Welcome back. So, we will discuss the iron oxointermediated substrate hydroxylation chemistry and the reactivity pattern that we were continuing from the last class. Well, I hope by now you have get this got the sense that this reactivity pattern is going to be predictable. We can predict of course, the catalyst will play a key role in that business, but overall we have increasingly seen that tertiary secondary primary in this order the reactivity decreases and electron withdrawing group also decreases. The reactivity steric factors can modulate the reactivity further and a directing group can override all the bias that is present in the molecule and can direct at a position where a 5 to 6 member ring formation might would be preferred. Let us go on and see some more example. In the last class we have seen these compounds where selectively we have seen that this position is not the major product, but this is the major one giving the major product over here the highlighted positions are the one where C H bond is getting hydroxylated. In cases where it is a secondary or primary bond then we get the ketone in the cases where it is a tertiary we get the hydroxylated product. Now, there are other controlling factors as well for which we are going to see the reactivity pattern and how they can influence the selectivity. For instance, if you have these you know cyclohexane ring with cyclopropane attached with it then in this molecule this you know this 3-centre 3 membered ring is electron rich that electron richness can be imparted in this case electron richness of the cyclopropane ring can be imparted on the alpha position of this cyclohexane ring. So, at these positions it becomes much more reactive all of them are obviously, secondary center, but these and this position these are equivalent positions these are becoming much more reactive compared to these other places and therefore, selectively these positions these alpha positions are going to get hydroxylated since it is a secondary carbon center we get ketone upon hydroxylation and further oxidation. This is the major product obviously, there are going to be other products such as these and these these are not so, much of a product formation from this starting material. Well, we can we can bring this cyclopropane ring in another context some example like these species is quite exciting I would say as you can see for example, over here this cyclopropane ring can enrich this position alpha position and this position both the alpha position or the consequent position or these two position can be activated by this cyclopropane ring due to its electron richness, but this is next to an electron withdrawing group. So, this is not going to be too much reactive this is the one which is going to be very reactive due to the presence of the cyclopropane ring and then subsequently these other product at C6 position will happen. In this case of course, these electron withdrawing group has effect in deactivating these bonds, but this is not too much not too much close to the center. Therefore, still this is reactive and a further reactivity is enhanced by this cyclopropane ring and selectively this position then can be hydroxylated upon hydroxylation it further undergo oxidation to give the ketone product. If you are seeing this cyclo cyclopentane or cyclohexane THF type of ring pyrone type of ring you will see that this alpha position once again the lone pair in this case of the oxygen atom can activate this position and this CH bond activation becomes much easier due to presence of this lone pair. Essentially this lone pair can donate into the anti-bonding orbital of this CH bond eventually making this far more reactive compared to all other carbon hydrogen bond that is present into this cyclic molecule. So, alpha 2 N oxygen atom having like lone pair are going to be quite reactive and that is what we see over here. Similarly, alpha 2 this oxygen that carbon centers are going to be reactive both of them gets the ketone formation. So, the ester formation and the ester hydrolysis ring opening gives rise to this dicharboxylic acid product and this is the kind of major product and the only product that can form in these cases. So, oxygen lone pair can activate the alpha position and the cyclopropane ring can also activate the alpha position this cyclopropane ring is also can activate the alpha position of this molecule which are quite powerful I would say for this sort of selective functionalization reaction right. So, these are electron activating effects ok. These are activating we have seen previously deactivating effect these are electron with activating effect. Now, we would like to see some of the natural products such or its analogs or complicated molecule can we predict the selectivity in these molecule. For instance over here you have we have different types of carbon hydrogen bond these are primary, primary, primary, primary, secondary, secondary, tertiary, primary sorry secondary, secondary, secondary and tertiary, secondary, secondary, primary right. So, since this is an activating effect of course, these positions are in a bridge position not so reactive sterically crowded also. So, this is not going to be easy to react these positions are not too much too much available. So, in this sense since this is having an electron activating effect at the alpha position this is the ring that gets activated and gives you the product selectively that one. So, upon formation of this ester product cyclic ester product we can take this major product or this product as a substrate once again this is the same substrate over here. Now, it is actually completely different ball game right it was activating in this case at the alpha position. So, therefore, alpha ketone formation is feasible this is a secondary center that is why hydroxo leads to the ketone product, but once it is esterified or once this cyclic ester compound is formed this ring hold ring is deactivated. This deactivating effect can be also affecting this ring in its hydroxylation chemistry. So, this ring also gets deactivated in turn also. Now, overall we have this axial position available for hydroxylation. So, this ring gets deactivated due to this ester moiety. Therefore, this is not really activating anything it is deactivating this is deactivating itself as well as this ring this is the one which is relatively reactive these are also I would say deactivated positions all these positions. So, the competition for hydroxylation is between this center that center and that center overall this is a primary center. So, this is not in competition these two centers are going to be most reactive in these cases right. Now, selectively or majorly this product is giving as the key product as you can see that upon hydroxylation and ketone formation there is this strain can be removed from this 1, 3 axial position right. In this cyclohook hexane ring this is an axial methyl this is an axial methyl this axial CH bond is under tremendous strain tremendous strain. So, once this 1, 3 bicyclic 1, 3 strain can be removed once it is hydroxylated equatorial position and then subsequently oxidation is happening. So, this ketone formation is going to be the major product of course, this is not far behind as you can see that this is also forming in quite good amount 46 percent and 32 percent. So, what we have seen in these two product or two compound that these are very complicated molecule or relatively complicated molecule I would say these are natural product analogs and in this case we have activating factor in once we have got this product this can then further be incorporated once again under the reaction condition and adding new catalyst amount these are once again not so catalytic reaction, but in any case this can be deactivating the whole ring as well as this ring leaving these 3 position available for functionalization still this is deactivated to some extent 2 and 3 are the ones where the possibly reaction can happen. 2 by reacting with 2 one gains the release of steric strain release of strain and therefore, this is turning out to be the major product at this position it is not really too much of a bias. So, we cannot prevent the formation of the ketone product over here because this is the major product next major product or subsequent product is going to be at this position at this position and that is what we see over here. Let us see some more examples may be the final examples we have as I think you are increasingly seeing more complicated the substrate is it is becoming much better or easier to react right complicated substrates are easy to predict or relatively easier to predict where the reaction is going to be. Now, this is a really a beautiful compound and a very complex one ok. Now, this product natural product analogs we can see that there are many carbon hydrogen bond that is present we can leave out the primary ones right primary ones primary second and we can focus on the secondary and the tertiary one ok. Now, as you can see this is a ketone molecule cyclic ketone ok. Now, being electron withdrawing this ketone molecule will deactivate this whole ring significantly. So, that any of this H bond that is present into this ring will not be reacting with this ok. Now, the whole ring once it is deactivated then we can also think of another ring over here this is also completely deactivated due to the presence of this ketone right this ring as well as this whole ring is deactivated that leaves only this middle ring over here ok this cyclohexane ring over here that is left for activation, but despite having many different sp3 secondary centers we can see that only selectively this is going to be giving the product and that is particularly due to the fact that this is more accessible CH bond over here and since equatorial position will be getting oxidized first because axial position approach will not be really feasible due to the sterically crowded atmosphere. So, equatorial position get hydroxylated first and then subsequently it can get oxidized to form the ketone although due to the steric strain what will happen this even in this situation a alcohol a secondary alcohol can still remain as a secondary alcohol slowly only 20 percent of this product is giving the ketone formation. Essentially in absence of this steric crowding the secondary alcohol will not be stable, but under this special situation overall geometry and steric strain are such that that it can still remain as the hydroxyl. So, in this complicated molecule you can see despite having many different types of carbon hydrogen bond that is present over there selectively this is the product that is forming and this is the major one that is over there right. So, well I think what perhaps then transfer that this value of this aliphatic CH oxidation reaction for lead state synthesis rests on how predictive the electronic steric and carboxylate directing modes of selectivity are in complex molecular setting right. So, how both the electronic properties, steric properties and the directing group directing ability will be the key for dictating the selectivity. It is not going to be one factor absolutely that is going to determine what is going to be the selectivity in these reactions, but overall we can expect that these reactions are going to be predictive or we can tell essentially where and how the selectivity pattern might would be all things still gets complicated, but overall this is a great guiding principle which tells us that more the complex the substrate becomes the better it is or easier it is for the substrates for giving a selective product rather than multiple products. Let us moving on well essentially these understanding can be extrapolated to other functionalization as well specifically radical type of reaction mechanism where as let us say for example, halogenation reaction if aliphatic halogenation catalyst exists one can think of a similar type of reactivity might be observed during those cases as well right. So, we will discuss very briefly selective halogenation of aliphatic C-H bond. These halogenation are quite prominent quite available in nature all this is a fascinating enzyme. We are seeing a very very special enzyme mechanism here these are called beta ketoglutarate dependent halogenase this is beta ketoglutaric acid see and this is the one what which is used as a substrate or the mediator for this chemistry. Let us say in the active site of the enzyme in this alpha ketoglutarate dependent halogenase enzyme we have two histidine and one halogen ok. If there are alpha ketoglutarate dependent hydroxylases where this would be a essentially a carboxylate unit. Now these sort of motive are called facial triad motive when you have carboxylate group over there. Now these two histidine and one chlorine over there. So, iron chloride complex is formed along with this beta ketoglutarate. Now this is a bidented ligand it binds with iron effectively as you can see in the active site. This is the real active intermediate to start with and the substrate the aliphatic substrate is sitting right next to it. It can react with oxygen to give you the iron III superoxo intermediate which can then abstract hydrogen atom from these substrate or it in this case since this is an going to be an intermolecular reaction to activate this CH bond. Intramolecular reactions are much more facilitated or much more common in these cases. Exclusively it will attack at this keto center to give you this nice 6 member ring which is now ready for further cleavage to give the iron IV oxo species. So, overall if you are following it properly you will be able to see that it is going to be iron IV oxo carboxylate intermediate. This is glutamate acid. Now this as you can see this is ligated with this iron center and this iron oxo is now ready to activate this aliphatic substrate. In this case both the chloride and oxo are sitting close to this and more importantly this substrate is perhaps position closer to the chloride upon hydrogen atom abstraction CH2 radical gets generated then it is a competition between the chloride and hydroxo. The present study shows that this radical will be generated very close to the chloride and therefore, chloride can transfer selectively without forming any hydroxylation product whatsoever in this beta-ketoglutarate dependent halogenase enzyme. So, chlorine gets transferred to this carbon radical to give the halogenated product without formation of any hydroxylation product. Now chloride comes in. So, in this case gives the product another chloride comes in and regenerate the whole catalytic cycle and this di acid goes out and the alpha ketoglutarate also comes in to complete the catalytic cycle. This is going to be the succinic acid right succinate ok. So, overall what you have seen that a non-him iron center supported by alpha ketoglutarate and a halide appended with two histidine and water molecule undergo intramolecular reaction to form a high valent oxo halide intermediate which selectively promote hydrogen atom abstraction and chloride rebound to give a halogenated product ok. Now this sort of reactions which can give halogenation products are quite interesting, but no synthetic chemistry studies are closer to this which can effectively form these halogenation product exclusively without forming the hydroxylated product. So, following this mechanism or exactly this mechanism it is not much easy or it is not easy at all to form the selective halogenation product ok in synthetic setup. So far not much model studies are successful in towards this direction. So, in absence of such suitable catalyst for promoting halogenation reaction people tried to come up with synthetic complexes which perhaps can do the halogenation chemistry. Towards this one of the metal center that is turning out to be quite efficient of course, that is manganese this is not going to be the structural mimic this is more of a activity mimic. So, instead of iron which is not really very successful or people are so far not very successful in following this chemistry synthetically in the laboratory the manganese chemistry is trying out to be quite exciting as you have seen that this molecule is or will go and give the halogenation product perhaps over there similar to what one can see in the hydroxylation cases. Here you we do not have any possibilities of formation of the ketone product or dichloride product and therefore, we are going to get a monochloride product right over here if a suitable manganese catalyst exists. Indeed there is see this is the work from J. T. Groves group these are early work even the manganese TPP complex can do such chemistry with the formation of hypo hypochloride which is working in a electrophilic manner or the chlorine is really a chlorine plus in any case these different aliphatic substrate can be halogenated by utilizing these manganese hypochloride formation and subsequent OCL cleavage. Over here if you look at in the substrate in J. T. Groves case where this manganese catalyst was used and then we see that this sodium hypochloride in presence of sodium hypochloride the halogenation reactions are possible, but this equatorial product is going to be major product in some cases in other cases it is just the 3B that becomes the major product depending on the ligand one can tune the reactivity of this compound. Once again if you look at this compound over here halogenation is not possible in this ring this is going to be the similar mechanism as we have seen or similar reactivity pattern as we have seen in case of the hydroxylation this rings gets deactivated and that makes also this ring somewhat deactivated and these two are the available position where one can think of doing the reactions and out of these this is the equatorial position which sterically leaves hindered and is going to get reacted efficiently and that is what has happened and therefore, one can see that these are both the hydroxylation and halogenation reaction chemistry or the selectivity pattern predominantly follow that of what has been seen in the iron oxygen chemistry or iron hyvalent oxo intermediate. Here reaction mechanism is little bit different compared to what we have seen in terms of the iron chemistry right iron oxo species was forming here is a manganese bis oxo intermediate which can abstract hydrogen atom to give the r dot and the manganese hydroxyl radical this hydroxy radical can then react with a hypo chloride or this hydroxide can react with hypo chloride to give rise to an intermediate where manganese hypo chloride intermediate is formed subsequently a radical intermediate can be promoted from here because this r dot is already generated over here this r dot and this chlorine or chlorine radical Cl dot from here will give rise to RCl and manganese gets oxidized to manganese 5 ok. So, I hope over on we were able to see that even in complicated organic aliphatic substrate where essentially there is no difference in reactivity still we can extract out some sort of reactivity pattern for these complexes and these patterns are quite exciting. We have seen that tertiary is more reactive than secondary than primary electron withdrawing group can make or reverse the reactivity pattern. Directing group also override all sorts of electronic and steric bias there are activating factors such as cyclopropane ring and you have the oxygen ring in oxygen atom inside the ring these are the factors that can influence greatly, but overall more complex the substrate is better it is for us to predict easier it is for us to predict and this becomes very predictive if the complex if the compound is complex. If seemingly no differentiation is there among the different carbon centers then the CH bond hydroxylation or halogenation is going to complicate it or in a sense that it will form multiple products. If one wishes to get them get selective product the substrate has to be biased of course, this is not a generalized solution, but this is quite exciting seeing that by seeing that there are not many solution available for doing even the halogenation of the aliphatic substrate or hydroxylation of of the aliphatic substrate. Doing this chemistry selectively it is going to have further implication of the catalyst development and overall implications of this methodology in complex molecular setup application and various other avenues. With this we will come back to you in the next class till then keep studying ok. If there is any queries let us know see you thank you very much.


A judge at the Central Criminal Court, also known as the Old Bailey, has sentenced former Deputy Senate President Ike Ikuramadu, his wife Beatrice, and Dr. Obinna Obete to jail. At a sentencing hearing, Ikuramadu was jailed for nine years and eight months. His wife Beatrice was sentenced to four years and six months in prisonment, while Obete received a 10-year prison term. The sentencing follows their conviction in March for organ trafficking. The three were found guilty after reigning a young Nigerian man who travelled to the United Kingdom in a bid to obtain his kidney on behalf of Ikuramadu's sick daughter Sonia. The jury said Ikuramadu, his wife, and their doctor criminally conspired to bring the 21-year-old Lego Street trader to London to exploit him of his kidney. The applicable starting points are custodial sentences of 10 years in the case of Obinna Obete, 10 years and six months in the case of Ike Ikuramadu, and six years in the case of Beatrice Ikuramadu. Obinna Obete, stand up please. There are aggravating features in your case.  After the conspiracy to exploit C was thwarted, you continued to try and find another person to be exploited in the same way. As against that, you have no previous convictions, and you are a person of good character. The verdict is considered the first of its kind on the United Kingdom's Slavery Act of 2015.


So guys, I am back with another Secret hidden room and how you get inside this one is located Within the faculty tower and today I'll show exactly how you get inside the secret room Okay, so this one is located right here. So you want to come to the south wing And you want to come to the faculty tower now? This is the flame you want to travel to if you haven't got this unlocked simply set a waypoint to it and Make your way to it guys pretty easy not gonna lie. You've probably got this Unlocked already, but if you haven't do what you gotta do So once you add this flame guys, you want to come back on yourself right here and come around here So the doorway is there. This is what you want to get into They can't open it as you can see There's a cold and you see these pads here There's two of them. We have to get a certain image. The first image is the one you can see right there This is the one you want to roll so you can go back to it. We'll go through them all again That is the one you want. I don't know what that is that a slope I don't know what that is the next one guys is down here. Keep coming keep coming keep coming And this one guys you want to roll.  I Don't know what that is people. I have no idea what it is But that's the one anyway. Don't go back up to the room and now you'll be able to get inside And grab that beautiful There we go There we go people and it really is as simple as That all my gear slots are full. I have to get rid of something But yes guys if you want daily guys on Hogwarts legacy, I will have you covered right here I've got plenty on my channel already So if you haven't already make sure you subscribe My bella for people if you want to share your character share your build share what you've you've you've created Be sure to join my discord that's linked down below too And if you want to stay up to date with other things make sure you follow me on twitter But guys, I hope you enjoyed the video. Thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully guys. I'll see you on that next one


Zimbabwe shall be joining hands with the rest of the world in celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a declaration that is optimized and recognizes that human rights form the foundation for freedoms, justice, and peace. And in marking its anniversary, the government of Zimbabwe makes the following pledges. One, to ratify two co-human rights treaties. And two, ensure disability-inclusive Zimbabwe and a guarantee universal access to legal and services for all. Firstly, Zimbabwe has to date ratified six out of nine co-united nations human rights treaties. And the government thus makes an undertaking to facilitate the ratification of A, the convention for the protection of all persons from enforced disappearances, and B, the international convention on the protection of rights of all migrant workers and members of their family. Secondly, the government of Zimbabwe pledges to accelerate the implementation of measures to ensure a disability-inclusive state by the year 2030. Priority shall be given to capacity building of the five pillars of community-based rehabilitation, CBR, with particular attention to health, education, livelihoods, social and empowerment, and the meaningful engagement of persons with disabilities in key decision-making platforms. Thirdly, Zimbabwe undertakes to decentralize and expand provisions of legal and aid services for indigent persons, in particular women, children and persons with disabilities. Through A, the establishment of at least one legal aid office in each of the 72 administrative districts of the country, at a rate of three new district offices each year. And ensuring that the requisite legislation for the provisions of legal aid service is revised and aligned to the provisions of the constitution and international human rights standards. I thank you.


Hey everyone, welcome back. It's Veronica Howard. So we are moving now into the unit where we're going to be talking about some additional advanced stimulus control strategies. These are going to be strategies again where we're utilizing a lot of antecedent stimuli and we're trying to bring behavior under control of some stimulus that occurs before behavior. We're also going to be promoting behavior change, still using consequences because remember if behavior doesn't pay off we won't do it. Let's begin with instructional training. This one is actually pretty straightforward, pretty self-satisfying. This one is not difficult for lots of people to understand because this is a type of training that we're pretty used to experiencing. When we're talking about instructional training, we're talking about a method of teaching that involves giving a verbal description of the target response and then delivering the reinforcer if the learner emits the instructed behavior. So in this particular case what we're talking about here is I'm going to describe the skill. If the learner performs the skill, I'm going to deliver the reinforcer. And since what we're talking about here is behavior that's essentially coming under control of a verbal stimulus, like a description of the performance, this is an excellent time to come back to and talk about that term that I've been using a lot, which is rule-governed behavior or behavior that comes under control of our verbal repertoire. So rule-governed behavior, we follow rules all the time. Why do we follow rules? Why is it that describing a behavior can evoke or set the occasion for a response which will engage in and likely contact reinforcement? Well, we have this category rule-governed behavior. It's behavior controlled by a verbal description of a contingency rather than the actual contingency. So two functional classes of rule-governed behavior exist. We have either clients or tracking, and I'm going to break these down for you. Clients is this way that we learn to follow rules because the person who gave us that rule, the person who describes that contingency for us, is also going to be the one who delivers the consequence for that behavior. So clients, you can remember this as being kind of short for compliance or being compliant with the instruction that the person gives you. If you follow the rule, you earn the reinforcer. If you don't follow the rule, either you don't learn earn the reinforcer or maybe something bad will happen. An example of this could be for instance that I'm going to follow the verbal instruction here, verbal speed limit 55. It's written down, but technically that's a verbal or that's a permanent product of someone else's verbal behavior. I'm going to follow the instruction to drive 55 or less because if I don't, I'll get a ticket. So this verbal behavior, drive 55 or less, comes to control my behavior. It acts on my behavior. It predicts the consequences that are available. A perfect example of this is one that we've talked about before, the Milgram experiment. Remember, in this experiment, the researcher brought in a subject. They said, you're going to do a teaching paradigm. You're going to tell this other person when they get words wrong, and if they get something wrong, if they don't make that association correctly, you're going to give them a little shock. The participant was taught how to use the electric shock machine, an actor in another room pretended to be the learner, got a lot of things wrong, so much so that they would get more and more and more dangerous levels of electric shock, and then finally, they would pretend to have a heart attack and fall over. The whole point of the Milgram experiment was to see if people would actually follow through with giving dangerous levels of electric shock, and the results indicated that they absolutely would. They would do that. And they did that because the person giving the instructions, the experimenter, continued to say the experiment requires that you continue. So the subjects, the participants in the study, continued, they continued doing the experiment, even though the direct consequences of their behavior was ostensibly to kill another person. So Milgram's experiment is a perfect example of compliance. We also see compliance, because we learned it at such an early age, we learned from when we're very young, to follow our parents' instructions. Now over time, our parents' esteem and what they think about us comes to mean a little bit less. We start to engage or seek out the attention and a claim or we start to seek out our own peer groups, and we kind of no longer care what our parents think about it, as we're getting a little bit older, this will circle back around when you become an adult, but for the most part, we become less compliant with our parents as their esteem and what they think about us matters less, because their reinforcers are less powerful. Remember, compliance is just the person gives you the instruction because they have the power to deliver the consequence if you follow or don't follow the instruction. You can contrast this with the phenomenon called tracking, which is where you follow an instruction and it turns out to actually be good advice. It allows you to contact reinforcement or avoid some sort of averse of consequence, but the consequence here is not given by the person who gave you the instructions. The consequence is just provided naturally. So for instance, if you were asking for directions from a stranger, the stranger's like, oh, yeah, go up there, make a right, you'll get to the parking garage. You're following those instructions and then naturally the environment is arranged such that it matches the verbal description, provided for you by the person who's not going to deliver a reinforcer. So they predicted the environmental circumstances that you're going to experience. Another example could be that you're given instructions, you don't follow those instructions and you get lost. You didn't follow those instructions. You don't contact the natural reinforcer. The difference here essentially is who's delivering the reinforcer. Both clients and tracking are categories of instruction following or rule-governed behavior, but clients is about following the rule because the person or the agent who gave you that rule also enforces that rule. They reinforce compliance or they punish non-compliance. They punish rule-breaking. Whereas tracking is when we follow the rule because the natural environment reinforces that behavior. The person who gave you the instruction predicted the upcoming environmental contingencies well enough to show you how to capture the reinforcer in those contingencies. Clients is closest to what Miller talks about as instructional training because remember that definition was the teacher provides the consequence, the teacher gives the verbal description, the winner emits the response, the teacher delivers the reinforcer. So Miller is describing clients. We also compare and contrast instructional training here with imitation training. In imitation training, the trainer is going to demonstrate the behavior, but you might find that in some of Miller's practice activities, there's a combination of a demo, like a modeling and a verbal description. And then you're talking about potential reinforcers, you know, is this clients or is this tracking? In another example, maybe your cat is showing you or tells you to use a stronger grip on your next swing is feedback, like good feedback. Yes, you did it and did it right. Is that a consequence that is a reinforcer? Maybe. What about tracking? Could we find that your cat gives you a piece of advice, your cat leaves, and then you use that advice and contact natural reinforcement? Yes, absolutely. Now, we're going to come back to the idea of imitation training. We're going to talk a little bit about that confusing bit where you have a combination of a verbal description and a demonstration because we get that in a lot of training. But I want to talk a little bit here about how do we make sure that other people are following our instructions? What do we do when people don't listen to what we have to say? Well, this happens pretty often. You know, managers need their employees to follow their instructions, roommates need to be able to help one another to live together successfully, spouses need to help one another to get that domestic harmony. And I mean, think about parenting children, you need your parents, you need your children to do the things that you're asking of them. When you think about instructions, remember that instructions are always going to be an antecedent that set the occasion for behaviors. The instruction occurs and then the behavior of following that instruction is what we're interested in. And when we're getting other people to follow our instructions, essentially what we're trying to do is please comply with my instructions. Please admit the behavior that I've just described for you. So in order to get that antecedent to have power, it's super, super important that we kind of follow through to make sure that the person actually does the thing that we asked of them. So we need to monitor to see if our instructions are followed. And we need to always have a programmed consequence that we give to folks for following our instructions. Remember, consequence can refer to a reinforcer. So if you're going to give an instruction, you got to make sure that you're following up and planning to reinforce when that instruction is followed. If you're thinking about instructions from the perspective of tracking, then you just have to make sure that you're giving good advice. If your advice is really rubbish and it doesn't actually communicate for folks what the environment is going to be like, then people aren't going to follow your advice anymore. If people are not following your instructions, you can troubleshoot that too. Perhaps you're giving so much information or too many instructions that you actually can't deliver consequences effectively for each one or maybe you didn't monitor the progress of the learner or if we're talking about tracking, maybe you need to check and see if your advice actually matched up with the contingencies that the person experienced. The problem here is, are you giving too much information, too many antecedent stimuli or is it because your verbal description didn't actually match the contingencies. So that brings me to this idea that your instruction absolutely must predict consequences if it's going to have any value. So let's talk about one of the best one of my favorite studies in all of psychology called a marshmallow study. So in this classic study, I'm going to post a cute video in the description and in our study guide in the original marshmallow study. Children are left alone for a brief period of time with a marshmallow and the researcher said, hey, I'm going to leave you for a couple minutes. I'm going to go down. I'm going to grab another marshmallow. If I come back and that marshmallow is still here. I'm going to give you another one.  That's the only one you get. So it's kind of a way of tracking how much self control a person has, whether they can wait to eat the marshmallow. And this is a super famous study. You've probably heard of it before. Now, researchers in this original study hypothesized that kids, some kids are just going to have better levels of self control than others. And in this particular study, the results of this original study, researchers actually found that there was a correlation between a child's ability to wait for that second marshmallow and some of the outcomes they had later in life. In this particular case, kids who could wait for that first marshmallow, when they could wait and then the researcher comes back and boom, they are in their second marshmallow. Those kids who had the capacity to wait are also the kids who had better grades, better social skills. They were less likely to get into trouble with the law or with their principal. They were more likely to avoid drug abuse. They had better outcomes overall. But we need to understand the role of the antecedent stimuli here. So there's a replication of the marshmallow study that was conducted recently within the 2010s. It was a Celeste kid replication of the marshmallow study. Celeste kids specifically wanted to evaluate what impact changing those antecedent stimuli would have on whether kids followed instructions. So in this replication, participants were given some toys and all these aren't really good crayons. We're going to we're going to do some stuff. But you know what? I'm going to go and I'm going to find I remember that the other researcher had a better set of art supplies. I'm going to go get them. This is the point when the experiment begins. Half of the children were promised better toys and crayons and art supplies. And when the researcher left, they came back with better toys and art supplies. But for the other half of the kids, the researcher promised better toys and art supplies, but they came back and they were like, Oh, I guess the good ones are gone. Someone else has them right now. So essentially what we have here is we have one set where the researchers promise matches what the environmental contingency is. We have another half of the kids where the promise does not match the actual environmental contingency. And the result here was that in this study, she ran through the original marshmallow study. She did this promise condition and then said, Okay, well, let's move on. What we're going to do is I'm going to leave you with the marshmallow. So she did the same marshmallow experiment. I'm going to give it to you. I'm going to leave for a couple minutes. I'm going to come back. If you don't eat the first marshmallow, I'll give you a second one. But here's where it gets really interesting. The kids who had those reliable adults, the kids who were in the condition where they were promised better toys and crayons and art supplies and received them were almost twice as likely to wait for the second marshmallow than the kids who were experiencing unreliable adults. Then the kids who were promised by the researcher that they were going to go and get the better art supplies and they came back empty handed. So I want to say that one more time. When kids were promised by the researcher that they would get better art supplies and the researcher delivered during the actual experiment kids were twice as likely likely to wait for the research and bring back the marshmallow. But the kids who were promised better toys and supplies and didn't get them from the researcher ate the marshmallow really quickly. Because again, when you're giving rules, when you're giving verbal instructions, you absolutely have to make sure that your antecedent stimulus predicts the consequence. Otherwise, the antecedent stimulus has no value. And that's the biggest place where people make mistakes. In summary, remember, instructional training involves describing a behavior and then reinforcing the behavior when it occurs. There are two kinds of rule, government behavior that we've talked about clients and tracking appliances when the instruction giver is also the person who's going to reinforce the instruction following. And tracking is where the instruction giver is not going to reinforce, but rather the natural environment reinforces. So following that good advice pays off for you naturally. But the most important thing to take away here is that your rules must accurately predict the consequences because if there's not perfect correspondence between the antecedent and the consequence, if your verbal rule does not perfectly predict what will happen, the verbal rule means nothing. And this is the biggest way in which our instructions come to lose their value, come to lose their power. So I hope that you've enjoyed this. If you have questions, please let me know. I'll see you next time.


Hey there friends, thanks for checking in. Have you noticed that carry guns have become Larger and larger as time has gone on at least the way the manufacturer is categorizing a Carry gun I equate this to cell phones back in the day only rich people had cell phones And then they had the one you'd carry around with a bag It had a cord going to the the handset and that was a big deal But then they came out with the standalone phone and I was one of the first to get it as a young guy in the early 90s I got a phone call from my brother said hey you can get one of these I can get one for you cheap I said yeah get it. I didn't even know how to use it But I would walk around act like I was talking to people said that's one of those new cell phones right there And I loved the attention even though I didn't know how to use it But as time went on phones became smaller and smaller and then they came out with flip phones and even these tiny little phones They had and smaller was better and slip it in the pocket and be done with it But then the internet got involved and phones became larger and larger and larger again Some phones are like this big now and we see that exact same trend with carry guns The Kel-Tec P380 was a huge deal the P32 also a huge deal very small prior to that they were large 1911 4-inch barrel revolvers, but then they became a trending Pattern became very small little pocket guns then Ruger LCP You know Ruger copied the P380 They came out with their own version and people were selling those for their bidding wars that that gun shows for over $600 to get their hands on that if you could believe it or not But then as time went on people said I don't want the 380. I want the 9 millimeter car had the PM 9 diamond back had the DB 9 the Shield came out. It was a huge seller couldn't even keep them on the shelves at the gun stores They were selling for over $600 once again But then when sick came out with the P320 and they were able to stuff 10 rounds in a magazine with a 3.1 inch barrel It became hugely popular and then they started increasing the magazine size This is a 12 round and then they continued to do that Then they came out with the X compact began to make them Larger and people were eating those up and the X macro came out it made huge news People wanted a larger handgun. You look at Springfield with the Hellcat three inch barrel Subcompact double-stack nine millimeter what they do they came out with the Hellcat pro 3.7 inch barrel and now 17 round mags you look at the SIG X compact 15 round mags The 3.7 inch barrel and what did they do? They have the P320 X carry with larger mags. It's a larger overall Handgun, I think things are trending larger. You look at the Taurus GX4 when this came out people were shocked, you know the small little lightweight 11 round carry gun three inch barrel, but what did they do they came out with a GX4 carry, they made a larger gun 3.7 inch barrel 15 round mags and they're calling it a carry gun So things trended very small for a long time and now things are getting large again And we're seeing people carry in 1911's is it a sign of the times or is it just trending in that direction? Or is this a bunch of nonsense because I know the single-stack market is still large people are pocket carrying either as a secondary or a Primary handgun people are still carrying Revolvers with five and six rounds in the pocket and they they say you know what I don't want to deal magazines I don't want to deal with anything I want the revolver and then others are going with the larger handguns and what I'm wondering is Where do you sit on this? Are you Saying I want to get the the largest handgun I could possibly carry still maintaining a comfort level where I know I'll carry it every day or I'm fine with the lower capacity because I feel it would be enough to protect my life if needed capacity is always a Big deal if you carry a single-stack I highly encourage you to carry a spare mag because you just don't know What you could be in for and you don't know how many rounds it's gonna take to fend off an attacker Double-stack 9s became popular and then we saw an explosion of those now We're seeing those same guns made by the same Manufacturers, but in a larger format where people are saying I think that's the one I need Prior to that, you know, you look at the FNS 9c. There is that medium 3.5 inch barrel the p10s by CZ right in the midst 12 round mags 3.5 inch barrel and a lot of people were fine with that. I don't know where you stand That's what I'm wondering are you still a Glock 19 guy that will carry that and say I want the 15 rounds and I want the reliability of a Glock or I'm going with a smaller pocket gun or somewhere in between The trend is kind of fascinating if you think about it how things went from so small to a little bit larger to a little bit larger to a Almost a full-size handgun, which brings it back to where it was about 15 years ago Let me know what you think. I'm sure interested to hear your thoughts If you like videos like this, please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


This study found that a cancer-associated fibroblast, CaF, associated signature could accurately predict the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with bladder urophilial cosonoma, BLCA. This signature consists of 27 genes, which were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, WGCNA. Patients with high CaF scores had significantly poorer outcomes compared to those with low CaF scores, and CaF scores were also found to be independent risk factors. Additionally, patients with high CaF scores did not respond to immunotherapy, while those with lower CaF scores showed positive responses to immunotherapy. These findings suggest that the CaF-associated signature may be useful for guiding personalized treatment plans in patients with BLCA. This article was authored by IWAGU, Anhuishwa.


All right traders good afternoon. We'll come on back here this Monday March 4th Great to see all of our members just joining us inside our live trading room We got Brian just still with us here I saw Michael just a moment ago ended up seeing Steve Bob Michael had John Patrick Louise Brad and all of our students members just joining us there Hey, great to have you and you know what? We have to actually move pretty quick because we have the phase 2 class is actually continuing up this afternoon But great to see all of our students there And if you're just joining us back on social media Facebook live linked in Twitter YouTube X whatever social media platform you may be on that namely is that cyber trading you on the lower left There we go popping up right now So hey, if you're not followed or caught up to speed subscribe to any of our social media platforms Search for at cyber trading you and then from there just you know That's your best shot of knowing when we're going live when we're not of course join us inside our live trading room Each and every day though to get the full rendition now You know I was talking to one of my students Brian just before and chat and you know on the side and we're looking for a balance on CLSK so I was in this just a moment ago I was in it short throughout my morning and then heading into this part of the afternoon I took a smaller short off of 1622 bit of a ladder popped up on the ask not on the bid But on the ask and that's what led to the drop down lower to 16 and then from there just took its time So before this meeting started I just wanted to make sure I was out of any and all trades here You can see on the bottom right as I pull up. I'm flat right now. It's been a really good day so far I don't like trading while I'm doing these meetings really I don't like trading especially while I'm in class later on at 305 So, you know, there might be a trade I take coming up and I'll just get in and out of quick But CLSK start to move up a little bit without me I know that Brian W our student right now is doing pretty good on it here I'm not namely broke under and over 16 But just before it was like flattening out here for a bit flattening out I thought it was going to make the move sooner So I took a chance and you know what it could have worked out But if I just waited a little bit longer Maybe I wouldn't have been so emotionally tied to the impatience there And I would have taken it under and over when I should have and I'd be in this trade now But either way we're gonna put this on our watch list heading into the afternoon It's still easy to borrow from me on trade station Oh, if this keeps pulling back here and testing support Then I'd like to think there's a good chance that we'll see a lower low But you know what a lot of these crypto modding stocks that we trade and call out You know, especially if you're later Michael Phil Brian inside our live trading room now You know any of our students that have been with us really from the last cycle of Bitcoin and all that No, anytime Mara or Riot coin base CLSK You know these stocks anytime that they're at the high of the day. They normally don't continue up Well, I'll tell you what that actually is pretty meaningful here because the same as to be set on the way down That's where with this down 9-10% maybe we do get that squeeze up heading into the afternoon No, that's what I was just focused on there with Brian before and you know, even though I'm not in it now It's still off to a good start from 16. So see if this can keep pushing Yeah, you know what? There's a little discrepancy in Bitcoin movement versus the miners right now I was talking to Brian about that also on the side You know, I actually have a question from one of our students for traders talk tomorrow, Luis So, you know for any one of us right now Luis Michael Brian If you have any questions about stocks, namely we tend to trade each and every day You know, we do our live workshop tomorrow But also on top if you want to send over any Bitcoin crypto affiliated questions I tried having a little conversation with us earlier here just kind of asking, you know Hey, do you tend to follow crypto? Do you do you tend to follow Bitcoin at all and you could actually pull up the alerts or the Scroll up on the alert section there and see the results. I just posted it there on the top right for you You know, it looks like most of us at least have some formal interest in it Whether it's Bitcoin only or the smaller coins included and even if not the crypto Maybe it's just the stocks like CLSK like Mara like Coinbase, right? So now I was just trying to engage in that earlier, but you know for traders talk tomorrow Let me know if you have any questions at all. But yeah, CLS cable ad Let me just rip through the other ones actually Coinbase this one's actually really strong moving a lot better with BTC Bitcoin That is as a whole, you know up 12 and a half per up 12 and a half plus percent now You know what I could add Coinbase to, you know, if CLSK bounces that maybe there is a case where this one at least tries to make that a More rare Continuated move into the close, but you know, we'll see what happens there. What else we got right? We don't need to add them all I'm only really just adding the ones that we're calling out So Coinbase because it's more well known and actually at the highs You know, I could probably slip Mara on our list too. Those are the main three Let's say Coinbase Mara and then the CLSK trade perhaps rising tide lifts all boats here And we get a stronger, you know move up all together here collectively into the close All right, but don't hope for that though at least don't just hold your breath waiting for that I know it's kind of comparing apples to oranges here But really quickly as we go from top to bottom here right now You know, don't hold your breath waiting for pH you went to try and make a higher high, right? We were looking for that earlier here and rightfully so with higher lows But it ended up failing here and it came back down and we needed to see 15 hold this support It broke below that it pulled back to the VWAT price It tried from there and then a snap lower. So, you know, you don't want to keep just Lowering, you know your your bounce level your support level because there's honestly going to be other trades that look much stronger Than this at this point. So, you know, that's where I just say even for the crypto stock same thing But certainly for pH you when we're gonna move away from this trade for right now You know go from top to bottom here Foo-foo F you F you and pardon my French there. I'm not cursing at anyone there. I'm not telling anyone to You know what off so with that said bit foo-foo ink. I guess they're a new crypto stock I you know, it's got a really thin order book here If you look at level three and level four, it's just very thin paper thin in fact So I'm gonna pass on that one really Now this is not a crypto stock, but we don't need crypto there for us. This is just ocean biomedical It's a cheap stock, but although it it does have a little spread right now It's got like a two three four cent spread even it does have decent order size So I like that here for the meantime here The OCEA I'll add back to our list trending back up for right now I'm pretty close to the highs and close to that major resist resistance at four bucks All right long day on the stick there. I just refilled up right before this meeting Joseph our trial member here saying CLSK showed classic w pattern Yeah, perhaps. I mean hey, you know what we call under and over right? It's kind of like a w It's like a v v w u under and over right? So ended up breaking under 16 over 16 And that's namely what we look for when it comes to you know trying to anticipate support to not just build But get that reaction that you'd want so pretty good pretty good Start here so far in CLSK All right, so going back to the gainers list at least we got OCEA on there too So honestly, we got a great list already We don't really need to build too big of a list when yet when we have four pretty volatile stocks already there And I say volatile in a good way, you know complimentary way volatile is not always like Too fast too crazy. It might just be crazy enough for us COCH this is a little too crazy. I see that because the order book Big spread paper thin out there really no one real out there as I like to now say This one already tried pass on this the LVTX Ooh BB AI trying to push again. Look at this They can hire a lows still even when it last shook down I thought it was going to break lower and surprised me here So yeah, nice to run into it now BB AI the AI trades will just take a look at I made some good money on the SOUN just before off of 550 Broke under then back over 550 pretty similar to like CLSK at 16 just before So, you know, this was a great trade right from that level And with that said I could add SOUN on there too Honestly, I mean, it's not bad. It's from our side list day to day We tend to follow the stock Don't be surprised though If you keep seeing lower highs on the daily chart and with that lower low But you know that that'll be tomorrow's worry or maybe even this afternoon's worry But for now hire lows still off of that 550 BB AI looking pretty good You know, I was really focused on AI this this one here actually just before I didn't call it out in the chat Hey, I shoot straight. I tell you what what the deal is here folks Like I would tell you I called it I didn't call it out because for a more expensive stock I didn't really know if it was going to make that larger two three dollar bounce Like get all the way back up to 37 38 So I was looking at it for a moment and it just wasn't going anywhere So I pulled the trigger just took a small profit like barely It was like a break even basically Because it's on small shares anyways at $35 stock, but it's not going anywhere So the other two the BB AI the SOUN, you know, I'm going to put those on our main list SMCI obviously is Fausto swing I'm going to add that to our list but kind of separate that because Namely as a swing trade, it's you know, very expensive mind you But you know, it's one that we've been following for a long time now And he's been head on really since the initial breakout of this trade What like a month back at this point Month and a half back at this point So breaking new highs here at the stage and we'll add the SMCI Kind of just as a swing trade there for Fausto MSTR to you could probably put on that list This is like as much of a Bitcoin stock as you can find Maybe I'll talk more about that tomorrow But again, this is also something to keep in mind as a swing trade at least MSTR Macy's too flat All right, see if there's anything else looking good from the gainers list Actually number 50 is up 13% So there's a bunch of these like Bitcoin ETFs littered throughout this gainers side Again, we're not going to trade them Not going to really focus on all of those But if there's really anything else kind of moving on its own right now folks For Michael, for Phil, for Leda, Luis, Jeff, Joe Any of us in the chat right now Definitely just type it in the chat right now And so we work together as a team Right, it's pretty much all I got RNLX lower highs here from my side and that's it All right, so hop over to the losers list See if there's anything I mean maybe dropping off on its own Being a good short, maybe a dead cat bounce if it's down enough This ain't going anywhere This ain't going anywhere All right NYCB down 17 to 18% This is going somewhere Looks like it's going to the ground floor Yeah, I mean it is shortable Right It's not down enough percentage wise today For me to look for a dead cat bounce But when I say today, let's factor in from like the end of January This stock was $10, $11 So as much as I say, yes, I can easily keep dropping lower And that's the initial direction I would assume on this trade Let's think about what happens if it fails to do that No, it could be in line for a dead cat bounce I don't mind kind of slipping this towards the back end of our watch list here for the meantime You know as a day trade Kodiak, KODK, what goes up comes back down This actually was easy to borrow I didn't notice that up until like maybe like 1pm I didn't even call it out in chat But that point's already too flat You got Lee dropped off earlier You know the Chinese EV company's been taking a hit Neo, XPIV, Lee all down big today G3, LU I'll tell you that's pretty much it folks I mean TSLL dropped off pretty nicely earlier today So obviously Tesla stock down quite a bit right now Let's see the markets are popping I'm actually just blasting a new high right now, the spy So I don't know if there's any news that just came out recently right now Just before I jumped on I'm actually just checking for my cell phone here Believe it or not Really quick So yeah, there was no news from like the economic calendar Or reports heading out into this week There was something that came out at 12pm Fed Speaker or Fed President Tom Harper speaks That's it But obviously something had to have happened The ceiling just got blown right through on spy So pretty interesting Tesla down big right now Maybe that can lead to a dead cap bounce So with that said I can maybe slip both like Tesla and TSLL here I'd focus more on the TSLL If you're going to look for that dead cap bounce That squeeze up heading into the afternoon This is cheap It's got a good order book too It's an ETF though It's just that this really follows Tesla It's a single stock ETF So I'll tell you We got a really good watch list at this point I told you we didn't really need to build up a big watch list But I think that we're kind of maxing out at this stage We got two, four, six, eight Technically got 10 stocks on there We got nine as like a day trade That SMCI from Fausto as a swing trade there MSDR also So last call Let me know if there's anything else folks Just before we finish up Check out Benzinga Pro quickly here I'll show you that Let's see All right What else we got here Let's see from Benzinga Pro Nothing really sticking out on my five minute scanner One minute scanner not really much happening there So I'll tell you I think that we're going to call it I like what we got here from the meantime Michael's saying CLSK up 50 cents There we go So let me ask Did anyone jump in on that trade with Brian from 16? I was just mentioning that like as I started the meeting So you know we made the call out really right before the meeting started That's like directly in chat I said if it breaks under 16 be careful of a complete break So it broke under but thankfully Move back up It afforded the chance of a break over And from there Right Just reposting a couple things in the chat right now For our students like Kathleen and John right there You know kind of namely saying I was short on CLSK Down to 16 for support So you know decent trade there Decent trade on coin and you know Mara too The other crypto stocks we're going to put on there All right folks. Hey really quick traders talk we got tomorrow That's our weekly workshop So we'll be hosting that simulcast inside our live trading room That can get the full rendition there And also though just you know on social media on YouTube So feel free to join us there as well But if you want to get the full rendition Just scan that QR code on the top left of the stream Just if you're joining us on YouTube right now If you have any questions on top You'd want to send over for our workshop It's a Q&A edition We do every Tuesday morning at 11 o'clock Eastern Feel free to shoot me over a quick email folks Josh at ctutrading.com That's my email address I wrote that earlier to Luis and Joe and Jeff And all of our students there But if you're on if you're on social media too You know YouTube as well Josh at ctutrading.com is my email Any questions that you got for me there Definitely let me know All right folks But otherwise I'll look forward to seeing all of our students there You know any of our you know Gold students diamond and platinum students of ctu Joining us in the phase two stock course Coming up later today Lita, Michael, Phil And a lot of us just joining us there Actually coming up I look forward to seeing you all Take care


Happy 2019 everyone. Thank you so much for such a wonderful 2018. You guys have been amazing. This channel has grown. You've been a big part of that, making this what it is today. The goal is to make 2019 even bigger and better. First I want to announce, we're pleased to announce that next week episode start up again of Art of One Dojo and also we've been getting a lot of requests for more Origin videos so we will be releasing within the next few weeks the history of Kyokushin. That's one of our most requested topics so be on the lookout for that. We're also going to be trying one of YouTube's new features called the YouTube premiere which is a kind of a live broadcast of new episodes so be sure to subscribe and like this video and also click that bell icon. If you subscribe, click the notification icon. That way when we release the announcements and when the premiere feature starts approaching you will get notifications of when that's coming up so please be sure to put that on so you get up-to-date notifications. Thank you so much again. Let's make this an amazing year.


Okay, I've been working like three jobs, probably why I never see ya, probably why I never have time for the fake friends I won't be ya. Oh god, I've been running now. Oh, yeah. All right guys. Welcome back. Welcome back to another video. We're gonna sit over here today. I think unless the lighting's too terrible In which case we'll sit over here.  Okay guys How are we? And welcome back to another video today. It's Wednesday. That's effectively my 10th day here Since enrolling at Tiger Muay Thai Today I'm coming to you with the title of the video Mission Accomplished and I guess today is a very proud moment actually believe it or not but also a very scary moment and miss the mission that we've accomplished guys on The 10th day of being here is I've been told That tomorrow I should not turn up to the beginner class. I should instead go to the intermediate class and You know being being the sort of anxious person that I am at heart instantly I I began worrying I began getting anxious But at the end of the day you've got to trust the coaches and the coaches basically said don't come back to this class man you've got enough power Your technique is getting there and I feel like You're gonna, you know improve more if you go to this intermediate class now They didn't say it in those particular words because the English is not that good But that's how I got it. So as of tomorrow morning, I think I'm gonna go to the intermediate class, but I I'm not sure man. I'm not sure what I did is actually sat down and watched half of an intermediate class and everything they were doing is You know, it's intermediate. It's you know that you know all the punches you know the kicks and the knees You know the technique.  It's gonna be a massive a Massive challenge for me to for me to turn up there and and be confident You know, you've got to be confident. You've got to be confident yourself And that's something I wanted to get out of this trip. You know to me And it's something that's coming along slowly. So I am getting what I wanted out of it now Let me just run through before I do go to an intermediate class I want to run through once and for all what what a beginner class is actually like some of you guys are probably wondering It's it's an hour and 50 minutes usually they usually finish about 10 15 Five or 10 minutes before the two-hour mark just so that the next people can sort of start getting ready and And all that but basically it's it's 15 minutes 15 solid minutes of running Jogging around the mat the outside of the mat everyone jogs around then they'll they'll clap their hands and they'll for a minute They'll go, you know side-to-side for a minute. They'll do a sort of a Great vine thing with your legs another minute Hands up in the air another minute just one two while you're running another minute uppercuts and Basically, you know 15 minutes worth of cardio the first five minutes always just running and then they'll they'll add in Those those different things so by the end of that you've got a good sweater No doubt in the world at least I do Following that we come in and do a few stretches for about five ten minutes and then we get into lines and we practice One two three four five six Left knee Left elbow right elbow Left knee right knee left kick right kick front kick with the left front kick with the right Backspinning elbow backspinning fists and then following that Which is pretty hard. I mean they go one one one two one two Left uppercut right uppercut like it's that pace for a good 10 15 minutes And that's you know with these 16 16 ounce gloves Your shoulders are the thing that actually gets sore in that so 15 minutes warm-up five ten minutes stretching at least 15 minutes worth of you know Technique and then that brings us to about 45 minutes through the session already Following that we get into partners and we they show us something that we are going to work on Whether it be boxing skills whether it be Muay Thai skills whether it be blocking skills whether it be clinching skills and basically you'll have You know three two-minute rounds with a partner just going back and forth with a certain skill in between those you'll get 10 Put you have to do 10 push-ups and you have a little drink of water So that would be another 10 minutes or 15 minutes. I'd say and that probably brings you to the hour mark following that we then go into One-on-one with the trainer, but if there's too many people Half of the class will do bag work and half the class will be with the trainer now We do three three minute rounds with a minute or two in between in between at the end of each round You'll do 10 push-ups.   You feel like people are watching you but at the end of the day It's it's it's cool man because personally I get zoned in especially when I'm with a trainer one-on-one I am looking at that trainer. I am not looking at anyone else. I'm not thinking about anyone else I'm putting my 110% effort into that you know that that trainer because I know that they're putting their hundred percent effort into me Or at least most of the time they are unless they're looking at girls Which I do tend to do sometimes too so I can't blame them, but anyways so We do three rounds on the bag Which is you know three to five minutes per per round including the break and everything so that's another 15 minutes That's an hour and 15 for the next 15. We'll do that. We'll swap over and do it with the trainer Recently I've been doing bag first and then train afterwards So that's another half an hour and that brings us to an hour and a half through the session Following that we'll have a nice break and then we'll come together again and getting to partners for a bit of sparring Whether it's clinching sparring whether it's boxing sparring usually it's a little bit of sparring to do with Whatever technique they showed us and whatever thing we did in partners so Today was boxing sparring sparring is a word that I've always wanted to test myself with I've always wanted to do sparring But it's scary It's scary and today for example I went in there thinking I'm gonna I'm just gonna try and work on my defense I'm gonna try and work on my movement. I'm not gonna go in with big combos or anything like that I'm just gonna work with my movement and sort of try and stay away from from from You know anyone punches And then possibly you know come in with a counter or try and slip and and and hit them in the midsection to be honest today, I Got a couple of nice upper up upper cuts to my chin, which I don't like I don't like the feeling but it is what it is and you know that sparring was probably at 20 30 percent So imagine what full 100 percent intensity sparring would be like I mean that's some scary shit And you've got to be confident yourself, but that's that's working your way out You know beginner intermediate advanced and then there's a level above advanced and that's fighter that's pro fighter, so After the little bit of sparring or whatever they want to do we will come back down to the mat and you know do either a finisher together which is Possibly getting in the line and doing squats together at one time or getting in a line doing sit-ups together Maybe you know 50 possibly getting in partners that locking your your feet together and doing 50 your plank for maybe a minute Two minutes something some sort of finisher and then a little bit of stretching at the end and then Cup and cup We're done So that that is a bit of an outline of a beginner class if I never set foot on one again But never step foot on one again That's what they like Before I go and forget all that and go to the intermediate class. I'm too scared to honestly.  It really is and And you know, there's been mornings where I think oh, you know, I'm not feeling it this morning But you've just got to get down there. You just got to get there Start running around like I said and and after five minutes you've got a sweat up and it's like well I'm not leaving now So mission accomplished mission accomplished man. I have been a little homesick at times You know what I mean? I have met a couple of people. They you know, we'll go down and have a Protein shake of something like a coffee after training, but it's it's all it's all small talk for me so far and That's the kind of guy I am and I'm really I'm really quite reserved and in You know with meeting new people and I think I keep on going back to thinking, you know Wherever I'm living permanently after this. I'm gonna join a club. Obviously martial arts Academy or a boxing Academy, whichever one I want to do and I like the thought of you know coming together three times a week or whatever in your hometown Everyone lives there. There's not gonna be new people every session You're gonna really get to know your your training partners and your teammates and that's the real vibe that I want to go for You know, this is great, but there are always new people people always coming and going and with me You know being quite reserved not really opening myself up to to people unless I know that they sort of live in the same town Or whatever that's my fault.  I could tell and I was like Apologizing but then at the end of it. I was like man.  I'm in a beginner class This guy shouldn't be getting frustrated And then I tried to apologize. I tried to actually talk to him afterwards just to make friends with him He goes English. No But He was a Dagestani fighter, I believe he looked like one anyway Guys, that's it for today mission accomplished. It's day number 10 My mission was accomplished after a total of seven Muay thai sessions. I went Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday last week I had Saturday Sunday Monday off and now I've gone Tuesday Wednesday So that's seven sessions 14 hours total and they've told me I can go to the admiral's class now I don't know if they if if you know, everyone should be expecting that to happen But I'm pretty pleased and pretty proud of myself at the end of the day. We'll have to see man We have to see I'm gonna continue doing my one-on-one sessions with Ali I'm so glad I met him on the first day I really am because he seems to be the most person of all he seems to he seems to like me I don't know if you you know likes a lot Everoni meets, but he seems to like me and we get along well and I'm about to do my second one-on-one session. I will be filming that and I'll be doing it with Ali So you can expect to see that in the next video We're gonna be doing that tomorrow. I might actually skip the morning session just so I've got enough energy to do that but You know probably not because I'll wake up at seven. I'll be like what else am I gonna do? I better go down to training and that's the vibe here man. It's like what else are you gonna do?  You're here you know Make the most of it and that's what I'm doing.  I don't have a computer with me. I got nothing so My memory cards are actually filling up I'm gonna have to use someone's computer and put The footage from my memory cards onto my hard drive which I've got with me clear these memory cards once again Charge my batteries and and Bob's your uncle so Guys as you probably tell them. I'm actually quite pumped. It was a good session today. Good sweat and Well with that being said have a fantastic day wherever you are in the world if you're thinking about coming to Tiger Muay Thai and my my videos have helped or you know that I Feel like I gave a really, you know, pretty good breakdown of a beginner class And I would have been really keen to hear that before coming here. So I hope this has helped someone out there I hope you guys are having a great time in life. If you're not there's always a way to change it Step by step guys. Nothing happens overnight. I had to take multiple steps to even get here to be able to do this. I Haven't talked about that the life Life is a roller coaster. Just get decided.  Anyways final verdict Mission accomplished stoked I'll see you in the next one. Have a great day, everybody. Peace out from Phuket, Thailand


Hi friends, welcome back to my channel and a very special welcome if you're new here. My name is Jen. I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach. I'm on Weight Watchers and I count calories and macros. Happy Monday. It is Monday. It's the week of Thanksgiving. So meal prep is even more important for me this week to stay on track. I have an amazing breakfast, lunch and dessert. A Thanksgiving inspired dessert would be perfect to make for the holiday.  Make sure you're subscribed and your bell notification is turned on because I do a meal prep every Monday and I upload five videos every single week. Down in the description box, I will link nutrition coaching. I do offer personalized to you macros and calories. I cannot recommend this enough. This is how I've lost over 130 pounds and I have one-on-one coaching if you would like to chat with me directly. Links, discounts to my favorite things as well as my Facebook group. Come on over, join us there or all down in that description box. So let's start cooking. I can't wait for this week's recipes. I'm making a biscuits and gravy casserole. This is a super simple recipe and it is absolutely incredible. I mean, the best in my opinion, biscuits and gravy recipe out there. So let me show you what you'll need. So you're going to need some milk. I always try to use Fairlife milk because it has protein in it. So it really just helps up the protein. You'll also need some light butter. Like I mentioned in my grocery haul, they did not have any of the small cans of biscuits at Walmart. Generally, you would need two of the small cans. So I picked up the jumbo biscuits and I'm just going to do one can. I figure this is pretty much the same as two small cans. You're also going to need all-purpose flour, salt, pepper and garlic powder and obviously sausage. So like I also mentioned in my grocery haul, I picked up this chicken sausage from Trader Joe's. I could not find a turkey sausage crumbles anywhere or a tube of turkey sausage, only pork sausage. So what I'm going to do is just remove the casing and use the actual sausage of these chicken sausages from Trader Joe's. These are delicious as well. So I went ahead and removed all the sausage from the casing and we're going to go ahead and brown that up. And then I'm going to cut my jumbo biscuits into eight pieces per biscuit. I went ahead and sprayed my nine by 13 baking dish with non-stick cooking spray. I'm going to put half of my cut up biscuit pieces into the bottom of my baking dish and I'm going to pop this into a 400 degree oven for about 10 minutes. In a small bowl, I've added four tablespoons of flour.  I have my cooked sausage and I'm going to sprinkle my flour mixture right on top. Stir that all together until the flour mixture is fully absorbed into the sausage. I added three cups of my Fair Life milk to my sausage. I have this over medium heat.  That's going to help thicken up the milk making our gravy. So I just pulled the biscuits out of the oven. My gravy is nice and thick. So we're going to pour that right over the top of the biscuits. Spread that out nice and even. And then we're going to top it with the rest of the biscuit pieces. And then I have a couple tablespoons of light melted butter and I'm just going to drizzle that right on top. That will help those biscuits brown really nicely. Plus add that kind of buttery vibe. Like what you would get if you buttered a biscuit at a restaurant, it's going to give it that same buttery feeling. It's going to go back in the oven for about another 15 to 20 minutes or until our biscuits are golden brown. Amazing looking biscuits and gravy at casserole is out of the oven. This looks so good. Look at how crispy and buttery those biscuits are. You can see that it's all nice and bubbly on the side. So this is going to be breakfast this week. I'll pair it with some fruit. I'll go ahead and pop points, calories, macros here on the screen for you. For lunch this week I'm making cheesy buffalo chicken pasta. This sounds amazing. I've been craving buffalo something. You know I don't love spicy but I'm going to use a mild sauce and that's really going to tame down the spice but still give me all of the flavor. And this is a slow cooker recipe. So super easy to throw in the crock-pop before you head out the door to work. It'll just make your life a lot easier on busy weeknights and weekends. So let me show you what's in the recipe. First you're going to need some vegetable broth, buffalo sauce, ranch, seasoning, salt and pepper. I will as always link my gravity-fed salt and pepper grinders down below for you. They are super affordable on Amazon and they are amazing. You're going to need some pasta. And of course I'm going to use fiber gourmet pasta. This is my all-time favorite. I love the taste, the texture of this. It is 48% less calories than traditional pasta. So it's only 110 versus 210, 220. There's 24 grams of fiber, 17 net carbs and about seven grams of protein per serving. It is non-GMO, it is vegan. I love this. It's a great way to eat pasta for less calories and points. So I'm going to use an entire box of the Spaghetti Fiber Gourmet. I will link this down below on Netrician's website. They have the best price and the most selection. They make multiple shapes, the spaghetti, penne, rotini and elbow macaroni. So I'll link Netrician down below for you. You're also going to need some light shredded cheese, cornstarch, garlic powder. The recipe calls for celery salt. I don't have any but that may be a nice addition to the dish. Eight ounces of light cream cheese and some chicken breast. I went ahead and added a crock pot liner to my slow cooker. It is much easier for cleanup. I'm going to put my chicken in the bottom of my crock pot. I do have some pre-cooked, pre-shredded chicken from sprouts in my fridge that I need to use up. I'm going to add that in at the end. So you would want about double this amount of raw chicken, about a pound and a half. But because I'm going to add in the pre-cooked, pre-shredded so I can use it up kind of towards the end, I'm going with a smaller amount of chicken initially. And then I'm going to add in three cups of broth. I'm using vegetable broth, you could use chicken broth. I picked veggie because I had it on hand. Also going to add one quarter cup of buffalo sauce. All of our seasoning, so salt and pepper, garlic powder and a tablespoon of ranch seasoning. You would also add in the celery salt at this stage as well. We're going to top it with our one third less fat cream cheese and we're using the entire package for the full eight ounces. And lastly, one cup of light shredded cheese. Now you have the option to cook this on high for four hours or low for eight. I'm going to start mine on high for the four hours. So hopefully it's done by the time I'm finished with the rest of my meal prep. So it's been four hours. I'm going to go ahead and remove the lid from my crock pot. And then taking a couple of forks, I'm just going to shred up the chicken that is in the crock pot. And then I'm going to add in that chicken I mentioned in the beginning that I had in my fridge from sprouts. Again, I just wanted to use this up so there was no need to cook fresh chicken when I had that in the refrigerator. I'm going to add the remaining quarter cup of buffalo sauce and stir everything up. Just make sure all your chicken is coated. So I added a tablespoon of cornstarch to a bowl, a little bit of water. Stir that together to make a slurry and then we're going to add that to the crock pot. That's going to help thicken up the sauce. Give it another quick stir. Now we're going to add in the pasta. You're probably going to have to break your noodles in half if you're using spaghetti noodles just because they might be a bit too long for the crock pot. Make sure your noodles get under the liquid and then we're going to turn our crock pot back on too high for about another hour or until our noodles are cooked through.  One hour later. So the pasta is done. Our noodles are nice and soft. It's thickened up. I will tell you that it smells absolutely incredible. I'm going to add it to a storage container, a big glass bowl with a lid, pop it in the fridge and this is going to be my lunch all week. There's a good possibility I'll have some cucumbers or some other type of fruit or veggie with it but cheesy buffalo chicken pasta for the win. For dessert this week and like I said, this would make an amazing dessert to have for Thanksgiving. We're going to make a pumpkin bar with brown sugar frosting. You know those really fluffy pumpkin bars with all the frosting. We're going to make one WW calorie friendly. So let me show you what's in the recipe. First you're going to need all purpose flour, light butter, brown sugar alternative. You already know I'm using Lakonto. That is what I use for all of my sugar substitutes. This is the Lakonto golden. I will link Lakonto down in the description box for you with 15% off site wide. You'll also need vanilla extract, a powdered sugar alternative. This is the Lakonto powdered. Salt, pumpkin puree, baking soda, eggs, pumpkin pie spice and some cinnamon. In a large bowl we're going to add one and a half cups all purpose flour, our pumpkin pie spice, salt and a quarter teaspoon of baking soda. Stir that up to mix. To the flour mixture we're adding four ounces of light butter melted, two thirds cup of Lakonto golden, vanilla extract and one cup of pumpkin puree. Stir that together until fully mixed. You're going to spray your baking dish. You could do six by six, seven by seven, eight by eight and then we're going to add our pumpkin bar mixture. We want to spread that out as even as possible in the bottom of the baking dish. We're putting our bars into a 350 degree oven for about 25 minutes or until a toothpick inserted comes out clean. We want to keep our eye on this. We definitely don't want to overcook it. Pumpkin bars are in the oven. We're going to make up our frosting. So I have one cup of light butter at room temperature. I'm going to add one quarter cup of the Lakonto golden and then using my handheld mixer I'm going to cream these together. We're then going to add in some cinnamon and some salt and then little by little I'm adding in my Lakonto powdered. I have one and a half cups total. Using my mixer I'm going to mix that in until I have a frosting like consistency. Add half of a teaspoon of vanilla extract and mix again. If needed you can add milk for the desired consistency but mine actually looks pretty good. So here's my frosting. This looks perfect consistency. So I'm just going to set this aside until our bars are out of the oven and cooled. Our pumpkin bars are cooled. I'm going to go ahead and add the frosting. Allow that to kind of drip down along the sides of the pumpkin bars and here are the pumpkin bars. These look so good. I'm going to toss these in the refrigerator or help the frosting set just a little bit more. We'll slice them into bars and like I said this would be great to take two Thanksgiving celebrations. So I'll go ahead and put serving size, points, calories, all the information here on the screen for you. Thank you for joining me for this week's meal prep. I hope you are as excited about these three recipes as I am. As always all three recipes are on my website. My website is linked at the top of the description box for you along with nutrition coaching, links and discounts to my favorite things and my Facebook group. Don't forget to head on over and join us there. Happy Thanksgiving friends. I hope you make all of these meals for you and your family and I'll see you all in my next video. Bye.


Patty. Mr. President, the Moscow hotline is operating and allegedly Kasekan is at the other end and wants to know if you're in the room in which the receiving apparatus is located. Now we have a receiving station over here in the Pentagon and you also have a hookup over in the situation room in the White House. My inclination is to say that you, to reply that you can be in the room if he wishes you there within a few minutes. Here is what has come in. Dear Mr. President, having received information concerning the military action between Israel and UAR, the Soviet government has convinced the responsibility of all the great powers is to attempt to end the military conflict immediately. Is that any question? Are you in the room? Yes. I'd say that we can say be there soon. I'd say ten minutes. All right. I'll do that. And what do you think they want to do then? I don't know. I don't know. From this, I think they would want you to indicate that you agree the responsibility of all the great powers. We've done that in our message to them, haven't we? We did it before it started. No, no. We sent a message to Russ Gromyko this morning. Oh, well, I haven't seen that. Do you think that you all ought to be there when we do that? Or do you think it should be, are the facilities equal here in the White House? I think it would be better to be over there. I'll be over there in 15 minutes. Tell them we'll be there in 15 minutes. I'll get in touch with Dean and have him there. That's good. 15 to 20 minutes. All right. 20 will set.


Alright, coffee is known for its incredible health benefits all around the world and it's something I drink every single day. First of all, coffee drinkers around the world have some of the longest health spans and life spans and have some of the best brain health and it's all because of the polyphenol content in coffee. Now I don't have to hopefully tell you about polyphenols but polyphenols are these amazing plant compounds that have two really important effects. Number one, we've recently learned in the last few years that our gut bacteria, our microbiome, loves to eat polyphenols. So polyphenols are a prebiotic that feeds friendly bacteria. Number two, we have known for some time that polyphenols by themselves are very poorly absorbed. Now long ago it was felt that polyphenols are antioxidant, in fact that is not true. But polyphenols are our mitochondrial uncouplers. An uncoupling mitochondria actually protects mitochondria from damage, number one. And number two stimulates mitochondria to make more mitochondria, which is called mitogenesis. And actually number three allows mitochondria to waste energy to do a caloric bypass. So study after study shows that coffee consumption actually improves microbiome diversity, it actually makes more and more different bacteria in your gut. And it's because of the richness of the polyphenols. So it's an impressive and easy way to give your microbiome foods that they need. Now once you have the microbiome eating the polyphenols, then they manufacture compounds from those polyphenols that you can absorb. And when you absorb those compounds, they go to work in uncoupling your mitochondria. Study after study of people who drink coffee, particularly really polyphenol rich coffee, they have much better brain health. Why? Because the polyphenols actually help uncouple the neurons in your brain keeping them healthy. Now fun fact, which really is strange, the lighter the roast of the coffee, the more polyphenols are present. The darker the roast of coffee, the less polyphenols are present. Even though it tastes stronger and richer, the darker the roast, the more the polyphenols are destroyed. So easy thing to remember, roast your coffee either light or medium if you want polyphenols. Stay away from the dark roast. That's actually damaging the polyphenol. The other thing that's remarkable that you'll learn in my upcoming book, Gut Check, is that the longer the coffee grounds are exposed to the water, the more polyphenols are extracted. So strangely enough, boiled coffee, like Greek or Turkish coffee, has a much higher polyphenol content than other forms of brewing coffee. Now I'm not saying to go out and boil your coffee all day. But we have to learn from these super healthy, long-lived cultures that perhaps they're on to something and they were on to something because the polyphenol content was increased the longer the grounds were in contact with the water. Fun fact. Now, coffee can actually raise your catecholamines.  Well in fact, catecholamines are a very important part of our communication system, hormonal system to make your heart and your brain actually work better. Now when I need to get the most heart function out of a patient with a lousy heart, believe it or not, I give them intravenous forms of catecholamines. And sure enough, study after study, including some of my studies, show that these dramatically improve heart function. So why wouldn't I want to give my heart a nice boost of function particularly early in the morning or when I need some get up and go? Now a lot of people say, yeah, yeah, yeah, but coffee increases your cortisol levels and cortisol is really bad for you and cortisol makes you gain weight. I'm sorry that is one of the greatest inner myths out there. There is no relationship with cortisol and weight gain. Yes, there is relationship between giving someone cortisol, hydrocortisone as a drug and weight gain, but that has nothing to do with endogenous cortisol production. And the amount that you get from a cup of coffee will do nothing to promote weight gain. Now, it is true that drinking unfiltered coffee in general will raise your LDL.  And that for the most part is true. Now it turns out that a paper filter will absorb some of the oils in coffee that actually raise LDL. So if you're really concerned about LDL, then use a paper filter. And please don't use a white paper filter, use an unbleached one. But one of the great myths of heart disease that I've been fighting against for 40 years now is that LDL, per se, contributes to the development of heart disease. Now if you like the cholesterol theory of heart disease, and it is a theory, and I don't particularly like it, but if you like it and that's okay, then LDL has to be oxidized. It has to be rusty or rancid. It has to be activated to produce plaque. If it's not oxidized, I'm sorry, it's not going to contribute to plaque formation. Now it turns out, and I've published this, the more polyphenols you have in your system, including from coffee, the less your LDL oxidizes, and the less sticky your blood vessels are. And you've got to have sticky blood vessels to have LDL, which would be activated, stick to your blood vessels. So if you don't have sticky blood vessels from eating or drinking lots of polyphenols, then you don't have to worry about that LDL. So we don't need to focus on our LDL. We need to focus on not oxidizing our LDL, and that's exactly what coffee consumption does. Now one note I will make, don't have your coffee after dinner, even decaf. In some parts of the world this is very common, but it can not only lead to stomach problems, but coffee, even decaf coffee, will relax what's called the lower esophageal sphincter. It's a trap door between your swallowing tube and your stomach. And coffee, and believe it or not chocolate, relaxes that sphincter.  Now the good news is, if you follow my advice and don't eat, finish eating three hours before you go to bed, then that point is moot. But most people have that late night dinner, late night coffee, even decaf, and maybe a piece of chocolate, and they're suffering for several hours after the night. Now it's true in many people that coffee consumption does temporarily raise blood sugar. The good news is, you can add cinnamon to your coffee, like the Viennese, like Viennese coffee, or add allulose. Allulose as you know is a non-nutritive sweetener, which feeds friendly bacteria and lowers blood sugar. So I use allulose in my coffee and I'm not doing it to make it sweet. I'm doing it to blood the sugar effect and feed my gut bacteria. Last but certainly not least, please, please, please do not add cream or real sugar to your coffee or milk for that matter. You will cancel out all the amazing benefits of what we've just talked about. You do not want to add milk to your coffee. If you have to do it, take a tip from the Italians who make a little foam and have a espresso macchiato with just a little topping of foam rather than having a latte or even a cappuccino. And please, please, please don't have one of these flavored coffee drinks thinking you're going to get any benefit from the coffee. You're going to get a four or five hundred calorie sugar bomb that will have absolutely no benefit from what you think you're getting. So if you really want to have it sweet and creamy, use unsweetened coconut milk, or many of the MCT creamers that are available out there. They'll be perfectly fine. You'll get the creaminess and the texture you want, but you'll get the benefits that you want from coffee. So enjoy your coffee, just enjoy it the right way, and you're going to have some amazing health benefits that the world has known about since coffee was discovered. Four amazing episodes just like this one. Watch now. The teacum is loaded with folate, iron, and magnesium and potassium. Magnesium and potassium are two of the vitamins that most people are really profoundly deficient in.