Hi, I'm going to speak about the common clock framework and especially how to use it. So first, let's introduce myself. I'm Gregory Clements. I'm working at FreeElection when we do development on embedded Linux and we also give training on the same subject. I'm contributing to Kenneth's support to the new Armada 370 and Armada XP and Armsock from Marvel and I'm a commentator of the MDBU sub-architecture, MDBU stands for Marvel Embedded Business Unit and I'm living near Lyon in France. So what we are going to see is what the common clock framework is. So we are just focused on which on this tree rod. We are going to speak about the implementation of the common clock framework and see some examples of it. Then how to add your own clocks, how to deal with the device tree and finally a view of how the device uses the common clock framework. So clocks, most of the electronic chip are driven by clocks, so most of the time if you don't have a clock on a chip, it just don't work and usually the clocks of the peripherals of a sock or an album of a broad are organized in a tree. So why controlling a clock is useful is first for power management because the clock frequency is a parameter of the dynamic power consumption and it's also useful for time reference to compute both rate or pixel clock if you want to either you want to directly cut off the clock and so lower the just stop the power and dynamic power consumption or you just want to be able to set the rate or get the rate to do your computation. Then the framework, so the clock framework is available for many years when I do some research on it, my research ends it at 2.6.12 kernel because it came from the pre-story of the git. So it offers a simple API with clock get, clock enable and so on. It's very nice but it adds several drawbacks and the limitation. First each machine class has its own implementation of this API. So at the point there was more than 30 implementation of this clock framework. So it doesn't allow clock sharing. That means that the bug are duplicated or each mentor can add his own bug. And also it doesn't work for a multi-platform kernel because as you have a multiple definition of the same symbol you can't make cobitate to a different sock for the clock framework. So that's why we can with a common clock framework, it started now three years ago by the introduction of the common truth clock by Jeremy Kerr and it ended last year by the merge of the common clock framework as we know it in kernel 3.4 by Mike Chouquette. It implements the clock framework API. It provides some basic clocks driver and it also makes possible to implement your own custom clock driver. It allows also to declare the available clocks and the association using the device 3 so it's preferred way but you can also still use the source code directly. It's the whole method can be still used for legacy reason. It also provides a debug effect representation and it is now implements is a driver clock CLK directory rather than in the arch directory. So here the diagram of the common clock framework is the same as the one you will see in the Thomas presentation at the end of the day. So we have the clock framework which exposes the clock framework API and which is used by the device driver. This clock framework gets all the information, usually gets information about the different clock driver and their resource from the device 3. It also exposes the different clock to the device 3 and it will be used directly by the device driver and it uses the different clock driver to access to the hardware. So we have the five basic clock driver provided by the common clock framework and you can add your own clock driver for specific needs. The entire fast of the common clock framework is composed of two halves. First the core of the clock framework. Here you have the common definition of a strict CLK. You will find this declaration in CLK.h and it is defined in CLK.c. You have the clock's up struct which is where all the operations are described and usually you are not supposed to modify this part of the common clock framework if you just want to add your clock driver. Then you have the hardware specific part. So here there are the callbacks you register with the strict clubs. You will implement your specific part here and it will correspond to your own strict. So let's call it a clock foo. And this part has to be written for each new type of hardware clock. These two halves are t together by the strict clock hw which is defined in your own struct. Let's call it clock foo and it is pointing with the strict clock variable. So now we are going to see the implementation of the common clock framework core. So here mainly this part and the clock framework core will implement all this IPI. So it is taking care of maintaining the clock tree. That means it is mainly taking care of updating the parent of a clock, the children of a clock. If you add a parent in this part that will take care of it, it will take care of propagating the provision. So if you change the rate of a clock, it will take care of changing the rate of the children. If you disable a clock, if you take care of checking if you have to disable the children clock and so on. It will also take care of the concurrency prevention. So it will use global spin lock for clock disabled operation and for all other operation, it will use global new text. And finally it also provides notification on alert so you can, a driver can register a callback and being notified where for example the rate of the clock is changed. And so the main purpose for this is for the debate phase. So here a view of the true clock. So we have the name of the clock, the operation of the clock, a pointer to the clock address and then all of this is related to the clock tree. So the parent name, the pointer to the parents and the list of the children and so on. So we have parts within the clock itself and the operation and those are parts that will be used for the clock tree. So now let's see some code to understand how it works and to have an example of how it is implemented. So the best example I think is the clock set rate. So clock set rate is directly called by the driver. And when a driver calls the clock set rate, the common clock framework will first take care of the racing condition so it will use the global new text. Here it just checks that you have to change the rate or not. Here we have a special case. It's when you have an hardware clock, when you can't change the rate of this clock if it's running. So when you register your clock and you have a setting this flag, then you exit in error because you can't change the rate because the clock is running. If everything is okay, then you are trying to get the topmost change clock. That means that if you change the clock, then maybe depending of the dependency of the parent, the clock children, you have to change another clock. So mainly you are going to walk through the clock tree to find the topmost one. If everything is okay, then you start to notify all the clock trees that you are going to do the change itself. And if everything is okay here, then with this function you will actually change the rate of the clock itself using the clock hardware operation. And if it failed before exiting, you propagate the fact that there was a problem to keep some currency in the clock tree. And once everything is finished, you release the lock. So now we are going to see more in this part. We are going to see the implementation of the hardware clock itself. So it's really the parts that you are going to modify when you register your own clock. So it's mainly all this part. And you will have the choice either to implement your own clock or reuse the basic clock provided by the common clock framework. So it relies on ops and Azure pointer. So here the hardware part is this part of the clock structure, so it's the hardware part of the clock structure. Then you don't have to implement all the operation depending of the clock type you have. You can just implement some part of it. We are going to see just after. And once you have created the set of operation you need, you register it with clock register and then it will create your clock. So here's another view of all the clock operation you can do. And just here, depending of the clock capability you have, in this matrix you can see what you have to, what set of operation you have to implement. So in the case of gate clock, you just have to implement the enable, disable, and it is enable set of operation and all the other are not necessary for a clock that can change its rate. This time you have to implement this set of operation. And then if you have a clock with a signal parent set, then you don't have to implement this one. Same for a root clock, of course. And in the case of the multiplexer clock, then this time that makes sense to implement this one. Now we are going to see each one of this set of operation and see what we expect of them. So first, it's making the clock available. The API is split in two pairs. First is prepare and prepare. So it's, this one may slip and so it must not be called in an automatic context. You, it can be useful to use it. And for example, you can only control your clock through I2C, for example. So in this case, you might want to slip. And then you have the enable, disable. This one are really called to indicate the clock. This one can't slip and so it can be called in an atomic context. So most of the time, you can just implement one of these those. It will really depend of, of your hardware and of, if you need or if you want to be able to call it in atomic context. And you can also implement both. And so you can, as the name, prepare all the things before actually enable it. And the last one is enable. This one is to create, to create the hardware because usually once you just to, to see if a clock is enabled or not, you just have to see the flag. But this function is to go to see it directly in the hardware. The other set of creation is about managing the rate. So run rate returns the closest rate that your clock can actually support. So is it called directly by the API clock run rate? Or it also used when you do a clock set rate during the propagation of your new rate. This function is called by the core of the common clock framework. And set rate is actually change the rate. So it is obviously called when you do a clock set rate or also when there is a propagation of the rate on the clock tree. And finally, recalc rate. It is, this one is not, is never directly called by a device driver, but it is used internally when the core of the common clock framework wants to update the clock tree. Now when you have a multiplexer, in this case you want to deal with the parent of your clock. So get parent, in fact, is, will directly address the hardware to see, to find the parent. And it's only used when a clock are statically initialized. And clock get parent, don't use this one, but just reaching the clock parent internal strict. Clock set parent, this one is called when you do a clock set parent, and it will, how it works, the prototype of this function will receive an index of either the dot parent name or the dot parent's array. And in the clock set parent function which is implemented is a clock common framework. And in this function, you, the clock which is received as parameter will be translate is an index which can be used by the function set parent. Now we are going to see the five base clock which are provided by the clock framework. So the first one is a fixed rate, it's by definition is always running and always provide the same rate. Then you have the gate, the gate clock, it has the same rate as its parent and it can only be gate or un gate. The mix just allow to select the parent between an index of parent she received and as the other it get his rate from his parent. The fixed factor divide and multiply the parent rate by a constant and it can get or un gate. And the divider divide the parent's rate and it receive a parameter array of divider. So in fact, most of the clock you will find on the stock or on the board can be registered using one of these base clock or at least for more complex other clock. You just have to split it in base clock. So for example, if you have a clock, a gate clock, a simple gate clock, then you have to split it into clock, fixed rate clock which will be a parent of gate clock. So that means that even for pretty simple clock, now you're supposed to declare one, two or three clock and some of them are not real clock. That's why there was a new tip which has been submitted recently which is clock a composite and this new type will allow to aggregate the functionality of the basic clock tip but will present only one clock. It's still under review but it should be accepted soon. The last operation we can see is about static initialization. There's still a big paragraph of the documentation about it and you can still find some code about it. So it has been put in place to ease the migration of the component clocks to the common clock framework because when the common clock frameworks was merged in the kernel, there was already a lot of socks which used the clock framework API, not the common one. And so they already have 100 clock statically defined so this API was just as to make possible to reuse all this statically defined clock and directly convert them in the common clock framework. So for new driver, for new sock, you are not supposed to use the clock in it and not supposed to include a clock pre-rate but it's still possible, even it's not recommended, to use static initialization but in this case, you must use clock register and you just have to use clock in data object and bundle them in the clock hardware structure and register them directly. So we have seen the core of the common clock framework. We have seen the implementation of them and now we are going to see the device tree and the device tree will be used for two things. The first thing which is pretty common for most of the drivers is just to get the resources for the driver. So for each one of these clocks, we will get the resources and the parameter from the device tree but it will be also used to expose the clock and that will be used by the device driver. So first, the device tree is still the preferred way to declare the clock and to get its resources. Something with common from most of the device of the driver when you want to register your driver using the device tree, you part the device tree, you set up your clock driver getting the properties and the resources. So what you do, you create an array of Shrugged device ID to match the compatible clock your driver will take care of and then you associated data and set up functions with them. So here is an example. So in DTSI, we have the name of the clock, the compatible string, here is just a fixed clock so you just need the property clock frequency and it will set up this rate. So for another example is this clock, so as we have said, the clock are organized as tree so this one will use this clock as parent clock, so it is done by this, clocks equal and reference on this one and for CalXDA there is a special driver which has been defined and registered with this compatible name and for this one we need a special resource so this I thought it was an offset of the register for the CalXDA driver. So for the call, here we define device ID and the match so here is just an extract so fixed clock will be used and associated with the OF fixed clock set up so what we do is just to call OF clock in it with the matching here and what do OF clock in it, it will parse the device tree and as soon there is a match then it will get from this particular function it will get the function passed as data and call it and so how it is done here is a setup, here we just get the name, get the clock frequency set up and just set up the register, the clock so here even if we declare it as a special clock for CalXDA in fact it's just use one of the five basic clocks which is the fixed rate clock. A more complex example is for example for the CPU clock or the clock clock here we state that we have a clock cell of one that means that instead of declaring just one clock we declare array of clock so it's possible and that means for example that when you want to depend of one disk clock you specify the name of the node and a number which will indicate which one of the clock you want to pick up in this array so how it works as usual here we have but just for our own implementation we have our structure because we have a different function we are going to use here you have still the clock match but instead of passing function for the simple example here we pass our own structure here this clock in it as you see is very close to the OF clock in it so the same thing we pass the device tree and as soon as we have a match we get the data and this time we are going to call our function MVBU clock setup with the data we passed and in this function so we get the resource as usual but here we are going to create an array of clocks so that's why I just as an example but here there is more fact we have a loop when we register a lot of clock and then at the end we just register one clock at a time so the second part which is less usual with device tree and with driver is to expose the clock to the device tree because here we are just getting resource from the device tree but now what we want is that the other device driver are going to use our clock and so what we want to do is to teach the device tree how to get the clock from the information right in the device tree so this is done using OF TLK app provider so what we take three parameters the first one is just the node associated to our clock driver then the function which will be called from the device driver when the device driver will do a clock gate then at the point where the kernel we are going to call this callback and the purpose of this callback is to provide the clock associated to this driver and the data received by the callback most of the time is a pointer to the clock or the clock associated to this node so here an example so yes so this one is more or less the same that for the first simple example just to ring yes so here we have our clock here and it's referenced by this one and so yeah so what should we do we register our clock we have a pointer on this clock and then we add this on provider so the node it's the node we have when we register this clock and we pass a very simple function which this function will just return the data we register so it's very very simple when we have just one clock we just have these simple things but for more advanced the clock driver so when we when we want to deal with an array of driver of clock then we have for example here a small that small structure so it's just an array of clock and a pointer of clock and here just a number of clock you can use what you do when you what the function will do it will receive the data you have just registered and this time we are going to use this first parameter this first parameter will be used here what we want to get just the first argument to the first argument if we go back yes this one is here we have this first argument because we said here that the how clock will take one argument so with this number one whereas for the more simple one we have zero so that's why here yeah there is nothing and when we state that we have one the clock cell is one then we can have the one is this one and so we can get here so using this one is provided by the part of the kernel who deal with the device tree and so it can provide the number we just pass through the device tree and for this simple example once we have the index we can just reach on as a pointer to the clock register in this array and how we register it so it is a clock set up so what we do is we have a loop to register all the clock belonging to this driver and once we have registered of this clock we have put it in the array and you we provide this array and the function to extract them using with clock provider and then the last part is it's not really specific in fact to the common clock framework it's just the same that was used for the clock framework API but now we will have a full picture of the common clock framework so what we what what do you do in a driver you use clock gate to to get the clock for this device the link between the clock you need and your device is done by the device tree or it also can be done by the platform data even if the device tree is a preferred method we also have managed version they have them clock get clock so you just can do a devon clock get clock and you don't have to take care of releasing as a memory and so on once you have a reference on your clock you can activate it using a clock enable or clock prepare or both depending of the context and for most of the delivery is just enough you have enable your clock now it's it's run and so your drive your device can can run but if you need more you can just use the clock API so you can get set the rate change the parent and so on so few example for example for the nvita driver here we are going to use the get clock driver we are going to we say that we want the get clock with the index 2 of this array of clock so here and for a more simple example here we just say that we want this clock because the a9 of perif clock is a simple clock and so in the driver what we what we do in probe we get we do a devon clock gate so we get a reference on the clock and then we can call clock prepare enable so this one do the clock prepare in the clock enable in the same time so we are sure that you are calling everything but that need that means that if you do a prepare you can't use this function in an atomic context and in once you have finished with your device you can just do a clock disable and prepare and that's that's all and at the point if you need to have the rate of your clock you just have to do the clock get right with the pointer to your clock and then you can deal with your clock and do what you need to do with your clock so in conclusion the common clock framework is an efficient way to declare and use the clock is how month of clock of code to support is very reduced now that as most of the framework in the kernel you just have to focus on the implementation of what it is very specific to your hardware and all the common stuff is already there so as you have seen for a very simple clock you it's just a couple of lines if you have just a fixed clock you just have to say to call a clock at a fixed fixed clock and end that all and even for more complex one you can try to split in a simple clock and call all of them and soon with the composite clock you can just have one clock but be able to use the framework from the other it's still quite recent so that means that complex socks still need to finish immigration it's not not yet finished so that means that if you want to have some example from the kernel you must pay attention of if the clock are finished immigration of it's the old way they use it and the incoming feature are the debate face but said from my trick it which will be allowed to change the clock rate according to the voltage or change the voltage according to the clock rate it's for this is that he has to add a new notification and to be sure that frequency will be okay fresh yet also had so the company clock which will be helped to just have one single clock and be able to to use the clock operation already available and it's all he also improves the debug FS output because currently the debug FS is you have one directory for each clock so it's very convenient when you want to debug and when just to see some information but if you want to have a synthetic view of your clock it's maybe less use less useful so this new output will will use a gson style so in one single line you can be able to pass this data and do what you don't with it so thanks for your attention and if you have any question you can ask me and I will ask to a microcator answer it


All right, give me one second, I was pulling it back up so I'm going to work off there. Thank you everybody for joining us. It is October 7th and welcome to the Social Equity Subcommittee meeting. We just hit our first milestone on October 1st where a report was turned in so the plan for reducing or eliminating fees for social equity applicants. We have additional deadlines coming up so this is a good critical meeting and we're happy everyone could make the time today. I'd like to go to the agenda. I'm going to officially call the meeting to order now. And also I'm going to ask if we have a motion to approve the minutes from 10-4. Motion? Do I have a second? Thank you so much. All right great, let the record reflect that the minutes for 10-4 have been approved. There are no public comments this week so Julie I would ask do we have any members of the public in the room with us today? We do, we have two members of the public. Welcome, fantastic. At 10 till the hour we will open up the floor to public comments for those who are in the room but as a reminder to anyone watching the video if you would like to submit public comments you may do so at ccb.vermont.gov. There's a public input form but you can fill everything out and you can also attach files and provide any additional resources. So I'm going to flip back and this is today's agenda. We'll be going through exclusive licensing for social equity applicants, delivery, a co-op, cannabis business development fund and then of course ending as I just noted with public comments. So with that being said Gina I am going to turn this over to you and I will be updating and writing in real time for this today. Thank you. Thank you. Before we begin I just want to take attendance for everybody. I'm so sorry. I see. Present. Nader. Right. Julie from the Vermont Cannabis Control Board. Yes, here. From NACP we have Danika here. We have John taking notes. We have Susanna from Vermont's government. Present. Great. Who is absent right now is Nuzulio and Jeffrey. He is out there from NACP. We will make sure after this meeting to send them the minutes and our presentation as well. Thank you. So exciting times everyone. We are on exclusive licenses so we're going to consider if there should be any exclusive licenses for social equity candidates. Please note none of these licenses are in any of the cannabis regulations that we will be making recommendations for them to be added. So do not despair. I think recommendations go a really long way and I think Vermont is open to seeing these licenses. So as we spoke about last week about delivery licenses and cooperative licenses, one of the things that we also have to establish if we're saying that these will be exclusive to social equity candidates will there be a time limit of exclusivity. We have discussed that in other states they often do make a time period where these licenses are introduced and then social equity. So for delivery there was three years or four years on term periods and then they will look at it again and see if they want to open it to everyone or just keep it as a social equity. So we should also consider that when we are discussing these licenses. So I'm going to go into our first one with delivery. I know people wanted to speak about different models that there are in the industry. We will discuss that but one of the things that I wanted to focus on is not to try to limit what Vermont chooses to do for licensing. So if we can kind of be a little bit more open-ended we'll really define. On it that I'll give you some of the choices that Vermont may choose. So Massachusetts does marijuana courier. It was previously called a delivery only license. The next few licenses, slides that I'm going to show you about delivery was created by Jeffrey Gallego and unfortunately he couldn't be with us because he was going to present them. So just please note that for the record he's done a really great job on giving us all of these slides and explaining what models are out there. And so this is what we were discussing sort of last week. Acting as a marijuana courier. Picking up marijuana from a retail shop and bringing it to the consumer or the patient if it is a medicinal patient. Right now currently this model is allowed for the medicinal cannabis industry in Vermont. And just to know on this model marijuana cannot be stored overnight. So if you have a delivery and the person doesn't answer it it definitely needs to be returned to the retail store. AKA the dispensary. Now there's another model here. It's the marijuana delivery operator. And so this would allow a person to be able to store marijuana. So we like to compare that to the ice cream truck store. You are able to get products from the cultivator and the manufacturer. I'm sorry. I'm seeing some notes. Can you not see the slides? I can now. I just had to bump out of the meeting and went back in. So now I'm with you. Sorry about that, Gina. Oh, no worries. Okay. Now you kind of just jump in there and just say, gee, wait, wait a minute. Can you see the slides? Are you able to see them now? Yes, our same deal with me. I left and came back and it worked. All right. Fantastic. Thank you. Did everybody in the call right now hear about the marijuana carrier license? Yeah. One more time. Yeah. We'll go back to the beginning. So one of the delivery license types that are out there is a marijuana carrier license. You currently sort of have this license type without calling it a license site that in the medicinal cannabis dispensary, they are able to career a product to a patient. So basically with this one, you have a retail dispensary. They have a customer delivery to them. The courier service picks up the product that is locked in a seal container from the dispensary and then brings it over to the patient. We, of course, we're not going to pay any legislation around this, but you know, they would need to confirm it's the person, the age, and also the responsibility is also let the retail to do the same thing. With this license, you cannot, the courier person cannot store marijuana overnight. The second is a marijuana delivery operator, and this person would be able to purchase marijuana and any of their products from a cultivator or a product manufacturer, and they can sell and deliver to customers directly. So what we like to compare this to is an ice cream truck. And in some states, it's a natural truck. They get in orders and they say, you know, do I have the product with me? Do I have this in my inventory and can deliver to them? Or they can pick up more from a retail store or manufacturer and deliver to them. So it's like a third party. All right, I'm going to sell you products and then you sell those products. We see this often with online retail. And then that is also similar to the wholesale delivery license. It's the same thing. You're able to pick up and sell and hold on to products overnight, and that's sort of your inventory base. So they're sort of acting like your own dispensary in store. And then we have, I know, someone made mention of the Ease model, which is in a couple of different states, which is an online platform. So they act as like DoorDash or like Uber Ease, for example.  And then they go through the dispensary, they pick it up, they deliver it to somebody to warm. One of the ways that we are thinking about with the Vermont retail delivery is that what might be the easiest way to get in, to start off delivery in Vermont, is to have a Deliverier Courier System. But that Courier System is related to the retail. So they have that as a delivery add-on, if they want to hire a delivery licensee. Where the retail employs a driver, they employs a vehicle, and they have to provide insurance coverage for the driver. They are giving authority to the customer to be able to call in or shop online from the realtor. And then the Delivery Courier then brings the product to the customer.  I make a piece of delivery, call in my order, they send someone out to send me my product. And this is also really the least expensive way for a social equity licensee to get into the business. It is also a good way of keeping security on the item and also making sure that the illness falls on the retailer to dispensary itself to really choose who they would like and also ensuring, you know, 21 ages, the payment processing system, etc. Because with some of these models, for example, Ease, or a wholesaler by delivery operator, there would be a lot more issues. A social equity licensee would need certain trusts, certain reasons, cars, storage, ability, insurance. They take more liability of who they're selling the product to. It's just a lot more that is really involved with those larger sort of delivery models. I'm not saying that Vermont should not adopt any of them, but this would be a really first easy step to create. I just want everybody's opinion about delivery or maybe we just keep this open-ended that we're happy to see any of these models be implemented in Vermont. Nat, how do you feel about this? So, you know, the first license we're talking about where the delivery driver is a part of the retail business, I think that's a good idea. I think that they're, you know, my mind goes to legislators who are going to oppose this. You know, my first thought is that a lot of concern is given to highway safety and just road safety in general, and, you know, there will be this concern that people are going to drive themselves to retail shops by their cannabis and then smoke in that area and then drive around, whereas, you know, having it delivered to their house or rental or apartment that could relieve that fear, I think. The ice cream truck model thinks that... I don't think it's a terrible idea. I think there's pros and cons. You know, I think about how rural Vermont is and how, you know, some folks may not have transportation to go to and from retail locations, but I also think that it's kind of... it's a lot of steps forward to all at once when it comes to trying to follow the ice cream truck idea. So, those are my initial thoughts. Thank you, Ashley. I just want to piggyback on the ice cream truck model. You know, I've seen a little bit of that in New York City, and I think it's, I think that much. I do think that delivery is going to be essential in Vermont because of how rural we are. I like the idea of the retailer license having it as an add-on because that will definitely be important for retail. I don't know that they should add on for a year that they open their retail facility. So, that could provide a little bit of a gateway if we did want to do an exclusivity or an exclusive for those licenses for social... for any licensee holders. I think there could be some compromise in there to help encourage those folks to get into that sector. I think that also a really nice gateway to understanding what it's like to kind of sub to these retailers or sub to these wholesalers and really get to know all the players that are going to be in the market. So, I like the community development involvement in that. Let's see. What else? The calling and getting your weed. I mean, like that is... I think anybody for the tourists is going to expect that. The Airbnb rate around here is incredibly high. I think, you know, I think that's going to be really, really important to have. What I do want to avoid though is like folks coming up like to resort and doing like the ice cream truck around like parking in, you know, valet and like people just come like, that's going to prevent all of those people from coming just out of their hotels and going either to a farm or going to a dispensary and kind of getting outside of that resort field. So, I was later on that front. I do like the idea though of what Massachusetts did of offering it for the first couple of years. So, that's an interesting point that I'd be willing to keep exploring. How many years would you be interested in giving exclusivity to social equity candidates? Like around three or four years? What are your thoughts, more or less? Well, that being hypothetical then would retailers who want to have a delivery service be required to have social equity applicants as their, you know, as their delivery service? Because that could be cool too. So, that's really a need, yeah. Exactly. The way that we can ensure that, you know, we are getting also social equity candidates into the industry and we take part in it. I don't know about the amount of years. I want to ask Jennifer like when they started their program to like how effective, like how many people are utilizing that type of a license. If it's a ton, then it means the program works. If it's the same amount as anybody, you know, in a state that doesn't have it as an exclusivity, I just kind of want to look and see if we can ask Jennifer that. So, they do more of a bigger business model than what we're suggesting here. And it did start earlier this year in the year 2024 when they re-visit if this will just remain exclusive for social equity. And I think there's about four licenses right now that they have issued for that. And so, you know, this is obviously sort of a very different thing. You know, it's just really going to depend on, you know, how many social equity candidates want this in Vermont. I'd like us to look at most issues because it's a very close date that has social equity, but we always have to remember just, you know, five elements of doing a comparison. I think that, you know, when we make the suggestion that we have to say, you know, that the social equity board has to approve this. It's maybe six months a year and see if this is working out enough because, of course, if there's not enough licensees out there who are going to get delivery, we have to allow for retails to be able to look out of having someone who has a delivery license. But I think we have heard many public comments already that people are really in support of delivery and really want this. So, you know, I think based on anything, you know, this is a new program and every single legislation that is created around it has to be revisited to ensure that it is working properly. So with that being said, about this timeframe, would you like to see it at four years? A lot of often it's about the three to four-year exclusivity in other states. Would you do five years or more or less? Do you think about the actual time of it? Because if you think about this, like in intervals like, what's the first year of the flight and what the needs are versus the second year and what the needs are, there's going to be a lot more needs in that second, third, fourth year because there's going to be more of us that needs the service for delivery. So, let me take a little bit more on that. Yes, Anna, how do you feel about the delivery license? I think that I like it as proposed and I'm still really thinking a lot about the intertwining with other systems like the justice system and et cetera. I don't have fully formed thoughts, but that's where I am right now. Thank you. I'm sorry. Do you like this Vermont retail delivery license idea? I'm just confirming which slide you're referring to. Yeah, I think it's... Yeah, I like this proposal particularly because it helps to break the onus on the more powerful party. You know, when I was in New York, it was suddenly, overnight, you wanted to start forcing all of the electric bicycle laws because you're not supposed to have them, but all the delivery drivers did, and it was like the drivers because they were the ones getting fined. These have to be fined, but really, you know, it was the employers who kind of wanted them to use it as an excuse. So, anyway, that's what came to me, but I think that it's really important that we put the responsibility on the right party, and I think that this helps to do that. Thank you so much. And Julia, I see that you've joined us. I've been here for a while. I just didn't have my camera on. Oh, okay. So, with the delivery models, I know you've received a PowerPoint presentation and you might have heard us discuss that. How do you feel about this Vermont retail delivery license and, you know, if you don't like this, is there another model that you might like more? Well, I would say if Vermont is going to do retail delivery, I agree with the others who have said that starting with an employee-based and, you know, retailer-based delivery service would probably be the best way to step forward and then see how deliveries work out. My understanding from Massachusetts, and I'm not the expert, I've done a little reading in advance of this meeting. My understanding is that Massachusetts started retail sales in 2018, but they only started home delivery service this past July. I know the pandemic may have affected that, but it looks like it didn't all launch at the same time. I think we're making a more... Very originally, we're going to go with a courier service and then some of their social equity candidates really wanted it to be more of a business model, so that was one part of the delay of it, but I believe they had courier service for their medicinal cannabis, which is the same that Vermont has right now. And other state employees that do that for... Vermont doesn't... or does Vermont contract with delivery service for medical? I'm not sure. I believe it's an internal... I think that's right. Julie, do you have the answers to that? Yes, so I believe that they're employees of the dispensary. I don't think that they're for the medical program. I don't think that they're connected to the state of Vermont at all. Right, but they're... I'm sorry, I made a mistake in speaking there. They're dispensary employees. Yes. Yeah, I think... because I think there's another... there are other committees that are going to provide advice and guidance on how delivery would work, things like security, verification, and so forth. So I'm not... So I'm assuming if they are able to work that out, I'm comfortable with what you have on the screen, which is the retailer-based delivery service. For me, one, I think, at least as a little bit of reasoning, I said there are a lot of people who want delivery, like there's a market for home consumption, and there may be a benefit to have people who are going to deliver solely. You don't have to worry or speculate about whether people are using in the car on the way home, which is maybe a little assuring. So assuming that those details can work out, the benefits of having the employer-based one is that the concern I worry about is that you have... You can also... If you just go straight to like a quote, gig economy model, there may be a risk of economic exploitation of people who themselves might not have experience in commerce to be the best advocates or have the most power for themselves. So an employee, if they were injured, for example, during delivery, there's an auto accident or something like that, and the worker's compensation would provide a safety net for that. They would be... The vehicles would be subject to... The duty to maintain a working vehicle to make sure, especially in Vermont, where the climate can be unfriendly at certain times of the year, that that's a safe vehicle for them and to put the illness on that. That's one of the great points about cost should be... I said someone raised their hands, I'm going to stop. Great point, that was a great point. Ashley, I see your hand raised. I'm curious, thinking about how small businesses work, we wear all the hats to do all the things. Are cultivators going to be able to take their plant material and drive it to a dispensary for sale? I'm missing the steps. Or is this delivery going to be implemented so that you have to use a carrier service? Because I see that in some ways of being a little bit more expensive for the cultivator, but a lot more security knowing that this person's licensed, they went through the whole process of getting whatever type of vehicle they have, insurance they have, they know the protocol, perhaps there's going to be some budgeting certifications so that they know how to properly carry one to the place of the other and how it's... So just if you can speak to that, I'm just... I think that that is a really great point and I would love to sort of say that we can add cultivation here, but I think that's really a compliance and enforcement subcommittee distinction there. And I'm just going to take a call. Danika, I see your hand raised. And then I would love to vote on this because we have some other licenses to look at as well. Danika? Julie, I believe that Brynn shared with us what the retailer license can do. And please correct me if I'm wrong. Transport, possess, and sell. Does that sound right? Yes. And it may answer your question. I think what's different here is that this is delivery not from one business to another, but from a business to a home. Got it. So that was my question. Is it clear in the license type too? Yes, it's clear in the license type what the retailers can do. Thank you. Wonderful. So I would like us to vote on that. Yes, we would like to have a delivery license recommendation that this be added to current licenses that will be exclusive for social equity candidates. Timing of that to be determined by the Vermont Cannabis Control Board. And that we are recommending the retail delivery with the details that are on slide 13 under this presentation. Which is the retail license with delivery add-on. The retailer employs the driver, the vehicle, and insurance coverage for the driver. The social equity licensee is the one who delivers the product to the customer. And they are given this authorization from the dispensary. Please send this out. So it's a comparison to a piece of delivery service. And that they are employees of that dispensary. Nader, how do you vote on this? Before I vote, I just hoping for some further clarity. Are we voting on how many years this license will be exclusive? Or is that for a further discussion or another discussion? I think maybe we just leave that in the hands of the Vermont Cannabis Control Board. Okay. Just a check. So I voted yes. I support the license scheme that we've discussed. Thank you, Ashley. I'm still a little on the fence. So just my questions are the, you said that the exclusivity aspect, that's later. That's not a part of it. No, I'm responsible for the Vermont Cannabis Control Board to deal with the time periods and what they think is appropriate based on all the other different licenses and schemes, et cetera. So I'm voting on if the delivery license should even be added to the licenses that are being offered to social equity applicants. Yeah. So we are voting on adding a delivery license through the current licenses available, allowing that for exclusivity to social equity for whatever time periods the Vermont Cannabis Control Board deems appropriate and suggesting the retail delivery model to the Vermont Cannabis Control Board. Okay. So yes to everything but exclusivity for social equity applicants. For that particular. I think you do not want that only social equity license can get this license. Yeah. Okay. Because when we're talking about this license it's only for social equity candidates. Forever and always? Not forever. For a time period determined by the Vermont Cannabis Control Board. And we can make a recommendation. Because we were all sort of unclear of what that time period should be I was going to let that to be the Vermont Cannabis Control Board. But we can talk after this vote about how many years we think. Let's hold the vote and let's discuss if you want to make a recommendation of how many years. I mean how many years do you think there should be exclusive to? To a special licensee. I don't know that I can vote yet Gina. I think I really need to think about this because that's going to be a really important license to hold just based off of our state. Like we will need this indefinitely. And so I don't know that I'm ready to vote. And so when I will say to you that all of the licenses that we are talking about are going to be exclusive for social equity licenses. And right now there is no delivery license that is being offered for the recreational use market. So adult use does not have delivery as a licensee at all. Can you pass on me? Can I get just a little break? Julio would you like to discuss a time period before your vote on our retail delivery? Before I can make a judgment about how long I'm going to vote I just want to make sure that I understand who holds the license. This is a license that would go to somebody if it's like a second license or an amendment to your existing social equity retailer license. So it's held by the retailer, not by the driver? It's held by the driver. So you would have to apply for a social equity license. And then the retailer who would like to have delivery can hire those people who have a retail delivery license. So kind of the core of drivers for some period of time would be exclusively social equity candidates. Would that one be elsewhere if I hire? Presumably it could be hired by more than one employer. You could have a joint employer. The situation. Yeah, so with that understanding I like the idea that that's on the board and I'm comfortable with the board setting the level of the period of exclusivity. I think they, because they have a better sense as to how many licenses they expect to issue and get a number of licenses or the fees that would be involved and all of that and I don't have those facts. So I think it should be exclusive at the beginning because I think one of the objectives of the legislation is that these new markets are as open as possible to people who would face barriers to getting into commerce otherwise. And being a driver is probably like the easiest on-ramp to enter this economy because there's no capital cost. You have to qualify and be a competent employee but you don't have to get venture capital by buildings and rent property and equipment and so forth. So for me to have that market begin to open up to this group for a period of time I think is really a good idea but I don't have a sense to what the projections are for what this economy would look like. Is it a blank billion dollars per year of people estimating based on some economic projections I haven't seen? I don't know. But I'm comfortable letting that kind of, that's more of an economic calculation to let the board sort that out because I think they have more information than we can. Thank you. I agree with that. Julio, thank you for bringing that up which is why I said for the Remark cannabis control board to determine that timing exclusivity part of this because they would have better predictions of how long this really is feasible for. So are you saying yes to this model with the time period should be determined by the Remark cannabis control board? Yes. Thank you. Thank you for all of that. Julio, those are awesome questions and I think I'm with that. I can vote yes. Thank you. So where our recommendation is that delivery licenses are added as exclusivities for the social equity market. We are also making the recommendation that the Remark cannabis control board makes a recommendation to add this as a license site exclusive time period for them to determine based on the need for Vermont to make this for a social equity exclusive license period. We are also making a recommendation that they follow the retail delivery model and I just want one more clarification and both if the cannabis control board deems that another model is better with all of the information that they have that they will be changing the model that we choose. Julio? I guess they always have that right, right? Yeah, they always have that. I think if they have another model that they think would deliver better additional services to particularly the social equity part of that economy I mean I would hope they would let us know in case we have public comments or other perspectives on that but I understand that they're a great taker or modifier to call in our recommendation so I mean I think you're just stating what is the state of affairs. I think that's the current challenge. Anything that we come up with at the committee is just a recommendation. They will be seeing it so far. So far all the recommendations that we made for our first one tap pass so I think we're doing a really great job. Before I move on to co-op I would really like to have public comment period, Julie if that's okay. I know that's a few minutes early but just so that we aren't cut in the middle of discussing co-op and not have enough time. I'm fine with that, Gina. If someone comes in before the end of the meeting I'd offer them an opportunity to comment as well like if they were coming just for that and I'll let you know if that happens. Do you have public comment? Thank you. Shall I rotate? You can, yeah. Hi everybody, Ben Mervis. Great to see you again. So I appreciate this conversation. I appreciate everyone's thoughtfulness and in particular the subcommittee members. Pesitents around this in some ways. I took a lot of notes and what this comes down to for me and having seen this roll out in other markets ultimately it feels like this is a job that we're approving. It feels like we're talking about a license to hold a delivery job and whatever the time limit may be which just by the way always recommend that time limits be set from the date that the first license is granted. It's just helpful language for something that Massachusetts has run into is the three year time limit was not assigned to when the clock starts. But it really feels like three years, four years, five years it's just exclusivity on a job and that job is specifically delivery. I would say when talking about social equity applicants it's really important to look at their driving experience and how a lot of these applicants if they're coming out of incarceration they haven't been driving for many years. If they are low socioeconomic they may not be used to driving around their city, never mind the state. As Julio said, excuse me for using your first names if you don't mind. But as you said Julio this is a gig economy that we're essentially talking about creating it does really easily lead to economic exploitation from what we've seen in California, Massachusetts this is basically a ticking time clock until these folks lose their exclusivity and then the power is fully in the retail license holder to say you know what, as much as we've enjoyed this exclusivity period we're going to now bring this in how you can apply for this job if you would like is essentially where this leaves us. So I would just recommend in particular to the CCB to consider the other models as well in addition to this. It's great to offer this lowest barrier option but the other models do have more opportunity for proliferation to grow with the market and to create at least some more of a profit margin because this right here is most likely going to be limited to a fee on top of the purchase and that's what the license holder is going to take home and that's going to be a minimal profit so it's really limiting the opportunity that's available to the applicant. I also wanted to just add ease gets a lot of mention I worked directly with them in California definitely worth looking into their financial disclosures and the fact that in less than six years they had to raise over $255 million and required bridge loans to continue because they were constantly losing money on these deals because in order to get people to use delivery as opposed to just going to the store they had to offer discount codes to make the delivery fee free and so that meant that the delivery drivers were getting their hourly but there were if a delivery fee was being paid there was no tip if the delivery fee was waived then the drivers were getting minimal tips I do have a public comment that I wrote because I wanted to include as much information as possible for you all just building on my last statement about social consumption so you'll see that next week when it makes its way through the system but I've taken up enough of your time thank you so much. Other public comment? Thank you. We're all set for now Gina. Thank you. I know Ben mentioned which we included in here because of the public comment period as we have recommended something where you would be a direct employee versus an ease model it's because ease is very expensive and they also had some issues and you can see with advertising but also with payment processing it's a very big issue in this industry and at first they didn't get it right and so we are trying to eliminate social equity following the same journey path as that as new to the cannabis industry which was that they were using a credit card processor and they weren't able to do that and they were fined and some people did wind up in prison for it so these are lots of things in why we really want to educate social equity candidates about this industry it's a very different industry than any other due to the federal restrictions that is placed upon it so yes we do take that into mind and consideration but provided as a model based on recommendations on Monday so we are ready for co-op licenses I know we only have about 10 minutes left so we're just kind of starting to discuss this and first of all we're going to say why co-op licenses you know we've already talked about this cannabis business development fund which we'll speak more about next week about that there is only $500,000 that is allocated there are possible funds of $50,000 for integrated licenses but at this time we don't know if anyone will sign up for those and dividing loans or even having grants among other people it might be very very minimal at best and then we also have to take into account the administrative aspect of the cannabis development fund and we have to also take into aspect of how much that education is going to cost to run also, cannabis businesses is very expensive and when we start thinking about what is the most expensive cost for social equity candidates that is going to be land and equipment and land being the really a huge burdensome to people that rent expands all of the time so and there have been public comments like some social equity candidates may not know anything about cannabis but really trying to get into a new industry so working together, united is really stronger and so we have considered to have a co-op license and a different approach to using some of the money that has been allocated for the cannabis development fund is to pull it together and to have land and equipment purchased we can once the program starts out having social equity candidates pay more monthly rent to support the program and that this co-op would include cultivation, processing ability to sell cannabis from the license promise this works really well with a suggested license that they have out there right now is one to consumer license so I really just kind of want to start discussing these aspects Julio what are your thoughts about a co-op license um I got in subject to the co-op experts working out the actual operation in a way that you know doesn't you know and has a mechanism I think it's a great opportunity for me it looks like it's another way to lower barriers for disadvantaged candidates to enter into the economy especially given that at least right now there's a relatively I guess it's all a matter of opinion but to me it seems like a relatively limited pool of resources that could be granted individually um although this is not an agricultural industry Vermont has in agriculture has seen co-ops work not only in the big agriculture like dairy but also the things like the cooperative gardening that's been set up in different parts of the state so I think it's I think it's a very promising idea I'm you Nader your thoughts around this program yeah so similar to Julio I have a positive feeling about developing co-op license I do still have lingering thoughts about the logistics of how of how this license would work and where land would be purchased where equipment would be purchased and you know whether this is a network that would be established in multiple locations in the state or in one central location so yeah those are my initial thoughts when is the things that we would like to do for this is to give this as an option for the kind of control board and then for them to really look into um establishing how that would look where that location would look etc um we may be able to get um someone who's doing some co-ops that are similar in the state of Vermont as well as an expert I'm not sure if we have that opportunity um so when we're voting on this it's the opportunity for the Vermont cannabis control board to explore doing um Ashley um I agree I think this is really positive I think about you know from logistics standpoint I mean maybe you're already thinking um but like I know of so many um processing facilities that are no longer operating because of the boom and bust so I know there are I mean there's auctions all the time for assistance assistance um I'm wondering for those who are you know like a percentage of their license that is written off because I'm going to agree to do a certain percentage of their output with SE applicants like there's a lot of equipment that's already out there I just wonder how we could utilize it in a way that's not exhausting the um the development fund um but I'm definitely in support of co-ops for sure right and I will let you know that you know we are hoping to conclude all of these meetings by the end of October but November is when we come out and say to people you know what education courses do you think we can have out there what mentorship programs do you think we can get involved who wants to donate equipment how can we utilize what Vermont already has and what we have in the industry to really make such an inclusive program so this is really just our first and sort of recommendations of what we want that you know how can we really implement this and work with social equity potential social equity candidates out there um and people who are working in associations or agencies who are already dealing with this work and how we can really make this a comprehensive program that really lasts with working with so many different people um so we will be doing that in November so people out there who are thinking about public comments please please come and engage with us we want to do some town halls we want to hear your voice you know that's really important to us because we will have a program that survives because of that um uh with we will be doing shortly some grace that everybody is thinking about that already because I certainly am so I would like to take a vote on to saying that there is a possibility to have a co-op license and then we can uh further really look into what that should look like um for the Vermont kind of this control board um so Julio um yes or no yes Nader yes and Ashley yes great that is um three yeses um for the record I I think it is going to be very fantastic and you know very Vermont focused and um to see how this whole works for for for the rest of the licensees um next week we will be starting out with this slide that we're talking about here about cannabis development funds and sort of just talk about this a little bit you know there is limited funding um sort of presentation of making 5% of cannabis tax revenue so we just want to support it um creating a social equity cannabis trust um so we can get public donation you know how can you help us um also in consideration of time um if you're out there you want to be a mentor you want to help this program you know equipment if equipment is allowed we will find out what the guidelines are from Julie um before we start to you know before people come in um and sort of you know what are some of the expenditures that the fund will have you know educational courses, operational expenses, workshops um how is it going to be funded and how can we get low interest loans to social equity licensees um you know can can we get some banks um out there who may be interested in it or do are there some investment companies out there who are interested in investing as well so that we can really make this where this is much larger than just one fund and though how we can really start to help um continuously fund and so I leave you with this slide because I know you all like to be prepared and start having your mind start thinking about all of this um I'm always thinking about it so you can always send me an email if you have some great ideas and until we speak next time um for the record we are not going to have a call on Monday that is canceled due to a holiday but we will be having this call on Tuesday at 3 p.m um in lieu of Monday's call so um does anyone have any final comments or questions? No? Great um can I have a motion to adjourn? Motion


And in sports news, Bayern Munich striker Robert Lewandowski confirmed that he will not be signing a new deal after eight trophy-laden years at the club. Lewandowski, who has one year left on his current contract, is said to want a new challenge away from Germany with Barcelona's favorite for his signature. The poor healthy German giant with the Bundesliga in each of his eight seasons at the club, as well as another eight domestic trophies with and both the UEFA Champions League and the FIFA World Cup in 2020. He broke Gerrit's smallest record by scoring 41 goals in a single Bundesliga campaign, and Stryker joined the Dutch legend John Groff as the only two players to achieve the win while being the highest goal scorer in the three competition. Lewandowski won the Best FIFA Men's Player Award both in 2020 and 2021 and finished second only to Lionel Messi for 2021 Ballon d'Or.


Rhino Camp refugee settlement stretches across Madiakolo and Tarago districts in northwestern Uganda. The settlement was established in 1980 and is now home to just over 200,000 refugees from South Sudan. The refugees and nearby host communities live in remote rural areas. They depend on natural resources for most of their daily subsistence needs, such as fuel wood for cooking energy, growing crops, and keeping livestock. But because of the high population influx, these same natural resources are now under more pressure due to increased demand by refugees and their hosts, leading to landscape degradation and depletion of tree resources. The guidance for a landscape approach in displacement setting, or GLADS, is an initiative by C4 eCraft and partners to better understand and facilitate collaboration and refugee hosting landscapes, including this area of Rhino Camp refugee settlement. We are developing guidelines for implementing an integrated landscape approach. These guidelines are based on five main principles which include the principle on social ecological systems, the principle on multifunctionality, the principle on interdisciplinarity, participation, and sustainability. So in Uganda what we are doing is we have taken Rhino Camp refugee settlement where we wish to or we are going to be trialing the integrated landscape approach. A shared understanding of the displacement setting landscape is a first step in dealing with complexities and the multiple functions within the landscape to understand new social relations between host communities and other stakeholders and their use of resources. With pressure on the surrounding natural resources, refugees are now often competing with host communities to access fuel wood and water. So water issue is the biggest issue here since we arrived and up to now, like most of it is affecting crops. That is water performing. We are getting challenges that we dig, but sometimes they rain, disappoint us, and crops will not grow. Even we are also trying to plant trees, more trees to replace but others can force themselves now to grow. They are resilient to the sunshine, but others they can just die definitely. The other challenge is water. Really there is no water now. We have only one borehole. We are sharing with the host. At a time if that borehole goes get spoiling, we are going up to that learning center. Yeah, we are going to get water there. The land was filled with trees and it was even like a boost to see the other man or the other home or the other person. It was a problem. Nowadays you can even see from here to there. And this place here as you are seeing is stony. You can't dig anything. You can't dig anything. At least what we were we could rely on could be agriculture. And the agriculture here where to dig is a problem. And the sun, this climate of this place is not the best for us. Yeah, we were trying to at least struggle in all ways. Apart from digging, we are trying to do some bricks, bricks work. Like there, across there, I've done some bricks which we are waiting to sell. When these partners come, maybe to build schools to build, we can sell. And that will at least give us access to some animals where we can keep for survival. Yeah, that is some of the work we are trying to do. A second step is to create a common vision based on how stakeholders envision social, economic and social sustainability within their landscape. And so one of the one of the challenges is population increase. But this part of the country also has got, I mean, is largely a dry area. And many times there is there is burning, bush burning. There are worried fires. And this came quite a lot of by diversity, especially, you know, trees and then and grass and that initiative exposes it to degradation. So you have got pressure because of need for energy, you know, firewood charcoal. Then you have got wildfires. And sometimes these fires are also created by communities for many reasons, sometimes accidentally, but sometimes they deliver it. And these two working closely, I take it to put the integrity of the environment at risk. And therefore we come in to ensure that the stakeholders understand that there's a need for action to ensure that we keep the integrity of this landscape. And recently in March of 2022, we held a stakeholders workshop. The workshop was or evolved players in the landscape. These are humanitarian organizations that are implementing innovations in different sectors, sectors such as, of course, environmental management, sectors such as the water and sanitation, the wash project, protection, the gender and all that. So these together came and we were engaged in this workshop. I should also mention that the managers of the refugees in the settlement were also involved. That is the office of the prime minister led by the camp commandant were involved. Actions within refugee hosting landscapes means working across sectors, geographic and socio-economic boundaries, and addressing longer term needs, involving both refugees and host communities. The next is to do a pilot. We intend to pilot the principles in the landscape where we hope that one organization that is already present in the landscape will take lead in trialing these principles as CFO IKRAF who are the promoters of these principles will then take note and try to improve or refine the principles for proper implementation in the refugee displacement settings. Government and development agencies are working with communities for better sustainability within the area. They are working towards improved use of cooking energy and tree planting to restore tree cover and provide for firewood and fodder. I use also to plant some trees at my home because when you plant, when you cut, when you cut one, you plant some. I used to do like that. Non-biodegradable materials are being recycled for new products and economic activities. Solar-powered water pumps are one of the solutions tested to deal with water shortages. Continuous learning on these initiatives will help to follow closely what works and what more improvements are needed in this refugee hosting area. Empowering women, men, youth and vulnerable groups to participate helps to create more equitable outcomes. Gender mainstreaming in natural resource management is integral to the red and promotion of alternative energy sources project in Rhino refugee camp settlement. Women are being empowered to participate in decision-making and training on environmental protection, forest restoration, improved sustainable energy and alternative livelihoods. GLADS Initiative guides stakeholders in building context relevant understanding, inclusive approaches, continuous learning and outcomes towards sustainability and resilience in refugee hosting or displacement settings.


Hello and welcome to another low-tech video. I'm Scott Johnson with the Low Technology Institute today We're talking about beeswrap and this is basically a piece of cotton fabric That's been impregnated with beeswax, pine resin, and jojoba oil to make an alternative for cling wrap That way we don't have to keep throwing away this plastic product And we can still close up our open cans, half-used vegetables, and bowls So to make this I melt beeswax in a double boiler and for every square foot of fabric that I'm going to be making I add 15 grams wax, 11 grams pine resin, and 2 grams jojoba oil The wax makes the fabric waterproof The resin makes it sticky so it clings like cling wrap and jojoba oil helps keep everything nice and flexible You can get jojoba and pine resin online You can get beeswax from local beekeepers or your own hives if you keep them I guess you could get your own pine resin if you wanted to tap pine trees but that's quite a process And I just preferred to buy my own It takes a little while to get it all melted and the pine resin has a higher melting point So it does take a little longer to get it all to be one homogenous liquid But once it is you can lay out the fabric on a parchment paper on a cookie sheet Make sure it has a rim so that the wax doesn't melt and fall off into your oven and make a fire And simply lay down each piece of fabric and coat it with a brush with the mixture This brush is only going to be used for this because it does become pretty saturated in there and unable to be cleaned out But you can do as thick a stack of fabric as you like It will get on both sides of the fabric from the melting that it's going to do when you pop it in the oven At about 175 degrees or whatever the lowest setting is on your oven And it sits in there for about 5 minutes After which you can flip the whole thing over or you can do what I like to do and make a little burrito Rolling it over and over And this helps really work the wax, resin and jojoba oil mixture through every fiber to make sure everything is fully coated Now the ratio that I quoted you before for each square foot of fabric 15 grams wax, 11 grams rosin and 2 grams jojoba oil is enough to fully saturate I did a test to see how much would fully saturate the fabric and that was the ratio that I came up with Then it goes back in the oven for another 5 minutes Then to finish it up you simply take it out and unroll your burrito Lift up a piece at a time, wave it in the air just to let it cool down a little bit That's all it takes then you can handle it with your fingers and hang it up on a clothesline to dry or to congeal really Be careful that it doesn't touch itself or a neighboring piece Because then it can kind of stick together and create a not very clean surface So just make sure it's not touching itself or others And let it dry for about 5 minutes and then it's done You can then use it right away And again it will stick like cling wrap and especially in the beginning when the pine risin is really fresh It is a little sticky but that wears down After about a year you can redo this process with about half of the amount of mixture to reinvigorate it But yeah use it just like cling wrap on everything but meat and soft cheeses Everything else can be put on these It's easy to clean with cold water and soap and a scrubbing action They're wonderful, I really have enjoyed using them and highly recommend them It's a fun project, make them on your own Thanks for watching, we have all kinds of videos on our YouTube page and our website lowtechinstitute.org Don't forget to like and subscribe Thanks for watching, have a great day


Sätter det här? Så thank you very much and welcome to this lightning talk. My name is Kim and I'm a software engineer to start up. Call logic locks. We are based in Stockholm and we are developing a platform for doing big data analysis and machine learning at large scale call hopps works and this presentation I'll be talking about feature stores and try to convince you why you need a feature store to manage the data in your machine learning pipelines. So it's like a different from the previous talks. Now if you're a traditional machine learning person, the way that your problems are set up is that you have this X and Y values and then your task is to kind of model this data and learn the relationships between your variables. If you are a scientist, but this X and Y values don't just show up clean by themselves. Rather, they have to come for somewhere and that somewhere tends to be a script or some data engineer written to extract the data. Maybe from a Kafka topic or from a production warehouse somewhere. And what we're seeing now increasingly when machine learning is getting adoption in industry is that this process of extracting the X and Y values and getting the data in the right format and the right time for just doing machine learning is a very big task. And some companies even argue that this is the hardest problem in machine learning right now. Uber, for example, acclaiming this, and they are arguably one of the companies in the world that apply machine learning at the largest scale. So what they're saying is kind of interesting. But even if you don't necessarily agree with everything, Uber says in this quote, we at larger clocks agree with Uber on one point and that is that it should not be a question mark up here. Rather, it should be a standard as interface for how you feed the features into your model for training and serving a standard as interface between data engineering and data science. And that is the feature store, which I'll be explaining in the remainder of this talk. So looking at the definition of a feature store is actually surprisingly simple. It is just a storage location within your organization, where you store documented and curated features. But the power of the feature store really comes from the strong semantics that we can enforce on top of this feature store and abstractions that we can build on top of it. So some of the things that we're trying to achieve with the feature store are things like feature versioning, automatic feature documentation and analysis, and also feature backfilling. But the main point of the feature store, at least in my opinion, is this first one in the list, which is that by using a feature store, it becomes much simpler to reuse features across different models and across different teams. And let me elaborate on a little bit why that is such a big improvement for many organizations today. So what we argue at larger clocks is that by investing in your feature store, the cost of your machine learning products will start to taper off. And our point there is that instead of doing new big investments in each machine learning product you take on and build custom pipelines, you can do kind of one time investments in the lower layers of your data science stack, such as the feature store. And as you build up that feature store with more and more high quality features, the cost of building new models on top of the feature store will start to go down. And let me now look at an example to further make this a point of feature reuse ability. So this is like a typical architecture at an organization today for doing machine learning, where you have this kind of siloed machine learning pipelines, one for each product. And this is a fairly simple workflow, but when you have this architecture, it's very hard to do things like reusing features across the different pipelines. So typically what you have to do actually what I've seen at organizations is that if you have a feature here that you want to reuse here, you just copy the definition and recompute it again. And if you want to do more complex things like for example, feature backfilling or automatic feature analysis and documentation is basically impossible using this architecture. So what we suggest instead is to use what is called a feature store as the common interconnect between all of these pipelines. This means that a feature is no longer tightly coupled to a specific model, rather a feature is now an independent version and reproducible artifact that can potentially span many different models. So we no longer have this tight coupling between model and feature, rather they are kind of disconnected now. And this gives us a lot of freedom and flexibility as engineers or data scientists. For example, one big benefit of this is that now we have this consistency that no matter if we're using a feature for training or for serving or for a neural network or for decision tree, you're always going to use exactly the same definition of that feature, because we're not redefining it over and over again, we're just reusing the same feature again. And this also means that we can do nice things like here. We have all features centralized so we can easily analyze them, look for the correlations. We can also do things like feature backfilling so we can be more efficient in how we compute the features. And that is kind of the promise of what the feature store will give you. And I will just very briefly go into the more of the technical details on how we can build out this thing. And I will speak in our from experience of building a feature store on our platform. So internally, a feature store consists of five different components, starting with the storage layer where we store the actual feature data. This tends to be predominantly numeric data like floats and integers, but it can also be categorical data or binary data, for example. Then we have the metadata layer, and this is, in my opinion, the most important layer to get right with the feature store. And you'll see in our implementation, we exploit this quite a lot. So this is where we store things like the version of a feature, the ownership of the feature, which models is used, which job is just computer feature and from which data set does it originate. This means that we can automatically backfill features when necessary. We also store a lot of statistics about our features for helping our data scientists understand the features like the distribution of all features over time, the correlation with each other, so spearman and Persian correlations. And we also store descriptive statistics and clustering analysis and so on. Then we have the two final components of the feature store, which is the feature registry and the API. And this is kind of the client side interface to the feature store. And the registry, you can think of it as the front end to our feature store. It is a place where we can publish our features, we can search for them, we can browse their metadata or the computation of features and publish our own work basically. So you can think of it in a little way like an app store for machine learning. So it's a place where you can discover new features within the organization and you can also publish your own work so that other people can reuse it. And then the final component is the API. This is what we use inside our machine learning pipelines to read and write to the store. And this is just a regular client side libraries that we use and I'll show you a quick example of how our API looks like. So here we have two examples of the API, one for reading from the store and one for writing to the store. And as you can see code wise, I hope you agree with me, it's quite a simple API. So to read from the store just provide a list of feature names and to write to the store just provide a dataflame of features. And to make this API so simple what we have done is that we have abstracted out of our heavy lifting to our client side libraries. So we actually have a query planner that will analyze your query and give you the result. And now my time is up, but if you're interested I have several references on the final slide where you can read more. And just to summarize this presentation, machine learning is a very powerful tool, but it also comes with a very high technical cost. And in the beginning of this presentation I mentioned this complexity of getting the data in the right format at the right time for doing machine learning. And our solution to this problem is to invest in data management layers specifically designed for machine learning called a feature store. And the world's first open source feature store is available on our platform called Hoppsworks. Thank you. Yes, so the question is what type of features will be for natural language processing and typical features could be for example word embeddings are very common, but it can also be features such as is this word a noun or a synonym or those kind of features. But word embeddings I think is the main feature we're using in the NLP right now. Yes, you can do that as well. It depends a bit which task you're trying to solve, but that's also an option, but you can add more features to better in most cases.


It's clear to me now more than ever that I'm a movie lover, not a hater. Why else would I have front loaded this comic book movie bracket with only the finest films? I saved all the garbage for the end here. It's a rough one today, we're going to be talking about the good, the bad, and the duck nipples on movie feuds. It's been decades since I've seen most of these movies and the ones I do remember I would much rather forget. This list of cast, it's going to be quick, it's going to be a little bit more rapid fire than usual. How are the duck really punishes Leah Thompson's career here? She plays love interest Beverly Switzler. I'm not sure what's more creepy, the incestual mother-son relationship from Back to the Future or the duck on human tension in Howard the Duck. My boy T-Duck is voiced by Chip Zion or Zine, but over half a dozen other people are credited to helping bring this abortion to life. Tim Robbins and Jeffrey Jones are also subjected to this scorching hellfire.  Cut off the heels of critical darling Kazam, Shaq does it again. He manages to make acting seem impossible for any mortal to achieve. Never have I witnessed such a dead-eyed, lifeless performance, except maybe from Cinnamon, my local stripper from down the street. Subscribe for more crazy callbacks to previous episodes. It's a lot of fun.  That's on them. This male equivalent to Shaq's acting pedigree comes from a skinny blonde playboy model. Pamela Anderson is future-proof, as she gives inspiration to all those models on Instagram. You can do it girls, sky's the limit. As long as your perky have blonde hair and fake tits.  I didn't think I could have been more disappointed with the lack of sex appeal. Speaking of dark and gritty garbage, let's talk the spirit. I watched precisely 10 minutes of this movie before deciding life is too short. Once they started throwing shit, including an actual kitchen sink, I was out. Perhaps it got better. I wasn't in the mood to give it a chance. Please let me know in the comments and I will try again.  He wrote, directed, and acted here. Couple of Avengers join the fun. Samuel L. Jackson and Scar Joe get the black and white treatment. That wasn't meant to be a racial comment, but it certainly turned into one now. Queen City's Jamie King is back with Miller again, and Eva Mendez decided that Ghost Rider wasn't the last shitty comic film she wanted to be in. Good for you Eva. That's the spirit. I'm sorry. I told myself I wasn't going to do any puns this episode. That's on me. The Meteor Man, Blank Man, and Mystery Man are all bizarre tongue-in-cheek comic movies. I haven't seen the film in a very long time, but I remember Kid Adam watching this repeatedly. That does not mean the film is good. That just means Kid Adam liked it, and that's what I remember. That he was low on options, and apparently expectations. He thought it was goofy and fun, although had no idea who the lead actor Robert Townsend was. His character was essentially a black Superman who needed to sleep after putting in a lot of work. That concept seems highly racist, and I guess that's now the ongoing joke of the episode, so this is fun. There's a good amount of talent here. Marla Gibbs, Eddie Griffin, Don Cheadle, Sinbad, James Earl Jones, and even Bill Cosby has a small role. How Samuel L. Jackson is not in this movie is perplexing. He's in everything else. Why is he not here? Maybe he's in the background somewhere, I just don't know, I just find it hard to believe. Blank Man casted two of my favorite comedians from the early 90s. In Living Colors, Damon Waynes and the criminally underrated David Alan Greer play a crime-fighting duo of sorts. The Walker Brothers, not to be confused with the movie critics, take on the role of Blank Man and the other guy. This is actual superhero name, the other guy. This movie was hugely disappointing for me when I eventually saw it. Perhaps I was too young to get some of the jokes, but I'm going off history and not present feelings. Mystery Man is an odd place for me to be. I refuse to hate it, but every time I watch I don't really enjoy it that much. I just keep thinking there was a better movie here somewhere. The concept is great, and the actors are a lot of fun. Ben Stiller as Mr. Furious is funny as hell, especially when he goes full rage mode. Julia, Janine Garofalo, William H. Macy, Kel Mitchell, and freaking Pee-wee Herman round out the superhero crew. There are so many bit parts and pop-in moments too. There's Greg Keneer, Jeffrey Rush, and even Dane Cook makes a cameo as The Waffler. And it's probably the best movie role he's ever done. I would say Mystery Man is probably my favorite of this set of trash, if not for the mask. Jim Carrey never really needs another actor in his films as he chews up every scene whenever he's present. The mask is no different as he jumps between Stick in the Mud, Stanley Ipkis, to the over-the-top alter ego simply known as the mask. Pulp Fictions Peter Green plays the forgettable villain Dorian, but to his credit it's hard to be noticed when you're competing with not just Carrie, but bombshell Cameron Diaz in her prime. Never has there been a more proper emoticon than this. Diaz looks absolutely smokin'! I had to. I had to. Howard the Duck is the story of a human-sized duck being pulled from his planet to earth via laser beam into Cleveland where he saves a woman from a group of thugs, but something worse comes through the portal and it's up to Howard to save the day. Okay. What am I doing?   I got better things I could do with my life and my time. I knew he'd break. I'm Evil Adam from an ongoing joke throughout this comic book movie bracket that we're apparently still doing. Steel is a movie that came out in 1997. Nothing else should be said about it.  There.  We're moving on. Barboy is about Pamela Anderson's tits. Nothing else matters. Metallica. It's just giant screen filler. I'm still talking about her breasts.  It should just stick to making pretty graphic novels. I feel like I'm not doing as good of a job as President Adam does on these breakdowns. Nobody here. I'm talking to Noah. It's ridiculous. I would give you my thoughts on Blank Man, but I'm having a hard time remembering anything about it. You could say I'm drawing a Blank Man.  Come on.  You're the worst. Jesus Christ. Calm down. I'm sorry. The year has just begun and this is already falling apart. It's a colossal train wreck. Where did we leave off? Oh yes. Meteor Man. One person will get that movie reference. It's one of the few movies in this episode I remember OK, an actual meteor plummets to earth and hits our hero directly. This gives him superhero powers but weakens him when put to too much use. The highlight for me is a completely off the wall catwalk he and the villain do in the final act. I watched them ask quite a few times when it came out in 1994 and really never since.  Stanley comes into a mask that essentially turns him into a cartoon character who is usually up to no good. The movie could also have been titled The Cosby because once Stanley gets that mask off him, he forgot everything that happened the night before.  It's... We have a lot of fun here. Mystery Man is about a ragtag group of regular schmos who aspire to be superheroes. They even hold tryouts for more members. Taylor and Macy's The Shoveler are the highlights for me. God gave me a gift. I shovel well. I shovel very well. That's just good writing. I don't care who you are. The team, of course, learns to overcome their faults and find their true power which typically comes from within. Let's conclude. What? We have another round still? You're talking to nobody!  Howard the Duck may be a bad movie, but at least it looks awful. Oh, that didn't cancel out at all. It was on a whole other level of depressing. Shack's armor looks like Fisher Price plastic, complete with a metal diaper. The spirit desperately tries to be Sin City again. It has the black and white. It has the small use of color. It's missing Rod Regas in the director's chair. The Meteor Man and Blank Man look the same. Colorful yet dirty thanks to that early 90s film feel. They only came out a year apart from each other and both featured black superheroes. That on its own is a refreshing change of pace from all these white assholes saving the day now. There's really nothing stand outish about these two films from a visual standpoint outside of some wacky inventions here and there. Mystery Man's not shot in my favorite style. Lots of zany camera angles and really bright coloring. It does work for the picture so it's not really a knock, just a personal preference. I remember when the mask trailer hit and how enamored I was with it. The visuals were next to level stuff. We've seen the techniques in flicks like Space Jam and Who Framed Roger Rabbit, but it was so much more polished here.  All that and the actor always gives 100% in every role he's in. Looking back now, the visuals hold up surprisingly excellent. It has great music too, featuring a nice little dance number by the mask himself and the local police. This scene would go on to spark inspiration for the masterpiece known as 2016's Ghostbuster Answer the Call.  You think I forgot?  Sorry. Since Mystery Man was right on the cusp of the year 2000, it had to have a song by Smash Mouth, as was the requirement for all comedies around that date. Rat Race, Shrek, Orgasmo, Basekidball, Half Baked, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, Me, Myself and Irene, Austin Powers, Goldmember, All Smash Mouthed. There is no reason an episode should go this long when these are the topics and I hate myself more for it. I can't imagine anyone who's not a subscriber has stumbled onto this gem of a video and made it this deep into the episode. But if that's the case and you're interested, vote for your winner. Give me a shout out in the comments and remember, this is more than just reviews, this is Movie Feuds. And there's only one more episode left in the Phase 1 comic book movie brackets and then we can really get things moving. We can really get going. Isn't that right, Trish? Just moving.  I know.