I'm very pleased you're fine. The next item of business is a statement by Michael Russell on Scotland's place in Europe our way forward. The cabinet secretary will take questions at the end of his statement, and so there should be no interventions or interruptions, and I call on Michael Russell. Up to 10 minutes, please, cabinet secretary. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and I'm grateful for the opportunity to update Parliament today on the state of the Brexit negotiations and the steps that the Scottish Government is taking to protect Scotland from the damage that leaving the EU will cause. Let me start by being clear. The premise of all my previous statements to the chamber has been that there are ongoing negotiations of substance and that the UK Government is working towards a plan. I am no longer confident that that is the case. On the withdrawal agreement, which is supposed to be the easier part of the negotiations, it's now clear that UK Government ministers are incapable of reaching agreement, even within their party, on the crucial issue of the Northern Ireland backstop. With just weeks to go before an agreement needs to be signed, the UK Government does not have a coherent or unified position that it can put before the European Union. Bluntly, Presiding Officer, the UK Government has no plan and no plan to get a plan. On the future relationship, which, even if a withdrawal agreement is made, will be subject to probably years of difficult negotiations, again there is no UK Government position worthy of the name. The checkers proposals have been rejected by the EU and are under attack from all sides. It's time to face the reality that without something new and some means of the Tory party setting aside its internecine warfare, then we are heading to a disastrous no deal. But there is, of course, one credible plan on the table. That is the plan from the Scottish Government, which we have been advocating since the publication of the first part of Scotland's Place in Europe in December 2016 and which continues to attract support. On 15 October this year, the Scottish Government published Scotland's Place in Europe Our Way Forward, updating the case if the best solution of staying in the EU is not possible for both the UK and Scotland to remain in the single market and customs union. Later in that week, the European Council broke up without concluding either a withdrawal agreement or a political declaration on the future relationship. We are therefore at the brink of that catastrophic no deal, yet, meanwhile, we have tragedy turning to farce, even in this chamber, with the spectacle of the leader of the Scottish Conservatives and the Secretary of State for Scotland threatening to resign if a Northern Ireland backstop is agreed in case that strengthens the case for Scotland staying in the single market. To go out on the principle that Scotland must be guaranteed a worse deal than that which could be and should be on offer. What this country deserves is a clearly articulated plan. Scotland deserves a plan that is evidence-based and objective, a plan that provides a firm basis for fruitful negotiations with our European partners and, most importantly of all, a plan that will protect jobs, living standards and rights in our society. The Scottish Government has repeatedly and with constantly increasing detail set out just such a plan, one that could and would solve the current impasse in the negotiations providing a basis for compromise. Our plan would remove the political difficulties with the EU and provide a secure foundation for negotiations in the critical coming weeks. It would reassure business as they reluctantly start to make investment decisions detrimental to our collective future. Indeed, the CBI set out as recently as yesterday that business optimism is falling at its fastest rate since the Brexit vote. Let me make clear what is required now. Before leaving, the UK Government needs to secure both an agreement on the terms of withdrawal and a political declaration that provides clarity on the future relationship. Both of which, of course, the Prime Minister said in her Lancaster House speech, would be secured by late 2018. A small number of simple steps would allow for these difficulties to be resolved, simpler steps than the contortions put forward by the Prime Minister on Monday. The UK Government should revise its negotiating position on the future relationship to ensure that the whole of the UK remains within the European single market and customs union. However, if the UK Government rejects that, it could seek an extension to the article 50 period to allow for a consensus to be agreed across the UK, thereby avoiding a hurried and damaging exit. If that proposal was rejected by the UK Government, then the political statement on the future relationship must be sufficiently detailed and any subsequent legislation is sufficiently clear to allow the people of Scotland to understand the impact on their lives of the monumental decision to leave the European Union. The political statement should also provide clearly for an extension of the implementation period if needed. We must not be required to sign up to a blindfold Brexit. Our priority is to avoid the damage of either a no-deal Brexit or that blindfold Brexit in which the UK leads with no detail on the future economic partnership. Both of those outcomes will be disastrous for jobs and living standards. We are clear that the proposals that are made in the so-called checkers agreement will not work, and of course they have already been rejected. Those issues can be resolved, however, through long-term membership of the European single market and customs union, so it is demonstrably wrong to say that there is no alternative to the checkers proposal. It is the UK Government's position that is unsustainable, a position that insists on pursuing proposals that are not acceptable to the EU or it would seem to the House of Commons whilst rejecting a plan that is. There is no reason why our proposals cannot be accepted quickly, but if more time is needed to avoid a no-deal Brexit or a blindfold Brexit, the UK Government should ask for an extension to the article 50 process. That would also allow time for another referendum on EU membership, which is often called the people's vote. The people of Scotland voted to remain, and therefore, if there is an opportunity to ensure that their wishes are respected, it should be taken. If a proposal was brought forward for a vote on the final deal with the option to remain in the EU, the Scottish Government would support it and SNP members of Parliament would vote for it. We must also find a way to ensure that any second referendum does not leave Scotland in the same position as in 2016, voting to stay, but ending up being taken out against our will. As I conclude, let me address three more issues briefly. First, I believe that some have chosen to misrepresent our position on Northern Ireland for their own divisive ends. We have fully and unequivocally backed the Good Friday agreement and supported the invisible border in Ireland, recognising the unique circumstances there. However, we have argued since 2016, well before the backstop was even conceived, that the UK Government should be putting forward a differential deal reflecting our remain vote if the UK would leave the single market. That was and is independent from any Northern Ireland backstop. Our argument is given renewed force this week by the news that not only is such a differentiated deal likely for Northern Ireland, but that the deal has already been agreed for Gibraltar, which maintains its differentiated treatment. It is now clear, contrary to the position of the UK Government in January 2017, that differentiation is not only possible, but actually the sensible way forward to reconcile differences. The truth is that it is only the intransigence of the UK Government that is preventing such a deal for Scotland. Rather than threatening to resign no for securing such a deal, the Conservatives in this chamber and in this country should be fighting tooth and nail, not with each other, but for Scotland, to be given the respect that its voters and their decision deserves. Scotland should not be the only nation or territory that voted to remain within the EU but which does not have the flexibility of a differentiated approach afforded to it. Secondly, let me confirm that intensive work on planning for a no deal is under way and growing in scope. The country legislation is now starting to flow through this Parliament and I am grateful for the work being undertaken by committees on it. Presently that legislation consists of packets of statutory instruments agreed with the UK Government. Specific Scottish statutory instruments will come forward later this year and into the new year. The financial implications for a no deal for a Government and the bodies supported by a Government is being carefully considered and discussion with stakeholders like the ports is being undertaken. Senior officials are in close liaison with the UK Government. I intend to make a further statement to the chamber on the detail of no deal preparations before the end of the year or at the first moment we know that a no deal would be inevitable. However, let me stress, Presiding Officer, that there are problems that will not be able to be overcome if, in the end, the chaos and irresponsibility of the Tories at Westminster leads to a no deal outcome. The fact that they are talking of hiring boats, packing motorways with lorries and stockpiling medicines illustrates the vacuuming leadership in the UK that is resulting in measures unprecedented in peacetime. That cannot be willed away by any of us. Finally, Presiding Officer, let me conclude with two specific commitments. With crucial decisions coming up over the next few weeks, it is vital to break the impasse. A decision to maintain membership of the European Single Market and the Customs Union would both secure withdrawal agreement and provide the clarity needed for future relationship. I can therefore say that if the UK Government puts this option on the table, we will commit ourselves to support it. Without such a proposal, we reject every other option, short of staying in the EU, as all deliver, not progress, but a succession of unacceptable and damaging bad deals are ultimately no deal at all. However, I am also clear that it should not just be voices in Westminster who get to be heard, and especially not those who are determined to ignore the votes of Scotland and sell Scotland very short indeed in terms of our future prosperity. The UK was repeatedly told during the 2014 independence referendum that it must remain a partnership. The UK Government said, lead do not leave, but other Tories say that we are the ones who are leading, we are the ones who are telling you that you are leaving. Your democratic choice does not matter. The Government will never accept the silencing of Scotland, so if a withdrawal agreement and political declaration are in the end concluded and offered to the House of Commons, then we make this commitment. Before the Westminster Parliament votes on that deal, the Scottish Government will seek to ensure that this Parliament can pass its own judgment on it. On this most crucial of matters, Scotland must be and will be heard. Cabinet Secretary, we will now take questions on the issues raised in the statement and I will allow around 20 minutes for that. Can you press your request to speak buttons, please, to anyone who wishes to ask a question? I stress the word question rather than statements, and I call Murdo Fraser. I thank the cabinet secretary for the advance sight of his statement, although there is little in it that we have not heard before. Indeed, all today's statement seems to be another opportunity for yet more grand standing and grievance from a minister who has become a master in both. The cabinet secretary tells us how catastrophic a no-deal scenario would be, but then astonishly goes on to say that SNP MPs would bring on a no-deal scenario by voting against proposals brought forward by the UK Government. That is an irresponsible approach, and will be seen as such by the people of Scotland. It seems extraordinary that we have the cabinet secretary and the Scottish Government who is unable to draw a distinction between arrangements for Gibraltar, a British territory with a tiny population geographically situated thousands of miles away and attached to mainland Spain and the very different situation in both Scotland and Northern Ireland, fully part of the United Kingdom. A differentiated deal for Scotland would put at risk the internal UK market, which is worth four times more to the Scottish economy than trade with the EU, a point that has been made by the likes of Sir David Edward and Lord Kerr, both members of the First Minister's own standing council on Europe. Will the cabinet secretary at last acknowledge the basic fact that maintaining the UK internal market is of far greater importance to the Scottish economy than is the EU single market? Finally, on the issue of the so-called— Please, Mr Fraser. The so-called people's vote is really now the SNP position that all referendums must be rerun until they get the result that they want, or does that only apply to referendums where they are on the losing side? Michael Russell. The one thing that never astonishes me is Mordor Fraser's brass neck. Not so much brass is titanium lined, I have to say. The reason why we are in this situation is because the total and utter incompetence of the Tory party in government at Westminster. Indeed, that incompetence is matched by the extraordinary, extreme, knee-jerk constitutional unionism of the Scottish Tories. They have nothing else to argue for. Meanwhile, Scotland is facing a unique and damaging crisis brought about by the Conservatives, and yet not a word of apology from Mordor Fraser. Instead, he pursues the old arguments and the old chimeras. I think that people like David Edward, I have to say, would be horrified to know that he was being called in evidence by extreme Tories to justify the destruction of the European Union and its institutions to which he has given many years of service. This is the disgraceful approach of the Tories. The reality is that the Tories should hang their heads in shame rather than burble from the sidelines and make things worse for themselves. Neil Findlay. I would like to thank the cabinet secretary for the copy of his statement. The Conservative Party's handling of Brexit has been a disaster, now a matter of months, from the date that the UK is due to leave the EU, and yet no one is any clearer on what has been proposed. The Prime Minister was humiliated at Salksburg and has been repeatedly humiliated by her party. Checkers are dead, and her handling of this entire process has gone from neglect to dark, unfunny slapstick, because there is nothing funny about the stockpiling of foods and medicines. With only a few weeks to go until a deal must be agreed, businesses, communities and their citizens are in the dark about Tory plans. On the very serious issue of the Northern Ireland border, they have no answer. Will we do it? We should have a customs union. That would resolve the problem. We should have single market access. We should protect the rights with secure land that we enjoy. We should have a collaborative and co-operative relationship with our EU neighbours going forward. We should have a deal that respects the nations and regions of the UK, ensuring the security and safety of our citizens. We must have a migration system based on fairness. The Government is right to plan for a no-deal scenario. Indeed, it must plan for that, because that is the very scary prospect that we face. I wonder if the minister would give us a little more detail on what plans have been put in place for that. Those are worrying times. We must keep all options open to keep the maximum political pressure on the Government and the Prime Minister and ensure that that no-deal is completely avoided. Michael Russell Yes, I am happy to give you—I do not want to go into full detail, because I believe that there is presently too much discussion of a no-deal in a way that could make it actually more likely than not. I still think that the momentum is towards it, but I think that we should do everything that we can to hold it back. However, I can say this. Individual cabinet secretaries are now engaged in discussions with me, their stakeholders and where possible, through civil servants and the civil servants south of the border, to scope each of the issues that confront them. I will give you one example that is very concerning. If there is to be a continuation of an export trade in both meat and shellfish, there will require to be inspections undertaken—filer sanitary inspections undertaken. There are simply not enough people to undertake those who are qualified. How can we resolve that question? How can we put in place a system to do so? That is the type of extremely difficult question that is being addressed. I assure the member that, right across the portfolios, those questions are being scoped and are being looked at. Some are capable of resolution. For example, I mentioned ports, it would be conceivable if there was too much pressure on Dover to see that Recythe and Grangemouth, for example, brought into operation, although some major changes would be required. However, there are some, as the one that I have mentioned, which it is very difficult to see how you can put a short-term solution in place. We are scoping, we are working and, as I have said, I will come at the earliest possible moment to this chamber to try to outline further where we are. Can I make a point about customs union and a single market access? Quickly, please, Mr Russell. Sorry? Quickly. I will make a point simply about migration. The migration issue is crucial to Scotland, particularly to rural Scotland. I am shocked that the UK Government is still unable to discuss that in a constructive way with this Government and the Welsh Labour Government. Both Mark Drakeford and I made that point very forcibly at the GMC two weeks ago, and we will go on making it. Can I say that the first two questions have gone well over their allotted time? That has an effect on backbench questions. I would ask backbenchers to be quick to allow their colleagues an opportunity to ask. Joan McAlpine, followed by Maurice Golden. Thank you very much. Yesterday, the leader of the UK Conservatives in the European Parliament caused deep offence when he compared the 200 strong socialists and Democrats MEP group to the Nazis. That comes on the back of the British foreign secretary comparing the EU to the Soviet Union. Does the minister agree with me that the Tories are poisoning the UK's image in Europe and the world and that these narrow-minded British nationalists do not speak for Scotland? Michael Russell. I would agree. If there were further evidence required of that, it would be in the questions from Murdo Fraser. He did not address that as a serious issue. He addressed it from the narrowest partisan point of view, which damages all of us. Maurice Golden, followed by Annabelle Ewing. Thank you. The statement makes clear that a no-deal scenario would be, and I quote, disastrous and indeed terrible for Scotland, given this, why are the SNP both here and Westminster so desperate to vote for a no-deal? Michael Russell. Again, that just shows the problem that the Conservatives have. The reality of the situation is that nobody is desperate to vote for a no-deal. The only people who want a no-deal to take place are colleagues of Mr Golden's, many of them, some of whom are lauded by Scottish Conservative MPs, because a false choice is being presented. It is not a choice between the checkers deal or no deal. I have indicated at some length other choices that exist. If the reality of the situation was addressed by the Conservatives, and there is seriousness of the situation addressed by the Conservatives, they would be responding to that. However, they are in actual fact destroying the prospects of this country with this extremism that we hear. Annabelle Ewing, followed by Jackie Baillie. Presiding Officer, the cabinet secretary mentioned a moment ago the important issue of immigration. I wonder if he could set out what he sees as the specific impacts from the ending of freedom of movement and clarify whether the UK Government has shown any flexibility at all on a differential immigration policy for Scotland? Michael Russell said that the UK Government has shown no flexibility in migration at all. All we hear from the relevant ministers is the parroting of the phrase that says, freedom of movement will end. The impact will be published a variety of information on the impact, so I will not go through it just now, but there will be a very severe impact upon Scotland. Both in terms of flow of EU migrants with Scotland, it is not increasing itself naturally. We need to have migration. There will also be a severe effect as people are frankly turned off from staying in this country by the type of rhetoric that has been encouraged by the Conservatives. Jackie Baillie, followed by Patrick Harvie. The cabinet secretary rightly in my view recognises how disastrous a no-deal Brexit would be. Many would say that it is all disastrous whether there is a deal or not, but I do want to ask him this and it is something that troubles many people. If the UK Government brings a deal to Parliament, which might not be everything that we want, will SNP MPs vote for it because it is better than no deal at all? Michael Russell said that the only deal that would be possible that is acceptable beyond staying in the EU would be a single market and customs union deal. Now, I do not want to equivocate on this because the reality of the situation is that there are elements of the single market and customs union deal that you would have to look at closely. I know that the member appreciates this. Freedom of movement, for example, of four freedoms are absolutely essential in those matters. I have made it clear that a single market and customs union deal, one containing the important elements of the single market and customs union, is conceivable as something that could go forward. However, I am immensely resistant to the argument that the only choice is between checkers, which has already been rejected by the EU, and no deal. That is not a realistic choice, it is a false choice. It should not be put in a way that says, choose one or the other, because neither are acceptable. However, nobody wants to see a no deal, and the no deal that appears to be hurtling towards us is not because of the SNP, it is not because of Labour, it is because of the Conservatives, it is because of the two factions in the Conservatives, one of which, once the no deal, though that is unbelievable that there are people like that, but one of them wants a new deal, but the second faction is so incompetent that they cannot get a deal. That is what we are faced with, but we should not accept the false dichotomy that is presented by the Conservatives. I ask you, please, Mr Fraser, to stop muttering that is becoming very annoying in my right ear constantly. Patrick Harvie, followed by Tavish Scott. On the point of the people's vote, the minister says that we should find a way to ensure that Scotland is not left in the same position again, voting to remain but being taken out against our will. I agree that that would be preferable, but can I ask him if, as it seems likely, some kind of four-nation lock proves politically impossible to achieve, that should not stand in the way of a people's vote, that should not stand in the way of giving the public the opportunity to do what Westminster parties won't do, cancel Brexit and stop this mess? I'm certainly not going to give away my desire to make sure that Scotland is not protected in those circumstances, but we have been clear and we remain clear that the SNP MPs will vote for a people's vote, and I think that that is unequivocal. We will vote for a people's vote. I see a people's vote, Presiding Officer, not as a second chance, but as a verdict upon the Tory's stewardship of Brexit, and it would be a savage verdict. Tavish Scott, followed by Emma Harper. I thank the cabinet secretary for the statement in advance. Does he accept the principle of extending the transition period that the European Union proposed last week? Secondly, when and if there is no deal in March of next year, salmon, white fish and mussels will be on the high seas from Lerwick to Aberdeen, which will be due to be in France by the next morning, what in heaven's name is going to happen to those businesses? Michael Russell. The member knows that there will be live angustine from the village of Tarbot in Argyll and other shellfish and other material that will be on the way, too. That is the question, and presently there is no answer to that, because there aren't enough phylo sanitary inspectors to deal with those inspections, nor is there any guarantee that the goods will be accepted. Although no deal papers from the UK Government say that material can come in without a check, that will not solve the problem that we are talking about. The material coming in without a check will be open to fraud, undoubtedly. That is a highly unsatisfactory situation, and I simply don't know the answer, neither does the UK Government. That is a measure of the incompetence of those people. In terms of transition, if transition is required, then clearly there should be longer transition. It is interesting that the argument over transition has gone on for two years, at all the time people have said that you will need more than 21 months. It started with David Davis saying that there would be no transition. I remember him saying it to me in October 2016 in Glasgow. Now, of course, they move to transition of 21 months, and now they are talking about transition possibly up until the end of 2021 or beyond. However, it has to be for something. It cannot be, and that is absolutely clear, it cannot be instead of the backstop. If that is what Theresa May is proposing, it appears to be in the bizarre statement that she made on Monday, then it won't fly. Emma Harper, followed by Liam Kerr. Has the Scottish Government had any indication from the EU that it is prepared to accept the argument from the UK Government that the Northern Ireland backstop should be temporary, as that may impact any movement through the Cairnryan port, which is in my South Scotland region? Michael Russell? No. There is no question of the backstop being temporary. That is entirely clear, and both sides will indicate that. The solution has to be found by the Prime Minister moving from that position. The Scottish Conservative party has been making some of the loudest noises on that, which has determined that Scotland should do as badly as possible out of any deal. Liam Kerr, followed by Maureen Watt. Just over one hour ago, John Swinney was telling the chamber why he will ignore its vote on P1 testing. So can the cabinet secretary tell me what effect, if any, a vote on the final EU deal in this Parliament would have, or does the Scottish Government think that votes in this Parliament should be heeded only by others? Michael Russell? I think that it would be inconceivable if this Parliament did not have the opportunity to say what it thought about the issue. If the Tories think that it should not, then one must ask why the Tories are bothering to be elected here. Maureen Watt, followed by Pauline McNeill. Can the cabinet secretary say whether he has had any indication from the UK Government over how he intends to ensure access to European markets for the fresh fish processed in my constituency and elsewhere, and whether, in order to avoid damage to this product and transport due to the forecast lengthy waits at the channel ports, whether he will have these talks as a matter of urgency, as Angus MacDonald and I have both said, with the ferry companies to divert at least one ferry to use the recife Zeebruker route? Michael Russell? I am sympathetic to the issue of direct transport from Scotland to and from the EU. I hope that that can be arranged, but there are difficulties and so doing, and there have been difficulties in securing that route. However, I would be keen to continue to do so. I am sure that my colleague and cabinet secretary for transport will wish to look at that, too, and I shall discuss it with him. The point that the member raises about fish is exactly the point that Tavish Scott has raised, that I have raised, that others have raised. It is one that requires a solution, but presently there is no solution to it. That is the conundrum of the whole issue of no deal. There are matters in there that are simply not capable of solution, at least in the medium term, possibly even in the long term. Pauline McNeill, if she is quick, I will manage to get Willie Coffey into. What demands will the Scottish Government make for a differentiated settlement? More importantly, notwithstanding what the minister said, when will he set out what a no deal actually means to the people of Scotland? I think that they are entitled to know that, and, as he agreed with me, we should not contemplate a no deal on any terms. Yes, I do. I think that you could ask for an extension of article 50, as I said before, if you cannot get to the stage of getting an agreement and say that no deal is an impossibility. We have been arguing that for several months. Regrettably, that is not where the UK Government has found itself. In terms of differentiation, I think that we have indicated from the very beginning how we see a differentiated solution operating and will continue to do so. I think that the issue now is, as I indicated in my statement, that we are essentially the only territory or nation in the UK that voted to say that is not being offered differentiation. That is both unjust but also damaging, because there are issues such as migration in which we absolutely require differentiation. The solutions being provided for the UK are not solutions that could possibly work for us. In terms of information, no deal, I have indicated my timetable for that. I will do the best that I can, but I do not want to stoke it. The last question is from Willie Coffey. Thank you very much. The Secretary of State for Northern Ireland said on Monday at the British Irish Parliamentary Assembly that our Government wanted an EU deal that works for Scotland. When I asked her who was best to determine what works for Scotland, she said that that would be the UK Parliament. Does the cabinet secretary agree with me that this sums up the attitude of the Tories to Scotland and that it is the Scottish Parliament that is best placed to decide what is best for Scotland? Michael Russell How could I possibly disagree with that? That concludes questions. On the minister's statement, we will move on to the next item of business.


In this module we will talk about microbial growth kinetics that is the continuation of the second chapter of fermentation as we know that fermentation is the mass culturing of the organism especially microorganism for the sake of any desired product. So when there is a mass culture then there is a growth. So in this chapter and in the different modules we will talk about that what kind of the changes occur during the mass culturing. So first we should know about what is the growth. Growth is a very simple term that refers to any change in the state in term of number, size, volume or in any sense. So in term of microbial growth basically the growth is the ratio between the birth and the death. So as concern the growth kinetics so as we know that the growth is the ratio between the birth and the death and the kinetics is the growth with respect to the time. How it change with respect to the time? So in short we can say that change in number of the cells change in the size of the cells with respect to time. So when we talk about the change with respect to time then in short we are talking about the microbial or a growth kinetics. As concern the growth kinetics keep in mind the growth the growth is further divided into 4 different phases in general talk. Lag phase, log or exponential phase, stationary phase, death or we can say decline phase as I already told you that the growth is the ratio between birth B and the death D. So as concern the lag phase when the ratio between birth and the death will be 0 then we called as lag phase but when it more than 1 then the growth will be in a log or exponential phase but when this ratio become 1 and then it can be called as stationary phase. But when this ratio decrease than 1 it mean death increase than the birth then that we refer to as decline phase. So in next slides we will talk about all these phases in detail. As concern the lag phase, lag phase is the period of adaptation for the cells to their new environment. So in the start when we inoculate the fermenting vessel in the start time the cells try to accumulate acclimatize in the new environment and then there is no increase in the cell number. So no change in the number but they can change in their volume a little bit we can say that there is a change in the cell mass. So as concern the log phase or exponential phase in this phase the cells have adjusted to their new environment because they have already adjusted their environment in the lag phase then they are ready to multiply. We know that when we talk about the cell cycle then there is the need of some cell constituents before division. So when there is a M stage so when we talk about the log phase or exponential phase then all the cells are ready to go in M stage which we can the cell can be divided either mitotically or meotically. So in this phase the cell have adjusted their new environment and they are ready to multiply exponentially. So this can also be called as balanced growth in which all the component of the cell grow at the same time. So the growth rate is independent of the new trends. So in this amount in this phase almost all the new trends are in excess amount. So the fourth stage which we called as third stage which we called as stationary phase with the exhaustion of the new trends because when there is exponential phase then there is the maximum utilization of the sub state but during this process when there is any deficiency in the nutrients then there is effect on the birth or in the mitotical regions of the cells. So then there is a stage when we can say that the ratio between the birth and the death become equal. So at that stage we can call as the stationary phase. So in this stage cells remain active their metabolism is mostly active but this is the stage when their secondary metabolites are produced. In this diagram you can say the different phases lag phase which we called as the first stage and then is the exponential phase and then a stationary phase and the last when we say this is a decline phase. In the next slide we will see that what is the decline phase. So the decline phase in which the living organism population decrease with time due to the lack of the nutrient either by some toxic secretion secreted by the cell itself. So as I have already told that in the decline phase the death rate exceed from the birth rate.


Check it, check it, check it, it's a unique hustle, it's your boy E-C-E-O and I'm here with the lovely, amazing official Miss Jamaica. What's going on? None, none, none, you know my dad? Hey man, so how you doing? Blast. Man, truly blessed, right? Truly, truly blessed.  We hear a man say, man, we got a special guest in the house today, man. This guy don't really need an introduction.  And God has a tendency to snatch people out of the fire, you know what I'm saying? And it's just so many times, we don't recognize it until after we look back over our life and we see where we came from and where we at now, we was like, man, how did we make it this far, man? Real talk. My guy Jay Holland is in the building. Hey man, I just want to say, man, much shout out to my bro, man.   And we refuse to ever get in this lifetime, settle for less. Hey man, I agree with that, man. The thing I know, man, is when I heard this, you know, it's, we going to get into it deep. But I always wonder when that boy, Big Tuck said, my nigga Jay had the Jag looking tight. I didn't know who Jay was, but I believe that nigga. Man, but I just thank you, man, for coming on the show, man.  You know what I'm saying?  Like we have battle scars. And when God bring you this far and you still here to talk about it. See, a lot of our friends, man, at 35, you start seeing a lot of funerals, man. You from 35 on out, you feel, we going to one this weekend. It's funeral after funeral. You have to be prayed up. And a lot of people not really ready for that mentally. So a lot of times people are fighting a battle just to make it through.  You know what I'm saying? Thank you, Jay, for coming on, man. Man, it's my pleasure, man, for real, for real. You know, you can always tell when you're around a good aura.  And that good energy is what we need. Because, you know, negative is going to subtract, and positive energy is going to add to it. Man, you talk about it. But as they say, you can't have one without the other. Yep. Then you ain't to the young. Man, I just, you know me, man. I would let you come in on this part, man, and break it down to try to get that research so we can start from the beginning, right? Yeah, yeah. We want to take it back way back. Oh, really? We want to know how was it like growing up, where you were growing up? How you started off?  But we develop into someone else as time goes on because of influence, whether your environment, whether people, I mean, just anything. So I wanted to know how you were raised, your mom, dad, community, the whole works. Okay. Well, basically I was with them. You know, I can't say my childhood was all bad. I was raised by a lot of real old G's.   And the four uncles, each one of them was a different dude. One was a pimp and a gambler. One was a straight up killer. That dude didn't play. Knocked out all of us in the killer. The other uncle, he was a cunt on us in the thief. I've been there. I know where you're at with that one. And the last uncle was a military. You know, he was actually a straight shooter. You know, he didn't do nothing under the table. He was all on top of the table. But each one of them gave me a different aspect of life. You know, but one thing I would guarantee, they never told me nothing wrong. They told me the best today knowledge. Wow. Yeah, man. And one thing about it, man, is the OGs and the older people that were before us, they had a different set of rules, man. They did. They didn't go by the same thing we went by. It was a G code. It was a G code. And it gets so deep because a lot of times when you start going back so far, and I'm a country cat. So you go back to foottubs and washboards. Yes, sir. I know about that. You go back to a place where when you put your clothes in a washer, the washer might not work the whole time. You have to put your hand on a stick in there to get it to go. And then once you get it to go on real good. Put your clothes on. Before you do that, though, they had this thing that you pull it through. Oh, that looks delicious. Yeah, that looks delicious. That looks delicious. Yeah. So, and that was a time where you built integrity with the kids. People don't talk about this no more. No, they don't, man. But this was a different type of way. If we had some of those same machines today, some of our young men would be in a lot different space, bro. Oh, yeah. You know what I'm saying? Got an iron that you didn't have to plug in. You put it on a hot stove. On a hot stove, yeah. And then you press it out like that. And it was heavy as hell, too. I remember. I had one. I had one. I remember. Did you? I had one. Man, and I think about those times. Kerosene lamps, all type of stuff that people don't really experience. Where my grandmother stayed, to this day there's still not no electricity down at the old home place. It never made it all the way down. We had high lines that went through, but the electricity stopped at Aimee Lee House, man. Shout out to my cousin, Charles Rambo, man. Shout out to him. See, we done Rambo down in the country. And basically what would happen is we go up to Aimee Lee House to watch TV because we didn't have one. And we'd have to walk up the road almost about a mile and then peep through the windows and try to have a good time like that, then walk home before we get too dark. Man, I can remember that, you know. Because see, I really had the best of both worlds, like I can see y'all had, too. I had a life that I had in the city. Yeah. But every summer, they sent us to the country. Okay. And that's where I learned how to actually become a real, to me, to become a real man down there. What part? Louisiana. Hey, that's it. What part of Louisiana? Man, I'm going to tell you, have you ever heard of Manny? Manny. What is it by? I think the closest one to be Pleasant Hill. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Pleasant Hill.  They go by fast, man. Yeah, they do. Then 49, as we went to New Orleans, we had to go through that route. And what I liked about there, because the uncles out there, they taught me different stuff like, hey, look here, we're going to teach you how to plant seeds. You're going to go out here in this field, you're going to plant seeds. And you know, then we're going to come through, we're going to till the ground. Then we're going to water it. We're going to learn how to feed horses. You're going to learn how to feed chickens. You know, how to feed the pigs slop. It was a whole lot of stuff that I learned out there. Basically, survival skills. Like if the grid went off right now, they're going to know how to survive down there. And you keep talking about your uncles. So where was your dad during all this time? He was living his best life, you know. I mean, we cool now, you know. So as a child, you didn't know him or he was just not a part of your life? I knew him. Like I used to see him pass by and convertibles, you know, you know, hanging out with the people he was with. And I used to be like, hey, mom, you said that's my dad, right? She's like, yeah, I'm something to go speak to him. She'll grab me by my ear. She'll say, hey, if he want to talk to you, he know where you at. Oh, okay. So you didn't get to talk to him? No. How old were you when you spoke to him for the first time? You know, that was when my football career was going real good. And I was all in the paper, so he was kind of, you know, like that kind of, I don't want him tired of pairing moves. Yeah, I was just about to say that, where he came, what was that movie called, where he came there whenever he was getting a... They had that other guy that was really a basketball player. Terry Fox. Yeah, Terry. Exactly. That was a good movie. And then the boy ended up getting shot, didn't he? Yeah. He had some good parts in there, man. So did you, what did you say to him and what did he say to you? I was like, based on something like, where you been, man?  And he was like, well, you know, you know, everybody had a different version. So sometimes, you know, it's day version, this person version. And the truth. And the truth. So, you know how they go. And, but y'all are good now. You built that relationship. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.  But I definitely, you know, I'll get him some of these. That's my part. We good. We cool. So you have children of your own? Yes, ma'am. And you're compensating for? Of course. And I had actually had one of my dolls. I've talked about this earlier. She said, Dad, I think you kind of messed us up. I said, how's that?  She said, you should have whipped us more and gave us less. Wow. That's that's dope, man. A lot of people fall in that trap, though, because they didn't have so they overcompensate. But what they didn't have thinking that that's what their children need, but it's not always. And it's not my mom. So I never forget one day I was going to go drop off like $500,000.  And she said, when you spend some time with them, I said, well, I got a I got a grind. I got to, you know, I got to provide for them.  And I thought about, she said, like they need you. They need that time. Throw a ball around with them. And at the time, I won't really listen to them. But as you get older and they get grown, you'd be like, wow.  But didn't you say your dad used to ride by in certain cars? So did you see yourself somewhat in your dad as you grew older? You know what I mean? You see what I'm saying? Yeah. Me and him born on the same day. We both born on April 10. Wow. And mama said she tried to hold me in. She did not want me to be born on this birthday. I love it. Like, I'm not going to give him that. No, but it's so crazy because then your dad didn't spend that time with you because he was always moving and shaking. But you turn around and you didn't spend that time with your family. You're out there grinding and hustling for them. But when I think about someone overcompensating, I would think that they're overcompensating because I didn't get that time with my father.  I would think that's the way. I mean, but in my case, it was more like, I didn't have no financial support. So I was the kid that had one pair of pants and three shirts for the whole year. That's how you try to do it. So I was like, I'd rather bust my tail and so they won't be the outcast.  And at least I want to do that. And I know I won't be you know, I can sit back and love on them all day, but love at that time, I know like love, I'm going to pay no bills. Love, I'm going to get them everything they need. Love, I'm going to pay for, you know, the lessons they need to go to this and go to that and football and, you know, different stuff they needed. Wow. Just just when you was coming up, let's get to like, how did you end up in the streets? Like just the whole street category of just, you know, the hustle mentality? How did they come about? You know what I mean? I ain't going to lie to you. I used to really be like a say no to drugs type care.  You know, I was just, I was on the program. I was on the Hamster Wheel. I hate work. You can get it if you work, you know, type person. I did it before I go with it further. That's what, that's what my boy Drake came out.  But then the next album is chronic. Yeah. You get the money had switched. Yeah. So the mentality was like, dang, we got to try to figure this out. Now everybody go, it's cool to put a big old marijuana leaf on here. Now it was say no to drug campaign. Yeah. And I'm going to tell you about how that goes. See our ego is our worst amigo. Wow. Especially when it comes to us men. Wars were started behind egos, behind this woman liking you but she don't like me. And I never forget and I don't want to do too much cuss but I never forget I watched a video one time a white lady asked Luther Campbell, Uncle Luke. She said, what is the difference between a B and somebody who screw everybody?  So so and so what happened to where you seen yourself sparring out of control, you know, to where you in the street life, you know, to where where you hit that bump where you knew, you know, it was heavy but then a lot of people were dependent on you.  It's been on your position and I was a quarterback. So I don't know if I got my whole team lost. Yeah. So it was like, I took on all that pressure and it's like, I really started off.  It, he was, I used to see, I used to drive him to go do what he do. Make it drop.  I say, so what is that right there? He say, this is what I smoke. I said, okay, what did you pay for that? He say, I pay 50 bucks. I said, okay, what are the little bitty pieces?  So I counted them. I said, so that's like 120.  So you spent all the drugs and stuff went out the door for me. I'm like, say, man, this is some profit. Yeah. And for I knew it, man, it's like, I heard a biggie saying one of the songs. They say, I've been in this game for years. He said it made me an animal.   I got greedy and I was out of control. I wanted to make up for everything I didn't get as a kid. I tried to make it up. Yeah. Yeah. Being that part person that uncle, that our stories are so similar, man. You know, we've seen these guys back in the days, some of them that was in the south, the Lonnie Sounders, R.I.P. the Lonnie Sounders, man. R.I.P. You know, different people that I knew back in the day had a son named Bobcat, Bobcat still around. Yeah. But at any rate, well, you know, you would see these cats coming three, four Cadillacs to the country.  But during the time we talking about our hip hop, our entrepreneur spirit came through drugs. Yeah. And so we was able to hustle and make ends meet. Like you had never heard of somebody hiding eight and 10,000 and getting up to 10 million. And nobody ain't seen this count of money. And when you do this and then everybody else around, they thank you to man.  So it's like going from you know, you been to do the there's washing dishes to the do owning the whole building. So it's like a, you know, it's a sense of power, you know, and sometimes, you know, what I didn't learn, I didn't know then that I know now with a lot of power come a lot of responsibility.  And you listen to that music. Man, man, I'm gonna listen to that scarf. I start a small time.  Yeah. Once upon a time in the project, yo, I damn near had a record. Oh, yeah. Knocked on the door. Who is it? As I do come to pay a little visit to you. You're on top of what's up with them?  And you start living it. Then you start living it. We saw it. So it has a lot to do with how you Of course. Yeah.  You know, I'm not going to lie that music was influenced. Yeah. And it still I'm not going to say that it made me do that, but it just give you that like, man, man, I want this. I want this. I want this.  And it would mellow you out. It did. People don't realize this whole music was a roller coaster ride. It sure was. You could ride with a Luke and you didn't think about no drug and you were thinking about getting a woman. You did what I'm saying. So the only different phases was some of them was good, some of them was bad, but all of them was being a young person coming up in this necessary. And also the same dudes that, you know, you listen to face and they also kept me close to God. That's it. He always, he was very special. I never seen a man cry till I seen a man die. You know, it was stuff like that that would put things. So, and that was a different type of music. Because today's music is not like that. It's more, it's more everything you gotta, you gotta, you stepping. Yeah. You outside. Yeah. You see what I'm saying. So it's a whole different time. And, but then there are some artists out there but they over saturate the market with the other stuff to where you have to get to it. Yeah. To get to it. Yeah. So just, when you, because I see the necklace is this Shice House. Yes sir. Shice House. What, what, before you get into that with being, doing what you did, what changed your life? What made you stop? Because really, I had to be intact. I was like, I'm going to do this till I get killed. Right. Which mostly 90% of them. A thousand years, whichever one came first, I was like, I'm going to leave it up. Okay.  Send a lot of dudes. I got an arm full of tattoos of dudes I used to run with on a daily. You look up and these people start disappearing. And then you start thinking, I could have changed a lot of this had I been a better influence. You know, then you start seeing these kids and I'd never forget one time it was a dude. He used to bring his daughter with him, you know, it hit my heart. Because he dragged this little girl with him all the time. Do you remember how old she was at that time? She had to be about four or three. Okay.  And that's BS. It's on you. If you have a chance to do something, you need to do it. When God puts something on your heart, you better follow it. Otherwise, he going to punish you. This is your last time, dog.   You all that girl got. I said, man, this is it. I said, if I even think I heard about you being in the world, I'm going to do something to you. Man, they do my right hand. The dude got a job, working for the city, cleaned himself up. The daughter graduated from school. And that, and that, that's amazing because if you didn't do that, you never know where that little girl would have ended up. Yeah. You know, he might still have passed away if you don't know, but she might have ended up in a worse situation because a lot of time we don't live our life for ourselves. We live it for others, for our kids. You know what I mean? You pass it on to other generations. That's really how we should live our lives. You just reminded me of another story. I remember I was at a McDonald's one, the same Jack Tuck folks. So I remember pulling up to a McDonald's, me and some of my dudes and we going and we are in some and the little youngster was like, wow, that's your car? I'm like, yeah. So they run outside looking at it. They said, sir, can we take pictures of your car? I said, go ahead. I ain't tripping. They went to the, well, that's back when they had to dispose of the camera. They ran the acres or somewhere. I don't know what one of them place came back taking pictures and all that. And I never get one of them was like, man, I don't like this. And then some just click. No, that's why I call that God that it hit.  What you talking about? Man, I said, what grade y'all in? We juniors. I said, look, I'm going to put you down. I'm going to put you on that flow. If I catch y'all out in these streets, I'm going to beat y'all down. I'm going to have whoever I'm with beat y'all down.  They were like, but how? I said, no, you keep working. Well, I said, oh, that's it. If y'all work up her, that's y'all out. Then they were like, they were so scared.  And I ain't seen them.  Like y'all know, but yeah, they ain't been out here. I was at a restaurant one day. This was around the time when all that shooting was going on with the police down there. And I never get done.  And I seen them looking at the car. They come in.  I see them kind of looking. I said, here we go. I said, here we go. So I'm trying to ignore them.  So they get their food. And I see them tapping the other officer, pointing at me. I'm like, here we go. Here we go. Then you walk over, they say, I'm sorry, I'm being disturbed. I said, but what are you doing, did you just have an orange jaguar? I'm like, here we go. I said, yeah, why, what's up? He said, you remember me and my partner right here? I said, no, I remember y'all. He said, we used to work at their McDonald's. Wow. And he said, man, we just want to let you know, man, that talk, you scared us so straight that we were like, we're going to be on the other side of this. I just do scared us straight. Wow. And he was like, we just want you to know, I know it's a lot of bad cops out here. He said, but we, he said, pray for us, man, because that shooting, all this stuff was just gone. I say, all right, man.  They remember you. Yeah. I said, God bless y'all. Y'all be good, man. He was like, all ready. How did that make you feel? It was a different kind of feeling.  You didn't expect it. I didn't expect that. God is something else, isn't he? He is. But let me ask you this, man, you spoke on the Jag looking tight. This verse that we hear so much. This song in Dallas is crazy on that south side of the realest. And when he put you in that verse like that, did you know that was coming? Or did you see that coming? Were your friends with him? Oh yeah. That was my boy. You know what I'm saying? But did you see that coming? He told me he was going to put a lot of us in the song because he was writing. I mean, I was right there when he first started writing it. Okay. And then he was like, he was letting me hurt. He was rapping over the Tupac beat. Oh yeah. That's tight. I think a lot. I didn't think it was going to be like it is now. But it did. But so he was sitting there. How did you and Big Tug end up? We stayed on the Science Street and I'm going to give you some history about. Okay. I want to hear about that. About the mean Eugene. You know, he said moving dies on the mean Eugene. Eugene, yeah. Let me tell you about Eugene Street. Three music people came off Eugene Street. Me, him and the blind Ray Charles. Okay. He has a house on Eugene Street. It's going to be a historical movie. Really? Yeah. You're talking about the Ray Charles vision. You can Google it right now and say South Dallas house, the Ray Charles grew up in you. It's in South Dallas? It's in South Dallas. That was cut out the movie.  Serious. It was a heart attack. How the heck did they cut that out? And how could they miss that? Who knows, man? But you Google it, you're going to see it. That house is going to be a gray looking house going to pull up on the corner. And so, and that was Eugene Street. So, and he was much older than you. And when did you find out that that was even a part of the history? I can't even remember. I mean, matter of fact, my pops and them, they were like, say, we grew up, but I thought it was drunk, maybe making up some stories, you know. My auntie was like, I used to be teaching the piano lessons. I got two twins. Really? And one of them said, I used to teach them, you know, piano stuff. They went live. That's crazy. I did my research, and I was like, damn, they telling the truth. Wow, man. So when you look back on the history where you and Big Tuck and him was together and this was going on. So he already was signed to no, not yet. He was just, he was in the processes of getting all that done. And it's like, he really was my actual first artist. Really? So he was your first artist on Shice House. He was my actual first artist. Really? Yeah. And we, matter of fact, we were the second CD that the definition DJ, DJ drop put out. Really? I ain't know that. Mixed Tape. And so, how did, okay. And so you, he was, how did y'all meet? We had to, we grew up on the same street. Yeah, I don't know what I'm saying, but you, you seeing him as a kid, because you older than Big Tuck, right? So they, they just came, how led me and they was like, hey, J, you know, help us to the game, you know. So I started helping them to the game, you know, and we had some, we had some ties, man. Ain't a lot of men tug out so many experiences, man. They're gonna be rolling. He can't come now without you. All right. But, but you know, I just look at, like I said, that's, that's how I knew J. I never knew who J was to the day we met, but I always knew that from like, damn, J must have had a nice car. You know what I'm saying? And he pretty much was, he's seen that evidently on that street when he was there. You know, and that's what stuck out to him. Yeah, he's always gonna swoop. Man, that was my boy, yeah. Plenty of times. Plenty of times. Man, that's dope, man. We rode out of town. We were, man, we just sat up on the floor to turn, man, we took that Jag all the way out of town. For real? Yeah. So, and that's the part that people don't understand. That's the part of music that you love, that it sets a staple in history. Yeah. You didn't know it was gonna be that big of a song, but that song is like the main song in Dallas right now. Like when you think of Dallas, that Tum Tum, nigga, I'm from Dallas. Yeah. And that Old Cliff, that's my hood. There are staple songs that, even I like that Dunn, Chief, the one where, where it, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, Dunn, That's it. That's it's a staple that almost reminds me at first when I started the glance. I thought of switcher house That's the first thing I thought of really. Why did you come up with that? Look, you know what? I'm gonna be honest with you was like I wanted to be like reading the skeleton head was to represent You know like caution and also represent the bear essence.  Yeah, you don't say now everywhere we present ourselves or is our house So I was like the reason why I call it shots.  Yeah, so check that shite at the dope take that two-face off Come into your bear essence into my house. Wow. I want to ask you about about The like you a little bit ago. We talked off-screen about your health I'm afraid I that's always gonna get into that but I had one more question to ask Cuz you're telling all these stories of different people you've met out of curiosity cuz I have to ask this question Have you ever met Pimsy? Yeah, well, I'm for them. Whoa, that's it girl There you go, man, now you're learning you learn in the game man. That's all right right now I'm a big Pimsy fan. So yeah, you got something on that. I got to get that for the awesome history with that We were actually related to Pimsy and I didn't even know it when he was alive cuz you said you go to Louisiana Yeah, and that's what our family last night the main family when we had a family unit is called the butlers Okay, a bunch of yellow, you know, this yellow dog, but they all realize again, and they you know, they're real sad See, you know, you know, so that's our family last night our main family we come from is the butlers And Pimsy dad may he rest in peace as well, you know pop see me and snake We was like this with that was like our pop we kind of pop man. That was our pop Okay, and before he passed he left me a snake a lot of You know stuff too, man, you know, that was pimp dad man. He's tell us so many stories about pimp Yeah, did you actually ever meet? You know, I did but when I met him, you know, I didn't know You know all on the one time.  I mean what they say He wiped his eyes. He said Yeah, he's like there and they gotta take a second take. I thought you was pimp.  Oh, yeah, but you know at the time I'm not knowing I was making a paper trail, right, which wouldn't And also I say like this bottom rollies and you know, yeah, I mean 50 Really, you know, we really was trippin, but you know, it was a competition. Yeah, I remember her JZ say One is jams and they said we ate each other's throat for the love of these foreign cars So it's like it was a competition out here. See there it is again. The music have a lot to do with it Yeah, so I heard that the money and the things they go get some more money I ain't gonna lie man when and it's just being a wonder from back in those days the names you would hear You know, you guys are these the eyes of staples the Ray Charles is and the Mexican roses and kennel homes and All these you're all these different folks man. The history of the streets people don't really you could write a book about it Okay, whether K5 K max. Yeah, I'm calling some names now You know I'm saying just the real streets You know what I'm saying and and a lot of people talk about it But they really never really got in the midst of and it was out there in it It's a different time period, bro Yeah, when you come from a place where you had no I didn't have no buffer. I'll go anywhere and do anything So that make you different at the time that we came up Yeah, what no hood that I wouldn't go in and I'm she knows I'm like that now when I go to Chicago wherever I just look at it as these my people. So I always go to every hood, you know, I'm saying it don't matter I'm in Vegas. I'm on the West Side. You know, that's how I am Where we go it's different now because you have a family so when you're young and you have nobody you don't care about nobody So you go places that you like you don't care about the consequences or whatever But when you're with family you moving with family you take certain precautions like yeah, I'm gonna go down here But it just depends on how it look if I'm gonna stay down here correct So it just depends but then another thing also is we walk by faith now So yeah at the end of the day we going with a difference We running around trying to figure out ways to be a blessing to somebody and not a cursing your nose days You like a guy might ride from Dallas and I this is something you might ride from Dallas to Houston and You got it on your mind. You got it. You like if the law stopped me I'm gonna have to do what I got to do.  It's me or them. Yeah, and at the end of the day, hopefully they don't stop me Yeah, and this was a mindset that that that you have with you in the streets Yeah, a lot of people still have the mindset right now and I pray for a man because we have to pray for him I'm taste this old sense of fooling everything. You got a song part. Yeah, including your life.  Yeah, and then this hit you. How was that? How did you gain all that weight though? You know what? And how old were you?  Yeah, you know, you I went into my own state of depression.  How many pounds were you? 510 pounds 510 pounds coming from how much you how much were you before? Yeah before that plop up to 62 70 somewhere. So you doubled your weight. Oh, yeah And and when you when did you when did it? When did your health fail? Like as you got bigger? Well, how long was it before your health?  That's the way I'm you know, I'm being cracking jokes Then I'll never forget one day Coming from gambling me in my me and my lady friend at the time And I like him if she was like she was a nerd so she was like she knew she's a dude You need to go to the hospital.  She said no you're going now So really she said my life because I was gonna sleep without them doctor if I would not walk up I wouldn't walk up because I my body was completely Contaminated with whatever there was a lot getting I had sleep apnea all you know I couldn't stay awake from drinking all that serve and Couldn't stay awake, you know, so how long were you that wait for before that actually hit like how many years? Were you fire I plow was coasting about about a good two years with your years? Okay, and so when you went to the doctor, how long did you stay in the hospital before you could be released? I put about a two-year stint and I'll kind of rehab and everything close to yours, man So it basically it took you that long to get down there. How many pounds did you lose? I went from 522 how much right now I'm at about 285. Okay, so Wearing nobody know when I got out actually got out the house, but I was still about 400 so you still lost at least you lost So, huh? Yeah, that's a lot to lose. Yeah, so they started you off on a diet in the hospital Mm-hmm, and then that then they kind of went from there because I couldn't walk talk eat a drink They told me yeah, how much better was it though? Go ahead.   Basically, I was so fat. I was suffocating my organs So when you would walk you had to walk on a walker. You had a four-legged walker I went from the four-legged walker to a cane eventually But I couldn't even with a walk nothing I didn't like to walk from from my house enough from where I was at the bed to the doles of Marathon And did you have your children at this time? Uh-huh. How did your children feel about this?  Yeah No reality. I was out of control Wow And and just a that's a dope story because to see you where you at now and where you came from man That's extraordinary that somebody can do it. I see it on TV But I really never met somebody that actually was able to drop down like that from a 500 pounds all the way back How hard was it? Oh, I'm still battling. You know, I'm still in the process of fighting with it now But uh, but I'm gonna tell y'all this what's the biggest challenge in doing it Changing the eating habits more than anything changing the whole lifestyle where you start working out now instead of just I'm just gonna go out And eat or I'm gonna go to sleep. Oh, I'll do that no more. I see your gym pigeon You sent me a couple of months of that boy getting to it. He ain't playin cuz I would think that after a certain amount of Time of eating a certain way that you get used to it and not really want the bad food anymore I still wanted the bad food but the more and more I've been weighing myself off of it now Like during the vegan options, they got some good vegan out here now So you can do it just like I know I've been I've been hitting the same cofa You know, that was one of the first vegan and the five-star grill in South Dallas. He has a vegan option That's very good.   Yeah, you know, these are things that tells us with him You more than a conqueror. Yeah, these things make you motivated to try to be the best You you can be and I think a lot of times people don't really digest the scriptures like they should when you believe Everybody not a believer, but when you are and you say you believe in God Then you have to start to create this lifestyle that complements what you read Yeah, you're showing them what you're preaching. That's right practice with a pretty yeah But I wanted to know like after you came out cuz when you're in the hospital, you're even what they give you Yeah, you know, it's easier. I said have food stuck in every night But then once you got out though, did you have to have support did you have to who was there for? You to help, you know chair you on to know man, I had my lady friend.  Wow, man. Thank you so much man for that story now How can people top three artists of all time did or lied? Did a lot number one Yeah, I'm gonna go I gotta give pop hog number one number two pockets on that wall over I gotta get pimped number two number two. I'm gonna say face face face number three three I'm gonna go with cube cube man. That's that's a that's a good top three man. I got a mean top 10 That was to pop scar face and cube man, which is dope charges man Hey man, so how can people get a hold of you if they're was that what you're about to know I was gonna say Do you ever give back as I like help someone whether to get get over their weight or get off the streets? Or just help them with your testimony.  We participate in that We give out you know meals at the church whatever we can do to help You know, and we have a benevolence fun named after my my aunt some over Smith So we also help people, you know, they need we've raised the money and be like here you go Wow I really feel that that could be your one of your calling because for the main stories that you told about Helping, you know just like the two boys who were at McDonald's and stuff like that I guess that scared tactic You still have that in you to go out here and help some of these kids scare straight Yeah, scared them straight into becoming someone greater than who they are right now. Yeah, I'm trying to show them I want to speak life over my death, so I can't participate in nothing I know gonna get your kids, you know, I got to ask him about this before we close this down OGU man, how did you end up being a part? I know we were part of OGU too But how did you end up meeting with those guys and how did that happen? Just started running each other doing the same thing and you decide it was like Jake come on in help us out They say you got a lot of influence out there, so come on man man Jay man Jay Hollen man And how can people reach out to you as he was asking? Okay, I'm gonna I'm gonna get you out of here, but I want to leave y'all with this too before anything You know how you hear those stories about people when they have deaf experience and their deaf experiences. They say oh I've seen the devil. I seen a lighter. I've seen this or a donkey with wings flow in You know everybody have a different story, and I didn't believe none of Thank you. I thought there was a loose name on meds. I thought it was lying. I just wanted some attention I'm here to vouch Did hey, man, did it's definitely a guy and when I was in that car I prayed my way out of that coma. I was gonna come for three months Wow, I prayed my way out there coma and I didn't actually see God But I met Satan and that's a whole another story. I don't want to just go but basically everything he said It happened and people he told me was going after and that chromatic wherever I was in purgatory or whatever He went after a lot of people, you know He warned me and then also the way I was able to get out of it. I prayed my way I said God I reach out to you. I surrender. I Said I completely surrender right now. I said I don't know what's going on with me But I know I'm not I'm not here. I said God, please help me Don't let me go out like this I reached out to the hills from which my help come. I said God, please Look out for me God. I said, please help me God and all of a sudden I felt like a donkey or horse kicking me in my chest like a boom also Felt myself breathing again. I Seen a white light stronger than any light ever seen in my life and all of a sudden I was back I like her with doctors and nurses screaming and hollering. Oh my god. It's a miracle. It's America. He's back. He's back I got the looking around. I was like wow.  I said God please and ever since then I have not Taken it lightly by my second chance But you know what I get from that too is the fact that you are on the brink of going that way and a lot of people I Hear it would say oh God can't I've done too much He's not gonna hear me. He's not going this. I've done too much. I already know where I'm gonna go This that whatever how can he forgive me after I've killed so many people?  Yeah, wow, and that's what I heard Man, it's been a dope segment man. Hey, man. Thank you so much for coming on boss talk 101 J We love you brother. I really love you man And we just say man if you ever need us or if you get trying to get something out Make sure you reach out to us man We hear boss talk 101 it's here for the community for the culture and it's just a blessing And you'll be back when big tuck come on the show. Yes, sir. That's the only way he gets on the show Yeah, we want to talk about Jay had the Jag looking tight with this Check it man. Hey, man. It's been another great segment up boss talk 101. Yeah


Hey, what's going on everyone it's be over here for another trailer reaction It's been a while since I've actually reacted to a trailer I've been doing a lot of movie reviews lately, but this one is Jumanji Welcome to the jungles being put up by Sony Pictures You know they get a lot of flak because it seems like you know They kind of repeat themselves and do stuff over and over and over again without any fresh ideas And when I first heard this movie was announced, you know, not too long ago. I wasn't excited I'm like, I still like the Jumanji with Robin Williams So the only thing that really gets me looking forward to this one is it stars the rock and Kevin Hart And I am a fan of those two gentlemen It's also directed by Jake Kasdan the only family for me if he is that he's done is bad apple Not bad apple bad teacher with Cameron Diaz I think came out like 2010 2011 or something like that But anyway, we got the first official trailer So let's go ahead and jump into it and you can stop listening to me talk But watch me watch the trailer. Here we go I look fun group. Welcome to detention Spencer, Beth and fridge Martha. You're all here for a reason.  I'm too pretty. Yo, what's this a? A game for those who seek to find a way to leave their world behind Jumanji pick a character and you're that person in the game. What's under a pig? I don't think it matters that much Finbar sounds like a badass. I'll be the curvy genius. Dr. Smulder Bravestone. I guess I'm Ruby roundhouse Where's the rest of me my god fridge? Yeah fridge. Who are you me Spencer? Who is she Martha Why are wearing half a shirt and short shorts in the jungle? I think we got sucked into Jumanji and we become the avatars we chose so that means Bethany Oh, Bethany don't look at it I'm an overweight middle-aged man. I don't have my clarity and all I see around here is power Well, I don't have a top two feet of my body This is a video game, which means we all have special skills.  Oh, snap I'm not gonna get in there you get in there. Yeah, I got a back.  I forgot the other girl's name I know I've seen her and other things before but I like how she jumped up with the split scissor kick and almost kicked somebody off The motorcycle I like how the jokes are kind of self-aware She's like why am I in shorts and you know a cut-off t-shirt here in the jungle, you know a guy with somebody Yeah, Rob was saying I don't have my claritin Kevin Hart's like where's the two rest of two feet of my body All that is hilarious. It looks like a lot of fun like just like I said a nice, you know, real true adventure And what I also like about it is is keeping the same concept as the Jumanji film like, you know a video a game But in the old days it was a board game to my knowledge I don't hang around a lot of kids But I don't think a lot of kids today play board games anymore if I'm wrong there Let me know in the comment section, but you know, everybody plays video games So they adapted it, you know for a present time modern day So, you know that makes sense and I like the fact that since this in a A video game this time and if you play video games, you know that you do have Sometimes special abilities or powers or you know, you have a number of lives and stuff So that's saying pretty cool The only thing that I did not like was that last shot towards the end Where jack black was getting eaten by a hippopotamus or whatever Now because this is going to be set in a video game world I'm assuming that he may have more than one life But at the same time if that's not the case Or even if it is the case it seems like it would take the stakes away in the movie You know, if you know they're running for their lives and they're about to get eaten Or have to dive off a cliff and make it over there, you know If we know that they can just come back to life because they have multiple lives Because it's a video game setting that takes the stakes away But this is just the first trailer. I don't know of course I'm going to have to see the movie myself to find out to get the full gist of it But you know before I pressed play I hadn't really no interest at all But now I'm actually looking forward to this movie. I think it's going to be a ton of fun And you know, I'm actually looking forward to it, you know, but guys, that's just my opinion You know after you've seen this trailer. What did you think? You know, did you not care?  Do you agree with anything I said or do you disagree? Let me know in the comment section below Let's get this conversation going and keep it flowing And guys, I really do want to go to the red carpet premiere of black panther that comes out february 16th 2018 next year This is a black comic book character black panther. I'm black comic books. I love comic books. I love marvel That movie is being released in black history month So that would just be like a super duper epic dream come true for me And I really want to get there isn't a long shot. You know, yeah, you know Well, I make it who knows but I'm going for it So help me out by getting there by sharing this video 1,000 times and if you like this video, go ahead and give me that thumbs up And if you don't like the video, that's perfectly fine Just leave me a comment below why and still give me the thumbs up and since you're watching this on youtube Go ahead and subscribe to the youtube channel so you can get content That I have to provide whether that's a Trailer reaction a movie review or some random commentary that I just feel like uploading You can also go to my website bookmarketing check me out there And guys also look me up on social media and guys I just want to thank you again for tuning in for my opinion slash review Or actually, excuse me my trailer reaction slash review of jumanji Welcome to the jungle and before you go. Don't forget that my name is brennan Keith Avery And that's just my opinion