The battle between heaven and hell begins with a battle between brother and brother. Ooh, that's a hot mug, guys! Hey guys, this is my review for Supernatural Season 4. This was a very enjoyable season to review. It was very fun. The amount of story-centric episodes in this season was quite surprising to me. Every time I think about Season 4, for some reason it's always in the back of my mind of the Core 5 season. When it comes to wanting to watch any of the seasons, 4 is always in the back of my mind for me in terms of all five. And I don't know why, because this is honestly the best season of the show so far. Not only in just in terms of generality, but actually by math. This is the best season of them all. This had a 79%. And the only reason why it's a little bit lower than I would have expected is because of the dip down in quality after the mid-season finale. There was a few episodes that they had that just really didn't cut it. There was a lot of filler episodes right afterwards.  But there were so many solid episodes in this season. Just trying to come up with the top five best episodes of this season was so difficult. I had at least 10 episodes and there's so many in The Honorable Mentions, but there's so many that you gotta list off that are just fantastic. Starting off with Lazarus Rising, one of the best, if not the best season opener in the entire show's history. Fantastically introduced seeing Castiel, the idea of angels in the realm of supernatural, and the overall grandiose battle that is to come between angels and demons all to try and prevent a bunch of seals being broken in order for Lucifer to rise once again. The idea that Lucifer was an actual bad had been alluded to very, very lightly in season three, and then we find that the plan, the whole thing that Yellow Eyes had with Sam and all the other gifted children was leading towards this. Having actual payoff for the things that you've been building is so satisfying to see in this show and considering this is not only paying off what we've been building, but it's again building itself towards what is going to be season five, the original kind of ending of the show. So many great elements are introduced into the show other than just Castiel. We have Uriel who is a really good guy you like to hate. He had a real cool two-sided to sort of combat to him. I liked Anna as this fallen angel character type. Eventually a lot of the character aspects that she had would be compounded into Castiel as we'll see in season five, but I liked her inclusion in it. Ruby played by Jared Padalecki's wife in the season. Admittedly kind of did split people. We didn't have the same kind of spunky, give-no-shit attitude that Kate Cassidy had, whereas Geneve kind of gives a different, more somber, more relatable sort of performance. And admittedly that had to happen for Sam and her to kind of work as that. I couldn't have seen Kate Cassidy being the same character as in the relationship with Sam. And then there was also a lot of really great one-off characters, Alastair, expertly played by Boney Tim Man and head on a pen just such, such a good episode. Just a fantastic villain, such a fantastic character in the show. But also at the same time we had development with the brothers of course. Dean coming back from hell and eventually very slowly explaining to Sam the very tortures and nightmares that he went through down there. And all the while we see Sam knowingly ingesting demon blood, which he knows is wrong, but he's trying to do so to do the right thing. At least that's what he's being proposed to by Ruby, but eventually we find out that he's being jinxed, he's being duped. And the brother's relationship comes to a complete standoff, obviously at the end of the season, with the two of them wanting to do the right thing, but thinking that the other way is wrong. There's a lot of great visual elements in this season. There's so many fun moments throughout. If this season is this good, I already know that season five is going to be fantastic, but I'm actually kind of curious if on the math, season five can beat season four just because of how solid this one was. There was only one bad episode throughout this entire season to me and that was family remains. Otherwise it's fantastically put together. Every single part of this season helps build towards the final climax being season five. It also had some great moments of horror as well as humor and some very, very much needed emotional drama between the brothers themselves. This unfortunately also was the last season we got to see any work from Kim Manners. I did a short video talking about him and his career leading up towards Supernatural and just what he brought to the show. So if you guys would like to watch that, please watch it. It was a real fun treat putting that together and just talking about this guy and the amount that he brought to this show and the level of craft and creativity that he would bring to the show's narrative elements and to how the brothers portrayed themselves in their narrative aspects. So in the end, it's a number to beat now, but so far season four is the best season of Supernatural that I have reviewed in entirety. I'm going to give season four a six out of seven. That is kind of surprising to me. I actually did a long wait since reviewing the last episode. I think I thought about this for about two weeks before I did this number, but yeah, it's great. It's so darn good and I cannot wait to start talking about season five with you guys. But before that, I've got to do my best and worst of my top five for each. These are the glory days of Supernatural for sure. My personal favorite season of the series as a whole. Where do I start? It's such a monumental shift from what came before in the introduction of Angels to Sam's power slash addiction to demon blood and the notion of Lucifer walking the earth. Just a ton of what I would consider to be Supernatural's best episodes, even some of the lackluster ones, to me only seen that way because of their following, some of the best the series has to offer. I'm looking at you.  The thing about this season specifically is I really like the layout of having the two parters for the main season arc episodes while having room for fun one-off episodes to play around with. The Angels and Demon dynamic is fresh and the Angels being mysterious and powerful with the demons, especially Alistair being intimidating and powerful and just interesting is to watch while towards the end of the series coming across a demon was a minor inconvenience and the Angels are just depowered to the point of being totally lame. Obviously Castiel is a special place in most of our hearts and it's really good to see him have something to do, be a total badass doing it in contrast to what they end up doing with him in later seasons. Season four is a banger and I can't wait to see the season five videos cheers. Now you're pretty much dead on here actually. The idea of that just the show just fully encompassing its big, big, original ender. The idea that Angels and Demons being powerful and eventually they just got nerfed to the point of ridiculousness. But yeah there's a lot of really heavy story episode, the story related episodes and it's such a turn from the first season which had so many want like just kind of very nonchalant episodes. When I was a teenager I used to feel like season three was the most absolute perfect season and as I grew older I feel like season four honestly surpassed season three. I'm sure season three was shorter which may uh I'm sure season three being shorter which is made the tension of Dean going to hell all the more nail biting but I feel like season four really handled the Angels coming to the show. The monster of the week episode is definitely the pace down of the season but they're still really enjoyable and when they bring back the main storyline it is so engaging. Sam and Dean have the same goal this season however they go about it differently which was a good change of pace for us to understand the characters. Yeah that's a very good point as exactly a word trying to go after the same thing but I you stated from completely different angles and I can't get enough of how much I love Bobby being a fine addition and father figure to the brothers but there's no doubt at all that I love the additional characters we got to witness this season some that were killed off sadly however Misha Collins really gave a whole new dimension to the show that in a way it represents something you don't you didn't know you wanted but got and it's awesome that's actually a really good way to put Castiel that that is a very good way to describe his character and the influence he had on the show for the most part. Overall I'm excited to really talk about season five and why it's my second favorite season of the show I'm amazed at how much you've done with your prep work in these reviews and I really appreciate the time you go back to reading our comments there's any way we can help us your Patreon supporters are here for you thank you Joe I really do appreciate that and I appreciate you guys's comments too this is honestly a really fun engaging bit to do this it's it's always fun to see what you guys have to say and honestly I learned a few things too about the episode that sometimes I'm just not able to see because I'm trying to blast through these seasons right Jeremy genuinely thanks so much for your reviews and how much effort you put into them it is much harder than it looks I and I'm sure others appreciate your perspective as a local and industry insider it's fun rent it's been fun renting about how good the show was and how bad the show turned out fuck sake stabs so thank you for the forum personally I wouldn't participate if this was a lean page where everyone loved the show you worked hard for each and every Snickers bar oh I love it when people make Snickers bar jokes thank you Tom I appreciate that as well I really appreciate all you guys making the comments it's really cool to see that there's a cut like a you know the consistency or I don't know just a community there we go that's the word I'm tired I apologize as you point out like a local and insider industry I just worked like a 14 hour day today so it was pretty big when I watch a show and I'm invested enough to make when I watch a show and I'm invested enough I make top 10s about it I literally made a top 10 for everything in this show for even for the seasons and season four ranked at number two and that's how good it is I love this season that are I love the seasons that are plot driven and the stakes are high that's why I think season one hasn't aged well in comparison to the others yet no I'll agree with you um it's fun to watch kind of partially you can just kind of watch it in episode here or there but overall it's not as strong definitely as the ladders season four however is basically the march to the apocalypse you can't get more epic than that it's like preparing for the ultimate battle on the walking dead only it is it only it is exciting you don't want to put yourself to sleep so many episodes are filled to the brim with plot and character development while others humorous and provide a necessary levity this resulted in this season having only five bad episodes but even then they're not that bad in comparison to season 14 and 15 they're that had nothing but bad episodes having only five if it's honestly impressive but there was one truly bad aspect about season four it's definitely ruby when the show originally began season three aired people rightfully despised Bella for the awful character that she was however some of that hate went on to ruby resulting in mixed reception as a result Eric Kripke reduced the character and changed the story he originally had for her that is a demon turning good into something that will ultimately have a character die so he wouldn't have to have to face much bad fan backlash this storyline would thankfully be explored with Meg in later seasons but what he did with ruby backfired it felt unnatural and such a drastic change from what we've seen before I'm so sorry I'm sorry but if we can excuse Andrew Dav of the staff for the stuff he retconned then I can't excuse Eric Kripke from blundering ruby's character it could have worked if the actress was able to convey that change but because Kate refused to take a pay cut she was replaced with Jeanif what else is there to say about her she's like terror read an early curse and stewart fused together she's like a robot when she acts all in all this aspect was definitely not planned when was boxed in the process but again that's the thing that's the thing the rest of the season is so good I occasionally ignore ruby no moving forward with my favorites now moving forward with my favorite season in supernatural history actually you know that's a pretty good point when you talk about how um uh Meg would become that aspect funnily enough that's probably something that Sarah Gamble did really well with if I'm correct that that Meg really gets that kind of development in season six and season seven but yeah no uh there's a lot of plot no you point out all the good and then yeah you actually like your your criticism of ruby's really well done um it's probably the one aspect of the show that definitely kind of came up and they had to kind of make do what they had um considering the search of circumstances that they got put into by themselves honestly but no all good points I'm curious to see what your top and bottom five episodes are for this season for me season four is probably the easiest to rank because the highs are so high and the lows are so low and despite the abundance of filler episodes it's my favorite season I love how concise a cohesive and self-contained it is while building off on of of previous material and forward building what's to come no that's a good point um there's actually not that many lows you when you guys like when you see the the worst episodes quote worst episodes it's yeah it's not that bad there was only like one bad episode season four is one of my favorites and I really didn't like that what they did with ruby I think that they just wanted to get rid of her because the female fans hated her just like they did with Anna and Bella Talbot originally she was supposed to return in season four and I love Bobby this season in Castiel I gotta say the producers made a right decision with to keep Misha Collins in the series Castiel is my favorite character but I hated the way he was treated throughout the series yeah no um Castiel definitely was supposed to be like he wasn't supposed to be there as much hell I think he was supposed to die really early on same with Bobby obviously but those are two characters that were just so well received that people wanted to keep them around anyways guys I hope you enjoyed this video if you did leave a like and if you're interested in more subscribe otherwise see you guys next time thanks for watching the video my name is Knitz and you might remember me from the animated cult classic tv show undergrads it's been a while but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all-new movie thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign but we are still asking for your support to see any and all updates about the upcoming undergrads movie be sure to check out and like the bring back undergrads facebook page and with any luck we'll see you guys soon


Now to give us some context for our discussions today it's my pleasure to welcome permanent Secretary of State at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Iceland, Mr. Sturla Sigurjansson. Well Minister, colleagues, other distinguished participants, it's a great pleasure to be here in Dublin. Ireland is close to us Icelanders, even closer than many realize, apart from the geographic proximity and frequently sitting next to each other in multilateral fora and alphabetical order. It has recently been scientifically confirmed by mapping the DNA of some of the settlers who came to Iceland more than 1,000 years ago that they were almost evenly of Norse and Gaelic ancestry. This is also reflected in the names of people and places in Iceland and of course the literary heritage. But turning to the topic of the day, allow me to start by saying a few words on Iceland's various multilateral responsibilities during 2019. This has been a busy year for us as we have had the honour to chair the Arctic Council, the Nordic Council of Ministers, the Nordic Foreign Ministers Cooperation as well as the Mb8 Cooperation. In addition, a short term in the Human Rights, UN Human Rights Council is coming to an end in December. Allow me to start in reverse order and reflect a bit on the Nordic Baltic Cooperation between the five Nordic countries and the three Baltic states. The Mb8 Cooperation started shortly after the end of the Cold War in the early 90s when Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania regained their independence from the former Soviet Union. These were dramatic days, weeks and months following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the redrawing of the map of Europe and reshaping of the World Order. The Baltic states sought close cooperation with the West, both in order to reiterate their European identity, declare themselves as democracies and free market economies, but also as a means to achieve economic and social progress. For the Nordic countries, the Baltic states were natural partners, close neighbours with centuries of shared history, which had been unnaturally shut off for decades and now, 30 years ago, the door was open. Different fora for cooperation emerged in Europe, including regional bodies. In Northern Europe, these were, for example, the Nordic Council and the Nordic Council Ministers. They had, of course, existed for decades and they were there at the time. But additionally, we saw the establishment of the Council of Baltic Sea States, the Barents Sea Council, the EU's Northern Dimension and the Mb8 Forum. The Mb8 Cooperation has two distinctive features. First, it has a relatively wide ranging scope, meaning that these eight countries cooperate as Mb8 when it is considered practical and mutually beneficial. Therefore, the Mb8 Cooperation now includes different areas, such as digitalisation, cybersecurity, and cooperation on human rights within international organisations. Secondly, the cooperation is quite flexible, sometimes even organic, but at the same time demanding, meaning that if the topic at any given time does not provide added value for the group, it is simply allowed to fade away. The Mb8 does not rely on a secretariat and instead the countries rotate the role of coordinator and the country concerned organises meetings and up to a point sets the agenda. Accordingly, Iceland put forward three strategic priorities. I'm not sure you can see them on the screen there, but I'll cover them. And we did this for the Mb8 chairmanship in a paper which applied to this year. And this focuses on continued security cooperation, including cyber security, the importance of human rights, not least in the work of the Human Rights Council, where Iceland has had a high seat. And finally, ocean affairs, where we have underlined the importance of preserving our oceans, securing sustainable use of marine resources, and not least, establishing the link between global climate change and ocean affairs. After all, oceans do cover over 70% of the earth and their wellbeing is crucial to all climate action. This year we have had two ministerial meetings, the first in the Mb8 v4 format, together with the so-called Visigrad countries, and the second as Mb8 in Iceland a little more than a month ago. In addition to the meetings of foreign ministers and defence ministers, my colleagues, the permanent secretaries of the foreign ministries met in Iceland in March. The political directors have met as well and are experts on human rights, UN affairs, women peace and security, Asia, Africa, arms control, and many others. So as you can hear, it covers wide scope. So, and a wide range of issues. And I might add that this cooperation is policy oriented, meaning that we exchange information, knowledge, and expertise, which often leads to or consolidates our like-minded approach on various issues. It can result in joint statements, common initiatives or concrete action, such as, for example, embassy cooperation in third countries, but it doesn't have to. The dialogue between us maintaining the link within the Mb8 group has great value in itself. Turning to, I would just briefly like to talk about the Nordic cooperation as well. This has deep political and historical roots, but it has always been intentionally kept informal. The cooperation has evolved into being so integral to everything we do that it has become almost an element in our foreign policy DNA, so to speak. The Nordic countries cooperate and consult effortlessly, both formally and informally. The foreign ministers meet formally three to four times a year. And as a case in point, I can mention that they met last week in Berlin. The photo there was taken on that occasion. And they are meeting next week in Stockholm. On top of that, they meet one-on-one quite regularly and call and text each other all the time. So N5 cooperation is close. Again, it does not run on projects and primarily focuses on foreign policy consultations and cooperation. Top down as well as bottom up. But although this is primarily policy cooperation, we also have various examples of how this cooperation has led to concrete results. I just mentioned Berlin. But we have a good example of how the Nordic countries, foreign services cooperate very closely in the Nordic embassy compound in Berlin, with the effect that we are stronger together in Germany. The results of the cooperation are indeed greater than the sum of its parts. Another good example is the 2009 so-called Stoltenberg report, named after the author, the late Norwegian statesman Torval Stoltenberg. Many of you may recognize him as the father of the current Secretary General of NATO. Back then, he was tasked to come up with proposals for closer Nordic cooperation on foreign and security matters. And he delivered on that promise. Now, 10 years on, many of his 13 proposals, which again, if you have your glasses on, you might be able to read on the screen there. They have, in fact, in some cases, led to much closer Nordic cooperation, not least in the security context in what we call Nordefgo. And it's not a secret that the foreign ministers on the initiative of Iceland are currently exploring the possibility of launching a further process similar to Stoltenberg, which would produce new ideas and proposals for closer Nordic cooperation. A lot has changed internationally in the last 10 years. New variables have emerged, and these changes have a substantial effect on our foreign policy and security environment.  I'd also like to say a few words on the Nordic Council of Ministers and the Arctic Council. But these formats are similar, but different. Now, let me start with the Nordic Council of Ministers. It's the Nordic Five, but also the regions, the Allland Islands, the Faroe Islands in Greenland. The Nordic Council of Ministers is a forum for regional cooperation excluding foreign ministers, and including more or less all other ministerial cooperation in areas ranging from culture and education, social health and welfare, innovation, digitalization and gender. The Nordic Council of Ministers is supported by a secretariat based in Copenhagen, consisting of up to 100 senior advisors on different topics, and it has an annual budget of roughly 128 million euros. These funds support a variety of joint Nordic projects, Nordic research, Nordic innovation, cultural exchange, education and language. In our chairmanship, Iceland has put emphasis on the youth, sustainable tourism in the North and ocean affairs, but by far the biggest task during our chair has been brokering a new vision for the Nordic Council of Ministers. And this we succeeded in doing last August when the Nordic Prime Ministers endorsed a document called Our Vision 2030, which has climate action at its core and aims at making the Nordics the most sustainable and integrated region. Finally, and politically perhaps most visible today, the Arctic Council. This I say because in this forum we have three other countries at the table in addition to the Nordics, the US, Russia and Canada. Many permanent participants, mainly representatives of indigenous peoples and a large number of observers follow closely what happens in the Council. The Arctic Council is the main forum for international cooperation on Arctic issues, all its members focus on peace and stability in the region, environmental protection and sustainable economic development. One of the key challenges we face in the Arctic is maintaining the balance between environmental protection and economic development. Iceland continues to stress the importance of the Arctic that the Arctic remains a region of peace, stability and constructive cooperation. And this has fortunately so far been the case. Despite tension and divergence in international politics, the Arctic offers an example of how both large and small nations can work together within these defined parameters. Various projects serve as confidence building measures. Others are linked to our chairmanship programs such as combating plastic pollution in the Arctic Ocean, gender equality and the blue bioeconomy, meteorological cooperation and sustainable economic development to mention only a few examples. As I said before, Arctic cooperation is increasingly important because it provides assemblance of governance on the basis of the enclose and promotes communication and cooperation in a volatile region. A changing climate and the resulting opening up of sea routes, easier access to natural resources and possible security threats, resulting from increased traffic in the area, poses new challenges and makes it increasingly important to ensure that the Arctic remains a low tension area. And this is best done through multilateral collaboration and dialogue. The geostrategic situation in the region has changed and this reality is also reflected in the Arctic Council's international status and the attention that the work of the Council enjoys. Dear guests, I have briefly described Iceland's chairmanship in different formats, MB8 and five Nordic Council ministers and the Arctic Council. And all of this runs in parallel to our formal participation in a great number of other international organizations where in many cases we work closely together with Ireland, with which we share fundamental values and frequently interests. And this raises the question of whether the MB8 and Ireland could somehow connect at the policymaking level. There are examples of the MB8 format being used to strengthen ties with other countries. I've already mentioned the Visigrad countries, but I might add that the United Kingdom has also been lately working closely with this group. The so-called Northern Future Forum is held annually with the participation of the MB8 and the UK Prime Ministers, allowing them to focus on a specific subject at each meeting. But also creating opportunities for closer networking. A third example is the possible Nordic German corporation, which is an idea that was launched during Chancellor Merkel's visit to Reykjavík last August, where she met with Nordic Prime Ministers and this photo was taken on that occasion. But here, substance is the key. If it makes sense for the MB8 countries to meet with other countries in this format and vice versa, and if it is good use of our ministers precious time, we are generally positive. And given Ireland's numerous strengths in multiple areas, innovation, digitalization, new climate solutions, just to name a few, as well as the fact that Ireland and the MB8 countries are like-minded on most issues, I'm confident that the potential is definitely there. In a rapidly changing world, characterized by uncertainties, complexities and also challenges to rules, norms and values that have so far been taken for granted, there is a need for more international and regional cooperation. This is also and perhaps more than ever true for us who share these values and want to safeguard the rule-based international order. Thank you for your attention.


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2009 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500 KR is stock number 14428Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used sports car headquarters. This 2009 Shelby GT500 KR has the 5.4 liter supercharged V8 engine with the KR conversion. It has 540 horsepower and 510 foot-pounds of torque. This car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. It has four brand new tires, and this might be one of the cleanest GT500s we've had on our lot. Definitely the cleanest KR we've ever had. This is only my second KR I've ever videoed, so I'm pretty excited to do this one today. This one is in Vapor Silver Metallic with the Vista Blue Stripes. In 2009 they made 712 KRs. The year before they made 1,000, so 1,712, and it was 40 more horsepower than the original GT500. Like I said, they made 278 in silver. They made 236 in black with black stripes, and then they made 110 in color red with white stripes, and then they made 88 in Vista Blue with silver stripes. So just the opposite of this color. Anyways, this car is in excellent shape. I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside. Start it up, take a look under the hood, show you the trunk, show you some documentation that comes with this car. I'll link the Ford Performance site, where I got a lot of my information in the description below. But for the most part, I'm going to go over this car as good as I can from a collectible standpoint, so that you can see just how clean this vehicle is. Should all my videos in 4K, if you like the video, subscribe to the YouTube channel, click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each every day. You have access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicles and sports car walkarounds on YouTube as well as GT500s over 100 videos on there. Also stay current on our ever-changing and vast sports car inventory here at Summit Auto. We always get really cool cars in like this one, but this might be one of the coolest. So you get these special Shelby GT500KR polished aluminum wheels. They are in fantastic condition. I didn't see any major scuffs or scrapes or corrosion, and that's pretty much how this whole car is, is just really clean. Nitto NT555 G2 tires, these are 255, 45, ZR18s in the front. You can see they still have the little knobs on them. We put those on in our safety inspection. You get the Brembo brakes up front. Front fender is in excellent condition. GT500KR logo is in pretty nice shape. There is one little scratch right there, but other than that, this car is really, really clean. Vapor Silver, I really like this color. Silver has always been one of my favorite colors on the GT500s, and especially in 2009 here with the Vista Blue Stripes. Front bumper has never been drilled into. You get these special carbon fiber lower splitter there. That's in really nice shape. I didn't see any major cracks in that. You get these special lower grille for the GT500KR factory fog lights, but the front bumper, no scuffs, no scrapes, no real imperfections on that. Looks really, really good. Comes with a composite hood from Shelby. All the stripes look really good as well. I didn't see any nicks or tears in them. You get the special hood for the GT500KR. This is one of the additions, including that lower splitter. You get the hood pins there. Passengers side front fender, no dents or dings on that. That Cobra logo is absolutely perfect. All the stripes down the side are in really nice condition. This passenger side front wheel, no major scuffs or scrapes. Looks really good. Vapor silver, sure has got some crazy metal flake in it. Looks really good. And as you go down this side of this 2009 Shelby GT500KR, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. Now I take these HD videos, so if you're far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the car, hear the car, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. Now if this video helps you make that buying decision or just make the decision to come take a look at the vehicle, let your salesman know that you saw the video that it was helpful and that Brett sent you. Look at that stripe. It's in really nice shape all the way down. I didn't see any rips or tears in it. Really, really nice and clean. This back wheel is in excellent shape as well. These back tires, I believe, are a little bit different size. They're 285, 40 ZR 18s, but they are brand new as well. We put those on in our safety inspection. So this car is pretty low to the ground, so it's hard to see underneath, but it is very, very clean. If you go to the link that's in the description below to our website, you can see all the pictures I took of the underbody of this thing when it was up in the air and it is super clean underneath. Coming around to the back of the vehicle, the rear bumper is in great shape. You get the chrome tipped dual rear exhaust. The diffuser back here. These back stripes are in excellent condition as well. The GT500KR logo. It's got a little wax around it. I'm sure that'd be pretty easy to get off, but otherwise it looks real good. And back here you can see you get the Shaker 1000 sound system. It has the original window sticker right there as well as the Shelby build sheet for this one. And it comes with some emission stickers that are, everything's preserved nicely in these laminated sheets.   Obviously it doesn't have the good ears on it anymore. Authentic Shelby hood and trunk letter kit, GT500KR carbon fiber components of the hood with functional intakes and extractors, front aerodynamic splitter and the mirror skull caps, which I'll show you in just a second. You get the performance parts sent and finished hood pins, Shelby GT500KR engine fluid caps, and then the Shelby CSM numbered plaque badges, and then the fender and grille emblems, the Carroll Shelby signature headrests, custom Shelby floor mats, floor mat badges and Shelby racing stripe kit. So the total MSRP on this kit was $33,565, which got added onto the GT500 price of $46,630. So like I said, a lot of this information is on the website that is linked below, and just a really neat car. It's got all the documentation with it. Trunk lid shuts nice and solidly, and as we go down the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger's side, no major dents or dings on the rear quarter, and for full disclosure, this back wheel is just as nice as the rest. No scuffs, no scrapes, and that tire is brand new as well. Going down the rest of the side of the car, the door looks really good, and the stripes on this side are in a really nice shape. So here are those carbon fiber mirror caps on there. Those are in nice shape. Inside you get the black leather bucket seats. I got the books out so you can see that has all the books. You get these Shelby embossed backrests, and you also get those special KR Carol Shelby signed headrests. Side curtain airbags. The back seats are in fantastic condition as well. This car has never been smoked in. Carpeting is like new. Here's the VIN sticker. Power driver's seat. You get the special Shelby CS floor mats. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors. The door trim is in pretty nice shape, starting to just delaminate a little bit, which is very common with these cars, whether it's GT500s or just normal Mustangs from this era. But nothing too bad. Really the only imperfection I could find on the entire car. So you can see this one has, let's see if I can dim it down here, 8,374 miles on it. You obviously get the special SVT instrument cluster. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather-wrapped steering wheel. You also get the Shelby GT500 logo on the center there, and this just is cruise controls, but no rips, no tears on the leather. Here is your special Shelby badge with the CSM number. 09 stands for 2009, and then KR is obviously the KR package, and this was number 567 of 712 that were built in 2009. And then, of course, this is GT500KR. Like I said, this one has the Shaker 1000 sound system, 6-disk CD changer, climate controls. You get the special KR Vista blue shifter with the silver stripes with the Cobra logo on the side. And of course, you get the ambient lighting. You can change that color to pretty much whatever you want.  These are your controls for your infotainment or information center right there. And very, very clean inside. Like I said, this car has never been smoked in. It has all the original books and everything. And yeah, just really nice condition on this car. Definitely. If I was in the market for a KR, I would get one. I have a 13 GT500, so I only need one right now. Anyways, let's start this baby up. Take a look on her hood, listen to the exhaust, and we'll be all set to go. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that other than my parking brake, of course. I'm gonna turn the lights on as well. Let's go listen to that exhaust. Boy, it's got a really nice beat to it. See how the lights are working perfectly back here. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality, condition, options, and of course cleanliness of this 2009 Shelby GT500 KR. Really a sweet ride. You've got to push down to get these out. Under the hood we have the 5.4 liter supercharged V8 engine and 540 horsepower engine base. Very clean runs, very smooth. You can see who it was hand-built by. It looks like Merck or Mark Bittner and G.J. Hansen get these special strut tower brace on there. Engine base very clean runs, very smooth. Here's another Shelby plaque on the engine bay. Special 500 KR fluid covers. And once again this car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off as four brand new tires. There's the emission sticker. And this car is 100% ready to go. And just like I said one of the cleanest GT500s we've had on our lot and definitely the cleanest GT500 KR. And to see more pictures of this car or one of other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, sports cars, GT500s, Camaros, Challengers, Chargers, Z06s, ZL1s, SRT8s, Hellcats. You name it we got to go to the website right there. Summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com. And if you want to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Click the bell notifications, get updates in the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and sports car walkarounds on YouTube. And stay current on our ever-changing and vast inventory by subscribing and hitting the bell notifications on this channel. In fact any second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to one of our ladies to all my GT500 videos I've ever done in the upper right link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out and we are super excited to be offering this ultra clean 2009 Shelby GT500 KR in vapor silver with the Vista Blue Stripes. Thank you so much for checking out the video remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here so I'm a Chuckie season 2 in this video here again today now I guess the panel that we're supposed to get Saturday at San Diego Comicon is off the off the table Yes, it's not going to be happening. I could be mistaken Don Mancini announced this in a video is also tweeted out by the official Chuckie page But what they did promise is that we still will be getting something this weekend now Originally from what it was told to us and what was presented as panel details It was supposed to be just the stars of the series a few stars of the series with Don Mancini like Brad Dwarf and of course Don Mancini himself and then some other guests along with them and then they were going to show us I what I was assuming was a behind-the-scenes montage of stuff that we could expect potentially for season 2 But we're not gonna get that anymore and I guess the panel isn't happening either But what we are probably gonna still get is a snippet of behind-the-scenes footage Maybe with some of the stars talking about the upcoming season before Transitioning into the very first official teaser that's gonna be released for the season this Saturday This was announced by Don Mancini himself and again also co-signed by the official Chuckie Twitter page and other social media accounts So we will get our first official teaser for Chuckie season 2 this weekend I know a lot of you might be excited about that excited to see what footage we're gonna get to see and what ideas I guess we can make up off of the footage shown in the teaser already I know I've done several videos talking about this we have Glenn and Glenda back The audition tape dialogue bits that I've talked about that make it seem like there's gonna be some scene where Glenn and Glenda are Interacting with their mother Tiffany they find Nika tied up and they interrogate her about it The whole thing about being shocked that she's lesbian. I've talked about that too We know Lachlan Watson is gonna be starring in the series as both Glenn and Glenda I assume and what they're gonna do I guess like a lot of you presented to me in the comment section Which does make a lot of sense They're just gonna say that the that they are both Glenn and Glenda and just use both of them Like I guess Lindsey Lohan with the parent trap in in some capacity if that's what they want to do Then that's just what they'll do so I'm also expecting season two of course address Nika. What's going on with her? I know you guys are too want to get some closure on that because a lot of people feel that Nika was done Very dirty at the end of season one Understanding what's happening with Andy and that Tiffany doll and all those Chuckie dolls that he was trying to get Spread out to other hospitals across the country Also seeing what happens with this in-game in mind relating not in-game But goal plan that Chuckie has to take out Tiffany and take out those responsible for why his plans at the end of season one Didn't go as planned Devon Jake Lexi how all of them are gonna factor in catching up with Kyle Since of course is pretty much all but confirmed that Kylin did deed survive that fire since Elise is out there Christina leases out there shooting for season two so it doesn't mess if I'm wrong I'm wrong, but I don't think there's actually been a flat-out thing that says she's alive She could of course be shooting a lot of flashback sequences, but it's highly unlikely Kyle survived the fire at the end. She'll be back the fire sequence again. I've said it before I'll say it again Completely useless everyone lived which I'm fine with but at some point, you know Don't don't do stuff like that if no one's gonna really get hurt You don't have to go that big if it's ultimately gonna be no harm done to anyone You could have had the same outcome with something a lot more smaller But I don't really care big fan of Kyle big fan of Christine Elise and what she's been doing with the character Also, I am thoroughly pleased to know finally that Coming as someone who grew up with those with those original movies, you know, and then colleges vanished colleges vanished She was just gone and then for the longest period of time after 2004 you could only rewatch child's play Help to see the Chucky and then we finally got the series back and then the talks and the hopes of Kyle coming back Started up again. She ultimately came back at the end of Cult of Chucky and it's nice to just have her more prevalent again in the in the continuity All these years after that that original sequel when she debuted and became a fan favorite Kind of like I would compare her to how Kirby became a fan favorite amongst amongst screen fans Kyle is I would say it's a lot of People the Kirby of the Chucky series if I'm making a wrong comparison there You can let me know in the comment section, but I think a lot of you know what I mean If you're both a Chucky fan and a screen fan, you know exactly what I mean Hoping to see some resolutions of course as far as what's going on with Devon what's going on with Jake What's going on with Lexi? Where are they adding their lives? Are they living together more specifically? I'm thinking about Lexi and Jake living together Devon. I presume is not going to be living anywhere near them He's gonna be somewhere off with another relative a lot of people can have been thinking He's gonna be away at some type of different school all together because of the demise of his mother leaving him with of course No one to stay stay within hacking sack I guess maybe he's just like a few miles away from hacking sack and he just goes to a different school that's even miles further deep into that location and Somehow he gets factored back into the narrative because again Chucky will be stalking and tormenting those who were Responsible for the down downfall of the plan. They tried to execute at the end of the original season. I really am curious To see if there's any sort of time-jump that happens, too It seems like that's the safe assumption going off of how season one ended that they will do some type of quick time Jump to maybe catch people up with the characters Let us see that some time has passed and not pull like a Halloween kills where it's just picking up right after These characters have been through things Chucky's late low. They haven't heard anything too much from Andy Maybe maybe Andy has gone AWOL. They think but meanwhile we catch up with Andy and learn that he's been being manipulated and tormented and provoked in All these other different words I could come up with that I can't really think of right now as pertains to helping that Tiffany doll put these Chucky dolls in these children hospitals and then of course catching up with Tiffany I did see a image Jennifer Tilly posted to have some people thinking that what if Tiffany is pregnant in this Sear in this season or what if she leaves town and goes somewhere else and somehow ends up pregnant? I Really don't want to see another pregnancy storyline again I'm someone who really doesn't want this series to do too many outlandish things, but then again look at what I'm talking about I'm talking about a series in which Multiple dolls were running around at one point alive talking killing people of So it's really not I guess that outlandish to reintroduce another accelerated pregnancy storyline I just don't want them to again become too over the top and over the wall with what they're doing But again, is it really even that logical or reasonable to say that when considering all the things? They've already done prior to what I'm saying. I don't really want to see it I guess that's really not that big of a deal. It's just all again how it's presented Jennifer Tilly Of course could pull it off. She's an amazing actress I just really I think a part of it just me mostly not wanting to see any Any real things from see the Chucky outside of the only highlight for me, which was glinting Glinda And that's really it. I'm glad we're gonna have glinting Glinda black back I hope we learn a lot about what they've been up to get to learn about their relationship they've had with Tiffany and Things over the years that it seems that was again teased in the audition tapes such as maybe there's a there's a tarnished relationship Glinda and her own father Chucky and for what reason we'll find out why but let me know just think about all this down the comment section below If you haven't already, of course, make sure you subscribe turn up post if case it never miss a video in the description I have links to all my social media accounts my facebook twitter and instagram you can message me there Of course the limiters any movies news or views you'd like me to cover in the future with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


On a fine calm day it's absolutely stunning and beautiful we're on the shore of Lake Wanaka in Wanaka and it's very very windy and the dust is whipping up all over the place. Story of the day though today is that our New Zealand leader Jeff Judd went out blown engine leaving the lead to Englishman Vince Bristow who now leads from another Englishman Simon Tyso both in Ford Escorts both loving the conditions in New Zealand and Vince Bristow I think this is his fourth attempt so good luck for him tomorrow that's the last day. Now the outright leader and you've had an afternoon in the lead is it comfortable? Yeah we've got a good lead I believe it's about nine minutes we had a little issue earlier on in the day where a lead fell off and left us with no power and no engine in the stage dropped two minutes there but we're still I think we're still quite comfortable in nine minutes so we've been you know like nicking a little bit back so might be ten by now but yeah we're going all right. You don't really even need to defend in that position do you? I don't but it's still not much but it's only a puncture or something silly to happen and I've been on this rally four times now and every time it's bitten me so I just I want to get to the finish now. Well good luck for last day tomorrow. Thank you very much. Simon Tyso you're in second place now over all and in the historic what's the plan tomorrow you've got quite a ways to catch up haven't you? Yeah we won't catch up we're not even going to attempt to catch up we can only do what we've done the rest of this rally with we set out obviously just to have an average finish but to finish the rally after the time I was here before and I mean it's just played out to where we are people falling off so yeah we're not even going to attempt to catch up we're just going to do very much of the same that we've been doing obviously we've got to keep an eye on the guys behind to show you he's slowly creeping up he had 20 seconds out of us on the last stage so we've just got to keep him away but keep it straight keep it tidy and keep it on the road. Roadie Anderson now because of attrition you've ended up in second place did you hope to be that well placed? No we came into this just to finish it so we drove at the start we started pushing halfway through like I said we've ended up in second we're sort of back to right off because we've got plenty of leeway so we're just sort of driving the car now in the middle of the road probably too far to try and catch Dave Strong isn't it? Yeah no we're not even we're not even pushing him we're back to right off. Dave you've been in command of the challenge for some days now but you're looking like third overall I think in the combine is that your aim now? Well yeah yesterday afternoon it wasn't I was relieved to be safely in the lead of the challenge but we thought about it overnight and you know these opportunities don't come along too often so we've been going for it today we've been trying really really hard and we're hanging in there but there's some quick cars coming where they're just chipping away slightly but we've tried some different tires and we're working on the speed of the car. You could argue it's still a long way to Queenstown good Oh yeah there's a lot there's a lot to go I think I'm about 15-16 seconds up on my next car so we're working hard to hold that.


I like starting talking about observability with a few basics about how to think about data, how to think about observability, and then we get into the cloud native part. If you look at this, this is a screenshot from Janitzel interface, which shows you how power levels fluctuate over time. And in the circled area, you see a few spikes in voltage. If you go back a little bit, this is the Stahlschlüssel from Germany. Any property of any steel you can commercially buy on Earth, anywhere, this includes Japan and everything, can be found in this one book. And all of those chemical and physical and everything properties have been distilled into numbers. Going back even further, this is a logbook from a whaler where they locked, where they are, where they went, what they caught. This is the oldest letter we know of, 4,000 years old. It is a complaint letter, because the seller offered the wrong grade of copper. The buyer is still making provisional payment. And also, the seller was rude to the buyer's servant. And this is the oldest writing we know of. This is 6,000 years old. It tabulates who owned what slaves at what time. All of those things have one thing in common. Humanity at its core took anything which was of interest, commercial or societal or whatever, wrote this down in a detailed account over time, figured out that this wasn't efficient enough, distilled this into logs or into key events. And then when those became too much, started distilling those into numbers to do actual math with. You'll see why this is relevant in a bit. Let's start from a different angle. Observability and SRE. So who here has heard of observability? Interesting. Haven't heard of SRE? OK. OK. Different crowd. OK. So observability is a fancy term for monitoring, basically. And at least in the cloud native scene within CNCF and such, the term is everywhere. It's like the obvious term, which you must be doing. SRE is Site Reliability Engineering. And this is describing how Google runs their production services internally. Both of them are at least in the cloud native world, where I'm coming from. Absolute buzzwords, and everyone claims to do it, even though maybe they are not. So let's talk about buzzwords for a bit. Buzzwords at some point become more or less meaningless. They lose the initial reason why they were initially useful, but still they have this kernel of truth. So one thing which is super common in human culture, in human nature is so-called cargo culting, where you observe behavior and you want to replicate the success of the behavior without actually understanding what is coming in between. This term comes from the Pacific Islanders during World War II. They observed that soldiers were building small lighthouses and landing strips and such. And they observed that the gods send gift from heaven, as in planes came and they dropped cargo. And to this day, there are proto-religions in this region where they built small lighthouses, where they built small landing strips, as an incorporation in their local religion. Because their desire from their ancestors back then was so strong to replicate the success of the others without actually understanding what that is. Also just to check, who knows what monitoring is. I hope for it. Raise your hand, OK. That's a tough crowd. Monitoring is an automated way to extract data from your systems to make certain that the system state is matching the desired state. So are my service up? Are they replying with an X amount of time, this kind of thing? So I don't have to do this joke on how observable. Whatever. I work with a. So both monitoring and observability at the core are about collecting data and making use of the data. In particular, observability is emphasizing the usage of the data. The initial definition of observability from control theory is how much of a system can I deduce by just looking or a system state? Can I deduce by just looking at the inputs and the outputs? So if you cannot ask why something is not working, it's not going to be very useful. So just stating that something is the case is not completely useless, but it's oftentimes about asking deeper questions. That joke bombs here, OK? If you can't ask new questions on the fly, it's not observability. Another important thing to think about while you provision your services and run your services, in particular in the cloud native world, complexity. I personally like to discern between fake complexity and real system inherent complexity, where you should always try to get rid of fake complexity. Real system inherent complexity is something you cannot do away with. Like if you sell shoes online, you have to store who paid, what shoes you have, you have to deal with this complexity. Also, if you are subject to regulations, like, for example, in finance, those are, for your intents and purposes, real system inherent complexity. And you cannot just do away with this complexity, but you can move it around. You can compartmentalize it. And ideally, you distill meaning from it, so others who are not as an expert in that part hopefully can still get use out of this. So services. Services, to me, are compartmentalized complexity with interfaces to the outside world. They have different teams, different owners, and contracts define those interfaces. Why do I like the term contracts?  You need to agree. In writing, you cannot just say, OK, no, I didn't think my system would be doing this like it's not my fault. No, you need to agree upfront what the properties of the system are. An internet layer is a super common term where without the different layers of physical and connection layer and IP and TCP, UDP, blah, blah, blah, blah, the internet literally wouldn't exist in its current state.  You always have service interfaces for other services, which you consume and which you provide. And now, again, this is spaced. I thought people here would know what SRE is. SRE, again, is Site Reliability Engineers. That's the name for the people at Google who actually run the services. And it's a hugely successful model. They have written books about this. Arguably, it jump-started quite a large fraction of the cloud-native space. And at the core, to me, this is about alignment of incentives. Where normally, you have your software engineers that are being paid by features shipped. You have the ops people who are being paid by things not breaking. You have the product people who need to ship new features. And everyone is fighting each other. They don't really pull together error budgets. Change this, because you introduce one common currency. There is the service up. Is it quick enough? Is it returning errors? And if any of those are happening, everyone spends the same error budget. So it doesn't matter if the developers are really, really aggressive in their feature development. If product is doing A-B testing, if the thing is hard to run, and so operations people have issues, and it breaks all the time, everyone is all of a sudden talking about the same fundamental thing. SLI, SLO, SLA are, again, like buzzwords in the cloud-native space. They are what you measure, what you want to hit, and what you must hit. It's really simple. A lot of people are confused about this one. And finally, another advantage of this more common approach across the org is a shared understanding, where everyone is using the same tools and dashboards, hopefully, which means that you're looking at the same numbers. You don't have to have a fight when you meet with your manager and that other team. And everyone has a discussion about whose numbers are the least bad. And one thing is green, and the other is yellow, and one is top-down. You don't have those fights if everyone is working with the same underlying data and with the same dashboards.  Like, are responsible for production? OK. So those are, hopefully, on call for the services. On call is being defined as if something breaks, the computer automatically calls you and tells you about it for you to then fix whatever is broken, whatever you can prevent. And the thing is, a lot of time people do alerts based on symptoms, like that database is down. And that's not what your customers, what your users actually care about. They care about, is the service quick? Is it slow? Am I returning errors? Can I buy this pair of shoes? Your operations people are humans. So ideally, they get rest and they get sleep. Of course, else they won't be doing their peak performance. So this slide is about arguing that you should only be alerting on things which are currently or imminently customer-impacting. Everything else, you can raise a ticket. You can send email. You can deal with it during business hours. You don't have to wake someone up in the middle of the night. Of course, that one machine is down, as long as the end user services are up and running. And the money still flows. No one cares about that one machine. So that's the base layer for getting into Prometheus and other technologies. So who here actually knows what Prometheus is? So Prometheus is the who here knows what cloud-native computing foundation is? Yeah, that's a tough crowd, but that's good, like spread knowledge. Prometheus is a monitoring system. It's metrics-based. And again, like building on what Google did, it is heavily inspired by Google's Borgmon, which is part of what allowed Google to grow in their early years without this Google would not be as large. Prometheus is an open-source re-implementation of Borgmon. We'll see a little bit about this later. It's a time series database. I'll explain what those are in a bit. Everything internally is 64-bit values, which makes it extremely efficient on modern architectures. There is a system of instrumentation and exporters. Instrumentation being defined as you put code in your applications and directly emit data about that application. Exporters translate from MySQL, from Oracle, from whatever into something which Prometheus can understand. It's not for event logging. And dashboarding is commonly done via Grafano. The main selling points, it has a highly dynamic build in services coverage. So if you run Kubernetes, or if you run on any cloud provider, or even if you just have a DNS zone or you have a file where all your services are listed, you literally can just give this to Prometheus and it starts scraping. It starts monitoring all those services, all those endpoints you don't have to do manual configuration or anything. It's all fully automated. Again, if you use Kubernetes as any cloud provider, everything happens as if by magic. It doesn't have a hierarchical data model. It has an n-dimensional matrix. So you can slice and dice your matrix as you need. Because if you have region, country, data center, customer, and then you want to group by customer, everything is wrong. And you need to go up in the tree. You need to do for if, blah, blah, blah. You don't have to do this when everything is attached as key value pairs onto your data and you can just select by whatever key value pair you want. There's one single language which you need to learn for everything, processing, graphing, alerting, everything. It's really simple to operate and it's highly efficient. It's pull-based. So it takes the data from the systems. There's also push-based model where all the systems which are supposed to be alive send data to the monitoring system. Both are valid. They have some fine-grained distinctions, but that's too far from here. You just need to know that it's pull-based. Blackbox monitoring is being defined as I look at a thing from the outside. Does the HTTP server reply, yes or no? How quickly? Blah, blah, blah. Versus whitebox, I actually know about the inner workings of this and that program, of this and that application, and emit data directly. Services ideally have their own metrics endpoints, so you don't have to have this one huge thing where everything is coming from.  You have distinct endpoints per service. Within Prometheus, we have extremely hard guarantees on stability.  So we don't want to introduce breakage on our end. We are extremely stringent about not breaking anything. And every six weeks, there is a new release candidate. So what are time series? Time series are just recorded values which change over time. And you write down what the value was and you write down when it was.  Individual events are usually merged into counters, like how many people logged into my website, for example, or gorgeous. How much RAM am I currently using or histograms? How much latency do I have on this and that service? And what is the latency distribution? Like 99% of my users have at maximum x waiting time, so they are happy. I know they're happy because they don't have a lot of waiting time. Yeah, it's really easy to emit, read, and parse those. This is how it looks. I know someone who literally prints F from their C code and he puts this into a file, serves this file on a web server, and that's how he did his instrumentation for Prometheus. And that has been working for years and years now. So how can you use this? If you, for example, want to ask what partitions do you have, all of the ones which are not root and have at least 100 gigabytes of capacity. So you can select node file. Node is the name of the exporter. It exports Unix systems towards Prometheus for my file systems in my bytes total, not mounted on slash, which is root, divided by 1 to the power of 10 by 9. So 1 billion, which is wrong in this example, actually. No, it's not, of course, we have over 100. No, it's not wrong. So this is a billion. And then it needs to be over 100. That is the query. And this would be in a random system, your return. You see this and that device, and this and that mount point, and this and that system, and it has this and that amount of gigabytes of storage or capacity. You can also do more complex things, like for example, what is the ratio of request that's another one of those things. I don't care about if I have one error. I don't care if I have 10,000 errors. I care if I am above a certain percentage of errors, because if I have one error per day, but I only have one user per day, that's really bad. If I have 10,000 errors per second, but I have 10 million requests per second, that's not that bad. So it's always, I want to have the ratio, and that's how I get this ratio. Basically, I summarize by path. Path is this label here. How many requests do I get per second over the last five minutes, which have a status of 500, which is HTTP error. And then I divide this by all the requests per second over the last five minutes. And then a random service might give me this as my response. So you can do really deep analysis. And as you can see, you don't need to know about what systems exist or anything. You just run the query. And no matter if you have one or 10,000 systems, everything, all the computation happens automatically. Those are the main features of the last 12 months, remote right receiver. So you can also push data towards Prometheus, trigonometric functions. So you can do sine wave and cosine and things like these. Of course, the use case we had is someone was monitoring their wind turbines. And they needed to know what angle those wind turbines were into the wind. So that's why we added those. Agent mode, where if you have corporate requirements for opening very few ports on your systems or something, you can use the agent and it basically forwards a lot of data from systems towards Prometheus without Prometheus needing to know about every last one of those. We have long-term support versions. Again, we have new releases or new release candidates every six weeks. The long-term support versions are usually supported for at least half a year, depending on user feedback. But if you don't want to upgrade as often, but still want to have all the security patches, you can have it. And out of order ingestion, where you can basically send data which is older than what Prometheus would normally expect, that's probably too in-depth for this crowd here. And the next feature, the next highlight feature will be native histograms. There you can put a lot more resolution into your histograms. So you can figure out with a lot more detail, for example, what your latency distributions are when customers want to access a web service or something. Prometheus and Kubernetes are the cloud-native defaults. Kubernetes is the open-source re-implementation of Google Spork. Prometheus is the open-source re-implementation of Google Sporkmon. And both of those, again, are the thing which actually allowed Google to grow in the early 90s. Without them, they wouldn't have been able to. So even though they started in different areas, Prometheus and Kubernetes are written with each other in mind by the initial creators, because they knew how it was done at Google. They are also the two founding projects in the cloud-native computing foundation, the two oldest ones, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, always those two. A little bit about scaling, this just Prometheus. It's absolutely not a problem to ingest more than one million samples per second on this laptop. No problem, long-term. It just works. You come out at roughly 250,000 samples per second in core, which you can ingest. We compressed those 16 bytes, of course, two times 64-bit from earlier, if you remember, to consistently 1.36 bytes per sample. So there's very good compression built into the system. And a Prometheus server itself is reliable into the tens of millions of active series. The largest Prometheus I know of has 125 million active series, as in data which is actively ingests again and again and again, usually every 10 to 60 seconds. So let's talk about other things. Mimir, who knows what Grafana is? So Mimir is a project by Grafana Labs. Based on Prometheus, most of the development for Mimir actually happens in, or a lot of it happens in Prometheus, and Mimir is based on it. Mimir metrics, yes, we have this thing with the first letter. And the history for those who care, basically there was Prometheus first, then Cortex split off from this, then from this we created Grafana Enterprise Metrics, and based on this we have Mimir. Mimir actually scales to one billion active series. So at any time and point, you're actively ingesting one billion different data points from different time series every 10 to 60 seconds. And it scales to this level. It's really, really fast in query performance. You have multi-tenancy if you need it, access control, three-ray replication, of course, Prometheus is its own instance, and if it goes away, it goes away. And it can ingest open telemetry data.graphite influx, other protocols which you cannot do with Prometheus. So for those one billion active series within one cluster, we needed 1500 machines at a cost of 7000 CPU cores and 30 terabytes of RAM, which is a lot, but for that scale, it's actually not that much. Loki, like Prometheus, but for logs, it uses the same fundamental metadata level with or structure with key value pairs, and this is for logs, Loki, yeah? And one thing which you have with a lot of logging systems is, in my opinion, they do the wrong trade-off, where either they have full text indexing and you pay for all the full text indexing, like in the licensing, in the compute, in the storage, in the RAM, in network, you double your storage alone from full text indexing, and most of the things in your logs you will never ever search for. Or the other thing where you have a data lake, which is to me a euphemism for keeping your storage vendor happy, because you just keep buying more storage and no one ever really actually looks at the data, you just keep it and you keep it. So what Loki does is similar to what Prometheus does, it only indexes the labels, those key value pairs which we saw, and everything else is an opaque blob, you can put whatever in. I know someone who puts photos in there because he wants to. It works at a really high scale without all this massive cost which you have with more traditional systems, I won't name them, and you have a flexible schema on read. So you don't have this thing from SQL where you are really tied to specific happy paths of reading, with your indexes and everything, you can actually be flexible in how you want to extract your data and how you want to mangle your data while you get it out and while you put it in your alerts, in your dashboards, in your reports, in your further processing, whatever. And there's a really easy way to turn logs into metrics, which the savings we'll see at the end of this talk. It looks basically the same, you have a timestamp, then you have your label set, and then you have whatever is at the end. The slides will also be uploaded right when I'm done with the deal. At Grafana, as of two months ago, we are ingesting 160 by terabytes per day in our largest cluster. We have multiple, but that's the largest one. Queries regularly see speeds higher of 80 gigabytes per second, just on standard cloud hardware or cloud instances, which means you can create terabytes of data in under a minute. And yes, this includes all the complex processing of the result set. Tempo for traces. Who here knows what distributed traces are? Okay, so distributed traces are basically charting the path through your application, or generally traces chart the path through your application, which on more traditional systems is really relatively easy. Of course, I have one application and I'm running through this thing. If you ever use a debugger like GDB or something, that's what this is, or what you can do with it. Distributed tracing is due to the fact that on more dynamic workloads in cloud, you have more smaller services. You don't have to have those microservice, but even if you have a modern web shop, you probably have two or three different things which do the computation before someone can actually buy their thing. Distributed tracing charts this path through your system so you actually know this one request from that one user took this and that pathway, and it took really long here, and then it erode out over here. Like, things like these are possible with distributed tracing. They are a lot more expensive than logs or metrics, which is why I started with how we always condense, because we are basically at this complete story of something happening again, but they are very valuable. Usually you take fewer or a lot fewer traces than other things. So, Tempo is a system which allows you to do cloud-native distributed tracing also at really cloud scales. One of the tricks which Tempo has, which no one else has, is something else which comes from Google initially when many years ago I was at Google and I had a meeting at Google and we were discussing about merging certain projects, didn't end up working, but whatever, and they mentioned that searching for traces didn't scale. And when Google tells you that searching for something doesn't scale, they probably did the math. So the thing is when you do the thing with labels on your logs, on your metrics, which works on your logs and your metrics, it's actually too expensive to also do this on your traces, but you don't have to, of course. The thing is I already distilled the meaning from my traces. I already distilled, this and that thing is a slow query. I already know that this and that thing is throwing errors. So I don't have to do this analysis. I don't have to do this in-depth search on my traces. I can use exemplars. Exemplars are really simple. They are just an ID which I attach to a trace. And then I store this exemplar, this trace ID with my logs, with my metrics. And if I see that I have this and that error and there is an exemplar attached to it, I can jump directly into that one trace. And I know it is relevant, of course I know it happened with this and that error. I don't have to figure out needle and haystack is this thing actually worthwhile out of the other five million traces. Or if I have that one slow query response, I know this is coming, like I see this in my histogram, I can jump directly into the trace. So that's what the template and exemplars are for. It does support searching by labels and by label sets for those who need or want it. It only needs an object store. You don't need elastic or Cassandra or anything in the background, which makes it a lot cheaper than pretty much everything you can find. It's 100% compatible with open telemetry tracing, Zipking, Yega, everything. And at Grafana internally, we don't do sampling. Sampling is I choose a number, 1%, and I throw away 99% of my data in the hopes that the 1% is something which I can actually use, which is super frustrating. Of course, if I happen to throw away something which I would have needed and I see the reference, it should exist, but it's been thrown away. Super frustrating. This system is cheap enough so we don't have to do sampling. We don't have to throw away our data. Also, as of three months ago at Grafana, we are ingesting 2.2 million samples per second at sustained 350 megabytes per second, which comes out to, or we peak regularly to five million samples, and then we re-instrument, because that's the happy spot for us, this amount of insight. And it's 14-day retention with three copies stored. Sorry, I forgot to put in the compute cost. Send me email later, I can give you the numbers. And the latencies of doing this analysis is super low. Like 99% of all requests come back within 2.5 seconds to the system. 50% of those are coming back within 1.6 seconds. By the way, those P percentiles, those are what you can do with histograms like service latencies. This goes too far for this talk, but again, send me email if you want to know more about this. Flare is for profiling. Who knows what profiling is?  And this isn't that function, and this isn't that loop, whatever, do I actually do computation or do I just wait for someone else? Am I stuck in some loop? Am I losing memory? As in, do I have a memory leak? Things like these are really easy to discern with profiling. Again, it's a relatively expensive view of the world. Of course, metrics and logs are more efficient. But it's extremely useful for optimization. So once your systems are up and running and they don't break all the time anymore, cost reduction and efficiency increase and speed increase is really easy with this. Currently, there are two languages supported to send data into the system for go standard pre-prof. Anyone who develops anything in go gets this basically free as part of the Golang development kit. You can just hit the pre-prof endpoint. If you don't know that your go application has a pre-prof endpoint, it most likely does. And it's super useful information which you can just find for free. And for Java, we have a project where you can emit literally the same data in the same format about Java and we'll add more and more over time. So I told you that traces and profiles are really expensive and logs and metrics are way more efficient and cheap. But let's look at just the difference between logs and metrics. Again, this is data from our own clusters with extremely large data sets. When I would be doing full text indexing of 10 terabytes of data, I would come out at roughly 20 terabytes of data with the full text index. That's not what we are doing but that's like the rough scale of what could be happening. If I ingest 10 terabytes of logs into Loki, I obviously have to store those 10 terabytes. But the index, the thing which we actually have to search through is only 200 megabytes of data which is... Three, six or seven orders of magnitude less. Like it's insane this difference. This is why we're not doing full text indexing. But even with this efficient thing, average logs at Grafana come out at roughly 600 bytes per log line, including index and everything. Metrics, as we saw earlier, come out at 1.36 bytes per second as we saw earlier. So just going on those two numbers even in the already reduced index, just going on those numbers, when I can turn a log line into a counter, like for example, I have an error and I can write a log about this but I can also in theory just up my counter for this and that error. Put my labels on it so I know where it happens and everything but I just up this number. This gives me a 99.8 reduction in storage size just for the first log line. And afterwards, within the storage time which is usually two hours, it is literally free because it doesn't matter to me if I'm storing a one or a 10 billion, but it would matter in logs. So you have incredible power to take large data sets and become really, really efficient with your data sets. That's the main message. That's also why I started on this, how humanity did it again and again and again over the millennia course. As humanity, we always came out at the same. So bringing all of this together with this stack, you can jump from logs to traces, metrics to traces, traces to logs and all the other ways because they're all interconnected, those systems on the back end. All of this is open source. You can run it yourself. If you want to pay for goods and services, Grafana Labs is happy to. I like food and shelter but all of what I talked about is completely open source.  Like I can show different graphs. I can stack them. If I want to do those calculations, I can have, yeah, totally.  I can put key events in here, errors or alerts or deployments of new things. I can also do stuff like geographical overview or heat maps, things like these. Thank you, and we have five minutes for questions. We have three minutes for questions. No one? Be bold. Anything which I should talk more about which fits into three minutes. Any slide I should jump back to. Okay, thank you very much.


Well, with stroke we needed something that could combine really very different deficits. Understanding what you're saying, understanding your speech, movement of your leg, ability to see off to one side. These types of deficits are very different and the scale allowed them to be summed in a number. The NIH Stroke Scale has proven to be a very important prognostic tool. We use it not only in clinical research, but we use it when we talk to patients and families. Because we know that among patients who have a low score, four or five, for example, their chances of having a fairly good outcome, surviving the illness and maybe not even having much impairment afterwards or much disability is very, very high. We can explain that to families and they understand that. The real benefit in the Stroke Scale is that it provides you a common language to talk about the severity of the patient's deficit so that when your colleagues take over the care of the patient on the neurology service or the internal medicine service, they can understand the nature of the stroke and the severity of it when the patient presented and they can also get an assessment of the patient's getting better or worse by repeating the Stroke Scale at a later time. The NIH Stroke Scale is a measurement of impairments. That is what a physician finds on exam. It's not a measure of disability. We do have different scales than measure of disability and I've pointed out to physicians and colleagues that what is an impairment is an entirely different thing than a disability and I give the example of two guys going out to cut wood. One is the pianist and the other is the vocalist. In a misadventure, they both cut off the right hand. They both have the same impairment. The vocalist is not disabled, but the pianist is. My hope is that every medical student who goes into a medical school knows what the NIH Stroke Scale and has actually been trained and been certified in that scale. What we're trying to do is make this part of the common currency so that everybody understands what the patient's level of deficit is as they're explaining it to other care providers. Another very important reason why the NIH Stroke Scale score should be carried out in everybody is that it ensures that the patient is going to be thoroughly examined and you won't go by a first impression that this patient, for instance, doesn't have a severe stroke.  And I think that's something that's missing before we had scales like the NIH Stroke Scale score to use. There aren't always specified stroke units. We need it was a standardized way to examine our patients and if we have this tool, we can make better judgments about is this patient better or worse. This scale brought the neurological examination of a stroke patient, which is so variable, down to a basic level in which one could actually attribute a score to it. Also, it's a very good scale that correlates very well with how the patient's going to do long term. The more consistent the communication, the more and better I think the care of the patient's going to be. So I think that that's the greatest benefit.