Hello, my name is Jamie Lemke, I'm a Senior Research Fellow and Associate Director of Academic and Student Programs at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, and I'm here with Pete Bettke, Professor of Economics and a Professor of Philosophy at George Mason University. He's also the Director of the FA Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, and the Vice President of Research at the Mercatus Center at GMU. His most recent book is Living Economics Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Thank you so much for taking the time to talk to me today, Pete. It's wonderful to be here with you, Jamie. So what does self-governance have to do with water rights? So two things about that. They wanted to pick a problem that seemed to not be easily solved by market mechanisms alone. So standard economic theory had pointed out that these things are what might call public goods, and they had certain serious problems associated with market-driven solutions for that alone. And yet, like a lot of history had happened where people had managed their water rights and they had done things without necessarily central control by government. And so how is it that communities have, in fact, solved their collective action problems in the past, and that became a big, big theme. So they started by picking examples of where it appeared that economic theory strictly understood would have to remain silent about how maybe a market mechanism or how voluntary mechanisms could solve the collective action problem. And then they demonstrated how communities, in fact, find rules so they can live better together while solving these collective action problems. And water rights is a very stark one. But to a lot of people on the outside, they think of Lynn and they think of collective action problems, commons problems, common pool resource problems. And then they see Vincent doing federalism and constitutions, and they think of him as separate projects. But really they're not. They're one and the same. So part of the reason why Vincent believed in the nature of the compound republic and what the political theory of that was is this sort of Tocquevillian idea of a self-governing society, decentralized society, a society of free and responsible individuals, and understanding that the strict dichotomizations that exist in the social sciences don't aid us in thinking through those issues. So it's a fascinating kind of research program historically and contemporaneously or whatever. And that's one of the things that's striking about both Vincent and Lynn is that their work while governed by a very theory was always grounded with their feet on the ground with real world problems. So they took as their, so they, you know, again, think about that political workshop in political theory and policy analysis. So they were always stuck to the ground to do theorizing rather than having their theorizing be free floating and sort of abstract. So they're in a lot of ways different than John Rawls, for example, when they go to sort of find how are the rules evolved that we can live better together and realize the gains from social cooperation or another way to put that is how to realize the gains from productive specialization and peaceful social cooperation. They were trying to figure out the framework within which that takes place. One of the workshops early projects involved Eleanor and a lot of the people that she worked with actually riding around in police cars to understand better what was happening with the provision of police services in the local community. And you brought up this issue of them wanting to have their feet on the ground. So you see that manifesting right away in the research. And I know that's something that you've picked up on as well. So you've incorporated field work into what you do in a variety of ways and you've emphasized its importance as a method in the social sciences. Can you talk a little bit about how you've used that in your work, why you think it's important? Yeah, well, there's a great paper by these people Lemke and Pallagosvili and Becky on Lynn and her work on that. So, yeah, so everyone should read it. No, so my involvement with field work and also with the Ostroms, because they're actually contemporaneously, they happened at the same time, has to do with my study of the Soviet system. So when I started studying the Soviet economy in the mid-80s, it was fracturing but it still existed. So when I started graduate school Gorbachev wasn't yet in power. But when I finished graduate school Gorbachev was in power and he was in the midst of doing what became known as his Glasnost, which meant public frankness or public truthness. And then Perestroika, which is restructuring of the economic system. And so that happened at the end. But when I started studying the Soviet Union, I started studying its history and its practice and the real question there was there was this big disjoint between the way the system was supposed to work in theory and the way that operated in practice. And this was one of the real great strengths of what Lynn was doing with her work on Common Pool Resources is studying the disjoint between the rules in form and the rules in use. So the rules in form might not look like they can solve like the collective action problem. But the rules in use actually find ways to work around the difficulties and come to a solution. Now, I should point out that in Lynn's work, what she believed that you should do is what's called multiple methods methodology. And so one of her really strong essays in this is an essay in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which is her studying forestry patterns. And so she, I'm not gonna remember the exact title, but basically the approach was she relied on satellite imagery. She relied on field work. And then she also did computer simulations, and so it was like this in the lab, in the field from the sky kind of idea. And her idea was that each of us as social scientists must become a specialist in one of these kind of methodologies. And then what we should do is realize gains from trade with other social sciences. So she was a collaborative researcher. So if you look at her research, she has lots of co-authorships and lots of projects that she led with different people. And she was always doing that kind of work. And that's because she was always looking for these gains from trade. They did that a lot with the workshop in Indiana where they constantly had visitors over and in new blood constantly. One of the really great things about the workshop is that the university buildings, they actually have like a house for the people that come and visit and they're right there. And so it's a really, she built that community up, her and Vincent, and it's just an amazing shop. And so I think this multiple methods methodology thing is really strong. And the problem is that the least respected of those is field work. And that's what needs to be always the grounding. Because if you want to understand this issue of the de facto rules or the rules in use, you only have access to that if you go into the field and you ask people how they are solving their problems and you pay respect. So one way to think about Eleanor's work as well is that she had tremendous faith in the power of the local people to solve problems themselves, rather than have a one size fits all problem from a bureaucracy coming down, whether or not it's in a municipality or whether or not it's in a federal government or whether or not it's in an international agency. It's in the power of the people to solve their problems themselves, that we see the emergence of self governing societies, which is what she was trying to understand and to appreciate as the nature of sort of what a true democratic system is.


If you're listening to this on YouTube, this episode is one week delayed. Up to date, tech show but friendly episodes are on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or Google Podcasts. Thank you for joining us for another tech show but friendly episode. Our podcast here at Hardware Sugar and I'm your host Anton. For today, we'll be focusing on the basics of the computer, mainly CPU and GPU news. And starting us off with CPU news. We've talked before about how to interpret the googly-goog of numbers and letters which designate CPUs that might be getting a little bit easier with Intel's rebranding move. Although it might just confuse more people. Jury still out. So the rebrand will affect their upcoming CPUs, the 14th gen and onwards. And let's start with the moniker 14th gen. Intel won't tell you anymore. 12th generation, 13th generation, 14th generation. However, the number of the generation will still be found at the top or at the beginning of the processor. So 14500, 14600. Just like it is now with the 1312 and basically all of the previous generations that a lot of people have grown up with. Incidentally, I think the Pentium and Celeron names were also retired. So RIP guys, especially the Pentium series. Long running, long standing, good memories. So we won't have the unwieldy X number gen anymore, but the number will still remain integrated in the CPU designation. Also gone are the I's. So no more I3, I5, I7. Instead it will be Core and Core Ultra. So think Core 1400 or Core Ultra 1400K. Now from the name alone, you can imagine that Core Ultra will be reserved for the higher end CPUs. But Intel has not made clear what will differentiate the Core and the Core Ultra. Like you'd think that the overclockable CPUs, the ones with the K at the end would be Core Ultra. But Intel has said that's not what's going to define or what will determine what is Core and what is Core Ultra. Well only the top high end CPUs, I say for example the 900, 4900B Core Ultra, we have no idea. Madiang up the waters even more is that the upcoming generation will be basically, while marketed as one generation 14th gen, will be based on two different architectures. One, a revamped Raptor Lake. So Raptor Lake is the current generation. They tweaked it a little bit and will be coming out with the tweaked versions as 14th gen. But there will also be a Meteor Lake 14th gen. And Meteor Lake is the brand new CPU architecture of Intel. Will Raptor Lake tweaked CPUs be consigned to the Core name and Meteor Lake will be Core Ultra? We have no idea at this point. Although I really do get annoyed when brands do this that an AMD has done something similar in the past where there are two different architectures. So you can expect wildly different performance and yet they're marketed under the same brand or the same designation. Oh, Intel 14th gen. And if you're an average consumer, you just think 14th gen is based on the same technology all throughout the line. You don't want to have to think because why would they name it 14th gen if the models under that line are wildly different? And again, for the average consumer, usually what happens is that the lower end models are vastly cheaper. So you can expect the tweaked Raptor Lake to be a lot cheaper than the new Meteor Lake based chips. But consumers will take a look and they're like, oh, this 14th gen is a lot cheaper, meaning the ones based on Raptor Lake. I might as well go with that. Mas mura siya. Yes, mas wababa. Pero 14th gen rin naman. How bad can it be compared to the more high end versions of 14th gen? But the more high end versions of 14th gen will probably be based on Meteor Lake. And yes, there will be significant differences between the two even though they're marketed under the same line. So outside of the core core ultra, dropping the i, dropping the X gen designation, outside of all of that, I wish Intel had come up with a better naming scheme for the upcoming Raptor Lake based and Meteor Lake based CPUs. Obviously for marketing, they want to call the tweaked Raptor Lake 14th gen. They just don't want to say, well, this is a baked over version of the 12th and 13th gen, which have done quite good, but maybe might be getting a bit long in the tooth for some consumers. But moving forward, what remains to be seen is if Intel can properly distinguish between the core and the core ultra, that might be useful, especially to the more average consumers that don't follow avidly computer news. Although I wouldn't hold my breath because Intel and AMD really have very confusing designations. You have the F, you have the K, you have the H, you have the U. I mean, this whole kind of alphabet soup that they attach to the processors and then just expect everybody to, yeah, you can kind of figure it out, you can research, but it's really difficult for the average consumer. And then you factor in other considerations like, oh, if I get an overclockable CPU, do I need a motherboard that supports that? Do I even need overclocking?  So the streamlined name is a very small step to addressing a situation which I think can be vastly improved for both sides of the aisle, both for AMD and both for Intel. Moving on to GPU news. Some benchmarks have leaked, so these are very unofficial, very take with a grain with salt, but benchmarks have leaked for the 4060 which puts it at roughly 20% faster than a 3060. Assuming a good price, that's great news. A 20% bump above the previous gen is quite good, especially with the disappointment of the 4060 Ti 8GB card which came out a few weeks ago. Now the X60 series has always been the sweet spot of Nvidia for midrange to a little high-end gaming. The popularity of the 3060 speaks to that. So it would be good if a follow-up to that card would deliver substantial performance boost at a relatively good price. And I know what you're thinking, Nvidia never provides a relatively good price since they've conditioned us to expect more and more expensive GPUs. I mean, yes, it's expensive. Hopefully it will be better price relative to some of their other offerings. But a 20% bump? Not bad. And in Nvidia's defense, they were the first ones to push RTX, so this way of calculating how light falls in a setting to make it much more realistic. They've also pushed upscaling, so that's their DLSS technology. But based on a report by WCCF Tech, the site noted that Nvidia hasn't made it hard for developers to include AMD's and Intel's version of upscaling. So if you have a game that supports Nvidia's DLSS, odds are very, very good that it'll also support AMD's FSR and Intel's XESS, those company's versions of upscaling technology. So Nvidia is like, yes, implement the tech, implement our version, but we also make it easier to implement the version of other companies. However, the same can't be true for AMD. WCCF Tech's article noted that when it comes to AMD exclusive games, and we're talking about games like Halo Infinite, Star Wars Jedi Survivor, Far Cry 6, so all of these AAA games have AMD's FSR technology, but they don't include or they don't support Nvidia's DLSS. So kung baga sa panig na Nvidia, okay lang, implement nyo lahat ng mga posibling variations itong upscale technology. Yung sa AMD, may trend na pag AMD exclusive title, yung AMD tech lang yung A implement. And while there is unofficial DLSS support for some of these games, of course unofficial version is always better, the drivers always cleaner, more optimal, more efficient, more stable. Nvidia gets a lot of flak from a lot of consumers out there, but props to them that they haven't pushed for exclusivity of DLSS. They have a more inclusive approach to upscaling technology. Whereas AMD, there's a trend where okay, we paid for this game to be AMD exclusive, we only want you to implement our version of upscaling technology, which while beneficial to AMD GPU owners, some AMD GPU owners, it leaves out in the cold consumers of Nvidia and Intel cards. And ending with more downer news from AMD, we talked about how the 4060 possibly has a 20% uplift from the 3060, so there's our Nvidia cards. However, the same can't be true for the upcoming RX 7800 XT from AMD. Igor's Lab, another well-known tech source, tried to simulate the performance of a 7800 XT because it's not out yet with a Radeon Pro W7800. So these are different graphics cards, but the 7800 XT is roughly based on the Pro W7800. They roughly share the same tech and specifications. So basically what Igor did was he dumbed down the Pro W7800 to roughly mimic the performance, the possible performance of a 7800 XT and the results were not good. They were just slightly better than the 6800 XT. So the performance roughly falls between the 6800 XT and the 6900 XT. But there wasn't a lot of performance gain. Of course these results are theoretical. They're based on cutting down the performance of that Pro card to something which we think will approximate the performance of a 7800 XT. But a very small performance increase is not surprising given the just released RX 7600 also from AMD, which barely does better than the previous gen 6650 XT. Small incremental benefits seen in AMD's cards at the more mid-range budget end of the spectrum. To be fair, there's 7900 XTX. There is a use case for that. If you want good performance at a good price, but you're not looking for the latest RTX support. So there is a use case to be made. And as I pointed out in the price watch episode coming out tomorrow, Saturday, if you're listening to this on Friday, June 23, we have a price watch episode coming out June 24. I do point out there that the cost, the local cost of a 7900 XTX is roughly 65, 66K, whereas Nvidia's highest top end 4090 is at around 106K. So there's a very big price gap between highest end of AMD and the highest end of Nvidia. So there is a use case. You could argue in some instances why you would want to get a 7900 XTX. But these newer cards of AMD, the 7600 and the 7800 XT when it does come out and if the performance is within the ballpark speculated by Igor's Lab, very hard to think of a good use case for that. Especially because the 6000 series cards are selling at discounted prices now. The prices of the 6000 AMD cards are very good right now for the performance that you're getting. And you're gonna fork over more for a brand new card which only does incrementally better. The economics do not look good for AMD's upcoming set of cards and also the more recent ones that they've released. So not hating on AMD, I myself are for a very long time had an RX 480 I think or 580 480 pang aata as my primary GPU. For CPUs, I do prefer AMD over Intel. I do prefer more competition on the market in general. But I think some of the hate that Nvidia gets is a little unfair. Considering that for most of the cards, the performance is there. The groundbreakingness like RTX, upscaling, the willingness to push the technology forward is there. Yes, prices are high. Yes, some versions look like they're just meant to make money from unsuspecting customers looking at you 4060Ti 8GB. But the general trend of Nvidia at least is let's be daring, let's see how fast we can go. Compared to AMD's perpetual kind of catching up in terms of the GPU space. So that's it for me. Thanks again for lending me your ear for another episode of Textual But Friendly. We do have a price watch episode coming out June 26th, Saturday, where there is surprising news on the price updates on the price front. This is the first time I've seen something like this so very surprising. Do check out the episode yet if you haven't on YouTube. Have a great day, have a great weekend. See you again next Friday for another Textual But Friendly. We also clean and repaste GPUs. Nasamakati yung physical store namin and you can also buy from our site www.hwsugar.ph na 100% palaging up to date yung inventory dun. Kung instock yung item sa amin available yun sa site. We also ship nationwide. Thanks for watching and maybe one of these days magkita tayo sa shop.


So here's a USB Type-C device. Yes right here very small and it has a normal USB on one side and the Type-C on the other side right here so we're here at the top disk and hi hi so who are you? This is Queen Ito from Top-Dex Technology. I'm responsible for new business development ourselves. And you do a Type-C on-the-go flash drive device. Yes we have modern 15 years experiences in USB flash drive. Can you show some of these here? What are we looking at here? Type-C? Yeah these two monitors are also Type-C. So it's Type-C on one side. Yes. And on the other side is a normal USB. Yeah normal USB. And how much storage can be inside? Normally from 16 gigabytes to 64 gigabytes. So any storage is okay and and you are a big factory for this? Yes we are factory for more than 500 staffs. So you can make many many millions. How many million you make? Each month around 4,000 K. 400,000 yeah? Yeah. 4,000 K. 4 million every month? Yeah 4,000 K. All right. And there's also some for iPhone right here. Can you show this one? Yes this is USB flash drive for iPhone. So this iPhone on one side? Yeah. There and the other side? Another side is for computer normal. All right. So what kind of price do we have for something like this small one like this? What's the price maybe? Very small. Affordable? Now this is new. Very very new. So the price is still pending. Okay. Yes. And here is the more information. USB C on the go flash drive. New trend of connector. Top disc is ready. All right. You also have the previous USB micro USB? Yeah. It looks like this? Yes. And with a bigger USB on the side? Yes. All right.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. Today we will talk about one particular mechanical device, Pentaloom, which everybody saw many times, I'm sure. But we will investigate how this particular mechanical device is working, what are the laws which govern its behavior, its parameters, whatever. And we will approach it strictly, mathematically, physically correct as far as we can do it. Now, this lecture is part of the course called Physics for Teens, presented on Unizor.com website, together with some other courses. For instance, Maths for Teens, and US Law for Teens, and some others. So, all these courses are completely free, there are no advertisements. So, I do recommend you to watch this lecture, and any other actual lecture of this and other courses from the website, because for every lecture there is a very detailed notes, and the lectures are arranged in certain logical sequence to make it a course. So, whatever we are doing right now, Physics for Teens, that's a relatively complete course of Physics for high school level students, which starts with mechanics and ends with whatever, pictures of atoms or whatever. Anyway, so, let's talk about pendulum. Today we'll talk about pendulum. Very simple device, everybody knows what it is, so we will define it as follows. We have certain vertical, and when I'm saying vertical, it means we are on the planet, like this planet Earth, for instance, and the vertical is obviously the direction towards the center of the Earth, because this is the source of gravity, and the force of gravity is the main force participating in the oscillation of the pendulum. Now, at some point, we fixed one end of the thread, and at another end we put some kind of a weight. This is a point object, which means it has a zero dimension, and certain mass, let's say mass is m. Now, the thread has certain lengths, obviously, we will call it L, and the way how we will operate this particular pendulum, which sometimes is called mathematical pendulum, because it's really an abstraction. This is not really a point, obviously, object. This is some real object, and whenever we are talking about real parameters, everything is changing, but right now we're talking about ideal mathematical pendulum, which is this is the point object of certain mass, and what we do is we will tilt it by angle phi from the vertical, and let it go. Our question is, what will happen? Well, I mean, we all know what will happen in the qualitative sense of this world. It will start oscillating back and forth, back and forth, and considering this is a mathematical pendulum, which means we ignore completely air resistance, some kind of a friction in this thread, etc., thread is considered to be non-stretchable, obviously. So, it will indefinitely make these oscillating movements. So, now the question is how we can really say what kind of quantitative parameters of this movement. Again, intuitively, it's probably obvious it will go from the angle phi to the right, to angle phi to the left, and then back and forth, back and forth. We are probably mostly interested in the period of these oscillations, and actually what's probably the most important characteristic of this movement is this function phi of t. Now, this angle probably should be symbolized as phi zero, which means it's an initial angle of tilting this particular thing. But as the angle, this angle is changing with the time, this basically defines the movement of this pendulum. So, that's our purpose to find out this function. Okay. Now, we should actually impose certain initial conditions, because as you know, lots of mechanical motions can be expressed using whatever the laws of physics are, like, for instance, Newton's second law, can be expressed in some kind of differential equations, and to solve differential equations, we need initial conditions. So, what kind of initial conditions we can impose on this particular function, phi of t? Well, first of all, obviously, phi of zero is equal to initial angle, right? So, that's at the moment t is equal to zero, because we have tilted and then let it go. Now, the fact that we let it go, it means we didn't push it in any direction. Now, pushing is something like initial speed or whatever. I mean, then it goes by itself, but initially we can't push it, but we didn't. So, we have to somehow specify that we didn't really push it. Now, what does it mean that we didn't really push it? It means that linear, this is trajectory, right? So, the linear speed of this point object at the end of the thread initially is zero. That's basically what it means we don't really push it. So, there is an initial speed along this orbit and it's zero. Now, how can I express linear speed along the trajectory on a circle? Now, this is obviously a circle, right? Since this is a thread. So, how can I express in terms of function phi of t that the linear speed along this trajectory initially is equal to zero? So, how speed along the circular trajectory can be expressed in terms of the angle? Well, very simply, as we know the length of the arc is always equal to radius times angle, right? So, if you have an arc, this is angle alpha in regions, obviously, this is radius r. So, this length is r times alpha. Okay, so, we know that which means our linear displacement is equal to l times phi of t, linear displacement from the beginning to position at moment t. Now, the derivative of this is my linear speed. l is a constant, so it's a derivative of phi of t. So, that's my linear speed in terms of angular displacement and the radius l of this thread, which means that I can say that my at moment zero is equal to zero. That's what it means. And now, we don't really need l because it's a constant. So, this is the second initial condition. So, the function phi of t has two initial conditions, one on its value at point t equals zero, another value of its derivative at point t equals zero. So, the initial tilt is equal to phi zero, initial speed is equal to zero. Okay, now let's talk about what kind of equation we can impose on the movement of this particular object. Well, what kind of forces are we are dealing with right now? Well, obviously, the first and most important force is the weight, right? This is mass of this object m times acceleration of the free falling. Probably, we're talking about planet Earth, so g is 9.8 meters per second square. Mass is whatever the mass is. That's the most important point, most important force, which is acting. And as we are considering, let's say, initial condition like this, what actually forces this particular point object to still be at length l from this point and at the same time to move along the circular orbit, circular trajectory? Well, very simply. What we have to do is we have to represent my weight as a superposition of two forces, one going along the along this thread and another going perpendicularly to the thread. So, this would be r and this would be f. So, basically, my weight is equal to a combination of function f plus r. Now, this point is always at the length l, which means that this component, the r, it's not stretching because this thread is not stretchable, which means that there is a reaction force r0 or whatever one we call it, which is exactly equal to the component r but directed in the opposite direction. And they are balancing each other. This is the reason why this point object is always on a constant length l from the point where the thread is fixed. And this component is the main component which actually forces our object to move along the circular trajectory. Now, obviously, this is angle phi. Now, this is also, now we can actually talk about phi, not phi0. So, it's some kind of a position in between. So, this is also angle phi. So, my function, my component f is equal to pi times, this is phi, this is phi sine. So, this is mg times sine of phi of t at any moment t. So, it means that this particular force is changing in both direction because it's always tangential to a circle and in magnitude because phi of t is changing in magnitude. Now, this component r, it's correspondingly, is equal to mg times cosine of phi of t, also changing in direction because we are moving. So, the r is directing this way or this way or this way and it's also changing in magnitude depending on phi. And we can actually completely ignore this force r, we don't really need it. We need really only one force which is the one which basically forces our pendulum to go along this circular object. And since we know the force, we can put together a second law, Newton's second law because acceleration along this particular orbit, we can definitely express in terms of function phi of t. So, we were already talking that the velocity is the first derivative from the L times phi of t. L times phi of t is basically the distance traveled until the angle becomes phi of t during the time t. So, this is the first derivative. So, this is basically absolute value of the velocity and the second derivative will be this one again because L is a constant. So, the second derivative is acceleration along the circular trajectory. So, at any moment of time, this force course is the cause of this acceleration of this particular object. So, let's just express it as a second law, Newton's second law. This is my force. Now, this is acceleration. So, we have to multiply mass times acceleration to get the force. So, it's mass times acceleration L times phi second derivative of t. They must be equal to each other. However, I would like to make one very important note here. As the angle is diminishing, force is always acting towards diminishing of this angle. So, whatever the position phi of t at any moment, then the force goes this way and it's trying to diminish this angle. So, the force must be with a minus sign. Otherwise this thing will not be a true equation. So, that's very important. The force is towards decreasing the function phi of t. So, that's why we're always talking about diminishing its speed and diminishing its acceleration. So, that's why acceleration is always negative in this particular case. It's always towards diminishing of the angle. And what's another very important thing is this m, m, which means what? Which means that our equation, and correspondingly the function phi of t, is independent of mass. So, it doesn't really matter how big, how heavy this particular object is. The heavy pendulum will have exactly the same type of oscillation as the light one. It will do in sync. So, if we will just take two pendulums like this, one with a heavy point object, another with a light one, and just tilt it at the same angle and let it go at the same time, they will do synchronously oscillations. So, the function phi of t, it's a solution to this differential equation, and m mass does not participate. So, all we have to do is to solve this particular differential equation. So, let me just write it here. I will do something like this. Okay, this is our differential equation. And solution to this equation is our function phi of t, which we are trying to determine. Now, obviously, it looks like it depends only on how the planet attracts objects on its surface, the freefall acceleration g, that's the property of the planet, right? On Earth, it's 9.8, and it depends on the length of the thread. Nothing more, everything else is dictated by this differential equation. Now, the good news is that we have a second order differential equation, right? Second order, because it's a second derivative here. And we have two initial conditions, the initial condition for the function and its derivative, and from the theory of differential equations that should be sufficient to find a solution. Well, that's the good news. Another good news was, by the way, that we have cancelled out the mass. So, the motion is independent on the mass of the point object at the end of the pendulum. Now, let me give you the bad news. The bad news is that we cannot solve this differential equation in simple algebraic functions. You cannot say that some algebraic function phi of t is equal to something square, something square root, something multiply, something divided. You cannot express in any kind of a traditional mathematical functions, trigonometric function, exponential function, whatever else you can do. You cannot express your solution in these explicit terms of nice algebraic functions, which we get used to. Well, that's quite unfortunate, I would say. So, if we want to know exact solutions to this thing, there is only one way. Use the computers and use some numerical analysis to basically plot the function as it goes as a function of t. So, for every specific time t, we can find the value of this function, but we cannot express it on the computer, but we cannot express it in any kind of a nice algebraic formula. Well, you might say that you are surprised that there is something which we cannot really express in normal mathematical terms.  I would say that majority of the things which are really happening in the nature are much beyond in their complexity to abilities of mass to nicely express it. Well, say thanks that we have a differential equation and we have certain numerical procedures using computers to basically calculate the function phi of t for any specific time. But as far as expressing it in some nice way, probably most of the really occurring in nature things are not that simple. The law of gravitation is approximation. The second law of neutron is approximate. Everything is approximation to a certain degree. And even such a simple mechanical device as ideal pendulum, and I'm talking about ideal pendulum which the thread is not stretchable, you know, this type of thing. Our object is a point object, so it doesn't have any dimensions. Even in this ideal case, so-called mathematical pendulum, even here we have an equation which cannot be solved. However, what we can do, we can approximate the solution of this differential equation with another differential equation which is, well, kind of close to this one and we can solve it. And that's actually what I'm going to do right now. Here is my point. Now, if you went through a course of mathematics, especially if the one which presented on unisor.com mass proteins, you must be familiar with this particular limit. So, if you have graphics, this is sine and this is y is equal to x. So, here they are very, very close to each other. So, if my angle is in relative proximity to zero, if it's a small angle, so to speak. For a small angle, the difference between sine x and x is very, very small. It's nonexistent. I mean, it exists, but it's so small that we can really kind of ignore it. And instead of using the sine of something, of an angle, we can use the angle itself. Now, obvious question is what exactly are the boundaries of closeness which we, which we can really feel comfortable about if we replace sine of something with that something itself. Well, traditionally we are saying something like from minus 15 degree to plus 15 degree in this interval, it's really allowed to have sine of the angle to be replaced with an angle itself without much, without much difference actually. Which means that if our initial phi zero, if our initial tilt is really not a big one, it's not like 45 degrees, but something like 15 degrees. If our, so this is 45 degrees approximately, right? Now, 15 should be one-third of it, something like this. So, if we just a little bit tilt the pendulum in the very beginning and then let it go, then probably this particular type of motion can be approximated with replacing this differential equation with this one. So, I replace sine of phi of t with phi of t itself. Now, this is much simpler differential equation. This is the differential equation we can actually solve without any problems. And again, during the course of mass for teens, I did consider something like this as an example of differential, linear differential equation of the second order which can be solved. So, right now I'm not going into the details of how to solve it. I'll just put down a solution. Solution is phi of t is equal to C1 cosine square root of g over l t plus C2 sine of square root of g over l t. This is a general solution of this equation. Let's just verify that this is true. The first derivative of this would be C1. Derivative of cosine is a sine of square root of g over l t times the inner function which is just a multiplication by a constant should be differentiated and the derivative is square root of g over l plus C2. Derivative of sine is a cosine of this times derivative of inner function which is again square root of g over l. That's my first derivative. Now, my second derivative, so this is first. My second derivative is, well, this is a constant. This is a constant. So, we have C1 times square root of g over l is a constant. I think I made a mistake. Now, this should be with a minus sine. Sorry, minus C1 times derivative of cosine minus sine, not sine. Derivative of sine cosine, that's okay. So, we still have a minus here. Let's see if something is wrong. Times derivative of sine which is a cosine of square root of g over l t times derivative of the inner function which is also square root of g over l and we have already square root of g over l. So, if I will multiply, I will just get rid of the square root. Then this one, derivative of cosine minus sine. So, it's a C2, this constant, square root of g over l, cosine would be minus sine. So, minus here, sine here, square root of g over l t and inner function, it's square root of g over l and I will get rid of this. Now, what we have, the second derivative is equal to this and how this compared with this, that's exactly the same thing.  So, this is a solution. Great. And again, I did not want to get inside of how I obtained this solution. If you are interested, I suggest you to go to any textbook on differential equation or to the course, Mass 14's differential equation chapter where I discuss this. So, this is a solution, proved it. Now, what are C1 and C2? Well, we have initial conditions which will help us. So, if I will substitute 0 instead of t, I should have phi 0. Now, I substitute 0 here, that would be sine of 0 which is 0. And now, if I will substitute this 0, it will be cosine of 0 which is 1 times C1. So, it's C1 is equal to phi 0. Now, the first derivative, I wiped it out, but I can just write it again. C1 is equal to phi 0. Now, my first derivative is equal to minus C1 square root of g over l sine of square root of g over l t plus C2 cosine square root of g over l cosine square root of g over l t. That's my first derivative, right? And if I substitute t is equal to 0 into first derivative, this will be sine of 0 which is 0. This will be cosine which is 1. So, I will have C2 times this square root is equal to 0. So, C2 is equal to 0. So, we found a particular solution, not just a general solution, which is this one, but a particular solution which satisfies our initial condition. C1 which is phi 0 cosine square root of g over l times t and C2 is equal to 0. So, this is a solution. This is how our pendulum would actually oscillate. This is the dependency of the angle of tilting from the vertical as a function of time. But again, don't forget that this is only within certain very small angles. So, our initial phi 0, our initial tilting, should not be really very big. As I said, no more than like 10-15 degrees, which is relatively small. Then this is true. On a bigger angle, it's not working. So, whenever you're presented with the problem about pendulum and they're saying use whatever the formula is for pendulum oscillation like this one, you have to understand that, well, it's working more or less well within only certain restrictions on the initial angle not to be too big. Now, our problem can be formulated differently. For instance, instead of tilting at some initial angle phi 0 and then let it go, and then it goes by itself, we can impose different initial conditions. For instance, the pendulum is hanging vertically and we just push it, give them some initial speed along the trajectory. So, this would be 0 and this would be some constant. And that would result in different C1 and C2. They will be different law. But it will still be some trigonometric style. If this is equal to 0, it means that C1 should be equal to 0, right? And if this is equal to some constant, then C2 would be equal to something. So, it will be some coefficient times sine of this particular expression. So, just different variations of this general solution to cater to the particular initial conditions of our pendulum. And finally, I would like to basically say a couple of words this. Now, this is the cosine, right? It's a very kind of well-established trigonometric function we know all about it, etc. Cosine is from minus 1 to 1, but if multiplied by phi 0, it will be from minus phi 0 to plus phi 0, right? So, phi 0 is an amplitude. Now, how about the period? Now, period is very important for a pendulum because the period is something which we always talk about. What is the period of oscillation of this pendulum because the pendulum is used, for instance, in the clock, right? Old clocks, grandfather's clocks, right? There was a pendulum. Now, it's very easy. Now, we know from the theory of trigonometric functions that if you will multiply argument by some multiplier, then the period will diminish. So, from 2 pi, it will be 2 pi divided by this particular coefficient or multiplied by its reciprocal. So, this would be a period. This is obvious from the function from the analysis of the function cosine. So, again, if you multiply periodic function like cosine by some constant, then obviously the period will be diminished by this constant or I will multiply by its reverse. And this is the formula which is given to students in many textbooks on websites, etc. Well, just know that this formula is very approximate. It's based on the solution, on a simplified solution of our initial differential equation. So, it's true only for very small oscillations around the vertical. Well, that's basically it. That's all I wanted to talk about. And again, I would like to point out that the nature, even in such simple devices, this pendulum, is very complicated. And it's so complicated that even all the contemporary mathematical functions which we are typically familiar with cannot cover such a simple motion as oscillation of the pendulum. So, just have an appreciation to nature in this case and realize that our knowledge is really kind of restricted. Let's put it this way. Although we do have certain ways to analyze something which is not really algebraically well expressible, we have this power of computers and we can probably solve this particular differential equation numerically, which means this function will be numerically evaluated for every moment of time t. We can find its value again to a certain degree of approximation. Okay, that's it. Thank you very much. And I do suggest you to go to the website and just read the notes to this lecture. I think it's very helpful. Thanks and good luck.


That whistle is your signal for the signal oil program the whistler Rated tops in popularity for a longer period of time than any other West Coast program and Signal gasoline is tops to tops in quality It takes extra quality, you know to give you extra mileage and signal is the famous go farther gasoline Available wherever you see the signal circle sign in yellow and black that identifies independent signal dealers from Canada to Mexico I am the whistler and I know many things for I walk by night I know many strange tales hidden in the hearts of men and women who have stepped into the shadows Yes, I know the nameless terrors of which they dare not speak And now the whistler strange story search for an unknown The tall dark haired man and his companion moved away from the bar Crossed the cocktail lounge and stopped before the huge windows to gaze out over the city As they stood there watching the flickering lights across San Francisco Bay The girl unconsciously began toying with the shiny new wedding band on her finger Then as the man raised his glass to drink she turned and looked up to it. What are you thinking about Frank? Albert Maxwell A little guy over there across the bay waiting in the best cell What time is it? He's got ten minutes to go He deserves to die. Yeah What if I'd played this case smart things might have turned out better Sometimes I wish I'd never been mixed up in it at all Do you tell me if you hadn't you wouldn't have met me how to find you somewhere darling You know Julie, maybe I ought to give it up quit making like a private eye and take up selling shoelaces I'd much rather you remain Frank Ferguson private investigator funny most wives would object But it make any difference if I did maybe Maybe not Come on Julie. Let's go home. All right Frank In a few minutes when the execution's over You're gonna forget the whole thing, aren't you sure sure? I'll forget it As Frank Ferguson and his bride of 24 hours moved across the cocktail lounge toward the elevators He wondered if he could forget it forget the story at all. Of course. It wasn't his he'd only played a small part in it Actually, it was Duncan McKay's story Duncan McKay head of the largest gambling syndicate west of the Rockies and Ferguson's thoughts went back to the night it all began the night months ago when he arrived at McKay's heavily guarded the state in San Mateo had been ushered into the billiard room by Jim Slade McKay's bodyguard Mr. McKay. Yes, lady. Oh Come in come in.  Yeah, I'm Ferguson.  I was voted most likely to rip up the table in 1949 Yeah, how'd you play this one against the cushion? Where else five says I do it the hard way five You can deduct it from my bill man Why did you send for me McKay?  Let's get to the point, huh? Yeah The point Ferguson is that Somebody is out to kill me. That's news. All right. I've been threatened before but this time Well, it's a little different. I Received a letter a few days ago a letter threatening my life doesn't sound like any of your former playmates, huh? That's right. They wouldn't operate that way From the crowd, you don't get advanced notice. You suddenly wind up in an alley full of slugs So you got a letter why worry you got a nice set up here you can hide behind your steel fence and those guards There isn't a chance of anybody getting close enough to you to do any damage. What are you so nervous about? I'm not nervous Ferguson I worried at all Let's say I'm amused My curiosity has been aroused This whole thing intrigues me. I don't get it. He will Just a second. Yeah Yes, the afternoon's paper on page two pictures and there it So a couple of citizens and Frisco received threatening letters same as yours as the same Julie Wilson Albert Dobbs a hat-check girl in a hardware clerk friends of yours never saw them before in my life She's a good-looking dame if you like hat-check girls I don't throw rocks at anybody According to the paper the Wilson girl doesn't know Dobbs and he's never heard of her So there it is for three strangers We each get a letter threatening us with death and we don't know why there must be some connection That's why I hired you for this. I want you to find out what that link is What ties me up with a hat-check girl and the guy who sells nuts and bolts in some crummy hardware store He resent the company McKay. That's what's bothering you At some point in our lives our paths must have crossed somewhere Somewhere along the road the three of your kicks somebody in the teeth And now there's somebody wants to introduce you to an embalmer the hard way Look, I want you to find out all there is to know about this Wilson Dane and this guy Albert Dobbs Where they're from what they've done who they know everything I want a complete report on both of all right McKay, I'll even find out what kind of toothpaste they use Let me see you make this shot, huh? Ten says that you don't Ten says I do Thought you said you weren't nervous McKay. I'll add it out of the bill. Hmm. I'll see you around. Don't worry. I'll take care of everything You smile as Ferguson leaves don't you McKay? Confident that once he finds out all there is to know about Julie Wilson and Albert Dobbs Once the link is established between the three of you that you'll know is threatening your life and then You'll take care of everything In the days that follow you wait anxiously for some word from Ferguson and then finally one evening Yes, hello, McKay. This is Ferguson. Well, I thought you better know McKay Somebody else received one of those letters a guy named bro belly Gino Brevelli, you know him Revelli and I've heard of him but put him on the list along with Julie Wilson and that Dobbs guy talk to him Okay, but he won't answer. Why not? Hey, uh, he met with an accident. He's on a slab at the morgue With the prologue of search for an unknown the signal oil company brings you another strange story by the whistler But first a word of wisdom about a major purchase that many of you drivers will be making during the coming winter months a new battery When you compare the cost of different batteries remember this the important thing is not the first cost But the cost per month which of course depends on how long the battery lasts Measured by that yardstick one of today's most economical batteries is the new extra long-life signal deluxe battery instead of being guaranteed for only a year or 18 months like most batteries the new signal deluxe batteries are guaranteed for a Full two and a half years on a service basis The secret of this amazingly long life is their improved type all rubber separators the finest kind known to battery engineering In addition this improved construction helps signal deluxe batteries deliver up to 35 percent more power a Great help in taking care of the many electrical gadgets on today's automobile So before you buy any battery find out from your signal dealer the generous trade-in He's now offering for old batteries plus his convenient credit terms on new signal deluxe batteries You'll see for yourself that on a per month basis It actually costs less to enjoy the quicker starting and long dependability of today's finest battery a signal deluxe battery And now back to the whistler You don't like to admit it do you mckay? But the news is more than a little disturbing the news that the killer has claimed his first victim a man named Bruvalli is dead a Man who along with Julie Wilson and Albert Dobbs received a threatening letter similar to the one that was sent to you But the killer will never reach you willy Not as long as you remain within the protective walls of your estate with Jim Slade your bodyguard close by your side You're going to play it safe and wait until you find the link The tie between you Julie Wilson and Albert Dobbs and then you will go after the killer yourself As you pace the floor of your library a thousand questions flash through your mind Questions you waste little time asking when Ferguson finally arrived. That's what I said mckay a window washer Bruvalli a window washer. Yeah, he fell out of a 20-story window late yesterday afternoon It looked like an accident that is until this letter came around to his boarding house this morning The landlady spotted it the way it was addressed, you know she called the cops. Oh, wait a minute Bruvalli was already dead when the letter arrived. Yeah, the letter was postmarked yesterday at 5 p.m Bruvalli took a dive around three But why mail a letter to a man if you've already killed him? Well, maybe the killer saw an opportunity to knock off Bruvalli ahead of schedule and took it That's one way of looking at it. Yeah, there's another a couple of more mckay Suppose Bruvalli wasn't on your friends list at all Suppose the letter was written by some crack plotter a guy with a warp sense of you said the letter was the same Well, sure, but anybody can get a piece of butcher paper and square all something on it with a hunk of red crayon Oh, you think that's what happened. No, here's what I think happened The killer hears about a guy falling out of a building.  All right All right, what do you want to what do you find out about the others? The wilson girl dobs Well, here's a 10 page report on julie wilson or a hat check girl faces life. She's a sweet kid mckay Is she Ferguson? How'd you meet her bar room pickup? She threw herself at your feet when you bought her a beer. No It was all very formal mckay the gent who owns the club where she works introduced us Like I said, she's a sweet kid I've been at the club lots of times somehow. I never noticed it. Maybe that's because you never check your hat uh too shaggy Now, uh, how about this is hard work like this elvord dobs? What'd you dig up on him? I didn't he's disappeared disappeared I went around to his hotel this afternoon the clerk told me he packed up and left the dress unknown Fine, that's great. Well, don't get excited. I got a couple of leads I want to check on as soon as I get back to town I'll find them a case you'll see that you do and call me the minute you line up in it You're sure You show mr. Ferguson out and see I'm not disturbed for the next few hours.  Yes, perhaps in his story. You'll find the missing pieces of the puzzle The day's drag on you wait impatiently for fergusson to call but he doesn't Then on the morning of the fourth day slade interrupts you at breakfast What is it slade it's about fergusson mr. mckay. Yeah. Well, how about him? He's been checking up on you You what that's right and going around town asking a lot of questions. They're all about you I don't like that slade. I don't like that at all I'm not paying him to pry into him Wait a minute How did you find out I've had one of my boys tell him for a week Why? All right, I thought it would be a good idea.  He's a good-looking dog. Yeah. Yeah, he's up to something mr. McKay.   He found out who fergusson was seeing there Dobbs dobs fergusson was talking to the little guy in the lobby It hasn't turned out the way you planned it all has it mckay Slade is right fergusson must be up to something You're not exactly sure just what it is, but you're not going to take any chances You hurry to the phone and dial and as you do you notice your hand is trembling You call fergusson's office. There's no answer. Then you ring his apartment. Who is this? Well, who do you wish to speak to fergusson? I'm a client of his Oh, just a minute. It's the wilson dame. She's at his apartment. Huh? Hello There's mckay. Yeah Was that the wilson girl? Oh, uh, yeah. Yeah, we figured to be a lot safer if she stayed here at my place Well, I'm away. You're not going anywhere fergusson. You're wrong mckay. I am. Oh, you're wrong fergusson I want to see you right away. Sorry. I'm due at the airport in half an hour. I'm flying down to la. I'll see you when I get back I'm on to something Yeah, yeah, I'll bet you All right fergusson. I'll see you when you get back You can count on it Leaving town is he yeah He didn't mention dobs We got to get moving slade Fergusson's a smart operator if you can fit this puzzle together before I do you'll have me right behind the apel Yeah, he gets the story from the girl from dobs checks on your background and he's in Yeah, you can cause you plenty of trouble and cost you plenty of money too Now that may not be what he has in mind, but i'm not going to take many chances From now on i'm going to handle things my way Tonight we're going to drop around the fergusson's apartment and have a nice long talk with julie wilson Hello, we're uh friends of fergusson. Oh, well, he isn't here right now. Yeah, I know Come on slade. Just a minute. What do you want? Relax?  We just want to talk About what? Yeah, this Little report on you julie I want to be sure you didn't leave out anything on purpose Now sit down I don't know anything about it. You gotta believe me. Come on sister. Take it easy slade. You might hurt the pretty lady Please I told you all I know now leave me alone. What did you tell fergusson? What'd you tell him? He forgot to include in his report honest. I don't know what you mean Now look that's getting late and my patience is getting a little bit Hello fergusson. Yeah, you got back from ellie and hurry That's the idea mckay. Oh, yeah Just drop around have a friendly chat. Look mckay. I don't like guys to call on my girl unless she invites them Your girl, that's what I said julie and I are gonna get married. Please frank it All right, marry You know, I don't get you with all fergusson When I showed you her picture in the paper. You didn't know it. I didn't then this happened kind of quick between us I see. I don't think you do mckay Whether you're doing that you can take a powder now and take your ape with you All right slade don't annoy mr. Ferguson. His drink of figure is nervous. You might do something rash Come on We'll uh, see you around fergusson Remember I still want to talk to you. What do you think mr. McKay? I'd say the girl was leveling But I'm still not sold on fergusson And we'll find out soon enough Where's dobs hiding out mission street near the waterfront not too far from here.  The dobs holds the key to the mystery that once you've heard his story You'll know who sent the letter threatening your life A quarter of an hour later you parked your car on lower mission street While slade hurries into a small dimly lit hotel A few minutes and he's back He's registered under a phony name. The clerk said he hadn't come in yet. Are you sure? Cost me five bucks. I'm sure. All right We'll wait Give me a cigarette will you slade sure mr. McKay Yeah Thanks What time is it a little after two o'clock? Two o'clock What's keeping him think he'll show he's got to I uh Never saw you like this mr. McKay jumpy. It isn't all right. I'm jumpy. What do you expect sure sure I don't like this setup slade. I don't like it at all I've always known who my enemies were always been able to take care of them when they came around looking for trouble This time. I don't know who I'm up against Makes a lot of difference slade makes a lot. What's wrong? Up ahead just turn the corner coming this way could be wait Wait until he walks by Dobs Like to uh to talk to you.  No, no, we're not the police Take it easy dobs.  No, no, no wait. Wait relax. Come on Hello dobs Who are you a handy guy for you to know if you want to level with me? But uh, I don't understand and we'll talk about it on the way Where are we going down to my place in the peninsula? Nice quiet very safe place for both of us Both of us I think it'd be a good idea for us to have a little talk Maybe we can add up a few things and find out who's trying to kill us Us You mean You too. Yeah, we're both in the same boat I'll get in dobs. We're wasting time Shortly after three in the morning you arrive at the gates of your estate watch them swing open You nod to the guards and drive on up the roadway to the house And a few minutes later you're sitting in the library facing albert dobs across the desk Sure, you won't have one mr. Dobs. No, no, no, thank you Yeah Now go ahead slade fix yourself a drink. Thanks So you don't know why anyone would want to kill you any dames No idea at all. No, no mr. McKay. I I don't have any ideas.  It is. Yes, I am Aren't you Now look suppose you start in from the beginning. Maybe we can help each other Start in yeah, I want you to tell me all there is to know about albert dobs Where you're from where you've been what you've done who you know everything. Oh, I see. Yes. I'll go ahead Yes, well, uh But I was born in 1893 1893 Yeah Might as well pull up a chair slave. This is gonna take a long time But I've got a hunch this is it and it's going to be worth it The whistler will return in just a moment with a strange ending to tonight's story Meantime I'd like to ask one of you ladies a question Are you going to serve iced tea with your Thanksgiving dinner? Of course not in cold weather We prefer a hot drink precisely and just as you choose a different diet in cool weather Remember your car needs a different cold weather diet too if you want to keep performance up and wear down Just what do you mean by a cold weather diet for a car? Well, first of all the transmission and differential should be drained and refilled with the correct winter grade of signal gear lubricant If your front wheel bearings and speedometer cable haven't been repacked for 5 000 miles Now's a good time to have your signal dealer tend to that And of course the tired old motor oil should be drained and replaced with signal premium compounded motor oil The new type oil that does so much more than just lubricate. What more can an oil do than lubricate a good question You see because scientific compounds have been added to signal premium compounded motor oil It actually removes carbon and prevents corrosion That's why more and more drivers who want a sweeter running motor are switching to signal premium compounded motor oil And now back to the whistler It's almost dawn now and you're tired. Aren't you mckay?  Oh, wait a minute When was this again? Well see 19 At 1929. All right. All right 1929 la Where'd you live on? 54th street near figure off Where 54th street? I had a small flat near the But what's the matter mr. McKay? Have I said something? In an instant your thoughts raced back through the years back to that unfortunate little affair on 54th street in los angeles 19 years ago, wasn't it mckay? You were just one of galette's strong armed boys then selling protection to small shopkeepers And that night your methods of persuasion proved fatal to a man who ran a grocery store You're confident now that you're on the right track at last Dobbs the frightened little man who sits facing you across the desk as established the link The rest of his story will supply information.  McKay. Yeah, why don't you turn in get some sleep? Oh, that's all right. I don't think you better You better turn in Sure.  This is furgus. Yeah, what do you want chamois? Look mckay, you can thank julie for this call. She talked me into it. I was in favor of letting you sweat What are you talking about till I made that trip to la? I wasn't sure I am now I've got your man the guy who's trying to kill you As soon as I hang up i'm calling the police. Oh, wait a minute You know who yeah a guy named max well died in la His brother's been after you a long time mckay With all that protection you had he couldn't get close to you So he figured out a way to get you to come after him What that letter he sent you You know if he mailed the other two to a couple of strangers people you'd never heard of your curiosity would be aroused The letter he sent to julie was a blind But the one he sent to himself was going to pay off To himself he'll kill you the first time he gets you alone mckay, so I thought I ought to warn you His real name is albert maxwell, but we know him as albert dobs Dobs That's right I'm albert maxwell. No, no wait wait a minute. You got me wrong. You got me Ah Let that whistle be your signal for the signal oil program the whistler each sunday night at this same time Signal oil company has asked me to remind you that the community chest drive now in progress Deserves the support of all of us because all of us benefit either directly or indirectly through improved community conditions So give generously to your community chest Featured in tonight's story were willard waterman and frank love joy The whistler was produced and directed by george w allen with story by adrian John doe and music by wilbur hatch and was transmitted to our troops overseas by the arm forces radio service Remember at this same time next sunday another strange tale By the whistler Marvin miller speaking. This is cbs the columbia broadcasting system


President of the United States and Ambassador Kirkpatrick. Thank you very much. Announcement also missed our National Security Advisor, Mr. McFarland, who came in with us here this morning. Well, I thank you all for being here today to underscore our national recognition of human rights. A degree of freedom in our country is something of which Americans are rightfully proud. Unlike many other countries which find their cohesion in cultural and social traditions, the citizens of our country find their unity and their heritage in the liberty that is shared by people with diverse cultural backgrounds. When Americans think about the nature of human rights, we begin with what Abraham Lincoln called the definition and axioms of free society contained in the Declaration of Independence. Well, that testament of liberty declares that all men are created equal and are endowed by their creator with inalienable rights. To secure these rights, it states governments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Well, those words reveal the meaning of human rights and our philosophy of liberty that is the essence of America. Sometimes we in free countries forget the richness of that precious possession. Our human rights are respected, so our freedom is almost indivisible. Invisible, I should say. There are no walls, no troops or guard guns to prevent us from traveling. There are no guards at our churches or spies in our congregations. And there are no censors at the newspapers or universities. People who live in tyranny however can see freedom much more clearly. It shines like a candle in the midst of darkness and America's freedom shines through a world of stormy seas giving hope to tens of millions of people for a better way of life. As Americans, it's our responsibility to speak out against blatant affronts to human rights. Yes, we must and we will speak out against the incarceration of Soviet dissidents in psychiatric wards, against the barbaric persecution of the members of the Bahia faith in Iran, against the racial injustice of the apartheid system in South Africa, and against the persecution of the Catholic Church and the Solidarity Labor Movement in Poland. Just a personal note of regret. It's particularly unfortunate that Solidarity leader Lekwelesa, who has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his valiant efforts to achieve peaceful reconciliation within Poland, feels that he cannot leave his own country to accept that prize out of concern that he would not be permitted to return. We cannot believe in human rights and ignore the activities of death squads in some Central American countries. The persecution of the churches and of the mosquito Indians in Nicaragua and the resurgence of repression against national and religious groups in the Soviet Union, including Jews, Baptists, Lithuanian Catholics, Central Asian Muslims, and even members of the Russian Orthodox clergy. We will, of course, maintain a strong defense but an equally potent weapon against tyranny is to proclaim the truth. I think one of our great failings has been permitting leftist dictatorships to seize the initiative in the international debate. The adversaries of freedom allocate enormous resources to promote their brutal systems and propagate blatant lies. Well, we in the democracies in comparison have spent far too little to offer the world our message of democracy, human rights, and truth. To turn this situation around, I've made supportive democracy a central goal of American foreign policy and specifically to correct these communication gaps. We are significantly expanding the international broadcasting capabilities of the United States. We're strengthening operations of the Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, and we're establishing Radio Marti to communicate directly to the Cuban people. St. John told us, he shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free. These people aren't even allowed to read the Bible. It is up to us to make sure the message of hope and salvation gets through. You know, I should have brought it with me, although maybe some of you have seen it, but I have a little book about that big and about that thick that contains a verse or two printed in small type in that little thing from the Bible. It was smuggled out of Russia and was finally delivered to me as an example of what they do just to try and cling to their faith and belief that when someone has a Bible they then take just a verse so that everyone can have at least some words, a few words of the Scripture, and in something that can be easily hidden. And that when we think of our own freedom makes it very evident. I've done something else. I have to interject here, this is not an occasion for humor, but I've had a kind of a hobby lately of collecting by way of dissidents stories that are told behind some of those iron curtains and those iron walls by the people themselves showing their own cynicism about the system under which they're forced to live. And one recently that I heard had to do with three dogs that were having a conversation, an American dog, a Polish dog, and a Russian dog.  And the Russian dog says, what's bark? But seriously, all of us who live in freedom are linked in spirit with those brave men and women being persecuted for demanding their rights or struggling to establish democracy. With us today in the front rows and on stage are a number of courageous individuals who've suffered for their belief in human rights and democracy. They come from countries which differ markedly from each other and yet they're all heroes of the same cause. Their devotion to political and religious liberties unites them as it unites all of us who are committed to the freedom of mankind. I note with sadness and concern that one hero not with us today, Dr. Andrei Sakharov, is reported to be seriously ill. This good and courageous man has struggled for years on behalf of human rights and he's now banished to the city of Gorky, supposedly free, he just can't leave Gorky. It's my hope that in the name of humanity the Soviet authorities will permit this noble individual to live his life in freedom and dignity. In honoring these heroes today we proclaim our confidence that good and decent people will triumph over evil. Dictatorships can pass away. On the right we've seen it happen in recent years in Spain, in Portugal, in Greece, in Argentina. On the left, totalitarian ideologies that brutalize human beings to rebuild mankind into that which it is not our destined to fail. Totalitarianism on the left, just like Nazism before it, will be discarded by a disgusted humanity. Much depends on us, but we can be confident that the tide of history is indeed running on the side of freedom. This month marks the anniversary of two milestones in mankind's journey to freedom. December 15th is the 192nd anniversary of our Bill of Rights. And 35 years ago, recalling from the horror and the destruction of World War II, on December 10th, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Those of us who went through that terrible conflict saw the Declaration as an important international standard, something that could help build a better world. Well, today we reaffirm our commitment to the ideals expressed in the Declaration. To commemorate these advances in freedom, we are declaring December 10th Human Rights Day. The week beginning December 10th is Human Rights Week, and December 15th, Bill of Rights Day. Let this be a call to action for all Americans. We must rededicate ourselves to respect at home for those fundamental human rights which form the basis of our self-definition as a people and a nation. We must also assure those brave men and women ruling for democracy around the world that we will be true to ourselves by supporting our common cause. I thank you very much. God bless all of you, and with that said, I will sign the Declaration. Again, thank you all very much for being here.


It's now time for Member Statements. Member for Scarborough Southwest. Thank you, Speaker. Speaker, on Tuesday afternoon, I was visited by two of my constituents, brothers from Scarborough Southwest. They came to Queens Park to share with me their very recent and tragic ordeal of losing their father. After being admitted to Scarborough Rouge Valley Hospital in June, the struggle of this family went through trying to navigate our under-resourced and overburdened healthcare system was nothing short of a nightmare, ending with the death of their father in September. And this family is not alone. I know my colleagues across the aisle hear stories like this from their own constituents often. Families being told that hospitals are not allowed to transfer patients, that there isn't enough time to see the right specialist, that there is no beds available. I am deeply troubled that this government has cut back on the plan funding so critically needed for our hospitals, while at this time, at the same time telling public that they're increasing funding. This is a cut, plain and simple, coming at the worst of times. This puts families in peril and unfair pressure on the doctors, nurses, and support staff. I know and believe that this is not because our nurses, doctors, and hospital staff do not want to help, but we have burdened them with so much responsibility of giving the best care possible but tied their hands with less and less resources. Scarborough Rouge Valley is the third largest hospital in Ontario, and yet they receive zero funding, provincial infrastructure funding, over the last six years. During this time, the population of Scarborough increased significantly. This is a hospital that includes large number of low income communities and has been operating nearly double their capacity. So I implore the minister and the premier to start taking the health and well-being of the communities in Scarborough, like those across the province, with the compassion and urgency needed. Thank you very much. Member statements? Member for Barry Innisville. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I'm excited to stand in legislature today to tell you about an important initiative started by my good friend, Rick and Lillian Eckstein. They launched the Together We Stand Foundation. Lillian and Rick are proud first-generation Canadians. Their family was a victim of the Holocaust, and they're so grateful they chose to settle in Canada. In order to give back to Canada, they wanted to honour the behind-the-scenes heroes, families who find themselves separated from their loved ones, who are deployed abroad, defending and promoting democracy and our national interests. These families sacrifice time together to let us enjoy our freedom. Canada currently has over 2,000 highly trained Canadian-forced personnel serving a variety of missions. Their families will celebrate the holiday season separated from their loved ones while they protect our interests abroad. It's time we recognize their sacrifices. Over the holiday season, each family of deployed personnel will receive a wonderful package of gift cards filled with donations. If you want to learn more about Rick and Lillian's initiative, please visit www.twsfoundation.ca. Please join me in giving a round of applause and thanks, Rick and Lillian, for rallying Canadians from coast to coast to coast to support a cause that celebrates Canadian military families while their loved ones are deployed abroad. Thank you. Member for Algoma, Manitoulin. Well, Speaker, guess where I was yesterday? I was with the Premier and the Minister of Northern Development and Mines Energy and Indigenous Affairs as referred to by the Minister of Everything. That's what he was referred to by the Premier. Anyways, that certainly is a mouthful. Anyways, I was in White River, along with the communities of Horn Paine, Pickmobart. We were opening up the new mine over at Hard Goal. You know, Horn Paine and White River have always been recognized for a strong forestry sector. Now they're in the ballgame. Now they're also within the mining sector. Pickmobart and Hard developed a new partnership, a real business to business community to community, and I was proud to be part of the opening ceremony. There was a pipe song and a bear song, and I think the people who were there are a little bit taken back in regards to my singing skills with the drum. Anyways, there was one thing that was missing from there. There was a lot of dignitaries that were missing, but my friend, the member from Thunder Bay Superior North, Michael Gravel, was not there. Michael, I hope you're doing better. We are looking forward to seeing you back here. Now this was really about building relationships and partnerships, and there's another thing that was missing there. One sentence that could have been said by either the Premier or the minister, and that is very simple, and it's the biggest step that we can do to reconciliation and is recognizing that we were on the traditional lands of the Pickmobart First Nations people. It would have been perfect, and it's something that I put out, not to criticize, but just to tell the government, remember, remember our First Nations people, it is truly something and a relationship that we need to embrace. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Member Statements, member for Scarborough Centre. Thank you, Minister. Cancer is a disease which affects far too many people in Ontario. It claims too many lives and forces people to endure often lengthy and painful treatments. Everyone in this house would like to see a cure for cancer, but even as we hope for our doctors and scientists to find a cure, we must ensure that we are continuing to offer people with cancer the treatment and support that they need. One of the groups that provide support to young women with breast cancer is called Rethink Breast Cancer, and they visit us here at the legislature today. My colleague from Eglinton, Lawrence, welcomed them at their luncheon on behalf of the Minister of Health and Long-Term Care. Rethink Breast Cancer is an organization of young women who support other young women with breast cancer. They campaign for change and work to improve breast cancer services, treatment, and education for young women specifically. They remind us that young women do in fact get breast cancer and that these young women need support that is tailored to their specific needs. Thank you to Rethink Breast Cancer for all of the work that you do and must continue to do until a cure is found. Member Statements, the member for Thunder Bay Attic-Holken. Thank you, Speaker. This afternoon, I am proud to speak to the House about a new Confederation College Technology Education and Collaboration Hub. I had the honour of attending the grand opening of the facility last Friday. This facility will have an immediate positive impact on the workforce and business community of my riding and throughout Northwestern Ontario. Although some equipment has been moved over from the pre-existing buildings at the college, former President Jim Mathers is fundraising $5 million to fully equip the tech hub. The region's advanced manufacturing, technology, and resource sectors will be well served by the facility as it will host research, incubation, and technology transfer services. The tech hub will help develop a workforce that is skilled and employment ready in technology and trades. Importantly, it will provide specific programs for indigenous learners, including pathways for skills trades. The tech hub will work collaboratively with innovators in the region. Community partners will be invited to participate in research, development, and local entrepreneurs will be offered space to pursue their own projects. Overall, the tech hub will recreate opportunities and contribute to the development of skilled, employment-ready technology and trades that work first in our community and in Ontario. I would hope that the government contributes to ensure that the new tech hub is fully outfitted. Thank you, Member Statements. The Member for Simcoe North. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. This Saturday, members from across my body in Simcoe North will be celebrating former Mayor of Tay Township, Scott Warnock's retirement. Scott has spent 21 years tirelessly serving the residents of Tay. He has served nine years as Councillor and 12 years as Mayor. He has been a strong champion for Tay, has worked hard to represent small-town rural values, and has always focused on cultivating local awareness and interest. Scott has consistently emphasized the importance of transparency and building partnerships in politics and in the community. My first few months serving as a new member of Provincial Parliament for Simcoe North, Scott was incredibly gracious and always willing to offer guidance and assistance whenever and wherever possible. Scott has been unwavering in his dedication to his community. He has always worked hard to bring positive changes to the township of Tay. He has been diligent in creating connections and fostered good working relationships across our riding and across the province. I'm thankful for his service and honored to recognize him here in the House today. I also want to take this time to congratulate all the successful candidates who ran in the townships of Oral Medante, Ramera, Severn, Tay, Tiny, the City of Arrelia, and the Towns of Midland and Pennetang Machine, especially my mother, James Dunlop, who is the acclaimed Deputy Mayor of Severn Township. I want to thank all those who put their names forward to run these elections. It takes a lot of time, effort, commitment, and sacrifice. Regardless, if you won or lost, you gave all your communities a choice, and this is integral in supporting the democratic process. I look forward to working with all those who were elected as we continue to make the communities in Simcoe North thriving and prosperous. Thank you. Member Statements, the member for Kuwait known. My comments relate to the cancellation of Bill 4, the Cap and Trade Constellation Act. The Constellation Act means there is no legislation in the Ontario to protect the environment, especially in the North. Climate change will change. The climate change will continue to be a detriment of the people of the far North. I would like to give some examples on what climate change looks like in the North. An area that encompasses the far North region of the state of following some of the tribal council when they go for the nation's council. Quote, we are restricted to only two forms of transportation to connect us to good services, goods and services, economic opportunities, and our families to the communities in other communities. One is a very high cost of remote services. Two is unreliable winter roads. Due to climate change, winter roads have become unreliable, pronounced expensive and to maintain an impossible. The impact of climate change and rising temperatures are more pronounced in my region. The result, our winter roads are no longer cold enough to create consistent and long deep freezes to ensure our winter roads are safe and secure. So I just wanted to talk about that, the impacts of airports are a lifeline and we can't rely on those anymore. Thank you. The member for Carlton. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Mr. Speaker, it gives me great joy to announce that Tyson Lefebvre, a young man in my riding, is close to accomplishing his goal that has been almost five years in the making, raising $1 million for Make-A-Wish Eastern Ontario. Tyson was born with Cypher Syndrome, a rare genetic disorder affecting the shape of his head, hands and feet. At just nine days old, he went through the first of 27 grueling surgeries he would need. Fast forward to November 12th, 2012. Make-A-Wish Eastern Ontario made Tyson's dream come true when they flew him out to meet his idol, Adam Sandler. Shortly thereafter, Tyson, being the remarkable young man that he is, decided he was going to pay it forward. He set a goal to raise $1 million in five years for Make-A-Wish Eastern Ontario so that other children could live out their dreams just like he did. Since then, he has been working tirelessly, attending countless community events and even postponing surgeries in order to fundraise for his mission to a million. With only four days left and roughly $54,000 left to raise, I want to wish Tyson the best of luck and I encourage everyone to head over to mission2amillion.ca and donate to help Tyson reach his goal. Thank you. Member Statements. The member for Northumberland, Peter Burrow-South. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Yesterday in the legislature, welcomed multiple myeloma patients from across Ontario. They were here with myeloma Canada to increase awareness of the impact of this relatively unknown cancer of the bone marrow. Patients met with many legislators and government officials to share their stories and increase awareness of this incurable cancer. Multiple myeloma impacts thousands of Canadians each year. Due to the lack of awareness on this disease and its symptoms, many patients go undiagnosed for a long time. Myeloma Canada Research Network is actively conducting research to improve patient outcomes and currently has 24 centres across Canada. With increased funding for research to find treatments and better access to new medicines, patients may be able to live longer and spend more time with their loved ones. I'd like to thank myeloma Canada for taking the time to raise awareness yesterday to Martine and all of her staff at myeloma Canada and encourage everyone to take a moment to read about this, about myeloma and spread awareness in their respective communities. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Concludes our Member Statements for this afternoon. Reports by committees.


Welcome to the U.S. Naval War College, the Navy's home of thought. NWC Talks features our world-class experts examining national security matters. We hope you enjoy the conversation. Well, hi everyone. My name is Dr. Hank Breitman. I am a professor and EMC Informationist Chair here at the Naval War College. And today we'll have an opportunity to talk a little bit together about the challenge of corruption and leadership. This is an area that of course is near and dear to all of our hearts, something we hear a lot about, particularly in the media today. And spoiler alert, for better or worse, this is a challenge that's existed across time. In fact, it was the great St. Thomas Aquinas who said that nothing is incorruptible except for the virtue of the human heart. And that's the challenge that we have, the challenge of understanding corruption in today's world. And what's important to understand about corruption is it is an immortal challenge. It is a challenge that we faced across time, across space. So what does that mean for us? Well, in the words of Carl Jung, what we're referring to are archetypes or patterns. And as a pattern analyst, as an archetypal pattern analyst, my job today is to work with you to share images and patterns so we can better understand how corruption impacts us and how we can actually work together to make sure that we can combat corruption in an effective way. So what's important to understand about the concept of archetypes is that each of us has things about us that make us uniquely us. For example, if we were to consider ourselves a king in terms of our own temperament or personality, there would be strong elements of our personality. And those strong elements of our personality could be dominant. Yet each of us has a shadow or lesser developed part of self. And that shadow is often the part of our self that leads to the challenge of corruption. These images, these patterns take many forms, many shapes and stay with us throughout our life. Indeed, these patterns, these shapes that each of us possess, that each of us face exists not just in ourselves, but across communities, across history. And those patterns over time form the basis for what we refer to in the language of psychology as a complex. So what's important to understand is that we have always sought throughout our lives to deal with the challenge of this complex, this challenge of corruption. In America, we've had distinct patterns or periods where we've worked very, very hard to try and deal with corruption. One such pattern came at the end of the Civil War. And that pattern really is what we refer to as the anti-patronage period. In America at that period of time, we had just finished fighting slavery. We had the abolitionist movement. And out of that movement came a righteous indignation to really focus more on how do we reduce the challenge of corruption? Because we had many people at that time, whether we're talking about the famous Tammany Hall or we're talking even in Rhode Island who were dealing with issues of corruption, issues where we had people fighting for jobs that could not get those jobs because of a patronage system. And what that led to, in many cases, were teachers that could not teach, teachers that didn't know how to read and write, and of course, students that didn't learn either. Or even issues that we had in health and safety, such as in the meatpacking industry where we had challenges with workers who would basically be working in unsafe conditions. All of this anti-patronage movement, this corruption, if you will, led to the concept of the progressive era. And the great progressive fighter for many of us was Teddy Roosevelt. And Teddy Roosevelt really sought to create what we refer to as the meritocracy, a system based on merit, where those of us who were the best qualified for any position would receive that position. So the challenge that we have is even during this progressive era, there were those that would seek to corrupt that era. The famous example of that is Teepat Dome. For those not familiar with Teepat Dome, this was the confluence of personal and organizational corruption, where you had members of the Harding administration involved personally and organizationally in challenges of corruption. Along come a number of theorists, as a criminologist, several near and dear to my heart, including Emile Durkheim, who looked specifically at the challenges of corruption across organizations. And of course, Robert Merton, who looked at society and the challenges we have in society with going from being at the place we're at to a broader societal view. Kind of the cap of all of their work, all of their research was a theorist named Edwin Sutherland. And Edwin Sutherland looked at people and groups of people. And he said that individuals in groups, especially small intimate groups, tend to engage in corrupt behavior because this is learned behavior for each of these groups. And this is the challenge that we have continue to have in society today, when we look specifically at corruption individually and organizationally. So that is a challenge for us. And that challenge becomes something that we really focus on aggressively by trying to develop systems to combat that corruption. The famous example of someone who fought that corruption is a gentleman by the name of Max Weber. And Weber's model of bureaucratization really focused on trying to develop systems, engineering patterns and systems that would allow us then to actually ferret out corruption. If each person had a specific job, a specific function that was unique to them, that was unique to their ability, that allowed us to combat corruption because no one had any one area that they were too dominant. This approach led to what we refer to as the scientific administration period in corruption control. A belief that when we were doing things like building roads, doing things like building bridges during the great period of time that we refer to as the New Deal, we could use these engineering principles to combat corruption. And we use the same scientific approach, even when we talked about things like the Vanguard program to bring people to the moon, that if we had specific functions, specific activities in which people were engaged, that those people could then use that to combat corruption. And this worked to some extent because when we talk about things like the moon landing or we talk about things like the challenges we had in infrastructure, you can measure and assess and mitigate corruption. Yet, this challenge doesn't work when we're talking about social behavioral issues. Corruption is a challenge for us when we talk about society, when we talk about programs that impact people. And the great society period of the Johnson administration is a great example of that. One need look only at systems and processes around people to see the complexity they present and why using that scientific model just doesn't work for us. So along comes a theorist, many of us are aware of him, great philosopher by the name of Jeremy Bentham. And Jeremy Bentham's work manifests through a concept called the Panopticon was that if we did not monitor people, if we did not look at people as individuals and really understand that individuals may engage in corrupt practices, we weren't really doing the right thing to look at that human behavior element. The famous example of Bentham's work is the Panopticon, this concept that if everyone were monitored all the time in the example he provides in a correctional setting, this allows for us to really understand and monitor human behavior. This approach, believe it or not, was very much liked by Richard Nixon, who believed that federal employees, government employees left to their own devices would engage in corrupt practices. Nixon was a huge proponent of this model of trust but verify, monitor, assess, continually check and recheck. And his approach actually was further promulgated in the work of President Carter, who in 1978 created the Inspector General Act, promulgating that waste, fraud and abuse in federal programs needed to be a focus for the United States. What's interesting to understand and a harkening back to our earlier point is that corruption exists organizationally and individually. And in many cases we see, regardless of administration, the challenge of corruption control. So what does that mean for us? What are the challenges that we have when we deal with organizational corruption and personal corruption? The challenge is really understanding our mission. What is our organizational mission? What is our focus as an organization? And if we can understand our focus as an organization, we can then delve more deeply into its structure and is our structure aligned with that organization? Lastly, we can focus on the people, on the individuals that work in that organization and their archetype, their dominant areas and their shadow. Once we understand that, once we've moved to their archetype and their shadow, we can align organizations in a way that will help mitigate corruption. As I said when I started, there's no one common way to eradicate corruption. But there are methods and approaches that we can use. And the great St. John, the Golden Mouth actually talked about this, that what we need to have is the will, the will to fight corruption, the will to look at corruption at a unit level, at an individual level, at an organizational level, in a way to make the world a better place. But, harkening back to our endpoint with St. Thomas Aquinas, the challenge for us is really making sure that it's not just will, but action. And that ability to act is what ultimately allows us to create a society which is better, more holistic and leads towards action. My name is Dr. Hank Breitman. Thank you for your time today with NWC Talks.