I would have hoped to have more participation from the librarians here, but it was a little lower than I thought I guess. And in terms of participation, it sounds like you kind of handled this in a way where you wanted it to be mandatory. It sounds like there wasn't really any consequence, is that right, for not completing it. Now was there an assignment? So how did you see if staff had actually participated? What was their end product? So if you visit the webpage, each week they had three tasks and they had to complete those in theory. We never knew for sure if they did them, but at the end of completing those they would leave a comment with their name on the WordPress blog saying Mission Accomplished with their name. So in that way that's how we knew that they completed the task or the mission for the week. And you mentioned that some people worked together on this. How did that work? Or did you hear how people were using that collaborative effort? Well we set up sort of laptops over in circulation because the majority of their computers are used for working, checking in materials. And so we would see people sort of trying to enter these tasks together and then librarians would also go in and sort of walk around. I mean these weren't scheduled so they didn't have to do them at a certain time. You just basically had to do it by the end of the week, but we saw a large collaboration amongst the staff as they were talking about how to complete these things. So amongst circulation staff for example they'll have some people that are just a lot more techie than some other ones. So they would work together to complete those tasks together. It does to me, and if it doesn't to those of you listening please send us more questions. We still got some time and we're making our way through the questions as we go. So another question similar to the collaboration, but did anybody approach you or the other creators of this training for help? Did anybody come to you and say, you know, I'm having difficulty with this question? Oh definitely. Yeah we sort of called ourselves Ninja Masters and we were just like, okay please. And I did my best on a weekly basis to sort of drum up the excitement because I think this could be a boring thing, but if you talk about it and you say, I mean if you check out our tasks you'll see that they're quite funny and you know it could be a fun training. So what I would do is sort of walk around and you know at the beginning of the week say, oh we posted the things and let's go check it out and let me know if you just sort of making sure that people knew that if they needed to ask a question that we were all there to answer. Great. Now one more kind of serious question just about the way you planned this all out. Did you have any formal evaluation or is it just the anecdotal feedback you've been getting so far? No formal evaluation. And do you think you'll do something similar to this again? I think so. We're actually, we're in the works right now of getting a new website. So I was just talking about, and I do think, I mean I think this worked well, but I think in the next stage I might go a little bit more along the lines of Diana's because hers seems more interactive and I want to sort of force people to be interactive not just on a computer. So you know I love Diana's approach. I don't think at the time we had that much time to spend dedicated to that, but once you get a new website we may, we're going to need that kind of training. So I'm pretty excited about working on that. Great, great. Well I have one more question for you Rachel, and then I think we'll bring Diana back on the line and have a few questions for both of you before we sign off. But you know we got a question Rachel about the style of this training, and somebody says it's fun and maybe a bit outrageous. And does that style match the corporate culture or the culture of your library or did you have to kind of stretch or push the organization in that direction? And the person who wrote this says, I love what you did, but I'm in an academic library so no one has done anything off the grid. So tell us a little bit about the style of this training. I definitely think, like I said, I had not seen any kind of training at all since I had been here, especially as like an all staff level. And so I think we wanted, as the training team got together, we wanted to definitely be extremely lighthearted because they think that there were areas of sensitivity among staff, especially with tech issues. And so we wanted to be very lighthearted. And the culture here sort of hadn't been that, but I think this sort of brought in a lightheartedness that we really needed, and we pitched it really well. So I think actually this was a step in a new direction of culture. Does that make sense? That does. And it's actually interesting to hear that because I think in watching it you think, oh gosh, this library does all this fun stuff. And so it's really interesting to hear that this was a new step in that direction for you to do something more fun and engaging. And that you saw that as a way to engage people on a very difficult topic. So I'm glad you shared that with us and thanks to the person who asked that question. And actually that leads us to a question I wanted to bring Diana in on this one. And maybe Diana if you're there we'll have you take this one first, which is we've had a few questions now about the resistance or people participating. And one person asked, do you think that age was at all a factor in the acceptance or resistance to this training? Or did that not really seem to be the issue? So Diana, do you have anything on that note? That's such a good question. I probably can say that yes, I interacted with, I'd say two members of our staff who are kind of what everyone has in their mind right now. Someone who's a few years away from retirement has done enough to keep their tech skills up to date but doesn't exactly reach out and embrace all the new technologies that are coming to us these days. So yes, I definitely worked with a few people that I think would fit that category. But I also found that it varied. I noticed a couple of our younger staff members who you think would be really tech savvy and I'm sure that they are at home in their personal lives. I almost saw from them this kind of like, oh, I'm sure I can figure this all out. I don't have to come to training. I don't have to come to practice. I can usually just figure things out and that's how I'll do my final assessment. And some of them didn't do as well on their final assessment because it really does help to practice these skills. Yeah, and Rachel, what about you? Did you have any issues related to age or that you could speak to? I wouldn't say age. I would say the division amongst departments from the past. So I think since we're such a large library that each department does what they do and they do it well but there's not a lot of cross. So when someone walks up to the circulation they're like, we do this and they do that. And that's the thing we were trying to fight. And that's the thing, sorry, it seems like crazy, but that's the thing we were trying to sort of break down I guess I should say because we wanted like a comfort level. And so I wouldn't say it was age at all. It was just maybe the culture from before and then what we were trying to bring in is what we were kind of working with and dealing with. I'd like to add one thing I noticed in terms of departments that Rachel mentioned. I think I saw the same thing you did which was the participation was most challenging with the tech services staff most ironically because we were trying to help them and also with management just because they're so busy. They have so many responsibilities. So those are the ones I had to follow up with I feel like more often just to make sure they were scheduling their assessments and throwing the time frames they needed to and that sort of thing. Well thank you so much for sharing both the answers to these questions. I know they weren't all easy questions to answer but also just clearly we can see that you both put together very well thought out programs and that you gave a lot of care to the way that you work with the people in your libraries to help them develop these new technology skills. I know there are some questions we weren't able to get to but we will follow up with those of you via emails. We did not answer your question. You'll be hearing from us soon. But right now it is time for us to wrap up. So I'll just remind you that you will get an archive email within a few days that will include all of the information from this webinar, the PowerPoint, the recording and also the links to each of the resource pages so you'll be able to access those on your own. I do have just a few announcements so if you'll stay on the line and then we'll have just a very brief survey at the end where you'll be able to tell us what you thought of today's webinar. But a couple of announcements you might be interested in. First of all, if you're interested in a product called GrantStation, this is a very special product from TechSoup that is on a discounted one-year membership and today is the last day for that so we wanted to make sure you know it is $99. It's a $600 discount off the retail price and you can get that through today at techsoup.org-grantstation. We'll put that link in the chat. Also, we have several upcoming webinars. Two that might be of interest is next week on Wednesday. We have one about a product called Silk that can help bring your organization's story to life through data visualization so that's pretty interesting. And then our next library's webinar will be on February 17th and we will have guests from the DPLA, Digital Public Library of America, sharing resources for getting started with digitization and you can find that on the TechSoup webinar page and also view archives of past webinars there. I am happy to share with you that the TechSoup for Libraries webpage recently got a new look so check it out if you haven't been there in a while. TechSoup for Libraries is a division that addresses the specific technology needs for public libraries and we collect and share stories from public libraries about utilizing technology and we share them via webinars and blogs, etc. So visit us at TechSoupforLibraries.org to share your story and read stories from others that have been shared. Again, just one more brief moment. We'll share a survey with you at the end but I just would again like to thank Diana and Rachel for sharing their training programs today. Thanks, ReadyTalk for being our sponsor and of course thank you for joining us today and hearing what we had to say. Have a great afternoon everybody.


Shooting leaves one dead suspect in custody. A new hotel is planned for Plymouth. School threats under investigation. These and other local stories are coming up on this edition of Community News Review. This is Community News Review, a service WSDS-TV news content, provided by WHBL. I'm Maddie Fister and this is Community News Review for Tuesday, September 24th, 2019. One person is dead and another is in police custody after a shooting in Sheboyan. It happened around 5 o'clock PM on Monday in the parking lot of the cash store on South Business Drive. Police say when they arrived they found one person dead at the scene and a short time later a person was taken into custody and a gun was located. Police stress that the public is in no danger and they are expected to release more information later today. An investigation is underway after a threat was apparently made yesterday to Sheboyan Falls Middle School. Police say it all began with comments allegedly made by a student. Those comments began circulating on social media, which is when police responded. Shortly thereafter, police say they were able to determine that there was no danger to the school or to the public. According to the police, the student who made the comments was arrested and faces felony charges of making terroristic threats. Police say in Sheboyan they're still looking into three separate threats to Sheboyan South High School. The most recent one happened this past Thursday, resulting in the arrest of a 14-year-old boy. He apparently called indicating a shooter with a handgun was inside. That threat was later deemed to be false, ending a brief lockdown at the school. After further investigation, police were able to find the boy who allegedly made the call and now they are trying to determine who else might have been in on it. They say they are also trying to figure out exactly from what location the call came from. Investigators say that they have determined that the call was intended to cause fear. However, there was never an actual threat. No gun or shooter was ever found and this was also the case in two other similar incidents that happened earlier this month. In both cases, a threat was made to the school. In each case, the threats were determined to be pranks and the teens were arrested. Police say that they take any threat of this nature very seriously and are urging anyone with information about these incidents or others to please contact the Sheboygan police. 65 new prosecutors were recently dispersed across the state, leaving Sheboygan County with funding for one and a half new assistant district attorneys. According to State Senator Devin Lemahue, though it's disappointing, Lemahue represents Sheboygan, Manitowoc, and Kalamit counties and say those areas need more than what was given. Last week, Governor Tony Evers Administration announced its plan to allocate 65 ADAs in Wisconsin. Due to the partial veto, the Evers Administration has a broad authority to determine where many of these new positions are allocated. Sheboygan and Manitowoc counties were each given funding for two new prosecutors each. Under the administration's plan, Manitowoc will only receive one new ADA. Lemahue says this is especially disappointing since the allocation approved by the legislature was based on a workload analysis. According to the analysis, Manitowoc County is currently staffed at 51% of the recommended level and Sheboygan County is at 62%. Milwaukee County is already more than fully staffed. A two-vehicle crash overnight in the town of Mosul may have been caused by drunk driving. According to the Sheboygan County Sheriff's Department, the crash happened overnight in the southbound lane of I-43 at County Road FF. Police say a woman and a child were in the car that was hit and both were seriously injured. Another person in the car was hit, suffered minor injuries. And the driver of the car that was struck, their vehicle suffered minor injuries as well as was arrested for an OWI. And finally, a tax incremental financing district in Plymouth has now been filled with approval of Cobblestone-branded hotel project. TIF District Number 4 gives incentives of about $400,000 for the hotel development and covers half the cost of a traffic impact study and potential traffic improvements in the road right away. The Plank Commission is waiting for an official site plan to be submitted before final approval is given for the construction of the Cobblestone Hotel, which would be located between Pick and Save and Advance Auto Parts on Eastern Avenue. And that was our report for today. Join me again on Thursday for more local news and information on Community News Review.