Yeah, excited to kind of kick things off. I guess I'll do a mini intro. I've been that with just tech for three years now in the manage managing the support team. So kind of the day to day in regards to the help desk tickets coming in and things like that. And just keeping track of inventory management and other other critical systems and trying to make make sure things flow smoothly for for kind of end clients. Miguel go ahead and do a little intro on your side. Sure, my name is Miguel Castillo and I work as the, excuse me, a tech support specialist at just tag for seven years now. I basically enjoy the, the idea of investigating, especially their solving problem solving and the various network environments of our clients. And outside of that, just a quick thing I enjoy hiking listening to music, great and proud dad 19 year old. Thank you. Hi everyone, my name is Blair Sordetto I am the current operations manager at New York legal assistance group. So I handle everything all of the administration operations facilities and technology for office. We have a staff of over 400 people and a few offsite offices as well. My background is actually in music so I come from like house management from performance venues and event production as well. Right. So a little bit on the agenda side. I'll try not to read the slide but kind of just in the direction that we're kind of going through just a little explanation on what is inventory management kind of from our perspective and some of the knowledge that we've kind of discovered along our ways. I think it's important how, how we kind of use it and potential tools to consider. And we'll kind of talk a lot about me as simple as an Excel worksheet to actual applications and services that you can pay for to help help keep things and tracking items as well. And kind of ideas as to when, when we think it's important to use it as well. So I guess to kick things off we do have a poll. So I guess, Shelley if you want to run that. So the poll questions here. So just to kind of get a base of seeing where people might be. And if you don't have any kind of inventory practices currently at the moment. Just focusing major, mostly on laptops desktops or servers. If you have kind of laptop desktop server hardware but then kind of other hardware as well. And then if you are kind of tracking everything in regards to hardware software and even files and data and things like that. Tim, those polls don't seem to be functioning. So if we could just have people put in the chat what they're using. Okay. No problem. Okay. Do we want to give a little time for that or jump to the next one as people type in. I think people can continue putting in what are you doing for inventory management currently, and we'll continue on. Okay. Over here. Yeah. So we'll start with question why is inventory management important. And we'll go over the following four reasons as to why cost saving on boarding off boarding audit reporting to funders and security. At this time I'll talk about cost saving. So we all know that within the nonprofit world, finding ways to save is crucial. But this reason implementing and maintaining an inventory system. So important as you build it. You'll notice that you'll be able to use it as a tool for planning ahead. So to be clear, once you know what you have, you will then be able to analyze what items you need to be replaced due to age. And then from there you can decipher what budget you need for the upcoming fiscal year to replace with your. So by having this figure in mind, even if it's just an estimated ballpark, your team can then work on grant funding fundraising. And you can use that by planning. You will find yourself in a position to find those devices, excuse me, in both versus purchasing items on an as needed basis, and tech resellers to provide hefty discounts. One makes such a purchase. In return, this will help save your organization a great deal. Another reason why inventory management is important is in regards to onboarding and off boarding staff. So it's really helpful to keep track of knowing what inventory you have on hand or in stock for your new hires. So we're talking about laptops, phones, headsets, that type of thing. Who has what devices and where they are? Does the staff have it in hand? Does it live in an offsite office? Where are the devices living? And finally, knowing what needs to be returned when someone leaves the organization is all very helpful to keep track of. So when you have an accurate inventory, you're able to better plan for unique situations or accommodations. So some examples would be like standing desks for medical accommodations or maybe there's a special software that someone needs to have downloaded on their computer, able to keep track of all of that. So in regards to some of the auditing and reporting for funders, we have definitely ran into request where the funder may reach back out and say, I would like a report as to kind of where the funds have were spent in regards to a grant or things like that. So being able to kind of easily access a inventory system. And again, whether it's Excel and actual tracking, sorry, I have a fly flying around me, whether it is just as simple as an Excel sheet or something in SharePoint. I think I saw a couple of people mentioning the actual platforms as well. Kind of really whatever works for your organization, being able to easily pull a report as to when you purchase the certain group of computers and being able to pull that and send it back to the funder and saying these are the devices we purchase, these are where they're being used. We have found that to be a lot easier when requested, being able to just easily export that out. And kind of elaborating a little bit on what Miguel was mentioning. It has, it does help for when the equipment, when you're looking to get new equipment, you can kind of pull reports on when hardware is going to be kind of reaching its age of end of life, being able to justify some of the costs for new equipment and things like that. And, and again, kind of what Blair was touching on, like, if there are an uptick in headphones needed or docking stations and other things and laptop chargers being able to know different general patterns that you can kind of keep tabs and tracks on. And that could just be even adding a little note or to occur in certain inventory device and stuff like that. And I guess diving right into the security aspect. I mean, security is obviously a big thing these days and and it really just ranges from not only just tracking the hardware but just tracking like really everything in the orb you could trying to make sure that you're understanding where your data is being used and accessed from and stuff like that. So could probably talk on security at a broader scheme but just kind of keeping it a little more focused on the inventory management. I mean, we've been just keeping a very track of devices that gone missing or potentially stolen, which hopefully doesn't happen a whole lot. So just knowing that those devices had certain measures put in place and having the tracking system being okay we can that one we can mark as it as being stolen. We know that things like bit locker and drive encryption and stuff like that were were in place and just being able to track that and and have reassurances is always is always good to good to do overall. And just in the sense of tracking things and a lot of times you might have to work with like your, your it vendor whether it's in house or out of house but if there if you were in ran into a scenario where you were part of like an attack vector of some kind, just knowing where things are, like you have certain printers and switches and and servers at different branch offices and stuff like that. I think not worrying about what's where just having it all into a system has really helped us a lot and just being able to really track everything. And you can go as far as knowing the who has access to what. So you can kind of track the people and okay these these group of people have access to these devices and stuff like that so you can get really granular, or you can really just keep it to the basics again. One of the an org preference, but we have found in the security sense that being able to really get down to the details and track as much as we can has helped us a lot. Overall, and even as far as like applications from a security standpoint just getting out of the hardware entirely and just touching on the application side. Like if you have critical business type applications and, and again tracking who has access to what, what kind of admin level permissions they might have, as well as even just things like updates and patches that making sure you're staying on top of those things. And that can all be part of the inventory tracking overall. Just kind of pairing the hardware to kind of what Blair mentioned about staff onboarding and onboarding, as well as even just application stuff like that it can all be kind of lumped under kind of an inventory type tracking aspect overall. Right. So we're here for the next poll question. Has an auditor comment commented on your inventory management. You can chat us your responses, it's either yes, no, or what's in order to expand. Great. So, when to use inventory management will touch base on these topics budgeting planning and procurement staff onboarding reassignment and off boarding and moving equipment and setting up new equipment. So, as Miguel mentioned earlier, having an accurate inventory also assists for budgeting for any type of purchasing for new equipment and updates, and especially if we're able to keep track of purchasing dates warranty dates stuff like that. Regarding planning, any consistency and predictability you can add to the onboarding and off boarding process is really helpful for all the teams involved. Knowing what assets you have on hand in advance of start and end dates helps to better meet these deadlines, because your communication and preparation have the space to happen in a predictable amount of time. For example, in my situation, all the communication is liaised between HR it and administration. So I communicate to each team what needs to be done and when and also reach out to the staff member that's affected and make sure to communicate their return or pickup of technology and other items. The ideal scenarios would be to have all the equipment and software prepared and ready by the time the new hire starts or firstly when someone leaves that the technology can be easily returned and or shut off immediately after their term is ended. So touching a little bit more on the staff kind of onboarding and off boarding. We kind of used, we implemented kind of Microsoft forms as a way that have been working pretty well. You can kind of link the form to a flow and the flow can trigger certain aspects of notifying certain people. You can have the flow actually trigger an email to get approval before the flow continues to to proceed through the next steps and notify other people. There's different aspects that you can really do in regards to kind of the forms and flows and there's lots of other tools. So don't don't always I don't necessarily recommend it. I think there's different options across the board. And even on if for for a company that is using like Google workspace, there's definitely options under that umbrella as well. We have found it very helpful being able to kind of track just simple things like the staff and what they need in regards to like docking stations again. If they'll need certain licenses and 365 for a Visio or project and little things that you can kind of adjust the form as you go. So one of the most helpful check boxes to to make sure that to try to avoid missing little things and making sure that the account, once it's set up. You don't have to go back and try to tweak things overall. So that has helped us a lot over. So I'll talk now about reassigning and authority equipment, as well as moving and setting up. So once staff person these the organization of devices are returned, and then eventually reassigned to the next employee. But I didn't want to paint a scenario where, for example, equipment has been purchased. And so there is this older computer older laptop that a super might have had. And give them a new one. And as we saw that formers then reassign to the same intern. So that is one scenario where reassigning takes place. Another way to look at this is, if now they have the equipment and that older equipment you see that it really does not work. If it doesn't work properly then we know that at that point, it's best to recycle. If it's still good enough, but within your age limit of your devices. It's already surpassed that, but it's still functioning of course, you can always decide to donate. The main thing here that I want to point out is, no matter which scenario is happening within the organization, all of this has to be recorded in your inventory. And it's ideal, because even let's say the items are being donated or recycled, and you're removing them from the inventory. I can mention for me as an example with one system that I use, I can dispose of the items that are no longer on my inventory list but they haven't been permanently removed. So if for auditing reasons as I need that information, I can always have a backup. Now, when it comes to off boarding old equipment. For mine I can say that once you have purchased the equipment as a result of planning ahead and budgeting like I mentioned earlier on. The next step would then be you know contacting your cycle company to pick up the items. You can also shred your hard drives for those older computers because as we know, there's a lot of confidential information. And you can always get a certificate as a result confirming the destruction. And I'll just repeat with having an inventory system, even if it's just removing from your company. You still want to have that as a record in case you get audited with moving equipment. As Tim mentioned earlier, having the form will help to know what equipment is needed. And from my experience is best practice to have created as early as possible with an effective date. That allows the IT department to do the whole process of whether it's going to be physically moving something. But most importantly, updating the inventory. So if there are a number of moves, something that we've done is try to scheduling them on the same date. If there's too many for one days and scheduling back to back days. The idea is to create a smooth process. Make it as efficient as possible. So moving and setting up new equipment. The tool, the inventory management tool will be extremely useful because you'll be able to check beforehand what equipment you have in that location, whether if it's available, or even when it will be available. And then if you see that you don't have certain equipment, you know what needs to be brought in to that location. It also allows you to analyze all of your devices. And if you happen to have asset tax, which you can use with an asset management system that have the identifying number and just make it easier to track. To, as I was mentioning earlier, find what that location has, you'll be able to find that in minutes and you're asking using that type of system. In the case where new equipment is being set up and you need to plan accordingly to create names for each device and end or asset tag to identify. These are new equipment. Computers, as an example. You can be able to add them on to the inventory as well. The idea is, you're always updating inventory because the more up to date it is the easier it is for you to plan ahead to strategize as there's new equipment you need for, let's say the next fiscal year. The information that you take down for your inventory can, you know, it all depends on you, but usually the main is making model serial number. And so I'll just end that with an inventory management system, you can usually make a hand help with it as well. And that will make the process of recording. All these transactions these moves and setting up a lot easier, and you can then upload onto the system through the hand. So we have our next poll question. How does your organization do inventory management. Do you use commercial asset tracking software. An example of that may be asset cloud. Do you use general software used for tracking so something like Excel or SharePoint SharePoint lists. Do you use paper or sticky notes. I don't know, or we do not keep inventory. And I know that question is a little similar to the one before. I think the one before was actually more asking like what type of items you actually do track. So if you already did clarify like Excel or an asset tracking system, by all means maybe share some of the things that you do focus on tracking in regards to hardware and or other items like that. So, how to do inventory management will go for two ways, a system based approach and the magic here on the screen you see a screenshot of an example of inventory management system called the asset cloud. This happens to be the main view or main tab called view assets. Using such a system allows to enter in as many different asset types. And then within that you can give each device an asset tag to identify each device and then include the site and it's you have different branches the location was the current assigned person. And so the thing is the data purchase which is always important and they to replace, if you have a five year limit and put that that that will show that will help you be able to track your devices better. What is also helpful is that you can continue to enter new assets, as you continue to purchase items. Again, like I said earlier again, I just want to repeat it. If you have items that are being recycled. You're able to dispose of them from any of the management systems. In this case, I have been to use as the cloud. So now that I've spoken how asset cloud in no way I just want to make sure I'm not recommending it to the system like I said I've used and just wanted to share some example. I'll do a quick mention of other examples of inventory software case you would like to do the search on them. Some examples are fishbowl inventory. Zero with an axe axe hero. Web agility. WB has a boy agility GI light by acid panda and so ho inventory to be. At the same time, I'll let you know that there does exist a more advanced software where geo locations. And this is built into your devices bios so that you can track the asset even if it's reform. So in other words, if someone steals it, or this place and someone else takes it reformat it. You can go to tracking. In such examples of that type of software, our absolute cart graph, that's CRT, then graph GRKPH, go codes, geo CODS, and clear path GPS. These type of systems will be more expensive, but worth looking into. Lastly, if your organization realizes purchasing inventory management software is outside of your budget, there is the manual approach to each layer. Great. Thanks, Miguel. So I saw in the chat a lot of folks do use Excel. So this may be very familiar to you. I use a combination of SharePoint lists and Excel, which you can see a couple different screen grabs of on the slide. So when I started at NYLAG almost three years ago, I was very organized, organized myself with lists and sticky notes and journals, and very quickly realized that with our organization's expansion and the sheer amount of people I had to simultaneously on board, off board and move every week, sometimes upwards of 20 people every week. In addition to my other responsibilities was just simply too much to keep track of in my little head. Because a lot of this information is not all available at one time, you're just like as the information comes in piece mailing it. So there's just constant updating through each stage. Now I have switched over and I use a combination of Microsoft SharePoint lists and Excel as my checklists for these processes. And they're much more helpful because now you can easily see a visualization of the progress of each process. So the existing checklist for admin staff was virtually non-existent. Basically, there would just be an email announcement from HR. They would add the nameplate and the mailbox and that was pretty much it. There was really like no way to double check what happened when it was completed or, you know, since then we've had many other types of assets to keep track of. We've mentioned docking stations, laptops, phones, merchandise, there's just so much more to keep track of. So having these checklists has now dramatically increased consistency in setting up equipment or obtaining equipment on loan which ultimately not only saves money in the long run, but more importantly helps to improve the workload efficiency of staff because they know what's happening, when it's happening, when to expect these changes. And most importantly, all of this information is in one centralized location. What's great about using SharePoint lists and Excel is that you can also sort and filter depending on what your needs are at the time, which I was not easily able to do with sticky notes. And you can also easily share these lists and collaborate with others based on your needs. Next slide, please. So as you may have been able to tell by the past two slides, I'm a very color coordinated person, I'm a very visual person. And so, when I created my SharePoint lists, I reflect that. So this way, if I want to look at the list on a macro scale, as you can kind of see in the smaller screenshot on the right, I can easily see if something's about to fall through the cracks, and I can follow up on it, or I can just go through the profile for each person and update each action item. As I mentioned, since I'm the intermediary between HR, IT and administration, I make sure that all of the operations related items are accounted for. So in our case that includes like mailbox assignment locations, ID badges, you know, have they been added to various internal lists, we have like seniority lists, eating lists, notary lists, you know, have they been invited to onboarding, orientations, tours, you know, are they getting a laptop, what brand are they getting, do they need any additional equipment setup or software downloaded other licenses. And finally, have they been added to that Excel spreadsheet that you saw earlier that the administrative staff access. So this information, as I previously mentioned before is not always available all at one time. And so if you're like me and you have multiple groups of onboarding multiple people every week, having this checklist that you can easily update with the Excel step is super helpful, and make sure that nothing falls through the cracks, and everything has been communicated to whom it needs to. Next slide please. So for offboarding, very similar process, the only difference is the list of action items. And again for operations relations thing this includes like removing the name tags from the desks removing their mailbox assignments, making sure their IDs are deactivated, are they removed from all of those lists we talked about earlier. Making sure did we get return of it equipment on loan. So again laptops headsets printers thumb drives all of that. And finally, making sure they're removed from any internal systems. So for example, at our organization, we have a conference room reservation system. And so I just make sure that everyone's accounts are deleted once they've exited the organization. And again, have we added all of this information to that centralized location that the administrative staff have access to and their checklist that they sign off on. So everything color coded is super helpful for me. But what's great is that you can customize SharePoint list however you want the information to be presented to you. So they have pull down list bubbles long answers tax, whatever you need that suitable for your organizational style preference. One thing that I'll just add to to players I mean, a lot of our focus and and I think really anything that saves time these days is automation. So I think that as you kind of build out these different checklist and are are seeing different things in regards just as an example of like the off boarding and finding ways to automate things to say okay. I have to go into this particular portal to check if the account was deleted. How can I maybe automate it so it's it's once they deleted from one source it gets purged from all sources. So it can really kind of flag things like that that has and finding ways to really automate the off boarding as much as possible, which is, which is key and something that we really look for. Right in this next section will speak on how to do inventory management. Just want to make sure you can hear me okay. Yep, you're good. Okay, good. So to start with, it's up the most important to create and keep an inventory of organizations with as detailed as possible. If you ask why it's very simple if you don't know what you have. How can you begin to identify areas of concern and where replacements are needed. As I said, I'm going to speak CIS security control one, but before I go any further, my just wanted to clarify what CIS is defined as and it's, it's an organization called the Center for Internet Security, and this organization created this control one to serve as a standard guide to best track the organization's progress to the purpose of maintaining an organization as secure as possible. So within this guideline and exercises and actively managing and by manage I mean inventory track and correct all enterprise assets connected to the infrastructure physically, virtually remotely and those within cloud environments to actively know the totality of your assets that need to be monitored and protected within the enterprise. I also want to clarify that enterprise assets also include end user devices, including portable and mobile. And of course network devices servers.  Having a managed control of your assets will assist to secure monitor securely monitor what you have, plus will help make your organization in response to data breach and cyber attacks for efficient plus creating such an inventory based on these guidelines will help support your organization in identifying an authorized and managed assets to possibly it will also allow to detect any missing assets. And as we all know, any missing assets can put your station and rescue. So in regards to change management. As I mentioned when I started there really wasn't much of an inventory management in place, other than computers and laptops. But now that we have so much more inventory and staff numbers to keep track of requires the use of a management system or in my case a combined use of multiple management systems. Without it steps would be missed and overall the process was very inconsistent and slow. I did develop a new checklist system for myself as well as the administrative staff I mentioned earlier. This also meant that I had to retrain the entire administrative staff on how to standardize how hires, moving and exits all occurred. It is now a step by step process inclusive of a signed off checklist. We also do have regular check ins to make sure that the process fits with their daily workload. The process is being completed in a timely manner, and most importantly that they know what to expect and when, and we can make adjustments as necessary. The most important aspect of all of this is that all of the pertinent information is in one centralized location for easy access and reference, as opposed to little emails here and there that you're trying to dig out. Thank you. And another way to do inventory management is listed here is barcody by using barcode reader. I know that I've used it some clients, especially on Excel spreadsheets. I've been able to scan barcodes of devices with a basic reader. And while it doesn't record all the information you need, but at least at that moment recall with this specific place, at least the fact that it recorded the serial numbers needed faster for me to complete. Well, today you can still purchase a simple barcode reader like that that's connected to your machine. But, like I said, the downside, it's not going to give you all the info. So today get barcode readers that are have to build these. And along with reading barcodes, they can also read QR codes as well. And I don't know, Tim, would you be able to go back to slide down for a second to show sample. And so there's an example of the QR code to the square image. And what's, you know, great about the QR card that I can hold a lot of information. Well, with most infant or management systems, you're also able to purchase and help like your software.  And then from there, I can look up the information I may need on the spot. If I'm setting up the equipment that want to enter in the details, especially if I'm unpacking at a different location from my office, I can go ahead. Yes, at the beginning, you'll have to put in an asset number and some other information, but it will record the serial number. And what's great about it is that within seconds, you can upload that onto your system than any other information they need. You can add that your desk. When I've used the handheld. It's been very helpful. The area where I feel that it would be, it would be more perfecting and scanning the QR codes. I found myself at times, having issues scanning. Not always because of the hand out of life. I've had issues with manufacturers. The QR code is kind of not printed that clearly and so they can harder to scan. And then at other times, I had to configure the handheld. There are ways to configure them to be able to read certain codes. And at times it's worked in other times it has. And I think Miguel you have worked with the, like the smartphone app as well as like an alternative to correct the handheld. That's true. Yeah, that using the smartphone app has also helped me in situations where I didn't have the handheld with me or at times when I was going home and I realized something. I wanted to enter that info. Okay. So some little, I guess lessons from the field, just kind of touching on some some different things and I know a good amount of people mentioned in the chat about the Excel files. And one of the examples that I that I've worked on recently was a client that had multiple offices. And we had an Excel sheet where different options within the sheet. Each office had access to the sheet and they would update their own kind of location within the sheet and different different tabs within Excel. And the naming conventions were all different because we're all we're all humans and we all have our own style. So we all pick our different things. So one of the things that we did change that I felt helped a lot was making dropdowns in the Excel sheet rather than relying on someone to spell a word right or or pick the word commissioned versus retired or new versus old and whatever. So making the dropdowns where it could apply and just setting it to pick one of these five options as this computer was retired and that's it. It avoid definitely avoided and has helped with just human air and and things like that. So the dropdowns and naming conventions overall helped a lot with being able to track across these different locations for this particular client. And with the different equipment at kind of the different local offices and stuff. Again, just kind of standardizing it so that if certain making sure that some fields are marked as like required even so. So we know that we're getting the correct information like a serial number that's usually pretty critical when it comes to seeking out support via the the vendor and stuff like that. So just making sure that there's some fields that are highlighted as kind of required as well as dropdowns for other fields to to make sure that there's less mixing of words and errors overall. So something that's been really helpful for us using this inventory management system is you can learn about general trends and what's happening to your assets. For example, in our organization, there were laptop chargers that were being lost pretty frequently. And so we were able to pull reports and you could see the general trends and you could kind of know it down like okay it's you know in our case it was like one specific unit that was losing them more than the others. So I was able to use that data and information and educate the users, and now it's all been resolved and that's something that I wouldn't have been able to easily track before. I can talk about another example with DVD drives, we were checking out DVD drives external DVD drives pretty frequently. And we again notice that there is a general trend that it was happening more often that there is clearly a high demand for it so we were able to take that information and that data and used it to purchase a bunch of these external drives that we then put into all of the conference rooms, which just raises the customer service level for all of the staff and makes everyone much happier. And so from my end, what I find, I noticed I'm hearing so sorry, I'm sure I'm getting back down. From my end, I've noticed that using an inventory, whether it's manual approach or systems based approach. I like the scenario that Blair mentioned with laptop chargers missing. If you do not have an idea of what you have. The scenario that could come next would be person that's a returning laptop because they're last day today.  You're going to have another charger so then you're going to be forced to purchase another charger that hasn't as needed basis, as I was mentioning earlier. Now, if you are able to have some type of inventory, you know what you have, you can then plan ahead, along with that old purchase you can buy a few extra in case of an emergency like that. And that will definitely help cut costs for your organization in the foreground. Another example that I didn't want to use is that there was a time when we were getting a lot of requests for lonely portable DVD drives. This is a players organization. And so I happen to include these, it wasn't there weren't a lot of them. I would include them in the asset system. And then what I started to do as a practice was checking that in and checking about whatever people requested. When I then discover that Tim and Blair were talking about this, I did a report in the asset system, NASA cloud, and was able to see that, yes, the, the request for increasing. At that point we decided to make this process more smooth. Let's just order these DVD players put them in the focus rooms where employees can then reserve the space and have access, as opposed to every person coming and knocking at the office, knocking on the door, and working with other people at the same time. So, that said, I mean, I think having some form of inventory system will greatly benefit your organization. It will keep it, it will be definitely it is a key to keeping your budget healthy, and as well keeping your office secure devices that you have. Not to scare anyone but it's, it's good for everyone to be aware, you know, that external attackers are always looking for devices that are not protected to the easy way into organizations. And they infiltrate through those devices and by the time you notice they've been there already. Any dive into some Q&A, feel free to chat if you have any questions.


This particular presentation relates to the construction products regulation and the general level of misunderstanding and confusion surrounding the testing method employed to classify cables. We will endeavour to explain the important topic of acid gas testing and the test method used. The test procedure and equipment is defined in BSEN 60754-2 2014 which replaced the previous EN 50267-2-3. This slide describes the test methods and equipment used to look at two important elements, which are acidity or corrosiveness of the gas by way of a pH measurement and the conductivity which is the ability of the dissolved solution to conduct electricity. Conductivity is also directly linked to the total dissolved solids in the solution and is expressed as microseconds per millimetre. The classification A1 is less than 2.5 microseconds per millimetre and a pH value of no less than 4.3. A2 is less than 10 microseconds per millimetre and a pH value of no less than 4.3. A3 is for products which no performance is declared or does not comply with either A1 or A2. We trust this has clarified this topic for you.


It's still the breakfast and plus stevia africa time for us to look at the second conversation now the senate has approved the amendment to the administration of criminal justice act the bill was passed on wednesday after consideration of a report by senate committee on judiciary human rights and legal matters the administration of criminal justice act dates back to 2015 during the administration of a former president of the federal republic of nigeria president goodlock ebele jonathan now legos at the time had in 2007 enacted the administration of criminal justice law which aims to achieve efficiency in the handling of criminal cases and in several states of course now several states have actually domesticated it i remember once upon a time where or juzo kalu uh chief whip of the senate had in 2020 proposed an amendment to the administration of criminal justice act after his release from prison following his conviction over money laundering now in december 2021 the bill seeks to make the administration of criminal justice act more effective and humane it was also seen through it passed through the second reading at the senate now during the public hearing on the bill in february that's in 2022 of course this is november among deliberations on the proposed amendment include that issues on fair hearing for suspects clearly spelled out court jurisdiction on criminal cases there's also at the time of presentation of the report ok payami bami delay the chairman of the senate committee on judiciary said that the bill makes provision for uniform sentencing policies and more restorative justice mechanism he listed the restorative justice mechanism to include victim offender mediation and suspended sentence and prohibition and community service he also said the section has established or had an establishment of an administration of criminal justice monitoring committee and has been amended to read establishment of the administration of criminal justice monitoring council to entrench the culture of fair efficient and effective criminal justice service delivery in nigeria and also to improve outcomes through active partnership it is also imperative that the extent are to be holistically reviewed to make all-encompassing provision they're also targeted at addressing the inherent challenges and the cost of implementation with respect to some judicial pronouncement on the subject matter now we have a guest joining us this morning jeffrey moa lemma uh he's a legal practitioner i hope i got your name correct yes very well it's what you have to do this morning good morning good morning thank you morning well i'd like to share your thoughts and you know the be asked the move by the senate to the senate yes yeah to amend the administrative criminal justice and do you think that this would actually help you know especially in terms of the reform of the sector okay um so in my opinion right the scgl scja whichever one in circumstance now the cga in circumstance yeah so it has in fact our criminal justice in general has always been in more of the retribution incapacitation and um you know the process that you know our criminal justice forgets the other end of justice which is um about um rehabilitation and um such like reparation so because of this i'm sure that is why the senate has looked at you know other jurisdictions like um like in the in the major countries like in the western words you know they have you know they have embraced this reparation and rehabilitation process so the rehabilitation is a process where the person after the criminal sentence you are supposed to be taking back into the society rehabilitation making you um more um efficient in the society what the other one you're talking about um where you reparation where you try to make amends to the family where probably that was a victim of the crime you know something so in this situation you're talking about like um a station where someone stole money you know and you have to return the money to the family you have to make contribution to the community you know you know looking at the um this is a community service that's part of the rehabilitation retribution um rehabilitation process so so i feel the the the the system has realized that we have come to a point where we need to get to this point and get all these things said so i think it's a good one you to you to further reform our our um judicial system and criminal justice system but but let's further talk about you know uh the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria one of the major issue i'm sure that you're very uh also in the know it's the issue of delay that's always delay so you have a case that can trickle it can take a lot of time and with all of this that has been you know looking at the parts that should be amended does this solve the problem of delay in administrating in administrating or giving out justice i won't holistically tell you what the senator is doing right now but then i'm sure this is part of what the senator is trying to achieve because um you see a delayed justice is a denied justice right so in this situation i'm sure the the new acj will work towards this because it has become um cannot be over emphasized it did for fast justice so the system needs to needs to work on this and i'm sure this new acj is going to work around it and in as much as the way of our legal system the procedures it's a bit um stringent on you know achieving justice where the justice where the system says there is better for um for you to lose for a thousand criminals to be on the road and sentencing an innocent person yeah now but i know that um you probably might just be careful we're just having a conversation yeah and i'd like to honestly share your opinion on the issue whether this amendment we've looked at you know the key areas and all that uh the senator's concerned with do you think that it addresses the issue of delay in administering justice okay right now um addressing delay in administering justice yes it will address it but um that's what i'm mentioning our system is a bit stringent it's a bit tight so there is a procedure right in as much as there's an scja the court has its own to follow to there's a process the lawyers has to follow the filing process the procedure of filing you go to court the prosecution makes its makes its case the defense make its case the procedure has to be there we can't avoid this procedure but then the best the system can do right now i'm sure is to make this this process faster so but i i i really i really hope the new procedure will actually address this i really hope so so it therefore means that it doesn't address it okay um we can't see uh let's let's let the people so why do why do i think that you're just trying to be you know politically correct you're you're just trying to play safe play safe um you know why because the act is not out yet right the act is not out so we are we are okay let them pass the reading first then let's see let's see that as we look at it we're looking at the component we're looking at the process i mean i have actually gone through uh all of the components or the content of the amendments all of the areas that should be tweaked yes yes yes and all of this is it looks very fantastic it sounds very brilliant but a major issue it's the issue of delay in terms of delivering because you have a case i mean there are several cases for instance um i have really forgotten now i hope to remember the uh um the king pain what's his name again we know how long that case trickled there are several cases that i see lingering you know you probably have an incident it would take three years four years what exactly and one would expect that if you know there would be an amendment to the administration of criminal act then it should you know cater for it should look at the issue of um delay you know corruption which i'm going to get to you so another issue again is there are a lot of challenges in the judicial system uh the another challenge is the fact that there's always a suppression of the executive arm of government the executive arm of government seem to be interfering uh that's number one the issue of corruption you can't take that away yes delay like i have mentioned so how do we now you know get over this okay especially when we look at this amendment not paying attention to these issues okay so basically right um i'll certainly tell you that um in as much as we are looking at scj which is supposed to be managing the administration of justice basically in Nigeria there are other processes which um which affects the procedure of having you know procedure of delivering judgment on the case so if you are mending an scj and there are procedures like okay look at section 36 of the constitution so for where it says a person has a right to begin to where the person has a right to a cuts you know and then you have a reasonable time where you have to be um your case has to be educated excuse me so because of some of these procedures you cannot just jump um the procedure of um giving judgment in courts you understand so so that's why scj cannot just do all the job in this situation here but then i agree with you very well this is a very vital area i mean like i said before um justice delays justice denied so yes i agree with you very well and i hope so it's it may make one or two tweaks you get me you may make one or two tweaks but it may not completely address the issue of time and delay because there are other processes there are court processes which cannot be removed from the process yeah so let's also talk about some of it that um the essence of all of this is that it would entrench the culture of fair efficient and effective criminal you know justice service delivery in niger and uh for instance i i'd like you to share your thoughts because one of the issues that we have in niger one of the things that have been called very permanent is the obedience or you know obeying court orders obeying the law and and so when you have the arms arms of government that should respect the law that should understand the dynamics or you know of the law but sometimes are contrary to all of it for instance you look at the issue of defamation uh defamation as a recent case amino uh mohammed and that's of aisha buhari okay right in that particular case there were reports that he was arrested even before you know he was arrested tortured and however it is is not even being granted bail and all of that and so with the kind of system that we practice even when we have the laws in place already even when we should understand the law do you think that you know amending the um administrative criminal justice would help anything would people act in accordance to the law okay well um you know executive power is um yeah i see that as the ultimate power in the you know the three arms of government right so it's the best thing the best thing we can have is our executive system respecting the law having to following the rule of law everybody's nobody's above the law you understand so um the executive system has executives have always um have always taken judiciary for you know for a ride most of the times so but then this is not something we can address in one day right so um this the the ACGA quite alright will make amends in most of these areas but i trust me these are these are things written in paper it is left for us for the executives to obey and follow the rule of law so i i hope i hope we get to a better Nigeria where we get people where the executives understand that the law and the rule of law is something we must follow so yes i hope this is part of the amendments too but the executives are a power on their own yes remember but if you want to further have that conversation that's why you have the three arms of government yes exactly and that's why you have you know the if you say you have the executive that's why you have the legislative judiciary to check the excess exactly that's where the principle of checks and balances comes in so that you don't have an arm of government overly being too powerful would it therefore mean that in the administration of you know justice administrative justice uh that the other arms of government are not doing their duties well yes most most arms of government um okay let me not say they're not doing their duties right because uh you still get criminals in prison right there are still criminals in prison there are people being arrested every day and um that's the executive right now and there are laws being made this is the amendment so and then the judges are sitting okay see so these are these three arms actually working right so but then when there are powers that influences the decision of the judgment or whatever it's a different thing all together but trust me these arms are working so all we are looking at is having a system where everybody understands the rule of law and follows the rule of law we can write all the laws we have in papers we can write we can have the best laws but then trust me the only reason why the westerns are the way they are and how their country is to this because they follow the rule of law so we cannot we cannot let me put it that way because um I think every Nigerian is guilty of this cannot keep jumping the gun you know avoiding the law and making him learn and there and expect the system to be clean so it starts from every other person so but then I agree with you that the legislature is executives are actually on top of this ladder and that's why you have you know the other arms of government so we definitely mean that the excesses of the executive is not properly checked and that's why some people say that on top of the lease for administrating or you know chunking out criminal justice is that the executive suppresses the system they seem to be on top of it but what happens to the legislative arm of government was there to check the excessive of the executive and you know the judiciary as well and another issue also is the issue of corruption how has the system not poured itself entirely but we're costing this conversation down now I'd like you to share your thoughts generally overview what do you think can be done you know to improve the system okay so like I like my first advice the rule of law should be taken very seriously that's the first thing everybody nobody's above the law everybody below the law so that's the first thing then secondly we need to have a system that is most urgent you know where the legislative and of government can act without you know in fact let me say it this way the legislative arm of government have to be independent that is the first thing and then you have you also need to have people with clean records in the system so this affects the system too I don't want to start mentioning names but um look at the um you see it look at the process some of the people there um are trying they're trying to move some of these motions are in one case or the other do you think they don't you think that we bias in their decisions in trying to do the make the sjl and trying to make it favor them so the system is corrupt right from the roots so the first point of contact is making sure that these people making these laws and are the cleanest people are the cleaner people in the society I mean pick the best hands in the society we can't keep closing our eyes to the reality of life and keep saying oh anybody can be this anybody he was that was him before this is was him now so we need a system where um will I use the word good people here good people are in power so this will go a long way to clean the system well that's so much that we can take thank you so much Jeffrey thank you sir Jeffrey has been with us this morning he's a legal practitioner we just take a break and when we return we'll be talking sports right here um sports journalists joins us Monday thermals hopefully be still with us


Patriot Prime Reviews is a channel for adult collectors and may not be suitable for children under 13 years of age. Viewer discretion is advised. Hey, what's going on guys? Patriot Prime here once again with another video. But before I get started with the subject of this video, I want to give a huge shout out to my sponsor, toyhacks.com. Toyhacks is a company that provides upgrade decals for modern transformer figures along with reproduction decals for the vintage ones. While visiting Toyhacks, make sure and check out the Toyhacks Armory to see their line of Transformers weaponry in multiple colors. And toy stages for awesome display backdrops. Each purchase from Toyhacks earns you Robocents that you can use for future purchases. You can check your balance anytime in your cart. Toyhacks is a company run by collectors for collectors. So make sure and check out toyhacks.com and tell them Patriot Prime sent you. Now, on to the review. The featured button this video is Transformers Generation Selects Galvatron. Or Galvatron 2 for you old school G1 Marvel fans. Now I got this Galvatron in the mail today thanks to a pre-order from Entertainment Earth. I pre-ordered this guy the day he dropped and was quite surprised to get him in the mail already. So big shout out to Entertainment Earth. Now taking a quick look at the packaging. It's your basic Generation Selects box. The ones we are so used to seeing already. Playing cardboard box with the spray painted Autobot logo there on the front and side. Transformers War for Cybertron and a sticker along the side saying which figure you have. You open the box up and there you have Galvatron in all his glorious G1 Marvel goodness. And I love the looks of this figure already. And I'm happy to say that his shoulders are in the correct position. I was already with my Napa tools to fix this guy if they weren't but they are good to go. So now without further ado let's get this Galvatron opened up out of the packaging and check him out. And welcome to Patriot Prime Reviews. Now once you get Galvatron 2 all opened up and out of the packaging you'll see he does come with a sheet of instructions. That as usual are very well illustrated and easy to follow. But my God these things open up into a poster which I think is a little bit of overkill. Now you do have a decal map right there that shows where all the decals go on Galvatron. But we'll go over that more later on. And speaking of decals here's the sheet of decals that comes with the figure. They are on foil backing so they've got a nice shine to them. But I'm really not sure just by feeling them what the quality is while they're stuck on the paper. I have a horrible feeling they're going to be that Titan's Return quality. That real thin sticker. But we shall see. And then of course we have Galvatron and his accessories. Now if you didn't know Galvatron 2 is a straight up repaint of Kingdom Galvatron. Along with all the accessories. The first accessory we'll go over is Galvatron's cannon. And I love the looks of this. This is very reminiscent to the Generation 1 toy. It's molded in a completely different orange plastic. You should be able to see the sparkles there on the inside. Opposed to the Kingdom release. Which was just orange with this horrible schmutz right up there on top. Of course the housing is different. We've got an all purple housing for Galvatron 2. With the silver and black for the Kingdom release. Also he comes with his ship guns. Now Galvatron 2's are molded in all black. Opposed to Kingdom Galvatron. Who had the gray versions. And I'll be honest I like the gray versions better. Because you lose a lot of the detail in these black versions. So you got that going on. And you do have two of them. So you can combine them into the mega cannon. You also get a matrix of leadership. And this one is all painted green for some reason. To me it reminds me of the corrupted matrix from the Marvel Comics series. And to be honest I think Hasbro was a little lazy with this matrix accessory. I mean it's all green. The handles, everything, the center is green. I think that's a little lazy on Hasbro's part. First you've got Kingdom Galvatron's. That one looks a lot better. And let's see the chain. The chain is the same. So let's go ahead and get all of these accessories on Galvatron 2. And compare him more to the Kingdom release. And here we have Transformers Generation Selects. Galvatron 2 with Kingdom Galvatron. And I'm going to be honest guys. I prefer the look of Galvatron 2 to Kingdom. And I think that reasoning is it's just pure nostalgia for me. Because growing up where I did, I didn't have access to cable TV. So I didn't really follow the adventures of the purple Galvatron here. I followed Marvel Comics. Which is what the Generation Selects Galvatron is based on. So that being said, this is my Galvatron from my childhood. Now taking a closer look at these two figures. It's amazing what the different paint schemes can do with these two. I adore the dark gray face on Galvatron 2. Opposed to the shiny chrome on the Kingdom version. And notice how those red eyes just pop. Of course you've got the main color difference between the gray and the purple. I'm really not a big fan of the light purple Decepticon insignia on his chest. But it is what it is. You've got the different color schemes there for the Ab area. The red and the gray. But overall, I mean the same figure. But it's just amazing what a new paint job can do. So that's pretty much it with the comparison in robot mode. I didn't get these two transformed into their cannon modes. In cannon mode, once again, I think I have to give it to Galvatron 2. And I think why this time is the cannon barrel. I just like that really, really bright orange. It just looks so much better than the Kingdom version. Now of course the color schemes are exactly the same as in robot mode. But I just prefer Galvatron 2 a lot better. Now Galvatron 2's color scheme is also an homage to the original Generation 1 toy. And a nice cool throwback that this figure has. There is a rub sign right there that actually, if you'll pick it up, it works. How cool is that? So speaking of rub signs, which is a decal. Now let's talk about the decals that Galvatron came with. I just mentioned that this color scheme is also based on the Generation 1 toy. Well these decals are based upon the decals the Generation 1 toy came with. So we apply these to Galvatron. He's going to have more of a G1 toy look. So now without further ado, let's get these decals on Galvatron. And here we have Galvatron 2 about 90% decal up. As I feared, these decals really aren't that good. Take a look right here. It is that really thin foil. I mean some of them applied okay, but then you got issues like this where it cuts the deep. When you try to peel off the decal, you're peeling the backing as well. So I gave up on that one. Right there you can tell that one was cut bad. And to be honest, I just gave up because these are annoying decals to put on because they're so thin and they just don't line up perfectly.  These decals just don't go with the mold and it really looks bad. Look how wrinkly that is. Don't like that one at all. The ones on the shoulders, they're okay. Right here, the red, it still gets that wrinkly look. These decals, like I said, they're just way too thin. They are no toy hacks decals. Then you got these here on the abs. See how that one crinkled up right there. Yet some surprisingly worked really well. These here on the sides look good. The decals right here on the, I call them his holsters. They look good. You got the decal right there. And another issue is the way they're cut. They don't match up to the lines perfectly, say like toy hacks decals. And they got the decals here on the knees and down here on the ankles. There's also some decals where I put them right there around the wrist. Of course, like I said, I didn't apply them all just because I didn't want to waste any more of my time or yours. Though I do appreciate how Hasbro added these decals. So you can give Galvatron 2 more of a G1 toy look. So now comparing Galvatron 2 to the original Generation 1 toy, you can see what Hasbro was going for. So you see the decal similarities. You got the decals there for the red chest. And the little silver up here on the crest, which looks a lot better on G1 than this guy. Like I said, I appreciate what they were going for. I just wish they'd spent the money and gave us better stickers. After all, this is a Generation Selects figure. Transformers Generation Selects Galvatron, or Galvatron 2 as I've been calling him, is a great figure for us old school G1ers. I mean, he's got those great Marvel throwbacks. He's got those great G1 toy throwbacks. I couldn't be happier. I think the collar ski really works for this figure. And I love the extra added attention to detail that Hasbro gave this guy, especially with the sparkles in the barrel, just like the Generation 1 toy. I mean, that is awesome. Now the decals were good in concept, but I really think they don't work for this figure. Of course, it's up to you. You can mix and match if you want. You don't have to add them all. I for one am going to peel those right off. Now another thing I noticed, I complained earlier about the laziness of Hasbro and their collaring the matrix green. When I was researching an image for the corrupt matrix that Thunderwing holds earlier in the review, I discovered that Marvel always collared the matrix green. So my bad Hasbro, that is a perfect representation of the G1 comic matrix. Now guys, if you enjoyed the video, don't forget to like, don't forget to subscribe, and don't forget to click that bell icon to get notified when I upload new reviews. Also, if you're in any position to help out the channel, I offer channel memberships here on YouTube, and I also have a Patreon page. Big shout out to all my current channel members. Your support is greatly appreciated, and it's fans like you that help this channel grow. Once again, this is Patriot Prime, signing out.


Pawn ni'n meddiech chi'n gweithio bwysig i yw'r hwn. Felly ni'n meddu chi'n meddwl am fynd o'r ddion ddod ac yna ydi'n neud yn ei hynny?  E'w clywed o gondlau fel ymgyrchu 3 yr unig, oedd yn dal i'n defnyddio chyrwch cael ei wneud hwn, oherwydd anhygoel ei fathion o'r holl honACaeth o'u barth yn ôl mewn môl? Rwy wedi gweld ych chi. I'm coming here to hopefully help the club plan, get promoted and push on in League One and see where it takes us. So, yeah, definitely commit myself and give me that kind of security to just get down and concentrate on my football and hopefully do well. Obviously you're on loan here for the second half of last season, joining January.  Yeah, obviously I kind of knew what I was getting myself into. I haven't been here for a little bit last year. So, obviously getting to play here in Valley Parade in front of the crowd and that was, it was a really good feeling and it was a big part of me coming back here. And do you think there was anything that you picked up from that loan spell last season that you think might help you going into next season and help you achieve more success maybe? Yeah, well obviously just to experience playing here for a few weeks and in front of the home crowd I kind of knew what I was getting myself into and obviously they get right behind you. So, if we can go out to the side this season, perform well, I'm sure they'll back us and hopefully we can have a good season. You've worked with Gary quite a bit obviously, worked with him at Blackpool as well. How much of a factor was he or are you eager to carry on working with him, coming and keep working with him? Yeah, he was a big factor and I think kind of sitting down and weighing up the option at the end of the season. No-one haven't worked with him for last year in Apo clubs. I kind of knew his style of play and I think we kind of compliment each other well so yeah he's a good manager and he plays football the right way so he's suited me down to the ground. And the fans you're familiar with as well, how much are you looking forward to being back out here in front of maybe 15,000 plus next season? Yeah, I think we've seen towards the end of last year even though the results weren't really going too well, the amount of season tickets that we saw kind of straight away just showed us that the fans are here and I think if we can go out and give them something to get behind the more come out and do it. You played quite a big part towards the end of last season, capped in the side on a few occasions towards the back end of the campaign. How much does that mean something that you're wanting to replicate next season and be on? You want to be a leader on the pitch and you want to be sort of made synonymous with the club in the future over the three years and beyond? Yeah, I think that is kind of the way I play. I try and play in the front first and if that kind of brings the leadership with it then so be it but yeah obviously I'm here for three years so I'd like to think that I can play a big part in the club getting back to where it should be if I were up to the league. And what else then finally you want to be a leader but what else do you hope to achieve? What are the other aims over the three years and beyond on the pitch for you personally and as part of the team as well? Yeah I suppose I'll be 22 and I'll next one so it's about getting games for me. I feel like coming here I have an opportunity to do that so it's about getting as many games in my build and hopefully with that comes kind of success.


السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته إذا كنت تحب شخصاً رمضان بشكل رائعاً سأتكلم هذا المنزل يمكنك أن تساعدنا بشكل رائعاً في amu.org المؤسسة التي سنكلم today is as follows my brother is sick and we fear this may be his last Ramadan what are the best things for him to do to get near to Allah in this month الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على عبد الله ورسوله نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين لتسطأ بأسكي الله سبحانه وتعالى اللهم رب الناس أده بالبأس إشفي وأنت الشافي لا شفاء إلا شفاءك شفاء لا يغادر سقمة والله Lord of mankind make this sickness go away cure and you are the cure there is no cure except your cure a cure that leaves no sickness and I would also like to advise the family of the brother in question about a hadith that is narrated from عبد الله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما أنه قال said that whoever visits is sick person and that sick person hasn't yet reached the end it hasn't reached yet been decreed that they will pass away from that sickness and they say when they are with them seven times I ask Allah أسأل الله العظيم رب العرش العظيم I ask Allah the most great lord of the great throne to cure you except that Allah will cure that person from that sickness so this is from the etiquettes that we would advise the family that when you visit this particular brother may Allah give him that doesn't leave any sickness behind that they should say seven times أسأل الله العظيم رب العرش العظيم and they should put their trust in Allah سبحانه وتعالى and they should hope for his for his cure to come and I would also advise the sick person and I would also advise their family from the hadith about mother Aisha رضي الله عنهما and the hadith is in the Bukhari and Muslim that she said أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أرادها على نفسه بالمعوذات ومسحا عنه بيده the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم when he became sick he would blow the معوذات قل أعوذ برب الفلاق قل أعوذ برب الناس in some generations قل هو الله أحد he would blow into his hands like this he would recite them and blow and then he would wipe over himself he would wipe over himself this is one of the means of seeking a cure through the Quran so these are all things that we would advise the sick person to do as it relates to their sickness and for their family to give consideration to give consideration to and I also think it's appropriate with a question like this that a person reflects upon the statement of Allah عز و جل وعبد ربك حتى يأتيك اليقين worship your Lord until that which is certain comes to you and that which is certain is death death is certain to come to me it's certain to come to you and there is no guarantee that I will live longer than the brother that is mentioned in that question سبحان الله how wonderful is it that Allah reminds us of what will happen to us that Allah عز و جل reminds his servant that his servant is going to die that is something that all of us are a reality we understand and none of us want to be from those people who we are seized suddenly and we never had any chance to turn back to Allah and we didn't have any chance to repent so a person should not feel sad when they receive some news like that but they should see the opportunity that Allah عز و جل has reminded you that you have to make changes and do actions and worship Allah عز و جل and repent and turn to him and Allah has reminded you of what will happen to every single person and it's also true that the sick person should be happy and should be content they should be happy and they should be content that if they were regular in worshiping Allah عز و جل before they became sick then that benefit will continue for them and that is narrated from a حديث of أبي موسى العشري رضي الله عن the messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم و العبد أو سافر كتب الله تعالى لهم من الأجري مثل ما كان يعملوا صحيحا مقيمة حديث بخاري that if a person becomes sick or they travel Allah عز و جل will write for them the rewards as the same as what they used to do when they were healthy and resident so in sha Allah و تعالى there are so many reasons to take hope and to feel confidence and in sha Allah to be ready to take the opportunity that Allah سبحانه و تعالى has given you in relation to this in relation to this sickness and Ramadan is a particular opportunity for this it was beautiful the way the question was worded about asking that if this is the person's last Ramadan what advice would we give to them Ramadan is a huge opportunity أبي هوريرا narrated from the messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم كان أول ليلة من شهر رمضان صفدت الشياطين ومردت الجن وغلقت أبواب النار فلم يفتح منها بابن he said that when the first night of Ramadan comes the shayateen and the obstinate devils among the jinn are chained up and the doors of the fire are closed and not a single gate is open وفتحت أبواب الجنة فلم يغلق منها باب the doors of paradise are wide open and not a single door of them is closed وينادي منادن and a caller calls out يباغي الخير أقبل or doer of good come forward ويباغي الشر أقصر or doer of evil desist ولله أتقاء من النار وذلك كل ليلة and Allah has people that he frees from the fire and that is every single night look at the opportunities the doors of paradise are open the doors of the fire are closed the shayateen are chained every person who wishes good has an opportunity to do good and everyone who wishes evil has an opportunity to stop and desist and Allah is the one who frees people from the fire in this month and that is the single night from the nights of Ramadan so we want the person to appreciate the huge opportunity that they have in this month of Ramadan and as for the deeds that the person should be doing in this month or the deeds that we would recommend in this month and in reality this is a question that would benefit every Muslim because ultimately all of us should behave as though this is our last Ramadan all of us should feel as though so what specific advice first of all generally speaking I would always advise that the acts of worship that Allah has made easy for you and what Allah has opened your heart to be able to do with ease you should continue those and keep them going because they are from the most beloved of the deeds to Allah those regular consistent deeds that Allah has given you the ability to do but as for what it relates in the month of Ramadan then I would recommend that you go through the daily droplets series that we have with and there are benefits mentioning deeds and actions that are specific to Ramadan Ramadan is the month of forgiveness and so on lots of different things in there that you can take and insha'Allah from the courses that we've put upon Ramadan where you can insha'Allah benefit but I'm just going to summarize or perhaps 5 points the first one is taking yourself to account and this is from the best things that a person can do in Ramadan or you who believe have taqwa of Allah and let every one of you look at what you put forward for tomorrow let the person look at this let the person take themselves to account look at their deeds look at themselves accountable before Allah takes them to account and make istighfar and tauba this is the month of forgiveness a month where there are a multitude of opportunities for forgiveness and tauba and this is from the most important things from the things that a person should be careful of in Ramadan if they are able is the fasting if they are too sick to be able to fast and it's not hope that they will get better then the person can feed who are people half asar as we've mentioned in some of the other questions in the other videos there's a question on the topic of sickness that I had answered previously so you can refer to that in a bit more detail and fasting and the prayer are extremely important because the Prophet ﷺ told us whoever fast a month of Ramadan with iman and hoping in the reward of Allah then their sins in this month will be all their sins that they had done previously will be forgiven and likewise the standing in the prayer whoever stands the night of al qadr with iman and ihtisab iman and hoping in the reward of Allah they will have their sins forgiven and laylatul qadr is a wonderful opportunity until now while this video is coming out we haven't gone into the last 10 days of Ramadan there is an opportunity still there for you to look for laylatul qadr in whatever way you can do according to your health to look for laylatul qadr that is a night in which it is better than 1000 months it's better than 1000 months that's better than 83 years and so many months of worship سبحان الله a lifetime's worth of worship you can do in one night and we don't know when laylatul qadr is and you shouldn't be fooled by the people who they only go out on one night rather look for it in all of the 10 nights of Ramadan because sometimes the odd night can become even and the even night can become odd so you should look for it in all of the last 10 nights of Ramadan in the hope that you will get 83 years worth of worship in a single night from the things I would highly recommend is the recitation of the Quran thinking about it and remembering Allah as the وجل this is the month of the Quran I used to revise the Quran with Gabriel so reciting the Quran thinking about it, reflecting upon it remembering Allah سبحانه وتعالى and Ramadan is the month of du'a our mother Aisha رضي الله عنها she narrated that she said to the Prophet ﷺ do you think that if I am successful to stand in the night of laylatul qadr to know which night is laylatul qadr or to be present worshipping Allah during laylatul qadr ما أدعو what du'a should I make the Prophet ﷺ said to her قولي اللهم إنك عفوهن تحب العفو فعفو عني you are the one who is the pardons the most and you love to pardons so pardon me and this shows that Ramadan is a month of du'a and likewise it is a month of الصدقة and الجود والكرم and the Prophet ﷺ encouraged that a person feeds the poor a person gives food to those who are needy a person helps other people to break their fast and there are even narrations in this regard with regard to the sick person داو مرضاكم بالصدقة treat your sick people with صدقة so Ramadan is also the month of صدقة and I want to conclude with a point that I think many people miss and it is a really really important statement from Abdullah ibn Mubarak رحمه الله تعالى the great Imam that he was a man came to him and he asked him he said أنك تموت العشية فماذا أنت صانع قال أقوم وأطلب العلم حتى يأتي الممات أمان ستعبد الله بمموارك if Allah revealed to you that you are going to die in this evening what would you do he said I would get up and go and seek knowledge until the moment the death came to me and that is why I also believe from the most important things you can do is to seek knowledge and this advice and this answer is indeed for everyone because all of us should feel like this might be our last Ramadan and we ask Allah to give this brother a complete shifa and that's what Allah made easy for me to mention and Allah knows best أعلى نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين


Welcome. I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Sandhi in Paninian Grammar. We are studying Aksandhi or verbal Sandhi. And currently, we are focused on the second classification of Aksandhi, namely Dvisthanika Ekadesha. Two substituents and one substitute. We are emphasizing on this particular aspect again and again in these lectures, mainly because this is a very fundamental part of Sandhi. And this particular aspect is reflected in several other types of operations as well, notably the accent operations. So, when you have two vowels as substituents, obviously they have one accent each. So, there are two accents as substituents and there is only one substitute. And so there are rules stating this one accent. We will see this aspect later on in the course. It is important therefore to get this part extremely clear in our own minds, Dvisthanika Ekadesha. And that is why we are spending some time at the beginning of each and every lecture on highlighting and emphasizing on this particular classification of the verbal Sandhi. The first classification we said was Ekasthanika Ekadesha, where you have one substituent and one substitute, Ekasthani and Ekadesha. We saw that there are two instances of this Ekasthanika Ekadesha, namely Yen Sandhi and Ayavaya Sandhi. Yen Sandhi is stated by the Sutra, Ekoyanachi and Ayavaya Sandhi is stated by the Sutra, Hoyavaya Vaha. We have studied these instances along with the examples, etc., in detail earlier in this course. Currently we are focused on this Dvisthanika Ekadesha, which is the second classification. This is stated by the Adhikara Sutra, Ekah Purva Parayoho, which means one substitute takes place in place of two sounds previous that is Purva and latter that is Parah. Ekah Purva Parayoho, 6184, this is an Adhikara Sutra. This Dvisthanika Ekadesha can be shown diagrammatically in this particular manner, where you have A plus B in close proximity in the Samhita mode. And so one of the Sutras in this section that begins with 6184 and goes up to 61112, one of the Sutras applies and then in place of both of them C substitute is stated. A comes immediately before B and B comes immediately after A. This is how the Samhita and the environment gets expressed in this particular section. So A plus B is the input and the rule applies and the output is generated in the form of one substitute C. There are five instances of Dvisthanika Ekadesha. Guna Sandhi, stated by the Sutra Adhgunaha, 6187. Second is Vruddhi Sandhi, stated by the Sutra Vruddhirachi, 6188. The third one is Pararupa Sandhi, which we are currently studying, stated by the Sutra Engi Pararupam, 6194. The fourth one is Savarnadirga Sandhi, stated by the Sutra Akasavarnedirgaha, 61101. And finally Purvarupa Sandhi, stated by the Sutra Amipurbaha onwards, that is 61107 onwards. Amongst these five, currently we are focused on the third Pararupa Sandhi. And this Pararupa Sandhi is stated primarily by the Sutra Engi Pararupam, 6194. And we have studied this Sutra in detail. What this Sutra means is immediately before a verbal root that begins with A-ing and immediately after a proverb that ends in short or long a, in place of both, one substitute in the form of latter, that is Pararupa, takes place. So you have Purr plus Ajatay, where a appears at the end of this proverb and a appears at the beginning of this verbal root Ajatay. And so they are in close proximity, a plus a is the situation. And in this limited environment, which is by default the environment for Rudhirechi to apply, but that gets cancelled and 6194 applies because of these limited environments and you have pr-e and jatay, pre-jatay as the generated output. In this lecture, we shall study some more Sutras stating the Pararupa Sandhi. And these Sutras are stated on this particular slide. Omangostha 6195, Usya Padantat 6196, Atogune 6197, Avyattana Karanasyata Itau 6198, Namredita Shantyasya Tuva 6199 and Nityam Namredite Dachi 61100. Let us study these Sutras one by one. First, let us take Omangostha 6195 for our consideration. Omangostha has got two words, omangoh and ch. Omangoh is 7 slash 2 of omang. Omang has got two constituent, om and ang. Ang is a preverb and upasarga. So, omangoh means immediately before omang. Ch means end. Words continued are aath 5 slash 1 of aah, short or long. And so aath means immediately after aah, short or long. Pararupam 1 slash 1 of pararupa that is latter form. So, the sutra means and immediately before om and ang, immediately after aah, short or long. In place of both aah and o and aah is substituted the latter form. In this case, o as well as aah. Here are the examples. Shivaya om namaha, this is a sentence. In this sentence, you have aah coming at the end of this padha followed by om over here. And so, in place of both of them, now this om will be substituted as one substitute. So, the output generated by 6 from 95 would be shivaya om and namaha. When we join it together, we get shivaya om namaha. Then also we have shiva plus aah plus eah. And now aah plus eah in the samhita mode, 6187 will apply and the output generated would be shiva, aah and heah. Now this aah over here and this aah, they will become the input for 6195 to apply and then the output generated would be shiv, aah and heah. When we join them together, it becomes shivaya heah. This aah is considered as aah because aah has substituted aah and a special rule to this effect is created namely anthadi vachcha. What it means is that this one substitute stated by 6184 acts as final of the previous element and also initial of the latter element. So, this aah comes in place of aah as well as eah. So, this aah can be considered as eah or aah can be considered as aah. Considering aah as aah, now we have shiva plus eah and this aah is aah. So, now omangoscha applies and there is pararoopasandhi. So, we get the form shivaya heah. Let us go to the next sutra, usya padantata. This is 6196. This has got two words usi and apadantata. Usi is 7 slash 1 of us. Us is a verbal suffix. Usi means immediately before us. Apadantata is 5 slash 1 of apadanta. Apadanta means not at the end of a pada. So, apadantata means immediately after a sound that does not occur at the end of a pada. Words continued are adh 5 slash 1 of aah short or long and this means immediately after aah short or long and of course pararoopam 1 slash 1 of pararoopa later form. So, now this sutra means immediately before the suffix us and immediately after aah short or long that does not appear at the end of a pada in place of both substitute the later form that is ooo. I repeat immediately before the suffix us immediately before the suffix us and immediately after aah short or long that does not appear at the end of a pada in place of both substitute the later form that is ooo. So, now here is the derivation process. So, we are deriving the form adhu which means we are deriving the form adhu which means they gave. This is derived in this particular fashion. We have the verbal root da to which is added long then we add aah to it aah daah long then we add the suffix chli in the next step then we delete this chli by the sutra 2477 aah daah 0 and long then this long gets replaced by g aah daah 0 g and then we replace this g by us and now we have aah daah 0 and us. Now, here we notice that this aah which is the long variety of aah is not appearing at the end of a pada it is very much inside within a pada followed by the suffix us and so now this has scope of application for 6196 and so now in place of this aah and this ooo pararoo prasandhi takes place and ooo as one substitute replaces both of them aah and ooo. So, we have aah daah ooo sir when we join them together we get adus or aduho meaning they gave in this case this aah and this ooo this is the environment aah is not appearing at the end of a pada and so both of them get substituted by this letter form ooo over here this is what is usya padaantaat let us proceed further and study the next sutra this is ato gunay ato gunay has got two words ataha five slash one of at meaning immediately after short aah remember this is at at stands for short aah and gunay is seven slash one of gunay meaning immediately before gunay and gunay is aah and ooo defined by one one two aah the words continued are aah padaantaat five slash one of aah padaantaat meaning not at the end of aah pada so aah padaantaat means immediately after a sound that does not occur at the end of a pada pararupa means one slash one of pararupa that is letter form all this put together this sutra means immediately before gunay that is aah ooo and immediately after short aah that appears not at the end of a pada in place of both is substituted the letter that is gunay in place of both is substituted the letter pararupa in this case it is the gunay so we have two examples one is patharup one is patharup one is patharup one is patharup one is patharup one is patharup one is patharup one is patharup two are three examples one is pathanti they read and the second one is labhay that is I obtain pathanti is derived after the verbal root patha and the suffix lutt being added to it so patha plus lutt then this lutt gets substituted by jhi and then this jhi gets substituted by ante and at this stage patha plus ante we have the suffix aah that comes in between So, patha plus ar plus anthi, now here ar is within a padha followed by another ar, so this ar can be called guna, so we have the environment where ar not occurring at the end of a padha is immediately followed by a guna sound and so in case in place of both of these sounds, we have para rupa that is this ar being the substitute. So, then the next step is derived patha anthi, when we join them together we get the form patha anthi which means they read. So, here we have ar plus ar and both these especially this one latter one can be termed as guna to satisfy the condition for ato guna to apply and para rupa sandhi takes place. Similarly, if we look at the derivation of labha, we have labha followed by the suffix lutt vartamane, then this lutt gets substituted by e then this e gets substituted by a, then we have the vikaranapratya ar coming in between. Now, we have ar which is not at the end of a padha which is in between a padha followed immediately by a, all this is in the samhita mode. Now, in this case ar plus a the by default rules would apply and the buddhi would be the substitute that does not happen over here because of this particular sutra which says that when ar occurs not at the end of a padha and if a guna sound appears immediately after it then in place of both of them plays the latter that is the para rupa that is this a in this particular case. So, then the next step would be labha plus a this a is the substitute in place of this ar as well as this a. So, we have labha plus a labha which means I obtain this is ato guna. Let us go ahead and look at this next sutra avyaktanukaranasyataitau 6.198 and there are three words in the sutra. The first one is avyaktanukaranasyat 6.1 of avyaktanukaran. Avyaktanukaran means avyakt means unexpressed speech. Anukaran is imitation. So, avyaktanukaran means part of imitation word of unexpressed speech. This is the meaning of avyaktanukaranasyat. Part of imitation word of unexpressed speech. What is an unexpressed speech? So, the sounds that happen in the nature they gets get imitated by human beings. Such a sound is called avyaktanukaran. So, part of it is getting operated by this sutra. Ataha is 6 slash 1 which means in place of at and at here is not short a. At refers to its own form that is at. Itau is 7 slash 1 of iti which means immediately before iti. Pararupam is continued from the previous sutras, latter form and the meaning of the sutra is immediately before iti when at appears as part of an unexpressed imitation. Then in place of both of them, latter form in this case e takes place as the one substitute. And I repeat immediately before iti when at appears as part of an unexpressed imitation. Then in place of both of them, latter form that is e takes place as the one substitute. Here are the examples. We have the word patat. Patat is an imitation. This kind of sound naturally occurs in the nature. And so, in order to imitate it, we say patat. Now patat is avyaktanukaran. And now when we quoted patat iti. So, we have at over here followed by e and now by the application of 6, 1, 98 this at and this e get the pararupa sandhi. That means this e remains and in place of this and this. So, the output generated is patat is gone and e and t. Joining them together, we get patiti. Similarly, ghatat iti and this at and e, they both have the sandhi effect ghat e and t the resultant form would be ghat iti. So, the substitutions are at and e and in place of both of them we have e as the substitute. Now there is a vartika on this particular sutra which says that anekacha iti vaktavyam. It says that this substitute takes place only if the unexpressed imitation word contains more than one bobble like patat and ghatat. When it contains only one bobble like shrat. So, we have shrat plus iti. Here this operation does not take place. This at and this e is not replaced by this e. It remains as it is and that is shraditi. There is no change brought about at all. This context of avyaktanukaranam continues in the next two sutras. The first one being naam redhitas yantyas yatuva. Now let us look at the next sutra. Naam redhitas yantyas yatuva. This sutra consists of two sentences. The first one being naam redhitas yantyas yatuva. And the second one is antyas yatuva. Let us look at them one by one. So, the first word is naam which is negation which means not. Amredhitas yantyas yatuva is six slash one of amredhita meaning part of amredhita. Antyas yantyas yatuva is six slash one of antya which means in place of final sound. Tu means but va means optionally. Amredhita is the second part of the doubled element stated by 812 tasya param amredhitaam. Words continued are pararupam one slash one of pararupa avyaktanukaranasya from the previous sutra which means part of imitation word of unexpressed speech atah six slash one in place of at and itau seven slash one of iti immediately before iti. So, the meaning of the sutra stated in the two sutra, two sentences is this. One substitute in the form of the latter form does not take place in place of ii in iti and at which is part of the unexpressed imitation when it is re-duplicated. And the second sentence is but the substitute in the form of the latter form does take place in place of the final tu and ii in iti that too optionally. So, not this entire at is replaced but only this tu is replaced. So, we have this patat and patat when it is uttered twice the second part patat this is called amredhita and this is what is getting operationalized. So, patat is one imitation of the unexpressed sound in the nature when it is re-duplicated because of 814 miktvibh sayohu we have patat patat followed by iti. Now, in this case this at and this ii this does not get ii as the substitute but because of this sutra only this final d and this ii they get the substitute pararupa which is ii in this case. So, we have patat remaining as it is this the and ii is replaced by ii. So, we get patat pataditi this is one output generated where there is no sandi effect taking place because this is an optional application. So, patat pataditi is one form and the second optional form is patat pata this is pata and then the d and ii get substituted by ii. So, we have patat pata ii and ti and finally patat patati by the application of the guna sutra we get the output patat patati. Let us look at the next sutra nityam amredhita dachi this is 61100 there are 3 words in the sutra nityam 11 of nitya which means always or without optionality amredhita is 7 slash 1 of amredhita which means immediately before the second part of the reduplicated unexpressed imitation dachi is 7 slash 1 of dach a suffix stated by 5457 words continued are pararupam 1 slash 1 of pararupa avyaktanu karanasya 6 slash 1 of avyaktanu karana meaning part of imitation word of unexpressed speech ataha is 6 slash 1 of at meaning in place of at anthya siya is 6 slash 1 of anthya that is in place of final sound to put this together we get the meaning namely immediately before the amredhita which comes before the suffix dach dach final ta inat and the initial of the amredhita they both always without optionality get substituted by the latter form that is the initial of the amredhita when it is part of an unexpressed imitation I repeat immediately before the amredhita which comes before the suffix dach that means dach suffix is added after the amredhita final ta inat and the initial of this amredhita they both always without optionality get substituted by the latter form that is the initial sound of the amredhita when it is part of an unexpressed imitation so patak-patak we know is unexpressed imitation and after this is the suffix dach that is attached to it in fact when this dach suffix is added to patak then patak gets re duplicated because of this statement dachi bahulam dve bhavataha and so we get patak-patak plus dach in this case this is the amredhita and this is the sound pur at the beginning of this amredhita and here we have the at the end of this first part which comes immediately before the amredhita now this amredhita is coming immediately before this suffix dach so the conditions for 61100 to apply are fulfilled and so now the first step is because of this dh this at gets deleted patad-pat-ah afterwards this dh and this pur they get the pararupasandhi and so in place of both the and pur only pur remains as the substitute and so we have pata and pata pata and pata and this is what is the output that is generated pata pata this re duplication has happened because of the statement dachi bahulam dve bhavataha to summarize we have studied pararupasandhi and we noticed that pararupasandhi applies in a very restricted environment so pararupasandhi cancels applications of other by default rules like 6187 and 88 some of the rules apply only word internally like 6196 and 97 whereas the other rules only apply between two words 6195 and 98 now we study the next instance of dristhanika ekadesha namely the savarna dirghasandhi stated by the sutra akas savarna dirghaha 6 1 1 0 1 but this we will do in the next lecture thank you for your patience