The way I look at it is because we have unique challenges in for a financial institution being that we are monitored by regulatory agencies, we think that we've established a fairly good pattern and learned a fair bit through our technology journey. And we're hoping that what we've learned will be helpful to you. If you roll back a few years and my colleague Darian will go into more detail on this but a few years ago, we began to understand that in order to remain competitive, in order to progress as a company, we really need to dedicate ourselves to being a technology company. And this involved some changes in various parts of the organization, from the technology we used to how we use the technology itself to how we organize ourselves as creators and users of this technology. If you look at how we approach things like open source, like public cloud, like agile and DevOps, methodologies and principles, all of this was adopted at a broad scale over the past few years. And we learned a great deal in this process. We learned what is possible. We learned about how to overcome some of the challenges we came across due to the aforementioned unique challenges that we face. And we've come to the position that this has been a great growth experience as we go through this cycle of modernization and how we have simultaneously delivered great things while establishing these core principles and putting them in place. So that we have now a culture of collaboration and a culture of ownership. And we've nurtured that for our engineering team so that they can be innovative but at the same and sustain that innovation, more importantly, but also so that they can, while building things, they can maintain them over time and be able to manage the risks associated with some of these technologies. Being a financial institution, we look at risk plays a very heavy role in the decisions we make. So we look through all these stuff through a risk management lens. So in every decision that we make, we're balancing the progress that we'll make versus the risk that we have to manage. And in each case, we determined that going forward with these plans made sense from a risk management standpoint because in putting them forward, we're actually helping to manage risk. Whereas, in some cases, maybe in another situation, someone may make the determination that going forward with these technologies could introduce new risks. But while we take them into account, we balance that with the overall risk that we incur and how do we establish the guardrails and the process so that we can properly govern all of these new initiatives over time. If you look at the slide here, we've laid out some of the core principles that we have established in this technology journey from modernizing our standards to embracing an open source first mentality to really going all in and embracing cloud-native technologies to rolling out agile development methodologies across the majority of engineering teams, I would say. Really doubling down on the continuous integration and continuous delivery story, which we can use to standardize the technologies that are developed and how they're developed and how they're rolled out. And then really focusing on how this affects human beings. How does our technology affect the customers both internally at Capital One and externally? And then finally, we have to get it ready for an artificial intelligence world and making sure that we have ways to embed the machine learning technologies that we're all using to compete. And then finally, balancing that against the cyber risk. So speaking of risk management, I wanted to walk through, take a step back and look at risk management from a couple of different angles because when it comes to embracing open source technologies and open source methodologies, there are some things to take into account. So I have here on the screen a study from Gartner all about software composition analysis and scanning and the role of scanning. But more than that, and this is something I like to talk about a lot is viewing the software supply chain in its totality and how the provenance of the source code we use affects how we govern its usage inside Capital One. But also governs how we think about pushing our contributions back out upstream into these open source communities, which I'll touch on that in a bit more detail later. But first and foremost, how do we look at the totality of the software ecosystem that we depend on? And how do we mitigate the risks by hardening that supply chain and making sure that it's reliable and that we can depend on it to sustain our innovation going forward? This plays a very large role in how we manage risk for our technology rollouts. Along the same lines, Forrester also came out with a report focusing on cloud container adoption and enterprise, but you could really look at the takeaways from this report and apply it to frankly, any new technology that's being adopted on a massive scale across the industry. In this case cloud computing, I'm sorry, container adoption, but it could apply to anything really. But the finding here is that compliance is the number one concern among senior tech leaders using container management platforms. You could insert a lot of different technologies in that place, maybe Kubernetes and container management or some other technology platform. But the key here is when managing risk, it's all about how do we adopt the technologies that are gonna sustain our productivity while making sure that we comply with the various regulatory bodies that monitor us and also making sure that we manage the licensing, the open source licensing in a way that makes sense for our developers and users and how do we make sure that the guardrails that we've established can be monitored without getting in the way of our developers? How do we create a system that allows our developers to do their jobs without us interfering? And further to that point, if you look at the real impact of say, open source of DevOps and Agile and cloud-first principles, you can see a very real impact across the enterprise. This is a 2019 survey from the Linux Foundation, the wonderful host of today's session. But in this survey that was released in September of 2019, you can see that the organizations that adopt open source methodologies and an open source approach, they're the ones that deploy the most often. They're the ones that use the most open source code. There is a tangible relationship there that I think speaks to the flexibility that's allowed by mass adoption of open source software. And then we come to... I spoke a couple of minutes ago about how we view software usage and governance through a risk management lens. And to help us with that view, I often like to refer to the supply chain funnel, which helps us ascertain where a particular product is in its development lifecycle. But it also, when looking at this funnel, it also implies an ease with which it can be bidirectional, so that no matter where you are in the funnel, you're always taking in feedback and contributing back to the source of the software that you use. When you look at the supply chain funnel, think of most of the upstream open source technologies that we use in building our software. Think of those in the top layer. Those are the core development libraries the core platforms that we develop on. Think of all the JavaScript, no JS pieces that most enterprises use on a daily basis. All of that consists of essentially raw parts. And as we move down the funnel, these raw parts coalesce until at the very end we have a released product. And by looking at it at the software development process through this diagram, we're able to, first of all, make sure that we've got the processes in place by which we can sustain the developments of these upstream communities, but also see how it links to our overall product development so that we're linking our open source usage and methodologies directly to the value chain so that there's a clear link. We can demonstrate a clear link between our adoption of open source and the increase of value of what we deliver. One thing I really like to point out every time I talk about the sky chain funnel is this mid tier. It has interesting properties in its own right because this is the stage where the raw parts that you initially bring in, they first start to coalesce around a relatively mature platform, not a polished product per se, but a relatively stable and mature platform that attracts developers. This is where you build out your developer ecosystems as well as maybe get your first early adopters. And I love that the unique properties of this layer and I can talk separately just about that middle layer if anybody wants to hear me in another session. But overall, Capital One, just like a lot of different larger enterprises, perhaps 80 to 90% of the software that we develop comes from open source sources. And so by looking at it in this way, it helps us to understand the provenance of the software we use so that we make sure to think about the sustainable development of each parts of this funnel. Making sure that the top tier, the top of the funnel is sustainable is every bit as important as making sure that the bottom tier, the release product is also sustainably developed. So this is key to our thinking. So as part of undertaking this journey of modernization of our technology, modernization of technology takes the form of both the technology platforms that we use as well as the way we put together technology and the way we put together organizations to ensure this culture of collaboration. The open source program office was started some five years ago to help ensure that we have the processes and people in place to make sure that we're doing the right thing. And so this comprises five different channels or columns. So beginning with usage, how we use the software we take in and going back to this flight chain funnel would be like the pieces of software that fill out that top layer. How do we bring that in? How do we ingest it and push it into our development processes? How do we make sure that we're using the best versions? How do we make sure that we've identified and remediated significant vulnerabilities? How do we make sure that the license management is in compliance? All of these things we look at when we're bringing in new software for our developers. And the second piece of that is the contribution. And this is where I talk about, and this is where in the previous diagram I alluded to the bidirectional nature of the funnel. In this case, it's we help to mitigate risk by making sure that the contribution process is streamlined such that developers can take the changes they make and push them back upstream because we don't wanna be maintaining technical debt over time. And this having a streamlined contribution process helps us to manage our technical debt more sustainably. So it doesn't increase dramatically over time. We can kind of keep it at the base level. And then finally, sponsorship. Sponsorship is a word we use to describe when we release open source software projects. How do we launch open source communities? Again, this is key because for the software we develop and when you think about it from a technical debt perspective and how you manage that, when you think about it from making sure that the software is robust and delivers according to what we'd like, the visibility that it attains by being available in open source communities is highly valuable because now we have many third parties who will determine how well it works. And if it doesn't work as well for them, they will let us know and we can build that into the process and make sure that not only are we managing risk from a technical debt standpoint, but we're managing risk from a robustness of software standpoint. And then the last two things, this fourth piece, inner source, this is all about the culture of collaboration and ownership that we've worked so hard to build here. How do we make sure that our developers are coalescing around those middle tiers in the supply chain funnel? How do we make sure that the platforms we built are becoming viable standards that support the initiatives of developers and users at Capital One? And then this fifth one is, this goes back to the sustainability of the communities that we depend on. How do we make sure that the software we depends on will continue to be reliable over time and can sustain our innovation internally? And so this is where we invest in communities and foundations like the Linux Foundation, like the Continuous Delivery Foundation, like Fianos, the CNCF, the Apache Software Foundation, it's all about making sure that we can continue that symbiotic relationship and rely on these core pieces over time. All right, and now I'm gonna turn over to my colleague, Darian, Darian, take it away. Thanks, John Mark. As John Mark mentioned earlier, there's a whole area, there's multiple spaces that we had to go through and changes to our culture to enable not just leveraging open source, but modernizing our whole technology mindset. And so I'm gonna take you a little bit through the history of that, how we got to where we are, some of the pitfalls that we accounted for, some of the things that we learned along the way. And if you take, go back to the beginning where we decided we need to be a tech company, we need to play in this space because that is what is being, that's where all the competitive realities are. For us to really survive and lead in the financial space, we recognized we had to change the way that we did business and it had to start at the base here. And a lot of that came from our acquisition of ING Direct, that sort of kicked off the, hey, look, technology first seems to make a real sense there. So as John Mark said, going in all in on Agile was one of the first pieces there. And building all the way through getting open source, saying that we're gonna start dabbling in the cloud, going through containers, committing to the cloud, building a container platform for the enterprise, that's led us to where we are today, which is 100% in the public cloud. We have shut down our data centers, we have no more legacy system operations or anything like that. And to understand the scope of that, we have a technology organization that's about 10,000 strong. And having that change from waterfall to agile, educating that large group of engineers and folks comes at a cost, it is hard to do.  Open source actually makes some of that easier because there's so much available out there that we can leverage and bring to the table to enable our technologies to really help us do our business. Next slide, please. So as we started dabbling in the cloud, we have to recognize we're a highly regulated company. We are a financial company, people trust us with their financial health, with their money and we are 100% committed to ensuring that we do the right thing for them and keeping that trust. We also had to make sure that we enabled the engineers working in the cloud to understand the cloud, to how do they start operating the cloud in an effective way so that they could get the job done while making sure that we were compliant, making sure that we were safe in doing those things. Some of the things we had to do is stand up, we built a very comprehensive tech college to help educate. We have very large numbers. I think if this is, we're pretty close to having the highest percentage of AWS certified associates next to Amazon itself, because we believe in that education piece and making sure that the organization has the knowledge necessary to do these things. But we didn't get there overnight, right? Having this constant education and constant learning, it was absolutely necessary. And when we started moving into the cloud, obviously we can't just do everything all at once. It's a, let's take some of these easier pieces, some of the leaves of the tree there, things that were less dependent upon other pieces that we could move over and do a lift and shift to start out with. Next slide, please. So some of the mentality that we clearly had to adopt pretty early was, has to be automated, we have to have DevOps, we have to enable these teams to operate on their own. So we've had this you build it, you own it mentality. But along with that, of course, comes some of its own issues of duplicating problems, duplicating solutions. We've got 8,500 engineers, over a thousand teams, invariably team over here doesn't know what team over there is doing and they need to solve the same thing. Open source was 100% leveraged in almost all of these, but sometimes even leveraging those open source pieces, you can put them together in different ways that duplicate a solution, but in different ways. So there's a lot of undifferentiated heavy lifting that occurs when we wanna try and minimize that as much as possible. So next slide, please. Part of the pieces that enabled us to start being a little bit less duplicative in our efforts were some of these pieces of software that we recognized we had to have. One was Higia, which gave us the ability to view that DevOps pipeline, that CI CD pipeline, very well from start to finish and understand where everyone was. And in 2015, we were able to make that open source and immediately started getting great contributions from a huge part of the community out there. As it stands right now, Walmart, I believe, has over 5,000 active Higia users and they use it widely in their organization. Cloud custodian is a automated governance and security appliance, as well as some cost optimizations cloud environments. And we've had great engagement across the industry, Amazon, Microsoft, and we've recently donated it to the CNCF. And this is 100% behind our mission that John Mark leads here. We need to give back. We want to generate great software and we want those contributions back from the community because we know that there's brilliant people out there that have great perspective that we can also learn from. Next slide, please. So as we're going through this journey here towards more recently, let's say within the past couple of years, as we moved most of our workloads into the cloud using more fundamental portions of it, we realized, hey, there's a lot of opportunity here, maybe to consolidate workloads, to get a little bit more smaller bite-sized pieces. And so we recognized we really had to have a container platform for the enterprise that met our needs from a security standpoint, from a regulation standpoint. And we've been building that for us. Forrester recently found 86% of technology leaders plan to use containers for more applications. That is clearly aligned with us. We recognize that it is the path forward for us. We based ours on Kubernetes. And because we are, again, a regulated entity, we have a lot of unique needs and challenges that we have to solve for. Some of those pieces, some of those fundamental pieces of our container platform, we have open sourced. CRIT is one of them. E2D is another. Those are available on our open source repos on GitHub right now. And as we look forward, as we move forward and build up more, I'm sure more pieces of that will come out because we want to leverage the investment that the community can provide. Next slide. So, in closing, there's so much opportunity with open source software for an enterprise, even a highly regulated one. From our own experience, our journey of moving into the cloud and becoming this tech-first company could not have been made possible without open source. Yeah, that's a very good point. It's interesting to look back over the history and see how much of the current state of technology, as we know it today, how much of that would not be possible if not for the initial development of open source platforms that's been crucial, as well as the cloud platforms that have developed concurrently. The other thing I want to point out is that when we talk about risk, mitigating risk and risk management and the software supply chain, it's crucial. It's a vital importance that you learn how to build the relationships with your risk partners. This is something I like to emphasize a lot, which is there's a tendency among developers to, I guess, misunderstand the intent of the auditors and the risk managers and those folks and legal staff. And I just want to mention that those are vital partnerships that should be built in order to, if you want to build and sustain and make this manageable over time, it's crucial to bring those people along and make sure that they are your core partners when you move forward with any of this stuff. That's one of the takeaways I've had from working with in Capital One as well as a variety of other companies. They can help you unlock so much as you move forward and we couldn't do what we do without their support and input and helping to move this forward. So when you look at things through a risk management lens, run that by your risk partners and make sure that you've established, done the work to establish those relationships. That's a great point. And I think that's the end of our core content. I think right now we can open it up to questions. I think there are some... Yes, I will... I've got some questions. Yeah, I'll be the presenter of questions. Cool. So first one for you, Jean-Marc, is how has Capital One tackled legal and governance concerns around open source contributions? Excellent question. The first part of that is... I'll answer that by taking on the first unspoken part, which was there was a long process to make sure that we were governing open source usage first and foremost. We had to make sure we had the processes and the infrastructure in place to support what we wanted to do with open source from a usage standpoint. When it came to contributing, one of the things that attracted me to Capital One was I've been in open source communities for many years, and I saw that it takes some work to get large enterprises to be engaged and to be contributing to communities. And that's what attracted me to Capital One to help streamline that process. And one of the things that I found out is that speaking of the unique challenges that we face in the regular industry, it was basically a question of how do we frame the issue? If you frame the issue as, yeah, we want to stick some things open source, it's because it's fun to do, it really has to be about what value does it deliver. And once you frame it as, hey, we need to balance risks by making sure that we're managing our risk of technical debt management, we're managing our risks of not being visible externally. These are all the things that we have to balance when we're conceiving of our contribution processes. So we made some initial headway on this a few years ago, and then over time, we've been able to refine that and streamline the process. And in fact, we're in the process right now of further streamlining it and making it more accessible and easy to use for our developers as part of our ongoing building of the culture of cooperation. That's great. Just as a reminder to anyone listening, if you do have a question, please just click the little QA button, you can put it right in there. The next one I'm going to take, what makes a container platform compliant? What regulations does Capital One care about? So that's a very good question. And I think when it comes to your companies, it's going to be a variable. From a Capital One perspective, the things we care about are, do we have some sort of chain of custody of those containers? Can we guarantee what is being deployed into production is exactly what was committed in code? So we have that viability and the ability to verify what that actually is. Are the things running in the container platform all from the appropriate place? Have they all been vetted appropriately? Do they have the appropriate permission lockdowns? Do we have them tagged appropriately so that the right teams get called when those containers are not running well? The composition of the containers themselves, are they as minimal as possible? Do we have as little vectors of attack as possible in there? Are they patched? Are they rehydrated? How long are they running? Do we want a container that sits there and runs for 60 days and never dies? Probably not. We'd rather probably have something that runs for maybe a maximum of 24 hours and leverage the capabilities of containers to automatically spin up and spin down and balance across live containers so that even if someone were to compromise a given container, they would only have a short period of time to do any work inside of that container. So a lot of those things that we think about, they're not necessarily baked into any platform. There's no one tool out there that does all of this for you. A lot of it is open source software that we've had to leverage and software that we've built to help us achieve these pieces so that the developers don't have to think about these things. They just know that they deploy a container and it's gonna be compliant by using this base container and these tools inside of production will automatically handle some things for them. Next question for you, John Mark, is how do you harden the open source supply chain? Is this SDLC simplification? How do you harden the open source supply chain? How do you simplify SDLC? Yeah, maybe I'll take a pass on that one, but hardening the open source supply chain, I can address that. You harden the open source supply chain by being involved and being present. And this comes back to how we view risk. I've seen so many companies that view risk from the standpoint of we're gonna take an open source code and we're going to scan it for vulnerabilities and then we're gonna remediate those and we're gonna use our software and we're done. That doesn't harden the supply chain. That is basically foregoing the supply chain maintenance to somebody else. Whereas if you are involved in the supply chain process and developing it, you're going to ensure that it's more robust, more sustainable over time. And by being present and involved, you're helping the communities on which you depend be more reliable and sustainable over time. I feel that this yields the best results over time because what better way to manage vulnerabilities and protect cybersecurity than to prevent vulnerabilities from ever appearing in the first place? This is especially why contributing and being present in these communities is so important. Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. Okay, next question, I'm going to answer this first one and it's gonna be a quickie and then I'll just answer a follow up to the containers. So the first question is how long does it take for a company to become 100% in the cloud? Well, I can share with you my experience with Capital One. I joined almost four years ago to the day and when I joined, we were about 8% of our workloads in the cloud and we were 100% in the cloud earlier this year. So for us, it was a three and a half-ish year journey. That I think is going to be very dependent upon your individual organization, the commitment you have to that, the buy-in from the very top because it's not an easy process. It is extremely complex to do and there's only really one other major company that we're aware of that's done it and that was Netflix. So there's probably others out there but nothing probably anywhere close to our size and revenue or anything like that. Does that drive with you, John Mark? Oh yeah, absolutely. And then the other piece is, let's see, oh, okay, the question has changed a little bit. So do you still use UbuilditU on it? The answer is yes and we've just shifted that a little bit, right? So now the platform itself has responsibilities for certain things but as a development team, you're still responsible for the construction of your container or your Lambda or whatever it is as well as being responsible for operating it and making sure that the metrics are set up correctly, the scaling is set up correctly, the on-call rotation is all there. Yeah, it's core. Our teams embrace that, it's a core part of who we are. Absolutely. All right, question for you, John Mark. What is your strategy for joining or contributing to open source foundations? That is a terrific question because it changes over time and it really depends on linking the software used to the value that's delivered, taking a look at what software do you depend on? What communities do you depend on? How is it used internally? And then we use that to determine which foundations doesn't make the most sense to support financially. A lot of this comes down to which foundations, which communities are our developers already involved in? So we take input from a variety of sources from our developers but ultimately it comes down to how do we, again, viewing through risk management lens, how do we ensure that we are best able to sustain our innovation internally and using that to determine and basically ranking which foundations are the most important to us and which ones do we participate in? So that's definitely the approach we take. But again, it shifts. Technology changes over time, new foundations pop up over time. We have several different teams that will take on new technologies that we have to be kept up to date with. So it evolves but we're always looking to see where should we be putting, placing our bets. Yeah, I can only imagine and I'm nowhere near as plugged in as you are to the whole ecosystem. I mean, they're probably what, dozens of different foundations out there that you have to keep a pulse on. Yeah, you can't throw a rock without hitting three different foundations. Oh, it's, yes, it's a, there are a number of, there's no shortage of communities to invest your time and money. And that's why you have to be, that's why you have to link it back to the value that you deliver and make sure that it makes sense when you're putting your resources into various communities and foundations. Ultimately, you're going to need to be able to back up your claim that investing in these is important. And what better way to do that than to show the usage patterns internally and what, which ones are the most important to you? Yeah. All right, next question. I think this is one that maybe we can both tag team on. Understanding that company-specific software creation will not be open sourced and that technology-based capabilities can be open sourced. Where does Capital One draw the line on open sourcing when it is industry-specific, i.e. regulation-based capabilities? That's, that's, ooh, that's an interesting question. You know, it's, I would say it's early days yet, but I would say that there could be an opportunity to partner up, speaking of our open source foundations, we are involved in the Phenos Foundation, which is comprised mostly of financial institutions. And I know that's certainly an area that they care about. And I look forward to continuing that conversation. I think it's going to be more important every time. Yeah, that jives with me. And, and, you know, I think maybe a little bit more when I think about it, you know, we open source cloud custodian, right? And that is the way we ensure compliance. And yet we're not necessarily giving away the secret sauce as to what those policies specifically are on how we, we, we secure things, mostly because our environment is going to be different than all of yours out there, right? We have, you know, hundreds of different AWS accounts and GCP and Azure and things like that. And how we've structured them has evolved over time and it may not be the same as yours. So those policies may not be appropriate for your environment. And I would, I would think that, you know, we never want to give away the secret sauce, which is our secret sauce is banking, right? It's financial. So those pieces of software, we will probably never open source, but all the things around it on how we operate, they're probably quite a bit more that is available than we have yet to open source. Thank you for bringing that back to cloud custodian because yes, the core technology pieces, the core platforms, we feel that they're a general enough and we feel that we face the same problems as several other enterprises that those are the ones that are most viable. And to Darian's point, you know, chances are the specific policies that the content that we use on top of these platforms is frankly not useful to the vast majority of people, but the core platforms and getting those in a place where they are more robust and ready to serve general purposes, you know, that's where it makes sense to invest most of our time. Yeah, that makes sense. I've got one more for you, John Marker, and then I think we're gonna wrap. What is the biggest challenge as Capital One sees it around enterprise developers contributing to open source communities? The biggest challenge, that question could be addressed over days, weeks, months. Sorry, go ahead. No, it's a, I mean, that's part of the, I mean, that's an evolving answer too, just because this most significant challenge is change over time. You know, initially, maybe if you scroll back a few years ago, the biggest challenge was making sure that we had, that we knew who was contributing what and that we could manage that a little better, and that was really down to, how do engineers know the best way to contribute software? At this point, I would say that the biggest challenge is how do we facilitate the relationships between our developers and the upstream communities to which they contribute so that we can pave the way for more streamlined processes? Every community has its own standard for contribution, and engineers have to spend a lot of time coming up to speed and what each of those are. And so I feel that part of our job as an open source program office is to help them, you know, learn those skills and learn how to pivot between communities as needed. That's probably the biggest challenge. It's really not technical in nature, it's really community-based. I would 100% agree with you, and I was thinking in my head, you know, when it comes down to it fundamentally, from my experience and seeing my teams, it's time, right? It's what time do they have where they can contribute and they can take the time to go through and engage with those communities, you know, do the PRs, making sure that, you know, the code we, you know, commit is, go through the appropriate process, make sure we're not, you know, exfiltrating any data and all this type of stuff. Yeah, the fact of the matter is, you don't need a majority of your engineers contributing upstream to communities all the time. To make it sustainable, you really only need some group, core group that does this on a regular basis. Frankly, and to your point, it all comes down to time and time management and making sure that people are focusing where they need to be. And that's probably the biggest challenge, just making sure that you've got a clear, you know, guideline for who's contributing and when and how. Yeah, I think that's great. All right. All right. Well, thank you so much, Darian and John-Marc. We really appreciate today's presentation and your thoroughness with the questions. I'd like to wrap us up and just thank everybody for joining us and have a wonderful rest of your day. Awesome. Thanks, everyone. It was a lot of fun. Thank you. It was fun. Bye-bye.


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So this is one that has excited me for months And if you watch me regularly, you know that but their black Friday sale is going to be 48% off the entire site, which is incredible. I will make sure that I link that down below for you guys I do have a code that will save you 10% I believe so that is an affiliated code So when you do purchase from that code, I do earn a small commission from that So don't feel obligated to do that, but you save money. I save money So thank you so much to Odin's Eye for sponsoring today's video The first look that we are gonna do is this gorgeous sky blue ice princess kind of look So let's just get into it Okay, so for this first look I wanted to go full on ice princess on you So you can really create some fun looks with this brand Make sure since we are playing with blues that you've powdered up to help the fallout I'm gonna go into the alva 2 eye shadow palette This is such an incredible palette if you are a color lover You have so many different textures and dimensions within the shadow and we are going to go with blue P-file and I'm gonna use that as my crease color and this look by the way is using really minimal amount of colors I believe I have like three different colors for different eyeshadow colors that I'm using for today's look So it's really kind of a minimal Eyeshadow look to get such a gorgeous effect. So I'm really gonna work on blending this out I don't want it to be too deep I only applied a really light layer because I want just this really light background haze of blue just like this So one of their more recent launches they came out with a few alva 2 mini oceans palettes though I love their big palettes These are really great for a curated kind of color story if you're looking for a certain look So we're gonna go with into the ocean palette and I'm gonna go in with this dark blue Now this is not a matte shade. This is actually a More satiny shimmery kind of finish. So that's why it's really important that we powder Because you will get a lot of fallout sometimes when you use a Shimmery shade as kind of this crease color and I'm just applying this to the inner and outer Corners of the eye and make sure that you leave the center of the lid Blank, otherwise, it's not gonna look like we want it to look Before we get to the center of the lid I'm going to go back into blue p-foul over here And I'm gonna run this along my entire lower lash line Get messy with it if you would like Then we're gonna go back into under the sea the darker color that we used And we're gonna apply this along the lower lash line So now we can kind of clean up that fallout that powder is gonna be the reason that You don't look sick and tired. It's gonna help keep the under eye bright despite the fallout Okay, now we're going to go back into this special palette now I don't recommend this palette for everybody, but it's gorgeous for blue looks So I'm gonna start off with this Shimmery shade and this is what's gonna give that iced princess kind of look I love love love love this formulation from Odin's Eye and this is not a formulation that you can get in their Big palettes, so that's what good is gonna make these little guys special this formula Is specific to these little palettes and then I'm gonna go into the lighter half now Which is gonna make the center of the lid even More glitzy, so do you see that really fine? shimmer really a very special gorgeous formula And then I'm gonna take whatever is left and run it all the way up to the brow bone. Oh This is so fun obviously not a look for everybody, but I Love it. So now what I'm gonna do I'm gonna do liner lashes and then bronzer and then we'll be back to play with blush highlighter and lips So Odin's eyes has I want to say six different blush colors And I just love the packaging how adorable and I think Today we have something a little bit more plummy. I think I want to go with this color So this is apricot girl This is a gorgeous gorgeous apricot shade And I really do enjoy the formula of their blushes as you can see they do have Some pigmentation to them, but they are so very easy to blend out So they will show up on an array of skin tones But they aren't going to get splotchy or be difficult to work with because you can see that blush color Just worked itself out. They really do have a nice formula and I just think they are so cute to bring around with you Look how much color that added I love it now for highlighter. I have this gorgeous highlight palette This is the alva to highlighter palette. First of all, look how cute the pans are So of course I have to go in with the icy blue since we are ice princesses today So I'm gonna start off by using the icy blue highlight in the inner corner just to really brighten up the eyes And complete the stunning look then I'm gonna Use the blue highlight kind of sparingly because I feel like sometimes Blue highlights can look a little bit crazy and frosty and kind of make me look dead So I'm really gonna work on Blending this out into the skin So their highlight palettes have a lot of different colors not ones that you would normally wear for a highlight So they are very unique in color and for lips. This is my all-time favorite Lip product from Odin's eye. This is the one lip product. I would recommend the most. This is the cream lip stain in little Jasmine like it's such a pretty Wearable lip color. It's so natural. I haven't had a lip product that smells like this. This is a very unique smell So if you're gonna get one lip product from them, I definitely recommend this one. I love the color I love the tone and it's super wearable. So here is the first look I really wanted to play with some color from this collection and get kind of a very icy look and I absolutely love it I'm of course most impressed by this glittery finish all over the lid. I think it is so stunning So love this look Okay, so for look number two we're going for like red hot lips Very simple. I kind of look so a traditional holiday look that I typically do some type of tutorial every year on So I'm going to just blend out the concealer on my eyelid I didn't mean to but I have to go back into Abla too. I wanted to use a different palette But I want to use the shade apricot because it's kind of a neutral mustard color So I feel like it's going to give off good almost golden vibes with my goal With the shadow and I'm basically like kind of putting it everywhere even on the eyelid in the crease Along lower lash line with this fat brush This is a blink brush f17 by the way in case you're curious So just a really light wash of that yellow kind of color and then the next color that I want again This is just like a two shadow look. This is the original Alva eyeshadow palette This is definitely from more of you neutral lovers and I'm going into the shade golden tulip Now this is a more lid toppery kind of shade So it just is about more so of the finish that it gives so that's why I put that Golden shade all over Because this is just going to give a really nice light Sparkle all over the lid. That's going to be really nice subtle still for the holidays But still a little bit extra glam. So that is all I'm going to do for the eyes. Actually, no No, let me not be so boring. I'm going to go into just a little bit of peony Which is a deep plum shade this again is also in the regular Alva palette and I'm just using a touch I'm just going to run it right out here. Just like that Just for a little added definition so that it's not quite so bright on the eyes But nothing too crazy and it's a little bit berry Which I think is going to play really well with kind of that holiday kind of vibe But that's it no more. That's all we're going to do.  This is probably my favorite blush I feel it's the most neutral so it goes with the most so again You do get a lot of payoff, but it blends out really really easily so use a light hand For highlight. I'm going into the Salmaine highlighter palette This is the first highlighter palette that they came out with and I'm going to go on with this shade right here This palette has a little bit more neutral tones compared to the other highlighter palette So I recommend this one more. It still has this fine blue one, but for the most part this one is more kind of natural Which it really isn't but honestly it has really really cool tones in here that I love I'm going to pop just a bit of this one on the center As well because this one is a little bit more golden Put some in the inner corner as well So for lips, I wanted to have a red lip option for the holidays So I am using the matte lip sting in red apple So these are more of a stain and these are perfect for my mask wearers Because if you put just a little bit on and use your finger to blur it out It does not transfer on your mask. So these in general are a great formula Since this is red, I do have to go a little bit more heavy with it Uh, but I really love this formula in the times of covid Do be more responsible than me though and moisturize your lips beforehand I really love this color Here is the final holiday look. I really really love this one so much I'm definitely gonna wear this one up for the rest of the day So I hope you guys enjoyed the tutorials I just wanted to kind of give you guys a preview and show you how the products worked But now I want to talk with you about my favorite products The ones that I recommend the most that you pick up during this sale Really, I don't think I've tried a bad product from Odin's Eye But they're definitely are some that I reach for the most At hands down it has to be both of the alpha palettes So we have of course the original alpha palette and this one is going to be more for you Neutral wearers. So that's the one where I'm wearing Golden tulipa this golden shade all over my eyelid So this one is really great if you're into berry tones leaning a little bit more neutral So I do like this one a lot I feel like you get a lot more dimension and texture in this particular palette Now I also really really love the albatru eyeshadow palette as you saw I dug into it for both looks because I just love it so much Now this is not going to be for everybody I think obviously if you aren't going to wear colors like this then you Don't need this palette. I've created a multitude of looks using this palette on my channel I had like a gorgeous orange look. I've done a crazy blue green look And then I pulled from this for the blue look So if you like colors and you're going to wear this one definitely recommend this one especially especially especially at 40% off You genuinely will really love it. This is a great price But definitely these two are my most used from the brand as far as blushes go the one that I reach for it The most hands down is little jasmine. It's this neutral color right here And it's really gorgeous because it looks so good with every single look because it's not really bright But it gives you color to the face if you're into a brighter blushes, though I also really enjoy ripe ppaya. I think it's a banyan color as well As far as the lips go if you are a regular mask wearer You need to need to need to try their matte lip stains I suggest just blotting a little bit out on your lips and then it's not going to stain your masks I will link a video down below where I tried on all of these colors so that you can see How they look on me, but as far as the cream lip stains The little jasmine is my absolute favorite the colors in the cream lip stains are very very bright So little jasmine is going to be the most wearable and you know, they do have a lot of other great products that I do recommend We have the so main eyeshadow palette. I love this pop of purple here There's some unique formulas in there and I like their highlighter palettes. They're a bit too out there for me I'm a very neutral highlighter girl. So I would say that's probably why it's not in my top top recommendations But they have very cute highlighter palettes and I did demo for you the mini alva palettes Honestly for 40 off. I really just recommend getting the big palettes I think those are a little bit more worthwhile But these are really great as well if you want more of a curated look All right, you guys so that is all I have for today's video and I hope that helped you Make decisions if you were planning on purchasing from this sale. I think for me for black friday I'm definitely focusing on Purchasing from the indie brands because their sales really are the best during black friday So this is another great indie brand to check out. So again Thank you so much to Odin's eye for working with me on today's video And I will see you guys in the next one if you aren't subscribed to my channel already I would love it if you would consider taking the time to do so And I will see you later


Before we address microwaves, we have to address the modern crisis of electromagnetic frequencies aka EMF radiation, certain radio frequencies being viewed as conspiracies. The average person will dismiss any radiation that is non-ionizing aka any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy to remove an electron from an atom or molecule. It is not physically heating the surface with the amount of radiation it is generating. This is like saying a cigarette won't give you lung cancer because you're not coughing when you're smoking it. The safety limit in place now was established in 1953 by Herman Schwann who later went on record to say that he had changed his mind and that this limit was inadequate due to the non-heat effects of EMFs. No tests of EMFs in the atmosphere have been done in the U.S. since 1979. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission has a limit of 10 for exposure to RF fields where as China, Russia and Switzerland are at 0.1. Russia even banned microwave ovens due to a slew of findings and this was almost 50 years ago, mostly pertaining to carcinogenic and cell damaging disorders in the human digestive system after consuming said microwaved foods. This ban was lifted after the perestroika, Russia becoming more modernized. Those are by no means the extent of Russian experimenting. From the 1950s to 1979, Russians blasted the U.S. Embassy with non-ionizing microwave radiation at 2.5 to 4.0 GHz for an estimated 40 hours per week. The U.S. Embassy personnel had statistically significant health problems. The longer they worked there, the worse these problems were likely to be. A conference in 2003 organized by the World Health Organization and over 120 scientists from 17 countries came to a conclusion that children should not use cell phones, late women should not use a cell phone and if making a call, time should be limited to 3 minutes, preferably keeping the phone on speaker away from your face. But microwaves are far more powerful than your cell phone. Unfortunately as you guys can see, my family has little concern about microwave radiation. What's even worse is my parents' bed is right behind this wall. I actually installed some aluminum mesh behind this to block the waves to some degree. Behind this keypad is a magnetron that generates high powered radio waves from electricity, sending them into the compartment to cook the food. These radio waves bounce around in the compartment, violently vibrating the molecules inside the food, therefore heating it. The more radio waves absorbed by the food, the faster the molecule vibrates and the hotter the food gets.  Even when the microwave is off, there is a detectable level of EMF. But turn that on and you won't want to be in the same room. Here is a safe and sound classic EMF meter and even when the microwave is off, you still get some interruption. And depending on where you put this on the microwave, this is blinking to moderate levels of EMF, which is what we don't want. But when I turn this on, no, it goes crazy high. So when the microwave is off, there is a fair level of EMF that you don't want to be exposed to. But if you're 5, 10 feet away from a microwave that's off, there's little concern. But as soon as you turn this thing on, extremely high, dangerous levels. The screen in this microwave isn't doing anything to contain the radiation. It doesn't matter how new the microwave is.  Like, do you want to start tanning or something? What are you doing? I guess they are trying to induce cataracts or something. A Swiss scientist named Hurtl measured the effects of consuming microwave vegetables versus conventionally prepared. And he noticed cholesterol levels increasing rapidly, hemoglobin decreasing, white blood cells decreasing, and an increased level of stress. Another research paper on microwaving human breast milk showed the loss of key antibodies and promotion of growth of dangerous bacteria. We know that heating a food in general depletes certain vitamins as well as enzymes, typically the water soluble and to a lesser extent the fat soluble vitamins. But cooking in a microwave causes more water loss, therefore you lose maybe 20% more of those water soluble B and C vitamins as opposed to cooking in the oven on a stove top over an open fire. But this is one of the least of the concerns. You shouldn't be worried about nutrients in your food when you are blasting yourself with this EMF all day, whether it's from a microwave or from your cell phone in your pocket. Physicians are increasingly confronted with health problems from unidentified causes. Studies, empirical observations, and patient reports clearly indicate interactions between EMF exposure and health problems. Individual susceptibility and environmental factors are frequently neglected. New wireless technologies and applications have been introduced without any certainty about their health effects, raising new challenges for medicine and society. Common EHS symptoms include headaches, concentration difficulties, sleep problems, depression, a lack of energy, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms. There is increasing evidence that EMF exposure has a major impact on the oxidative and nitrositive regulation capacity in affected individuals. This concept also may explain why the level of susceptibility to EMF can change and why the range of symptoms reported in the context of EMF exposures is so large. What this basically means is that people are susceptible to different frequencies.  One person might only have brain fog and memory issues from EMF, whereas another person might have insomnia. Why won't this ever be acknowledged by the mainstream? Too much liability, too much infrastructure. It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it. If you guys want to get something like this, this is a safe and sound classic EMF meter. It's around $150, maybe even cheaper used, definitely one of the more affordable ways to protect yourself. In regards to microwaves, I wouldn't touch them. In regards to your cell phone, I would keep it on airplane mode throughout the day. And I think I'll do a video in the near future explaining the various other sources of EMF in your household. I did an older video that I will link at the end here if you want to check that out, but I will give you guys an updated one hopefully sometime in the near future. So thank you guys for joining me. Hopefully this helps a lot of you guys out. Please if you can share the video, if you'd like to support me further, definitely check out Frankie's Free Range Meat, high quality, nutrient-dense animal foods at an affordable price, go to frankiesfreerangemeat.com. Speaking of Frankie's Free Range Meat, your diet can help you deal with EMF, but you still want to remove yourself from the environment. You know, regardless of the amount of diet and exercise, all that stuff can help and make you feel better, but chronic exposure to EMF cannot be solved through anything besides removing yourself from the environment. You guys can also check out Frankie's Naturals, Minimal Ingredients, Minimally Processed Hygiene and Cosmetic Products at frankiesnaturals.com. Thanks again for joining me guys. If you guys would like to reach out to me for one-on-one health consultations, you can send me an email frankatufano at gmail.com. I've had a surprising number of clients whose health issues were solved solely by addressing this. It's unfortunate, but more people need to be made aware of this and, you know, the woo woo conspiracy quack quack stuff ain't helping.


love that message for all ages and the image of what lies beyond the doors that we travel through in life. In many cases what lies beyond those doors is love. All sorts and kinds of loves sometimes expected, sometimes unexpected, at least in the form that it appears. For Lucy Pevensey it was adventure that lies on on the other side of that wardrobe door. And the adventure she gets is full of so many things, violence and fear and awe and even the chance to become a queen. But more than anything what lies beyond that door in the wardrobe is love. The love of Mr. Tumnus, the fawn, the love of the beaver couple, the fierce all-encompassing love of Aslan, the lion. She also finds renewed and deep in love for her siblings, even for the kind of hard-to-love brother Edmund. It is a magical door in every way. Well we all encounter such doorways even if they aren't quite as dramatic or magical. I can think of some doors I've ventured through which had love on the other side. I picture the door of Becky Chop's mid-century modern apartment near the University of Chicago. I was just beginning my graduate school adventure. Professor Chop was the director of the ministry program and every year at the start of the year she'd host a party for the returning and the new students. Well as I walked up to that door I had no indication, like Lucy had no indication, that my life was about to change. When I walked through that door one of the first people I met was Amy, a third-year student. She was sitting on a couch. I sat next to her. She later told me that she was there to scout out the new students to see if anyone intrigued her. We talked for at least an hour and while she intrigued me she was a sassy Christian feminist. I really don't remember anything else about the party. So Amy and I became good friends over the next six months. Then we dated. Three years later we were married. Like any marriage we've had our moments of challenge but we're going strong, maybe stronger than ever, 33 years in. So it was amazing love that lay beyond that door at Becky Chop's house. I picture the glass main door at the old Moose Lodge in Appleton. That's the building that the Fox Valley Unitarian Universalist Fellowship had when I first encountered that congregation in 1990. The ministerial search committee took me to check out their building. Constructed a hundred years earlier. It had been first a German Methodist Church, then the American Legion Hall, then the Moose Lodge, and then nine years before I first traveled in that doorway. It had been bought by this small 50-member Unitarian Universalist congregation. So I stepped out of that minivan and looked toward that building. Ugly, really ugly, and shabby. That was most glaringly evident in the fact that it had this kind of metal siding that was all the vogue in the 1890s that had like completely rusted. Oh my God, I thought, I can't be a minister in that building. So we walked through that glass door into the small entryway. The smell of the men's urinal in the basement wafting up. We walked through another set of doors into the combined fellowship hall, sanctuary space, and ugly, shabby, too. That looked like a really good place for the Moose Lodge to have poker games and fish fries, but not a good place for worship services. Honestly, I never grew to like that building. Its ugliness was only surpassed by how poorly it functioned as a church. But alas, a congregation is not a building, whether it meets an old rundown Moose Lodge or just off the top of my head a Frank Lloyd Wright landmark. And the people through that door, starting with the search committee, well those people had a lot of love in their hearts. Love was what was waiting behind that ugly door. I picture the sliding rear door of a Chrysler minivan at a retreat center in Santa Barbara, California. So the congregation I served in Appleton grew until it was a large church, and for the first time I was invited to join the annual retreat of the senior ministers of large UU churches. Well, when I was there, I seized on an invitation on the second day to join some colleagues on an outing to the Santa Barbara County wineries. So I slid open that door and climbed in that van with five other colleagues who I had never met, and they mostly didn't know each other either. We spent the next nine hours together. By the dessert course at dinner, we decided to form a peer review group, a group where together we would support and critique each other's ministries. It turned out that my best friends in the UU ministry, some of my best friends in the world, were in that van. Love was what was waiting behind that minivan door. The last door I picture is a different sort of door. This wasn't a door I ventured through, rather, love came through this door toward me. This door was my daughter's body. So the plan was that my wife would be with our daughter and our son-in-law as a secondary coach when it was time for her to have her baby. While her labor began a little before New Year's Day, and well, it happens that I was there because I was off work, and so there I was. And unbeknownst to me, my daughter had seen a video in her birth preparation class about a father who was the coach of his daughter through delivery. And at the end of that, evidently my daughter kind of teared up and looked at her husband and said, maybe I want my dad here too. So there I was in the delivery room, not prepared in the least, the third string labor coach with the sole task of getting fresh, cold wash cloths between contractions. This time, unlike a lot of doorways, I knew love was on the other side, but I had no idea what this love was going to be like or how a grandparent's love is different from other kinds of love. There was a whole lot of mystery. And then beautiful holiday emerged into the world. The first baby born in the New Year in her county, love was what was waiting behind that door. So every story of love waiting beyond a door is different. I don't share these four stories as instructive in any way other than they show the variety of the types of love that we can find. I also share these to invite you to get in touch with the stories of your own life where you found love beyond a doorway. Can you picture some of those doorways in your life? Maybe one for you as the doorway into the landmark building or the atrium new addition here at First Unitarian Society. Love comes in many, many forms. It makes me think about the old story of the there being like 50 words for snow in the Inuit language. Polysynthesis is a linguistic idea that's characteristic of the Inuit language and other Eskimo elute languages where there's a base word like snow and then it can be added on to with a variety of endings that really have different meanings. Well, when you think about it here in Wisconsin, we have a lot of different expressions for snow. Now they may not have like a root word, but it's a similar idea. So picture in your mind for a minute, flurries, blizzard, a fine snow that you can barely see, slush, frost, fresh snow, wet snow, yellow snow, sorry about that last one. These are very different pictures, right? They give you a different feeling. Well, it's the same with love. So the ancient Greeks were wise enough to have this wide assortment of words for love. Here's some of them. There's eros, romantic, passionate and bodied love. There's Philea, which is affectionate love, the love of deep friends. There's Storge, which like Philea is like Philea, but within the context of family connections. Agape, selfless, universal, godly love. Ludus, playful love. Pragma, the enduring, mature love that's built on commitment and work. Philotia, which is self love and comes in a couple different forms. One is compassion for one's self words and all. The other is narcissism, not so good. And then there's mania also, not so good. That's obsessive love. Well, when I opened that door to Professor Chopp's house and met Amy, I encountered Philea with a strong presence of eros in the air. There was also a dose of Ludus. Over time, it grew into Pragma with Philea, eros, Storge and Ludus mixed in. Love that lasts a while, cycles through different forms and seasons. The door into Appleton's old Moose Lodge turned UU congregation was a doorway to Agape at its best. That congregation I served was a vessel for Agape. Philea lay beyond that minivan door in Southern California. And Storge lay beyond the door of my daughter's body in the form of our granddaughter. So it's challenging in English that we use love for such a wide variety, different kinds of love. And all too often, we've sort of settled into what I think of as sort of a lowest common denominator. Hallmark one size fits all understanding of love that's sentimental, schlocky, shallow, and unembodied. And when we do think about love in its more complicated variants, we often put Agape at the top. There's a hierarchy. And the ancient Greeks knew better than this. All forms of love, except narcissism and mania, are important and valuable in their own way. White northern hemisphere culture has too often neglected and even assaulted eros. This is translated into a devaluing of the human body and anything that we somehow associate particularly with the body like the earth.  Yes, we need to have more true Agape in our world, but we also need to have wider and deeper affilia and more life giving eros. What would it be like if we had an embodied, passionate, even romantic relationship with the earth? What would it be like if we fiercely loved and valued female, black, brown, and indigenous bodies? What if we valued them so much that there was no more violence against these bodies? I have to say that I hesitated to do a sermon on love today on Valentine's Day. Our culture simultaneous devaluing and fetishizing of romantic sexual love has really commandeered this holiday and love is a lot more than that narrow understanding. So let's instead make this day truly about the wide varieties of love. Let's make this a day in which we celebrate all the times we've traveled through doorways and found love, whatever its form is. Let's celebrate that love in one form or another may be beyond the very next door we walk through. And so in this spirit, I wish you a very happy Valentine's Day.


The unsuker zone of the academic staff union of University of Zassel, Raphael Amakoha, has appealed to President Bolaat in about to take a cursory look at the plight of Nigerian public universities and their workers with a view to finding lasting solutions to it. Comrade Amakoha, who made the appeal in Makodi etched the federal government to pay its eight-month salary arrears its earned academic allowance and reviewed a 2009 draft agreement. A call in on the federal government for the disengagement of universities from IEPs, Amakoha said adequate funding of public universities is more expedient and not the proliferation of more private ones. Each university law stipulates that the council of the employer pays for the government and the proprietor, the budget money, the councils through the busway will pay, and that's the reason I was actively at the breach of the university law of the tournament. So you cannot have it in the last ten years for over 50 universities. Each university has the law of its own, the budget money is for universities, and let them pay. Apart from salaries, whatever needs to be done has to be done through IEPs. The union, which declared confidence in the national leadership of Vasu, described as unacceptable with a situation where universities have been turned into business centers. It is the senate of universities that reveals, approves, we reveal, and not the NGC. HACP provides the budget, and then we ask for that. But right now, we are going to have a broad system, which they are forcing down the truth of universities, and that's what we are saying, we will not accept that. And, thankfully, the university, I think about 300 universities have rejected this, and I was asking all universities to reject the CCMAS.


All right, this is HTTP 2.0.3, whichever episode it is. And this is the writing good alt text episode. Are you ready for the clap server? Because you're going to get it. That's three, two, one. So, working in DevRel, you write articles, don't do it. Just don't work. Yeah, don't do it, man. No, I love this job. But every now and then, I have to make a plain old website. Imagine that. For me, it was the Chrome Dev Summit website for last year, and I was faced with this age-old problem. What alt text should I use for images like this one? Well, something that describes the image. End of episode. See you next time. Perfect. It's as simple as that. So in this case, these are speaker images, right? Because it was a Chrome Dev Summit website. And it's not easy, is it? Like, what about this? It's a picture of me. I am Jake Archibald. There you go. I'm behind a fern-like plant. I'm wearing glasses. I'm pulling a sort of half-smile. What would you call that, Serma? It's like a grimace. I've borrowed a line of insanity. Yeah, probably on the other side of the border. I'm quite pale. Don't know if you've noticed that before. I also have the dull gray eyes of someone who's dead inside. This is all information that is unavailable to users who can't consume the pixels of this image. What's the saying? A picture is 1,000 words, worth 1,000 words, whatever. But describing this picture in total detail is overkill for an alt attribute. So it's really a question of where is the line? I think the answer is it depends, because that is always the answer in tech. Yes, absolutely. And one big part of that depends is that context matters. You can't create the alt text without knowing how the image will be used. And I've actually seen large companies make this mistake. They have a library of images. And in the library, the alt text is in the library. And it's, no, that's bad, because take this. Fairly simple image. But there's still lots going on. Is the bike important? Is the woman important? The railings? What is it? Is this picture used to showcase the architecture used in the Alps? It really depends. Absolutely. So here's some context. So if the article is about the businesses, then the alt text could be the two hotel fronts. We wouldn't need to name the hotels, because the headline does that for us. There's context there already. If the legal dispute here was to do with the appearance of those buildings, then maybe you would include that. Like, you know, if there was something wrong with the color they painted it or the style of windows, then yes, that would go as part of the alt text. But otherwise, the two hotel fronts, that's good enough. But if the article is about bikes, now the businesses don't matter. They're just a background. So the alt could be like a city bike customer cycling along a city road. Job done. But now our image has a caption equivalent to the alt. So now it's best to make the alt an empty string to avoid a repetition. There's no point, like, for a screen reader user them hearing the same thing twice. That's what I usually do. If I have a full picture with thick caption and everything, I remove my alt attributes. Well, you shouldn't remove the alt attribute. You should leave it empty, because that's a signal that you thought about it. Okay. And there's no additional information. Without an alt attribute, it's kind of ambiguous that from the dark days of the web when people just didn't write this up, I say the dark days of the web, there's still a lot of people don't write alt attributes. But that happens today, yeah. But that's a signal that there's no alt attribute. It means you haven't thought about it. And that's why it crops up in validators and audits and that kind of thing. All right. So we have some context. It's a list of speakers at a conference. And for a long time, I would use an empty alt in this case, because my name's already there. So I wouldn't want to repeat it. And the fact that I'm wearing glasses like doesn't matter in this context. But what about hiding behind the plant? And this is when I was starting to get unsure, like I'm doing something deliberately in that image. Like, does that have meaning that isn't in the text? I put this question out on Twitter because I was, it's something I've always gone back and forth on. I can never decide.  It's someone who was like a big fan of in the early days of my career. I still am as well. I would say, are you not anymore? Has she done something wrong? No, it's odd. Like, well, I've since met Leonie and she is dangerous to go drinking with. So it like, I've had a hangover caused by Leonie. So like, is it right to still count as someone as a, you know, a hero? I think it probably is. Yeah. Anyway. Yeah, absolutely. Here's what she said, emotion matters. And this framing really helped me out. It was part of an article she wrote. So I'll link to the full article, but here's the gist of it. The fact that I'm wearing glasses doesn't really carry an emotion in this context. But like hiding behind a plant sort of does. Like, how does this make you feel so? What's, what's the emotion?  Yes. Yeah. Like, I would say charming. No, no, you're right. It's silly. Like, I'm, it's like, hey, look at me. It's fun guy, Jake peering out behind a plant, not in a creepy way. It's in a fun way. Definitely. Like, there's something going on there. So Jake Hart's wall cheekily hiding behind a plant would be an alt text, which actually carries that emotion. It gives a screen reader user like that part of the image. And that kind of opened up like a whole new world for me with like, it simplified a lot of decisions I was making with, with alts. I went through all of the speaker images on the Chrome Dev Summit website and applied this logic. And boy, it felt judgy. It felt really judgy because I was looking at people's avatars and going, you do not deserve an alt because it's just you. Like, you're not doing a thing. It's just a headshot or whatever. But yeah, it came down to whether they were doing something that carried an emotion. Like, were they wearing cool sunglasses, drinking a cocktail? Were they pulling a particular face?  So those are the kind of things that I included in the alt attributes. Otherwise, you know, they got nothing. And I'm not saying this makes it easy. And also context. No, but it does help me frame things and make some, make, definitely make a decision more guided. It doesn't make it as very trivial, but it definitely scopes much more what you think about when looking at an image, whether it deserves an alt and what the alt should be. So I really like that. Okay. And I'm going to say it's still not easy and context still matters a ton. And I'm going to put you on the spot in a very, very dangerous way. Oh boy. Are you ready? Do it. Does the skin color of the speaker matter? I know that's horrible, isn't it? I can't believe I did that to you. I'm really sorry. Same. It is a very interesting question because on the one hand, a screen reader user that cares for diversity cannot necessarily deduce from the name if the lineup is diverse. That's actually a really good point. That's a really good point. I would say as well, again, context matters. And so if the talk was about race or the speaker's personal experience of race, then the racial appearance of the speaker starts to matter more and it's something you would consider. But yeah, absolute minefield. In that case, you would consult the speaker, right? You would say, here's what I'm thinking. Does this matter? Should this matter to a screen reader user? Because yeah, it's pretty sensitive, but as you say, we know if there's a talk about diversity and the pictures of a white speaker, you definitely feel different about it, don't you? So it's context that matters. It's super interesting because we have seen a bit of a change in our industry where we have normalized putting your pronouns into your speaker description or your Twitter profile and your biography, whatever. Yes, and so if like how someone visually presents is especially if in context of the talk it matters, then yeah, it's definitely a candidate for going in the alt attribute. But yes, you would definitely consult the speaker themselves just depending on how to frame it for one, but also whether it should be framed. But yeah, that's all I've got. Context matters. That was the bit I always knew about alt text. But that next step, that emotion matters. That has really improved how I write alt text. Yeah, and if you don't write alt texts, it's about time you start. Absolutely. What's the alt text? Like is the bike important? Oh, one, Jake. In this case, you use an altie. An altie string. And we're done.


I'm with Scott Brochia.  Just take me back to 1998. Help me relive it a little bit. What was it all like? Yeah, first of all, it was a long time ago. It's crazy to think about that it's been 25 years already. And so just wrapped my head around that. But it's funny how some things, although it's a long time ago, there's certain things that you just remember like it was yesterday. The emotions are still there, you know. And so, you know, I think about two things with the season. I think about, of course, the end of the season, the last out, and just the celebration, you know, being my first world series and, you know, coming from a last place team the year before, it was literally living the dream, you know. But I think about the beginning of the season two spring training and, you know, being in the clubhouse, meeting the guys for the first time and just really kind of everybody's just focused, really a singular focus on winning. And it really showed kind of throughout the year. That's what that team had. I mean, you fit in in a big way, but was there any concern coming in during spring training, not knowing what to expect and what it would be? Yeah, I think whenever you're the new guy on campus, you know, you're not sure what the role is going to be, what, you know, what all that's going to look like. But I mean, really from the top down from Mr. Steinbrenner, the first time that I met him to Joe, you know, and then the guys in the clubhouse.  And then, of course, when the team's playing well, it becomes really fun. You mentioned earlier, you remember some of those emotions. Can you kind of describe the emotions when you're hitting home runs in the World Series? Yeah, I mean, it's funny because you think different things. And, you know, the first one in 98, I guess, was, you know, in game three, the first one in game three. And you kind of, we still don't have a lead, but you're kind of running around the base going, that's kind of cool. I, you know, hit a home run in the World Series, but we're, you know, still behind in the game. The second one was very different, you know, then it was just like I said, I always wondered, you know, when I'd watch guys prior to being there, like, would I be the guy that kind of like can keep it cool? Or am I the guy that's going to show a lot of emotion? I think I kind of learned, obviously, that I'm more of the show the emotion. It was just exciting. And there was, for me, there was no way to really kind of hold it in. One thing that a lot of guys mentioned about that team is the unselfishness, too. How do you think that Joe Tory got the buy-in from everybody to be unselfish? Yeah, I don't know. You know, for me, Joe, he had the ability, you know, managing is more than just the X's and the O's and making decisions. It's players and knowing how to get the best out of guys. And that's what he was great at. He had the ability to say the right things at the right times, the guys, and to draw the best out of them.  And so he was just, he was very easy to play for. He was a great buffer between some of the things that New York can be kind of a distraction. He just allowed it to kind of some of that stuff to go away and just told you to go out and have fun and play the game. What does that World Series ring mean to you? It makes it, it makes it seem real still. Like, like I said, 25 years, it's crazy. And there's times, especially living in Oregon, where I kind of feel like it was almost a lifetime ago. Like, did that really happen? But then you kind of take, you know, you think about that and you get the reminder, you look at the actual ring itself and like, yeah, it was a part of something really special. He is your 1998 World Series MVP, Scott Brochus. Scott, thanks for the time. Absolutely, thank you.


I'm 62, how much do you weigh?  Call me a whore, there's blokes over there, you know, they come from where I live and they reckon I owe them money and blah blah blah I remember this thing too, blah blah blah I'll tell you what, Harry, if you don't want to pay it back, I'll go and sort them blokes out for you, we'll fix this problem up for you yeah I remember this so I got a word with these blokes, I told them, my favourite trick was, I told them I'd say is that bloke over there?


The Apocryphal Book, The Prayer of Manasseh, King James Version This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information and to find out how you can volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Sam Stinson. The Prayer of Manasseh O Lord, Almighty God of our fathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, And of their righteous seed, Who hast made heaven and earth with all the ornament thereof, Who hast bound the sea by the word of thy commandment, Who hast shut up the deep and sealed it by thy terrible and glorious name, Whom all men fear and tremble before thy power, For the majesty of thy glory cannot be borne, And thine angry threatening toward sinners is importable, But thy merciful promise is unmeasurable and unsearchable, For thou art the most high Lord Of great compassion, longsuffering, very merciful, And repentist of the evils of men. Thou, O Lord, according to thy great goodness, Hast promised repentance and forgiveness To them that have sinned against thee, And of thine infinite mercies hast appointed repentance unto sinners, That they may be saved. Thou, therefore, O Lord, that art the God of the just, Hast not appointed repentance to the just, As to Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, Which have not sinned against thee, But thou hast appointed repentance unto me, That am a sinner, for I have sinned Above the number of the sands of the sea.  I am bowed down with many iron bands, That I cannot lift up mine head, Neither have any release, For I have provoked thy wrath, And done evil before thee. I did not thy will, Neither kept I thy commandments. I have set up abominations, And have multiplied offenses. Now therefore I bow the knee of mine heart, Beseeching thee of grace. I have sinned, O Lord, I have sinned, And I acknowledge mine iniquities, Wherefore I humbly beseech thee, Forgive me, O Lord, forgive me, And destroy me not with mine iniquities. Be not angry with me forever, By reserving evil for me, Neither condemn me to the lower parts of the earth, For thou art the God, Even the God of them that repent, And in me thou wilt show all thy goodness, For thou wilt save me, That am unworthy according to thy great mercy. Therefore I will praise thee forever all the days of my life, For all the powers of the heavens do praise thee, And thine is the glory for ever and ever. Amen.


Hi, I'm Don Sweeting, President of Colorado Christian University, and I am excited to announce the formation of the Lee Strobel Center for Evangelism and Applied Apologetics here at CCU. It's my privilege to welcome Lee Strobel and Mark Middleberg into the CCU family. We are so thrilled about what we believe God is going to do to use this center to spread His message of hope and grace and love and redemption and eternal life all over our country and beyond. You know, there's one thing that we can do here that we will not ever get to do in heaven, and that's take risks and stretch and prepare and then reach out and reach people who are far from Christ who are dying to know the good news of the gospel. We're not talking about creating ivory tower scholars. We're talking about creating people who are winsome in sharing their faith but who are equipped to be able to defend it in an increasingly skeptical world. We want to work with and through local churches and really bring local churches alive in evangelism in a new way. That's what this center is about. We really believe God is going to use it to make a huge difference. And who knows, maybe this might be the epicenter of revival in America. That's our prayer and that's our hope.


Sorry, Empire Strikes Back, but you're no longer the best Star Wars movie. I'm Khaleesi Grimes, 82, and I'm reviewing Star Wars The Last Jedi. If you haven't seen the film, where have you been?  In either case, get away from this video unless you want to hear a bunch of spoilers! So let's begin! First things first, I'm a realist. Apparently I'm Iggy Azalea too. First things first, I'm a realist.  I love The Last Jedi, and I think the reviews on Rod's Tomatoes are a little bit unfair. They have it all the way up at 96%, which is just ridiculous. This movie should be at 100%. It does nothing wrong. Everything makes perfect sense. It tips the hat to the old films, but it's new. It's so new, and it takes chances. It takes all the chances. Listen, I love The Force Awakens. J.J. Abrams did a great job reintroducing the franchise. He brought me my Rey and my Finn and my Poe, and he brought back the classic characters we loved. And he brought with him a lot of mystique and a lot of new ideas and questions that we were hoping to be answered in The Last Jedi. Such as, who is Snow? Who is Mary Sue? I mean, Rey, who are the Knights of Wren? And I am pleased as punch at the direction they went with it. They saw J.J. Abrams build up and where he was going, and they threw that script out the window, and they started from scratch. And then to wait two years to have his reaction, which is, eh, it was brilliant.   It reminds me of that because when people liked that, what we like I did, we didn't shut up about it. We tweeted about it every single day for a year, how much we liked it and how much people are wrong about it. And we let the world know that. We're like, hey, I love Batman vs Superman, fight me about it.  That's like The Last Jedi. Super deep. So much depth. Luke Skywalker titsucking from an alien cow. Porgs. Evil Darth Vader BB-8. Porgs. Captain Phasma. Porgs. Porgs. Leia having a pivotal role where she sits around doing nothing for the majority of the film until she gets blasted out the side of a ship only to come back resurrection force style and Superman into the ship again. It's genius. She didn't know she had this power. It was locked away until she unlocked it at death and she'll probably never use it again. But it was so cool seeing her do this stuff, much like Rey, the abilities within and they don't have to train to use it. It's just there. It's like a midichlorian count. They're so powerful. And I love that Rey can just move rocks without having any training. And I really love that I defended her for two years when people called her a Mary Sue because she was better than the guys. Who cares? She has special blood or she has a connection to the force because her father was Luke or something of that nature. It's going to be explained why she can fly the Millennium Falcon and she even says like, I don't know what I'm doing. This doesn't make sense. It's going to get explained why she can use Jedi mind tricks all of a sudden. It's going to be explained why she can fight and win against Kylo Ren multiple times now. It will all be laid out in the last Jedi. You have to let them tell their story and they did. Her parents are no one.  I think it is brilliant that they cock teased us for a movie and a half about where she came from only to say it doesn't matter. If they had said that from the beginning, no one would have cared. But because they built it up for depressing disappointment, it hits that much harder and I love them for it. So ballsy. So brave. Here I was overthinking it like, oh my God, it would be so cool if this movie started up with her eyes opening and it pans out and she's four years old and she's meditating with her mother and the camera leaves this building and we see her father Luke Skywalker training the Knights of Ren and Kylo. This is like 20 minutes of the movie opening up. We get to see him happy for once in his life with his daughter with his wife who he loves more than anything else. We see him training Kylo, but we also see it deteriorate. We see them starting to break the chain. Kylo secretly meets with these other guys and they betray Luke. This is out of nowhere. Luke isn't expecting it. He sends his wife and child away on a ship. He tries to persuade Kylo to come back to the light side and not be corrupted. He is the son after all of Han and Leia. He would never attempt to kill him. He loves him. Luke isn't like that at all.  He convinced his dad to be good after all and that guy was awful. Luke gets in an epic battle with Kylo and his forces while his wife and daughter leave with some friends. That's why the girl is left on the planet and she sees the mom and the presumable dad who's just another guy. They leave.  They drop the daughter off there because it's the only chance she has. They're being chased. They're being hunted by the first order. They're gone.  It's so dramatic. But Luke wants to see them again. He doesn't know their whereabouts but he leaves a map and he's been searching for them. He hasn't just been sitting around moping and crying on an island by himself for 15 years. No, no, no, no, that would be cowardly. That would be pathetic and not in line with Luke at all. That would be a disgrace to his character to have him go out like that, a person we grew up with. He was like a Superman to us. They would never treat him with such disrespect until they did in this film. And I applaud him for that. So brave. It took chances. It's not Empire Strikes Back. It's not Empire. It's so much better. The reason why some Star Wars fans out there are getting all butthurt about this film is because they had these preconceived notions of how they wanted it to play out. Oh, Ray's clearly the daughter of Luke or the daughter of Ben Kenobi or something. Like, it wouldn't make sense if she was just a nobody. That would be lame. She has to be something. Why would they tease us with this information for no reason? You know, like, it's just lame. But that's the brilliance of it. They trolled the fans, these people that love Star Wars. They don't love Star Wars. They love their idea of Star Wars. Get out with your old, cromudity ideas. This isn't about you. This is about Disney. This is about the future of this franchise and the most money they can make from it. It is such a deep movie. It is so deep. Deeper than the island's asshole that Ray jumps down into for no reason at all where she has that jam session with herself like she's trying out for Pitch Perfect 3. Oh, I'm coming up so you better get this party started. I'm coming up. I'm coming. Somebody once told me the world was a- Yet span one week since you looked at me. I saw the force. It opened up my eyes. I saw the force. This movie is so divisive. It is the most divisive movie there has ever been. Did you know that people didn't like Star Wars? The Empire Strikes Back when it came out either because of its controversial ending that ended on a downer. It's the same reason they hate this movie not because of the countless plot holes the lame side story with Finn and Rose which isn't lame. It's awesome. It's not lame. And if you criticize it, you don't like the movie because it takes up 45 minutes of it at least and has absolutely no reason to exist. But this is basically Empire in terms of the audience reaction. People are so upset about everything these days. How about just like a movie that clearly a lot of time and energy and heart went into. Just like a movie. Try it sometime. Just like a f***ing movie sometime.    Person I don't know who has an opinion. F*** you. In order to really understand if you like a movie you need to see it multiple times. That's a fact. I touched briefly on the amount of layer to this film but I can't even begin to comprehend all of it. It's deeper than BBS which is insane to think. When they go to Sonic's Casino World and they show the poor kids that they don't save and the animal cruelty going on there. They have slave kids and animals. It's kind of like pod racing which reminds me of the prequels which I also love which are also great. There's a vision there. I love it. And I like that they went that way but didn't really address anything further. They're just like look this is terrible. Okay, see you later. That's great to me. I love that they didn't rescue the kids. And I love that Luke at one point jokes to Ray that he's like I'm just Luke Skywalker. One of the most powerful Jedi's in existence. Maybe the most powerful. I don't know. I don't really get to prove myself in this film but it's great that he says at one point what am I supposed to do? Take on the whole fleet by myself. Like it's a little teaser and then he goes out there and does it but doesn't because he's just a force ghost and he doesn't actually fight anyone. He just dodges twice and then dies because he astral projected all the way billions of light years away from a different planet. He died.  That's how I and everything over and leaving his friends high and dry. That's how I wanted it to go.  Oh Ray you need help training you need help training finding your way like I did when I was younger. Nope.  It's brilliant writing. It's different. It's ballsy. What was there to like some really pretty effects and music? I guess. It looked really nice and it sounded nice is entertaining is funny. But man the story is just garbage. Nothing makes sense. You're not still filming. Oh, we need to wrap up still. Okay. I love this movie. I love everything about it. Hater's gonna hate. Just ignore them. They're just toxic to the Star Wars world. I can't wait for solo now. I'm super pumped for solo. I can't wait to see CGI Leia in the next film. I think it's going to be great that they continue that story. I love her. I love everything she does. CGI Leia is going to be great. Maybe they'll kill her in the title crawl. Star Wars comes up. Leia is dead. I love this movie. I'm such a nerd. My biggest fear is that JJ Abrams is going to come back and give the fans what they want.