Let's pray one of the prayers that Paul prays over the church in Ephesus and one of the things he prays, Ephesians 117 says that he prays and he says, verse 16, Do not cease to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers. The God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him. But the eyes of your understanding being enlightened that you may know what is the hope of his calling, what are the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints, and what is the exceeding greatness of his power towards us who believe according to the working of his mighty power. I know we've prayed this before, prayed this over us before, but we're going to pray just one aspect of it, right? Which is verse 19, he says that you may know what is the exceeding greatness of his power towards us who believe according to the working of his mighty power. And which he worked in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at the right hand in the heavenly places. We just pray and ask the Lord to give us a revelation, give us a knowing, which could be a knowing on the inside or even an experience that he may lead us to know what is the greatness of his awesome power, which is at work in us. And it's the work of the Holy Spirit, it's the power of the Holy Spirit. So yeah, so let's pray. Father, we thank you. We thank you, Lord. We thank you. Just like Paul prayed over the believers in Ephesus, Lord, we pray over each one of us right now and over our own selves, Lord. We pray in God that you would give us the eyes of your understanding might be open to God, might be enlightened to God, that we may know there'd be a revelation in our inner man about the hope of the calling, and particularly God, we pray that you would know the extent of the exceeding greatness of your power, Lord, which is at work in us, Lord, the work of the Holy Spirit, which is at work in us, that we may know what is it that we are recipients of God, that we may know the greatness of your power, God. Greatness of your power to enable us to walk in righteousness, the greatness of your power to make, oh God, spiritual choices, the greatness of your power, God, to do great exploits, oh God, greatness of your power, Lord, the same kind of power, God, with which you raised the Lord from the dead, the same kind of power which you anointed him, Lord, what we read in Acts 10.38, that he went about doing good, Lord, that we might know the greatness of your power. Hallelujah, Lord.  Yes, Father God, the greatness of your power, Lord, which is so pure, so holy, and infinite, unmatchable God, indescribable God. Yes, Lord, overwhelm us with your power this morning, God, overwhelm us with your power this morning, Father God. Yes, Master, we pray that we may experience your power in our bodies, that we may experience your power in our minds, in our spirit, oh God. Hallelujah, thank you, Lord. Thank you, Father God, thank you, Lord. Yes, Lord, many times we have underestimated, Lord, your power.  We thank you, we bless your name. And we receive your, yes, Lord, we receive it, God. We receive you, we receive it. Thank you for your presence and your power, which go hand in hand. We bless your name, we bless your name, God. We thank you. Thank you, Lord. Can I just decree, God, that you would enable each one of us to do great exploits, God, for the sake of your kingdom, great exploits, Master, as we declare in Daniel that they that know their God, Master, that we may know you in this aspect, Lord, that we might have fellowship, close walk, intimacy with you in this aspect, oh God, and that they that know their God shall be strong. Can I just declare each one here strong, not feeble, but strong, strong in spirit, strong in their soul realm and so strong in body, God, I declare each and everyone strong in the name of Jesus. And your word says that they'll be strong and do great exploits. So, Lord, yes, Lord, pray, God, that we will discover and walk in those good, good works that you prepared, great exploits. We decree that great exploits in the name of Jesus, in the name of Jesus. We thank you, Lord, we thank you, we bless your name. Let's just thank him for some time. Lord, we thank you, we bless your name, we give you praise. We thank you, Lord, that we are privileged to be recipients of this. We thank you that we are privileged to be walking in this Master. Hallelujah, thank you. What an awesome privilege, God, what an awesome responsibility, God. We thank you, God, we thank you, we bless your name. We thank you for the new life. We thank you, Father, God, for blessing us. We thank you, God, for Lord, for the regeneration, for renewing us, Lord. Thank you, Father. Thank you, Lord. We bless your name. We give you all the praise and glory. In Jesus' matchless name we pray. Amen, amen, amen. Awesome. Praise God. I believe it's, yeah, I do believe that for you it's been a good journey so far, right from the start of our course, till now, that it's been, you know, it's added another dimension to your life. I hope it's deepened your walk with God and deepened your understanding of the Holy Spirit, the person, the presence, the power of the Holy Spirit. And just like, you know, a way of reminder that we would choose to walk in, that we would intentionally choose to walk in all that we have learned and put to practice, right, that we will not neglect, especially in the area of the gifts and every other thing, right, that we will not neglect it, but we would remind ourselves and that we would choose to walk in it, okay, right. So today let's bring to a close what we've been studying about the gifts of the Spirit. Okay, we've been looking at how some of the foundations, right, we looked at love being a foundation, we looked at identity, and we looked at Christlikeness, right. So if you are following in the book, The Gifts of the Holy Spirit, we're looking at the chapter proper foundation and particularly we're looking at point number four, which is page 209, to maintain accurate doctrine, right, to maintain accurate doctrine. Okay, let me just project it so you can take a look. Okay, there you go. Okay, so to maintain accurate doctrine, you know, in 1 Timothy 416, Paul very clearly instructs Timothy, says take heed to yourself, which means, you know, you consider yourself, be careful about how you live, be mindful, and to the doctrine, okay, meaning the teaching and what you believe in, what you teach others, etc. Continue in them for in doing this, you will save both yourself and those who hear you. So the doctrine, it's very important and we are called to continue in it. Okay, Hebrews 13 and verse 9, the author of Hebrews says, do not be carried about with various and strange doctrines. Okay, so various and strange doctrines, which means that it's something that is not from the word or maybe it has a strange mixture. Second part of the verse, for it is good that the heart be established by grace, not with food which have not profited those who have been occupied with them. So when it comes to strange doctrine, when it comes to strange teaching, it actually moves us away from the words of grace, the words of faith. What is of grace and what is of faith moves us away. So avoid that. As much as we pursue Christ's likeness, as much as we pursue the presence and the power of God, the gifts, because Paul says desire is spiritual gifts, as much as we hunger for both, we need to be rooted in the word of God.  They were not anchored to the word, but they were sincere. They were sincere. They were hungry. But somehow they went off because they were not rooted to the word of God. So Paul, if you look at 1 Timothy 2 Timothy, you see that Paul, time and again, comes back to that. So be rooted in the word, rightly divide the word of God. So there is no substitute to grow in our personal study God and also to test what we are receiving and being open for correction, being accountable, being open for correction, whether it's prophetic words, or being open and staying in that place of humility is the safest place. Being closed in humility and being in that place of humility, while at the same time being rooted in the word and seeking and pursuing the presence and power of God, that's the right thing to do. Common errors could be grandia, megalomania, doctrinal deviations and also some new age teaching that are totally non-biblical. So move away from it, especially when it comes to dreams and visions and interpretation of dreams and visions. A lot of people sometimes what they do is just mix all these new age things, like this is what it means, this is what it symbolizes and so on, symbolically this is what it represents. But our souls is the word of God. We depend on the Spirit of God. We depend on the word of God. The word of God itself has a lot of, you know, a lot of symbols are actually explained, the dove, the serpent, the fire, the rain. Everything is explained in the word of God, is in the word of God. So we go by the word of God and not to any other source. We go with the Spirit of God because he's the one who gives us the interpretation. The longs to God. So like Joseph said, so it comes from him, therefore we depend on him. Another thing is when you look at the fruit of the Spirit, if you look at it, love, joy, peace, talks about self-control or self-governing ability. So self-governing ability, which is the fruit of the Holy Spirit, is very, very important. So this self-governing ability or this self-control enables us or keeps us in that place where we do not step out and become presumptuous or we are not moved by the things of the flesh or it's not an emotional impulse or emotional leading. All that is avoided when we have the fruit of the Holy Spirit which is self-control. So if the Spirit of God is not leading then we need to be secure in ourselves not to do anything. In the sense we don't have to prove anything to anybody.  But we can be secure in the fact that, hey, I'm not receiving anything. I don't believe that I should actually step out and do anything. So to be secure in that. So if the Lord has spoken, then we will obey and move and share or do according to the instruction of the Holy Spirit. Otherwise, we need to develop self-restraint or self-control and not do anything and be secure about it. Not be under pressure. And not think that, oh, I have not shared anything. So therefore, I'm less of a minister of God or I'm less of a believer. I'm a second-class citizen in the kingdom of God. Oh, nothing of that sort. So that's the thing. Another aspect is to grow within a local church community. We are the body of Christ, which means each one of us needs to be part of the local church. Each one of us is a member. 1 Corinthians chapter 12 talks about how we are baptized in the spiritual body of Christ. And practically, how do we live that out? Well, this is great in theory. It seems like, wow, wonderful, we are all part of the body of Christ. But practically, day to day, the way we live it out is when we are part of a local church. And that's where we can live out this spiritual truth of being members of the body. So members do not float around. Members of the body are attached to the body. All these practical things are possible or lived out when we are part of the local church. So being part of the local church also helps us to be accountable to one another, to help one another, to receive help, to receive help, to receive correction, et cetera. So we know that there is no local church which is perfect, with all works in progress, being mindful of that and being part of a church which does not compromise on the foundations and being part of that. So that will also help us. Hebrews 13 and verse 17 says, Obey those who rule over you. Be submissive for they watch out for your souls as those who must give account. Let them do so with joy and not with grief. For that would be unprofitable for you. So this is possible again, only if we are connected to a local church, only if we are serving in a local church, only if we choose to serve under the leadership of the local church.  So it's a biblical model. It's a scriptural design. It's God's design, divine design. So it's good. And that's a safety net again for us not to go off on a tangent and go off into error and bring a lot of damage to the body of Christ. So that's the thing. So that brings us to the end of what we have been looking at at the gifts of the spirit and also the aspect of the foundations for the release of the gifts, the right way for these gifts to be used for the building of the body. So any questions? Anything with regard to what we have seen so far or anything that any of your experiences that you'd like to share? Any questions at all? We can take a look at that. Just a minute, please. Yes, Divya. Thank you, Pastor. I just had a question regarding interpretation of dreams and such things. So as you had mentioned, the Bible records that God is the interpreter of dreams. So there are times when we get dreams that seem to be less than God and sometimes there can be dreams that seem to be from the evil one. So there, how can we discern and also basically the interpretation like how do we understand and whether we need to take any action upon those? Yeah, yeah. So dreams have different sources, right? Of course, you'll be learning more when we study prophecy and understanding the prophetic. So dreams have different sources. One is, of course, dreams do come from God because we see in scripture that God does communicate to us in dreams. Dreams do come from our own self because of our own, you know, through much activity of the mind, some things that we are preoccupied with, some things that we are maybe worried about, which we are fearful about, and we constantly think about and that manifests itself as dreams. Or it could be even, you know, something that's, you know, some substances that we are using. Let's say medicines or something of that sort, you know, which also costs, it's possible that it comes because of that. And we also know that it can be because of the evil one, right? So we have all these possible causes or sources of dreams. So but when God speaks, you know, like when we see, when we looked at the person of the Holy Spirit, he convicts he does not condemn. So even if a dream, in content-wise, it has something that is disturbing, from the Holy Spirit, it brings about conviction. It brings about, there is a sense of peace about it, right? But when it's from the evil one, it is always to create fear, to create intimidation, to cause us to react in fear, maybe to cause us to make some decisions out of fear and not out of faith. So we know that it's not from God. So the best thing to do, of course, in whatever case, might be is to pray and ask the Lord, because he would lead us, he would guide us. So again, it's like we see in all the other things when it comes to gifts or when it comes to being led by the Spirit of God. It again comes back to, comes down to relationship, it comes down to intimacy with God. So the best thing is to pray and to grow in that understanding of being led by him. So when we pray and ask him for interpretation, the Lord will confirm either through his word, through, so when we pray and ask, we are sensitive again when it comes to our spirit senses, like what we have been seeing. We are sensitive again, saying, God, you speak and what is it that you can confirm? He will confirm through scripture. He will confirm through his spirit and he will do that. There are some dreams which are there just for us, just to alert us and maybe to pray along that line. Pray for protection maybe. Maybe it's a disturbing dream, something like an accident or something like a disaster. But it could be that God wants us to pray, pray for our protection, pray so that that very thing does not happen. In the case of the famine, it was something that was going to happen. But if you see the redemptive side of it, there was that word of wisdom and the strategy which God gave, which Joseph shared, and that saved the nation. So that's the thing. The dream came as a warning, as something to alert the people and then also, because of the word which came, word of wisdom, which Joseph shared, the whole nation was shared. So that's the thing. So the interpretation would come from him. We can ask him, we can receive from him, and we can walk in him. So the Lord will confirm. So we don't have to be anxious about it, but we can be at peace and say, okay, God, my posture is this, I want to receive from you, I want to hear from you, and if it is from you, please confirm it. If it is not, I'm just going to put it on the shelf and tell you confirm it or tell you move me to action. That's the way to go about it. Okay, thank you, Pastor. Okay, so shall we move on then? So we'll move on to the next topic, which is from your notes, which is the anointing. That is something that we hear over and over again, the anointing or we use over and over again, the anointing of the Holy Spirit, which talks about the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit. When we say anointing, it refers to the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit. Anoint means to smear, actually. In the Old Testament, the anointed with oil and what was used in the temple or used in the tabernacle, the utensils, everything was anointed with the anointing oil. And we read about the anointing oil being a special mixture of spices and so on. And this was not to be used on, it was not to be for common use. So it was a type of the Holy Spirit and the work of the Holy Spirit. So we see that. So when we refer to the anointing of the Holy Spirit, we are talking about the presence and power of the Holy Spirit. So we read about how in Luke chapter 4 and verse 18, let's look at that verse, Luke 4 verse 18, the Lord Jesus is reading from Isaiah and this is in the synagogue and he reads out verse 18, the Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he has anointed me. So the Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he has anointed me. And then he goes on to say all the things that he has been anointed to carry out. So to preach the gospel, to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim the liberty, recovery of sight, to proclaim to set that liberty, to free people, to heal, to preach, etc. So he says he is anointed by the Holy Spirit. Then we move to Acts chapter 10. We can move to Acts chapter 10 in verse 38. So there, Peter is sharing this. So Peter says, how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil for God was with him. So anointing talks about the presence of God. Anointing talks refers to the empowering of God, the Holy Spirit. Empowered by the Holy Spirit accompanied by the Holy Spirit. So the presence of God and the power of God in order to carry out several things. In order to carry out an assignment. So in the Old Testament we see several examples, leaders who were anointed by the Holy Spirit. We see statements like the Holy Spirit of the Lord came upon this person and the person actually carried out the assignment. The judges, the Spirit of the Lord came upon the prophet and the prophet spoke and carried out conveyed the message. So we see several examples in the Old Testament as well. So when we see that we can infer that it is the anointing it's the anointing of the Holy Spirit it's the anointing of God that brings to work the works of God or in other words that really births the supernatural. Let me just I'll just project the notes just a minute please. So it's the anointing that births the I think it's coming up on your screen. Is the anointing that births the supernatural? We see Joseph, we see Moses, we see David, we see Elijah who went over and above their natural understanding or natural abilities or capabilities or sometimes even human abilities or capabilities. Like in the case of Elijah who ran faster than a chariot when the Spirit of the Lord came upon him or the strength that came upon Samson. So it is the anointing of God that brings about the supernatural. The anointing of God also brings about lasting work in the sense it brings about deep change transformation. It's the Spirit of God because we can people can be excited or we can excite people, we can cause people to be stirred up emotionally by some of the things that we do and say we can be moved by great oratory, we can be moved by emotional speeches and so on and it can last for some time and that excitement will obviously just go away. But when it's a work of the Holy Spirit it is lasting transformation it remains when the person perceives of course it depends on the person receiving and being open and submitted, yielded but the work of the Spirit brings about causes lasting work or work that remains for a maybe till the end of that person's life it remains with that person. So the Lord Jesus says this in John 6.63 He says that it's the Spirit that gives life.  So the words the Word of God brings about life brings about change and transformation as drastic as death to life and that is possible because of the anointing. It is also the anointing that breaks demonic yokes and burdens. Isaiah 10.27 which will come to pass on that day that his burden shall be taken away and his yoke from your shoulder and his yoke from your neck and the yoke will be destroyed because of the anointing oil. The yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing oil. Isaiah 59.19 also talks about how the enemy comes in. The Spirit of the Lord raises up a standard or a barrier or protection against it. So we see that it's the Spirit of the Lord, the anointing of the Lord that breaks the work of the enemy, breaks the hold or the yoke of the enemy. So it's the presence and power of the Holy Spirit. So it's not like that is why the Lord Jesus says that this will happen when the believers those who believe in me they will go lay hands on the sick they will cast out demons. It is the anointing, it is the presence and power of the Holy Spirit who indwells us that causes the work of deliverance. So it is not a formula of just chanting the name of Jesus over and over again but it's the presence and power of the Holy One who indwells us because the sons of Skaver if you read in the book of Acts we see that the sons of Skaver did the same thing they went about they didn't have the presence and power of the Holy Spirit because they knew about the name they chose to use the name without having the intimacy or the relationship and and the Spirit actually attacked them and they went attacked them to their clothing and so on so we read about that. So we see that it is the anointing that breaks the yoke of the enemy and we also see that there are varying levels of anointing in the sense in the Old Testament we read about how the 70 leaders or the elders received a portion of the anointing the God chooses to take that the anointing that was upon Moses and he also places that on the 70 others so this is for the purpose of carrying the load of the responsibility of leadership so he does that and then they start prophesying we read about that but we see that it was a portion of what was on Moses which was laid on the elders on the leaders we also see that Elisha had a double portion of Elisha's anointing in fact he asked for it and he receives it so this anointing comes from God it's not from man especially when it comes to a double portion a man cannot give it comes from because it is about the presence and power of the Lord well we need to be and we can be repeatedly anointed we see in in Elisha's let me read that be filled with the Spirit so which means that continue to be filled with the Spirit of God do not be drunk with wine but be filled with the Spirit so that word be filled meaning continue to be filled with the Spirit so it's a continual thing we can it's an ongoing thing so we can be anointed a fresh psalm 92 and verse 10 psalm says my horn you have exalted like a wild ox I have been anointed I have been anointed I have been anointed I have been anointed like a wild ox I have been anointed with fresh oil and of course in the book of Acts we have read we have seen that they were baptized in the Holy Spirit and they were anointed over and over again they were filled with the Spirit so this fresh anointing is available for us and it is it is available for the believer for us so it's up to us to receive ask and receive fill the fresh to do the works of God to do and carry out our responsibilities we see that when it comes to the anointing the anointing can be released or transferred or imparted through the laying on of hands or through people we see that that is also scriptural that that God specifically gives instruction for to Moses and to say and of course God can do it sovereignly and God can do it sovereignly as he did with the case of Moses and the 70 others 70 elders but God also we see both in the book of Acts and also in when it comes to in the Old Testament we see that there was this laying on of hands like Moses did for Joshua and and from that day we see that he was he was being seen as a leader the Spirit of God was working in his life so God can do that and God chooses to do that for whatever reason he chooses to do that so there is the release the transfer that happens because of through human vessels right so with regard to that we will come to I just want to talk about a little bit of safeguards and so on or extremes when it comes to when it comes to laying on of hands or transfer of anointing but we see that it is scriptural laying on of hands God uses human vessels to impart anointing there is something also called the corporate anointing the sense that as believers together when we seek God when we desire the presence of God the Lord I am just using the word show up shows up but really I am just using it quote and quote because we use it the Lord showed up but the role is always there but the fact is that he manifests his presence or we as believers experience more of or we experience tangibly the manifest presence of God we see that in the temple that Solomon built and inaugurated and during the inaugural worship time Second Chronicles 5 talks about that they all worshiped together and with one voice one sound the instrumentalist and the musicians they worshiped the Lord and we see that the presence of God filled the temple it was like a glory cloud filled the temple so much so that they could not continue to minister they were completely overwhelmed by the presence and power of God so we see that happening we see the early church coming together and praying with one accord let me just go to that scripture I think it is Acts chapter Acts chapter 4 and we look at verse 30 31 so they pray and it says that the place where they were assembled together was shaken and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and they spoke the word of God with boldness so they came together they were in one accord we read about it that they were in one accord with agreement in prayer, in supplications and they experienced the power of God the power of the Holy Spirit they were all filled with the Holy Spirit it just says that the place where they were assembled together was shaken in the sense the whole environment completely changed because of the manifest presence of God which was evident tangibly so we see that this is possible, this is available when we seek God together as community so we call we can call it the corporate anointing where God releases his presence and power in a tangible manner again it is for a purpose for the body of Christ for that local community to do things to represent him the world outside to go out and carry out do the works of God it comes with that and also their personal needs also being met maybe they carrying some heavy load in terms of oppression or some burdens, worries, cares everything just taken away in an instant and sovereignly God moving among them we see another example in Acts 15 or 16 sorry 13 now they gathered together Acts 13 and verse 2 and they ministered to the Lord and fasted and the Holy Spirit spoke so they were together as a corporate body talks about that they were teachers, prophets and some of them are named in verse 1 Acts 13 verse 1 and Acts 13 verse 2 talks about the fact that they were serving, ministering to the Lord they prayed, they were fasting, they were seeking God and God spoke and that was the first missionary journey, instructions for Paul sorry for Barnabas and Paul who was called Saul to be separated for the mission that God had for them so we see that there was an instruction which came as a result of that of the church seeking God together, fasting and seeking God together so so we see there's something called a corporate anointing so the presence and power of God is tangible when we say tangible we're saying that it's available or we can sense in our physical senses it's tangible at times it's tangible to our natural senses, definitely tangible to our spiritual senses coming like like heat surrounding us there's maybe joy and something like what they experienced in the temple there's a weighty glory of God and everybody is just still and they're not able to go beyond that that moment and they're just caught up with God and what he's doing in their hearts doing in their lives and we read in history also we see about the tangible manifestation of his presence so we see the tangibility of the anointing so it is possible that we're completely overwhelmed either physically with our physical senses and that God makes himself known to our physical senses and also definitely to our spiritual senses where we experience the presence of God in a powerful way I think these are some things that we have already seen on the ministry gifts and so on okay before we move on to the names of the Holy Spirit about the anointing about the tangibility of the anointing I'm going to look at one more I'm sorry yeah any questions any doubts no questions at all okay fine okay somebody has a question okay yeah please go ahead thank you pastor yeah sir I want to ask a question yeah the question is on transferring of anointing is it possible or can we choose someone that we can I'm sorry can you just repeat that is it possible can we choose someone by ourselves to be transferred to anointing maybe I choose someone maybe one of my congregation and I just say come let me maybe I want it is it possible yeah so we see that it is possible we see it is scriptural like when we read about Paul and Timothy Paul talks about the time when the elders gathered together and laid hands on him and prayed over him and Paul reminds him in the episodes first Timothy, second Timothy reminds him do not neglect that which was imparted to you when we laid hands and Paul also tells him very specifically do not neglect the gift of God which is given to you by laying on of my hands laying on the hands of the eldership so yes it is it is possible but also it depends on the on the recipient as well the recipient is also seeking God is also walking with God so which is what I want to like address in the next session so just want to talk about the mechanics of that we are not going to go too much deeper into that but really talk about what is the double portion and some of those things so yes it is possible that when we lay hands and pray but we need to understand that it is God who anoints and it is not that I who push it on people it is God who anoints it is God who takes care of that right but then he uses us as human vessels to lay hands and pray and so on so yes to answer your question yes it is possible yeah thank you sir ok sir you are welcome so we will take a break for 10 minutes and then we will be back at 10 and we will continue with it thank you


Beltrami County's Relay for Life event changed venues this year and actually saw more people attend the event than in recent years. After eight years of holding the annual Relay for Life at the Sanford Events Center, organizers made a switch to the Beltrami County fairgrounds. As a result, the event drew more participants than expected. The overall event is being viewed as a success and will likely return to the fairgrounds next year. For a location we found figured out was really beneficial. Everybody seemed very positive and the comments were it was welcoming, like the feel of it better. It was more cohesive and just an overall awesome feeling. So far this year's Relay has raised over $69,000. If you missed out on the Relay would still like to contribute, you can do so by visiting their website listed on the screen.


Hey Zach, this is Megan with Oxymor Toyota. I just wanted to send this quick video greeting just to personally introduce myself. It has come to my attention that you're interested in trading in your 2011 Infinity for our pre-owned 2015 Volvo. When you can, go ahead and give me a call. You can reach me at<PHONE_NUMBER> and I look forward to hearing from you soon. Have a great night. Bye!


Hello and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following problem which says the difference between any two consecutive interior angles of a polygon is 5 degrees. If the smallest angle is of 120 degrees, find the number of sides of the polygon. So, let us begin with the solution. Since the smallest angle of the polygon is of 120 degrees and the difference between any two consecutive interior angles is 5 degrees, therefore the angles of the polygon forms an AP. The AP series is 120 degrees, then we have 125 degrees, then 130 degrees, then we have 135 degrees and so on. We have to find the number of sides polygon. Now the sum of n interior angles given by n upon 2 into 2a plus n minus 1 into d, where a is the first term of the series, d is the common difference which is equal to 5 cents. The difference between any two consecutive interior angles is 5 degrees. Now the sum of n interior angles of a polygon is given by 180 degrees into n minus 360 and this is equal to n upon 2 into 2a plus n minus 1 into d, where n is the number of angles of the polygon. And since n of polygon, the number of sides is equal to the number of angles, therefore we shall be finding this n and that will be equal to the number of sides. Now let us substitute the values of a and d. So we have 180 degrees into n minus 360 is equal to n upon 2 into 2 into 120 plus n minus 1 into d is 5. Or we further have 180 n minus 360 is equal to n upon 2 into 240 plus 5n minus 5 or we further have 180 n minus 360 is equal to n upon 2 into 240 minus 5 is 235 plus 5n or this can further be written as taking 5 common from the LHS we have 36n minus 72 is equal to not taking 5 common from there, we have 5n upon 2 into inside the placket 47 plus n. Now 5 cancels out with 5 or we have 36n minus 72 multiplied by 2 on cross multiplying is equal to n into 47 plus n or we have 36n into 2 minus 72 into 2 is equal to 47n plus n square or this can further be written as on simplifying n square plus 47n minus 72n plus 144 is equal to 0 or we have n square minus 25n plus 144 is equal to 0 or now splitting the middle term can be written as n square minus 16n minus 9n plus 144 is equal to 0 or now taking n common from the first two terms we have n minus 16 minus 9 into n minus 16 is equal to 0 or we have n minus 16 into n minus 9 is equal to 0 so this implies either n is equal to 16 or 9 now reject n is equal to 16 now let's see why we have rejected n is equal to 16 let us possible n is equal to 16 then the AP is 120 125 130 135 and so on up to 190 and 195 just try to make the polygon with these angles the first angle is of 120 degrees then the next angle is of 125 degrees the next angle is 130 degrees and since the angles are going on increasing so a stage will come and the two sides form a straight line suppose this is 180 degrees and after that we have 185 degrees so this angle will look like this and then we have 190 degrees and then we have 195 degrees so this is a figure which is formed by this angle now as we can see this figure is not close since the n points are not intersecting each other therefore n is equal to 16 is not possible you try to make it with the help of a scale and a d so it will become more clear to you hence our answer is only n is equal to 9 that is the number of sides of the polygon is equal to 9 so this completes the session hope you have understood it take care and have a good day


Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rossell here in the usual location Last summer I made a series of videos about the somewhat creative approach I took to solving my home internet connectivity problems. What I did specifically was I took my existing internet connection which was a DSL router and I added a cellular router, a 4G cellular router from TP-Link Then next thing this is a synopsis of all these videos. I added a load balancer also from TP-Link in the middle of those two devices and then I wired out my internet from there. I now have a Access point delivering Wi-Fi and an Ethernet switch delivering wired internet So to my surprise that video, one of those videos about the load balancer TP-Link ER605 has actually proven to be the most viewed video on this entire YouTube channel at the time I'm recording this video. There's 21,000 views and it's probably gonna go up So I was really surprised and I guess the answer is that more people than I realized have a need for What was technically called multi-wan internet connectivity. In other words, you're not just relying on one ISP You're relying on two or more forms of external connectivity Just like I'm doing with my ISP Going into load balancer and the cellular in case the ISP drops it kicks in on the cellular and for the most part It works wonderfully. It's been set up now for a year. I periodically check the TXRX transmission Received log just to make sure that the cellular is actually being used and it is but you know Just to about one or two percent of the total at airtime. So Basically the internet is working fine now one upgrade I've been planning for a while and this is what this video is about is upgrading the antenna on the cellular router So the 4g right now I'm actually just gonna overlay a few graphics on this video because I've just installed a new antenna and everything is nicely connected. So I'm not gonna touch Touch what's working. The cellular router I have from TP link is called the TP TP link TRMR 100 it is a 4g router if you can afford a 5g cellular router for this same purpose Go ahead and buy a 5g router Just make sure that you're buying a 5g data plan or otherwise you're gonna be paying More money for the same as you'll get on 4g So I picked up a TP link TPTLMR 100 cellular router and What you want to do if you want to get an external antenna now the reason I Would recommend doing this is because what you're going to get with the cellular router is a couple of very small antennas And they'll do a decent job. They'll pick up 4g but think about who's buying these cellular routers It's gonna be actually believe it or not a lot of buses Yes, you heard that right for things like buses, right? If you're if you've ever been traveling by bus and they have onboard Wi-Fi That's obviously not coming from a wired internet source because the bus is moving So what they would do in that situation is they have a cellular router sitting somewhere in the bus And that's what's actually providing your connectivity So that kind of an instance you want something that's going to physically sit on a shelf in the bus Let's say and be stable now if you're using a cellular router in a home environment You don't kind of have that constraint so it makes sense to use the best 4g antenna you can afford now all you need to do is Connect the antenna to the router. It doesn't matter the antenna can be located outdoors So if like me you're this is this box that I'm always showing my videos is my home office And it's not really an ideal place to pick up cellular connectivity just because it's small Where the riders are sitting in that little metal thing behind me. It's on the ground. It's not near the window So what I actually did was bought a 4g antenna now I don't want to make this video specifically about the TP link TL MR 100 because that's one of many Cellular riders on the market what you're going to need to do is look up the spec sheet or the technical sheet Or the user manual one of those that come with the hardware and it should specify what the Antenna connection is it's probably going to be SMA SMA, but there's a few other type of connectors The next thing you need to do if you're looking to buy an external antenna is decide whether you want an internal or an External antenna there are if you are lucky enough to own your home There are waterproof Antennas for 4g that are designed to literally be out in the elements and you're probably going to get superior connectivity Just because you don't have all that interference than what you'd get if you had something sitting within a couple of recessed walls Wherever you live and wherever the rider lives So that's basically all there is to it. You need to just to summarize this you need to firstly go ahead and see what the connector is Make sure that you know if you're selling a rider there might be ones in the market I'm sure that have the antennas internally built in but most of them probably including the TP link TL MR 100 have come with Come with little antennas this big But you can simply remove them and wire in an external antenna The next thing you're going to need to do when specking out your antenna is to make sure that firstly it's legal You don't need a license to install this antenna in your property And secondly that the antenna is going to cover the frequencies for whatever Data plan you're using in your cellular router because the different antennas are going to cover different Frequencies and that's pretty much all there is to it if everything goes well You should find that using a more powerful external antenna Especially if you're going to be deploying it outdoors is going to give you improved connectivity Versus using the built-in one in my situation using the TP link MR 100 Even though I wasn't able to install an external antenna by simply using a third-party more powerful antenna I was able to jump from 3g connectivity Using the antennas that came with the router up to 4g connectivity Which is a lot faster and that just means that it's a little improved into my overall system But it does mean that whenever the ISP connection drops on my network and we fail over to cellular The cellular connection at a fairly good 4g connection is a lot more usable than 3g And therefore the difference in Speed of the network when that occasional failover happens is going to be even less noticeable again This is a little incremental improvement. I've done to this dual ISP or dual one home network setup If you find this video useful, you want to get more videos from me about technology and all of the subjects I covered here, please subscribe to this YouTube channel. Thank you for watching


So this is going to be a talk by Kurt Opsal who's an attorney with the Electronic Frontier Foundation and Yeah, the talk is called through a prism darkly give him a warm round of applause, please Thank you Thank you very much. Thank you for coming out here. It's great to see so many people I am Kurt Opsal. I am attorney with the Electronic Frontier Foundation. We are a nonprofit civil liberties organization dedicated to defending your rights online And I have been involved in litigation against the NSA spying program since 2006 And we've learned a lot over that time some of it actually first coming out in 2005 a lot of it coming out this summer And so we'll talk a little bit about what we know start out with the background where that where the program originated some of the Code names some of the spying laws that purported to enable The programs we're going to talk about basically two types of programs some which are purportedly authorized by law from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendment Act or FISA and the Patriot Act And then some which are not authorized by law but are done by executive order Which is just an order from the president to go do it and there's a particular executive order Which is dealing with collecting intelligence around the world on people like you And then finally we'll talk about fighting back what we can do to stop the spying So the background after 9 11 President Bush unleashed the full power of the NSA unleashed the eye of sauron to look around the world and Try and find everybody all the time The NSA had been operating under some constraints at that point Some of those constraints actually were from the original Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 which came about after a number of scandals Encourage Congress to reign in the NSA And they went ahead Beyond FISA ignoring FISA with what was called the president surveillance program A subset of that program was later called the terrorist surveillance program and that first was admitted by the president In 2005 The TSP was actually a tautology. It was that portion of the larger program that surveilled terrorists And so it enabled them to say things like the TSP only surveils terrorists Because by definition any part of it that didn't surveil a terrorist wasn't part of the TSP the TSP was done without any court warrants Without any of the legal authorities and niceties that generally are happened in a you know rule of law type of government So why did they do it or how do they do it? Well the main inspiration came from The fortuitousness of having US companies sitting on top of the wire This comes from one of the original Prism slides that came out back in June and it shows the paths of Communications between various regions in the world and the amount of bandwidth and as you can see the very large wide orange lines are Focused on US and Canada and what this means is that a lot of communications around the world Even if they're not going to and from the United States Even if they are going between two other regions will likely pass through the United States because that is the cheapest path That is the one that is going to be the more efficient path And that allows the companies who are sitting on the wire to look at what's going past So they started doing this program and they were doing it for a number of years In super secrecy so secret in fact that the the legal department the general counsel of the NSA Was not allowed to see the legal reasoning behind it Very few people within the US Department of Justice were allowed to see the legal reasoning behind it but eventually that broke down and Some of the people in the DOJ started to see The memos that that explained why they thought this was legal and there's actually a very interesting incident in 2004 Where the acting Attorney General got a hold of the reasoning and there was one aspect of it that he just couldn't buy and that was And you know just this is not a you know civil libertarian. This is a law and order, you know Conservative really ready to surveil kind of guy But it was still too much and it was that they had come up with a definition of Acquire such that the process by which Previously they didn't have it and then later they did have it was not an acquisition and This allowed them to get the stuff without acquiring it and thus not have to worry about those laws that talked about what you had To do to acquire things So he didn't buy it and he refused to sign off on the president surveillance program So at that time the White House counsel Alberto Gonzalez One side. Well, I'll go over his head He was the acting Attorney General because the actual Attorney General was in a hospital with pancreatic cancer and our pancreatitis and So they raced to the hospital and this was actually Done with you know sirens and lights blowing through red lights to get there first so what Gonzalez was trying to get the Sick Attorney General to sign off it and come a was trying to get there to prevent that from happening come a did get there first the Attorney General did not sign off on it and They threatened to resign if the program continued with this particular aspect Eventually the program actually stopped Going under that theory and there was a gap for a couple of months until they developed a new theory Being able to obtain the same information And we never found out about it because people did not resign however, about a year later The New York Times first revealed the existence of the PSP and they focused on content collection collection of content of internet communications and telephone calls And this caused a lot of fuss at the time This is when the president came out and said well, there is a terrorist surveillance program But don't worry it only surveils terrorists We're already discussing what that really meant and then in 2006 USA Today Revealed the call detail records program. That's the records of who you call how long you spoke when the call was And they named several companies that were participating in it AT&T and Verizon And this is when actually in that time period before the USA Today article But after the New York Times is when EFF first filed suit against the program in 2007 They decided that they were gonna say okay. We'll put it under the FISA court. That's the foreign intelligence surveillance court It is a secret court. We'll talk about that more in a moment And then to try to bulk up some of the legal problems they passed the Protect America Act This is part of sort of the American tradition of having these sort of vaguely Orwellian names And that was a one-year extension and then finally in 2008 they passed FISA and That added some additional authorities most prominently section 702 which will which we'll talk about So as we go forward a couple of code names to sort of keep in mind the original program The president surveillance program was known as stellar wind And you can think of it as having four parts and I've made a little grid here So like on one hand you have either telephony or internet and then they divide it into content and metadata and then within the grid you can see some of the Databases and applications that that information goes into now This does not mean that that's the only thing inside these databases so Marina You know takes in information from other sources as well, but this is where those things go into a Couple other code names to point out. There's one which is evil olive. This is for Geolocation one EF is one and foreign So in order to help justify their program They try and focus on one and foreign or at least one and foreign they use evil olive to do that I like evil olive because it has some neat characteristics. It's a palindrome It is also an anagram for I love evil So I think there are some people there have a sense of humor and Then fascia. This is the location database of where you are And the fascia it seems to be a reference to Well, it came too many words of fascism think to be really fair So boundless indeed boundless in format was one of the programs or one of the databases that was revealed This is a color map showing a heat map showing where the sig addresses are Getting information for sig addresses is a collection point There are 504 sig addresses which are being reflected here and this adds up to Billions of pieces of information and this is actually only showing it for a very short period of time now You might you know as you might imagine some places like Iran Is is in red Pakistan in red, but as you can see there is a lot of countries Which are considered to be US allies that are Getting more than just a little bit. You can see Germany there in orange So so too with the United States the same color as China So here are some spying laws There's the wiretap act that was one of the the first laws that we have in the United States To regulate when the government can listen in on your phone calls that passed in the 60s And it was largely for law enforcement in the 70s There was the foreign intelligence surveillance act that was born from some of the scandals that were discovered in the early 70s In the 80s came the electronic communications privacy act that was trying to modernize communication law to deal with email communications The USA Patriot Act passed in the wake of 9-11 in particular that had a section 215 which turned out to be very important to their spying program when that was passing that was Referred to as the library records provision people were thinking that this was a provision that might allow the Program to get records of what you checked out of libraries little did we know that it actually was far far worse The protect America Act this was a temporary measure the finite FISA amendment act brought another section section 702 Which we'll talk about which is the rules about spying on non-americans And then also executive order 12 triple 3 That was an executive order actually signed a long time ago by President Reagan It's been updated a few times since but it provides the framework for spying Outside of the legal frameworks passed by Congress So where we first found out about this came from Finding out about a splitter that was in room 641 a of AT&T's San Francisco facility Whistleblower mark Klein came to EFF with some documents showing how the splitter was hooked up where One copy of the light stream would go to the NSA and the other copy would go to its destination And even provided a photo of the room you can see the room is The door has no handles it was controlled access you had to be approved by the NSA to get access to the room Even to the point when there was a leak And it was actually causing some damage to the rest of the facility They couldn't get someone to go in there and fix the leak until they had gotten clearance and it took several several days to do so This graphic explains how it works in Sort of simple form you have all the nice people at the top Their communications go to the AT&T facilities the splitter takes the light beam makes two equal copies One of which goes to 641 a and the rest goes on So how much are they able to get by sitting on the wires and putting in the splitters? Well, the NSA says you know, it's not that much. It's only about 1.6 percent of the world's internet traffic But it was worth pointing out that that that actually turns out to be a lot of information First of all only about 12% of the traffic is web another 3% communications almost everything is video streaming And about two-thirds of those communications is spam So you can sort of bet that the NSA actually has some of the best spam filter technology in the world and Even if we take them at their word and say it's only 1.6 percent That's still 30 petabytes a day that they're ingesting and that is just of the internet traffic flow And as we know, they're also getting phone calls Call records and location So where do you put all of that data? Well, that turned out to be a problem And so they built this new facility out in Utah. This is Just broke ground the summer they finished it up in September It is a about a 10,000 square meter server space Various estimates have been given about the size of it could be up to 12 exabytes Uses a lot of power And so Brewster Kale you guys familiar with the internet archive the way back machine Anyone all right. It's good service. They store a lot of data and Brewster knows a lot about storing masses amounts of data and he estimated just for the US phone calls It would take four or four hundred sixty four square meters to store and process that That's a lot less than the total facility. So what is the rest of it? Well, it's all of your calls It's all of the internet data And what do you do with all that data? Well, so Ryzen and likbao two New York Times reporters Explained what they could do is comb through it in a large data mining operation John you who is one of the legal architects working for the Bush administration Described as plucking out the emails and phone calls that have a high likelihood of being terrorist communications So this is what they're trying to do And how do they do it? Well one of the ways they they do it is by playing a little bit of a word game on what they're doing Holding without collecting That is to say they were able to say to a number of congressional committees and other statements that they weren't collecting all of this information And then they later had to sort of explain what that meant So the director of national intelligence He said think of it like a huge library To me collection would mean taking the books off the shelf Now I don't think that's how most people would think of a collection like if you went into a Library and you said, you know, wow what a what a nice collection it is You can sort of imagine that Clapper would have to say no it's not I haven't read all these books yet when asked about How many Americans data were in there the director of national encounter McConnell said We can't know We can't know until we look at what's in there And so it's sort of if we don't look at it. It doesn't matter Instead they all sort of focus on what they are targeting And so these are so this is a slide that is giving some of the numbers about the selectors For targeting and you look at these numbers and they know they're fairly substantial numbers 15,000 19,000 But not supremely huge numbers and that is because what they're talking about is Targeting but when they are targeting something they're hitting a lot more than their target and so they try to minimize the amount of The the scariness of it by talking about the selectors But when one selector can mean a lot of information so Let's talk about FISA 702 FISA This is the section of the law the past in 2008 that Is set up to design designed for getting the content of communications Outside of the US and they have two sources. You should use both Upstream and that's sitting on the wire the fiber optic splitters we talked about earlier and then prism Which was revealed this summer and that is collection from the service providers And prism and involve collection both through 702 orders and Also through through other means they were were gathered in there. We will talk about those in a bit and it had some Targeting and minimization rules So one is that that the statute said, you know, you have to be targeting foreigners And so they interpret this to mean as a 51 percent chance or more That something is for it and so if it's slightly better than a coin flip Then they assume it's for them and unless it's proven otherwise So if it's unknown if they can't figure it out one way or the other then it's foreign and Then if if they can't tell exactly what it is because it's encrypted Well, they'll just keep it around forever until they do and to get these orders They go to the FISA court now the FISA court I've not seen it, but someone who has was helpful enough to drop make this drawing of its entrance This is the secure door. You can see the hand reader there He passed the code the court meets inside a Faraday cage. It is a highly protected it right now It is in the the court in Washington DC for a long time Actually for the first like 20 years or so it was inside the Department of Justice so In the same building as the attorneys who were going to get orders from it Then they finally sort of saw it. Well, that that seems to be maybe a little bit too much to see like we're working too closely together So we'll move it to a to a new building It was established under the FISA Act and in its original idea It was about spying on spies. So, you know, other foreign intelligence agents, maybe diplomats sort of the traditional notions of Foreign intelligence, but its role was massively expanded especially after 9-eleven and It is now being used to do far more And it goes in there and it is basically a rubber stamp court They go in there they provide the application They have a phenomenal approval rate It is an ex parte court what that means is only one side gets to argue They only get to see what the government has to say without any counter argument And they tend to just believe what it says now after some of the Revelations this summer the FISA court felt that it was necessary to sort of explain itself And in doing so they said basically the court does not have the capacity to investigate issues of non-compliance They don't know what what is doing They're basically unable to provide oversight nevertheless the government often points to this court as saying this is where we get the oversight Now there's a couple of definitions within the foreign intelligence surveillance act that that are important One is the United States person So this is what it is interested in protecting. It's not that interested in protecting you It's interested in protecting US citizens or permanent residents groups with substantial numbers of US persons or US corporations And then what it's trying to get at is foreign intelligence information Now that includes the things that you would sort of expect it to include national security terrorists But it has another provision here things that relate to the conduct of the foreign affairs of the United States Now as you might imagine that is an extraordinarily broad Definition almost anything could relate to the conduct of the foreign affairs of the United States And if you ever you've listened closely to when The government is trying to explain what they're looking for and what they're doing. They will be using examples such as going after terrorists including national security But of course also including the foreign affairs United States So we talked before about how it had to be 51 percent or more foreign So how do they figure that out? Well the hair we saw the X key score dashboard and it has a handy pull-down menu Where it has a pre-selected reasons why someone might be 51 percent or more foreign and all they have to do is Select one of these and then that as a pre-proved good reason and then they move on so you just go there select the one you want move on It's very hard to make a mistake because all of the answers are correct and then There is the targeting procedures So here's an example of what they mean sort of by targeting something. This is an example about Sweden and What they targeted was everybody in Sweden Who went to this particular? URL so you put in the URL in one field you put in the country code in the other push the go button and now you have a targeted collection One of the searches that was revealed in the document Sort of shows how broadly this can be it was looking for communications that had the word Ericsson, which I believe they were referring to the Swedish manufacturer and not just the last name And the word radio or radar and you can sort of imagine how many communications say to or from somebody named Ericsson might have the word radio in them But rather than miss any they're getting all of them and this is what they mean by targeting things Once they obtain the information they process it the slide is showing sort of how it goes You can see some of the databases we mentioned earlier marina mainway Nucleon so it goes through these various processes and then ends up in the database where it can be retrieved later Now I'll turn to section 215 of the Patriot Act They said this was originally thought of as a library provision. It was to allow them to produce tangible things And it had what was thought to be a restriction on how broadly could be used these things had to be relevant To an authorized investigation It was imagined to be similar to a grand jury subpoena Which is sort of the typical process by which a prosecutor could get records from You know from the phone company, you know, they get one record about one person at a time Then we saw the Verizon order and the Verizon order show what they meant by relevant was Everything all the calls of all the people all of the time All the information about them Dumped on a daily basis with the order being constantly reviewed renewed every 90 days So that sounds like a lot of information, but hey, it's just metadata So in the defense of the program President Obama said well, we're not listening to your calls We're just sifting through so-called metadata like how he adds sort of the so-called in there sort of make it Somewhat dismissive in it. They keep on saying we don't listen into the calls does not include the content But let's let's examine some of these explanations what say one of them was We're not getting the identity of the people involved Well, that that's nice, but it's possible that the NSA has access to phone book technology and they can cross-reference things They also said no location information Under this program More recently it was revealed then that well under a different program. Well, that's a that's another story They said well, it's only a few hundred selectors But then once they have each selector they take it three hops and so that's everybody you call everybody They call everybody they call and so on until one one selector Can be hundreds of thousands if not millions of people depending on how? Frequently they call people how many different people they call over the years and years of data that they are collecting So they had some legal basis for this defies a court Originally, they approved it by basically saying yep looks like it you know meets the statute go ahead And then you know the program got revealed There's a lot of public controversy and only then did they issue an opinion that that purported to have some some legal analysis They the first opinion came out sort of discussing some of the legal issues. They said yeah, you know relevance doesn't actually mean anything So it was okay, and then some people pointed out. Well, gee, you know, you didn't look at Supreme Court case that had talked about USB Jones, which is Supreme Court case that talked about how you couldn't you needed a warrant to go after people and Surveil them with GPS. So then they issued another opinion trying to deal with that This is after the fact justifications, which they felt were necessary because of the public controversy Not a true analysis that began looking at it skeptically from the beginning When it came to an open court Things were a little bit different. We've now had two court rulings that have looked at it in open court One good one bad So the first opinion found that it was likely unconstitutional And then earlier this week there was another opinion that unfortunately went the other way These are going to go up on appeal And we hope that the right decision will eventually be reached So I was taking a moment to talk about why it matters. So they're saying like it doesn't really matter It's just metadata. It's information about your calls, not the content itself But actually metadata matters a lot. And so we have some examples here on how Well, if you just know when the call is Who you're talking to what time how long you spoke you can get a great deal of information About the meaning of the communication effect It may be easier to figure out what you're talking about than listening to the content if you listen to the actual words people are speaking they may Be you know mumbling there might be some static on the line. You have to sort of parse it It's kind of a pain, but with metadata You have some hard facts and you can make inferences that can often tell you a lot more About the meaning of the communication than actually parsing the communications themselves So the final authority under this three-part system is executive order 12 triple 3 so this is It's an authority in some sense, but it is not a limit on spying it Unlike the foreign intelligence surveillance act Where it is trying to put some limitations and say there has to be the limitation and targeting and so on It is not a substantive limit It suggests you use the least intrusive collection techniques feasible if you know something Extremely intrusive is the least intrusive. Well, then so be it and It's okay. So long as it's in accordance with procedures So they can come up with procedures and once those procedures in our place Then they've satisfied the requirements of 12 triple 3 and then also helpfully at the end of 12 triple 3 They mentioned that if they if there's any violation of it, there's no substantive, right? You can't sue to say that that this was unlawful because they violated executive order 12 triple 3 So under that authority they do a couple things they do some bulk operations So we found out about some of the phone call operations 70 million calls and France 60 million in Spain Apparently with the assistance of the French and Spanish intelligence service They're using this to get financial records through Swift Swift is the cooperative owned by several several thousand financial institutions So this is getting information about your credit card transactions and what you're spending and where But that wasn't enough so they also needed to get some of the information from the internet providers So we recently learned about the muscular program And this was going into the data links between tech company data centers if you guys have been to several of the Talks here. You've probably seen this Graphic quite a bit. It's a pretty good one. They point out where the SSL is added remove add the little taunting smiley face This smiley face I think has come back to bite them It has been interpreted as a bit of a taunt by the companies and the companies have responded By encrypting the links between their data center increasing the adoption of HTTPS by default By using strict transport security adding forward secrecy We recently did a survey our crypto web report that's shown there on the slide You could the green check marks are for the companies who are doing some of these things The column on the on the left is for encrypting data center links There's a lot more check marks there than even when we started the survey though. There are some notable exceptions on there You'll notice that all of the Telcom providers well, they have a lot of Black red marks and unknowns. I don't think that they're going to be pushing too hard for additional encryption We learned about the co-traveler program This is the program by which they obtain a location information from a wide variety of sources And they automate guilt by association So if people are traveling together hanging out together and they don't like one of them Then they now don't like the other one and they look at the speed and trajectory of two people's cell phone patterns and Then say oh, they're traveling together So a given where we all are the cell towers around here has now done a lot of new Co-travelers to their database. So sorry about that. You're you're now part of this program They also have started looking for disposable cell phones Which is for one of the things that many people are trying to do in order to protect themselves from surveillance Maybe if they're a journalist, they want to talk to a source starting using disposable cell phones Well, they're trying to make that more difficult They're looking for phones which are being switched on you make a call you switch it off And they're looking for situations in which you've been using a phone for a while And then you stop using it and then a new phone Connects so if you are going to be switching to a new cell phone Don't do it at the same time leave the old one on for a while If you're trying to avoid being tracked on a phone leave the phone somewhere Instead of turning it off and on again and then they have the targeted operations So in addition to the bulk collection they use some of the information obtained in the bulk collection to go after specific people We know about our going after Chancellor Merkel's cell phone since before she was the Chancellor using American diplomatic buildings They have spied on at least 35 world leaders And they also has been revealed that this is not just for counter-terrorism not just for international espionage against adversary states, but economic sparring on allies And this comes back to the definition of foreign intelligence information Which includes anything having to do with the foreign affairs of the United States So economic spying falls within that system They're doing man in the middle of the great slide that came out from Brazilian TV flying pig Which was a program that was organizing some SSL certificates in order to basically get around SSL They own the router then do the attack One thing that came out from the flying pig. I think you compare that with prism It suggests someone in the codename department is a fan of Pink Floyd album covers We've also learned a bit more in the last couple of days about the tailored access Operations the Dow of NSA This is where they are doing particular targeted operations We've known about some of them against the Mexican president's email OPEC others One of the ways in which they are targeting is using the Google Pref cookie the advantage being that almost Everybody who uses a browser at some point in time is going to encounter some Google ads get a Google Pref cookie It is theoretically anonymized, but it is unique enough to have it become a point of target And then once they have a target they use the quantum insert This is a diagram of this. This is one of the ones that just came out yesterday showing how the quantum insert method works when your communication is going to a Website they get in the middle. They are sitting on the wire So they're able to operate faster than the in this case Yahoo server get the tainted communication Back to you and direct you to the Fox acid server the Fox acid server is then Program to serve up the appropriate malware The the actually the codename for the program that serves the malware is called the ferret cannon So the Farron Karen shoots the malware, which is appropriate for the circumstances What they are trying to do is make sure that they don't burn too many things So if they think that you're a sophisticated user which they may think for many of the people in this audience They're not going to put a sophisticated attack on there in case you find it and then it becomes known to the world Depending on the value of the target. They may use something which is a zero-day or they may use something which is not that important and Then bull run This is sabotage Inserting vulnerabilities trying to make the cryptosystems upon which we all rely Become well worthless putting the pseudo and pseudo random So we have learned some pretty compelling evidence that Dual EC has been horribly compromised and not only that that RSA was paid $10 million to continue to have it be part of the standard And then apparently in 2010 using the sabotage program They were able to break through vast amounts of data. We still don't know exactly what that is But it is Well, it's allowing them to look at things which seem to be encrypted on on the wires They've also been very interested in going after Tor The good news here is that Tor the fundamental security appears to be intact They are going after the Firefox bugs that are with the Tor browser bundle using Firefox We actually have an example of this technique that was was revealed in the NSA slides being used On freedom host which was using a JavaScript bug To identify people who went to dot-onion routers that were being hosted on freedom host When they were doing this it was rather not discriminatory Anybody who went to freedom host whether it was one of the targeted sites where it's we're Serving child porn or if it was somebody who was using it for an opposition site an activism site All of them got this bug and they were used to track them back And I think this this is a little bit dangerous We we made actually this was a the graphic at the bottom is a Modification that we made of the NSA graphic to show why this matters Is that it's very hard to tell the difference between a terrorist with the tour client installed and an activist with the tour class all But it's important not to treat them the same and to realize that activists use and depend on Tor We've also heard from the government that there hasn't been any abuse heard that for a while and then an audit came out finding that there were 2776 Incidences in one year of unauthorized collection and this was just in the DC and Fort Meade area which was one of or two of several NSA areas Things there's a one thing. This was not abuse So somebody mistyped a country code instead of putting in 20 to indicate Egypt They put in 202 which is the area code for Washington DC And they got all of the communications in Washington And this was deemed to be no big deal because it pertained to metadata. So there were no defects to report So when you hear the government say things about there, isn't that a mess abuse? Remember that they might be doing things we're saying well This wasn't the category of things that rise at a level of abuse But you might not agree well what their standards are it also reveals something rather amazing about the program that you could actually have Something by making a typo between 20 and 202 There's no further check you put in 202 hit the the return key and off you go without it saying You know, are you really sure that you want to do this? This is putting tremendous power in the hands of Analysts without much oversight And then another form of abuse that came out that he was cute because they had even name for it love it Where there were at least ten incidents where people were using their NSA superpowers to look after their ex lovers and spouses and see What they were up to and you might say well, you know ten incidents It's offensive but not not that many but keep in mind that these are ten instances of self reported ten times People came and told them that they had misused their powers This is not ten incidents that they have found after thoroughly scouring what everybody was doing and then finding what was being done One of the things they're also using for is discrediting radicalizers So they look at what they call radicalizers and they look at things like their visits to porn sites Look at their online promiscuity Try and find things that will make their voice less Valuable and what they deem are radicalizers are people who speak to extremist communities And so it's not so much that they are doing anything illegal themselves But there might be inspire somebody else to take some views that the NSA doesn't like And using this to undercut their message. So what are we doing about it? Well, one thing that we're doing is working on legislation and activism EFF worked with the stop watching us coalition and we got over half a million petition signatures Delivered to the US Congress. It's myself and our activism director rainy Reitman delivering those signatures in the US Capitol We have been interpreting What the meaning of both what the programs are and what the laws are for the public so they can understand The bills we've been looking at US law. So there are two bills currently That have prominence in the US Congress trying to address it one is a fake fix From senator Feinstein and representative Rogers. It is designed to actually do nothing about the surveillance Sort of the answer to it being illegal is to pass laws to make it more legal And the other from senator Leahy and sense and Brenner which is actually trying to reign in the NSA Those bills are going forward. So watch watch for them and hopefully through the Leahy and sense and Brenner bill We can get some improvements and get some US laws that will reign in the NSA But there's more than just the US laws. We're also pushing forward a 13 principles for International spying. This is basically principles to be adopted by various countries legal systems on when it is appropriate to Conduct surveillance making sure that it is only when it is necessary and only used in a manner that is proportionate So please go check out necessary and proportionate net to read the principles If you agree with them, you can sign Over 300 organizations have signed on to it and these principles have become the basis for a UN resolution There are also some legal processes that have been going forward the privacy International has submitted a claim to the European Convention on Human Rights and the organization of American states has been holding hearing But in addition to Lee whoa Sorry about that There we go In addition to the legal and policy efforts, there are things that we can do with technology fighting their their technology With better technology now one of them here is HTTPS everywhere. This is an EFF project As a browser add-on that you can use to make sure that any site that can be HTTPS is HTTPS But there's a lot of work that still needs to be done and hopefully some of the people in this room can work on these projects I think most importantly is to make these technologies easy to use So there are technologies that provide end-to-end encryption for phones for instant messaging and text But they're not very easy to use and to make them so basically that anybody can use these technologies In fact that everybody is using these technologies and then try and make sure that we're adding additional encryption to data at rest to data in transit Looking well, and we found out actually if you went to Jake's talk this morning We did a lot of works to secure things like our disc drives our flash memory our hardware We need to shore up our crypto tools against sabotage Take a close look at all the standards that have been promulgated by NIST It looks like that process has been compromised and we need independent open source tools that people can trust So and there is a lot that you can do you can start and I think a lot of you already doing this by paying attention There's a lot going on a lot of information, but absorb that information Look at it share that information You all probably know somebody who knows a little bit about this and should probably know more Also vote make sure that your representatives know that this is very important to you And they can put pressure on the US government to try and rein in the spying and this is actually we've already seen some of this some of the governments including Germany have been putting pressure on the US to stop spying as much and Well, hopefully That the economic pressure is really what's going to do it Diplomatic pressure is nice and then I think needs to be done But also what we're seeing is a lot of economic pressure coming from other countries Where it's affecting us businesses and that's something that Congress does listen to Another thing that's very important to you is use all of these tools We want it so that these Encryption tools safety tools and atomization tools are used by everybody Not just by people who who the NSA is trying to target But that we are all using encryption all of the time now some forms of encryption are becoming quite common place Like transport layer security, but end-to-end encryption is rare So start using it start using it more frequently and get your friends to use it and then finally build the tools Build the tools that are going to make a future that you would want to live in We have a choice now of moving forward to a future which is going to be like a dystopian Philip K. Dick novel Or we can have a bright future a future that has privacy for future that has security And you can build the tools to get to the future that you want So thank you Okay Thank you very much for this very interesting talk So we have still a lot of time for questions We're gonna start with the internet people in the room can line up behind one of the microphones and ask your question Do we have a question from the IRC or Twitter? Speaking at a Orchicon in June John Perry Bollard Bletch the EFF would do more to fight the rock for the rights of non-Americans The question coming for I thought from the IRC now is what if anything the EFF following through on this promise? So I'm sorry to the question was fighting for the rights of non-Americans Yes Yes, indeed. So we have been working on and I think probably most prominently is the necessary and proportionate project putting forth the 13 principles and organizing the 300 organizations To sign on to the principles promulgating them to various countries around the world And now also to the United Nations to get countries to adopt these principles Also, we are trying to stop the programs through the court system And if the if the programs stop then this will affect both ends of the calls And so we're hopeful that by finding that these things are unconstitutional That this can put a significant rain on the program Okay, microphone three, please. Yes. Hello. Thanks for the great lecture. I loved it one command when I read to the name of the cell phone tracking program Faschia Some little history when Benito Mussolini started his fascist work in Italy in the 1920s and 1930s the name of their groups was Faschia debattimento You can read it in Wikipedia. So perhaps they've chosen this name by accident. Perhaps not. I don't know Well, okay Two short questions. Is there any evidence that they used their knowledge of everybody of everything to To choose the politicians or managers they would like to have because when there is an upcoming politician Who is perhaps against surveillance or against America against anything they could just link Bad news to the media for example, which point he watches in the night in his room first question second question The genie program they spend 600 million dollars in 2011 to insert the backdoors in hardware Is there any evidence that they backdoor the bios or the firmware per default? In this case, you don't need to care about any encryption because you get all the key keystrokes from the bios Okay, very good questions on the first question I have not seen evidence that the current program has been used to undermine people except for the six people who who were not identified but mentioned in a Basically the radicalizers that we're talking before But the slides did not identify who those radicalizers were On the question of have they undermined it there is unfortunate history if we look back at Jay Edgar Hoover, who is the director of the american federal bureau of investigation for decades He actually did get information about some of the More embarrassing materials about people he needed to work with And is alleged to have used that information to obtain, you know favorable budgets for the fbi and things that he was Wanted so there is a unfortunate and dangerous history of that happening But we haven't seen direct evidence that it has happened right now And on your second question about worrying about Going on attacks on bios I don't know if you saw jakes talk from earlier today But it was revealing a lot of stuff about their misuse of bios and attacks on hardware So I would suggest you take a look at that talk and the slides that were revealed in today's der spiegel Thank you Thank you. So question from the internet again One question coming from isi Wasn't how could an individual detect or help to detect censorship if any if of any form for instance on broadband connection So how can you detect censorship? Um Well, it's an interesting question. So I guess if I'm interpreting this question correctly It's that how would you know if you are Going across a broadband that what you are Obtaining is what you expected to obtain and we can see from the quantum insert that they can modify What you are receiving when you go out into The the web and give you back something which is different from what Was originally planned to be given to you and I guess the way to to do that is from checking things through alternate channels Uh, if if what you're receiving is something different from what somebody else is receiving Then that may suggest that one of these things has been modified. Uh, so It's a way of detecting it Is my understanding that for most of this when they are are injecting packets and giving things which are different from What you're intending It's designed to be sneaky. It's designed to not be detectable and if you're changing What is being transmitted then that is somewhat detectable Though there's another form of censorship that is going on and is very unfortunate Which is the self censorship of intimidation that happens when you know that your communications may be monitored And then you may not go and get the information that you need And this is why it's very important to use tools tools like the tor browser Use encryption technologies so that you can go and get the information you need with more confidence When number four, please Yes, um, I was Interested about the programs that they have like a gtps everywhere and stuff so that um, maybe one day We'll have encryption by default But I was also thinking maybe maybe wouldn't it be possible To just spam the nsa by by having a demon service running on my computer That's sending our emails with the buzzwords in there and encrypting Nonsense and sending it over so the nsa will save it because it's encrypted Are you working in such a program because I think at the beginning the people who are using it Will be exposed and so it would be good to have an organization who is who is running this At one point of a time so that many users join at the same time And not no one is is really exposed to the nsa as an individual So I've seen a number of proposals along these lines trying to basically Overload the the channels with the type of information you might expect that they are Looking for and one thing I know if you saw the size of the utah facility They have a tremendous capability Of storing data. They have a tremendous capability of processing data So take an incredible attack to have any sort of meaningful denial of service So what we've really been focusing on is trying to do the first thing We're talking about is get htps by default all over the place all of the time One thing is the project like hps everywhere turning something which is Optional htps and making it by default through the add-on and the other is putting the pressure on companies to make it the default And as you go check out the encrypt the web report that I mentioned earlier And you can see a lot of check marks in the by default And actually a number of those were changed within the last couple of months were changed in reaction to what's going on So I think sort of the better use of resources is try and get as much encryption all the time all over the place Microphone too Yeah, I get two questions. The one thing is about economic pressure so Just to clarify what you're saying is That in reality one should for example exclude Windows products from all international Acquisitions with on information critical systems as you should do anyway, but So that they will not be able to sell it as an example for economic pressure And the second one. How about legal pressure Criminal legal pressure for individuals that clearly Work outside the scope of the law For example, would it should we all shouldn't we all perhaps file criminal Criminal accusations in our national legislations and see if those anti-terror laws work in our favor for once Yeah as activists proposal So, let me let me address these. Yeah, absolutely. So the first one economic pressure And I think actually this is this is the most effective It's something that we know that the u.s. Government does listen to it is concerned about the economics of the u.s. Companies and one of the things that actually was extraordinary is We had a number of u.s. Companies eight internet companies. They they signed a A statement asking the government to stop the spying I think in part because it was affecting their interests And the sabotage program that the nsa has been doing is sabotaging These companies ability to sell things around the world because they trade we have these products They are secure and then it turns out in fact, they're not secure. They're backdoor. They have these problems And that would be a reason why someone might not want to use these things That will have I think a potent effect Going after people criminally. I mean this is this has been tried There have been complaints that have been raised against members of the bush administration stemming from both some of the Earlier allegations or you know earlier revelations about spying and also about some things having to do with like the iraq war and so on This hasn't had a substantial effect on on policy so far Thank you. Okay. Thank you one more question from the internet, please What do you actually think about I think of efforts like canoe net to solve the fundamental problem of unencrypted by default internet traffic So the question is what do I think about? Sorry say that again What do you think about Efforts like canoe net to solve the fundamental problem of unencrypted unencrypted by default internet traffic So I'm not familiar with canoe net Um, I do think that uh on the whole we want to have it be the standard that all internet traffic should be encrypted Right the the internet was built in a time when it didn't seem the encryption was a You know necessary feature. It was an additional feature But it should become a default feature and we should try to change the standards to include encryption as a basic future of communications Okay, then one last question from microphone three, please Hi, um, so you mentioned a bunch of um, very nice examples where legal terms are reinterpreted in ways that Don't make very much sense. Like for example, when you said they acquire data without Using the word of acquisition and stuff. Um, so my question is um, why do they even come up with these pseudo legal escapes? That every reasonable person would think are um, illegal. It's just that they have an excuse once things become public Which they weren't supposed anyway. So why did they prepare for the excuse? So so what is all this legal framework for? For example, my expectation would be that the nsa or The agencies in general just do the stuff they want to do And um, of course and the next question is if there is more stuff outside that framework that's not pseudo legally, um, allowed and still done Well, so it's a good question and So why play the word games? There's a couple of reasons to play play the word games. One is internal and the other is external I'll look at two of them that we talked about one was uh acquisition Without acquiring and the other was sort of collection without collecting um I'll start with the collection without collecting This was used externally so that when they testified before congress They could say things like we're not collecting this we're not collecting that when in their heads They were secretly meaning by collecting, you know this crazy definition And then the the senator or representative who was asking the question Was thinking that they were meaning collection in the ordinary sense And so really they weren't doing this this thing that they were in fact doing And so that later when it came about they could not be brought up, you know, saying they lied to congress And so there was you know, there was one incident with the director of national intelligence Clapper where he kind of got into a bad way where one of the senators Asked him a very direct question About getting the information on phone calls and he said he denied it and then turned out that that was happening But by and large they're using these word games in order to be responsive But without giving the information that is really being sought But then you have the acquisition without acquiring now this was done in secret This was part of a secret memo that was only reviewed by a very small group of people And the reason I think for for that Is because believe it or not there are still some good people out there even within the government people who Need to see an explanation as to why this is legal Even if they are not morally opposed to to the surveillance They do believe in the rule of law and those people need to have this sort of explanation And they tried to do this in two ways by coming up with the Well bs explanation and then keeping it secret until well, don't worry. You're pretty little head about it We have this secret explanation that's all good And then one thing that that is useful about that is that Hopefully some of these people The ones that are good who do care about the rule of law are now starting to see Alternate views about what these these are Alternate views about the legal analysis. It might be saying that hey What we were doing was wrong what we're doing was beyond the law And then remember that the oath that they took was an oath to the constitution Was an oath that respects Free expression and respects privacy Okay, thank you very much for your talk. Thank you everybody