Here we go first before we before we begin on The weekend I came across a great video and I think it works into forces here I'll show it to you and then we're gonna try and talk about what's going on with actual forces in this video And I'm not quite sure in fact I may even end up posting this on to the physics teachers News group for some feedback Did I put it here? I think I put it I think I put it here mr. Duke Let's see arrange by Date modified there it is A company claims that they have invented a machine that can clean up spills in a very remarkable manner Watch this is from Japan This this is bordering to me on witchcraft almost. I'm like, okay This is the machine That's some mustard. Oh, it gets better Let's start smooching some of this around Let's make sure it's actually liquid So there's your standard spatula, which just smears it I've tried to figure out what's going on there because it's clearly applying a force in one direction and There should be friction in another direction me. I'm really not quite sure what's going on here I got a sit and really think about this free body diagram because what should that catch up be doing? It should be smearing in the direction that that thing is pushing should it not It's what ketchup is always or it spills have always done for me yet somehow this isn't good morning, sir How are you doing sir? Did we just see a pretty cool video? Was it actually almost blowing your mind cool? Oh, it would be sure needed someone else had seen that video Feel lucky. What we got? Let's see. I won't even ask What are we at for okay, yes, pick it up first. Yeah, there you go. Good pass. Don't hit the objective. Thank you And Here you go Dylan. Oh, how's that happen? I don't get the that video I don't get the free body diagram because again, I'm going if it if that machine is pushing to the To the right or to the left there has to be a force going to the but friction that huh? Because it almost looks like that was frictionless it almost looked like it slid smoothly right underneath it and that that Liquid that smear whatever it was the ketchup almost looked like it had no longer had any friction I'm wondering maybe if that platform that little machine is vibrating really really really really fast So that the ketchup almost stays like on a cushion of air almost first. I don't know But it is pretty cool Meanwhile to today's lesson Many body problems more than one mass in These problems we have several objects connected together together by strings and The easy approach is to realize that we can treat the entire system as a single object Since all the parts are accelerating at the same rate what I'm going to say to you is if objects are connected with strings There's no way that I can make these accelerate at different rates the bottom mass and the top mass The string means unless I put slack in it and Devon we're not going to put slack in it Yep, you map them as long as I'm moving nice and smoothly the direction of the acceleration is different But if this is accelerating at two meters per second to your right, this is accelerating meters per second squared Sorry, this is accelerating up at two meters per second squared. I can't have them accelerate at different rates That's the first logical conclusion. We're going to reach So example one says find the acceleration and Then also find the tension between the strings right there And we're going to start out with no friction our frictionless surface What's the solution we're going to treat this system as a single object and write a force equation What we're going to do is we're going to walk along this string and we're going to list all of the forces I'm going to start out with this two kilogram mass, and I'm going to say what are the forces acting on this two kilogram mass get the obvious ones gravity What else? Normal force up. What else? Well, I'm just going to put an arrow here reminding me that there's a 20 newtons I'm not doing a separate free body diagram I'm actually just labeling the forces on this lovely diagram that they gave me I haven't represented the forces as a dot. I'm doing kind of a easier sloppier free body diagram for convenience What else well there is one more as it turns out There is tension in that direction because it's having to pull this mass And so it feels resistance from this mass on this string What are the forces acting on this mask at the obvious ones? Now because I have two masses I'm going to call this m1g and I'm going to go over here And I'm going to call this m2g and my standard Alexis as I always label the masses from left to right The first one is mass one the second one is mass two the third one is mass three Starting from left to right. You don't have to go in that order I'm just going to say that's the way I'll do it if you want your work to look like mine But we are going to have to label the masses as separate What else? Sorry, I heard it. Normal force because it can't it's not sinking into the ground Oh, and you know what since I have two normal forces I'll call this normal force number one and normal force number two because they're different What else? Tension the string is pulling it forward not the 20 newtons It doesn't know about that 20 newtons applied force. All it knows is this string is causing me to accelerate forwards Here's the nice thing Use your imagination think a little bit If I have a piece of string Is it possible for me to have a different tension over here than I have over here? I don't think it is I think Sean that if I'm pulling on the string I think both those tensions have to be identical I can't put somehow magically more tension from one end than the other and this forces come in pairs The tension is going to be the same in both So there's our free body I'll call the free body diagram. There's our labeled forces To find the acceleration We're going to first of all ask ourselves who's winning who is winning if anyone Which way do you think this thing is accelerating? To the right so who's the winning force? Okay, we're going to go winner minus loser, but we're going to walk down the entire string the entire rope starting here Winner That means anything to the right kodi is going to be winner Anything to the left is going to be losers. So these are vertical. I don't care about those guys.  What's going to happen to the tensions? See it alexis. I said alexis alexis. What's going to happen to the tensions? They're going to cancel. Oh, I love it when I lose tension. It's so relaxing Uh We've come to the end of the rope Now the only difference here jacob is instead of writing ma You know what? We're moving two masses. It's the mass of both of them times a That's the only difference Now remember what I said we're going to treat the system as a single object. We're treating it as one big mass tension cancels So we have this 20 equals And m both I think that's m one plus m two times a Find the acceleration. How would I get the a by itself? Going to move that whole bracket to the bottom of the 20 the acceleration is going to be 20 divided by m one plus m two it's going to be 20 divided by five Don't reach don't reach for your calculator Dylan in your head. What is 20 divided by five? Four you don't need your calculator for this one. Uh, how many sig figs? It looks like uh, two sig figs here Because the 20 has a decimal two sig figs two sig figs. So i'm going to go 4.0 Meters per second squared. That's the only twist we're going to add if we have more than one mass We're going to label all of the forces and they're going to walk down the entire chain Listing all the masses winners and losers depending on what the winner is But it's going to be the mass of both times a Or if there's three masses the mass of all three times a or if there's four what you're never going to get But if there was four, you know what I could say the mass of all of them times a That's it now. I'd like to find the tension Because it said Find the acceleration check Find the tension To find the tension We look at a single mass I'm either going to look at this mass Or i'm going to look at this mass and I think i'm going to choose this mass because it's got less stuff on it Both are fine. You'll get the same the right answer for both But this one here Dylan a little cleaner So i'm going to scroll down.  Yes So i'm going to scroll down and i'm going to say, okay Just looking at this mass only Who's winning Cassidy tension Who's losing on that mass? It's a trick question Nothing What about that 20 at 20 is not touching that mass that 20 is not touching this mass so tension That's the winner no loser Equals Are we looking at both masses or just one mass this time? So it's going to be m one a Now they're asking me to find the tension. Do I know mass one? Did I just figure out the acceleration by looking at both? In fact, that's going to be our Strategy or plan of attack we find the acceleration by looking at the whole system And then we can find any individual force by looking at any mass that has that individual force What was mass one three? What was a four dillon in your head showing no work? Woohoo, is that two sick figs? Yep units we just found a force because tension is a force newtons Hey, mr. Dewick, what if I hadn't used the three kilograms? What if instead I'd use this one? The two kilogram no problem. You all still have the diagram On the two kilogram mass Who was winning 20 Who was losing? There is a force on the two kilogram mass pointing to the left. Which one? Minus tension equals and now we're looking at mass two. So it would be m two a Let's get the tension by itself I think to do that devon I would plus the tension over here and I would minus this over there Is that okay? Could I do that in one step? Oh Thank goodness.  What do we get as an answer? 12 We've just proved the tension is the same But now that we know that we don't need to prove it again We'll always just try and pick whichever object has the least number of forces because it'll be an easier equation It doesn't matter which one you pick though. In fact, honestly ashley on a test I'd probably do both and if I get the same answer for both. I know I'm right I wouldn't do both right away. It's finish the test go back check your answers. Oh, I'll find tension using the other mass Hey, I got the same answer. I know I'm right Take the same diagram, but we're going to add a little pulley And hang it over a cliff Conor you're gonna make it Because I don't know where you are, but you aren't here you're gonna make it Yeah, I'm not okay So if we have a hanging mass and no external force Then we need to understand that it's the weight the mg of the hanging mass that accelerates the system. So What are the forces acting here? Let's do the hanging one first get the obvious ones Gravity and I'm gonna call this m two g. I'll call it mass two because I always go from left to right Is this in free fall? No, so something's slowing it down What the string? Oh, what do we call that force? Tension Is there a normal force? No, because it's not touching a surface normal forces only occur when you're touching a surface I think that's it for this part What are the forces acting over here get the obvious ones And one g what else normal force what else? The rope Tension and devin this is where it gets when you're finished you on it kind of weird a little bit Because the nice this is vertical. These are horizontal, but it's really the forces along the rope So I'm going to say first of all, let's clue in Is there any way that this can be moving to the left at all? If this is moving it's because this thing's pulling it down into the right So my winner Right there So what I'm going to do is I'm going to walk down the entire length of rope And any force that would end up pointing down is going to be winner Any force that ends up pointing up is going to be loser Winner. Oh, I ran into a force on the rope winner or loser Loser minus Oh, I ran into a force on the rope now if I follow it follow it follow it follow it follow it follow it follow it Which way will it end up pointing up or down? Winner. Have I done all of the forces that are parallel to the rope? Yep Equals Justin how many masses? Two and we're looking at both of them because we've done force We've done a force from this mass and this mass in this equation Then we better have m1 plus m2 times a or mass of both Times a I don't care which one you write some kids like m both because it's less writing Some kids like m1 plus m2 because they can see what's going to be going there. Whatever I can feel the tension just leaning what happens to the tension Ah, it's like going to my happy place Beach and Maui Tension cancels To develop a tension always cancel. Yep Can we just not write it? Nope I'll be fussy on that because I do want you to realize it's not that there's no tension I used to let kids not write it and then I found when I said find the tension We're no tension. No, there there is So we'll for the minus t plus t crossing out the one second that it takes I think is worth it Alex how would I get the a by itself? Yep A is going to be m2 g divided by m1 plus m2 It's going to be m2 4 times 9.8 divided by I think I can add m1 plus m2 in my head 6 You are allowed to use your calculator this time Although really you shouldn't need to that's 2 3rds 9.8 times 2 is 19.6 divided by 3 is going to be 6 point She's trapped the three carry I give up. I'm tired. What do you get? If you wanted you to do it in your head, mr. Duke Sorry fighting the cold Brain doesn't want to work 4 times 9.8 divided by 6 6.53 I should have been able to get that Oh, how many sig figs are we going to here? Let's see How many sig figs 3 how many sig figs 3 now this 9.8 is kind of a weird one It's sort of an arbitrary number of sig figs because it's really 9.8 If you went 2 or 3 I wouldn't freak out But I usually go from the data that they give me I don't include the constants in my sig fig calculation So I'm going to say 3 we're going to say the answer is 6.53 meters per second squared So there Is the acceleration what else did they want me to find? In this question sorry No, they didn't want me to find said identify the net force. We did there it is We wrote our equation Then find what my friend Acceleration check what else did they want me to find? of tension To find the tension we don't look at both masses because if you look at both masses the tension is always going to cancel Which means we're not going to be able to find it. We're going to look at one mass It doesn't matter which one although one will probably be easier than the other one. Which mass would you like me to use? Mass one or mass two. I don't care pick Alexis You say mass two this one Okay, now I am going to be saying to you in a second I would have chosen this one you'll see why in a second, but I want to show you you can get the same answer for both So here is using mass two. We're only looking at these guys now looking at mass two looking only at the forces here Who's winning? Okay, so it's going to be winner loser Equals and I'm only looking at one mass. Which mass did you say alexis m2? a There's our force equation There's our Winner minus loser tug of war Once again to get the t by itself alexis. Do you mind if I go plus t over here minus that over there? Can I do that one step? Yeah, okay. I'm going to go tension equals. I think it's m2g minus m2a Tension is going to be m2 4 times 9.8 minus 4 times 5 mr. Do it times 6.53 What's the tension don't I'll rush for your calculators at once or anything? Yes, I'm looking at you Sorry Oh, you already did it. Oh, I'm sorry. I thought you were sitting there like My bet the 13.1. Anybody else?  Because it's accelerating to the right Who's losing? nothing You would get tension. Well, let's try that again, mr. Do it you would get tension Equals m1 a and you've already got tension by itself in a straight plug and chug But either one is fine and again I think I said to you to be honest on a test when I was checking my answers Because it takes all of when you get good at this it'll take you about 15 seconds. Maybe maybe 30 So it's pretty good. Oh, uh mass one was uh, what was mass one two? So if you go two times 6.53 Oh, I can do this in my head two times six is 12 two times point five three is One point Good gosh, mr. Do it oh six and you do get 13.1 Newton Nice Oh, it says to find tension isolate one mass. Sorry. I forgot that it does that on the next page So we did it right here because I couldn't see so See above now For problems that involve friction We can still use the same approach, but the tension calculations are a little bit tricky We'll be doing this in physics 12 quite a lot, but I'll just show you as an example You know Imagining things If we had friction right here All we would have is one more force in the loser direction We would have one more force right there loser friction. Oh and friction is what times what? Your time's a normal four. I don't know the normal force. Oh, but look look look look I know another force the same size as the number four yet one more force You got to do three more buttons on your calculator Easy to deal with just why I like this approach here The atwood machine Why is it called an atwood machine? I don't know it's just called that I'm guessing a scientist whose last name was atwood wrote a paper on it The atwood machine is a pulley system as seen below. So you have a pulley Mass two makes it easier for a person or a motor to lift m1. How many of you've been on an elevator before? All of you every single elevator has a system where this is the elevator And they have a counterweight that's the same mass as the elevator so that when the elevator is empty Essentially it weighs almost nothing to move up and down because it's balanced So that way all the motor has to do actually is lift the weight of the people The elevator itself is perfectly willing to move down or move up with a minimal amount of effort Atwood machine elevators are great examples except Brandon the atwood machine is mythical This pulley here has no friction Is that true in real life? No these ropes here have no mass Is that true in real life? No, uh, this pulley here has no mass Is that true in real life? No, but will it make our math easier here in high school? Yes Otherwise you need calculus because as this rope goes down its mass is changing all the time because it gets heavier and heavier You're gonna keep massive okay So here's the first question I suppose I have equal masses on both sides of the atwood machine And then I lift one mass up Now I go When I release it, how does the system move? A it stays this way B the higher mass goes down C the higher mass goes higher I want you to think about your answer and then in about 10 seconds I'm going to ask you to vote and once again how high you hold your hand up is how sure you are of the answer I'm only picking because I know mr. Dewick will make fun of me if I don't pick I kind of feel like I got a gut instinct. Oh, I've thought this through and free-bodied and I'm sure Are you ready think about what you think your answer is Who says a few of you? Who says B? Who says C? Convince me Yeah, this sounds like a job for a free-bodied diagram Let's prove it ready Matt What are the masses acting on mass one get the obvious ones? I'll call that mg Is it falling? No, what's holding it up? Tension What are the masses acting on mass two? Mr. Dewick you didn't call them mass one and mass two that's because the question says they're identical masses So why don't I just call them both math both mass and mass? Oh, what's preventing this guy from falling?  Down it's actually a winner And at first glance you might think that this gravity is actually a winner because it's down But Dylan follow it all the way around the pulley and which way when it gets to this side will actually end up pointing up Loser no the force not you And we're looking at both masses Look at the left hand side What does it work out to? Well, what happens to the tensions? What happens to the mass g's the mg's? Matt, you know left hand side works out to fact we get this zero equals m both times a How would I get the a by itself?  No What's zero? So if you're not accelerating You ready? Who says a because you're not accelerating it must remain at rest There is no unbalanced force to cause this thing to move And we've done a lovely little says using principles of physics explain your answer I think we did a nice algebraic Oh, no numbers nerdy kind of a proof But we said, you know when we set up our free body weight or minus loser we get nothing zero equals ma Well, the m's aren't zero. There's gotta be the a's. These are identical masses Now there is some friction here is true, but trust me It's quite happy Says in the diagram below Assume mass two is bigger than mass one. In fact, what we're going to do is we're going to throw some numbers on here So Jacob make up a number for mass two in the teens somewhere And how about just to make this a bit fun add a decimal So we're going to go to three sig figs Something point something but in the teens somewhere give me a mass 15.4. So we're going to put a little m2 equals 15.4 kilograms Okay, and connor give me a mass for mass one Somewhere between five and 10, but give it to me to Three two decimal places three sig figs Something point something something make one up 7.23. That's an odd number. Why did you pick that out never mind? Let's label the forces acting on these masses What are the forces acting on this guy get the obvious ones? I'll call that m1g because they labeled it m1 Is it in free fall no tension What are the forces acting on this guy get the obvious ones? m2g Is it in free fall no Attention who's winning? Which way is this thing going to accelerate if it accelerates at all?  Did we list the forces from more than one mass? Then it's not going to be m a it's going to be m1 plus m2 or the mass of both Times a By the way part a says write the force equations. There's the force equation What does part b say? Solve for Accelerate okay, you know what? Hey, everybody tension is just canceled you've all canceled tension Y'all feel more relaxed yes Are you gonna do the joke every time maybe Um, let's see if we can without rewriting this. Uh, how would I get the a by itself? Shannon Let's go straight to the final equation and I think a Is gonna be a m2g minus m1g All divided by m1 plus m2 And you think about how complicated a system this is but actually we get a pretty clean looking equation It's not really plug-and-chug. You gotta have to use brackets. I think but it's kind of close This is why I like this tug-of-war approach winner minus loser Because we have stuff moving up and down in this question to let up always be positive and down always be negative Would give us yucky math m2 15.4 times 9.8 minus m1 7.23 Times 9.8 all over 15.4 plus 7.23 Just remember when you type this in you'll have to put brackets there and there There and there, but you can do it all in one fell swoop If you've got a good calculator Let's see. Can I come up with an answer in my head? That's about half of that 0.9 0.3 ish what do you get? 3.5. I'm at that bad off really 3.54 3.54 units map meters per second square oh follow-up curveball questions Now that you know how fast this guy is accelerating or how fast this guy is accelerating If I said after two seconds, could you figure out how far it had fallen? Well, let's see vi would be zero the final I don't know t is two d equals vi t plus that Oh, I could use d equals vi to have a t squared and figure out how far this little system has moved in two seconds Or I could figure out how fast it was moving after two seconds Or so there's all sorts of all the previous stuff that we've done is now also fair game Although usually we do that in physics 12 What does b want us to find? Oh b is to find the acceleration. Sorry, mr. Duke. What does c want us to find? There was a c wasn't there? Yes. No, yes. Okay. What does c want us to find? Oh, it just says interpret the equation for the acceleration. That's kind of boring. Um, You know what? We're going to add a part d find The tension but I'm relaxed mr. Duke. I just got rid of tension. No, we're going to find it now So d By the way interpret the equation. Here's what it means. Did we get a positive answer here? Then we guessed right on the winner If we got a negative answer here Shannon, you know what that means you guessed the wrong winner Actually, your loser was the winner That so it built in there's an error check there too One negative answer would be nervous Okay, let's find the tension Which mass do you want to use? Justin pick mass one or mass two. I don't care Mass one Okay, why did you pick mass one? Did you have a reason here's why Mr. Duke lazy nerd would have picked mass one Is tension the winner in mass one? Then that means it's already going to be positive, which means it's going to be easier to get by itself That's me being really lazy. It really I mean, that's me being so lazy. I'm saying I don't even want to have to write an extra minus like that that lazy Okay, so looking only at mass one then who's winning Justin tension Who's losing m one g equals m? We're only looking at mass one. So it's going to be m one a How would I get tensioned by itself? How would I get tensioned by itself, Justin? Yeah, that's the other reason I would have picked mass one because I would have also said Oh, and then the other one is negative to plus it over. I don't have to worry about minusing I'm better at I make less dumb mistakes when I plus than when I minus so sure Tension is going to be m one a plus m one g. It's going to be what was mass one 7.23 We're still wondering why connor picked that number 3.54 Plus 7.23 kind of a weird number times 9.8 And just and if you're lucky you still have this number as a decimal right on your calculator to all its extra digits So you don't even need to you can just go times 7.23 plus 7.23 times 9.8 if you're lucky What's the tension? Where'd you get shot? 96 0.4 because one of the three sig figs 96.4 newton is anybody else I got one notter two notters rest you know 7.23 times 6.54 plus 7.23. I think you're right times 9.8 96.4. I think is what I got or do you get or do you get 96.5 if you carry the original value? 96.4 Nice extension two masses three masses Same approach except it's now Winner minus loser equals the mass of all of them times a carefully label your forces and then walk down the entire rope Example three says find the acceleration of these systems Example four says find the acceleration and the chord tension if m one equals that and m two equals that I think what i'm going to do because I've talked for a long time I got a short class tomorrow what i'm going to do is i'm going to pause here I'm going to give you some homework to work on tomorrow I'll do this example and this example and then the rest of the class will be finished the homework So what's your homework number one? I think right now you can try number one two three four Five is good By the way look up at number four for a second How many ropes? Two well three counting this one, but two you know how many tensions you're going to have Two, I would call this tension one tension one tension two tension two and you'll end up having to solve for both Don't see if you can handle that one. Otherwise, I'll be willing to go over that either next class or on tuesday Number six now you don't have to do this all tonight. This is what you're capable of doing now And then i'm going to assign the rest of this tomorrow But i'll give it to you now anyways if you want to try and get ahead of the game because you're busy friday and saturday or something like that I'm going to be assigning number seven I'm going to be assigning number eight Why don't you just say all of them because I wasn't sure I couldn't remember Okay So we'll pause there If you can't get some of these i'm going to say leave a big gap Maybe tomorrow when I do the last couple I might help you or I'll go over them a little later on tomorrow in class


Let's hear from Gardner about playing 162 on Sunday. Brett, what's the team's mindset going into Sunday's game here? I mean, we've got to win. I mean, as simple as that, the same mindset coming into yesterday and coming into today. And obviously, here we are going into game 162, not knowing what the future looks like. So we obviously can still control our own destiny in a way. So just important to obviously show up and play a little better than we did today. We got embarrassed today. And that's obviously not a good feeling. And obviously, again, it's one of our biggest rivals and a really good team over there, but a team that if we're going to make the playoffs and ultimately get to where we want to go, a team that we're going to have to beat and go through. So just disappointed in the way we played today. And hopefully tomorrow will be better. Why do you think that happened today? I mean, they obviously just jumped out to an early lead. The three runs in the first. And obviously, they were able to, that's obviously something that is not ideal, but it's not something we haven't been able to overcome before or come back from. It's not insurmountable. So I think they just got up early and continue to add on. And we had some situations where we think Joey with a base hit and then Gio with a triple. And I was up with a guy on third and one out and popped up to the infield. And that was a chance. We had one of the few chances. We had to kind of claw back into the game. And they were able to extend. And again, I mean, we're playing a really good team. And we just got beat today in all facets. Go next to Meredith Morakovitz. Right, yeah. Obviously had an opportunity to seal the deal this afternoon. Now you had already betcha in going into tomorrow. Just how uneasy of feeling is it not knowing what your fate potentially is in the final game of the season? Yeah, I mean, it's not ideal. But it's nice knowing that we do still have a chance. I mean, with the way that the season has gone, it kind of makes sense that it would come down to the very last day that seems about right with the way that the season's gone. So hopefully, like I said, we play good baseball tomorrow. And in a way, we still can control our own destiny moving forward. And obviously, if we play the way we played today, we're not going to have a whole lot of baseball left. So we just got to be better and try and learn from a little bit, but mostly forget about today. And bring a lot of energy tomorrow. And obviously treat it like it's the last game of the season.


to everyone and welcome to the online participants in this part of the continuing Institute for European Affairs series of webinars on the future of Europe. We're very pleased to have as our speaker today, Konrad Schumanski, Minister for European Affairs in the Government of Poland. The minister was appointed to his post in March this year. Prior to that, he has held office as Secretary of State for European Affairs and prior to that was a member of the European Parliament for the Law and Justice Party for a 10-year period. He also worked in an earlier incarnation as an official in the Polish lower house, the CM. He therefore brings an exceptional amount of experience of European Union business, both at government and parliament level. And it's an experience, of course, that he will need to draw on as the European Union tackles what the minister himself has described as the most difficult negotiations in the history of the EU in the recovery phase after the pandemic. Minister Schumanski's talk today is to cover political and social challenges for Europe after the COVID-19 crisis. The minister will speak for about 20 minutes or so and is then open to questions from participants. All of this is to be on the record. For questions, participants can use the question and answer facility on the Zoom interface in order to submit them. So welcome again Minister Schumanski to the IIEA and may I welcome at the same time the participation of the Polish Ambassador to Ireland Anna Sohenska. Minister Schumanski, we look forward to your address. Thank you Peter for invitation and very kind introductory note. It's a privilege to be here somehow in an Institute of International and European Affairs spending some time before in previous incarnations in think tank community in Warsaw. I'm quite familiar with your enormous works since 1990. So it's a great honor to be online at least at your premises with your audience in Dublin. Of course it's a pity we can't be together in real terms. I hope it will be possible soon but this way of communication is of course equally important especially in this time as you mentioned complicated and quite important for the future of the EU. Every negotiation process is important for the future that's the subject but I think our future as a union isn't granted for sure for the first time in history probably and this is very very important moment. We feel this responsibility for the future because I don't need to ask that the future of the European integration future of Europe is very important for Poland and not only in terms of economic development cooperation trade integration which is very very valuable asset of integration to our to our welfare but also in political terms. European Union is a very important pillar of the unity of the West and we pay enormous attention to this unity of the West based on EU, NATO, other organizations because the world we live in isn't that secure as we used to believe. We have a lot of competitors of least if not challengers around us so we have to be careful with our own future and the future of union is very important for every European country including Poland. The post-COVID situation we experiencing right now isn't the first crisis we experienced last year. We have a cumulative crisis situation in many different angles. First of all of course the debt crisis of the 2008 you know it better than us being part of the eurozone and successfully going out of of this crisis and of course migration crisis a couple of years later not related in in terms of substance but it's quite tragic to be honest that all of those crises affected most the same group of sovereign countries. It's a tragic thing of course it is accidental maybe we could find some reasons to link those especially consequences but anyway it is a tragic fact and very important political fact for Europe which pose a question about our ability to react as a union how to define the reaction which would be relevant to the situation we have right now and of course in the same time we are still in in preparatory phase of the conference for the future of Europe. The conference was proposed before COVID of course but I think after COVID and with COVID experience and all what is related to this epidemiological experience the conference on the future is even more relevant than then before. Of course before we will offer wise advice for our own future before we will conclude our opinions about what Europe should look like. I think we should very carefully learn the lessons and we know that many different capitals or many different societies and nations learn slightly different lessons from the previous crisis but we have to continue our dialogue to understand best the situation we have right now. So before we will offer any vision of the future whatever vision it will be we have to carefully study the situation we have right now in terms of political responsibility economic consequences and so on. The COVID situation I think pose at least two different questions to the EU. First is strictly I would say narrow but we know that this is dramatic in the same time but strict medical and epidemiological questions where the responsibility of member states will stay in the same place maybe we can strengthen the coordination of our efforts that for sure would be valuable but I don't expect that in terms of health policies strictly defined health policy or even more public order or public security the responsibility will not be short with any supranational level and probably rightly so because the decisions like the decision of this year like the complete lockdown unprecedented lockdown of shops services whole society in the economy and the economy this is the experience we have in almost every single European country this sort of decision should be legitimate and the legitimacy of those decisions wouldn't be better with the with the Brussels responsibility at the first line coordination is good but the decisions especially the the fact is that different member states had quite a different situation and in different times so I think we should be rational here but in the same time we have much wider spectrum of responsibility which is a question of economic consequences of the of the lockdowns of the epidemiological situation in Europe and here European Union is and should be a principal player because this is about economic governance it's about transfer as we know today and here it's hard to find any better solution like the European solution of the for this this sort of situation of course I I think we shouldn't believe that this pandemic is the last one so we should be resilient we should be prepared for the next because according to scientific research and scientific findings we have to be prepared for the next this sort of situation for for for the moment it's rather unusual unprecedented for sure but it is probably not the last time so it's it's a high time to learn it's a high time to find and select the best instruments we should have in our hands in terms of public order I already said I don't expect that Europe will play more important role in questions like like public order on the ground but we shouldn't reduce this situation only to this sort of thing there are much more important questions especially now we see it very clearly we have a lot of much more important questions coming from the economic part of the whole situation first of all it's of course our dependence on international trade of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment of course we advocate international trade globalization made a lot of good things also for our country but in situations like this I think it is wise to think twice on our level of dependence in pharmaceuticals and medical equipment that this is why Poland together with other European countries Germany France Denmark Belgium and Spain signed a letter to the European Commission to carefully analyze the situation of our dependency on medical equipment and and pharmaceuticals the other question a little bit wider I would say I would try to collect my remarks this way from the most strict to most general a little bit wider question is the response to economic crisis are correlated directly with the lockdown of the economy and and society and here in general we appreciate the European Commission's proposal to do something unusual I would agree and to offer extraordinary instruments to rescue the European economy for some it is huge it is very generous for sure for some 750 billions on top of normal MFF is something even unacceptable probably according to the tone we hear in some capitals from our perspective it is a minimum of relevant answer to the situation we had only during next two years we a European economy will experience an investment gap according to the European Commission up to one and a half trillion euro this is the scale of the problem we are facing so our answer should be relevant in terms of scale should be relevant in terms of time because in this specific situation time is definitely money the longer we are waiting with the response the the bill is higher the we pay more and of course we have to put attention to grants of course loans are important we already agreed to to define new instruments like sure on unemployment based on loans like the special lines in European investment bank and European stabilization mechanism it is very very valuable efforts adopted by the ecofin ministers I hope effectively implemented soon but the loans are good for liquidity question that in case of member states where the problem of debt is already too high offering loans is isn't relevant is is not enough we need grants only grants can really help add a value to European response to the to the crisis of course everything will be based on borrowing capacity of the union which is right choice this is the the real European answer I don't want to go into details because we have a lot of issues to be discussed and negotiated of course allocations schemes the way we implement conditionalities structural reform etc we have to define it but I wanted to stress that in principle the general approach of the European commission in terms of scale in terms of timing in terms of proportion between grants and loans is is the right approach to this situation we have of course we agree that we we shouldn't create a precedent for the future we should be very firm on exceptional nature of the of the mechanism we are we are talking about right now we agree we share the opinion that we should be careful with this not only because of the legalistic interpretation of the treaties which is important but because we we we shouldn't provoke even more anti-European sentiments in some member states where the problem of debt and sharing debt is is is a question is a is a big political issue so we should be clear on this we should be clear on on the duration of the program we should be clear on the repayment scenario we should be clear on criteria etc that's for sure but we need this sort of of reaction apart from the mf mff of course we hear in the same time we hear a lot of that's about the national contribution to the european budget this is not the first time every time we we sit to talk about mf we hear that the contributions are too high especially from some countries where the net position is is negative i think it is very short-sighted it i think it's a it's a budgetary populism having in mind that the real benefits coming from the european integration is much much higher average seven times higher than the national contribution the the trade integration all benefits coming from the from the single market are much much higher for every single country not only for those who like poland are beneficial also in terms of of direct transfer direct transfers and not the essence of european economic cooperation the essence is the single market and the and the fruels should remember about it also in terms of public communication with their own societies because the one one day your society will start to believe that net position is everything about union this is the day when you may when you are making a step toward another exit this is a british experience exactly misleading interpretation of the of the budgetary obligations but we understand that that's why we as poland propose to be ambitious on new genuine own resources we believe that union should be or could be based much more than on national contributions on on genuine own resources like the financial transaction tax or digital tax single market levy or carbon border adjustment mechanism as proposed last month i think we should be much more ambitious and this is my advice european commission to be ambitious in preparation of the strict model of the own resources what we can't accept the known resources debate is the the model which would create a situation where poorer economies like central european but not only would pay proportionally more than the richest countries in the eu the very good example is of course ets based on resources quite devill we are happy to see that on the least of the last least of the european commission and we have much more than this proposition and i think we should be serious about it also to reduce the national contributions so much controversial for some for some countries but the redistribution and the financial aspect are not the only tools we have in our hands as a european union to make our resilience stronger i would like to mention just two profound importance for the crisis and and generally for the for the future economic welfare of the of the union first of all is of course single market single market isn't finished yet we have an almost delay in preparation of the full integration of the service market it's a pity because this is the only corner among the four the only corner which is not finished and not developed enough we should tap this potential for our own good it's a potential for for everyone and of course we should do more on digital market because here the integration of the regulatory regime could create an added value for for everyone the other thing which is very important from our perspective now especially post-covid is state aid and competition law was we fully accept we understand the enormous need to put unprecedented sum of money to economies of member states this is a need we we share we do it we have one of the highest proportion of the of the transfer to economy to save them to save labor market to to save jobs to to save sustainability of our society to to combat crisis in the in the end but we should be careful about the state dumping as we see the the proportions right now it is a warning because the level of state aid in member states is is different and half of them going to one country and so of course the capacities are quite different and i think european commission is fully aware about this problem but we want to continue this debate maybe the recovery and resilience instruments could be a kind of compensation for the countries which are not in a position to offer such an enormous money to to economy to find a level playing field in terms of state aid of course when we are talking about the future we shouldn't concentrate only on on problems we have right now the future of euro depends on i think on on some other aspect i just wanted to to flag it point by point i believe that this new european consensus we need this european consensus because we experience a lot of toxic sometimes stressful situations so we need a brighter horizon and this new european consensus could be based on of course recovery and resiliency instruments together with the mff based on investment policies like cohesion but also equally important role of the common agricultural policy which is not only about sustainability of the of the farmers and the society it is also about our food security it is also about climate change so we stress the importance of those two treaty-based policies in the mff and negotiation the other the second one is of course migration and as you know we should close this long-term debate and sometimes toxic to be honest we should concentrate on initiatives which can unite us i think we already did a lot in common efforts to to to secure our borders especially in in those parts where the resilience is lower not because of the member states failures but because of the geography i mean a maritime more borders which are much more complicated to defend than than the others. Poland is a country which defends and secure the the european border external border the longest after philden is pretty aware how important it is but we want to to base this this efforts generally on external aspects of the migration it is not only about borders of course i don't want to go into the details not to consume all of your time about it but without any coercion in in relocation because here we see clearly that the experience of member states migratory experience of member states is different and we you can't find a one scenario which would fit all member states because of the historical and say social very deep in fact a deeply rooted profile let's say the the third thing among the new european consensus four pillars will be of course climate where we need a compromise which would be ambitious we have no doubt that we should be ambitious about climate transformation but in the same time we have to recognize different starting point and we have to recognize that the burden should be assured and in a way which would be called fair and and just we did a lot we made the steps towards the the situation where the compromise could be agreed but but we are not still there and we are we are close and of course last but not least on visual single market which is sometimes somehow at least in narrative somehow abandoned treat treat this is something granted of course it is granted it is a backbone of integration but it doesn't mean that this is less important i think this is one of the most important aspect of european integration it gives us a lot and it could give us even more that's why we should be ambitious on on the single market in the end such a new european consensus i believe could create a situation where europe would deliver again european output legitimization would be indisputable again and then we would come back to the situation we all probably remember very well early 2000 where the european optimism was something obvious in every single capital this mood changed a lot and it's a it's a great pity we are we are troubled by this by this picture where we see a lot of complaints about european different complaints in the north different different complaints in the south and probably the the shortest list of complaints in the central europe sometimes against the perceptions sometimes against the conventional trust but anyway the the list of complaints is a little bit too long we should reduce the list of complaints and the new european consensus based on on four pillars i mentioned would be probably helpful so we should have it in mind talking about future of europe in these days thank you and excuse me for a little bit longer probably introduction not a town minister thank you very very much for such comprehensive remarks and i also say very wise remarks on on so many of the topics may i as a chair i take the liberty of following up one area first since you are the the minister for european affairs what's your current perception of this future of europe conference the state of preparation it does seem that the european parliament is is forging ahead perhaps somewhat more rapidly than the council what's your expectation currently in relation to both the process of actually starting it but also as to the the subject matter i think the conference on the future of europe was planned as a enormous social consultations across the continent it was before covid of course so it was very easy and maybe even natural to say that we need such a direct massive experience of of talking about europe in our local communities not only capitals and not only with professionals but also with the people who are part of this project from the social point of view after covid situation is a little bit different because it's hard to imagine a real direct social interaction as it was planned at the beginning and probably the difference between parliament and the council is the fact that all governments at the moment are totally consumed with the direct covid or post-covid situations or challenges they are different the situation isn't clear enough to to say that yes now we can change the agenda and go back to the metapolitical deliberations about about europe i think this is this is the difference i i see it in our council of ministers that it's hard to catch the attention of something which is not related to this situation on the ground we study the information we try to react in a relevant Moscow relevant way and i think this is this is a problem and from my perspective of course i'm closer to this sort of experience like conference the real conference but i fully understand that we should carefully understand the the experience after covid before we will go to conclusions because this experience is different in different capitals and isn't still fully understood what we really need as a union so that's why i think we don't need to be in a hurry and but we should remember that we should draw draw conclusions for our future to be more resilient well-prepared etc thank you the first question i have is from one of the researchers at the iiea as follows darin mariarty the incoming german presidency has prioritized the issue of rule of law and protecting european values how does the polish government hope to engage with germany on this issue in the coming six months but we already engaged on these issues for a couple of years so it is nothing new also with germany because germany as our neighbor of course we are in still contact in many issues including including this and it's a huge issue of course but i would like to stress a couple of major things first of all this is not a controversy about the principle of rule of law the principle of rule of law is equally important for war soul like for berlin or or brass this is the principle of our constitution they would doubt that the the rule of law principle is governing principle of our political life this controversy is about implementation of this principle in the real ground situation in this case in specifically in case of a judiciary reform in poland i mean judiciary reform is debated in many countries probably including ireland before the new government will hold a new term and so it is nothing unusual i see the risk of double standards in in european commission's practice i would like to stress the risk at least the risk of double standards because i see that sometimes european commission is trying to criticize the legal institutions which were in place during the time of our accession and was prized by the accession teams and for many many years of our membership in the u we want to restore the same institutions from the time so it is unusual to see that exactly the same institutions are now are criticized it's it's for example it's about the organization of the ordinary courts i don't want to go into details but this is a good example another risk of double standard is of course a critical approach of european commission to institutions which are well known in other countries the example a classic example is a national council council of judiciary which is very very similar in poland like in spain and in the second to latter example didn't create any any objection or any controversy so we see that risk but in the end we believe that the legal disputes should be solved by courts not by political bodies and what we expect from the whole machinery on values and rule of law at the european level is legal certainty by the way the legal certainty is a very important aspect dimension of the rule of law itself so when we see the proposals which are not very clear in terms of legal certainty and legal consequences we are a little bit critical and but in the same time poland implemented all the judgments of the court of the european court of justice it is important to remember and i think this is the way how to solve the problem of course within the limit of of conferred competences we know that the conferral the principle of conferral sometimes trigger um quite hot debates at the european level and i think this is the case where the problem of conferred um and competences is is quite valid thank you and i have a question from someone you may know adrian palm who is now the dutch ambassador in in ireland and the master covers the same similar ground and is the first part of his question i would like to ask you about two elements only slightly touched upon in your in your minister's introduction the rule of law what has the eu poland dialogue since december 50 december 2015 brought to the polish citizens second part of his question sustainability how can we ensure that greening the economy is not seen as a threat but as an option for economic development on the rule of law i think i i i have nothing to add i try to explain our position also to dramatize this this situation because of course this situation is unusual i would agree but and but we continue this uh this quite hard dialogue in a way which is sometimes helpful in the end so i don't want to add anything on on rule of law on sustainability i touched the issue of the climate transformation that we are stick to the transformation also of the polish economy when you see the data about the energy mix and growing potential of photovoltaic for example uh doubled this year uh comparing with the predictions uh offshore winds uh on Baltic sea this is a huge potential and and also business case it which is important it is not just a regulatory action of the state it is also a business case behind which is very very promising but in the same time we have to remember that the starting point to be general the starting point of the polish economy inherited from the communist time is is is different than than for example that's why we are in a position to agree that the europe should be climate neutral in 2050 we agreed in december to this but with a clear reference that poland isn't obliged to do it in the same pace in the same um way it doesn't mean that we don't want to transform our economy just opposite we we do want to transform our economy but the scenario of transformation should be based on our economic and social reality for example the risk of energy poverty in poland is probably one of the highest in the EU so we we did a lot with the social transfers the last four or five years to um to make our society much more sustainable and more resilient to the the question of the of the poverty in general not only energy poverty but we have to be very careful so so this is why we continue dialogue with the european commission and the and the member states about the european just transition fund i think this is the right way to do it to find a mechanism which would support the best possible projects which offer the the highest reduction of CO2 and i think the projects proposed by polish regions and by polish companies by poland in the end will offer a chance to reduce the the emissions in a way which would be very significant in whole european contribution to the global private agreement obligations i i'm pretty sure we know the data for example the heating sector most most developed heating sector probably in europe and has an enormous potential to to transit into much more sustainable shape or profile but we need a realistic scenario and in this realistic scenario for example in this case gas should play much a more important role and well we we understand some countries where the gas isn't necessary i think netherland isn't a good example but for many countries transit energy fuel isn't very important in our case the transit energy fuel is is very important and this is this is gas when we find such a evolutionary scenario i think we will find a calm ground on future of climate european climate policy yeah indeed to climb it very much on the the minds of many people including researcher here at the iiea kelly and rossi asks if you could expand on your government's opposition to using revenues from the ets to fund the post-covid-19 recovery i think you've covered much of that but if there is any further detail you wish to offer in relation to that aspect of our resources no the the way european commission proposed how to form a revenue for the european budget based on revenues from the ets is is regressive in essence because it would create a situation where we proportionally would pay much more than the richest countries in the u so it is not very fair it is not just and it is impossible to defend this sort of obligation the financial obligation of country in any parliament we don't want to be just negative that's why we propose other forms of own resources i mentioned financial digital single market carbon but the ets itself was planned as an instrument to help in transition so we we we can't forget about it that we got some portions of of ets allowances to use a different way so so this is why the regressive nature of the of the of this own resources is is a problem okay i'm just turning to the external side i'm conscious that you are a minister from the country at the easternmost frontier of the union speaking to us in the westernmost part of the union i have a question here from the ambassador of george in this country george zora basbili poland as an initiator of the eastern partnership how would you evaluate the ongoing progress how successfully it's developing and how do you see the future of the partnership i think that our heads of state and government actually had an interaction on this just just a few days ago since the time of foundation of the eastern partnership i think many things happened positive things happened on european side the reaction of russia to the pro-western integration of some countries is a contrario a best argument that we did the right thing we want to open the door it doesn't mean membership at the moment but we want to create a union which would be able to take responsibility for our neighborhood we have different challenges on eastern side quite different on the southern side everything changed because i remember the 2004 five where we formed the european neighborhood policy we believed that our neighborhood will be more and more uh converged or more and more stable because the european model will be so much attractive that everyone will will join that that model and probably it could happen but because of many factors it it didn't happen it it happened quite successful in georgia and in ukraine with enormous price to be to be honest the the price the the ukrainians and georgians pay for the pro-western aspirations is something unknown for average european i would say and i think it should be taken into account as well especially in times when europeans here in the union are so reluctant to say that europe is something good so we want to develop this this project we believe that we should keep this promise we keep this responsibility and not only in in the interest of the countries of the eastern partnership but also in our own interest and there is no space for vacuum for political vacuum around our borders we know it very well now sometimes we have quite tragic examples so if europe will be not able to take responsibility in cooperation and openness not enforced and someone else will do it so so then a kind of strategic competition is something historically rooted in in this part of the world it's it's different in the south of course and the north from africa probably someone else should to make remarks about it it's it's different but in nature is more as the same if europe is not able to to do it someone else will do it at the expense of our security and at the expense of our welfare in the end because the trade integration of the region would be attractive for european union may i ask you myself as a follow-up how you see then the the evolution of the news relations with russia over the over the coming period um i just to recall that only last week the sanctions on russia in relation to the ukraine have been renewed in that part of a rolling process of of renewal they and recent report as well in relation to some of the the online digital manipulation fake news and so on has not been very um not been very helpful to creating a trustful atmosphere between east and west there so how do you see it more generally over the next period that that category of relations having in mind what europe offered the russian federation at the beginning it is very negative development because we as a union that time poland it was first year as a poland membership in the union so we were not very great believers but but we agreed that we should offer something positive to russian federation to form a pragmatic form of of relations with this great country to accept that that we are somehow neighbors and with enormous potential and and that we can form this pragmatic relations and develop pragmatic relations in many many senses but the offer was refused it's pretty clear russia since that time decided to be aggressive and first of all against the the countries of eastern bank of neighborhood but also for some against some european countries i i want to remind that the problems with estonia with laxia now we have problems even with the countries of of western europe and the interventions to put it mildly against the democratic system of of our of our states of our countries isn't an argument in favor of any relaxation of the sanction regime this is just minimum and i'm afraid we have no choice but to wait for russian federation to change its mind on on its presence in this part of the world which could take some time it's already took some time yeah but we have to change that sorry turning back to another topic that that concerns both our countries in different ways brexit concerns us of course but it concerns you and i know it's quite a well followed topic in in poland a former colleague of mine donald denham former ambassador in the service asks with the withdrawal of the u k from the EU poland is now among the top five in terms of population in the EU is poland interested in taking on a more forceful leadership role within the EU to balance franco-german dominance up to now i don't believe in in such a modeling of the situation the franco-german alliance is very important with its historical importance to the to the foundations of european integration no doubt and history plays a role in this not that as it was as it was predicted that history will not play a role so the significance of this alliance is of course important but it is it is pretty clear and i i believe that also in berlin and paris that it's impossible to project the european future only by two capitals and of course those two capitals are not in line fully in line in many many issues we saw it very clearly and just after the depth crisis where the two capitals took quite different perspective on what should happen with with the eurozone depth instability and lack of convergence of the macroeconomics of the of eurozone member states so i will i don't want to to create such a such a picture where we have to consolidate against the the franco-german alliance we we need cooperation and in europe not tensions of course the withdrawal of the uk it changes a lot and of course changes for worse from the european perspective from the polish perspective it is not i don't see any anything good in in this i understand that the brit for british people for many of them it's the right choice that it is this obvious it is it's a sovereign decision but i don't see any anything positive coming from this fact for union or for poland or for anybody else we are losing very important country of course part of the european balance in many many senses for example in regulatory policy so we we are concerned about the the possible lack of balance in the same time we are losing balance in transatlantic relations so like a few k will be troublesome for for sure that's why we are so dedicated to find any any other form of of cooperation it's a great pity that we that we can't find that form of cooperation because we you need to for this sort of tango i hope we will recreate this ambitious cooperation in the nearest future but but at the moment it doesn't look it doesn't look good it's true that from the intra-eu perspective the balance of power proposed by the lisbon treaty this this mechanism of for distribution of power proposed by the lisbon treaty was planned for the union which expands not the union which is losing any country especially such a big country like you can so it is an issue of course we we have to be careful that's why we invite member states to build consensus in place of k and v wherever possible but it's it's a political question quite different just as a subsidiary question could i ask you about the process is now of the v4 co-op at the vichy grad countries what what what are the the greatest commonalities of interest and how intensive is the process of cooperation on on EU matters in the EU you can't find two exactly the same countries that's a great value of EU it is determined by history scale experience political sensitivity political philosophy even for probably those who are much more familiar with the with the humanities would add a lot to understand better quite contemporary everyday politics but in the same time before i can say it's one of the of the best organized group around interest around common aspirations of course sometimes we have to say no like in case of migrant some aspects of migration but usually we are suggesting we are proposing positive scenarios and single market is one of the question where we can contribute the mfo debate i think we offered a lot of positive solutions i already mentioned many many of them we just adopted the common position in in verb no and beautiful castle of let me tell you that the common position before the negotiations of the of the mff and recovery so it's nice very very friendly cooperation coming from quite pragmatic roots but in the same time no one of those countries would like to reduce the european activity just to be for we we know that the EU is the richness of 27 and this form of cooperation isn't against anybody it's just the form to strengthen the message i'm turning back to to the external side i have a question from poric murphy a member of the institute a former ambassador in our service the current u.s administration has made no secrets of its hostility to the european project how do you see the role of the united states in europe it's a pity to hear some of the comments made by politicians on both sides about the future of europe american cooperation because our problems in security in welfare trade situation position in the world are mostly common and we shouldn't reduce the the common agenda for the world so we hear it with with concern we believe that especially now comments and narrative is sometimes not fully representative to the essence and substance i think there are many proofs that the reality looks looks better but we don't want to be blind to the fact that the unity or the transatlantic unity is in crisis and what diverges from from some countries is is the fact that we want to to do something to to make it better because we are not satisfied with the fact that the transatlantic ties are not so strong as it should be so we want to show that this glass is half full not only half empty and of course we expect we hope that the mutual understanding will be better if i could just turn back myself to an internal policy if you like what is the position generally with regard to the polish economy but more particularly with regard to poland and the common currency the europe what is the current state of play in relation to possible membership i think our approach to a monetary integration as a country but also as a society is quite pragmatic and because i've been surprised to be honest by the fact that after the debt crisis but much later not during the most dramatic moments of this crisis when news were full of of quite toxic content we we noticed something very interesting that polls are definitely determined to to support european integration as a whole and in spite of some bad moments or a bad narrative in spite of some tensions there was no doubt that for for polls as a society is a nation european union is something absolutely obvious but in case of your your zone monetary integration the situation is different and when you see the polls it is not just political choice that's what i want to say it's not just a political choice of one or another party i think it is it is a national experience that the the future of your zone isn't very clear and isn't very known and that's why we are much more hesitant about the monetary integration and i think the crisis night in 2008 was was was important the experience i think polls followed the discussion inside the eurozone and at the moment we are pretty sure that in spite of enormous progress made we still have a list of questions especially about transfers and shards that which are not solved inside this this union so before this the problems like this will be solved i don't expect that the polls will be massively in favor of the eurozone it doesn't mean that we don't want to follow a responsible fiscal policy we we don't want to keep a monetary sovereignty to do with our currency whatever we we like no we we are very prudent and we we are very fiscally responsible country and we will hold that line but it doesn't mean that we will easily join the eurozone before the problems will be will be solved minister i think we can wrap it there i don't have at this point any further questions but i would like to thank you very much on my own behalf and that of all of the participants you've left us with a much deeper and more profound grasp of your own country's preoccupations in the post-covid european sphere but also you've given us great insights into the debates that are currently going on within the within the EU 20 27 as as we practically are now so i can only wish you well in these very difficult negotiations that you have described as upcoming and i very much hope that we'll be able to welcome you in person to the IIEA at a future date and perhaps to update us on how these negotiations and the european project have indeed turned out in this most unusual period that we're traversing thank you very much minister yes thank you i would be very happy to to join you one day in in Dublin because of many many reasons but also because of the reputation of your your institute a kind introductory remark is something is a question of culture i have no doubt but the kind final remarks is something even more valuable thank you very much for your kind words thank you all the audience i hope it was interesting and and hopefully to see you one day very much thank you


So Jamie says, and I can confirm this actually, many Mac mini users, both Intel and Apple Silicon have reported problems getting the display to come back on after sleep. For anyone who has a Mac mini, if you drive your display with HDMI and have wake from sleep problems, get an external USB-C to HDMI adapter. I think any external adapter will work. I am using an anchor adapter. I also use the HDMI adapter built into the OWC Thunderbolt 3 mini dock with good results. I've never needed to turn my Mac mini off with the power key while using an external HDMI adapter. It was happening every day or two using the internal adapter. I spent many hours trying to diagnose and cure my wake from sleep issues, including many hours on the phone with an Apple senior advisor. There was no resolution. So if a dongle that costs less than 20 bucks fixes it, that's a win. Yeah. Personally, yeah, I had issues too. So I don't use the HDMI connector on the Mac mini. I get a USB-C to display port for my primary display and a USB-C to DVI adapter for my secondary display. So I can confirm this.