What's going on guys got Kyle and Donnie here with late in sports cards, and we are rip in 2023 pristine baseball four box break number one random team stop We did a randomizer for the break. I got Sean DW with the brace down to Evan J with the Orioles Good luck here guys can always check those results on our website late in sports cards comm Let's see what we got here. Yeah, I guess they haven't released anything on what exactly happened yet, but It's definitely that's crazy man I Ready guys, let's do it Me a moment here. We'll get everything all You got the form down from exactly yeah, I did get faster by Figure not where to do which one to a how to attack this thing Wow Wow Trailance is definitely going somewhere Look like he has to go somewhere now. He's yeah, yeah, I don't disagree with you. So It is a little bit a little over the top But that's why it's you need she Terry Unique's unique to are they only got four boxes Hey, thank you Denny taking some spots and tops crow again guys almanac. Can you see how much are left on those? Sunday night and Monday night. We got first five are sold out go to the go to the library's Almanac section. I don't know if he had a schedule yet, but you can see these are that way All right, so we still got all five six through ten still got spots to go guys in Almanac Gonna be Sunday night and Monday night Sunday night and Monday night. Definitely check it out here soon guys first one sold out very quickly I expect these will be gone by the end of the night for sure Case six through ten here Now it'll be Monday night first one was for Sunday night. Alrighty guys. Let's get going through some cards here David Wright Rookie Paraza. We've got a Julio on the oh snap. I can't snap my hands are full There's a Oswald Paraza on the rookie on portrait Yankees Riley Green rookie. There's a Corbin Carroll. Hello He's on the phone Brady Singer we've got a Bobby wit on the portrait So to castillo Yeah, I don't know. It looks like he's actually trying to talk. I don't know what he's doing There's a Julio swings of summer. That's a cool-looking one there for the Mariners and Going going gone big Mac. You know have Donnie be the be the snap of soundboard here Going going got another big Mac back-to-back Mac Not gonna steep that low There's a Hank Aaron going going gone and our refractors. We got an orange this one Sandy Alcantara 25 Marlins Austin Riley refractor and this one is nasty nester around the diamond go into the Yankees on the game use Jersey Auto Not numbered there. Nester Cortez nice one there Yankees on the nasty Carrie Carpenter silver rookie. We've got a blue Andre Dawson the hawk number to 75 rookie Alec Thomas or a second-year Alec Thomas Zach Thompson rookie got purple to 99 is Paul Goldschmidt Bregman and Naylor Ready now the mags here. We had a rookie pulsar Garrett Hill for the Tigers We've got auto. It's gonna be jazz chiseled on the portrait out of there for Miami. Oh nice Nice jazz. That one is not numbered on the portrait auto fresh faces auto That's why it's F F. It's called fresh face And this one is red nice three of five going to the Giants on the rookie David VR Nice hit their Giants on the red rookie three of five Slow number there. Thank you Yeah, I was gonna get the auto separate. Okay got pulsar pooholts Yeah, I probably won't to show all the mags, but and but a day there another Marlins auto Two for three on the autos there for the Marlins not numbered pristine auto Nice one there blood day And orange the 25 we got Johnny bench for the Reds What is 20 to 25 Johnny bench?  I would not expect to see on the raise On that card Carl Good evening, sir. Howdy. How you doing today Carl? You tattooing anybody right now?  Gotcha Just enjoying the show, huh?  Yeah I've got to spread the word One client at a time. Thank you for she taking spots Nate Steven Appreciate everybody helping us fill up tonight man. Really doing well. I need a little bit of help on NTP YT Other than that guys were filling up nicely got some NT and iMac two box mixers as well at the end of the night with spots to go So check those out guys Football gonna be fun at the end of the night here got some luminance some NT All right, you guys going through some base here JJ blood day rookie. There's a kodai Senga fresh faces rookie Mets There's a going going gone one Soto Padres Masataka Yoshida base rookie Going going gone of big poppy and a Big Mac going going gone Triple G Brett Beatty fresh faces Mets Moreno and Adley Clutchman on the oh snap Had a free hand that time not a very good snap though Kind of fell short Yuli Gurriel there. We've got purple number two ninety nine rookie Matthew baton Padres Who holds K line? This one is blue to 75 could tell Marta D-backs and buddy Kennedy rookie D-backs and Our Jersey Otto is going to be around the diamond Jersey Otto Dylan seats white socks Good-looking mustache on Dylan seats there White socks on the base Jersey Otto Brown Muto and purple the 99 Trevor Hoffman now for the mags. This is what I was talking about Kansako on the rays there Jose Kansako Interesting weird base there for the race Kansako we've got Otto for the Phillies rookie Silver Otto Cody Clements Yeah, they sold out quick tonight Bobby for sure Illuminance was selling a selling really quick tonight Got a Hayden was Neske number to 75 on the blue pulsar of cups And a Hayden was Neske regular pulse are not numbered Cubbies as well Nice one here. We got veteran Otto Manny Machado for the Padres there now when it's number two and ninety nine Nice hit their Padres on the Machado Otto. I like that Machado Otto and gold is William Contreras for the brew crew number to 50 41 of 50 brewers Righty guys box three Got four of these four boxers coming Yeah, it's it's a tougher one man. It is a high-end product, but you can get some great hits out of there for sure You can get some fire for sure Got a silver Stefanik rookie and been intending Try just go through it this time steeped out goes faster. There's a going-going gone Babe Ruth I know Refractor a rookie of Evan Lee and purple is Rafi to 99. There's a masataka fresh faces Red Sox got a refractor Cal Ripken and Willie Mates Masatake Yoshida face rookie Michael Harris face rookie and Oh snap Mookie Betts Jose Barrio space and orange is gonna be William Contreras brew crew 225 so going-going gone chipper redemption Ty France should be a Jersey Otto on this one around the diamond auto relic Riley green nice one there tigers on the rookie on game use Jersey Otto Nice one there tigers Riley green like that nice hit tigers Got a Brett Beatty fresh faces base or silver rookie Josh Smith and blue is Correa the 75 Thomas And going-going gone the kid He and Griffey and our mags got Ian Hap on the base pulsar Cubbies That one is Joe Musgrove on the pulsar auto Padres number 299 second veteran auto Padres We've got Kyle Tucker blue pulsar to 75 for these strokes Ricky Henderson pulsar not numbered ace We've got silver rookie Otto Miguel Vargas going to the Dodgers that one is not numbered on the base pristine Silver Auto Vargas for the Dodgers and gold on the back is going to the Blue Jays. It's gonna be Alejandro Kirk number 250 49 of 50 Kirk And one more box full Yeah, I gotta like break these boxes apart. It's like four of them fit in the trash In a whole trash can right you guys box for and this was four box number one Get four of these going today Hey, thank you Sean grabbing a spot in luminance and Drew grabbing some NT Grab three in the mixer. Thank you Drew and thank you Sean grabbing a spot in luminance number 20 Filling up nicely on everything tonight guys. Appreciate it Yeah I think I'll roll with it got a silver rookie buddy Kennedy and silver rookie Lee over Pagaro But he Kennedy base rookie and J. J. Bladet fresh faces ace Silver Clemency and Bogarts Schwab on and judgy on the oh snap To snap Donnie away Valdez we got purple the 99 Dave Winfield That was stank man, I just started disappearing Forgot I had that power dang it Darn not again Gotta ain't going going gone be Ruth. They'd be a great animation like parody where it's like that. This is like a normal Everday human just randomly snaps. Oh, I forgot. No, Nick Prado. There's a nice one James out in there go to 15 I said their Dodgers Bar out man No, I don't like it to 50 Yeah, yeah, that's true. I did not I did not I did not commit like Sam Wood There's a Adley clutch man. Nice one. They're fresh faces Bo Nailer rookie refractor and this one is gonna be Tori Hunter on the rookie Jersey auto around the diamond there Pulsar is 52 of 99. I said their 20s Around the diamond Tori Hunter on the Jersey auto packs man. I Hate the stickiness of it. Why does it stick to the other one? Bo Nailer rookie Ridiculous There's a going going gone Francisco Terry Larkin and blue. This one's the 75 gray rod rookie for the Orioles Grayson Rodriguez now K-line and going going gone Beltray Alrighty guys just got some mags left First we had Yuli Gurriel not numbered Astros Had orange rookie Otto to 25 Lee over Pagaro 19 to 25 Pirates on the rookie Otto Behind that we have one gone for the Rangers their number to 75 on the blue bases Brandon Crawford not number Giants Got a silver rookie Otto Vinny Pasquitino. I want to go to the Royals Silver rookie Otto and a orange orange Pulsar Jay Ram Don't mess with Jay Ram To 25 there five at 25 Alrighty guys do a quick hit recap on this one. We'll get going on number two Got a round the diamond Jersey Otto Tori Hunter twins in 99. We had around the diamond Jersey Otto Riley Green Tigers rookie What's up rich? I did see a little bit of that. You had it going you had it going Dylan cease there around the diamond base White socks. We had nasty nester around the diamond for Yankees our Magdottos We had a silver Vinny Pasquitino Royals had orange to 25 Lee over Pagaro Pirates Vargas on the base Otto Dodgers not numbered had Joe Musgrove to 99 Padres We had many Machado nice one there all started 99 Padres Cody Clemens base Otto Silver. We had JJ Bleday Silver Otto and on the back We had Jazz Chisholm on the fresh faces Otto Marlins Alrighty there guys that'll do it for four box number one. Let's get forward box number two going here in just a moment


All right, so I am here to talk about the anti-kernel. As was mentioned, this was originally my PhD thesis work. I've continued it in my spare time since then. So I'm going to begin by making a somewhat unusual and radical claim, which is why my talk is in the New Directions section, which is that having any software whatsoever running in ring zero violates least required privilege. And the reason for this is that if you think about all the different subsystems in a modern kernel, which one of those subsystems needs the ability to talk to private registers of hardware, to read stack data from a user space application, to modify your page tables of user space applications, to write to arbitrary data on desk. Collectively, the OS needs all those capabilities. No one subsystem needs all of that. And so the conclusion I draw from this is that having software running in ring zero, any software whatsoever violates least required privilege. So the thinking is micro kernels are a good idea. They certainly improve the state of the art beyond monolithic kernels. And so the problem is they still have software running in ring zero. So the question is, can we get down there? Is it possible to have an operating system that does not have any software running in ring zero and still provides all the services we expect from a modern operating system? So the one architecture that I drew inspiration from was the extra kernel. This was from MIT back in the mid 90s. And the extra kernel was a performance optimized system. They were not targeting the security world at all. So their idea was that we have a lot of abstractions in modern operating systems. And these abstractions often are bad for performance. So suppose we have some word processor. We probably want to have a file system abstraction. We want to have some caching on there. So if we read some data from the document that we've been working with recently, we want to have that resident so it'll load faster. The problem is, what if we have something like a DHTP server? So this typically doesn't do a lot of disk I.O. It's just persisting leases to disks that if the server shuts down and we reboot the machine that we have some ability to remember who had what address. And so in this case, we don't need a name file system. We just need some place we can store data. Not only that, we don't necessarily want caching because we're not going to be reading from it all that often. Why do we want to waste cash bandwidth somebody else could use? So the extra kind of approach is to split memory or resource protection and segmentation from abstraction such that the driver simply divides resource into blocks and controls access to those blocks. And everything beyond there is implemented by Unispace libraries, microkernel servers, et cetera. And so what the original paper missed because they weren't trying to solve a security problem. They were trying to solve a performance problem. Was that shrinking this attack surface or that was shrinking the drivers minimized the attack surface of the driver stack as well. And so I started thinking, what does the kernel actually have to do? What are the things that we cannot avoid doing outside of the user space process? So as far as I can tell, this was we have to be able to time share a CPU between process. Obviously we can't do that in the context of one process. We have to have the processes provided with some interface to talk to each other and to talk to hardware and drivers. And we need to be able to manage memory at the page level. Everything below page level can be done in libc just like it's done on Linux or whatever. And so then I started looking closely to see, okay, so these things clearly cannot be done in user space. Do they have to be done in ring zero? So the first one is time sharing the CPU. So there are existing tools for doing this. We have barrel processors, we have hyperthreading. So how much more work is it to add a run queue to the CPU such that we can context switch and manage threading completely without software interaction? So in our example here, we've got four hardware threads, one, two, three, four. We've got an array of program counters instead of just one. We've got some bank register file. And so we can time share the CPU between multiple threads and not have software involvement. Again, this already exists, this is nothing new. And so the nice thing about this is it's fairly simple. It's a relatively minimal gate count. If you've already got a superscalar hyperthreaded processor, adding a full run queue to it is basically one FIFO and a couple of gates around there. So very minimal resource overhead. And it also, if you just go with a straight FIFO instead of something more complicated, it gives you a nice deterministic performance, good for hard real-time systems. And the key benefit from this though is we also have no possibility of state corruption going in or out of this system. It is isolated, it does its own thing and it doesn't matter what's going on to the rest of the system on ship, you're still gonna have your threads executing in sequence. And so now let's start thinking about how we can have our applications running on this CPU talk to hardware. So instead of going with the classic shared bus architecture, I switched to a package-explosion network on ship. Again, these already exist, there's nothing that unusual. But the nice thing is if we've got a multi-threaded CPU on here, we have hardware threading. The CPU knows what thread is currently executing. So what if instead of having one network address for the CPU, what if we give it a whole subnet? And what if we have one address for each thread running on that CPU? So in our example, we've got two addresses for application one, application two, and we also have one address on the CPU for management itself. So now we have an out-of-band interface we can use to talk to the CPU rather than software running on the CPU. And also just to be clear, I'm using IPv6 style notation just to denote the addressing in subnets. I'm not actually running IP on the interconnect, obviously it's something optimized for low level on ship stuff. And the addresses I'm using in the prototype are 16 bits long. So a slash 16 is one address, a slash 12 is four addresses, and so on. I'm sorry, a slash 14. And so you can see here, we've also got some peripherals hanging off here, so RAM and flash. So what I did was I extended the CPU is based on the MIPS instruction set. It is not actually MIPS compatible. I reused enough of MIPS that MIPS GCC can target it with a few modifications or with a few flags I should say. And so this has the nice feature that we have a syscall instruction. And if we're trying to avoid running stuff in ring zero, we shouldn't ever have a syscall vector. So we can repurpose the syscall instruction to send messages. So I went with two parallel networks instead of one for the sake of simplicity and making the system easier to analyze. I have what I call the RPC network, which is obviously used for remote procedure calls and also for things like interrupt requests. These are four 32 bit words each per packet, fixed size datagrams, and kind of serves the same function as IO control. So if you want to send a message to flash, you'll send a message using the syscall instruction set A zero to the address of flash, set the high bits of A zero to blocking send, non-blocking send, et cetera. Then A one, A two, A three registers are the payload of your message. And then we also have the DMA network which is used for bulk data plane traffic. So cache lines, DMA of data from network, DMA of data to desk, et cetera. And so while this certainly could be merged into one network, a lot of the correctness analysis is a lot easier if you have data plane and control plane separated. And fundamentally both of these networks provide reliable datagrams. So we have in order delivery between any pair of endpoints, there's no way to ensure ordering, if I send two messages to two different endpoints, congestion further down the network can mean one will arrive first or the other. They don't necessarily arrive in the order they're sending. However, if I send messages from one node to another node, they'll always arrive in feeful order.  And I also have guaranteed minimum QoS so you can do hard real time on here. So each router is guaranteeing that you have one fifth of the available bandwidth per hop. The network is a quadtree of the prototype. So four downstream ports, one upstream port. So you're guaranteed as a minimum one fifth of the available bandwidth. And if other nodes are not using that bandwidth, then you can burst and use that. And so the nice thing about this is that this allows us to do network-based access control. So remember, this is all on chip. It's not exposed to the adversary unless someone is trying to probe your die and fib it and so on. And that is currently outside my threat model. There's plenty of existing, perfectly good research on physical attack countermeasures. I am specifically trying to target software-based attackers. And so the network is accessed via a fully verified transceiver core. And the nice thing about this is once I've proven that this transceiver core will always send correct, well-formed messages, as the system integrator, I can take arbitrary black box third party IP cores, connect them to this transceiver, and I can make certain strong guarantees about system behavior knowing nothing about that net list. So I'm able to guarantee that this block, whatever it is, as a minimum, it cannot prevent any other node from sending traffic. It cannot prevent any packets from being delivered. It cannot observe or modify the contents of anybody else's traffic. And anytime it sends a message, it cannot misrepresent who it's from. So this allows us to use the packet headers for access control and we can determine who sent a message and grant or deny the request based on the source address. So at this point, obviously in a process communication, it's trivial because we have a unique address for each application on the network, so we can just send a message from one application, right back out into the network, and to the other process. So at this point, the only thing left from that list of four items that we can't do in user space is memory management. So turns out we can get rid of this too, because since we have this ability for the individual nodes in the network to authenticate messages based on their origins, now we can do the access control at the physical address level in the individual devices. So remember in the exit kernel, the goal of each driver is to encapsulate a resource, divide it up into chunks and let everything beyond there be handled by the user space. So if all we wanna do is take memory and divide it up into pages and keep track of who owns which page, the data structures required for this are unbelievably simple. It comes out to be a FIFO of free pages and an erase during an owner free page. Very low gate count. So at this point, we can have the processor MMU, no longer be security critical. The MMU now provides translation so that we can map from 16 bit routing address plus 32 bit address within each block down to a 32 or 64 bit address in application software. But this is simply convenient so I can take pages of different stuff and map them at, say, whatever my linker script says my stack should be at or wherever my dot data segment should be and so on. But this does not provide any security because the security is provided at the physical address level. So I can map anything I want and if I try to dereference a pointer that points at something I don't have permissions to, I'm just gonna take off the first time I dereference that pointer. And so now we can have the CPU provide through this management address, provide direct access to my page table from user space. All I have to do is send a message to it saying create a new mapping for the following physical address, following virtual address. And this provides me with some abstraction. I don't have to worry about what the page table looks like under the hood but I don't need any other permissions to do it. And so the RAM controller is now able to be smart and create page mapping or sort of create physical address allocations for me in hardware. So we send an allocator request to RAM, we get back physical address 8-0-0-0, then we send an MAP request to the CPU when say, oh, we wanna map it at 4141000 and then it says, all right, sure, you're good. And so the nice thing about this is that since the data structures are so simple, it is relatively easy to test and verify this. I don't have a full formal correctness proof of the RAM controller at this point. I do have a fairly extensive conventional verification suite and I do have plans in the longer term of doing formal correctness testing on the RAM controller. So far, the main component that does have correctness proofs at this point is the interconnect fabric itself. So the transceivers, the routers, and so on are proven correct, both link layer messages will get to the other end of the link correctly at a hop and then routing is shown correct as well that when I send a message through a router, it'll always go out the right part. So at this point, the question that you're probably wondering is what's left in ring zero? And turns out the answer is nothing. So now we can take all the privileged instructions from the ISA, delete them entirely. We don't need privileged instructions anymore because we now have all the services that a modern multitasking operating system provides either in hardware or an unprivileged user space. So we're running user space on bare metal and now we have what I term an anti-kernel which is an operating system that does not have a kernel. So a lot of you are probably thinking this is just a hardware microkernel. Well, the thing is in a microkernel, you still have some portion of software. It's smaller than a monolithic kernel but there's some section of software somewhere that does still have permissions to access all systems state. So if any of you remember the Intel sysrack bug from a couple of years ago where you could set an instruction mapped at the last virtual address in userland memory, issue assist call, then sysrack would restore all of your registers, leave you in ring zero permissions, return to an unmapped address, then jump to the exception handler with ring zero privileges and registers user space controls. At that point, it doesn't matter how big your kernel is. You've still got some software that has access to all systems state and guess what, that's you now. So the beauty of this system is that since you're decentralizing, there no longer is any single authority that has access to everything. The memory manager just manages page metadata. The thread scheduler just manages thread IDs and pushes the next one out to the register file. Worst case, if you manage to corrupt that thread scheduling logic, okay, it caused a denial of service. Now maybe one thread's not gonna execute and another one's gonna execute for more time but you still have no ability to corrupt that context. So everything is decentralized and each driver or subsystem manages its own state. So if you find an exploit in the API for that one particular module, you can corrupt the state of that module. That still gives you no access to anything else. There's no higher privilege to escalate to. And of course, since these are communicating in a limited and formally defined manner, this allows you to actually do correctness verification on a per module basis and know that there's no other interactions between them. That's one of the things I really like about hardware for formal correctness analysis. If you're trying to prove correctness of one thread in a RTOS, it becomes a lot harder especially if you're trying to prove correctness of one subsystem in a monolithic kernel. You're sharing one address space so one bad pointer anywhere outside the code you've proven correct has just thrown all of your proofs out the window. Whereas in hardware, it's a lot easier to say that barring analog effects like row hammer, if there are not wires coming into your module from some other module, directly or indirectly, they cannot affect your state. So it becomes much easier to say I've got this third party IP, I don't really know what it is, I don't fully trust it but I can at least say there are certain things that cannot do. And so this also means that your TCB is what you make it. If I have some large complex system, say I have a security core somewhere that does crypto of some data coming in from the network or something, I can take my key, I can store it in an on-chip RAM at block. I don't have to persist to disk. If I do persist to disk, maybe I'll persist to disk encrypted with some key of hardwired and so on. But I will also persist to disk directly talking to the disk controller and if I'm not going through the file system, it bugging the file system doesn't give anybody the ability to even corrupt my key, much less erase it or even corrupt it, much less modify it or read it because the data is owned by the disk controller. So the file system has no permissions to the page that the disk controller gave directly to me. So you can actually mix and match individual subsystems within the OS and if you choose not to use that API or that abstraction or that peripheral, they have no effect on your security posture. So the CPU that I went with in the prototype is named Saratoga after a town near where I was doing my PhD. It's, as I mentioned earlier, compatible with MIPS GCC. It is not full MIPS. It's an eight stage barrel processor. So every clock cycle, we contact switch and we force a contact switch every clock cycle. This does mean that your single threaded performance suffers, you only get one instruction every eight clocks at best or two because it's two way superscalar. The advantage of this is that by getting rid of all the pipeline hazard checking, now you don't have to worry about things like forwarding from one pipeline stage to another. So your pipeline becomes a lot simpler and it becomes a lot easier to do correctness proofs. And I'm working toward, I have not yet reached a complete proof but I'm working toward being able to prove data path isolation between the threads. In other words, when I run a thread on one context of the CPU, I can show that it won't affect the state of any other threads except through message passing. And the message passing interface allows us to make strong guarantees about things like I can verify that the message came from who I think it came from and so on. And one of the other things I added in the CPU was a hardware elf loader. So remember the CPU has an out of band management address. So the way you start a new process in the system is you send a message to that out of band management address either from another process in the CPU or from external hardware that says here's the physical address of an elf executable, go run it. And turns out if you're not doing dynamic linking and all of the fancy stuff that elf allows you to do and if you just want to be able to take a simple embedded executable and run it, all you have to do is parse the program header table, create a simple memory image and then go jump to the entry point. And so this isn't really that much work. It's a couple hundred lines of VaroLog at this point, I think. And so this also means that since I'm parsing the elf headers in hardware, I can set the page table to initially have nothing executable. As I load elf segments, I can mark them executable, check a signature over the entire executable and all the program headers. And if that signature is good, allow it to execute, otherwise just free all the memory I allocated. And then I deny the MMU the capability to set the execute in additional pages. So this means you can't ever execute on signed code. This doesn't make exploitation impossible. It means you have secure boot. It also means that if you do manage to find vulnerability in one component of the system, not only your initial dropper, but your entire payload has to be raw. So yes, it can be exploited if you can find enough raw gadgets. It is going to be a pain. But that's a desirable side effect. The real intention of the signature hacking is to have secure boot. The one last subsystem I'm going to mention is that I also have a name server. So this takes eight character host names and maps them to 16-bit routing addresses. The purpose of this is just board portability. So I can have one board that has DDR2, one board that has on-chip block RAM. And abstract these away to the host name RAM. And as long as they expose the same API to the rest of the system, I don't care what address they're in on the network. They expose the same API. They're considered that driver. So this allows us to actually do full operating system abstractions and not worry about all the details of what the system on-chip architecture looks like. So we can move an application from one of these to another and not even have to worry about recompiling it. And so all of the addresses from on-chip, physical addresses for peripherals are baked in at compile time or synthesis time in mass ROM. Anything beyond there is written by signed updates from applications. And so at this point, I'm running low on time, which is perfect. So the prototype is about 200,000. I wrote 187. I think I've done a little bit more since then. Lines of code. That includes things like the custom JTAG library unit test infrastructure. The actual core critical stuff is very small. The networks are under 5,000 lines combined. The name server is about 1,000. The CPU is about 9,000. So there's not really that much code here. And that includes wide space and comments. All the code is three clause BSD, open source. So I would love if somebody would continue this work and write a paper that tells me why it's bad or tells me why it's great. So go for it. Questions?


TLO what's poppin? We are on kick KIC K.com. We are live by the time you see this We probably won't be so just leave a like comment subscribe turn on your post notification bells Let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK And if you want to peep the highlights of the live or anything substantial that went on You check this channel right here man. The link to this is down in the description along with the merch link Got it on me Along with the patreon and the discord. It's under something called the link tree. So, you know go down there click it See what you want man This is the herringy gun murder Slash bike crashes after being shot. Whoa and police Disarmed gunman and it's a three for one. How long is it six minutes? Okay? Talk to me scar city. I Really appreciate joining me today and don't forget to send your stories to news at scarcichedudios.com The latest update is coming to London. Thank you to our friend Dave Nathan for the coverage from the scene This is Totenham Totenhamers At this the suit. This is the Stadium right? The lady that should looks out of place in this neighborhood It is updates coming from London Thank you to our friend Dave Nathan for the coverage from the scene is a murder investigation That was launched on the 30th of July at 11 30 police were caught a white heart lane at the junction of Pretoria Road in N17 this is Herring gate near to the state the football stadium Police attended along with the paramedics and the London ambulance service and a male in his 30s was found with gunshot wounds Despite the best efforts of emergency services He died a short time later at the scene Police believe they know who the deceased is and are working to inform his next of kin Formula identification and a post-mortem examination will be held in due course Homicide detectives are investigating and arrests haven't been made as of yet. Totenham looking like Chicago, man You can't even stand outside on the block no more in Chicago.  I'm glad Florida got indoor parks Chicago should invest Totenham London y'all should invest in indoor parks So your kids ain't got to worry about this. Yes Detective Chief Inspector Caroline Haynes from Harangay said this is a terrible and shocking Incidents that has caused a lot of concern in the local area We said we would do everything we can to support the police and also the local community and the family of the victim That has been killed But there's been a large police increase in the local area and the patrols will be stepped up in the coming days And we're definitely keep you updated on the identity of the victim You good scarcity You got a cold or something.  I think that comes from that story Staying in the London area and going back to the beginning of the month on the 3rd of July at 5 p.m Police were called to M15 Constable Crescent to report of a male with injuries 15 in 17 ain't that a few blocks away Through a crash the 18-year-old was found and also pronounced dead at the scene at 528 He's next of Kim were informed But it was determined that he was also shot after being attacked in the nearby area He crashed his bike later on after trying to escape his cause of death is yet to be established There was a large police cord and outside of thank you to UK news in pictures for use of the aerial footage Which shows the tenant erected and the police cord and outside a block of flats Daytime footage from Dave Nathan also shows a large police cord and forensics and also a car inside the cord and Inside this estate. There's been the focus of the investigation and moving to north. You said this was ASAP like the ASAP was on the boat on the bike or Off west London on the 6th of July and Abbey Road two members stabbed at 11 25 in the evening They took all two reports of two males injured outside a petrol station for court and the police attended along with the ambulance service The males were aged 17 and 41 and were found with injury Was that a son what is that? He's and then taken to hospital at these early stages thought that a group of males had left the scene prior to the incident And they are believed to be responsible for what occurred Nobody has been arrested yet, but the updates are pending There was a large cordon and traffic was diverted for the rest of the day and staying in the Brent area for this next story The murder of Milton Herlington 42 years old He was found in King Edward the 7th Park on the 17th of July and Detective Inspector Linda Bradley said They're continuing for a public appeal in relation to any information about what had occurred to him Five people have since been arrested and all of them are male and aged in their teens and early twenties on Sunday The 23rd of July one man was arrested on suspicion of murder also and he remains in police custody Please record it got a lot of death going on in July 10 to 10 on the 17th of July to reports of a male found who was stabbering in the Dean Wembley area Police attended and despite their best efforts he died at the scene a post mortem examination Revealed that the cause of death was a stabbering to the arm. So resting piece to Must have hit like a main artery or something in there Hilton and we're definitely keep you updated on any charges or convictions in relation to that case It was only two days before this the police were called to Granville Road in Northwest 6 1122 on the 14th of July to reports of a fight and a person being stabbed Police attended along with the ambulance service and despite their best efforts a 17 year old male died at the scene Family have been informed that the post mortem examination is due to take place Formula identification of the victim is yet to take place and another male also aged 17 Was treated at the scene before being taken to hospital a female aged in her 20s Also received hospital treatments and another teenager believed to be 18 was injured as well Detective Inspector Mark Rogers says we believe there was a fight following a birthday party Which would have been attended by a number of people and they urged anybody that was present I was like thinking in my head like why is there so many people getting stabbed and it like y'all ain't run But it was a lot of people in in one area inside of a birthday party At the time to come forward and to help with the investigation So this is very early stages of the investigation And we're definitely following this story and find out more details and let you all know as soon as possible In some other news coming from London as well The Metropolitan Police have released the footage of the moment that a Metropolitan police officer Disarmed the male after he'd committed a robbery and crashed the car He was pointing a firearm at the police officer who only had a taser and this week is one the annual National Police Federation bravery award and he was nominated by two of the police officers who had got lucky He got that police officer got lucky that that was no real killer He got lucky, you know, blessings, you know, I'm saying But he got real lucky Because he this dude didn't really want that he ain't really want that So been involved in the chase He didn't want that on his conscience. So this police officer he knew that by the way I'm February the 4th 2022 at 730 PC Cushing was on motorbike duty And he was undertaking a routine patrol in Regents Park The police officer's attention was drawn to a vehicle that was driving his hat bent so hard He got a triangle on the radically and he attempted to stop the vehicle But it drove off at speed PC Cushing pursued on his motorbike and he was forced to stop when the vehicle began driving on the wrong side of The road and this posed a danger to the public a short time later The vehicle was found after a collision and PC Cushing approached the driver and the driver ran away PC Cushing then followed him into a Camden Street and attempting to arrest him and during the struggle The male produced the firearm and pointed it directly at the officer Despite being alone and facing an armed male who was pointing a firearm at him PC Cushing remained calm and used split second opportunity to disarm him and bring wasn't really a split second opportunity Look, this one telling you that the blick they was wrestling the gun Gun had already fell off of his back He then followed him into a Camden Street and attempting to arrest this dude First of all, his wrist looked like it's broken him and during the struggle the male produced He pulled it from off the ground and look like see it looked like he reached him for his back But it's not there because it failed the firearm and points it up off the ground officer He does point it at the officer No time we're not taking that away. He pointed it at that man But like in his mind, he was like yo, I'm not built for this. I'm not fun to go serve a life sentence But just for pointing at an officer you're getting what 15? It doesn't even matter you I ain't even gonna say what I was about to say, but it don't even matter at this point Despite being alone and face he put that thing down. Look, his conscience was like, look, I'm not built for this The male who was pointing a firearm never put it back up like he had more than enough time Thank God that he did not because I don't get done violence I'm just saying I'm a team PC Cushing remained calm and used split second opportunity To disarm him and bring him to the ground where he could be arrested by the dog unit Commissioner Mark Rowley said this shocking incident after a vehicle stop shows how uncertain Every day is for a police officer and the way that he dealt with the situation Definitely shows that his training came into effect and his actions should be coming training He pushed him and he ran into a bench that ain't training did so I look forward to hearing your thoughts He did stay calm under pressure though the opinions on these stories Don't forget to like comment share and subscribe and email your stories to do fact same here same here like comment subscribe turn on post notification buzz Tottenham crazy a little bit, huh?


As Professor Sehqi said that I am not going to teach you anything, we are going to share teaching experiences, we are going to share, I am not only going to share, I need interaction. And sometimes I may do some kind of role play that how I teach my students.  Yeah, these are the points which we will be covering myself and my colleague Dr. Nikhil. But I am not going to talk about that just now, we will revise that once the module is over. See, teaching is art, many people say, just now while having lunch also somebody was like you know gossiping, I just overheard that everybody can, I cannot teach like this the way Sethi Sir was delivering. So teaching is art definitely, you agree with me? Yeah. Dr. Sethi has demonstrated that today, yes or no? Yeah. And the real art is to make complex thing simple as much as possible and by avoiding jargons. How many of you have seen film of Amir Khan, I will not tell name, let us see, three idiots. They can have a machine what he says, how he explains. So we believe in making complex things as simple as possible. Usually engineers, I do not know all, but they try to make simple thing very complex by adding lots of data and graphs and statistics and so many things. So here, we try to make things as simple as possible. We discourage them in mugging up, like we discourage them, there is no need to mug up facts and figures and we ensure that education is done through fun. I do not have to actually tell because Dr. Sethi has already done the experiment with everyone. Then we ensure that interaction is happening among students and faculty, otherwise what happens usually one it is a monologue teacher is talking and some students are sleeping, some boys are looking at some girls and like there is no involvement. So we ensure that there is a good involvement among students and faculty. So 60% of the time students will be talking and only 30 to 40% of the time we are talking. So mostly I will ask why, what, what do you think, what is your opinion. We involve mostly, I tell stories, films, today also I will be showing some documentaries, some video clippings, we also do role plays, if you all are interested we can do short role play in between, debates, discussions, etc. This very interesting thing I read somewhere I thought I should share with you, tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember and involve me and I learn. So we also try to involve students in activities, for example we had conducted a biodiversity survey in our campus, so students were involved in that, 30% of the weightage is given for project work, so students go to different places, even outside Coimbatore and they do projects related to environment, sometimes they like interlink with their core subject, like for example we also teach this aerospace students. So they had done sustainable aviation industry report, so they studied sustainability report of different aviation industries and they found out one ideal report. They also had done project on green buildings that they studied green buildings in different areas and they made a plan of converting existing building into green building in Amrita. Some people, some students developed a plan for butterfly garden in Amrita. We try to involve them and make them learn, which nowadays this is a new term you might have heard that experiential learning. So when you are just telling them facts and figures and lots of jargons and all, they may listen, they may sleep, they may mug up, they may vomit in exam, they may get 100 out of 100 marks also, but finally in the next semester they are going to forget. So one more thing, how many of you know what is the aim of this, introducing this environmental science into this, why UGC wants to introduce environmental science for all UG courses or even engineering? Can anyone tell me? In my view ma'am, whatever human mankind is doing is only when Earth is there and the EBS is something which relates to that. Yeah, why do we need to generate awareness? In a direct way or in a direct way or human activity leads to some changes in environment, maybe in states in form or for a short duration of times, any scale it may some brings about some changes on the natural environment. That is why the awareness among all the groups of students is required. Yeah, anything else? Anybody wants to add to this? Yeah. A youngster who is going to determine the economy of India, that is very important. They should understand what is the importance of environment. Then we give her a big hand because these youngsters are tomorrow's builders, tomorrow's politicians, scientists, managers. So we think that if we generate some kind of awareness or sensitivity in them, they may think of this environmental aspect before taking any decision. So that is why UGC has introduced this subject in all the disciplines, not only in engineering, but all the UG courses. Now, see, I understand that most of the students, they are more worried about exam and getting credits and CGPA because that they require for their placement. Okay, I understand that we have to stick to that all rules and exam, everything we have to do because that is a part of system. Yeah, but I want you people to motivate students and tell them to look beyond these credits and marks. Otherwise, I just now I told, even if they get 100% or 95% marks, and if they are not aware about their responsibility towards environment, the purpose of introducing environment and UGC will not be served. So for that, if you want to generate passion or motivation among students for that, what is required? Awareness is required and the person, the teacher who is going to generate awareness has to be really, really, really committed and passionate. Then only he can generate that awareness and passion among students. So I think that I'm so happy that I am going to talk to these many teachers who can really generate enthusiasm and passion and commitment towards environment. You can actually make young environmentalists. You can produce an environmentalist. Then only I think that purpose of introducing environmental science or studies in UGC course will, the purpose will be served. Otherwise, it will be just like any other subject you study again, write exam get points and then forget about it. So that is not, that should not be the purpose. Another thing, environmental science is bit neglected in most of the engineering colleges and many times different teachers from different disciplines that teach environmental studies. And sometimes they may not take interest. So I am going to show you actually how we start the lecture, how we motivate students, how like to start a course. I believe that first lecture is very important. If you generate interest in them, then they, they won't, then you really don't have to take attendance. They will come. Yeah. Okay. One more thing I recently did MBA when I was with Godrej. There my professor used to tell us that we all have to become seven year old child. You forget that because we, we did, we were managers and like some vice president, everybody knows, so many people they did. They say, you forget that you are manager or you are in charge of this mangrove center or that center or that.  What is difference between seven year old child and 20 year old student? Curiosity, because seven year old child every time, even if you may in your house, you can experience if you have your son, daughter or for everything, whatever information you give them, but why, but why? Asaka, Tasaka, right? Right or wrong? So I want all of you to forget about your positions that your assistant professor, whatever associate professor, professor. I'm also going to forget about my designation and we are going to learn, we are going to unlearn what is written and what is because some IIT or Amrita or whatever professor is telling this is right. But it should not be the approach. We are going to open up our minds and going to ask that why? Okay. And mostly in my, all my lectures, I allow them. Okay. What do you think? What is bio-diversity? But why, but why, I ask them the answer. So this is the method we follow. Now just to start like motivation or inspiring talk, I usually show this video, there is also video, one full video called home by Jan Arthur. If you type Jan Arthur and home, you can download it from YouTube. And it is a very nice. And usually the first assignment, what I give is you have to not see but study video and write assignment. I usually tell them to make PPTs. And as he said, many a times they copy. They copy and what they do, you know, they just change that format. So they think that I'm not reading. I'm, I don't have time to read some 60 presentations. So they, but, but at the same time, there are very genuine cases. They do a really nice presentation. So you should not just generalize. So what is happening? What this video shows? I'm just going to act as if I'm talking to my students. Okay. For five, 10 minutes. What is this video shows? Yeah. How we are impacting on the environment. It shows that she's alive. Yeah. She's unique. She's finite. She's complex. She's diverse. She's supporting variety of life. We cannot live without her support. But what is happening? She's hurt. She's crying. Why she's crying? Because her children are becoming more and more greedy. They want more, more. I want more. I want more buildings. I want more cars. You know, I don't want car. I want car. I want more industries, more shirts. How many saris you have? How many we need? Okay. We will discuss it later about this. Yeah. What is our actual need and what is our want? We will discuss. So she's crying. She's actually, we cannot live without her support. And she's hurt. She's crying. She's very sad. Why? Because a group, one group of her children called Homo sapiens, means human being, is becoming more and more greedy. He wants more, more, more, everything more. And another thing, their number is also increasing. They are becoming more, right, sir? They are becoming so more that she's not able to support her children. She's not able to provide what is required to all the children. Maybe few children she's able to support. Third thing, she's again sad because one group of her children is dominating other group of her children, animals and plants. They're exploiting. See, I use this slide to explain that human beings used to live in harmony with nature. Slowly they became dependent on agriculture. They discovered agriculture. They were using water, rain-fed agriculture or surface water or rivers. Slowly they started digging wells, means they started using underground water. And then their dependence on fossil fuels because they wanted energy and industrialization and consumer goods, their dependence on consumer goods increased. More and more energy for transport, for industrialization, for more industries, for more houses, for luxury, for greed. Population, our population is ever increasing and her third problem is what we all think. Solution to all these problems, to poverty, to population growth, what is the solution? Economic development and industrialization is the only answer. Do we agree with me? So, how many of you think that the problem of population growth or food insecurity or water problems we have now, our earth is crying, whatever is happening, for that, most of the people think that economic development and industrialization is the only solution. Or all politicians say that we cause, all, any politician you say. I just want to tell you one more thing, just want to elaborate. Suppose industrialization is the answer for everything. Can we produce food in factories? Can we have factories of bananas, chikus, sabata, wheat factory? Can we have? No, we have to depend on nature. The simple process called photosynthesis, which happens in leaf, we can't emit in laboratory, though we think that we are so much advanced, we have, like, you know, we are going to Mars and the moon and wherever, and we have got so many advanced laboratories, a simple process or technology, which is known as photosynthesis, we cannot mimic in laboratory. If we can mimic that, we really don't have to need, land, we don't have to do agriculture, we can just have factories of everything. So, I just want to stress that nature is supreme. So, so many other things. Formula of blood. Can we make artificially do blood, make blood in laboratories? If we can do that, then we don't have to do blood donation. We don't have to do camps for blood donations. Mother's milk formula so far, nobody has successfully done in laboratory. So, I just want to tell you again that we should tell our students that whatever modern technology and whatever engineer you are going to become, the what mother nature has engineered, we cannot really play with that, because we are not capable to do that. And what we are not capable to do, we don't have any right to destroy that. So, I wanted to tell you whatever we are going to teach them, first of all, we need to generate some kind of passion among them and tell that how important it is, how it is linked with our life. There are so many other wonders in nature like migratory birds, how they travel, how they identify the same spot. You know here, Shivdi in Mumbai, flamingos come. Every year they come to the same spot that Bombay Natural History Society has done some experiment. They have tagged, like ringing they call, banding, they have done. Same flamingo comes back, thousand and thousand miles they travel. There are so many other things, butterflies, they have some optical prism technology for color, how snakes, snakes movement without legs, how lizard walks on the wall. Energy efficiency of electric rays. So many wonders are there in nature, which we are still not aware. There is so much to learn from nature. For example, energy efficiency. Many people think, here in this forum, many people do not think that development is not an answer. But due to this modern development, are we happy? Why we are not happy? We have got big bungalows, big cars, big industries, but still we are not happy. Okay. Let us see what are the impacts of modern development. I know most of you are aware about all these things, but I am telling that when you are making a beginning of the course, if you generate this kind of awareness, it will have a great impact than just telling lots of figures and jargons and facts. See, we know impacts of modern development. We do not have enough water to drink. 80 countries of the world suffer from serious water. All these facts and figures I talk, air pollution, 1 billion people in the world breathe unhealthy air. So I tell them soon how we carry this drinking water bottle. You have to carry one cylinder and walk. This is mainly to understand that why you have to study environment and how it is linked with sustainability. Global warming, I give them facts and figures. Soon, I say soon cities like Mumbai will go under water and they are going. Sundarban is many islands are sinking. Here I actually show usually one film made by WDLWF, that how Sundarban is sinking and how this climate change is affecting environment. But because of time constraint, I will show you at the end if we get time because I want to do so many activities with you. We are also going to do skit. Same thing like currently what is the level and there is soon no point of return. How the impact of global warming, cyclones, hurricanes, flood, famine, vector bond diseases, loss of forest, islands in Sundarban is sinking. All these facts I we tell them penguin population and how spaces are moving towards pole. This is what happened recently in Uttarakhand. Hunger, 1 billion people suffer from hunger. And we discuss mainly about industrialization of agriculture, what we call modern technology and how it is affecting. How we speak about farmers, we said in my third lecture that food. I am going to show some film on these farmers. We said actual case in Vidarbha. How green revolution, we think like industrialization of agriculture, green revolution, how it has impacted our agriculture and how people are committing suicide and how it has led to more food insecurity. Pesticide pollution, how many of you are aware about this Kerala people? You are aware about this endosulfan case, but still it is not banned. Now there is one train running from Bhatinda to Bikaner. You know which states green revolution was prominently practiced? Punjab and Haryana. So now they have started one train from Bhatinda to Bikaner, which carries only cancer patients, deforestation. This is as per the recent report from WWF, Living Planet Index. We have lost 52% of biodiversity. I also give them exercise that they have to read recent reports that Living Planet Index 2014, a very good report it is. So they have to read that report and make some short like from the key learnings, PowerPoint presentation. So we make sure that they are not stuck with the textbook-ish knowledge. They know what is happening in current environment. Also one interesting assignment we give them that we tell them that for two to three months, they have to read newspaper, which usually they don't, even we don't, yeah, and read newspaper. And they have to collect news regarding environment. And they have to make one book. And by reading that, they also have to make presentation. So we make sure that they read that to understand because once in one of my lecture, I asked them that, what is your expectation? They say, we know all this global warming. We are studying from third standard, they say. Anybody is aware about what is therapeutic pollution? Vultures are dying, yeah? Why vultures are dying? Yeah, anti-polytic plus some ointments called dyclophanic. So I will describe this in more detail when I teach ecology and biodiversity that when something you are doing artificial environment to one species, how it is affecting to other species. So this dyclophanic drug was used for catalysts and human being. And because that drug has got severe impact on vultures, now we do not have vultures. You know what is significance of vultures in any culture? There's scavengers, but there is some religious importance in one community. Are you aware about that? Palsy community, what is that? Can you tell, sir, loudly? Basically take the dead bodies and allow the vultures to eat it. So that because they believe in a natural thing, they don't burn or they don't bury. And in Mumbai, there is a tower of silence where they do that. What is happening there?  There are no vultures. Okay. Living Planet Index 2014. Already I spoke about this. We have lost 39% of terrestrial species, 76% of freshwater and 39 marine species. We have already lost them during 1970 to 2010. I recommend that all of you must read this report and also encourage your students to read this report and tell them to make short documentary, whatever. We all know importance of forests. One more thing I wanted to tell you. Whatever you get free of cost, you don't have value for that. If you get pure air free of cost, you get water free of cost. So UN had made one study and they calculated ecosystem, now forest, from where water comes, from where pure air comes, you all are aware, right? So they calculated ecosystem services globally. And they could find that per year, ecosystems provide 70 trillion dollars worth services. Mr. I will explain this in more detail when we study ecosystem and ecology topic. Hope I'm, you understand here. So these facts, I tell them that we are losing 300 square kilometer of rainforest. That is one acre per second. Loss of biodiversity. And we are also adding something. We are adding 2,50,000 people per day. We are adding 50 million tons of carbon per day. 50 million carbon tons of carbon, CFCs. This is Endangered Indian Life, Wild Life in India. This also I will discuss in detail in Biodiversity. Noise pollution. You can't even sleep well. Can you guess what is this? This is a very common picture. I think many of you must might have seen this. Water hyacinth, okay? People, people, right? What else? Use and throw culture, okay? We are blindly following modern or so-called western or whatever developed culture. Whatever we go to malls also, everything is packed. We don't know where it is goes. There is a very nice video called story of stuff we get. If we get time, we'll screen that, okay? Land pollution, waste generation. Where this waste goes, any idea? Whatever waste is generated, mainly domestic waste. Yeah, dumping ground. We don't have even area for our buildings and most of the areas, dumping grounds are also now overflowing. So, are we happy? We don't have pure air. We don't have pure water. Many of us, we don't have enough food. We have got many different kinds of diseases, horrible diseases like cancer. Some of our babies are abnormal. We're not able to sleep properly because of sound pollution and lots of disasters are happening, which they seem to be natural disasters, but they are man-made disasters. We are responsible for those disasters. Do you agree with me? So, we are not happy. Why we are not happy? Because our wants are more, natural resources are limited and our wants are unlimited. What is difference between wants and need? We are going to study. What Mahatma Gandhi says, earth has enough for everybody's need, but not for everybody's greed, okay? I will tell you, it is not enough. Whatever you see, if I have one car, one small house, I want big bungalow. If I have one BHK, I want two BHK. I may get more, I guess I want three BHK. I want independent bungalow. I want small car, I have. I want big car. There is no limit to it. If I have 50 sarees, I have 100. I want matching earrings, there is no. You may ask me that what is your problem? I have got enough money. I can buy how many cars I want. I can have how many bungalows I want. What is your problem? My problem is, everything is coming from, from where it is coming? Nature. Nature and resources are limited, and our wants are unlimited. One example of unlimited want is, I don't want to take name, but people are having helicopter to go from one floor of their house to upper floor. So that is the, I want to, I don't want to blame anyone, but that kind of mentality and attitude we have, and unless we change that, whatever sustainability topic you teach in an environmental science course, whatever you offer, this is not going to change. So unless you address basic problem, or root cause of the problem, we are not going to achieve sustainability. And again and again, I want to tell you people that our purpose is not only giving them marks. Why UGC has introduced this syllabus, we need to understand, and we have to somehow try to make some change, attitudinal change, right, among ourselves and students. Now, this is one activity. This you can try in your colleges. Now people talk about so many problems, greenhouse gases, our planet is sinking, sinking, sinking. Soon it is going to sink. Satis are told that so much CO2 in atmosphere, greenhouse gases are there in the atmosphere, because of global warming now our planet is sinking. It is sinking within five minutes, okay, 10 minutes. It is sinking within 10 minutes. And since your minister is from your hometown, and he also wants to take all his supporters to another planet, he has organized one spaceship for you, because he cares for you, okay. So within 10 minutes, you have to take 15 things. You have to pack and go. So what all 15 things you will take, you please write down. You have only one minute, okay, two minutes. No copying. No copying, fast. Food, food, everybody agree, yeah. Water, yeah. If any personal belongings for the memories. Okay, personal belongings for the memories, okay. And some of the valued things which matters me. For example, see I don't want any philosophical answer. Now you are doing, I am taking necklace of my wife, like that you tell. Like that. Yeah. Because other, but it's nice. It's like them. Anybody who has full list of 15 things, yeah. But whatever you take, one find it, it'll get over, air, water, everything. So carry mobile. Mobile, and from mobile, how can you get water?  Your mobile range will not work there. Anybody 15? Yeah. Soil in a pot, oxygen cylinder. Soil in a pot, yeah. Oxygen cylinder, water bottle, seeds of plants, food, clothes, medicines. And I think my child. Okay, yeah, that you will anyhow take. And my husband. That they will come independently. And a few books to read. Yeah. Actually, when I tell this exercise to students, that list will be too big, okay. They write all what all you told, food and this thing that thing. They also tell that mobile, there some, yeah, whatever equipment, laptop, so many things, okay. So out of that 20 things, I tell them to strike five things because cargo is, can't accommodate all the things, okay. Then I tell them to take only five things. So first itself, we are telling only five things. So I don't know, really your needs are low or, but whoever has ever has done full 15 list can strike out 10 things. And ultimately what five remains is your actual need. And what 15 first you listed is your want. This is just to make concept clear that what is difference between need and greed, okay. Okay, now next to somebody where I was talking about happiness. What do you mean by, what is difference between standard of living and quality of life? Can anyone tell? Standard of living and quality of life. What is difference? Quality of life is living happiness. Yeah. Whatever you are having within that, it's a contented life. Yeah. Whatever you are having, you are very satisfied and enjoying your life. And what is standard of living? And of living to show to others. I am having a bungalow, I am having a big car, I am having that. Yeah, show to others and you are also enjoying. Yeah. Yeah, all together if I combine your own answers, I can say that standard of life is material well-being. Like what he said, I have got good bungalow, good car, lots of clothes and good salary and like standard of living. And quality of life is I have minimum things with which I can live happily. At the same time, I have got good air to breathe. If I am staying in a polluted city, I will not have that. I have got fresh water, I have got healthy food, healthy food without poison. We are going to talk about that in our food topic, like what kind of food presently we are eating. It is actually slightly having poison.  So when you are having good food without poison, good air, good quality of water and air, good atmosphere, when you feel nice, when you are in IIT campus, you feel good. There is a greenery. There is something called peace of mind, tranquility. Peace of mind is very, very important for happiness. You are very rich, but you are not able to sleep. At the same time, you have got good social circle. You are also thinking about others, you are not selfish. So they also think about you.  You share things with each other. You have got lots of friends. So understand what is difference between standard of life and standard of living and quality of life. And we should go for quality of life or standard of living, quality of life. Previously, people only used to talk about GDP, gross domestic productivity, which is only how much economic growth is happening in different countries. But now people have found out different index. It is called happy planet index. Just now what we discussed, it calculates life expectancy, means how long you are living. You can live long, only you have healthy lifestyle. At the same time, experienced well-being, what we spoke just now. And your ecological footprint is low. If you are ecological, we will discuss what is ecological footprint. I think most of you know. If your ecological footprint is high, if you are creating more impact on environment, your existence itself will be in question, because earth cannot survive for long time. So happy planet index takes care of your life expectancy, your well-being at the same time. You are reduced to ecological footprint. See ecological footprint, already globally our ecological footprint is more than our biocapacity. What is ecological footprint? Area that is required to supply the amount of natural resources, that is food, water, fuel, fiber, land. We are dependent on nature for all these things. For us, we need to absorb carbon dioxide or pollution. And what is biocapacity? The amount of biological productive land and sea area that is available. So what is available and what is what we need? So we are exceeding what we need than what is available. So here I have written one exercise on carbon footprint calculator, but actually there is not much time. So I will share that with you during our next program. So there is a carbon calculator through which you can calculate your carbon footprint. This how much carbon is generated due to your day-to-day actions. There are even like EMC Mumbai has developed one website. There are so many things you can, you yourself can search and give that exercise. That exercise will help them to calculate their carbon footprint. It means how much carbon is generated due to their day-to-day actions, like cooking, like transport, different things. So they will understand how much carbon is generated due to their activities. So we are overshooting the biocapacity. So soon we will require one and half planet, but we have only one planet. There is only one planet on which life can exist. If something happens in Madhya Pradesh, you may go to Punjab, but here something happens. If something happens in India, you go to US. But here, if something happens to our planet, we don't have any other planet to escape. These figures also you can show them how much is our ecological footprint and what is biocapacity. It is measured in global hectare. Planetary boundaries. This was the recent, recently 28 internationally renowned scientists came together and they identified and quantified the first nine planetary boundaries. Actually, the idea is that within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for generations. That is your limit, something like threshold. And if you cross that, you will have irreversible environmental damage. So already we have exceeded biodiversity loss boundary. You can see that red one and nitrogen pollution boundary. These two atmospheric aerosol and chemical pollution yet not calculated, climate change you see. We are almost crossing. Ocean acidification and all are not that problematic, but biodiversity loss we have already crossed the boundary. One more thing you can tell your students that there is a huge disparity between developed and developing countries. Why it is like that? Why demand is not even? Standard of living, right? Their mindset, their lifestyle, they consume more. So their ecological footprint per capita is high, per person is high. It is high means it is five times more than low income countries. See low income countries have small footprint, but problem is they suffer from ecosystem loss because they are dependent on ecosystem or for certain reasons they are destroying ecosystem. Also there is a decline in biodiversity. But here you see high income countries per capita footprint is very, very, very, very high, five times high. But somehow they have managed to protect their ecosystems. And but what they do, they import resources from developing countries, okay? But one message you can give to your students that though developed countries have already developed, we are not going to follow that path because for us development is not material wellbeing, okay? We are not going to follow the wrong path and whatever is happening, whatever actions we are taking and whatever impact is happening is going to happen universally. So we are not going to follow the wrong path set by developing countries because whatever is going to happen to environment is going to happen universally. Global climate change cannot happen only to one country. Maybe there is micro level, some changes may happen. Okay, so what should we do? You may have the similar question then what do you think that we need all minimum lights, minimum things. Can we go back to forest and live? No. No, we can't because there is answer for which we are here to study that module is called sustainable development, the development which meets the need of present generation without compromising the needs of future generation. Okay, development with minimum impact of environment, okay? There will be some impact. We cannot go without impact but we have to take care where there is a minimum impact on environment. Inclusive development, usually what happens in our country or many countries, development happened to only few people get benefited, creamy layers, okay? Only corporates or few other people. But here sustainable development talks about inclusive development, development of all the sectors of society. See, sustainable development takes care of, it says when you are having economic growth at the same time there has to be social development, economic development with minimum impact on environment or environment protection, okay? So these three pillars of sustainable development you must teach them, you must be teaching also, yeah? But one step I'll go ahead and tell you what will happen if we do not take care of environment? Will that development will be sustainable? Why it will not be sustainable? No quality resources forget, sir. There will be no resources. Okay, this, okay, before this story I'll just explain this and then go to story. See, we depend on nature or environment for all our resources. Whatever you say for air, water, food, medicine, shelter, whatever you name it, it comes from environment. Even agriculture, wild varieties were there in a forest and then we started doing agriculture. So entire our life, human beings existence is depending on environment. If there is no environment, there are no people. We are also part of environment. Though we think that we are something superior but which is not true, we are very much part of environment. We are just a part of environment. So if there is no environment, there is no society. If there is no society, there is no question of economy. So I personally like this model and support this model. Yes, even up to this people are coming, we are happy. There should be balance between economy, environment and society. But ultimately, if you are destroying environment, you, your existence and economy will be in question. So unless you protect environment and ecosystem, you are nowhere. There is forget development, sustainable, there is no development, you are not there. Maybe it may take time but that is the truth. I will just tell you one story. Dhanu, I just want to tell you what we say about development and how it is. Dhanu is a small town. People were living very happily there. Dhanu is one eco-sensitive area. 60% of the area is under forest. 70% of the population is of tribal and it's a very beautiful landscape. One side there is a western ghat, hills, forest and other side there is sea and creeks. So this was declared as eco-sensitive area and people were living happily there. They were doing agriculture, horticulture, mainly dependent on chiku, mangoes and fishermen were there, they used to do fishing. Tribals either they used to collect forest products from forest or they used to work in chiku valleys. And they were very rich. They used to supply food, mainly fresh vegetables, mangoes, chikus and fish to Mumbai. And Dhanu used to be called as fruit or food bowl of Mumbai, okay? Even they used to do this nachni, millets and other things, okay? Suddenly what happened? Few BSES industry, they thought of starting industry in 1986, okay? And local environmentalists, four or five people they opposed but people were given hope that if industry comes, mister will be development and you will get job and vikas hojayaega area ka progress hojayaega, okay? And this industry came into existence that time nobody had, they got a clearance but there were some three clearance conditions that they have to leave certain distance from the seashore, creek and seashore and they have to run it on gas. Gas is a cleaner fuel, not on coal. Sir was talking about coal in the morning, yeah? And they have to, if they are running on coal, they have to fix flue gas desulfurization plant. So they violated all the three conditions and local people also were not much aware about what is happening. Local people never got job there because they said that they want skilled workers. So they hired skilled workers and after 10, 15 years what happened? Slowly Chiku production, Zapota production dropped to 70%. There was a reduction in Zapota and mango production by 70%. And then people started thinking that what happened and then their studies were conducted. I was part of that study that then Salim Ali Center also had conducted some study. I was working that time there. We conducted a local survey, questionnaire survey why it is happening what and I will just cut it short. It was found that because of sudden rise in temperature pest incidences were high, that loss of flash was falling on stigma and leaves of these plants. So production had reduced. Plus even health incidences had asthma and all there was rise. Now people, those people were living happily some 10, 15 years ago. They understood that why it is happening. When they, activists told them environmentalists they did not realize. But when their pockets were hit they understood that it can be because of this industry. Again they had a plan to expand it further. This BSES was then bought by Reliance and they had planned to expand it further. That time people started opposing because they understood that their pockets are here. This thing, tribals did not have job. Farmers did not have Chikus. Fishermen did not have fish because these people used to release hot water in and they used to dump fly ash, bottom ash in creek. So whatever you know that fly ash and bottom ash will have lots of heavy metals and arsenic and mercury and many things. So that fish also must be poisoned and fish production was reduced. People's health was damaged when we went to some authorities for time. Though one more thing I forgot to tell. These activist people they had gone to Supreme Court and they had got orders after orders to stop this because they had not followed clearance conditions. They had not, but you know in India what happens though there are laws, though there are Supreme Court orders implementation does not happen because there was no political will. So finally people came together. People also came together only they realized that damage has already happened and when their pockets were hit when they were in financial crisis.  So I just want to tell that there are so many this kind of examples. Such a power plant. Yeah. And one more thing, power for whom? For Mumbai. Because Mumbai is all factories and industries they can't afford to stop even for one minute. So to get non-stop power to Mumbai who has to suffer? Poor people, poor farmers. All farmers may not be poor. That time they were very rich. Some Parsi farmers. Farmers, tribals, fishermen. They have to sacrifice. So can we call this development as a sustainable development? So this kind of stories if you tell them people will understand difference between modern development and sustainable development. How we can have inclusive development? You know that Narmada Bachao, what is happening? Huge displacement of people and forest area. Forest is going under water and moment is damaged and people's livelihood is not taken care. Can we call this that as a sustainable development? Not. See there has to be balance and immediately I'm not able to give you answer. But there is some mechanism called environmental management and EIA studies. So they see that what is the actual impact of any project on environment? And accordingly, otherwise then see we cannot do any development. So there has to be proper balance. Suppose if you think that some other site can be more useful, like which useful in the sense that there can be less environmental damage and you can go there. For example, some Navashiva link was coming here. And that time it was going to disturb flamingo habitat. But you need link at the same time if you just little bit turn, maybe you have to spend little more money. You can also save flamingo habitat. Not protecting ecosystem is like sitting on the branch like shake chili and cutting the same branch. You can give this example to your students. I want to show this video. Because of time constraints, you can show it. I'll share with you. But there is a solution as we said, like we can conserve natural resources through people's action. I will talk about sometimes in my next lecture about what is Chipko moment and Silent Valley moment. These were the two successful though and we could not get much success. There are different solutions like watershed management and wastewater treatment. I think my colleague Dr. Nikhil will speak more about this and different other aspects and renewable energy. There are very good examples in Arizona, in US and even Dharnai village that is self-sustained village in India. Sustainable farming, I'll talk in my food topic. Bhutan is the most green and happy country because people think that organic farming is not sustainable like it is not feasible but they are doing 100% organic farming. Sustainable business, now corporates are coming up with this green technology, green building, waste minimization, product life cycle approach and many corporates are writing sustainability report because they also care for their green image and in the process they also save lots on energy and water consumption and many other things. Yeah, so towards the solution, as I said, conservation of natural resources, controlling population because everything has got carrying capacity. We have already exceeded our bio capacity. Sustainable lifestyle, I have got a very nice story about Buddha but I will tell you some other time when I, like next lecture, somewhere I will try to fix it. Reduce reuse, recycle if you tell that story, students will be more and this aspect also like I already told that human beings think that we are supreme and everything is under our control but this is not correct. We are just part of this nature or in yours and if we try to break nature cycle, our life, our existence itself in question. We need attitudinal change because this thing I want to tell you that usually we think only about us. We need to think about our neighbors, neighboring countries. There should be a proper attitudinal change then only we can achieve sustainability. Here our chancellor's photo I have put, she says that loka, samastha, everybody should be happy and one concept we strongly support is Vasudevam Kutumbakam. Unless we have that attitude, we are not able to achieve sustainability. I don't have too much time to explain but sometimes I will show you that film in that the concepts are very nicely explained. Neuro's case I am trying to show you during fourth day of food chapter. This is a very nice thing. You can read it. Anthropologist proposed the game to the kids in an African tribe. He puts a basket full of fruit near a tree and told them that whoever goes first will win more sweet fruits but they all went together as a team and they had fruits because they asked what is this? They said it is a Ubuntu, Ubuntu is. I am because VR. So it was very touching thing I felt and I put it here. This kid now there is no time. So what I tell that you are staying in same place, right? So you can form a group of 10, 10 people, those who are interested, 10, 10 volunteers from or shall I tell now itself? Or you will form three groups at least. One from this, one from this and one from this. So you can take that any industry is coming in your area, you must be, you must too, sir. That Jaithapur, who had, you must do this kid. Jaithapur, you have to do on Jaithapur only, okay? When for any industry is coming and it is going to have impact on ecology of your area, on forest river, but at the same time you have to find out solution. We cannot say no to development. So how sustainably you can manage? This is the theme of this kid. I had a whole like list of this but because of time constraint I could not explain, give more time to solutions and I gave more time on problem and issue, like you know. And during this biodiversity and food topic and energy and water topic, we are going to address solution. This is not the end, this is just beginning. Dr. Nikhil will be talking on water and energy there. That time he will address solutions. I will be talking on food crisis. That time we will talk more about solutions. I am going to talk about ecology and biodiversity. This is just a beginning, okay? Policy and governance I have already addressed though we have pro-environmental policies. First we should have pro-environmental policy. Second thing implementation should happen. And that can happen only when there is awareness and people's pressure. Not a single political party in our country has environment as a major agenda. So that can happen only when there is awareness among masses and when masses push our politicians to think about environment. These are some people who have taken action to protect our environment. This also whenever I get time, next time I will talk. There are some organizations in the environment. These solutions, summary of solutions from WWF's report. Finally, I asked this question to my students. What is your role, okay? We discussed about problems and solutions. What can you do, okay? And are you ready to become young and moment-less ambassador of change? We know where we want to be. We know how to get there. Now we need to get moving. This is our students. Thank you. It's high time to take action and together we can make a big difference. Only together.


In my job, I come across so many people who claim that science is boring or hard or that they don't understand engineering or maths. But it really is fascinating. And a lot of the time, they're using science and engineering principles in their everyday life. They just don't realise it. There is so much technology in our phones, in video games, and there's lots of science behind how we play sports, recover from injuries, even in cooking, how we can keep our food safe and our water clean. Increasing society's engagement with science, technology, engineering and maths subjects in innovative ways, both inside and outside of the classroom is a personal passion of mine, as well as being part of my role within Insight. I work on lots of different projects. For example, one of my favourite things each year is thesis in three, which is a national competition for research students from all over Ireland who have just three slides and three minutes to explain an entire thesis. The competition is designed to showcase the world-class research that's happening right here in Ireland in bite-sized chunks. It's brilliant to see young researchers, including those from Insight, getting up on stage and telling the public about their own fantastic work. This year we're also involved in a collaboration with Scouting Ireland. I myself am a scout leader and we're working together to develop lots of exciting resources that will allow young people in non-formal educational environments to discover and explore STEM-related activities. The best part of my job is just how varied each week can be. No one day is ever the same. I could be in a school training teachers one day and the next I could be at an event showcasing our research to the public. The one after that I could be in a field with young people sewing technology into their clothing or building catapults, really exploring science in the outdoors. But the one thing that really makes my week after showing off one of our demos is seeing people really interested and engaged with either our research, our products, or our people. And that's when I know that we're really making an impact. If people are interested in learning more about what we do for schools or communities in Insight, just contact us.