Freedom of speech. Freedom of speech. As Americans, freedom of speech is one of our most coveted and cherished rights. However, certain things are better left unsaid. Certain things are better left unsaid. This project is definitely one of those. My name is Keith and standing to my immediate left, this is Argus and again next to him, that is Dejay over there. Collectively we are known as Chung's Donut Shop and today we will be presenting on the Lunar Correspondence Protocol. We're going to ask you at this point that you reserve all questions to the end of the presentation. Time for meeting. We will have a Q&A session. If we do run out of time then you're more than welcome to approach us at any time during the time with any questions you may have. We're going to ask that you pay. Okay, I'm sorry these mics suck. We're going to ask that you pay particular attention to the methodologies behind the actual software as they're not only applicable to our own implementation by anyone of your own. This is a flexible security scheme. It's not any particular tool. It doesn't require client-server software. It's basically a collection of methodologies used to achieve anonymity and security over a public network. Can everybody hear? I'm getting a lot of blank stares. Most of you are probably wondering why we're in fact here today. Well, the security of our world as we know it is at stake. The Lunar Correspondence Protocol will help you... Hello. Can we just use that one and pass it? I think that's the best way to do it. Technical difficulties. It doesn't interfere with 2.4, right? Making sure. The security of our world as we know it is at stake. Lunar Correspondence will help to safeguard your constitutional right to freedom of speech under the mounting pressure of an ever-increasing governmental bureaucracy, poising itself to become the big brother of tomorrow. However, the nature of our project may lend itself to possible abuse by malicious users, industrial saboteurs, and perhaps even terrorists. That stated, we are still confident that the pros of our project far outweigh the cons in providing three key features. Those features are secure communication and anonymity. Abstractly, the Lunar Correspondence Protocol is a revolutionary new protocol used to anonymously transmit and receive data securely across the internet. Lunar Correspondence Protocol is based on the finite improbabilities of vast random data dispersal and exploits properties in IP to accomplish a portion of its goals. Essentially, that means we're using the internet as is. No special client server software is required for a full implementation of the Lunar Correspondence Protocol. Finally, when coupled with the latest encryption technologies and our in-house Chung's Donut Shop developed advanced permutation engine, the Lunar Correspondence Protocol achieves a level of security unsurpassed by any other protocol or privacy scheme. Okay, first off, I'm going to apologize for any technical difficulties with sound. If you can't hear me, just yell. I'll talk louder, hold the mic closer. Okay, first thing we're discussing is a tool called Loki. Okay, during the initial stages of Lunar's development, we're often asked if it was just a revamp of the Loki tool. For those of you that don't know what Loki is, Loki is a tool which claims to use ICMP to create a stealth channel to communicate through firewalls. That's really the only similarity between our implementation and Loki. We chose to use ICMP traffic. The reason for this is a lot of the same reasons they chose to use it for Loki. It easily passes through a lot of consumer firewalls. Okay, not all, but many. Secondly, it's a connectionless protocol, which aids in our anonymity. And third, and most importantly, it's blindly relayed by the vast majority of public hosts on the internet, and that's just the way that ICMP works. So start off, let me show you a typical ping transmission, or ICMP transmission. Basically, you have your packet, the data of this packet contains, say a system time, ticks, whatever. You're going to use this data in a calculation to determine the round trip it took for your data to get from one point of the internet to another. So we send it out into our network. It goes off into the internet, and it goes to our first arbitrary host. We'll call it host A. Now, the only thing that host A can do to validate where this packet came from is it trusts the source address in the header. It's a connectionless protocol. Therefore, there's no validation performed. What it does is it looks at the source address. It says, okay, this came from here, and sends it right back to, in this case, transmitter's network. To accomplish the anonymity portion of our implementation, we're actually going to deceive the internet. And the way we're doing this is we're making use of that flaw in ICMP, the lack of a validation scheme. Instead of putting our source address for it to reply to, we're going to put the target host address. So we'll show you here. Our data's at our transmitting host. It's all ready to go. It's prepared. It's been ordered. We're going to get a lot more into what we're doing to prepare this data later on, but all you need to understand now, that's ready to go. Okay? First thing we do is we send it off into our own network, and you know it's one packet staying behind. The reason for this is to show a delay, which we're going to get into later. Just take note of it now. So it's going from our network, you know, firewalls and egress filtering permitting, out into the internet, where it's routed to two separate hosts. Okay, we're choosing to use unique hosts, sending this data all over the internet to aid and avoiding the creation of a pattern. That's really what we're trying to do here. Now as far as they're concerned, these packets came from the receiver network, because that's all they have to go by is that source header. So what it does, it says, you know, good enough it sends this data intact right back to the receiver's network. Now you notice it's not going to the receiver's computer itself. This is because, number one, a lot of masqueraded routing systems will not allow it to go to a host that didn't put the request in queue. Secondly, if you've got a lot of ICMP traffic going to one host on your local network segment, you're going to know something's up. It's going to set off a flag. It's going to create a pattern that's going to be trace and notice. We want to avoid that at all costs. So what we're doing is our receiving host is actually promiscuously sniffing all ICMP traffic on the network during this particular session. It's going to be collected and parsed later, but right now it's just sniffing everything. Okay, we've got our last packet coming into the network. It goes back in. It's reordered at the other laptop, and we basically send our data across the Internet. To do this, we're utilizing two layers of spoofing. Now, obviously, there's going to be situations where you can't spoof the MAC address, you can't spoof the IP address, wherever. This is all applicable to any particular scenario. You can add or remove any component of this scheme as needed per your situation. You can't say you can just break it by filtering out MAC addresses, because you could simply remove that component, use everything else, and remain relatively anonymous. What we're doing is we're actually changing the hardware address to the card. Again, if somebody's looking on a local network and they see all this traffic going to all these different hosts on the Internet, and they're coming from different addresses, everything else, not on our network, but it's coming from the same MAC address. You're able to pinpoint what card or what boxes came from. It's also going to create a pattern. You've now flagged all these packets with your MAC address, and now you know which packets are part of this scheme. Secondly, we already touched on it, and it makes us able to basically remain anonymous on the transmitting end. Now we're going to get into inefficiency. Now why wouldn't we want to be efficient? Why wouldn't you want to transmit your data across the Internet, and the quickest, most efficient method possible? Well, we've added this relay, and that's already at a level of inefficiency and everything. It's not a quick protocol at all. It can be, but in the most implicit implementation, it's not. Secondly, when you send data from point A to point B, let's say I am in Southern California, and our goon back here is in New York, and we want to communicate back and forth. He's not looking at me. We want to communicate back and forth. Somebody who thinks that we might be talking to each other could easily pick a note along this path, predict where our data's going to go through. We're giving these people a lot of credit. We're not assuming it's just your average jackass trying to sniff our traffic. What we're going to do is, again, and we're making a lot more inefficient for this to go across, and a lot less reliable as well. But, again, we're going to get into reliability later. What we've been to prepare our data before we send it out, is we've done several things. Now, again, you could probably encrypt your data, send it out through the relay, 90% of the time you're now anonymous and relatively secure, but we're going to give these people a lot of credit. We're going to say our snooping party is a paranoid military, a government, a country, whatever that has limited resources and deciphering and collecting our data. We're going to give them a lot of credit because we want true anonymity. We don't want anonymity to the point of the knowledge of the person snooping our traffic. What we're going to do first thing is we're going to reorder the data. We're going to take our packets and our sequence, shuffle up, put it out of order. The reason for this is we're trying to avoid the creation of patterns. If you send data across the network in order, and it gets, or even if you send over the period of a year and a half with this delay, if somebody can guess when it started and when it ended, they're going to be able to at least assemble these in sequence. It's going to aid in the deciphering and reordering these packets, so we want to avoid that. Second thing we're going to do is we're going to inject false positives. Even with reordering and delaying everything else, in a scenario where all data is valid, laws of probability state it will eventually be reordered and deciphered. So we're going to inject false positives into the thing and the engine we're going to use to do this we're going to assess later. Third, that data delay that we already had before. Now in our implementation we chose to have two values. A minimum and maximum delay time. So that could be anywhere from like one millisecond to five years. So the first packet obviously goes off instantly. The next packet may come 30 seconds, the next one may go a year, the next one may go in a week. Obviously this isn't feasible for most communications but it's just an example of how it works. It's going to send anywhere in between these times. Not at a random set interval, but a truly random value. Again, all this is doing is avoiding the data delay. On top of this we're applying cryptography. Now again, with unlimited resources and a company or government that has a time and sufficient power to do this, cryptography eventually will be cracked. Doesn't mean it's going to happen anytime soon, doesn't mean it's going to happen in a year, but eventually it's going to be cracked. We want true security anonymity. So what we're doing is we're saying crypto isn't valid as a primary means of security and communication. However, it's far from trivial because when applied over the whole scheme it severely complicates the efforts to reorder and decipher the data. You have encrypted garbage coming across the network, it's going to be real difficult for you to figure out how it's coming across and how it's being deciphered. And all this we use in our implementation in a variety of ways we'll get into that later, but all these methods applied adding or subtracting any of them could be applied to any security scheme. This is how you're going to remain anonymous. Regardless of how you're implementing it. And we're moving on to security with Keith here. Okay, as Argus just so eloquently stated we're basically trying to avoid the creation of patterns and complicate all efforts to reorder and collect our data. Now we're going to do this by using a mathematical permutation function P accepting two arguments N, the total number of packets, R instead of packets composing real data. That is eliminating bogus packets. As was discussed earlier we're also injecting bogus packets across the network to figure the number of bogus packets one would just take R and subtract it from N. Now I'm not going to get into the nitty-gritty mathematical details behind this function as that's far beyond the scope of this lecture here. But what I will explain is the result of this function. See, the result of function P is or the number as a result of inputting two variables N and R is the total number of permutations required in an area to reorder our data effectively. So let's go ahead and plug in and plug in some numbers through this function. We'll start with 60 and 10. 60 packets total and 10 packets composing real data. That leaves us with 50 bogus packets being injected across the network. We end up with a number 2.735898472 times 10 raised to the 17th power. That's an extremely large number for just a relatively small set of packets. Again, we injected 60 packets over the network. That's the total number of permutations required given the worst case scenario to correctly order our data. This function as you can see here is exponentially growing. We'll go ahead and up the ante just a little bit and we'll inject 100 packets total across the network. 80 packets consisting of real data that leaves us with 20 bogus packets. Well my trusty TI-83 can't even comprehend the total number of possible permutations in real data. 100 packets, just to put this in perspective, 100 packets could be easily sent in maybe a paragraph, maybe four or five sentences. Again, very easy to do. For simplistic form here, we've gone ahead for the visual learners and represented this. Basically what we've done here, just to show how insanely difficult this is to do, we're going to assume a relatively bare network. That is, a pristine network basically blank and devoid of any traffic. We're going to go ahead and inject packets across the network, eliminating all the bogus packets. We're just going to send the real data here. We'll send one packet, one character, the letter L. That leaves us with one possible permutation. Again, just the letter L. Two packets, two characters, the letters L and U.  Three packets, three characters, L, U and N. Six total permutations possible between those three characters. Four packets, four characters, four letters, L, U, N and A. And now you're looking at 24 different permutations. Again, it's exponentially increasing. Okay, so if prying eyes are unable to correctly order our data here, you're probably wondering how the receiver is able to do this. Well, the receiver and the transmitter both have random number generators seated by the same value, basically meaning that they're able to generate the same random numbers in succession one after another on either side. Now, how the seed is transmitted between the two is solely up to the communicating parties. Very elaborate schemes such as perhaps writing that seed down on an index card, passing it physically where the other party then memorizes it, burns it, ingests it. It's all up to you. Or even more overt methods such as, you know, PGP, like private public key passing, or even, you know, like any other handshaking. But those are all susceptible to man-in-the-middle style attacks. And what we're going to do is we'll line all of our data here up at the receiving order. We've got our start sequence, our stop sequence, and then three packets, CD and S. We're going to push them across the network. We've got CDS and two bogus packets along with the start and stop sequence. We're doing this at random intervals, random times, and completely out of order across the network. What the receiver's going to do now is sit back, receive all the data as it comes in, and wait for two packets. The receiver's going to look for the start sequence and the stop sequence. Once the start and stop sequence have been received, it's then possible for the receiver to take all the data in between those, figure out where it needs to go, and start applying it where necessary to fill in the entire data as a whole, and then flush it out to a disk, write it to a file, email it. It's really up to the user implementation. But again, three... The seed is used basically for three primary purposes. That is to generate the start sequence, to generate the stop sequence, and then to apply that random number as a sequence number for any of these packets that are traversing the network here. Okay, so moving on. Data filters are basically filter plugins that can range from anything, encryption ciphers to any sort of data encoding such as, you know, Base64, MIME encoding, or perhaps just a relatively simple ASCII translation. Data filters are not necessary. We've gone ahead and implemented them in our version of the protocol, just as a matter of upping the ante here, upping the security. Data filters are actually applied over the entire datum before it's chunked into packets. So if you've got three packets CD and S, what we're going to do is package them together, and then we're going to filter them wholly. Now, the only exception to this is the start and stop sequence. For simplicity purposes so that the receiver is more able to recognize these packets as they come in, we're going to go ahead and filter the start and stop sequence separately. They're actually filtered on their own merit. And that just makes it easier on our part to notice them as they are coming in on the receiving side. And finally, the Lunar Correspondence Protocol is multi-tiered security. That is to say, even if the Lunar Correspondence Protocol is cracked, flawed, or some way rendered useless, your data is still protected by the lowest grade of encryption used in your data filter cipher here. So let's say we wanted to use, like, RSA 496 bit keys as our data filter, and then you're going to send this data over the network using our protocol. We're going to release that security, folks. That means if our project is completely irrelevant here, your data is still encoded, you're still relatively secure. Data filters can be used to incorporate any kind of encryption filter. It could be RSA, blowfish, two-fish, one-fish, developed fish. It's really up to you. So summarize what we're doing here as far as the anonymity and efficiency is concerned. We're basically taking data. We're trying to use the entire internet to spread out as wide as possible and have it collected back at a particular source. We're having to go to a pool as opposed to a specific source. Again, because we want both parties sending and receiving to remain anonymous. Again, you don't need special client-server software. Ours is actually a packet parsing and creation engine. And again, you're using it these methods that a lot of other things use as what might be familiar with, the spoofing, the relaying, and then the host-level transmission using the permutation engine and some of the other stuff we've incorporated as well as the filters. And then finally, we discussed achieving security via the Lunar Correspondence Protocol, the mathematical permutation function, packet-level transmission, which actually happens over OSI, OSI Layer 5, I'm sorry, for those of you familiar with the OSI model. And then we finished up with covering data filters, encryption filters, and encoding filters. Okay, well, you guys are probably wondering how this sounds complicated, stuff like that, or whatever, or where's the proof? We have working software that proves this, and sometimes shortly after the conference we're going to post it on SourceForge once they get their act together, and you guys will be able to download it from there and see how it works. Just another note, our software is completely open-source. It is released under the GNU Public License. Richard Stallman is our hero. Okay, so where are we actually going to use such a complicated scheme in our own communication? We'll start off with a really extreme example and a purposely patriotic example. Let's say we have a CIA or American operative in China or Afghanistan or wherever, and he needs to get mission-critical sensitive data through a network, through a hostile, paranoid military network, either U.S. or some arbitrary host where it can be used to prevent something from happening or, you know, complete a mission. Well, obviously he's going to incorporate the most extreme values and extreme implementations of these methods here to avoid all costs, like life and death situation, not just for himself, but possibly millions of other people. Of course he's going to encrypt this data, he's going to reorder it, he's going to permute it with the false data, or at any random delay that is going to be feasible to the particular scenario. So obviously if it has to get across in a week, something's going to happen a week from now, and he needs to warn us about it, he can't set the delay to happen over a period of years. There's not many situations where you could, but that's going to be the most anonymous, most likely to go unnoticed. So what we're going to do is, again, he's going to play all the messages here, put it on a delay that's pertinent to the timeframe here. Now, a more dated example, something that some of you might want to use or average person, a scenario where you need, you have a problem with, say, an employer, something else you need to go over there. You need to communicate anonymously to complain while they're monitoring your network. There's a lot of other applications, like Anonymous Dropbox, Relays to specific servers that are collection data forms. There's a lot that we're going to get into a little bit later on and also on the data that's going to be posted on the storage forage site. However, you can make this as secure or, again, as overt and insecure as you need it to be. You can add or remove any one of these components to complete your transmission. Our software can implement everything, but you can do it, again, at your own pace. There's not any way to sit down in a terminal and be anonymous if you don't know what you're doing.  You have to understand how the network works. There's no tool that makes up for lack of knowledge or poor implementation. So using our software intelligently or devising a plan of your own intelligently implemented with 30 Sprint in here, you will remain anonymous on the network. And now for some more creative implementations that we've come up with. All right. So basically, I'd just like to let you know we at Chung's Donut Shop believe privacy. And I don't know about you, but I don't like when I'm trying to talk to my friend about something important and then somebody's eavesdropping or something that you don't want somebody to know. This applies to everybody. So we believe that you should be able to stay anonymous and have freedom of speech. So this protocol implements that and keeps it going. Here's an example of how you could use our protocol. Basically, let's say, for instance, you want to go to an area coffee shop, one that may provide wireless internet, either paid or free. You would be able to implement our software on that network without having to have an IP address. This basically what you can do is when you're on the network, you can passively sniff the packets. As long as you're on the network, that's all you need to know. So if you're on the network, you have our software, your communication is possible, no IP address, your identity is hopefully kept a secret, and if that fails, you always have the cryptography on top of that, whatever level of encryption you have. So just to let you know, I'm going to pass it over to Keith for another aspect of that. Okay, finally and we're almost in somewhat way shape or form ashamed of this, but due to the vast random data dispersal nature of our project, Lunar correspondence protocol can be used to distribute a nasty nasty denial of service attack.  It was not the original device meaning or basically what we intended to use this project for. So again, we'd just like to emphasize that it is possible to launch a massively distributed DGOS attack, however don't do it. Please. If you don't like the internet, please don't break it. Alright, there's some other talks going on today and the rest of the con basically today you got government IP tapping happening with J Baloo. I'm probably going to check that out. Should be pretty good. It has to do somewhat with this concept tomorrow. On Saturday we have Air Snarf with Beedle and Bruce Potter and then on Sunday we have Jeffrey Pruson presenting technical security. So these are all things that have to do with your right to have be anonymous and privacy and how you can do things. So recommend that you check those out. Also we're going to add the Air Jack projects. For any of you who want to check it out, Air Jack's actually been used in some of our testing and it makes a lot of very interesting things possible. It's a really great subject and you guys should check it out by abandon. Finally we'd like to make some acknowledgements here. We'd like to acknowledge the infamous Mr. Tank for the mathematical genius guidance. Unfortunately he was unable to join us today so he's not sitting in an audience per se but he is vicariously watching us somehow through a closed circuit television somewhere. Second we'd like to acknowledge Douglas Adams and the meaning of life 42. Please rest in peace. We use some of his concepts strikingly believe it or not like the finite improbabilities yada yada yada. And then most importantly thank you all for the support. Thank you very much for showing up today. We really appreciate it. Now we've come to the Q&A portion. So what's the matter here? For those of you who couldn't hear gentlemen here we're asking how the software deals with ICMP packets being lost or lost packets going across the network. And it's much extreme implementation it doesn't. However there's a filter and there's a set of rules that you can apply to any one of these. One of them being a pseudo ACP that has sins and acts. And this is encapsulated within the encrypted data. This is part of the payload of the packet that's already been anonymously sent via Luna. However if you're doing sins and acts it exponentially increases the amount of traffic going across the network and across the relays and you're going to have the same packets going across back and forth several times. And they may be flagged as suspicious traffic. That's why we chose not to address it here and in software but you can do it with the data filters. Luna by itself does not deal with the issue of dropped lost or somehow wrapped packet. We do not have like a DCP style protocol wrapped around it. So in essence we basically call it like finite improbabilities there's really no way for me to know that you did receive all the data. I mean that is the downfall of the basic Luna correspondence protocol in its own. There's really is no way. I mean you may never receive the data for all I know. It's true. That's very true. One lost packet could very well invalidate all the packets. There's no way for us to know if you did receive the packets therefore there's no way of me retransmitting them and therefore the receiver will just be listening and waiting for this packet to arrive. And again that's under the most extreme anonymous secure implementation of what you'd want to do. You can again when we've tested it works the sin acts scenario with tunneling basically a pseudo ICP within the Luna packet. And thereby guarantee that it came from one source to the other. For anybody that has any questions please come up here and just ask on the mic so that everybody can hear. I'd probably expedite things. You guys can just all come whoever has questions and come and ask and we'll answer. With some of the features of IPv6 is this going to be able to work over that? I mean the security IPv6 the encryption the you know it limits on doing the spoofing technique you can do in IPv4. As far to address that question right there we haven't been able to really test it over IPv6 distributed over the entire internet because it's not really implemented yet. It hasn't been tested. It hasn't been tested yet. But basically software can be modified and ICMP again to address this ICMP is not the most critical component of this it's just a relay. It's anonymizing your host. One of the things that was brought up was on a local network streaming from box to box like a local network segment to hide the data in like a UDP packet for masks as syncing your time servers. Or even somebody mentioned hiding in shout cast a lot of different implementations. If you have an organization like the NSA or echelon somebody who has access to maybe all of the routers on the internet or most of the routers on the internet if they were to implement something where I mean there's been things suggested where they would start logging every packet which is ridiculous because they'd need a hard drive the size of a football field. But if they started implementing something like logging the CRC or check some of every packet it seems like it would be possible to back trace simply by even if the packets are encrypted and out of order. If you know that this meant that a bunch of anomalous packets went and that they all had the following check sums you could just match up the check sums across the network until you narrow down to the originating subnet and that would at least tell you perhaps what subnet it originally came from not necessarily who sent it but it seems like you could narrow down the origin that way if you had that much information. That's a very good question. It's one that we've actually been asked several times before for people to discuss this with. The main goal of creating anonymous communication is not that we don't want to have something that's a standard Luna packet or something to be flagged as a Luna packet. That's kind of where the permutation routine enters. Let me cut in. I think what he was saying was all the packets going through on through one subnet but the thing about Luna correspondence protocol is that when you send the packets you're using multiple relay hosts which are multiple subnets so even if you did have the NSA and everybody logging everything it would be hard because your packets could be spread across a period of 100 subnets. So even if you were logging everything you have to go to those 100 subnets log everything on the 100 subnets and then try to order the packets in the right order then after you get all the packets in the correct order then you have to decrypt them. So basically I think that's what he was talking about. So to answer his question it's almost impossible. Also if it's anomalous packet you're looking for again a lot of ICMP traffic is anomalous by nature. Arbitrary applications create arbitrary data within the ICMP packets to calculate what's going on in the network. We have yet, we offer you to download to see if you can filter out your Luna packets. We haven't been able to. And again this is through good practices of doing it you're not keeping the same seed the same values on the session by session basis if you're doing your screwing yourself. Just as if you're using the same relays and a lot of same stuff you want to keep it moving. To address the next question. So you said that the packets go out in kind of a random order but there's also the start and end sequence that the listening host looks for. So do those have to be received in order like the start sequence? No in fact the start and stop sequence can be sent anywhere within the order because the receiving host left just receiving all traffic as it comes in he's looking for these two packets when they do arrive be it the first two the last two anywhere in the sequence when he does have them it's then possible for him to set them up see where they exist in the sequence of random numbers and then figure out where packets need to be injected in between. So the receiver is unable to order them until he has received both of them but they can be sent anywhere within the stream. But he might have to keep listening that's correct if there was a delay or they were sent last. Thank you. This protocol is on the other end when you receive it's very passive that's why you can use UDP packets on a local network without even having to use any relay hosts. Alright two questions. The first you said that even if the protocol is flawed that the encryption done through one of the data filters over the data will still be the absolute minimum security. How do you deal with key distribution? How do you deal with key distribution? The key distribution basically is transmitted in the same way that the seed initially was it's up to the two parties. You see our protocol is basically interested in keeping we call them like host key files. But if you have to do key negotiation before you can send data how do you do the anonymous data transfer? Well that's what I'm saying. Beforehand it would be a matter of you and I physically meeting and we'd write down our keys or we'd transmit them and then we both have them. So that when we separate or when you're in Europe and I'm over in Asia somewhere we then have them and we are able to communicate. You see it's truly up to the two communicating parties. It could very well be that maybe we have some sort of a challenge response protocol to send the keys but those are all susceptible to man in the middle style attacks and it's not very secure. Well any key exchange protocol is part of our protocol. It's implemented on however you wish to do so. Actually encryption as a whole is part of a data filter set that we chose to implement in the software and it's a really good idea. Again you don't need PGP for a pop3 to work correctly but it's a really good thing to have in your client. Now obviously if you've got to do session per session keys it's not feasible to call you up on the phone say here's my key hang up and then start transmitting over the network. But if you're trying honestly to somebody, how do you do any form of key negotiation beforehand? Again this is going to be up to the individual host. No, I think you're trying to ask if I don't know you and we both have the software how do we communicate? Well we don't. I would have to know you first and we would have to establish beforehand the keys, the seeds and whatever else is necessary to decrypt the data. It would all have to be established at some point. Yeah that's what I was going to say. It doesn't have any negotiation like SSH or anything like that. It's not like a chat client in the sense that I can search rather than users. It's a great question. Same to ICMP to people who aren't expecting it is more of a denial service attack than communication. So you kind of want to know what's going on between the two parties. Now you said that you have problems if there's egress filters. Have you considered any kind of implementation of a client and server, a server on the internet where you would in essence be able to overcome that because you know the servers connected somewhere where they're not egress filters. Basically if you're in a situation where you cannot spoof your IP address to get across your network, leave in your MAC address that's kind of how the it's probably going to run out of time before we can really discuss in depth how the HTTP relay works and for internet access. Basically you don't have to have anything besides these parsing engines on either end and know what this initial value is to use Luna in its base form. But you can implement whatever you want over it. We have a situation where you can actually have a second host, maybe your home computer you want free wireless at some coffee shop that's all over the country and you basically can send this data out to the listening party at your own network. They can go and execute commands on your behalf, relay this data back to you. Really in situations where you can't spoof you could have another host do it, but again that host is just implementing Luna and you might as well just telnet into it or shell into it and reach in and run Luna from that local server. There is a non spoofing option for our protocol software implementation. Hi. So given a shared key and a common set of random number generators, two parties can communicate scrambling the data and the data stream in a deterministic manner. So why is this any more secure than using the same random number generators and the same shared key to just generate a one time pad? A one time? A one time pad. Use your random number generator generate a long stream of random numbers and XOR that with your data stream. Why is Luna any more secure than a one time pad? Well we don't have to do that. In effect we are doing that but we're generating them off the initial seed and then matching up later. It seems like you're doing a lot of extra work for not much extra security. I mean the rent. The protocol certainly that's great. But the actual scrambling of the data doesn't seem to be any more doesn't give you any more effect than a one time pad. What we can answer this is how you actually implement the reordering. Basically we're telling you how our software does it but you can actually reorder it just that same way as long as the data is not coming in order as long as you're applying the methods behind it the logic behind how you're doing it you can implement it however you want you can implement it with a one way pad. You're correct. I mean basically I totally see what you're saying the thing about Luna is that it's very passive so you can be on a subnet, send from one subnet to another. That's the thing about Luna it's not just the idea of reordering the packets because that would be the same as like cryptography right? So the thing about it is you're on two different subnets you're able to communicate to each other and then you have the different relay hosts you can bounce from. So that just adds on top of that but even if that's done then you still have the cryptography. So just briefly, rather than store all of the random numbers in other words like generate a pad as you called it of random numbers we're just storing the seed and then generating the random numbers later. It can happen either way but we're storing less initially to generate more later if that makes sense rather than store everything now and then at least with the seed we can now say instead of giving me this set of 10 random numbers let's you know evaluate this function 20 times so they can always change and we could do like a roundabout thing or we could just for simplicity's sake never reuse the same random number and just keep going down the stream but keep a placeholder and know where we are every time by storing one piece. Can you go into a little more detail about how exactly you do the reordering of packets? Are they somehow marked in some way or are you just depending on the order in which they're received so that if they were scrambled somehow in time when you receive them the packets are reordered based on the sequence number. The sequence number is set to the random generated number coming out of the random function basically. So we have basically we have a seed we stick the seed in through the random number generator and on both parties both parties are then generating the same random numbers in succession one after another. These numbers that are being generated are affixed as the sequence ID in all of the packets. The sequence ID I'm sorry. It's part of the IP header in the packets so we're setting the sequence ID as that field in the IP header so when the packets come in on the other end he's able to then match it with the same random numbers that he's generated. The IP ID? The sequence numbers are part of TCP so I'm wondering is it the IP ID? We're writing straight IP straight to the link layer this is the sequence number in the IP datagram. The IP header field. The IP ID. That's it. Your protocol seems like it would make a lot more sense if you were implementing a many to many sort of thing where you have many source hosts the data is physically broken up across all of them and you have many receiving hosts because other than that you still have a single endpoint on the other end. We are doing the multiple sending by basically spoofing various networks however in a sense we're doing the multiple receiving because we're spoofing various targets as well so if we can say that they're receiving and reliably sniff on an entire class B network then what we can do at the sending end the transmitter is we can spoof all of that and it is quite possible that if you had two machines set up they can both sniff that same class B network and they both were aware of your user credentials the seed and everything else that both parties could sniff that traffic so it could very well be a many to many relationship. Does that make sense? Yeah, yeah. And in the base implementation we basically want to avoid a scenario where you had to have client service software or have one you know an extra machine out there to do your dirty work for you. You're using the internet as is to do your workload. You want people to you know be able to communicate individually without the need of a third party or third box that they may have a shell account on whatever you want to avoid creating that pattern you want to avoid that third host because again if you're constantly going everything through this third host you're creating another pattern another point for what you can be traced. Now again you can apply these to anything. Any means of communication doesn't have to be ICMP you know it could be UDP you know somebody even talked about embedding it like a shout cast server a lot of different ways to do it is you want to avoid the creation of patterns and you want to look logically at every step along the way. If you've created you've got this server that's an intermediary a bunch of different servers across internet that you log into shell into whatever you're creating another point for them to find where you were from you know it's another box that has your information on it and you don't want that. So I think we've got time for one more question we got the five minute signal so anybody else Any further questions? Here we go. Okay so you're bouncing the ICMP packets across something on the internet does that have to be something you set up or can it be anyone? Basically we're relaying it through an ICMP echo message we can relay through anyone anyone relaying ICMP echo traffic whether it's google.com, msn.com, yahoo.com and the slew of other we can all relay over them there is no you know hacking or owning of machines out there on the network to establish relay host whether it be your personal windows machine at home you know your cocks relay at home or your business line we can relay over it Okay so that brings us to the end of everything thank you guys very much once again Yeah check out SourceForge Again SourceForge right now some of you may know SourceForge is currently upgrading some servers and some hardware and doing a couple things that aren't allowing us to upload the software at this time and again a lot of this we all work and it's a spare time kind of project so it's going to be released in a timely manner but again it's not going to be a constant project we're going to be updating it as we can He's just asked if it's Windows or Linux based Right now it's Unix based however there is a plan to export it out to DLL to be able to be used by the Windows layer but right now we just want to make sure we had everything done and working in the Unix implementation because that's what we all run and we want to use it ourselves So yeah thank you guys very much and enjoy the next


Kashi literally means to be luminous or more particularly a tower of light. So this beam of light is the symbolism of Kashi because it is a machine, it is a yantra created. It's a cosmogenic effort to bring cosmos to you. Kashi is an effort to bring union to the microcosm and the macrocosm, to the limited and the unlimited, to physical manifestations and limitless dimension of existence. Mukti means liberation.  So the significance of being in Kashi, the word Kashi literally means to be luminous or more particularly a tower of light. You know the story about how Shiva manipulated. He asked Parvati to drop her earrings and she dropped and it fell, sank into the earth. Vishnu being a lady's man, yeah, has to be Shiva-less. See, I was like, Vishnu is very… he has to show his Shiva-ry. So he went to pick up the earring. Well, as he dug deeper and deeper and deeper because of this labor and he started sweating so much, it's gathered in a pool which became the Manikarnika. Manikarnika was actually a pool or a kund. On the banks of it, people were doing cremation also. So this pool got merged with the river. It is said that when the Manikarnika pool was formed, there was no Ganga. Ganga came later when she came, the kund merged with the Ganga. When they looked up, Shiva looked like a tower of light. You must understand this, you ever flashed a powerful torch into the sky. You tried it at least in the night and you saw a tower of light going up if the thing was powerful. You don't know where it ends. Nobody really know where it actually ends. It looked like it went forever. So this beam of light just went unstopped by anything. So this beam of light is the symbolism of Kashi because it is a machine. It is a yantra created. It's a cosmogenic effort to bring cosmos to you. Because fortunately, every tiny bit of this cosmos from an atom to an amoeba to a single-celled animal to everything else in the universe and the larger cosmos are essentially made to the same design. Kashi is an effort to bring union to the microcosm and the macrocosm to the limited and the unlimited to physical manifestations and limitless dimension of existence. It is not that we have to bring union, it is already in union. We have to reorient ourselves from our survival mode to transcend our survival mode and look at the existence. For this we needed tools. If you perceive the nature of the cosmos, suddenly the way you operate, the way you relate to the existence in which you live is totally, totally different. Do you have to be in Kashi to do this? No, not necessarily. But see you can achieve health anywhere. But a lot of people go to the hospital when they are ill because it's a common place where certain tools and facilities and medicines and expertise is available in one place. So Kashi is that kind of place where there was a whole system, there was knowledge, there was mechanisms for that, there are methods for that, variety of capabilities, everything, every kind of specialist lived here at one time. The most important thing in human life is to know the limitations of your body. Yesterday you were born, tomorrow you will be buried, only today is there to live. This is the nature of the existence. And before death becomes today, tch, life needs to blossom. So every possible mechanism that we could use, we set it up across the country. There are many mechanisms like this, most of them unfortunately broken, including this one which is largely disturbed, but the energetic part of it is still, if not absolutely pretty alive because always when we consecrated spaces of this nature, including dhyanalinga, it is not in the structure, structure is only a scaffolding. Kashi is generally said by legend it is said that it is on top of Shiva's Trishu, it is not on the ground. What I am seeing in my experiences, approximately the real structure of Kashi is about thirty-three feet above the ground. If we had any sense, we should not have built anything beyond thirty-three feet. What do we have? Because sense has always been scarce, yes? It's been a very scarce material in the world. And by geometrical calculations, it could be up to seventy-two or seven-thousand two-hundred feet, the energetic structure is made like that. So this is why they called it a tower of light, because those who had eyes to see saw that it is a very tall structure and it did not stop there, it gave you excess to what is beyond. The idea is to achieve something that a human being could achieve within himself or herself through an organized mechanism which comes from distilled essence of thousands of years of realization of many, many people. If you have to realize things by yourself, it's like reinventing the wheel, unnecessarily going through whole lot of painful processes. But if you have to realize through others knowing, then you must have humility, you must bend down and go. So this arrangement was done so that a lot of people could be transported. So people came and did, they set up all kinds of methods and mechanisms. Well, at one time there were over twenty-six thousand shrines. Each one of them had a method of its own as to how a human being can attain. At least twenty-six thousand shrines, developed satellites or many angles of the temple became small, small shrines of its own and went up to seventy-two thousand shrines at one time. When it's in full glory, seventy-two thousand shrines across this mechanism called Kashi. And this did not happen overnight. The basic structure happened at a certain period, nobody knows when. They said even Sunira came here looking for something. Sunira is dated as something like forty-thousand years ago. By then already it was a flourishing city. Mark Twain puts it in perspective saying that it is older than the legend. In terms of antiquity, nobody knows exactly when. People came here because the city was so beautiful and he wanted to come. So before he came, it was already a phenomenal city. Just about two years ago they discovered three layers of temples which were all closed down for a long period of time. This means the city has sunk over a period of time and again and again it's been rebuilt one and top of the other. There are three to five layers of the city because over period of time, the earth kind of recycles itself. It has been ravaged for six, seven centuries continuously. In spite of that, still if you're little sensitive, this is a fantastic place. Well, can we put it back into full glory? I don't think so. One thing is too much disturbance has happened. Another thing is building back something like that is the fool's paradise. It has been ravaged many, many times but because the energy body of Kashi was thirty-three feet above the ground, it is still alive with some damage, substantial damage but still a phenomenal place because if you want to look at it this way, this one way to interpret, it's a home with seventy-two thousand rooms, more than three thousand are alive in the energy form. For every dimension of life, for every quality of a human being they built a linger. This is how these temples came. For every aspect one linger, some extreme, some very much socially acceptable, some beyond all social acceptance, all kinds of things existed in parallel. Nobody found fault with anything. Anybody could do what they want as long as they're seeking mukti. As long as they're seeking liberation and they're sincere about it, they could do whatever they want. That is how significant mukti was considered to be. You must attain in this life. So the entire process of seeking mukti comes from this point that they want to clear this. They call this karma, tch, a cloud of memory and imagination playing up and deceiving you to believe so many things which are not true, which you will see as you sit here.  Rest is all your imagination. Mukti means liberation.


The New Deal for the Education Workforce is very much part of the work that we're doing across the central south region. Our view is that a system is only as good as the people who work within it. The potential for us from Donaldson, New Deal, Furlong is we feel as if we've started to develop the enthusiasm and the systems to implement the change on that level in a way that's really sustainable and exciting for children and teachers across the region. The future vision in the central south region is very much about schools supporting each other, working together to develop improvement capacity across the system. Hubs are very much part of how we will implement the New Deal. Most excitingly the hub schools are providing us with some capacity to develop programmes and I'm really excited about the potential of developing programmes for Hedship. The hub movement is all about supporting practitioners in the classroom. First of all they'll be supported by programmes which the hubs are developing at every stage of their professional journey from NQT I would like to say until retirement. The support also with hubs comes through working on bespoke programmes through visiting other schools and allowing practitioners from other schools to visit you because this is the joy and this is the strength of the movement. The hubs will be developing programmes of a very high quality. They will have a booklet which comes out every term which says exactly what is on offer. One of the biggest strengths of the programme and professional training is being able to go into other schools and to see what teachers, practitioners like themselves are doing which really works and getting those ideas and taking them back to their own classrooms. There are excellent practitioners in many schools across Wales and part of being the head teacher of a hub is ensuring that we find what our excellent practice is and make that part of the professional learning programmes that are going on in the teaching hub. We will have far more consistency across the region and perhaps connecting up more across the region of what is best practice. It's a wonderful experience for your staff because the impact on the students in the classroom is immense. The role of the regional consortium is central to the development of the new deal and professional learning across Wales. It's most importantly identifying where the best practice is and moving it around the system. That's not just the best practice but it's people with the talents and potential to grow as future leaders. Incentivising schools to do things a little bit differently. Developing practice, teaching practice by working together through discipline, action research or collaborative work. All four regional consortium need to work together consistently to build high quality support for teachers and leaders across the region regardless of where you teach or where you live. Never in the history of teaching have you seen so much support being channeled into the classroom and into developing teachers expertise. Teachers need time for reflection and for discussion but actually they hold the answer themselves. They just need to share it and talk about it.


No! They got him by the thread, dude! Oh my goodness! Is this gonna be sick? Oh god, dude! This guy's a freak! This is it! This is for all the marbles! After recuperating from the injuries he sustained at the Drum Mansion, a crow visits Tanjiro to deliver him his next mission. This time, at Mountain Atagura. Alright, and we're finally off from the mansion, except the boys, if you'll excuse me.  We roll out! Look at this, you do not want to get- Imagine if these three rolled up on you? Nah, that would be crazy. Look at- Hey, we move. Well, now we're kind of going in an orderly line. Can I not run? How far do I have to- What in the f- I have to walk this whole thing?  I have to walk this whole thing?  Oh no, why is it up- Why is he making us pause, dude? What? No, dude, get off the ground! Oh no, not another scent of demon, dude. Why do I always smell- Oh god, it's a dead guy! It's not even a demon. No, they got him by the thread, dude! Oh god! Oh my god, he got pulled away by a thread!    Wait, Inosuke, wait! Oh man, the wind is picking up in this place, and I'm picking up more scents.  I can't tell where the demons are. Alright, Inosuke, watch my ba- Oh my god, how many things do we have to do? Oh man, there's so many side objectives to do. Inosuke, watch my back, I feel like we're gonna get jumped by some demons. Man, is there a way to go left? This force is the most confusing place so far. Alright, but this is why I came over here. I knew that if I went this way, I'd be able to do the side objective. Oh my god! No!     Oh no, a bird got stuck in a web. Can I save him? There's a bird stuck in a spider's web, poor thing. I'll let you free. Oh, we actually did get to save him, yes! Oh, we actually accomplished something. But yeah, the spider that made that nest is going to kill us for sure. Oh man, I can't progress any further up here!  Wait, I have to go all the way back around? Alright, up this big log, Inosuke, after me.  Oh my god! Somebody got destroyed! Oh no! This pair of clothes is even more beat up than the last! Uh-oh. Oh, it's Morata! He's hiding amongst the trees! There aren't even slayers in here! Hey, Morata, no, it's okay. Yeah, I'm brand new. Okay, well, they didn't send any Hashira. Ooh, let him know, Inosuke!  Oh! One of them took the other out. Oh no! Jesus, they got him tied up with string! Oh god, this is dark, man. This is the darkest one so far. Oh my god, the person controlling them isn't even doing it well. Their stance is all off. No way I smelled the sweet scent of a string. How did- Tanjiro's a freak, man! How did I smell that? Alright, sever the strings. We're being backed into a corner, dude. It's up to you to pinpoint the demons, Inosuke. Oh, we found him. That was easy. Uh, hey, Rui. I hope we didn't bother you. We didn't mean to step into your family's home. No, yeah, I don't want to get in the way of your family life now, yeah. Alright, see you later, man. Man, some heart beating action going on in the background. Did you see me block that intense swing? Ooh, Inosuke got the- Inosuke built like Tov. How does- Bro, this is great. This is way better than my sniffing ability.  I'll take care of these. Ooh, Murata can actually handle these guys? I didn't know Murata was brave. Alright, I'll go out with Inosuke then. Wow, heart beating action. Just cut those strings. The action in the talking point. Just barely- Just knocked her over with a breeze and severed the strings. Like it was no big deal.  Oh, God, dude. I don't like this, dude. This doesn't feel right. This relationship is abusive. I don't like this. That doll is the only way to get rid of her. I can't let that happen. Alright, come on, Inosuke. You sensed him out this way, right? Are we close? Now that the wind's changed direction, my sense of smell's returning. Great, I have my nose back. Ooh, we got somebody up close. Oh, my God, this thing is bill huge. I agree with Inosuke. Where do you cut that thing? No, wait, how do we de-head something? I can't take the head of a demon that doesn't have a head. Oh, my God. He's just cut up with strings. Oh, double swing? Triple swing. Oh, he just went with four swings. Okay, then I can do this. Stop blocking. Woo, you stop blocking it right this second, young man. Okay, I got to remember this isn't an online match. I've played so much online. Just dodge and punish. Okay, yeah, that's fine. Okay, yeah, me and Inosuke shouldn't have been out here at the same time. Dodge and punish. Okay, we lived. That's the important part. Is he going to do it twice? Oh, Inosuke, you were not supposed to... Oh, my God, we're... I'm getting done in. Okay, he's weak, he's weak. We should have just waited. He can't escape me now. I don't know what to do, dude. This guy is built tough. Okay, he's in Enraged Road. He's in Enraged Road. Just dodged the last second. Oh, my God, so intense. Backstep. Wait, no way.  And I need it to be an S-Rank. Okay, I'm just going to super. I'm just going to super get some damage on this headless freak. Come here. You're not running for me. You are not running for me. Oh, my God. This battle's taking way too long. Why do I feel like the difficulty's just been amped up? Okay, just keep backstepping. Keep backstepping. Okay, he's backing up too now. Okay, is that it? Is that it? That's it. That's got to be it. Okay, that's got to begin. I'm going to use Inosuke. There you go. Inosuke assist actually clutched it out and we still got the S. My God, that was so stressful. Oh, what? That was your best puppet, you idiot? That puppet had no... That was no match for us. I mean, it was a little... Wait, Inosuke, where are you going? What? Am I going to get body slamed or hugged? Inosuke, why? Wait, what am I smelling? Oh, Inosuke knew this. Inosuke knew the puppeteer was over here. Am I just about to cut her in half? Oh my God, what is she going to do? Is she going to do anything to defend herself? Oh God! Somebody help her. Why do I feel bad for this? Oh my God, this is depressing. This is so depressing. Oh, wait, I switched up the forms. Oh man, I switched up the forms to be nicer. Oh my God! This is heartbreaking. This is worse than the show. Wow! This one hurts so much more because she barely did anything in the game. In the show, she did some really messed up stuff, but that just felt... I felt really bad about that one. Oh God! Oh my God! Jesus man, this is supposed to be an action game. One of the 12 Kazuki. I got to get their blood. Those are the exact members that I need the blood from. I need that medicine to help Nezuko. Where this member at? Oh yeah, I got to get back to Inosuke too. I kind of forgot he threw me over here. Yeah, she wanted to help me. Yeah, she wasn't really as much of a monster as you think Inosuke. It was actually kind of depressing. A scent of terror and suffering? Yeah, I got that as well. Enough to make her yearn for death! Jesus! Oh my God! This is crazy! What is this dude still doing here? Oh my God, Zenitsu! That's what gets Zenitsu into action? Nezuko went into the forest? Go, Zenitsu, go! Hey, you know what? At least he's off into the action now. Oh no! Something just pricked him. That's not good. Oh, that's not good at all.  Oh no, dude, not these little spiders! No, not the little spiders! Hello? Are there any deadly spiders in here? One of those spiders just creaked on the screen. Now that there's time to actually think Zenitsu's getting scared again, just don't think about it. Oh, he's thinking about it, he's thinking about it. Oh God, now I'm walking scared again. At least before I had a little confidence in my walk, but now I'm just terrified. Okay, just keep my senses about me. I'm not scared. I'm not terrified. I can do this, I can do this, I can do this, I can do this. Another spider. Another spider. That one was actually something you should be worried about. That one was actually something you should be scared about.  Kill him! Oh, you should have killed that thing. Two spiders! Kill those ones! Please! Get up, get off the ground. We got to get out of here, but the spiders got us. God, this is like Kuroppa Consibulator 2021, dude. Jesus! So many spiders. Oh my God, there's millions of these little guys. Why? Why are there so many spiders? Okay, this is not a great feeling. You don't ever really want to see this. But at least we get a cool little memory fragment. That's nice. A nice little memory fragment. Zenitsu Despera. That's cool. I feel like it's only a matter of time until we see where all those little spiders were meeting up. Oh God! Ah! It's a little freak, half human, half spider. More like 80% spider, 20% human. Oh my God! Run, dude! I can't, no, I can't blaze it. Dude, if I saw that, I'd be running too.  No, I'm out, dude. Oh no, we made it to the spider facility. Oh, look at them. They're mid-transformation into spiders. This is horrible. Dude, this is like, this is the worst.  Humans getting turned into spiders. Oh no, it's the big boss spider. It's Numero Uno. It's the one that's been turning them all. Oh God. Take a look at your hands. Oh no, it's the thing that pricked me earlier. Oh God, the transformation's already too much. I'm gonna turn into one. I only get half an hour. Oh God! Oh God. No, don't run. Now's not the time to run it hides at it too. Oh God! I've been poisoned. The poison has turned into clouds. Lose my humanity? No, I don't want to be like that! Be strong! Oh, it's my Gramps. Don't cry! Don't run! It's meaningless to act like that. It's the Gramps, dude. He's teaching me memories of my past until I got struck by lightning and died. But good times, those were great times. Oh my God! What is this, the depressing arc of Demon Slayer? At least we're seeing some personal growth here.  No, look at the little bald spider army, dude. They're already on their way out. No, dude, we can't become one of those. Wow, and he's throwing insults at him brainless. I passed out from fear. Hey, me passing out was the best thing that's ever gonna happen to me right now. Graceful landing. I believe in you.  What? The atmosphere hasn't changed until now. I'll make you pay for this. You're stronger than anyone else. Become a demon slayer! Go! That's the real question is, do I even care about these spiders? There's a million of these little guys. Oh, he's got poison. How am I supposed to take out the little spiders and him at the same time? I guess I'll just have to be fast. Stick and move, stick and move. Oh God, I'm getting hit by so much. I'm losing way too much health. This is not gonna be an S. This is not gonna be an S. I already know that, but I gotta at least try to just kill him. Oh my God, he's going rage mode.  Don't let the poison catch up to you. That's all we need to do. I'm pretty sure I'm already too far along with the S, unfortunately. So we might have to repeat this entire fear section. But he's out. He's out of energy. It's time. If we just do a normal combo and end it with Thunder Clap, it'll be good to go. Oh, not just Spider Web. Watch out for the baby spiders trying to attack me. And then just Thunder Clap. Thunder Clap! That's all we needed to do. I just wish I did it sooner. Oh my God, I overestimated the baby spiders and underestimated his poison. Alright, it's time we end this. Oh my God, that's a... Oh, it wasn't S! Oh my God! What a comeback story of the year! That was intense. Dude, this guy still doesn't even know what happened. Oh my God. This guy still is confused. He died confused. But I'm also going to die confused. No, dude. No, Zenitsu, hold on! No, the time for dreams isn't over. No! The water works! Yeah, just focus. Focus your breathing. Yes! The comeback story! Just keep breathing. The breathing technique can slow down the poison. Our hero! Are you okay? Alright, but we still got more demons to take care of. Oh God, did lightning just strike? Jesus, Zenitsu went all out. My goodness. Yeah, there's still demons, Tajuro. Focus on what we have to do. Alright, forward. March! Oh God. Oh, here it is! The jumping. We're getting jumped. Oh God, dude. This guy's a freak. Oh God. Oh God, he's hideous. Yeah, you know this guy.  Let's go! Okay, he went for a command ground. We don't care about command grounds. It's not around here. Alright, just back up. I want to save my meter as well. Oh, that's still cost. That's still cost bar to cancel. Okay, I need more. Oh man, he's pissed. Oh man, he's pissed. I need more meter. Just dodge the rock. Just dodge the rock. Dodge the rock. And then what in the... Oh! The rock had... The rock had extra damage. Can you please get out of enrage mode, sir? Can you please get out of enrage mode? He's still in enrage mode. And now he's out. Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go! Go!  Rui, why are you doing this, bro? Tsuyoi kizuna de musubarete irunda. Sore ni kore wa boku to nei san no mondai da yo. Chigau. Kazoku mo nakama mo. Tanja is giving these two demons a lesson on being friends, dude. Now is not the time to be... to talk about being friends. Kizuna de musubarete iru mono ni wa Shinrai no nioi ga suru. Dakedo omaeta chikara... Tanja, you can't just say that to their face.  Nante. Uh oh. Itta no. Uh, nothing? Obae. I said nothing. Ima nante itta no. Uh, you'll have to forgive me. I forgot what I said. Sugoi iyatsukan kazu. Aak! Uki ga omoku. Oh no, dude. Gomen. Ganbatte kuri. Kono oni wo tautu tara. Sugui iku kara. Oh, don't call his bod... Dude, don't say it again.   We just had to be the br... Oh my god, he's got threats. Come here. Yeah, yeah. Come here. Play and pretend with your sister, huh? How about I show you what a real beating looks like? Come here. Ooh. Look at these threads. Oh, he hit me with spider webs. I'll just fight a web. I'll just fight a web.  He did it for so long. It was such a good act.  No, I'm taking way too much damage. Why is Rui moving on me like this, man? God, it hurts so bad, dude. Oh god, no, no, please, please stop. Rui, stop. Oh my god. I dashed back into it.  At least the speeds I move at are too fast for him to keep up with. All right, this should be the end. God, what a pitiful performance. Please don't give me an S. I know I don't deserve it, but maybe you could find it in your heart. Please? Oh, what? I am not deserving. I appreciate it though. Yeah, I'm not afraid of anything. Come in here. I'm giving this guy the first form of water breathing. It doesn't matter. Oh my god. He cut my sword with one thread. Damn, his threads are tougher than demons. Oh, and I'm dead. Nezuko took the blow. I don't even remember how to get out of the box in that direction. Oh god. Yeah, you guys don't know anything about real family. No, it's not yours, it's mine. Get away. Back up, freak. Oh no. Oh god.  Hey, well, at least Rui's forgiving. Uh, she can't actually get away with doing that though. Somebody should really stop her. Oh man, why is he so interested in Nezuko? Rui's speaking like a poet. Give your sister to me. Oh my god. As of today, instead of being your sister, she's my sister? This guy's a freak. Even more so than Tanjiro. I've been saying that the whole series. Oh my god, Rui is just abusive. Look at this dude.  So far in the entire play through the sign of a broken sword means I'm dead. Oh no, he's one of the 12 Kazuki. Oh no. I've been fooled dude. Oh dude, hoodwinked. Oh god.  He did Nezuko like that in like two seconds. Oh bro, you just, you just did it bro.  It's time. There's not enough time to be emotional. We're already getting into the battle. I don't even know what attack that was. I literally didn't even see what. What, what is this attack pattern? When do I get to attack? Is it now? When do I get to attack?    If I had a sword.  There we go. Finally an opening in his defenses. I was genuinely starting to think that this was like a joke boss fight, but I'm just bad at the game. I am terrible at the game. Okay, okay. At least we forced him to, at least we forced him into his rage mode. All right. This is not a nest. Oh my god. We've been forgiven for a lot of things, but I don't think we'll be forgiven for this. This is, this was a bad one. I didn't know how to play with no sword, dude. All right. Can you get out of rage mode?  All right. Just a couple of threads. No problem. Basically like an MMO. Oh god. I should have just walked. Oh Jesus, Rui. Why? Come here. Come here. Oh, you thought you were so smart. God, this character is crazy. It's that one string thing that I got hit with this. I was, I just happened to be in the middle of that. And then I just got bodied, dude. God, I don't have anything to continue the combo with. If I had anything to continue the combo with, I would have been able to win. There it is. Okay. I should be able to get at least one health bar done. And I'm sorry. I didn't think it would be that hard. This is it. This is for all the marbles. Is that a threat? Uh-oh. Oh god. Okay. It's now or never. I don't want to die. I was fighting for real. Come here. I'm done playing with you. You should have never messed with me. You came after my family. Come here. Woo. You thought that last beat. You thought I barely got away with it, huh? Nah. It's time. I'm not even, I don't even look at what he's doing anymore. I don't even care. I'm Hedocop. This is chapter five Hedocom. You're not chapter five or you. Come here. Rui, whatever your name is. I don't even care anymore. Look at this beating. Look at it. He can't even keep up. He doesn't even know where I am. He can't even keep up with me. I'm just in permanent burst mode. Look at it. I gave him the run around like three different times. Break his guard. Look at that. That was just, that wasn't even, I was the boss fight there. Now I'm going to finish him. Yes, rank. Except, you know, that heavily injured my body. But... That saved me. I can't see my eyes. I'm running through my body. Because I've run out of breath. If I don't recover as soon as possible... I'm still fighting. Catch a second wind, bro. I don't, I don't think a second wind is coming if you're limping on the floor like this. The smell of blood is getting stronger. Even though you cut your neck.  I cut my neck with my own thread.  It's been a while since I've had a stomachache. Stand up! Stand up! Stop breathing! Hurry!  Apologize. Oh no! Don't be impatient!  Calm down! I couldn't stop loving you. Even if I make a family, I'll be the strongest. The stronger I become, the more I'll disappear. I don't know what I want to do. I'll try to stretch out my hands with a sharp knife. I won't reach it.  It's like the light of day. It's kind. Don't make a fool of yourself.  Jesus, Giyu! I just almost died. Can I get like a second's rest? Oh, Giyu just saved Nezuko. I forgot we're not out of the woods yet. Nezuko's going to have to make a run for it. Oh God! Why is this chapter so action packed? Bo-ya? Yes! Bo-ya is a demon. It's dangerous, so please leave. No, it's not. No, it's not. It's a child. It's my sister. That's it! Poor thing. Then... Don't suffer. Be kind. Oh my God! Leave us alone! We just got done almost being killed. Can you move? Even if you can't move, just move. Take your sister and run. Tomioka-san... I'm sorry! Giyu, thanks. Appreciate it. Run! Hahaha. This... It's a big deal. I feel like I've been playing this chapter for like three hours. Hahaha. So much has happened. Hahaha. Jesus. At that time... We met. Nezuko became a demon. I don't know right or left. He introduced Urokodaki-san to me. God, my body hurts. Why do I have to run? Can't Nezuko run on her own? Hahaha. Oh no, a sneak attack! Ah! My back! Run, Nezuko! This is a big deal for Tomioka-san. It's a big deal for you. How about you do something? That's true. About two years ago. It's a big deal for you to talk to me like that. Anjiro, Nezuko, attack both of them! Take them back to headquarters! Alright, well at least Nezuko... That means Nezuko's safe as long as the message... Oh, phew! Oh, they didn't even... They didn't even include the Nezuko running scene. It worked out, Nezuko was saved. This crow sounds like a dumb... Why does the crow sound like this? You and Nezuko? Ugh, they're taking us in. They're bringing us in. They're gonna cuff us and bring us in. The battle in this mountain is over. Hey, Rengoku, standing up, bro. It's time to get to work.  Bro, this guy really fused with the whole train. Let's go!


The simplest version of the t test is the one sample t test, which allows you to compare the mean of a single group that you have data from to a chosen hypothesized value, it might be a national average, it might be a theoretical value that represents the baseline against which you want to compare everything. Now, this is really easy to do in Jmovi. Here I'm using the example data set big five, which contains a number of ratings where people evaluate themselves on five major personality characteristics, neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. And these are all rated on a one to five scale. And I want to show you how we can evaluate all five of these simultaneously. But before you jump into t tests, you always want to do some exploratory analyses to see if your data are going to work well with the intended analysis. So let's go first over here to exploration. And let's go to the descriptives. And what I'm going to do here is I'm going to pick the five variables and put all of them into the variable list. By the way, Jmovi updates frequently. And in fact, from the time that I started this this morning, and I'm finishing it now, it's updated and we have a few extra options available now under descriptives. So here we have the mean, the median, the minimum and maximum by default. I also want to get the standard deviation. And I may also want to get, for instance, a normality test. And this is one of the new features. This is just a p value that lets us know whether something is normal or not. And so this one is nearly not normal. This one's far away from normal and so on and so forth. The important thing here actually is going to be the graphics and I even have some more choices here. I'm going to do a density charts like a histogram smooth out. I'm also going to do box plots, which are good for identifying outliers. And then I'm going to do the new option here, which is a qq plot, which stands for a quantile, quantile plot. And it shows how well the observed data match up against, for instance, a normal distribution that has the same mean and standard deviation as the observed data. So I'm going to click that as well. And the charts look a little different. They're color differently. But here we have neuroticism. That looks basically normal. And the box plot shows that it's basically symmetrical with a few high outliers. The qq plot, it shows information on a diagonal. And if all the dots were exactly on the diagonal, that would tell you that the distribution matches what you would expect from a normal distribution, we're really close here, we have some small variations at the tails, which is how it normally works. Extraversion, you see, it's a little bit skewed, we got some low outliers, and you can see that happening here at the bottom. Open this is symmetrical, it's slightly funny looking, you can see how it tapers off here and here. But these are not major deviations. They're statistically significant, because it's a large sample. Here, we have some low outliers on agreeableness, because most people want to say that they're really agreeable. And then conscientiousness, same general idea. And so that's some of the important background. And what I saw here is nothing really worrisome. And this is just confirmation that our data probably work well with the assumptions of a one sample t test, which includes normality. And we can go ahead and do our analysis. So now I'm going to come over here to t tests, and click on one sample t test. And when I do that, I can select my variables, I'm actually going to select all five of them simultaneously, you only want to select multiple variables if they have the same null value that you're comparing them to. Now a lot of times that null value is going to be zero. That's a silly thing to do in this case, because zero is not even in the scale, these are rated on a one to five scale. And so what I'm going to do is I'm going to come down here and I'm going to change the test value from zero to three, because that's the midpoint of a one to five scale. And when I do that, you see how this table over here updates, it's doing students t tests, the one sample t test, and you can see that all of them, the mean is significantly different from three. This is not a surprise, because most of these, there's a positive or a desirable end of the scale, people want to be agreeable, they want to be open. And so we tend to have high values. But I'm also going to look at the mean difference. How far away are each of these variables means from the hypothesized value of three. And you can see they're not really big differences, you know, two tenths of a point about six tenths of a point, we're going to get the effect size for each one of these, which compares how far the mean is of the sample data to the population mean divided by the standard deviation. And here, because the standard deviations are not big, this value coins D the common effect size for this is pretty big. For instance, openness is 1.7 standard deviations above the hypothesized mean of three, that's a big effect. We can also get the confidence interval for the mean difference, which is going to add a few columns here. And you can see that it's all positive because our means are above, except in the case of neuroticism because people don't want to be neurotic. We can also get a normality check. Just going to put this separate column here, we have a Shapiro will test. And this actually these p values here are what we had up at the top table when we checked off under descriptives. So that actually is a more convenient way to do it. I'm also going to do descriptives, which repeats a lot of the same information we had before, but sometimes it's nice to have it down here. An important thing is to look at the s e the standard error, which is the standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size. And you see that these are tiny, tiny values. They are two hundreds of a point. And that is what leads to a very funny descriptives plot, which normally shows you a confidence interval for the mean. But when our standard error is microscopic, you end up with invisible confidence intervals. In each case here, the circle shows the mean of the variable and the square shows the median and they're super close. And you can tell, for instance, that openness is a little higher, even though at this point, the labels don't automatically adjust to their little squish together. But this lets you know that yeah, everything is different from three three would be straight across right here, four of them are above one of them neuroticism is below. But this is a very compact and concise way of looking at several variables simultaneously. And if you're simply trying to get a first quick look at how your sample data matches up with some expectations about the population, then this is a very good and quick way to go.


Back on the sportsmax zone and we turn our attention to the Trinidad and Tobago top-flight football competition, the TNT Premier League. Defence Force have their work cut out if they are to retain the title. They are currently third heading into round 14. Great news for them, there are only three points behind leaders AC Port of Spain. Three points actually separate the top four. Let's take a peek at the table as it now stands heading into the weekend's matches. Police two behind in second on 24. Defence Force third on 23 La Jorqueta on 23 points in fourth, so on points they are joined, third with defence force just inferior on goal. DeFarese, Sando and prison service are the other teams in the top six. Morpheur Caledonia and Central FC. Bottom of the table at the moment. Central FC with a wretched record of 12 losses in their 12 games in 20 minutes. 12 games so far and their goal difference is minus 41 so maybe Brent can tell us something about central FC when we speak to him in a couple of minutes from now let's look at what happens this weekend 1976 Phoenix FC versus police this is Friday defense force taking on prison service and Eagles FC against the Sando the Sunday matches in the TT Premier League will be central FC 0.14 and Jorge taking on the leaders AC Port of Spain and we're now joining to give us valuable insight into the state of play football correspondent Brent Sancho Brent welcome to the Sportsmax zone great to have this discussion with you on the TT Premier Football League can you advise us at the moment though about your status with central FC which was your club are you still in charge very very much so I can advise Lance and hello to Paul and on set I'm no longer integrally involved in the day-to-day activities of central FC and maybe that is a reflection as to the position as what the club is in 12 matches and 12 losses yeah 12 matches it's you know it's really a situation where there are clubs within the league that have decided to go very young and with inexperienced players at least 95 to 90 percent of the central FC team is a very inexperienced men that 90 to 95 have not played in the league before so they do have the challenges in terms of that side of things but they've had some one or two spirited performance look a lot of the games that they've lost remarkably not have all been self-inflicted wounds they've had situations where they went one go up against club sandal last Sunday to a penalty kick and then they went on to to implode and that's been really the story this season as you know with players at a new to a league that they would make those sorts of mistakes young players in particularly they make individual errors and it has cost them throughout the season yeah before we talk about AC Port of Spain the current leaders in the league Brent I just alluded to the fact that the defense force appeared to have a battle on their hands to retain their title they did rebound from a mid-February loss to Phoenix with a victory over the weekend against police I think it was in a battle of the of the of the lawmen how equipped are the defense force this year to be champions again yeah that's a that's a difficult one and I tell you why they've had several departures from their team that the top goals going Brent Sam and we are more to their more clinical and technically gifted players have gone on to other pastures and they've lost kind Thomas a winger that is part of Angus receive squad to take on Jamaica this weekend so they have lost a few that being said they've been able to bring in a young talisman from AC Port of Spain over the transfer period to now lead the lines for them but I still feel lanced with the players that they would have lost during the transfer window it may be a lot for them to try and fill those gaps as other teams try to strengthen and of course as they pursue the leaders AC Port of Spain and Brent that leads me to my question what has made AC Port of Spain so dominant this season I think it's the experience of of the national team players and I like to jump all rush for doing market just to name a few who's a put engine on who's now on your screen those three particular to operate within the middle of the park have been exceptional throughout the season also must be stated as well Mariah that they have an experienced goalkeeper Marvin Phillips and a defense that is led by Rodan Wababaka who hasn't put a foot wrong since he started restarted his season with AC Port of Spain so those players that I just mentioned have really driven the AC Port of Spain machinery and they've been very not only very difficult to beat but they've been very difficult to play against a team that as I mentioned has a good slew a good slew of very very talented individuals that has really championed the AC Port of Spain course yeah Brent you know sometimes there are teams that perform well they just don't walk away with the results and as a result sometimes they're standings on the table not a true reflection of the type of football that they play are there any teams like that that you think is worth mentioning no I think I think the top five is a top five and they rightfully sit where they sit and I do believe that this league will be decided of course for the results that comes with the games against each other in that top five one of the things that that viewers should look out for is teams that have to go to Lahoketa is a place that has has become very very tricky for all teams in the league to go and play and several of the top teams still have a game against Lahoketa in Lahoketa and I think those games in particular would have an impact as to who's the final winner of the TT PFL because as I said the top five have really separated themselves not only in the ability to win football games but the quality that they possess within their squad has made them the better team so it's still a lot to play for the table shows you that and it's very very tight and I believe it will come down to the wire. Yeah and speaking about coming down to the wire the TT PFL is of course live on Sportsmax whenever there are matches and tomorrow coming up tomorrow there will be 1976 Phoenix FC versus police what do we expect from that match. Well I believe that the game the fixtures for this weekend is so far on hold because of the Trinidad Jamaica clash on the weekend. OK. So it will push it on to the next weekend. But there's one particular fixture that is going to play out and that is the Lahoketa Rangers fixture against AC Polispeed on Sunday. Right. Sunday. That game but I'm not sure if it's playing this Sunday may play next Sunday but I think that game in particular is going to have a lot of bearing as to how the title races is decided. As I mentioned to you it is a location that most teams struggle to go and get any joy and that AC Polispeed clash couldn't very well see either a change in fortunes as it relates to the leaders of the league or of course AC Polispeed further stretching their lead at all. Yeah Brent I always think about tournaments as more or as an overall product which means it's more than just a football that is played on the field. And you're also talking about a lot of what surrounds it including the crowd support. And I'm interested in what that has been like this season and whether you are pleased with the turnout you're seeing consistently in the stands. And if not what can be done to improve that area so that the players feel that they are part of the top division of the country's football. On the overall record it's been disappointing. And I think a lot of it is down to the fact that of course acquiring venues would you believe in a country with so many stadiums and facilities has been a challenge. They've not been a situation where a fan could pull up a fixture and there is a list of games going all the way through for the next two three months so they can plan accordingly. I think the second part of it as well as the fan experience I think that could be a little bit better because there are on the occasions when the top teams meet having a decent sized crowd but the fan experience is just not the same in terms of obviously being able to purchase beverages where you sit the viewing of the game what you experience while you're there. It's not been that sort of situation and I'm very sure those are two things that the organizers will have to try to look at because at the end of the day for a fan to keep coming back repetitively to a football fixture it's not just about who wins or who wins or loses on a pitch. It's also about what they experience while they are at that venue. And I think if that could improve along with what I said in terms of the scheduling and the facilities I think you would see a more consistent of course a crowd coming out to the games. Yeah I'm not convinced that the scheduling issues will be necessarily fixed for this campaign but how do you feel about the aspect of fan experience. Do you feel that this is something that the organizers can improve significantly or even fix for the remainder of this campaign or do we just call this one a loss and look to get better for the next campaign. Well I think it is a correlation between the venues and of course a fan experience that all of the venues barring maybe two or three within the of course the league is not owned by the organizers and because of that they can't really put on these sorts of activities that they probably want to do at these facilities. They're rented government facilities and they don't have the opportunities to whether or not issue bar licensing or any sort of license that would sell things at the venue being able to do different things that would of course give an appreciation to the fans. So at the end of the day that is something that has to be worked on. I think there needs to be a little bit more thought process behind it because it is significant. We live in a world nowadays where of course every human being has a lot of value to that dollar that they spend and then you have to give them value or more than the value that they expect. And of course that is what is expected of people that go to watch these games. So it's something that needs to be worked on. I believe maybe not this season but in going into the foot. The other the next season is something that needs to be worn into and of course improved. Yeah. All right. Brent stay right where you are because in a few moments from now we'll be continuing our discussion with you. This time talking about TNT and Jamaica and their friend list coming up this weekend. We go to break back in a moment.