Welcome. My name is Paul Lervie. I'm a consulting forester in southern part of Maine. The land that you're on is owned by the residents of Falmouth and this actual site was harvested about five to six years ago. It was harvested using what we call an in-woods processor in a forwarder. The wood was mechanically harvested. No wood was skidded. No wood was chipped. It was all carried out of here on a forwarder to a landing located in the field. With all of Falmouth's land, the goal of forest management is multiple, multiple objectives. Basically starting with the what's in the best interest for all the residents of Falmouth. So it includes recreation, aesthetics, wildlife, and timber. Timber being probably the lowest objective on their list. So with this harvest here on this property, this as is the case with most land in southern Maine was all ag land at one point. As evidenced by the barbed wire in the woods, this was what we would call unimproved pasture area here. So during the late 1800s early 1900s a lot of this land the pastures were abandoned and they were reverted to forest. So this is a forest that reverted probably 100, 120 years ago from being open land. So the goal of this harvest was one to improve the health of the forest and provide an increased wildlife habitat opportunities, whether it be associated with riparian areas, diversifying the age classes of the forest and diversifying the species composition in the forest. So the goal of this harvest all the timber was marked by me. Each tree that was removed from here was painted and the goal again was to maintain and increase the species diversity on this site and the age structure on this site. Which I think was we've accomplished. As you can see we have understory, midstory, and overstory. The forest in this area are primarily pine oak forest and we've continued to maintain the pine oak component of this forest and the goal is to increase that component over time. Long-term management goals would be to have a forest dominated by multiple age classes and provide down woody debris, large snags, medium snags, travel corridors along riparian corridors, keeping our riparian corridors intact to help keep water temperatures lower on the streams. So those are all long-term goals associated with the management of foundless forests. And basically with these forests we manage recreational opportunities but we always judge the impact of the recreational opportunities on wildlife, the timber, and the forest health. So where we're standing right now is this is one of our what we would call a hall road. This is where the wood was taken out of the forest by a forewarder and as you can see there's quite a bit of wood litter debris on the ground and this is all done on purpose. The way that an inwoods processor works is as it's cutting trees it's processing the what we call debris but it would be brush, small woody debris in the trail and then it's driving on it. The goal of that is to basically try to eliminate compaction to the soil and exposure of the soil by running on this brush. This brush is used to help filter any water on the surface before it gets into streams and although it looks it doesn't look neat the benefits of doing this are immense. Not only for the soil but for water quality and wildlife habitat. This forest here represents what we've discussed earlier in the videos related to species diversity, age diversity, and structure within the forest. It provides all those necessary requirements that we shoot for forestry for main birds and as I talked earlier it's also one of the main objectives of the management with this landowner is to provide multiple levels and age classes within the forest of all species as many species as possible and so this is the example this is what we're shooting for in our management is diversity in age diversity in species and diversity in structure and this is this is not only does it benefit forestry for main birds and wildlife it also is a benefit to the health of the forest and the timber here as well. So when when you're managing for multiple age classes multiple species and diversity not only does it benefit birds but it benefits many other species of wildlife providing cover providing travel corridors providing winter shelter and providing a food source for other animals as well.


Thank you for that. Hi everybody and good afternoon. I'm Cheryl. I am the new director of Ecosystem at the CNCF. First question. Who has heard of the CNCF? How many people have not heard of the CNCF? Cool, a number of people.  The most famous project is Kubernetes. The members include all of the large cloud providers across the US and China. Question. What's missing from this? Answer. End users. That's why we build this. That's why we work on these products and projects. The CNCF also hosts a bunch of end users, including Bloomberg, in the end user community. My role as director of Ecosystem is to make these end users successful and productive. I've been spending some time thinking about how do you understand the needs of such a diverse group of companies? Should you slice it by vertical or by region, by size or age or market cap? I want to think about how these companies adopt Cloud Native. In the 1994 book Crossing the Chasm, more defined the five segments of technology consumers. You've got the innovators, the techies who are willing to invest hours into making anything and everything work and they live on the bleeding edge. Then you've got the early adopters who have the insight between some emerging technology and a strategic opportunity. They can merge those two things and they have the personal clout to turn that into a high visibility, high risk project. Then you get the early majority and those are the ones who have existing operations that they want to improve or improve productivity by adopting a new piece of tech. Hence the chasm between the first two and the third segment. The first two are looking for disruption and change. The early majority want continuity and evolution rather than revolution. Not coincidentally, these segments map onto the CNCF project identities. Sandbox, incubating and graduation projects. Instead of thinking about the CNCF as a bunch of projects and a bunch of members, you can think of it as an organization that helps open source cloud native technology cross the chasm and get adopted by the mainstream. Kubernetes was the first in 2018 to graduate or cross the chasm in CNCF terms followed by Prometheus. It's worth noting that chasm crossing isn't the end of the story. A third of consumers live in the late majority and those just want something that will work. They don't necessarily want to spend a huge amount of time or need a lot of deep expertise to make this work. For instance, using a managed Kubernetes service could help reduce the amount of initial setup and the operational complexity. Of course, as the tech becomes predictable and reliable enough, this opens up a new wave of innovation and a new bunch of projects that will hopefully successfully move into that early stage. How you and your organization's work might have an impact on what sort of technologies you should be looking at or adopting. If you are in the innovator techie section and you can live with half-baked functionality and missing documentation and you can work directly with project maintainers, then you could be in the innovators. If you're an early adopter, you will probably be looking at what are the business outcomes? Why should I adopt this tech and what impact will it have on my organization? If you're in the early majority phase, you should look at the case studies which are published on the CNCF website as reference guides from other end users who can help you understand how they've adopted the tech. If you want to learn more, I highly recommend you come to one of the KubeCon or Cloud NativeCon events. Those run now across North America, Europe and China. I think it's the best place to share your experiences and to learn from other people as well. That's it. If you'd like to chat to me, then you can reach me at seahung at linuxfoundation.org, or you can find me on Twitter or Osherwell. Thank you for your time. I hand over to the next speaker.


Okay, so let's try this problem. It's like an Avogadro's number problem. It says how many moles of potassium are in 1.25 times 10 to the 21st atoms of potassium? Okay, so this is just a simple conversion actually, but in order to do it, you've got to know what conversion factor to use. Okay, and you're going to have to use Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number will be given to you on the quiz or exam, so it's one mole, in this case, of potassium equals 6.022 times 10 to the 23rd atoms of potassium like that. So we've got the number of atoms of potassium, and we want the number of moles of potassium. Okay, so the number of moles of potassium, well, we're just going to say 1.25 times 10 to the 21st atoms of potassium. And do we have a conversion factor that'll convert that to moles? Written up there? Yes, we do. Okay, so all we're going to do is multiply that. What units are we going to put on the bottom? Atoms of potassium. Okay, so which number is that? 1 or 6.022? Yeah, the 6.022. So how did I know that one had to be on the bottom? Because I have to cancel out my units. Okay, so you're having a hard time with that, deciding which one. You're always going to get the wrong answer unless you just happen to be lucky. Okay, so make sure you know you're canceling these units out to get the other units. That's what we're trying to do. Okay, so now all it is is just plug them into your calculator and you're done. Okay, so 1.25 e to the 21 divide that by Avogadro's number, 6.022 e to the 23rd. I get what is a small number, as you would expect, 2.08 times 10 to the negative 3 moles of potassium. So that's how many moles of potassium there are and that many atoms of potassium, 1.25 times 10 to the 24th. Okay, questions on that one? Can I kill it?


So I want to talk about Klanoha too. Some of you may have heard of the first one. A few of you probably know of this one, and I find it very unlikely that anyone has heard of all these spin-off games. Back when I was a wee lad and too small to reach some doorknobs, I played this game all the time, and because of this it became one of my favorites. Fortunately, it's good to see many years later that at the time it reviewed well across the board and got a ton of awards. And if I'm honest, it doesn't seem like it's aged that badly. On the flip side, it sold poorly. Extremely poorly. Like, less than a quarter million copies poorly. So what is it? It's a puzzle platformer with an anthropomorphic mascot on the PS2, so it's not surprising why it may have drowned in the sea of the things during the massive mascot platformer Downpour. Followed by the kart racer virus, followed by the zombie game trend that still peeks its head out to see if anyone hadn't made a zombie game in the last couple of months, followed by the modern military shooter and the MOBA and so on and so on. So it's not unreasonable to think that because of how over-saturated the PS2 was, that it may have been lost in the crowd. Gameplay-wise, it's very basic. You can jump and you can shoot, and that's about it. Where it gets interesting is that instead of shooting to kill like a more traditional platformer, Kono goes about defeating his enemies and obstacles very differently. That is to capture them and turn them into a bad deviant art drawing and then throwing them at their fellow kin. Kono's ring has a very short range, so you'll have to rely on this capturing and throwing mechanic in order to reach certain targets. Not only this, but by jumping twice with a captured enemy, you can break the laws of physics by throwing the enemy downwards to propel yourself higher. The devs actually do a really good job fleshing out this mechanic and create a huge variety of enemies and obstacles that push it much further than a simple gimmick. There are enemies that can slowly lift you up into the air, enemies that will start to tick like a time bomb before exploding, enemies that absorb other enemies to change colors and unlock doors with corresponding colors, enemies that let you turn into a goddamn lightning bolt and shoot through the air, wrecking anything in your path, only to leave a trail of destruction and death behind you as you move on to the next victims. And some fireflies too. That's pretty neat. You play as the titular Konoa, who is a cat scum-grabbit-thing. The game calls him a dream traveler, which is to say that he travels to different realms to bring balance in times of great peril. This was the case in the first game, where the actual protagonist summons him and tricks him into caring about the world by embedding false memories of them growing up together and being great friends. That actually sounds pretty manipulative now that I say it out loud. You what?! Before the end, where it's all ripped away because Konoa's job is done and he must be banished because he is not of that realm. It would be understandably traumatizing if you saw this as a kid. This whole dream traveler idea actually opens up a lot of possibilities for the Konoa games. It means the developers can explore a lot of wacky and weird ideas for settings and characters, while still making sense within the universe. In this one, a mysterious voice is calling out for help and Konoa, a drift in the PlayStation 2 startup menu, is summoned once again. Or at least what looks like being thrown into the sea like the ending of Titanic. He's almost abducted by a mysterious airship piloted by some dark figures, before being rescued by Popka, a dog, I think, and Lolo, a clumsy anime grill, isn't she quirky? They need him to help them ring a bell. I see what you did there. At the center of the series of islands, Konoa agrees to help, Lolo goes into the ring, okay, and thus tutorial level. After some good ol' video game training wheels, Konoa and friends ring the first bell, and go to see the great sage Baguji. But Baguji, Baguji, Baguji, Baguji, who must be high as a kite 24x7 because his music sounds like this. I just thought he was meant to be some sort of sage when I was a kid, but looking at this guy now, I know for sure he's on all the drugs. He explains that the four bells of Lunatea that each represent an emotion keep the world at peace. Unfortunately, a fifth bell will soon appear and its coming arrival is causing chaos everywhere. He asks for Konoa's help. Konoa says, yeah, sure, I'll save the world. And the adventure begins. First task, go see the High Priestess. So the plot's pretty straightforward. Ring some bells, stop the fifth bell, save the world. Not the most original or creative, but it's simple and to the point. This is great because now we have a goal and aren't mucking about trying to figure out what the main plot is. While the characters do a whole bunch of nothing that doesn't amount to anything because we still haven't established what they're supposed to be doing yet. They travel to the Kingdom of Tranquility, Lalakusha, which is very fun to say, and take a detour through the Temple of the Goddess Claire, where we get some minor world building of all things. At the Temple of the High Priestess, Lolo pledges to become a Priestess herself. Because you need permission to save the world, I guess. The Priestess says we must collect the elements of each bell in order to prevent Armageddon. The crew heads towards the bell of Tranquility and surprise, there's a monster there. Which isn't really blocking the way. I mean really, you had to turn around to see him. You can just keep going and ring the bell. It's revealed that the suspicious figures at the beginning of the game were Leona, the Sky Pirate, and her sidekick, Tat. Don't you forget it.  She has all the makings of cool, edgy villain. One, long flowing trench coat. Two, scoff at everything. And three, harpsichord theme song. She wants Klanoha's ring. Lolo says, No! And you jump into the first boss encounter. This is going to be a reoccurring thing throughout the game. Nearly every major area finishes with a two-stage boss fight in a circular arena, where the devs really put the .5 extra dimension in 2.5D to good use. In fact, they put the extra dimension to good use a lot of times in the rest of the game. Like here, where you have to hit a pendulum in the center, so that the momentum pushes it to break apart the debris on the other side, clearing the way for you. First boss isn't particularly difficult. Hit the weak spot, avoid the extremities. Leona escapes, or at least I think that's what's assumed. Her ship just kind of hangs there in the cutscene. And Klanoha rings the bell. The bell? We call it an element for short. Uh, what? Short for... that's not... they're not the same word. You know, when something's short for... you know what? Whatever. Klanoha hears the same voice from the beginning, asking for help again, and everyone looks at him like he's crazy. Back at Baguji. Baguji. Baguji. We learn that the ring Klanoha uses requires a priestess to power it, which is why Lolo has to get sucked into it all magical girl weapon style. So even if Leona were to steal it, she couldn't use it. In your face, Leona. Additionally, the crew's next target is the Kingdom of Joylent. One big amusement park. I think this is a good place to point out that Klanoha's levels are very out there. In a good way. You have much more than your traditional grass level, desert level, water level, alien spaceship level. Wait, what? You've got an amusement park, giant airship labyrinths, broken ruins, empty coral seas, some weird MC Esher house of mirrors. I don't even know. They're just so creative and memorable. I mean, look at this! Anyway, on the way in, Tat steals the element, and before Popka can stop her, she splits in two and Klanoha has to catch the one that has it. It doesn't matter which one you pick, it's always the last one. One of them hides in the water park, but Klanoha can't swim because he was a video game character made before 2010. Fortunately, Popka rented a surfboard, and here is where the game introduces its other main mechanic, and what makes up about 10% of the levels. Surfing. The game cuts between basically a high-speed auto-scrolling 2D section and a full-on 3D. It's a nice change of pace from all the platforming. Things are more hectic, getting collectibles is more challenging since you can't go back as easily, and surfing around at high speeds just makes you feel like the kind of radical kids in commercials that would have been airing around the time this game came out. You catch Tat after racing her in what's essentially a big circle, and unfortunately this one doesn't have the element. And so the team heads to the main amusement park. And boy, what an amusement park it is. And it's here that I'll mention one of my nitpicks with this game, the tutorial interruptions. Tat, for some reason, tells Klanoha how to reach her by using a special enemy. Weird thing is, the player could have figured this out on their own without explanation. It's the only thing here, and there were other enemies in the past that didn't require tutorial. So did the devs not have enough faith that the players would figure it out, that they felt like they had to use one of their villains to do something so dumb as to explain to their enemy how to reach them so that the player wouldn't be lost? I mean, Tat's trying to steal the element for Leona. Why would she want to help Klanoha?  But I don't think you could reach any further if you had a grabby T-Rex head. The silver lining is that you can skip it, but I feel like it was a waste in a lot of ways. Continuing, Klanoha goes through a Spoo-Moo-Kee haunted house, and Lolo pees herself. So quirky! You catch the second tat and take the element from her. After that, you fight another boss. Leona says some stuff about being evil, Klanoha rings the second bell, and gets the element of joy. Oh, quirky! You also unlock a boss rush mode and extra challenge stages here. So neat! The next place is Volk, the Kingdom of Discord, where the people are always at war. Like, to an unhealthy degree, bombs are dropping literally all the time. It's here that the gang learned that the last fight Klanoha had, Leona was able to gather enough data to create a copy of his ring, and is willing to blow up the kingdom's reactors to do so. We go through the factory in the city proper to shut them down. We fight another Leona's bosses, and plot twist! The reactors were decoys, and it's the last bit of data Leona needed to complete the ring. She rings the bell, gains the element, and the reactors go haywire. And if Klanoha and crew don't stop them, they could destroy the entire kingdom. Obviously, you do so. A-O-D-A-L-E-L-E-L-E. Team Furry's next stop is Mira-Mira, the Kingdom of Indecision. Thing is, the place is very xenophobic and isn't very open to outsiders. In fact, all of the kingdoms are pretty secluded from each other it seems. And the only way to reach it is by reactivating an old arc that used to help people travel all over the world. And man, is the arc massive and beautiful. This is probably one of my favorite environments in the game. And I don't know how to segue individuals, so I'll cram that into here too, why not? The game is pretty, and it still holds up two decades later, in my humble opinion. There are certainly some gnarly textures every now and then, and the lack of detail kinda pulls you out of it at some points, but its overall style is very simple. It gets the job done, especially with how expressive the characters are. Anyway, you activate the arc's three engines and off to the land of indecision you go. You surf to some kind of rock-pop track with Klanowa singing... Wow, no wonder people thought this game was Sonic RIP off, and find the maze of memories where the occupants have something of a really sad existence. They bask in mirrors that reflect their past experiences and see no reason to ever go outside. Why leave if you can keep reliving bygone days? You know, this game gets into some pretty heavy subject matter. The kingdoms are isolated, any signs of happiness, the people of the land seem to have come from ignorance of current events. Even Volk is too busy fighting itself to find a solution to the ever encroaching fifth bell. Ignorance is bliss, and it seems the citizens of Lunatea have no problems just bathing in it. Speaking of depressing, one of the mirrors reflects a traumatic memory of Lolo's, showing how she was picked on and no one ever believed she could become a priestess, that she can't do anything on her own, that she's nothing but a failure, an embarrassment. Even Baguji emphasizes that Klanowa is the one that will save the world. Uh, now I kinda feel bad about ironically calling her quirky. She feels undeserving of the title of priestess and she didn't earn it. It's not a stretch to believe that having the legendary dream traveler with you might have influenced your boss to promote you. Uh, yeah, hey boss, could I have a raise, maybe?  You think that maybe could warrant a higher salary? Oh, I don't know. You'll need to prove yourself some way. Well, I brought the dream traveler with me. Oh damn, okay, well, I can guess. All right, sure. You could be priestess whatever. Hey, dream traveler, how would you like to save the world? But that was supposed to be my job. They finally make their way to the bell of indecision. But the Great Teiku Tree says NOOOO! and drops a boss in front of them. Klanowa asks for Lolo's help. She gets all emo. So he goes, da screw it, I'll do it myself. Lolo watches from the sidelines and gets all nihilistic. What's the point of fighting if you're not good enough? Popka slaps some sense into her by insulting Klanowa. Damn, Popka. That's kind of mean. Now's a good time to talk about how this game uses music, I think. Because what you've been hearing right now is Lolo's theme. It's used several times in the game. Like here, it's whimsical. And here, it's sad. It's her light motif, something that sideways, one of my favorite musical channels, can tell you all about. Check him out. He does cool stuff about music theory. Anyway, it's not just her. Klanowa has a theme of his own as well. It can be heard here, and here, but also a musical instrument associated with him. As I've said before, Leona has the harpsichord, Lolo is strings and or bells, Tat is a xylophone, and Klanowa is some kind of woodwind. My guess is a pan flute, but I could be wrong. And the composer makes sure to sprinkle these light motifs and signature instruments everywhere. It's a good way to get the audience to associate things with certain characters, just by putting these little themes in. It's a nice touch. And it helps that the game's original soundtrack is pretty good in its own right. Lalakusha is soft and graceful like a lullaby. Volk is just bumpin' with a rhythm and swing. The arc is otherworldly and majestic. Just all the music in this game is so good and so memorable. On a semi-related note, most of the stages have two versions of its own associated track, which are interchanged depending if the player is in an indoor or outdoor part of the level. Here, let me show you an example. It's a small touch, but it's a very cool touch nonetheless, and it's one of the many things that shows the dev team really put their heart and soul into this game. Anyway, the team defeats the boss and impresses the not-Deku tree and acquire the last element and head back to Baguji. And it's at this point that I will put up a spoiler warning in case any of you want to play this for themselves. I do highly recommend it, but, understandably, it is an old game that may be hard to come by nowadays. I mean, seriously, look at this. That's insane! I feel kind of lucky that I still have the physical disc. Lolo hands Baguji the element and surprise! Leona disguised herself while Baguji was out running errands, which is really funny imagery. Can you imagine this cloaked weirdo with a super tall banana hat in the grocery store? She combines the elements and almost seems possessed as we hear the mysterious voice once again. She plans to save the world herself, which doesn't actually sound that bad, but I guess she's evil, so we have to stop her. With Baguji gone, the team heads back to the high priestess in Lalakusha, where the chaos of the fifth bell has started to get a little unmanageable. The sky has darkened, the monsters are more dangerous, and the air inside the ruins is poisonous.  A very cool remix of the original level and a stark contrast to the old Lalakusha with the nice blue skies and pleasant music. We see the priestess, and it's revealed that Leorna was once also a priestess in training, but she was impatient and unhappy with how slow her progress and power was. I don't know why, but this character art sounds somewhat familiar, but I can't quite put my finger on it. Leorna destroys the island where the first level took place, revealing the fifth bell. We try to stop her, but it's too late, and Leorna does the unthinkable.  We're screwed! This also reveals a second arc, one that will bridge the four kingdoms with the fifth one. From this point, the overworld gets pretty messed up. The lemonade, turns out, has drained the sea of its water, revealing a portal to the fifth kingdom. Klenua hops on to his trusty stolen surfboard and heads to the ark with my favorite track in the game. That's some good 5-4 time signature. We make it to the ark, and Leorna seems to have gone crazy with power of the elements, when suddenly this boss, the build-up of Leorna as a villain, the music which is my other favorite track of the game, the design, the mechanics. Ugh, I love this boss. Just the spectacle of it all is awesome.  Did you see that?  How she fights is awesome. How you fight her is awesome. Everything about this boss fight is awesome. Except maybe that little ball that doesn't really get explained. That thing's pretty lame. After defeating her, Leorna returns to her original form, albeit wounded and extremely weak. And she reveals that she just wanted to prove herself. Much like Lolo, she just wanted to save the world. But now, because of her, it's falling apart. And it breaks her. She gives the team her blessing to stop the arc, and thus, Klenow and friends attempt to turn off the engines. And how do we do that? Well, we blow them up. This level is definitely one of the more spectacular. You travel a remixed arc level with the occasional on-rails platforming on top of Leorna's ship, and the intense music to this stage really puts forth the dire nature of the situation. With the arc taken down, the team takes the path it opened to the Aponia, the Kingdom of Sorrow. And so, Klenow begins the last part of his journey. And this place is weird. The architecture doesn't make sense. The placement of everything is seemingly random. Even the music that plays seems to have spontaneous bits of stuff in it. It's alien, as you would imagine the Kingdom from Another World would be. The surfing stage is equally as trippy. Designs worked all over the place, destroyed, all the mysterious voice continues to beg for help.  That's right. It's 3D all day, all the time. Which means a whole lot of falling. Nowadays, though, it poses a nice challenge. In fact, the whole game has been ramping up difficulty at a nice pace, but more on that later. After that, we make it to the throne, where we meet the King of Sorrow himself, who looks somewhat similar in design to Klonoha, which I'm certain is on purpose. He says that he's not the cause of the Fifth Bell's appearance, and that it was always there, only that the people of Lunataire refused to accept it. No one ever wanted Sorrow in their life, so they tried to suppress it, distract themselves with other feelings, not ever wanting to be sad. Hmm, something about that sounds so familiar, I just can't put my finger on it. In all seriousness, this is quite the subject matter to tackle for young kids, which this game has obviously aimed at. Not only that, it's kind of a dark subject as well to somewhat touch on the fear of being forgotten, that no one wants you, and that people are willing to ignore the things that are hard to accept, because it's easier, even if they're lying to themselves in doing so. The King reveals that he created Baguji, summoned Klonoha, and more or less, fabricated their whole adventure so that they could lift Lunataire's veil of ignorance. I see what you did there. Thus the King attacks Klonoha W-wh-what? Where-where? What? What is this? What am I doing? What is this, boss? Okay, another nitpick. And sort of a big one this time. But this first boss, I think is pretty lame and unnecessary. I think the developers wanted to pad out the game and put in one last surfing boss since they had one, one and also maybe tat if you stretch what a boss fight is in this game. But this is just kinda dumb. What is this guy even supposed to be? Like some kind of clockwork beholder eye thing? What are we surfing on? Dream juice? Dream lube? Not to mention the music is repetitive and grating. It loops after like 10 seconds. I honestly think they could have removed this fight and it would have not have affected the game or story at all. Nothing gets explained. In fact, every time I reach this part I wish I could skip it. The only saving grace is that it doesn't last long as you defeat whatever the heck this thing is and fight the King of Sorrow himself. But not before Liorna gives us the power of the four elements so that we can show the King of Sorrow the emotions of the four kingdoms. Very anime. Now, Klenoa's ring is... This means we can shoot rainbows now. Happy Pride Month everybody. With the King defeated, it's revealed that he was the one who was calling for help all this time. Klenoa complies with his wishes and rings the bell of sorrow. With the King in his arms, Klenoa promises they won't forget about sorrow. Finally at peace, the King transforms into the fifth and final element. So core- Back in Lunatea, Liorna is leading the charge to help rebuild the Kingdom of Sorrow. Klenoa and Lolo look over the horizon where we see that Lolo's given up her title of Priestess as she wishes to work hard to re-obtain it on her own. She's a strong independent anime animal thing and she don't need no dream traveler to achieve her goals. After short exchange, Klenoa starts to walk away. He isn't a part of Lunatea and has just finished his mission. It's time for him to leave. Thus, Anime Grill, noticing her good friend of which she's bonded on this long and arduous journey, says her goodbye in an elegant, graceful manner. Now as a youngin at about age eight or nine, I would be balling at this. However, I am now a grown adult, and though this attempt is admirable, I am unaffected by its feeble efforts to jerk tears out of my eyeballs. But good try. Okay, it's probably chalked up to nostalgia or the fact that I've also had to give this kind of goodbye to a very good friend before, but damn if this doesn't hit me like a truck. Even knowing that it was coming, I still wasn't ready for it when I replayed this more than a decade after the last time I did. When it's someone you have a deep love for, it's never easy to say goodbye. Klenoa says one last thanks to Lolo and heads off to his next adventure. Credits roll and we see the recovery of the five kingdoms now at peace and no longer isolated from each other. Accepting the other emotions, including Saro. The monsters have left Lalakusha, Volk is no longer building weapons and instead in the process of repair, Miramira isn't so exclusive anymore, and Joylent, well Joylent hasn't really changed. And that was Klenoa too. So I sung a lot of praise for this game, and aside from the nitpicks I pointed out, it sounds like it's flawless, right? And you already know where I'm going with this. Although I did say the game ramps up, it is exceedingly easy. Even as a child being inexperienced at this game, I still remember easily dodging most of the enemies and finishing the stages without a single death. The puzzles in this game aren't the hugest of head-scratchers either, aside from a few instances in The Maze of Memories. Even towards the end of the game, they're pretty straightforward, which is a shame, because I think they totally could have pulled off Maze of Memories' crazy kind of puzzles in Huponia to make it a very challenging, last traditional level that ties back and incorporates everything you learn throughout the game. Instead, it consists of disappearing wireframe blocks. And that feels super lazy. These are like platformer challenge 101, and it's in the penultimate level of the game. Also, most of the characters, aside from Leona and Lolo, are pretty shallow.   Tat is just straight up annoying, and only seems to exist so that Popka has someone to oppose. The dynamic and parallels between Leona and Lolo are really interesting. It's just a little sad that that's not spread to the other characters. But otherwise, it's a solid game, with an interesting story and a deep message. Unfortunately, we never got a proper sequel. Sure, plenty of spin-off games and the like, but never fully fledged Klenoa 3, with the dream traveler going to another world in need of his assistance. As I mentioned, the game tanked. And it tanked really, really hard. It's name lost in obscurity, a drift in the forgotten ties of the oversaturated PS2 market. And I don't anticipate a sequel anytime soon either, as much as I'd like one. Klenoa is not a name people recognize. It has no franchise power. It's not really considered a classic, and it only barely has a cult following. The original got a remaster on the Wii sometime in 2008, but that also sold poorly, hammering the last nail in the coffin. So Namco abandoned it. Makes sense. Well, I keep making what people won't buy. But I at least hope that by talking about this game, I could share my appreciation. I know that realistically, Klenoa is to be left behind with the sixth generation of consoles, and most likely won't make a return. But hey, one can always dream.


What's happening guys, it's Shane here. And today I have a really interesting video for you. So we are going to be talking about the highest paying professional degrees. Now, you might be asking yourself, Shane, what the heck is a professional degree? Well, I'm glad you asked. And the way I like to explain it is a professional degree is almost like the combination of a traditional college degree mixed with a trade school certification.  If you go to trade school to learn plumbing, you probably want to become a plumber. Now, this isn't necessarily true for a lot of college degrees. A lot of the time you'll get a college degree and then you do something that is completely unrelated to it. Now, this can be by design in some cases. Some college degrees are just very flexible and you can do a lot of different things with them. But with a lot of them, there just isn't that much work for the skill set that it teaches you. But professional degrees kind of combine both of these together. If you go to school for a professional degree, say nursing or doctor or a lawyer or something along those lines, chances are you intend to go into that profession. Whereas if you get a physics degree, for instance, you might end up becoming a computer programmer or working in the finance industry or something along those lines. Now again, this can be a good thing or a bad thing depending on your situation. I will say that professional degrees on average pay more than any other type of degree. And I'm going to give you a variety of different options. So let's jump right into it right after you gently tap that like button. You thought I forgot, didn't you? No, I don't forget. Actually, sometimes I do forget. But anyways, let's set a goal for this video for 2,728 likes. Also, if you haven't done it already, hit that subscribe button and ring the notification bell as well. All right, so number 10 on the list is going to be a Masters of Business Administration. This is, of course, a master's level degree and it is a business related degree as well. So that means you would likely get a four year undergraduate degree and then you'd do another two years in order to get your Masters of Business Administration or MBA. Now, I do have mixed feelings about MBAs as a whole just because there's so many different programs out there that offer this. I mean, you can get an MBA while you're doing something else. That was an option for me when I was in pharmacy school. You can also very easily get an MBA online. And this is actually one of the most common professional degrees so many people have MBAs these days. But with that being said, in certain situations, if you have a good plan, you're going to the right school, this can be a good choice. So one of the great things about all business degrees MBA included is they tend to be extremely flexible. So just about every industry, every company hires people who have business degrees. So there are so many different directions you could go. For instance, you could become a management analyst or management consultant and they make about $87,000 a year. You could also become a financial manager and they make about $134,000 a year. So yeah, this can be a very good choice for the right person. The next one on the list is going to be a doctor of veterinary medicine or DVM. And this is the degree that you would get if you wanted to become a veterinarian. Now, this is a very popular degree, a very popular profession as well. Many people want to become veterinarians because they love spending time around animals. Now this is a doctoral level degree. So you'll likely have your undergraduate degree. It's about four years. And then another four years of training and classroom and clinical certification, et cetera, on top of that. But for all of that, you will get to work with animals. And on top of it, you'll be making about $99,000 a year. Now, this is also one of those degrees where it's growing at 17%, which is much faster than average. To put that in perspective, the average career is growing at about 4 to 5%. And that is according to BLS over the next 10 years. The next one on the list, number eight is going to be a master's in health administration. So with this degree, you will usually have your undergraduate degree, which is four years. And then you'll do an additional two to three years of schooling. So this is a six to seven year degree. Now, this is a very common degree that you see people getting if they want to work as a manager or an executive in healthcare. A lot of the time, these people will already be working in healthcare, either as an administrative role or maybe they're doing something like nursing or something along those lines. Now there's a lot of different career paths you could go down, but one of them is you could become a health services manager. According to BLS, they make about $104,000 a year and it's growing at an absolutely ridiculous 32% over the next 10 years. So it pays really well right now and it will likely pay very well into the future. The next one on the list, number seven is going to be a doctor of optometry or OD.  They're basically a doctor that treats all things related to the eyes. Now they do diagnose and treat a lot of different visual problems, but their focus is on prescribing eyeglasses or contacts. Now this is one of those careers where I did a ton of research on it. And in my opinion, I think BLS is actually a little bit wrong on this one. I think it's even better than what it says on BLS. And don't get me wrong, it's still pretty good on BLS. So they make about $118,000 a year and it says it's growing about 9%, which is pretty good. But that's actually relatively low compared to a lot of other professional degrees. But I think the reason that it's probably gonna be even better than 9% is because people are staring at screens, their phones, their computers, their TVs, their tablets, et cetera, for a ridiculously long period of time. And because of that, their vision is going to degrade. And it's gonna be a lot worse than it was in the past. And so that is going to increase the need for more and more optometrists in my opinion. So I think this one is gonna be even better than what it says on BLS. BLS does a great job in my opinion with all of their different objective ways of measuring what the demand is. But I think in this particular case, there's something that is impossible to measure objectively and it's more of a subjective sort of opinion thing. So I disagree with them on this one. Number six on the list is going to be a Masters of Science in Nursing or MSN. And this is what you would get if you wanted to become a nurse practitioner. Now, nurse practitioners also known as APRNs or Advanced Practice Registered Nurses can do many of the same things as a doctor. They can prescribe, they can diagnose. They are somewhat limited depending on regulations, what they can prescribe and diagnose. But this is one of those careers that I really love because a lot of people want to become a doctor for the right reasons, but they don't wanna go through the ridiculously long amount of time. It takes to go through MD or DO school. You know, you have to do eight years of schooling and then a residency that lasts three to seven years. This is a much faster way to do something that's very similar to what you would be doing as a doctor. But in my opinion, you have a better work-life balance and you don't have to sacrifice as much. This is one of my favorite careers out there. Fantastic one. If you've watched my other videos about health careers, you've probably heard about this one. But yeah, nurse practitioners make about $117,000 per year and they're growing at an absolutely ridiculous 45% over the next 10 years. That is likely going to be the highest on this video by far. It's also very flexible. So you have the option of going back and getting your DNP, which is a doctorate of nurse practitioner training. And then that way you make even more money and you can do even more stuff. There's certain specialties like nurse anesthetist where you can easily clear $200,000 a year. Number five on the list is going to be a jurist doctor. And this is the degree that you would get if you wanted to become a lawyer. Now, in order to become a lawyer, you're usually gonna have a four-year bachelor degree and then grad school, it takes around three years or so. So it's about a seven-year degree overall, but it is a doctoral level degree. And then after you graduate from law school, you have to pass a very difficult exam called the BAR exam that Kim Kardashian recently failed. Now, lawyers make around $126,000 a year and it's growing at about 9%, which is a little above average. I will say one thing about becoming a lawyer is it could be number one on this list or it could not make the top 100, right? A lot of people who get their law degree try to become lawyers, end up not working as a lawyer or an attorney at all. Or they work for a few years, get tired of it and they quit and just try something else. This is one of those careers that's high risk, high reward. It's extremely competitive, very difficult work. You're gonna be working at really long hours, but there are lawyers out there that make tens of millions of dollars a year. The next one on the list is a little bit more of a stable career and that is going to be a PharmD or Doctor of Pharmacy. This is the degree that I got and of course with this degree, you would become a pharmacist. Now pharmacists of course are famous for being able to read doctor's handwriting and then interpreting that chicken scratch and safely dispensing the medication that the doctor meant. But they also do a bunch of other things as well. So for instance, they answer health questions to the public and pharmacists are actually the most accessible healthcare professional. You can literally go up to a pharmacist and ask them a question and they'll probably be able to answer it within a few minutes. Whereas if you try to ask your doctor a question, it might be a few weeks. On top of that, pharmacists also do a number of other healthcare related tasks. We take blood pressure, we measure blood sugar, we do immunizations. And there are many other pharmacist jobs besides the usual one that you probably picture in your head when you think of a pharmacist, the person with the white coat working in your grocery store. There's actually 49 different types of pharmacists the last time I counted. And they make about $128,000 a year. So yeah, I've talked about this one a lot on my channel. Can be a great career for the right type of person. I will say that many people go into pharmacy for the wrong reasons. I think they go into it because it's a doctorate. It's one of the easier doctorates maybe to get. I don't know if I should say that, but yeah. And on top of that, it makes a lot of money. So a lot of people go into it not knowing what they're getting themselves into and they end up not being happy with it. Number three on the list is going to be a doctor of podiatry. And this is going to be a doctor that is an expert in all things related to the lower leg. So basically your feet and your ankles. This is another one where you have to earn a four year degree on top of usually having an undergraduate degree as well. So it's going to be about eight years. And for that, you'll make around $134,000 a year. So yeah, very high paying and can be good for the right person. Number two on the list is going to be a doctor of dental medicine or DDS. And you would get this degree in order to become a dentist. This is another one that's going to be four plus four. So eight years overall. One thing about this career I always like to mention is you take out a lot of money in order to get through dental school. It's very expensive. And then on top of that, a lot of people will take out additional loans in order to start their own practice. So you may end up being $500,000 plus dollars in debt. Maybe even over a million dollars in debt. So just keep that in mind. This is one of those careers where you kind of have to delay gratification for a long period of time. You'll likely be paying down your debt into your thirties or forties. But with that being said, if you are able to start a successful practice and pay down all of your debt, which you probably will eventually, this is a fantastic one for you to get into. It's not personally my taste. I tend to shy away from degrees where you have to spend a ridiculous amount of time just to get back to zero, just to dig yourself out of the hole. But it can be great for the right person. So with this one, you'll make around $164,000 a year. And it's growing at 8%, which is a little bit above average. But I would say if you compare that to other healthcare related professions and degrees, the demand there is not as good as a lot of other ones. And in fact, the last two, I forgot to mention the demand on them, they weren't that great either. Number one on the list is gonna be no surprise to anybody. That is going to be a medical doctor. And you can become a medical doctor by getting an MD degree or a DO. Currently, MD is a little bit better than DO. It's harder to get into an MD program than it is to get into a DO program. And they do make slightly more money. However, over the next five to 10 years or so, they are merging these two degrees. So they both become medical doctors. So they probably will have no difference whatsoever. They're just gonna be the same thing. Now becoming a medical doctor is extremely rigorous. You have to go through undergrad and you have to get really good grades. It's not easy to get into med school at all. So you have to not only get your degree, but you have to be a stellar student, which is not easy to do. And then on top of that, they expect you to do lots of different extracurriculars, lots of shadowing, et cetera. And then if you are lucky enough to make it into med school, medical school itself is very difficult. And then if you're lucky enough to make it through medical school, then you have a three to seven year residency to look forward to. And then some people even go back and do another fellowship that could be another two or three years, right? So this is another one of those degrees kind of like dentists where you are in it for the long haul. And doctors make so much money that it basically broke the BLS calculations. They say that they make $208,000 per year or more. And I can tell you, I've done lots of research on this. You'll probably make more than 208,000 a year.  I actually did a video on the highest paying specialties and, you know, spoiler alert, some of them made over $700,000 a year. But the job outlook for this one is about 3%, which is slower than average. So this is one that can be great for the right person. I would say you really wanna be kind of like an A type personality, somebody who's really on the ball and motivated if you try to go into this career. A lot of medical doctors end up getting burned out because you know, the schooling is ridiculously hard and then they have to do that residency where they're probably working 80 hours a week during their residency. And then they've got a mountain of debt to pay down after that. And I did make an entire video kind of talking about the downsides of going down that route since it's just so ridiculously popular. I mean, when I was an undergrad, it seems like, you know, I took a lot of like science classes, of course. And it seems like every other person I met was trying to become a medical doctor and very, very few of them actually succeeded. So check out my other videos right here. I made them just for you. Go ahead, gently tap that like button, hit the subscribe button, ring the notification bell and comment down below any thoughts, comments, criticisms, et cetera. And I will see you next time.


Good morning everybody. I'm going to talk to you today about maybe focusing a bit more on Ireland and cyber security, cyber crime in Ireland. So our assert is a assert I set up in 2008. We're actually a voluntary body. So everybody involved in the assert are all volunteers. So we're various experts from the security community here. And we provide our services to the Irish business community for free. So if you go to our website, you can sign up and we create alerts. And what we do is kind of what Stephen and Olivia are talking about is we collaborate and we work with other search throughout Europe in response to instance, be they based here or be they based elsewhere. And we're closely tied in with the cert networks with TFC cert and First.org as well. So when we look at the world and look at the map, physically Ireland is a small little dust way up there on your left-hand side. We kind of look physically we're tucked away in the corner. We're nice and safe. But I think what we've seen today this week in particular is that while we may be physically surrounded by water, we're actually electronically and cyber and through different networks. We're connected worldwide and we can reach out to anybody in the world and anybody in the world can reach out back into us. And our economy is very dependent on the digital environment and infrastructure. Eight of the top 10 global ICT companies are based here in Ireland. Nine of the top 10 global pharma companies are based here in Ireland as well. Six of the top 10 global games companies are based in Ireland. I think if anything, we should be congratulating IDAR and the great work they're doing in getting these businesses here. 17 of the top 25 global medical device companies are based here in Ireland. 10 of the top 10 borne internet companies are here, so Facebook, Twitter, et cetera. They're all based here in Ireland as well. 50% of the world's leading financial services firms have a presence here in Ireland as well down the IFSC. And I think very importantly for us here in this room, 94% of Irish enterprises depend on the internet for business. So I think what those statistics show is that computers, internet, and networks are very crucial to how we do business today and how we maintain business as well. And I think these are just some of, you know, just highlight how important cybersecurity is. These are a number of organizations in the past 12 to 24 months that have had a cybersecurity breach in some way, shape, or form. I'm not going to go through all the different ones there, but you can see some very big, well-known names there. They've all reached the front page of the headlines, and I think, you know, this week is not going to go without talking about loyalty build, where they've had a security breach who has impacted hundreds and thousands and over a million people throughout Europe. So security is being very, is more and more critical to businesses. So we actually run our own cyber crime conference and we have it on next week, and what we do is each year we take all the statistics of all the instance that are reported to us. So these are instance that are reported to us. They come to us from other certs outside the jurisdiction. They come to us from private sector companies that are do a lot of work in this area to alert us that there are potential problems here in Ireland, and they come to us from companies here in Ireland who report to us for us to reach out to certs in other jurisdictions to help deal with cyber crime. So these are just instance reported to us. There's probably, I know there's a lot of people here from different companies working in security consulting and services, and they're all flat out busy. So, you know, there's a lot more going on than just what's been reported to us. But I just want to break down some of these instance because what tends to get the headlines is the major data security breaches. So the loyalty built instance is grabbing the headlines. But criminals are looking to break into people's networks not just to steal data. Data is very important to them, be that financial data which they can abuse and commit fraud, but intellectual property. So they're looking to break into companies' networks to steal intellectual property which they can sell to competitors. They're looking for personal information that they can sell on. Your online personal data, like I'll leave you talked about for $2, you can take down your competitor's website or the DDoS attack. Your online data is worth about $1 to $5 depending on how much information. So your email address, your name, your date of birth, all the information is sold online. A credit card that has fully a credit balance up to maybe $15,000 can typically get between $1 to $5 on the on the on the ground market. And it's a supply and demand. These on the ground markets, they're like the criminal equivalent of eBay and they rate each other, you know?  Olivier don't trust him so much, he's only got two-star, he never delivers all the credit card data is not as valuable. But they're dealing with these things and Olivier did highlight, you don't need to be a technology guru to do this. All you need is a credit card. These services are out there. So criminals are using these things and for those DDoS attacks and those spam runs and some of the statistics that came up in Steve's presentation, those other type of attacks, they need the infrastructure to do it. Now criminals aren't going to go to a data center and hire and pay for a server. They're gonna break into your networks and use your network bandwidth, use your server bandwidth and use your PCs to control and operate things. So for example, they run botnets. So this is where they send out viruses and infect hundreds of thousands of computers, even millions of computers around the world and they now control that network. Your computer, if it's infected, you will not notice it because they don't want that to happen. They want to use your computer. And if they want to attack a website in a DDoS attack, they've got their $2 for somebody to attack another website, they would just send commands out to those hundreds of thousands of computers and all those hundreds of thousands of computers would take part in those attacks without the owner's knowledge. That's how botnets work. So not only do they want to break into steal your data, they want to break into use your infrastructure as well and to store their information. So this may be a highlight for the companies. And a lot of the companies we deal with and the instance we've dealt with will be typically in the SME sector. And that's an area that I think has a lot of challenges when it comes to cybersecurity because they don't have the resources or the skills in this area. The larger companies and larger organizations do have dedicated in-house teams so they can deal with this threat much, much, much better. So, as I said, we had 432 instances. So we had, of those instances, 74% of them were where criminals broke into websites here in Ireland to host their fishing sites, to attack financial institutions or other institutions elsewhere. So this is where they break into a website. They wouldn't alter the original website. It still operates and works the way it should be. But sitting in parallel to that website, they have their fake website up that maybe it could be attacking Citibank. It could be attacking a bank from Japan. It could be attacking PayPal. And they send out their emails to try and fish that information and they direct the people to those websites. So they're using the Irish websites to host fishing sites. So that's 75% of the instances we deal with have been in that area. 19% were where they broke into websites to host viruses. So when you go to visit that website, the website looks normal and operates normally. But if your machine is now updated with good antivirus software or hasn't got the latest security patches installed on your computer, it will automatically download this virus and infect your computer. And the criminals will then use that then to steal your personal data, your financial data, or as I said to everyone, to try and use it as part of a botnet to attack other companies as well. And then 7% were instances where there was DDoS attacks and various other attacks. But you can see a good proportion, well over 90%, were based on SMEs. Based on our NASA information is, and we only do this in NASA based on the motivation of why would you host a fishing site? Well, that's because you want to steal people's money. So therefore, 95% of those instances is organized crime behind it. So the Irish typical image we have of the cyber criminal of some teenage boy stuck in a basement, playing heavy metal music and eating pizza and scanning machines and just trying to break in, that's no longer there. This is organized crime, these are organized criminals who see the opportunity and the growth to be able to attack systems and steal money. So organized crime is very, very heavily involved in this area as well. And we just talked about ransomware. We actually, last year, we had an instance of where criminals would break into the network of a company. And what they would do is they alter the backup tapes and the backup software for that company. So the backups would still run, but the backups don't backup any data. So it overwrites the media backing up onto it. So if you've got a tape for your Monday night backup, your tape is overwritten with nothing. Same with Tuesday nights, Wednesday nights, Thursday nights. So this continues on for a few weeks.  Your tapes, in effect, are blank. They then come back in again and they encrypt your hard disk which is an interesting grade encryption key. So it can't be decrypted. Now your first reaction when you respond to this is, oh, that's great. I'll just go get my backup tape. I'll do a restore and I've got my data back. But you did put your tape in the tape machine and you've got no data. So now as a business owner, you are stuck. Do you pay this ransom? As you can see there of 3,000 euro. Or do you rebuild your data that you've spent thousands of manors putting into place? In all the cases, we're aware of that people have ended up paying the ransomware to these criminals. In actual fact, one guy actually had a customer rating website that if you went to the website and gave them a positive rating they'd give you a 20% discount on the ransom. These people are business people. They're in to make money. And when we actually went into it and Steve talked about black swan events like Stuxnet and everything else and even loyalty build, they're all grabbing the headlines or the big news and it's what gets the media and grabs people's attention. But when we looked into those instances, this is where the root cause of the problem is. It's poor passwords. It's people using the same passwords across different systems. It's people using password one as their password or if they're gonna be really sophisticated using password one, two, because the next number is gonna make them more secure. So it's poor passwords and poor password management that have caused the problems. Missing patches where servers have not been patched. The web servers have not been patched so the company's invested in getting a new website and the website being put up. Website goes live and they forget about it. Now to me that's akin in this digital age of opening up a shop front on a main street in the town and not painting it every few years and not keeping it tidy because it dilapidates. Your website, the same thing. You have to keep it maintained. You have to keep it updated and secure. But many companies forget about that and then we can have these attacks. Or likewise on the other side where PCs are compromised is computers not having the operating system patches or updated antivirus software on it. And there's been a lot of attacks on particular web platforms. So it's very common to use different web platforms to create websites and very often these platforms will end up with vulnerabilities in them and you can have these mass attacks. So there may be a vulnerability found in a particular web platform today. The criminals will find out about it. They will write an automated tool to scan the internet for those vulnerabilities on those platforms and then compromise those websites. And one of the big things is out of date antivirus software where antivirus software has not been updated and that has a lot of infection to have. But I suppose overall the big things is lack of monitoring. So there is a lot of data in companies networks. The security devices that are there, the antivirus software is monitoring what's going on and being aware of what's happening in your network and reacting to alerts that you've got security breach or a potential security breach. That is a big thing because all of those 432 instances that we were involved in, not one of the companies knew they had a security problem until they were contact about us. So I think that's a pretty startling statistic that these companies did not know they had a security problem until somebody else told them. If somebody broke into your business and kicked on your front door or broke a window to get in, you would know straight away the next morning because you can physically see that you can monitor your physical presence. You need to monitor your online presence as well. So hopefully that's an area from education awareness that people can try and improve. So what I would suggest and what we need to do is make people more aware of what the threats are out there but even more aware of how to deal with those threats and what simple steps they can take to increase and enhance the security such as making sure users are using secure passwords that patches are applied, that systems are being monitored properly. Because we have a long history of security. There's Dunengas on the West Coast of Ireland. It has the layered security approach that we all talk about. Those rocks are the very front there. They're all angled and built into the ground so that you approach in the fort, you have to weave your way around. There's multiple walls that you have to get by. And each of those walls, the entrances are not, they're all in different ways so you have to work your way through. And of course on the back of it you've got a huge cliff. Now today that's not very good to defend against an air attack or somebody throwing mortars into it but it still is a layered approach and that's what we should be doing with our networks as well. Typically again in lots of networks we have perimeter security but inside the network we don't have any security and once you're in you have access to everything and anything. So companies need to look at ways how to layer that approach and layer their defenses as well. And we do need to maybe reiterate that the message coming through this morning is cooperation. We do need to share information and good information so that we can react to it and we can work on it. And we need to work better within the industry and within the community and with law enforcement and other agencies because one thing that frustrates me is that a lot of those issues that we've probably dealt with have probably not been reported to Angarashi or Kona. So if we don't know what crime is happening in this space that is so critical to our environment how can we ensure the proper resources and the proper people are being given to it to tackle it? I was happy to see Minister Schauer actually make a quote that this summer that cybersecurity is a complex issue that requires cooperation across all sectors to ensure the safety of our networks and infrastructure and I think it's great to see the attention at that level being given now to cybersecurity and hopefully that can drive a few changes throughout the industry as well. So I'd like to thank you very much for your time and I'd like to thank the IEA for the opportunity to address you today to maybe to highlight you and maybe bring the story a bit more local than what we've heard today. So thank you very much.


Salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh I don't think my life is as adventurous as my partners here But mashallah what I can tell you is I'm the eighth out of nine children So I have got siblings a brother who's younger and three sisters and the other brothers are older than me From a very young age my father is a sheikh actually he was the Imam in the masjid in Zimbabwe and he used to teach Children the Dean and I think from the age of three I started learning the Quran Not because he sat me down and and and taught me but because there were children who used to come to the house and do Hif and I used to sit and I could read and I recall they there was once a Man who visited the house and he heard me reading so one day when we visited his house He wanted to tell the others this little boy, and I was only three. I think three and a half maybe he says this little boy can read and They told me come sit down They and I recall exactly what there was in their lounge And they may they seated me and I was a very shy person So I didn't read and I remember he said I'll give you one cent now one cent in 1978 or 79 Was actually a lot of money in Zimbabwe was stronger than the pound stronger than double the British pound I think and to be honest with you I Think we laughing because Zimbabwe and currency is cancelled at the moment We went into billions and trillions and non-illions and decillions I shift or Fik knows all that so what happened is For I don't know whether it was the same to whatever it was But I I read what I had known of my heart and I recall now what the verses were la qadana sara kumu allahu fee ma waatina kathiratin wa yawmahunain Those verses up to the end of that little his and I was just reading and continuing and they told my dad This little boy will be a half it, you know my father low profile. He said, you know, just make do our child But in the meantime he used to work very hard on me and I never ever forget the effort my father made on me from a very young age he was very patient although Back in my days corporal punishment was the norm You know when I say corporal punishment I mean to get whacked was a thing that was normal, you know, you expected my father used to call it charging the battery because whenever he Whenever he visited whenever he left the country. He also attended many conferences and you know, I'd like to think I followed in his footsteps So what happened is every time he comes back I would duck and dive because my hip would have become a bit weaker because I would you know You have to have that fear of someone in your life. I think well, it was it worked with me So that was my dad for me and he come back and I knew that day I would get whacked and The same day he would take out of his bag a toy every time he went no matter where he went He brought me back something not just me but even the my little brother Even if it meant of little value, but something was brought back So we looked forward to him coming back and we dreaded it at the same time So Alhamdulillah at a very young age I learned the Quran I memorized it with school You know, we come from a very Perhaps maybe I Wouldn't I wouldn't be embarrassed to say quite a low-income background in that sense You know a long time ago a lot of our fathers perhaps or grandfathers couldn't afford shoes That's not the reason why we're slippers today, but anyway Subhanallah What happened as a result is I started learning the Arabic language and there was the Arabic Embassies that opened up in Zimbabwe as we became independent in 1980 They collected their children and gathered in one embassy and started their lessons for the children of the Arabic embassies And I had the good fortune of joining them So from that young age, Masha Allah learning the Arabic language and you know picking up on so many things together with secular education in the mornings with the government schools and When I got to the point of getting to high school. I was Good I was actually of the good fortune of being accepted at college Which was considered one of the best in the country to this day It is considered one of the best in Zimbabwe, but it was a proper pure Christian college That we had that was the best option we had and Masha Allah I got into there I did quite well and when I completed Masha Allah. I was looking forward to become an Ophthalmologist and I had actually applied to a certain Academy in the United States before I had got the You know acceptance from them One day in the post I got an acceptance letter from Madina Monawara now I had already studied a lot of the Dean and a lot of the books with my father and as we were growing up He used to teach and I used to attend the lessons with him and I used to sit with him and he runs massive Institutions which today Masha Allah we are trying to run by the wall of Allah in Zimbabwe and what has happened is What did happen at the time is when this acceptance from Madina came through I told my father I said you know what I Don't remember applying He said well two years ago We had a few Masha who visited us and I just gave your name and you know We agreed that let this let's see what happens in by the time the application is approved Here it is approved and my dad says you know what? we're The ticket is there everything is there Why don't you just go it's a city of Rasulullah salam see how you feel and you know if you really feel you can't manage And you won't be able to then you can come back and continue with whatever you wanted to and If if you go according to what my plan is go and complete there And then you can go and do your medicine after that inshallah, you know So I looked at him and I said okay, not a problem. Let's see Madina It was exciting to travel by air and to go to Madina Munawara. This was in 1991 Just after that war had Erupted and so on so I pitched up Madina Munawara Masha Allah and I didn't look back by the will of Allah today Masha Allah You know Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala has Taken us places and we ask Allah to keep us as humble as possible and accept from us Whatever little he has used us to to do in the field one thing I want to make mention before I close check I was a youngster as I grew up at the age of about 14 to about maybe 18 I had a temper I Actually used to get angry at very small things I used to get upset so much so that people my in my own house You know, they didn't really mess with me so to speak because they knew this this guy's capable of breaking a window Or perhaps, you know, you look at me today, so I'll fix that window for you, but I Had a temper and I recall that when I arrived in Madina Munawara The way I was treated the day I arrived, you know people look at it as negative These guys to Al-Bukra, which means come tomorrow and everything is there You can see your name on the list.  It was like him telling me come back when you're cool, and I'll still tell you Taal Shehar Al-Jai and it come back next month, you know at least he's saying tomorrow You know subhan Allah so to be honest with you I worked so hard because I complained to one of the Mashaikh in Madina Munawara saying what's the problem? The guy is reading the newspaper. He's drinking tea He just doesn't want to do what it's so simple. You know, what's all this? He says calm down. You need to know there's a dad this to Khalid There's things people are born and brought up in that system. You need to like the system or you're not gonna be able to Survive here, so I thought to myself. I said knife. I phone my dad and tell him I need to get back home because of this Subhan Allah. It's so such a weak excuse and then There was a Nustad and I even recall his name He a sheikh out of the shahrya. I don't know if you some of you might have heard that name Madina Munawara He was teaching us al-Bukhari and there was a hadith where he Reiterated the fadail al-Madina virtue of Madina and he says Inna al-Madina tataibatun ten fil khabath kamayan fil kheer al-Khabath al-Hadeed Madina is pure and it flicks away. It chases away.  That's why Madina is actually kicking me out So I'm gonna prove Madina wrong and I'm gonna stay here Subhan Allah and I was a youngster growing up and believe me. I worked on my temper to the degree that today By the will of Allah, I won't be wrong if I say it's quite hard to get me angry It's quite hard to get me angry You can you need to work very please don't try your luck But what I mean is you say what you want do what you want I just sit you know and I just look at you and things might be going at the back of my mind But I know I need to be in control of what I'm what's going on because you need to be calm and cool to have good health And to be a person who's a Muslim and live as a Muslim and so on la taqdab la taqdab la taqdab Don't get angry don't get angry. I calmed it down so much that today subhan Allah a lot of what I do I feel that if I had a temper I wouldn't I wouldn't have achieved my Allah grant us. Goodness jizakumul akhir