The Consortium Board asked the Consortium Office to first develop a CGIR-wide gender strategy and subsequently we asked the CRPs to come up with their strategy to make sure that gender research, research that ensures that both men and women have equal access or fair access to the new technologies that we develop, that the technologies we develop aren't favoring men, that we develop technologies that are suitable for female-headed households for women working in agriculture, all slew of things, that we do this appropriately because of course agriculture is still very much a male-dominated business. Now we're making good progress on that. We're hiring probably more gender researchers than ever before. Some of our programs are really strong. Gender in agriculture is enormous. Women in agriculture is enormous. Certainly in rice we see what's called the feminization of agriculture, you have outmigration of men from the rural areas. Women are becoming more and more managers of the overall farming sector in many parts of the developing world, certainly in rice-based economies. When we look at the situation of women in rice cultivation, rice cultivation could be among the worst jobs in the world in terms of preparing the land, transplanting rice, weeding in the mud up to your knees is very, very picturesque for the backbreaking. It is backbreaking.  All of these are very, very difficult operations. Not only difficult, but time-consuming.  So I think anything we can do that can free up people from this burden that falls disproportionately on women is probably among the most effective gender approaches that we could have.


Okay, our final keynote this morning is Kate Stewart. Kate is the Vice President of Dependable Embedded Systems at the Linux Foundation. Today, Kate will discuss building dependable systems with open source. Please welcome Kate Stewart. Konnichiwa. You guys are getting me? Okay, great. My name's Kate Stewart, and I have been focusing for the last couple of years here at the Linux Foundation, all about what we need to do to help embedded open source systems become dependable. In system engineering terms, dependability is a measure of a system's availability, reliability, maintainability, safety, and security. And so, let's consider the car. I'm proud of you wanting to be a dependable car, because Dad's just been talking to us about it. This is a nice little sigwek. More of the components are built in this car on open source every year, such as the AGL's device. Sorry about the noise. Today's car is likely to also have cameras embedded into it for the driver to see back views and side views. There's also radar sensors to measure the distance and to provide alerts when you're getting too close to something and pass through a lot of slides. But anyhow, back to this. So there's radar sensors to measure the distance and to provide alerts when you get too close to something, another object. So this helps keep drivers and passengers safe. This is a good thing. In addition, there's also proximity information coming in now. So you'll see dashboards that are incorporating the navigational assistance to help the driver get to a destination. You know, using GPS technologies and communicating with external services to understand such things as traffic conditions. We're all using this today, either on a phone or in the car. And all of this information is, you know, helping to keep the drivers and passengers safe and arrive at the destination sooner. But you know, as we're moving more towards the autonomous stuff, LiDAR and other sensors are now being incorporated. And we need to filter this information and react appropriately to what's being detected if you don't have a human evaluating it. So this is going to be the challenge. So trained AI models are being connected to these sensors. They are doing some filtering. They are working it through for this. And the data sets being used to train these models are now important. And so the input from all these multiple sensors needs to be coordinated. And we need to basically take it beyond what we've been using to date. So modern products are clearly now more than just hardware and software. Cars went from being hardware and software to be, so just being hardware, you know, from 1910 up to 1970s and 80s. And now they've came to hardware and software. And now they're evolving to incorporate AI, models trained on data sets and working and expecting external services to work. So from that safe driving car example, we now have more ingredients that we have to consider in our analysis. And so hardware, software, training data sets and communication to remote services. So we need to leverage system engineering. The total discipline of system engineering was created for solving complex systems interacting. And we need to pull all the factors into our analysis now. So I just, there's an AI artificial, AI incident database that's public, anyone can go look at it. And what it does is it tracks any social media references to incidents with AI. So I looked at what was happening for the cars for last year. These are all from this year. And so we have various incidents, case numbers. And if we go and start drilling down on one of them, it was an article in the Washington Post and there was pulling out more data together too. And so when you start looking at it, you see things like, it contains, there's concerns that quite frankly, the AI didn't recognize the school bus stop sign. It's not been trained to handle interactions with motorcycles and emergency vehicles. Over 800,000 cars in the US today have the autopilot capability. And almost half of them had to be recalled to fix the fact that it wasn't recognizing traffic lights, stop signs, and speed limits by the autopilot. And so like last year, the self-driving car capability was fully enabled from 12,000 to over 400,000 of these cars. And then in this last year as well, we've been living through this experiment that two thirds of all the reported incidents to the National Highway Transport Administration in the US were from Tesla. So all the other car makers have an less aggressive rollout of the technologies and are only a fraction by comparison. But we are living with this and we need it to be changed and be safe. So what we need to look at is, that's just what's happening with the AI. What happens when, oh, we need to save some money here, we've got to remove a sensor. Well, actually, this actually happened in some of these cases and they said, they had to reintroduce some radar sensors. And so there's cars out there without some of this and this comes with it. So we've got a lot of factors that are gonna be coming into play that we're gonna need to analyze to understand if we are working with something that's safe or trying to make it as safe as we possibly can. And certainly when I read these sorts of things living in the US and living near a Tesla dealership, it worries me. So, as you can see, there's more ways things can go wrong right now. And so what we need to trigger out is, how can we get all that information together and expand from a software bomb to a true system bill of materials? We've had hardware bombs for forever, okay? We've been adding software bombs in recently because of security. We really need to get more inputs of our more of ingredients incorporated to get so that we can do these safety analysis properly. So to do this, we're gonna be needing the standardized metadata from all of the supply chains. We need it coming from hardware, the software, the data sets, this whole slew of data provenance and we need it from the services. And we need to pull this together and be able to get it so the way that we can connect it and make recent choices about it. And to do that, it also needs to be accurate. And the one thing we've been learning over this last year with the S-Bombs is you capture the data when it's created in the product's life cycle and that'll give you the most precision, okay? When you're actually looking at your sources or when you're looking at your design, there's information there that the engineers know and that should be surfaced up. And then what we need to do is connect the design to the code, to the build image, and so forth. And create knowledge graphs. And this isn't just for cars. We're gonna want this for our whole entire critical infrastructure. We need to get this level of analysis so we can do safety properly. And so we're gonna be needing to look at how we can get this metadata to work in the ecosystem. Today, when I talk to people who've been working on this, it tends to be collections of papers, files, reports. It tends to be spreadsheets. It tends to be manual processes. This doesn't scale to where we need to go. It just flat out doesn't scale, okay? When we're talking about changes like one big bug fix an hour into the Linux kernel, manual processes don't scale. And we wanna make sure that things, there's a security issue, we've dealt with it, and things stay safe. So what we've been looking at for about two years now is evolving SPDX into profiles so that we can provide a framework for connecting this metadata. And so it's about components, the processes, the requirements, the evidence to support product line management at scale. And so that's what's been missing. So SPDX, the 2.2 is an ISO standard and it supports exchanging the metadata between the systems today. So the software bill of materials, it's got everything you need for software bill of materials today. And it also supports traceability between requirements, code, test, and evidence. That's there today. However, what we're doing with 3.0 is we're transforming it into being able to be effective in a database so that we can actually pull all these elements in as they emerge over time and be able to understand the current state at a point in time. That's what databases are for. And so we're also bringing in profiles to capture domain-specific information and extend beyond what we've got today towards the AI and the models as well as the dataset provenance because, okay, has this dataset been trained with stop sign that it or not is kind of important for kids coming out of buses. The other thing is, can we extend to support the product life cycles? The information you have when you're building is different than the information you're gonna get when things are running in the field or you've deployed it in a test environment. All of these things need to come together. So we're looking at three and then we're already working in the SPDX community. We've got working groups active today working on starting to articulate hardware. So we need to tie the software to the hardware to those specific chips as Dan was saying and put these pieces together. And then also quite frankly, deal with virtual hardware and virtualized environments like digital twins are gonna be needed here, especially when you don't have easy access to work with things. So the services also are gonna be coming in and are being used today. We need to be able to represent them and tie those into the reasoning so that you know when there's dependencies you can actually check them. And all this is being combined in the safety profile. So SPDX3, the 3.0 model repository has all the profiles for three of it today now. And we are prototyping the serializations. We've got sample JSON, emitting serializations working and Python libraries and so forth. And so anyone who wants to go kick the tires we would welcome input right now. And right now if you use the core, the software, the licensing and the light profiles, you have effectively all the functionality we have it today in 2.3. However, on top of that you'll see, well, we're adding a security, build AI and data. And that is what is going to start to let us expand out beyond just the software space into the system space. So we can start to reason about what we've got and what the real dependencies are. And we're starting to make sure that we can support and say, where has this information come from in the life cycle? Okay. Because that information gives you an element of, did someone try to reason about it from the third-party tool? Or did the people who were working on it generate it and check it off in a test that is valid? And this brings in some of the things we're doing in OpenSSF that are going to be playing into this as well. And we've basically worked on very hard to align with the S-bomb types coming out of the CISA working groups and efforts and publications. So we're lining up with that and we're lining up to take and make sure all the relationships in two, three are supported and also adding in the concept of some of the prototype work that we're going on and expanding them to contain the life cycle information as well as one to many so we can be more precise when we're expressing things. So, SPDX is very much focused on component modularity and so putting relationships between components allows us to create that knowledge graph that we're gonna need. So we're gonna need it for doing that efficient and accurate safety and security analysis. And so we can take the safety artifacts right now and map them into these S-bomb types and say, okay, put these things here, this is the type of thing it'll belong with, so forth. So we're prototyping this stuff right now as paper exercises and we're starting to see some tool emerge. And with this type of model, I'm working with safety people, we can represent of a model type of analysis today with all the artifacts for a safety plan. And then you can connect it up to the code and you can connect it up to the tests and you can connect up the evidence. So you can take your design S-bombs, you can go your sources and you can basically then take the S-src S-bombs and you can say it generates a certain set of executable images. The paper is working here, okay. And then what happens though when you start to see a dependency? Well, all of a sudden now you have a way of reasoning about this so that you say, oh, there's a problem with this executable image, okay. Did it come from my supply chain? That was the build supply chain, was there a problem in that way? Or was it coming in from something, was it something that was generated from the source code? And in some of these cases we've been talking about, has this come from training data too? Will it be now an issue that we might be having up here? And if it's coming from the source code, was it an issue with our coding guidelines? Or was it an issue with the requirement for the code? The reason why, types of deal. And then as you sort of work your way back, well, potentially is there some problems with the requirements in the code in order to do the analysis? These sorts of ability to reason about this stuff at the higher component level as well as part of the full system is what's going to be needed to automate this all and to get away from the paper processes, okay. And quite frankly, get rid of the false positives but anyhow, on the security side. So component level, we can do component level traceability today with SPX 2.3. All of those relationships exist, working. You can use it as it is and play with it around like that. But one of the things that's going to be really great for getting rid of false positives is you can go inside the components and say, hey, this file actually made it into my image. So if there's a bug in this component, which files are actually affected? Is it actually in my image or not? Was it built into that image? You can be the same as that. And we're doing that today in this effort project. Come talk to me afterwards and I'll show you. If we can do that, then we know, okay, these tests have to be run to satisfy the requirement. That generates evidence and says the requirement's satisfied. So when a bug fix happens, what happens then is you can figure out, you know, for these requirements, I need to rerun these tests. Oh, I might need to generate a new requirement here and add a new test. And then that gets part of this big database we're keeping on behalf of a product line so that you can stay compliant, okay? So we need to start thinking beyond where we are right now to how do we do this properly and make it efficient for everyone? The other side that's going to come here is, well, okay, I'm using this food.c if I've made a fix there. How do I change, you know, which requirements actually we're losing that source file? We can make that traceability happen. And we basically can then say, okay, these other tests, I wanna check to make sure I haven't caused a regression. These are the pieces that will let us have trust that we are done after we apply the security fix. We have it very much crisp and clear exactly what has to be rerun. So, you know, how can we establish requirements for open source code and that the system engineering and safety analysis need? Well, all these pieces of code were put in with Ys. There's a reason why each piece of code was accepted. And that's part of it. There's also man pages that say what it should be doing. These are all things that are there. So, there's four projects I work with that are starting to look at trying to figure out how we can figure our way through this and effectively surface up the requirements that are in a place. Everyone has sort of cultural knowledge of what is happening on certain things, but it is not written down in a way that you can connect requirements for a system yet. So, how do we get there? First, I'm just going to say Yachto. Yachto, basically, we're using, it's, you know, it's not embedded in the system, it creates one for you. So, it creates your tool chain. And when it does that, it generates an S-bomb of it. And then when that tool chain runs to build the rest of the pieces, it creates S-bombs for those pieces. And so, today in Yachto, reproducible binaries are supported, which is one of the key things we're going to need here. And Yachto generates the SPD S-bombs by turning on an option. That's all you need to do. You'll get a lot of S-bomb data showing up out of this if you actually just turn the option on. And so, the system view is done right now. That system level view, I said we need to go to, is through UUIDs today. That's through a master index. And then we're participating in creation. So, they've come in and they wanted to get that system level right. So, they've been working with our community on the build level profile. And there's product line bomb generation working with SPDX that they're prototyping and they're doing more work on linking their tests in with the components. So, the nice thing about working with Yachto is any feature we work with in Yachto scales throughout the entire ecosystem. Elisa is looking at, for Linux, how do we start working around this tremendously changing code base? What are the requirements? How do we start to get our heads around this elephant? And so, there's been groups of people working in various units for the last couple of years. And one of the groups that just formed last year which is putting these things, the systems together as concepts and looking at the analysis of Linux as part of a system. And so, one of the things we're doing is working with some of the folks at AGL and we're basically looking at integrating this stuff all together into a reference system that anyone can take and download and swap pieces in and out of. So that we can then start reasoning about it. And you'll see that we're using the Zen project, we're using Linux and we're using Zephyr and we're gonna be putting a simple application on top of it all. So we have the safety constraints. And we'll use that to do the reasoning. And I would like to be announced a brand new open source tool just became available for requirements tracing. It's called Bazel. And Red Hat has contributed this to the Elisa project. And what it does is it lets you trace requirements and to code to test and do it in an open fashion so that people can review it and peer review it. So we can start to finally break apart and build a community where people are caring about the pieces they care about most and putting the requirements that they care about and crowdsourcing things together. We've been missing this. Every industry, every people in the industry have been doing it for themselves when they're using Linux and we had no way to share. So we've created a way so we can share this effort. And the Zephyr project is participating here. For those who aren't familiar, Zephyr is an RTOS and we started off with safety and security for resource constrained devices in mind at the very start. And we have our initial certification focus. We're working with TubeSood on getting 461508 right now and we are also using Zephyr to prototype requirements traceability. We're using StrictDoc in this project which is another open source tool. And we're basically working on putting together the hierarchy of requirements and matching it to the code. So we're doing that exercise in Zephyr which is a much smaller footprint than the Linux kernel to see how it's gonna work and see if it'll work well for the developers and the maintainers in that project. And then in the Zephyr project, Zephyr is also focusing on safety and security because of the hypervisor. So what it's trying to do is see, it has a working group that is focusing on safety as we're going along. So Zephyr today is basically looking at safety critical. People are using it for safety critical systems today but they're working at the maintainer level of improving the coding style with MSRC. They're adopting things one by one and they're basically looking at features to improve the real time and reduce interference. So they're looking at the piece, that fundamental piece that everyone's gonna be needing and they're working on it right now. And the project members are looking and there's project members actually looking at getting 61508 and 26262 certification. So they have a functional safety working group that I participated in and others are getting welcome to join. So if you wanna continue the discussion, there'll be a bof tomorrow afternoon. And I've got links in the slides to the release of working group on the system side. Come join us there. Talk about Zephyr, Zen or Yachto. Happy to talk about all of those tomorrow in the bof. Or please, if you have other projects, open source projects that are working towards safety, come talk to us and see if we can help bring you out, bring this all together and build upon each other's work. And then as you've seen, we've got a framework now for connecting this all together at the requirement level that was missing before. So we can start to compose systems from the requirements and do the system engineering properly. And join us on the SPDX side if you wanna start talking about that and integrating things. So I guess I'm gonna leave you with the, everything's sort of old as new again. But system engineering practices need to be to apply to today's systems. And they are probably being applied within companies very diligently, but we're not doing it out in the open. And so we're wasting a lot of time and a lot of work and getting everyone frustrated. And so manual isn't gonna suffice for the scale of change in open source as well as features and functionality. And so we've got to integrate open source efficiently into software engineering. It's overdue. And we're gonna need a community to participate here. So, and I'm just gonna leave you with a hint is don't expect the upstream project maintainers to take the lead here. We've got to find new people to basically do it. And if we're lucky, they'll tell us we're wrong. Thank you.


So I wish to join the civil service because of the diversity of the opportunity it provides. With that there is a good career prospect and I also get to serve the society. Very nice. So what qualities do you possess which will make you a good civil servant? So I think I have a decent knowledge of the society. I am honest and possess integrity. I am patient and can understand people. I am sensitive towards people in the society. I think these qualities make me able to be joining the services. When did you complete your VAC honours? So I completed my VAC honours in 2016. Okay, since then what have you been doing? Sir, I started preparing in 2016. I gave my personal opinion. What is judicial activism? So judicial activism is a means by which judiciary tries to enter the premises of the legislature or the executive. However, it does so in the constitutional means itself when it sees that certain laws are lacking in certain areas or implementation of these laws have not been done properly. Can you think of some cases where you think and you feel that judiciary cross-delimits and maybe it mounted to judicial activism as per your definition? Sir, on the top of my mind I have one incident where judiciary announced that CNG buses should be made compulsory in Delhi. You have heard of Visakha Guidelines. Do you think that was activism? Sir, I wouldn't say it was activism per se, but definitely because judiciary entered the premises of making these guidelines and directed to have them implemented. So yes, sir, it would be a waterline case of judicial activism. What is the present scenario with respect to the present law on sex or last inter-workplace? The name, you don't need to know, but do you know what has happened subsequently? What is the new development? So the development right now is that all the companies and firms, they have to implement sectional harassment guidelines which are there in the mentioned in the Visakha Guidelines. And they also need to have an ICC to oversee any complaints that come in for sectional harassment in workplaces. I need to point out, the Visakha Guidelines court itself said that there is a vacuum. That's why we are saying these guidelines are there. Till enactment of a law, now law has been enacted. Yes, sir. What do you think about the Me Too movement? I think the Me Too movement was a great step forward because it brought in a lot of changes in the way victims were perceived earlier before this movement. I also feel that Me Too movement changed the way organizations used to function before it. It also gave a lot of courage to women to come in and complain right on the spot. They got a lot of force with the other women in the society who joined in. And because of that, many women who had faced a lot of harassment five or ten years back were also able to come out. Was it an account of systemic failure on the document law? Why? Because if there is law, they could have invoked the law as well. So the laws are not as such. I wouldn't say that there are less laws. Laws are definitely there. But yes, there have been some errors in implementation. And at a societal level, we have not been able to bring in the change in mentality towards women as such because of which a social movement like Me Too was necessary. Recently, one judgment was delivered with respect to 1984 incident. Do you remember? Sir, could you please... It was related to violence at your stake. Yes, Sir, Sikrayat's case. What was that? Sir, the judgment that came in was... Sir, one of the people from the Congress Party that time was convicted in the Sikrayat's case of 1984. Okay. There was a... Right now, there was a Supreme Court doing against certain practices in the scheduled cast. Subsequently, there was an amendment. What is the latest position on that? Sir, now some review petitions have been filed. The last year, Supreme Court had allowed the changes, the amendments which were brought in by the government in prevention of atrocities against SCST. Earlier, anticipatory bails were not being provided. But according to these amendments, now they can apply for anticipatory bail. Supreme Court allowed these changes because it felt that a lot of cases which were coming in were actually fake cases and the conviction rate was low because of that. Okay. Last question. What was the judgment in that case between Delhi government and the left-wing and governor? What was the judgment by the Supreme Court? Sir, by the judgment of this case against... of Delhi government versus the left-wing governor, Supreme Court cleared the position of the government and said that Delhi itself has a special status and it is actually a constitutional hybrid. These are the words which Supreme Court used. Earlier, the left-wing governor could take a lot of matter to the president, which will not be happening right now. The Supreme Court also cleared that the left-wing governor has to work clearly on the aid and advice of the council of ministers of the Delhi government. What are the three subjects which are there with the center? So, land, public order and police. Pass on. Do you have a B.S.C. or a Felix? Yes, sir. Do you have a ticket for sociology at your option? Yes, sir. Why so? Sir, actually when I took physics after standard 12, I had a lot of interest in physics. But after studying it for one year, I realized that I do not have a calling for that subject. It was maybe because of my way of looking at it. So, in my second year of physics, I decided to take up civil services. And then after my graduation, when I started researching about which subject should I take, I found sociology syllabus quite easy for me. I thought that I could do it. And also, I looked at the question papers and the past year questions. And I found that if I take up the subject, then I can score a decent amount of marks. You are interested in ODC? Yes, sir. As well as Bollywood dancing. Yes. What is the difference? Sir, these two are totally different dance forms per se. Because ODC comes from the classical dance form school. And Bollywood dancing encompasses everything in it. And ODC dance is specific to the culture of Odisha. And there are a lot of traditional elements in Odisha dance. Sir, from itkin. So, it comes from the temple dances called the Devadasi dance. Name five living Odisha dancers. Prominent. Yes, sir. So, the five prominent living Odisha dancers would be Sunil Kansing, Kumkum Anti, Mardhvi Mughal, Arunam Anti and Sajjani Mahal. Yeah. Okay. Name one foreign, you know, citizen who has adopted this form of classical dance and made a name. She has a dance school also. Sir, she would be Ilyana Sitaras. Correct. Okay. You have heard of the Kaliya scheme of Odisha? Yes, sir. How it is a march over the other schemes for relieving these farmers of their distress? Sir, Kaliya scheme is a revolution because it's not a farm loan waiver scheme which is being seen in most states right now. Secondly, it is applicable to all sections of farmers, landless farmers, cultivators, sharecroppers, landowners. Thirdly, the scheme covers not just farming. It also gives alternators for fisheries and agricultural processing industry. It would be a direct income transfer scheme and which would allow farmers to have 5000 rupees in grabi and 5000 rupees in current season. Have they started the implementing? Yes, sir. It has been started in some areas, not in the whole state. How much fund is there for this, any idea? Yes, sir. The funding is of 10,000 crore. Okay. Around 10,000 crore. It's little more than that. Okay. Tell me, you know, Orissa, you are from Orissa? Yes, sir. Orissa is full of mineral resources. Yes, sir. But it is still a poor and backward state. Yes, sir. Why it is so? Sir, there are some factors which are responsible why this state has been backward despite having a lot of mineral resources. The first would be infrastructure. The infrastructure development is low which includes both the basic and the infrastructure needed for industries. The second would be low level of industrialization. So the third would be the human resource development has been low because of which poverty still remains. There is a lack of skilled development in the state. Sir, and I think these are the basic reasons why it remains backward. You know, there will be something about the smart city projects. So the smart city project is a flagship scheme of the present government. It is to make the cities which we live in today better in terms of infrastructure, in terms of living conditions, to bring about digital technologies and digital interventions to change the way cities function. It would also have components of better ways disposal, traffic management, law and order. How many cities has been enlisted? Sir, I don't know the correct figure right now, but initially hundreds of cities have been enlisted. What is the budget? Last year, whether they have allocated something out of the total amount to get furthest? The size of total amount of cities. Okay, thank you. You studied sociology. Tell me what are the effects of immigration? Immigrations, firstly, are a huge burden on the resources. Secondly, because of immigration, the social conditions are affected in an area. The immigrants in an area have to face a lot of problems in merging with the living conditions of the cities. There is a problem of housing, of any other kind of resource distribution that has to happen. Have you heard of the Rohingyas? Yes. What is the problem about the Rohingyas? The Rohingyas come from the prosecuted minorities of Myanmar. They were pushed out of the country because of the prosecution that was happening from the Buddhist sections of those cities. So do we have also some Rohingyas in our country? Yes, we do. What's their present status? Last year, an effort was made to have a deliberation with Bangladesh to send the Rohingyas to Bangladesh because it was seen that some radical elements present in the Rohingyas community could pose a danger for our society. And right now we are working on that front to have continuous dialogue and deliberation so as to have them safely deported back. It is being said that the values of our youth are changing in India. What would you ascribe these changes to? Keeping social energy and the Bangladesh. Ma'am, the youth today are far more integrated with technology and society because of social media, digitalization and mass media present today. What about concepts like westernization, urbanization, modernization? Ma'am, westernization, modernization, urbanization are concepts which are affecting the whole society as such. And the youth form a large part of the society. So westernization, modernization as we know they are external factors which come in and affect the society. They bring in changes in lifestyle, food, culture, taste of the people. So the youth today are very much influenced by the western factors and the western influences that our society is facing. Urbanization has led, there are positive and negative factors. Now the negative factors would be that because of extreme amount of urbanization, the youth face a problem, a resource crunch. The number of jobs are declining in the cities where the youth go out for work. And because we have a significant demographic dividend, so the youth you mean by a demographic dividend? The demographic dividend is the kind of youth bulge that we see. That is the people in the working age from 15 to 59 years are in large numbers but if they are not slimmed then what could happen? Now that is the issue. Though we have a huge demographic dividend but unskilled demographic dividend would actually lead to a disaster because they would enter into social crimes and create nuisance in the society. So skilled demographic dividend would mean we have more people in the job sector and they are able to contribute to the common economy. The problem of left-wing extremism continues to happen. In fact, I think also the most important stress problem is persisting. How do you adjust the amount of sociology? What do you take on that? So left-wing extremism was very rampant during the 2010-2011 but has been declining since last two years. That is because of the combined effort of centre and state. This naturally happened in the state because of the infrastructure deficit and development deficit that we saw in many parts of the world as opposed to the post-luritsa which was getting developed. So these people, especially in the tribal world, they were being radicalized by certain sections of the accidents and the mowers and they were entering the left-wing extremism. However, in the last 50 years and from the reports, we have seen that there is a huge decline in the numbers and that is majorly because of the state. Are you aware that 115 districts have been identified? This is called the Aspirational Districts. Yes, sir. How many districts from Odisha have been identified? Any idea? And how have they been identified? On what basis? Sir, I don't remember the figure from Odisha but these districts are majorly the ones which have been left behind in the development index and basically these are the districts which would be taken up by, which would be taken up. And who monitors the progress? The district magistrate will be monitoring the progress. The macro level? Sir, the IOP? Yes. Okay, now Nihangiri, you must have heard of that, right? What is the significance of Nihangiri's argument? Sir, the significance is that it is a tribal belt and the tribes were having a problem with the project which I come into. Which company? Which company were you? Sir, it was... Vedanta. Okay, continue. Sir, Vedanta wanted to exploit Bokside from the Nihangiri area. What was the final judgment of Nihangiri? Sir, the judgment was in favour of the tribals and indigenous people. Now the project will not be taken up and these people because they will be having a problem of livelihood. What is the legal or the law point that Supreme Court made in the judgment about displacement of tribals? Sir, I don't know. Okay. Udhan scheme, you must have heard. Yes. Tell us briefly about what was the idea behind the Udhan scheme. So the Udhan scheme looks at regional connectivity to many of the tier 2 and tier 3 cities which were not being connected by air. In Udhan scheme, a lot of cities have been brought in and... There is a subsidy involved, right? Yes, sir. And there is an element of subsidising the unsurped and underserved cities. How is the subsidy to be met? Is there any role of financing as a part of the scheme? Something called viability? Yes, sir. What does it mean? Sir, in viability, so I don't... Okay. Any district, any place from Udisha which is covered under this Udhan scheme? Yes, sir. Please, sir. Jhatsupada and Laokkala. Okay. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Can you recall some two, three major landmark judgments of the Supreme Court in recent months which have a very wide social impact? Yes, sir. So, the first would be the Sakrimana judgment. The second would be the judgment of the CBI in the CBI case. So, and the third would be... Social impact. CBI, isn't it? And Savimala is confined to all the one state. There are some other issues, some other very major... So, I can recall these two. Privacy. Privacy. So, last two, three... Yes, privacy is important. Tripultala? Yes, sir. Tripultala. What about 377? Yes, sir. Decision of 377? Yes, sir. Yes, sir. And also, it has decriminalized adultery? Yes, sir. Okay. Yes, sir. What is Udisa's growth rate? Sir, last year the growth rate was 7.14%. Correct. Good. This year, figures haven't come. No, sir. And, but in... It was pretty good. 7.1 is not bad. Yes, sir. What is India's average? Sir, this year, according to CIO estimates, it's 7.2%. 7.2%. And in the human development index, where does it stand? Sir, it stands on the lower end. I'm not able to recall the exact length. Is Udisa... What are the main features? If you look, go through Udisa. Go to countryside and all. What impression do you get about this state? It has poverty. It has hunger. Or the people are happy and the... What impression do you get? Sir, basically, there is a general lack of urban development in Udisa. And because of that, we see only 16% of the population lives in urban areas, as opposed to the national average is 30%. I'm talking of over-helping. The population lives in the villages, countryside. Yes, sir. Or in suburban areas. No, sir. What is the impression do you get? Sir, the impression that we get from countryside is that there is a problem of poverty. And even education and health... How much nutrition do you find there? Yes, sir, there is malnutrition. Nutrition. So the figures are getting better day by day? Not day by day. Possibly in a decade they will get better. Alright. So what are the schemes, government schemes, which are prevalent in Udisa for better health, better food, nutrition? What schemes are involved? Sir, for health, the most important flagship scheme is Biju, Swasta, Kalyan, Yojna. For food and health, there are a lot of schemes which are given to the farmers like Madhuk, like Prushak, I'm not able to remember the names. And even national health mission which is being forced is also having some elements of nutrition in it. Food security act? Yes, the food security act. Which is enforced through the PDA system? Correct or not? Yes, sir. That is one of the major schemes. Yes, sir. Now, Udisa hasn't accepted Ayushman scheme. No, sir. Which scheme is better, Ayushman or Biju? Sir, though Ayushman Bharat has many positives, but Udisa government is going with Biju, Swasta, Kalyan, Yojna because it gives the health insurance to around 7 lakh, there will be around 7 lakh as the insurance benefit which is 5 lakh per year in Ayushman Bharat. So that is the... So it's a better scheme? Yes. It covers up to 7 lakhs? Yes, sir. Very good. So we close the interview here. You have performed very well and you have been able to handle all questions with a lot of confidence and good knowledge. I'd like to just give you a little feedback. Most questioning is going to be based on your background. From bio-data, what we find is that you... Number one is you are from Udisa. So questions from Udisa are definitely going to be asked. Sociology. Then third would be your cultural... Your extracurricular activities like Udisi dance, etc. So we have asked you questions on those also. Dance forms, etc. Then current affairs and constitutional issues. So from that point of view, if you see, we have asked you about Udisha activism, VISA, SC, SD8, then KALIA scheme, which is an important scheme. Udisa full of mineral resources by SC tour, that is the reason. You were asked about smart cities and the most liveable city in India, which is considered the most liveable city in India? Sir, I... This ranking has been done by a foreign agency. Yes, sir. Which one? I think KALPOOL, I am not sure. No, not sure. It's been developed as a smart city. Yes, sir. And it comes within the first 20 cities, most liveable cities in the world. So 20th number is Udisa. You should be proud of it, but you should know something about it. What has been done there? Then sociology, we have asked you a large number of questions on sociology. So team called judgments, and then about Udisa itself, like Aishman Harath scheme, your Biju Patnaik, Biju Patnaik scheme, then growth human development index. These are the areas on which you must focus your attention. Right? Are you reading those texts? Yes, sir. Carefully? Yes, sir. Good. You have done really well. Keep up your good work. Thank you. Is this your first time? Yes, sir. Thank you. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel. And press the bell icon to never miss an update.


Ball games are, of course, a test of skill and coordination in all playgrounds, but they're also part of a long cultural history. Games played by girls with one or two balls, sometimes against a wall, sometimes not, and accompanied by rhymes such as the popular one, two, three, O'Leary, or Oliver Twist, can you do this, were collected across Britain throughout the 20th century. These games, variously called planesies, sevensies, exercises and other names, seem to have largely disappeared from school playgrounds. Others, however, have taken their place, and these are played by boys and girls. One popular game is Champ, also known as Squares, Scrubby, or Four Square, where players hit the ball with their hand into chalked squares on the playground. Other ball games and ball sports still current in the playground are dodgeball, basketball, cricket, and rounders. About the most popular and enduring form of ball game is football. Football has become the dominant ball game of many playgrounds, but all is not quite as it seems. In virtually all playgrounds, it's impossible to play 11-a-side standard football. Children, instead, improvise footballing games using, say, one goal only, everyone against everyone else, three goals and in, and so on. Again, as with all the other games, football is used as a source, which the children transform to fit the participants of the moment and the contingencies of place. Children may also practice individual skills and tricks like spot, headers and volleys, wembley and keepy-uppy. Football has perhaps the most conspicuous cultural dimension, and many children will enthusiastically tell you which team they support, which player they idolise, which stadium they visited or aspire to visit. Again, it's worth remembering that not all children enjoy games of physical prowess. We came across one who had found an ingenious way around this, while still engaging with footballing culture, which was to improvise football commentaries on the playground in the style and tone of professional commentators complete with imaginary microphone.


What has gone on people it is now Thursday morning and I'm just sitting down doing some YouTube and doing some editing and having a coffee and starting my day right so yesterday, I actually went back to the gym after I did back and I did some biceps. I didn't do rear delts. What that means is that the first day I did push I did everything in two workouts the second day I did legs in one workout and then yesterday I did a pull workout in two workouts So I've trained five times in the last three days and I still feel fine today. I can't wait I literally cannot wait to hit chest and triceps again Two muscle groups.  It's it's sick.  You know what I mean? Is is a great feeling can't wait See there what is happening people just finished training chest and shoulders Didn't do triceps gonna do triceps tomorrow or may do it the next day with biceps and make it a arms day but guys I Just brought out the camera because there's two things. I noticed man. There's two things. I noticed consistently When I so is it something like Jesus Christ?  I only just finished my last last set of Side raises about 30 seconds ago Because it's 5 30 and I've got to go meet meet mum for dinner at 6 But what I was gonna say about these two things that I notice all the time Is I'm sit I go and like do my warm-ups. Let's say for a chest session I'll spend, you know, five six seven minutes doing my shoulder warm-ups Then I'll go over to my first exercise. I sit down and I'll literally spend probably a good half an hour on my first exercise in most workouts I Warm up the most on that on that exercise.  I'm feeling the strongest. I'm hitting good quality reps I'm hitting good working sets getting my getting my reps that I want. I'm feeling good So I stay on that machine. I want to get the absolute most out of that movement It's so much more efficient going into the gym and and doing three exercises for six seven eight sets each rather than, you know Only just getting a pump on an exercise after three sets and then switching to another one Which is a different movement, you know, it's not gonna it's not gonna continue that hypertrophy that you want I feel like at least on that first exercise that first big compound exercise where you're really gonna push Balls to the wall, you know, you want you want to get those reps at heavy weight and what I noticed guys is I sit down on that machine And literally someone will sit down on a machine next to me or across the gym, whatever They'll do three sets on that. They'll get up.  I'm ready to move on to the next one I just don't think these guys have mind muscle connection. They just they're obviously not feeling the muscle Especially when it's busy, you know, I say three exercises seven or eight sets each rather Than five or six exercises and just do three or four sets each I'd much rather sit on the same machine and get the absolute most out of it and recruit the most muscle fibers short long Everything because in that half an hour that I spend on that one machine. I'm doing sets of 40. I'm doing sets of 20 I'm doing working sets of, you know, six to eight I'm doing a drop set of fricking another 20 or 30 reps, you know, I'm hitting all the different muscle fibers There's no doubt about that so Yeah, that would be my rant on that one That I see guys going between four different exercises by the time I'm finished my first one That is what I see very often and the second thing guys. I'm not even gonna go into really. I've just noticed recently that You know, if I'm walking towards someone they're working walking towards me. We're obviously gonna Catch eye contact at some point.  It's just stupid, you know smiles are they're infectious and Anyways, the thing that I've been noticing is that when people do look up and they look in my eyes They don't smile or or at least I think that they are not expecting me to smile and you know It's just not the case I don't know who's been giving the evils to these new guys in the gym, but it ain't me so smile guys honestly a smile is so infectious it can brighten someone's day a smile is it's so powerful it really is and I've got to try and do it more often basically But in the gym man, I'm all smiles that the gyms my fucking happy place that it seriously is it always has been like It may take a few exercises To get into it it may take a few sets and a few it may take a few reps a few sets to actually get into the workout But once I do man, it's all smiles music in You know, I'm ready to help people if they need it like ready to chat if anyone wants to you know Get some help or whatever. I'm already and the gyms my definitely my happy place So anyways, those are two things that I was just thinking about so yeah I think I'm not sure what we're gonna do for dinner, but I am gonna go see my mom now So today's been another great day in Christchurch. My dad is feeling Better he's been working all this week. So I haven't been able to see him throughout the day But I have been hanging out with them at night and you know, he's he's doing all right I definitely think it was worth me coming over so Yeah That's about it. Peace. I just saw a brown cardboard box on the on the side of the road And I thought I thought automatically it's got to be a kangaroo But of course, there's no kangaroos in New Zealand, but that's obviously my mind How it's conditioned to the Alice Springs You do see that pretty often see kangaroos on the side of the road.  It's it's pretty fun But right now guys, we're just heading through from Christchurch city through to Littleton, which is where I grew up and it's where my mom's living at the moment. So tomorrow I'm gonna show you guys around again about six months ago. No, not six months about 12 months ago I came back and I made a vlog Sorry, no about six months ago. I came back and I made a vlog called the old stomping grounds Well, that was about this place and You know, it's absolutely chocker full of memories, but the thing is is the big earthquake that happened on The big earthquake that happened on the 22nd of February 2011 the epicenter was right below Littleton so Littleton got absolutely flattened anything brick came down the whole town was pretty much fucked But it's been about five years since then so it's come a long way But there is a whole new crowd there. So I don't really bump into like, you know Old mates and things like that anymore, which kind of sucks, but everyone moves on right everything's got to change eventually So it's obviously been raining a bit here.  Can't wait to see her. I haven't seen her in like six months. So that'd be awesome Have a good night guys. Peace


Personal Finance PowerPoint Presentation When to take Social Security Prepare to get financially fit by practicing personal finance In prior presentations, we've been focusing in on retirement planning In prior sections, we've talked about investment goals, strategies, tools Now honing them down to the specific goal of retirement planning Quick recap of the typical types of sources of incomes you might have In retirement, which could include employer pension plans Which might include the 401k plan in our list We've talked about in prior presentations We've got the public pension plans Which we could include the 403b plan here We can compare the public pension plans to the employer pension plans Similar except working for the public sector Working for the government for example We're also going to include in this section the benefit programs Like the big one we're talking about here Social security, you might include other benefit programs Such as Medicare and Medicaid But we're going to be thinking about social security here You got the personal retirement which may include IRAS Or other types of savings that we have specifically for retirement And annuities of specific kind of vehicle We might get into a little bit more for retirement planning Focusing here, we're looking at information primarily from Investopedia when to take social security The complete guide which you could find online Take a look at the references, resources Continue your research from there This by Amy Fontenille updated April 25th, 2022 As we think about social security You can think about the two ends of social security Usually we're thinking about when we're putting money into the social security For taxes and then what we're focused in on here The benefits when we're getting the money back from social security That's what we're focused in on that time There is some relationship between the two Because the amount of money will get back Will be dependent in part on how much we put into the system And when we decide to start taking the money When our retirement age will be Which is our main focus at this point Also remember that if you're further and further away from the retirement age Then you want to be more and more skeptical of using it As your major planning for retirement Because the laws could change going forward If you're close to retirement Then you would expect that they're not going to pull the rug out from under you If you're further away from retirement I would be much more skeptical to be dependent upon the social security If you have it, great If it's not there, you'd like to be able to set up a plan So that you'd still be okay, hopefully Okay, so here we go When to take social security, the complete guide So clearly the question would be Should I take the social security as soon as possible I might get longer amounts of payments then But the amount that I get might be shorter or lesser So the question would be What would be the best maximizing strategy To maximize my social security earnings So if you're about to retire You may be wondering whether you should start claiming Your hard earned social security benefits now Here are a few key factors to consider in making that decision When can I start collecting social security Now the age is one of the things that they're extending As time passes and we would expect them to continue To increase the age as people live longer And as they try to afford the payouts For the social security as time passes So the minimum age to claim benefits is 62 If you are turning 62 and need the income From social security to support yourself Then you can start claiming your benefits now However, if you have enough other income To keep you going until you're older You may want to delay increasing the size of your monthly benefits So the basic idea would be If you take the money earlier Then that's great because you'll get the money earlier And you'll start getting the payments earlier But you might have a decreased amount of payment That you're going to get And then if you could wait Then it could be more beneficial to wait And get the larger or full amount of the payment By claiming it at the full retirement age So what is full retirement age Sometimes called FRA The size of your monthly social security benefit Depends on a few factors including How much you earned over the years The year you were born And the age when you started claiming down to the month So these are the factors to get involved here With how much you're going to calculate For the benefits that you will have The earnings years How much earnings were subject to social security Meaning how much did you pay into the system And then what's the year that you can retire Given when you're retiring And the law that's going to be applied there And are you going to take the money earlier Or wait till you hit the full retirement age So you'll receive your full benefit If you start claiming when you reach What social security considers your full retirement age The FRA So that's when you get the full benefit retirement age If you go earlier than that You might have a lesser amount Sometimes also referred to as normal retirement age FRA was 65 For social security began But it has been raised to 67 For anyone born in 1960 or later So we would expect maybe they're going to keep on Increase in this full retirement age In order to deal with the fact that we can't afford This whole thing But anyways To find your FRA See the chart below So you got the year of birth We got the 1937 Or earlier 65 1938 65 and two months 1939 65 and four months 1940 65 and six months 1941 65 and eight months 1942 65 and ten months 1943 to 1954 1966 1955 1966 and two months 1956 1966 and four months Down to 1960 Which would be at 67 At that point that would be 1960 Or later at this time So how to calculate social security benefits Let's say your FRA is 66 If you start claiming benefits at age 66 And your full monthly benefit is $2,000 When you'll get $2,000 per month So if you start claiming benefits at age 62 Which is 48 months early Then your benefit will be reduced to 75% Of your full monthly benefit Also called your quote Primary insurance amount In other words You'll get 25% less per month And your check will be $1,500 So obviously you'll get a lesser amount And that lesser amount could stick Even after you hit the full retirement age Usually But you'll get it for a longer period of time So you've got to kind of weigh the pros and cons You could take into consider life and expectancy And so on If you're going to die fairly soon That you think you might benefit Or you might get more money earlier If you're going to live a good while going forward Then the $2,000 How long would you calculate the break-even point? How long would you have to live Before the $2,000 higher amount Would recap the early payments That you would be receiving You can calculate when that break-even point would be So to reduce benefit Won't increase once you reach age 66 So you'll continue to receive it for the rest of your life It may go up over time due to cost of living adjustments Colas but only slightly So once again That reduced benefit won't increase once you reach age 66 So you might say Well, if I get the early benefits of $1,500 Then maybe when I get full retirement age They'll increase it to the full amount of $2,000 No, that's not the case Because again you got the benefit of getting paid $1,500 For that timeframe And that's going to make up for the fact That you're going to get a lesser amount Going forward from that point in time So again you can kind of calculate what the break-even will be It may still increase but due to the inflation adjustments Meaning normal inflation adjustments Due to the time value of money could increase it But they're not increasing it to the $2,000 If you would have waited for the full retirement So you can do the math for your own situation Using Social Security Administration SSE Early or late retirement calculators So they got tools on the website To help you to punch in these numbers and do the calculations One of a number of benefit calculators provided by the SSA They can also help you determine your FRA The SSA's estimate of your life expectancy And benefit calculations Rough estimates of your retirement benefits Individualized projections of your benefit Based on your personal work record and more So you can use a lot of those tools online You might want to use those tools online To kind of supplement your own worksheet That we talked about in a prior presentation On how you can kind of put these calculations together Because that can help you to do what if scenarios If you could put the stuff in like Excel for example Then you can do scenarios and say Okay well what if I waited a little bit more time Or what if I worked more What would that have an impact on my full retirement age calculations And so on and so forth And again clearly your life expectancy Is one of the things you'd want to kind of consider In terms of taking early benefits Versus waiting until the retirement age And so there we got that, that's another factor So what happens if you claim after your FRA Full retirement age If you wait until your age 70 to start claiming benefits Then you'll get an extra 8% per year Or in total 132% of your primary insurance amount 2640 per month In the example above for the rest of your life Claiming after you turn 70 Doesn't increase your benefits further So there's no reason to wait longer than that The longer you can afford to wait after age 62 Up to 70 the larger your monthly benefit will be Nevertheless delaying benefits doesn't necessarily Mean you'll come out ahead overall Clearly is not simply to get the largest amount of payments That you're going to be receiving because to do so You're delaying the payments into the future So clearly if you wait until you get the maximum amount At 70 and then you die at 72 Then you're not going to be increasing your benefits But if you maximize the amount at 70 And then you live to be 120 Then it's likely that those higher benefits Might outweigh the fact that you waited longer Before getting the benefits which again You can kind of calculate using a break-even type of calculation To figure those kind of estimates Which will be dependent in part on your life expectancy Other factors should be considered Including your expected longevity And whether you or your spouse plan to file for special benefits It always kind of makes me laugh When I feel like what happens when they figure out the key That everybody's going to live another 100 years Or something like that Our social security program is going to die Because it still doesn't matter So you should also consider the tax Investment opportunity and health coverage implications Your likely longevity So much of our strategy on maximizing Social security retirement benefits Depends on guesses as to how long we'll live Of course any of us could die in an accident Or get a dire diagnosis next week But putting aside these unpredictable possibilities How long do you think you'll live? How are your blood pressure, cholesterol, weight And other health markers How long have your parents and other relatives lived? So you can use actuarial tables To get an average of how long people will live But clearly you can get kind of a more personalized Idea of your individual circumstances as well So if you foresee an above average life expectancy For yourself, of course I'm living to be 240 Then you may come out ahead By waiting to claim benefits If not, then you may want to claim your benefits As soon as you're eligible To make an educated guess about when to claim Try doing a breakdown analysis The analysis can tell you When the total benefits you would receive By waiting will begin to exceed The total you would receive By taking benefits earlier In other words, usually the idea The decision would be Should I take the early benefits or wait till full retirement age Although you can go from full retirement To a later time as well But if you think about that process Then you've got to think how long What would my life expectancy have to be Before waiting until Full retirement age Would be beneficial Meaning I would have to live longer For waiting to the full retirement age To be beneficial And then if you think you're going to clear that In terms of your living capacity Then you would think it might be worthwhile From a total dollar standpoint To wait it out and get the higher payment So if for example You get $1,500 a month Starting at age 62 Or $2,000 a month starting at age 66 Then you will receive You will have received roughly the same amount In total benefits by age 77 Or so at that point The higher monthly benefits That you get as a result of waiting Will begin to pay off So she's saying that So if you compare these two By the time you get to 77 Then I believe she's saying That the benefits that you got from the early payment Of the $1,500 Will then be outweighed By the higher payments If you would have waited until the later time To 66 And then any amount of life Past 77 Then it would be more beneficial to have The higher benefits So if you think that you're going to clear 77 Fairly easily You would expect then if you could wait Then it might be worthwhile from a total dollar standpoint To wait if you're going to die significantly Before 77 Then you would think maybe you want the money now The social security website Will tell you that regardless of when You start claiming your lifetime benefits Will be similar if you live As long as the average retiree The problem is that not everyone Will have an average life expectancy Hence all the different Claiming strategies So if you look at something on average That's great but the average isn't Representative of one individual Person who could be outside Clearly could be outside the average By a significant margin So claiming spousal benefits Because of the program's spousal benefits Being married can further complicate The decision of when to take social security So now you've got the benefits How can you split the benefits between The two individuals Remember traditionally We had a situation where you had a one income household And still it's still a case where You're going to have one person If you have kids that is probably going to be Sacrificing some work time For the kids and therefore paying less Into the social security And you don't want them to not be benefiting From the social security program Because of course they're caring for the kids So the work and so on So how do you deal with the social security For a spousal kind of situation So some divorced spouses are also Entitled to benefits based on Their ex-spouses work record Spouses who don't qualify for their own Social security Spouses who don't work at a pay job Or don't earn enough credits To qualify for social security on their own Are eligible to receive benefits Starting at age 62 Based on their spouse's record Spouses with claiming benefits on your own Record, your spousal benefit will be Reduced if you take it before reaching Your FRA The highest spousal benefit that you can Receive is half of your benefit That your spouse is entitled to After FRA While spouses get a lower benefit If they claim before reaching their own FRA for retirement age They will not get a larger spousal benefit By waiting to claim after Their FRA say Age 70 So that higher waiting longer Than your full retirement age situation There might not be beneficial in that case However, a non-working Or lower earning spouse may get A larger spousal benefit if the working Spouse has some late career High earning years that boost Their benefits So when a spouse dies When one spouse dies, the surviving spouse Is entitled to receive the higher Of their own benefit The deceased spouse's benefit So now you've got the other spouse Maybe didn't work as much Because maybe they were taking care of the kids If the one that was a higher wage earner Died, then you would think it would be reasonable That they should get access to possibly The higher benefits given the fact Given that situation So that's why financial planners often Advise the higher earning spouse To delay claiming If the higher earning spouse dies first Then the surviving lower earning spouse Will receive a larger social security check For life And the higher earning is probably going to die first Because that's how it is When the surviving spouse hasn't reached Their FRA for retirement age They will be entitled to Pro-rated amounts starting At age 60 Once at their FRA for retirement age The surviving spouse is entitled to 100% of the deceased spouse's Benefit on their own benefit Or their own benefit Whichever is higher So no more File and suspend Note that the claiming strategy Called file and suspend Which allowed married couples Who have reached their FRA For retirement age to receive Spousal benefits and delayed Retirement credits at the same time Ended as of May 1st 2016 So if you have that in your mind You've got to refresh your mind Whatever Spouses born before January 2nd In 1954 Who have attained their FRA For retirement age may still be able To file a restricted application It allows them to claim Spousal benefits while delaying Their own benefits up to age 70 Taxes on your benefits Your social security benefits may be Partially taxable if your combined Income exceeds certain thresholds We might dive into this in a bit more detail later Then the question is if I get a benefit Is that income tax And obviously from a tax standpoint The IRS usually says everything's taxed Unless we say it's otherwise But this is kind of like a benefit program So then it's taxed based on Your income level and you have thresholds We might get into later more But in any case, regardless of how much you make The first 15% of your benefits Are not taxed So the SSA Social Security Administration Defines combined income Your adjusted gross income That's kind of like your basically How much you earned minus The adjustments above the line deductions Or schedule one deductions Plus non-taxable interest for example Municipal bonds interest Plus half of your social security benefits Your combined income So if you file your federal tax returns As an individual And your combined income is $25,000 To $34,000 Then you may have to pay income tax Of up to 50% of your benefits If your combined income Is more than $34,000 You may have to pay tax On up to 85% of your benefits If you're married filing a joint return And your combined income is $32,000 To $44,000 Then you may have to pay income tax On up to 50% of your benefits If your combined income is more than $44,000 You may have to pay tax On up to 85% Of your benefits Of tax benefits Let's take a look at an example then Let's say you receive the maximum social security benefit For a worker retiring at F.R.A.H Full retirement age in 2021 $3,148 Per month Your spouse receives half as much Or $1,574 A month Together you receive $4,722 A month Or $56,664 Per year And $38,332 Counts towards Your combined income for determining Whether you have to pay tax On part of your social security benefits Let's further assume That you don't have any non-taxable Interest, wages, or other income Except for your traditional Individual retirement accounts IRAs required minimum distribution So you got to take money out of your IRA Of $10,000 for the year So that's taxable generally Your combined income would be $38,332 Half of your social security income Plus your IRA distribution Which would make up To 50% of your Social security benefits taxable Because you've exceeded the $32,000 Threshold It's very simple Now, you may be thinking 50% of $56,664 Is $28,332 And I'm in the 12% Tax bracket So the tax of my social security benefits Will be $3,399.84 Fortunately The calculation takes other factors Into account and your tax would be A mere $225 You can read all about The taxation of social security benefits In the Internal Revenue IRS Publication 915 So it can get A little bit complex Is the general idea But as your income goes up More likely you're going to get taxed I believe the cap of the amount That would be taxed was at that 85% As your income That's kind of the general idea And you can dive into the weeds To see how the threshold Goes up And you can take a look at that publication To do so And you can read all about The social security benefits At today's marginal tax rates They may not have much of an impact On most people Still, tax rates and income thresholds Can change So it's worth remembering That you will lose less of your social security To taxes If you are in a lower marginal tax Bracket When you begin to collect So in other words From other sources Then you're going to have a higher tax bracket Because we have a higher progressive tax system Which may mean that more of your social security Money is subject to taxes And possibly subject To the higher marginal tax rates So if you have lesser income Maybe if you're thinking that later on At full retirement age You're going to have less taxable income Then how significant would that be In terms of how much you're going to pay Social security tax You might consider You should also note that if you decide to return To work even part-time And aren't yet at your FRA Full retirement age Your social security benefits may be temporarily reduced So if you're not at the full retirement age And you take the early distribution And then you work it may have an impact On the amount that you get So the reduction Is $1 for every $2 of Earned income Over $18,960 In 2021 And $19,560 In 2022 During the year when you reach your FRA Full retirement age Your benefits will be reduced By $1 for every $3 In income Over $50,520 In 2021 $51,960 In 2022 until the month When you become fully eligible So that money isn't lost SSA will credit it to your record When you reach your FRA Resulting in a higher benefit So investing your benefits So are you a Disciplined savvy investor Who thinks you could earn more By claiming early investing your benefits Then claiming later And receiving Social securities Guaranteed higher benefits So you might be thinking hey there's a time value Of money factor here If I get the money sooner If I spend it Maybe I can get the money And I can invest it And then I can earn a return on it Because I'm an investor man And I can put it on the stock market Or something and get a higher return And that might skew Our calculation for that break even point As to taking the money early Or waiting until the full retirement age So then you may want to claim Early instead of waiting until age 70 However, it's important to remember And you may lose a portion Or all of your invested money Even the sappiest investors can't predict How their investments will perform Especially in the short term If you claim early Invest in the stock market And average an 8% annual return Which is far from guaranteed Then you almost certainly will come out ahead Compared with claiming late According to an analysis By Dan Koeplinger Director of investment planning For the Motley Fool So however If your returns are lower If you receive reduced social security benefits Because you continue working past age 62 If you have to pay taxes On your social security income Or if you have a spouse Who would benefit from claiming social security benefits Based on your record Then another Koeplinger Analysis suggests That all bets are off So timing and your health coverage So your health insurance coverage Can also play a role In deciding when to claim Social security benefits Do you have a health savings account That's an HSA To which you would like to keep contributing So if so Note that if you're age 65 Or older Then receiving social security benefits Requires you to sign up for Medicare Part A And once you sign up for Medicare No longer be allowed to add funds to your HSA So if you have an HSA That might throw a little wrinkle in your calculations In terms of when you should Start to take the money The SSA also cautions That even if you delay receiving Social security benefits until age Until after age 65 You might still need to apply for Medicare benefits within the three Months of turning 65 To avoid paying higher premiums For life For Medicare Part B And Part D In 2022, the average monthly premium For Part D will be $33 Per month Versus $31.47 In 2021 If you enroll in a Medicare Advantage Plan, the average monthly premium Will be $19 per month In 2022 Versus $21.22 Since in 2021 however If you are still receiving health insurance For your spouse's employer You might not yet have to enroll In Medicare So we've talked about Medicare In its own kind of section In Medicare and Medicaid In prior sections In any case, the bottom line You don't have to take Social Security Just because you're retired If you can live without the income Until age 70 Then you will ensure the maximum payment For yourself and lock in To have enough other income To keep you going and your health And good enough that you are likely To benefit from the wait When you're ready, you can apply For benefits online by phone Or at your Social Security office


Greetings friends. Welcome to CTUCC Conference Cast for September 6th, 2012, the regular podcast of the Connecticut Conference of the United Church of Christ. Whoever you are, and wherever you may be on life's journey at this very moment, you are welcome here. We begin this week's conference cast with this meditation from the Reverend Dr. Michael Seba, Southwest Regional Minister. In the 35th chapter of Isaiah, the Prophet describes a future of wonder and beauty. He writes, Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf unstopped. Then the lame shall leap like a deer and the tongue of the speechless sing for joy. And amidst all that, those who have been exiles will come home. In 2010, Dan Savage and Terry Miller founded It Gets Better as an outreach to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender teens who are at risk of suicide because of harassment, bullying, and lack of understanding from family and friends. The project encouraged adults to videotape messages to teens, to assure them that it does indeed get better, to encourage them to persevere, to accept and love who they are, and to seek out help and support, to not give up on life and to not lose hope. Currently, over 30,000 videos have been uploaded to the website, itgetsbetter.org. These videos have been viewed more than 40 million times. While some of the messages came from famous people, most came from ordinary individuals of all ages, genders, backgrounds, ethnicities, and sexual orientations. Together, they offer a moving testimony to the power that comes from collectively and individually speaking words of hope to those who are in despair. Isaiah also speaks to a people who are without hope. The people of Israel had lost their land, their place of worship, and their way of life. The exile in which they live is a new wilderness. The promise of a return to Jerusalem elicits more fear than hope. The present is awful, and the future doesn't look any better. Isaiah boldly proclaims to the people of his time and place, it gets better. The desert which seems dead to you won't just blossom, it will sing. Disabilities will be healed. The dry landscape will become wet. No one will get lost on God's highway. Those who were overwhelmed with sorrow will sing for joy. Isaiah is right to proclaim that God and only God can achieve such an overwhelming transformation. But God works through creation and through people. God speaks through the prophet. God acts through all creation. God builds highways, but we walk on them. God gives us voice, but we are the ones who must sing, write, preach, record, and proclaim. God calls us to bring water to the thirsty in a dry land. God calls us to proclaim hope in the face of despair. God calls us to proclaim to young and old, gay and straight, but it does indeed get better if we all travel the road and share the journey together. Here is a prayer for this week. God of hope, we know how easy it is for anyone to lose hope. Help us to proclaim good news to those who think the bad news is too much to bear. May we offer your hope to all who need hope, especially those who are most vulnerable. We pray in the name of Jesus, who brought good news and who was persecuted for who he was. In the news this week, as the working season turns to fall and students return to school, we've been doing some renovation work here at United Church Center in Hartford, replacing a decade old carpet on the basement level with new flooring. The carpet had endured several inundations over the years, including a major flood this summer when a heavy downpour overwhelmed Hartford storm drains and sent water up through sewer pipes into basements around the city. The new floor, funded by an insurance settlement, is a composite material that should hold up better if the waters return. The work required a temporary shutdown of the conference's email, which was then extended when the mail server coincidentally suffered a hardware failure when it was signed to restart it. Email services were restored after about six hours by 4 p.m. on Tuesday. We'd like to remind you of a couple of stories we ran last week. The Faith IN project first appeared with marches, rallies, and hands-on projects in Cleveland, Ohio where our denomination's national headquarters is. During the national youth event in July, participants learned about the project, intended to inspire local church outreach projects and make them more visible in their communities. Among the suggestions included in the project guide, adopt a street, partner with a school, share food, inspire joy, and most important of all, be the church worth joining. There's more information and a supportive community on the initiative's website, faithinproject.com. Next April, UCC churches and people will take on another major project, much like last November's Mission One effort. Titled Mission For One Earth, it will be 50 great days of love and labor on behalf of our home planet. The three goals are 100,000 trees planted around the world, 100,000 environmental advocacy letters sent to elected officials and the media, and one million hours of engaged care for the earth, including cleanup, advocacy, and education. Mission For One Earth begins on April 1st, the day after Easter Sunday, and runs the 50 days of the Easter season to conclude on Pentecost. For more information, visit ucc.org slash earth. You'll find all the current headlines on our website at ctucc.org slash news. It's time to register for General Association, the Connecticut Conference's annual gathering of authorized ministers, church musicians, and Christian educators to be held at Silver Lake September 23rd through 25th. Bishop Yvette Flunder of City of Refuge in San Francisco, one of the UCC's most dynamic congregations, will lead the group in living into a revival of self, church, and community. Revival, she says, is not an event. Revival is a way to live. It's a lifestyle. Also on the program, Interim Conference Minister Chuck Wildman, the General Association Banquet, and even Time on the High Ropes Challenge Course. Find out more and register at ctucc.org slash g-e-n-l-a-s-s-n. Plan to be at Middletown High School on Saturday, October 20th for the fall meeting of the Connecticut Conference. The program for the day is to lift up and celebrate bold inspirational goals. That's what we mean by the theme, Go Big. The conference will welcome as keynote speaker, the Reverend J. Bennett Guess, Executive Minister for Local Church Ministries of the United Church of Christ. In addition, we'll hear from Interim Conference Minister, the Reverend Charles L. Wildman, and from Conference Preacher, the Reverend Allison Buttrick Patton. Delegates will consider three resolutions and a new budget and funding plan for 2013. On Friday, October 19th, the authorized minister's luncheon features the Reverend Christopher L. Weber, who will describe the birth of a vision conceived 170 years ago when he speaks on defining the dream, James Pennington, and the beginning of the struggle for racial equality in America. Learn about strategic planning for congregations in West Hartford, September 11th through 13th. Patricia Bjorling is offering a workshop on creating a season of generosity as a new approach to stewardship in Meridan on September 15th. If you're interested in next spring's international mission trip with simply smiles to Oaxaca, Mexico, then be at Silver Lake on September 16th and come to Hartford on the 19th to honor conference registrar Sue Furness, who is retiring after nearly 30 years of service. The thinking about working for God congregational retreat in September 22nd at Silver Lake and ripples in the water building an open and affirming movement is the same day in North Haven. Connecticut women of the UCC hold their first fall retreat in Mystic on September 29th. Bishop Carlton Pearson will speak on live-by-faith due justice in Hartford on October 13th. And you can always learn about what's coming up in the Connecticut Conference at ctucc.org slash events. And that brings this conference cast to a close. Thanks to Michael Sebo for his reflection and to GarageBand for our music. Primary funding for conference cast comes from your congregation's gifts to our church's wider mission basic support changing lives through the United Church of Christ. This is Eric Anderson, the Minister of Communications and Technology for the Connecticut Conference of the United Church of Christ praying that your days this week may be filled with the presence the guidance and the grace of God.


Access your own weapon, make sure you don't sweep me, get that weapon, point it at that old guy and shoot him in the face twice. Good. So how is your day going? It's going great.


Question is from MJ Langevin. I am 190 pounds and intermittent fast from the hours of 8 p.m. and 12 p.m. the next day. What are some examples of how I can get enough protein in between those times of eating? And is it possible to still burn fat and build muscle while going about it this way? This has gone out in the hand. This intermittent fasting thing has just gotten so out of hand. You know who used to call that back every day?  Or you're not eating frequently enough. In fact, nine out of 10 times, if I got a client back in the day that told me that this is how they ate, I would recommend that they start eating breakfast. Absolutely, because you're missing nutrients. If the challenge is I can't get enough nutrients that my body needs, i.e. protein for building muscle, and I need help with figuring out how to fit in the window, give yourself a bigger window and stop worrying about it. Intermittent fasting is not that miraculous. I know we wrote a guide on it. We talk about the benefits of it, but this is where it's gotten out of hand is when we start to do it for whatever reasons that you've been sold on it. And it's actually now getting to a point where it's impeding. Well, it's been distorted. It's been impeding. It's now impeding what your body needs to build muscle, which is maybe your ideal situation or what you're trying to target here, or your adaptation you're seeking. And now because that you're stuck in this intermittent fasting program. Yeah, I can't eat for these hours. You just can. Eat a meal, because you need it. Because you need the extra protein and that's more important than you hitting your window target. Yeah, yeah, it's funny too. The benefits that you see from short, fast, which is what intermittent fasting is, most if not all of the benefits come from the calorie restriction that it ends up indirectly causing. Okay, so when you look at the studies and they say, oh look, people who don't eat between 8 p.m. and noon or whatever. And by the way, there are health benefits to not eating too close to bedtime. That's totally different, okay? I'm talking about the big window of not eating during the first half of the day or whatever. Studies that show the benefits that come from that, you can look at those studies and find that in reality, what the benefits are coming from is the fact that people are eating less calories because they've limited the amount of time that they're eating. Because you're not eating till noon, you're naturally eating less calories and that has all kinds of benefits. I mean, just reducing your calories will cause cell autophagy to happen, which you'll see in fasting. Now, long fasting is a totally different story. Fasting for 28 hours, excuse me, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, totally different. It's got tremendous health benefits, should be done not often, should be done maybe once a year or twice a year. But this whole trend right here, all it's done is it's given a name to people who don't eat breakfast. Yeah, honestly, that's what it is. I think that it's challenging a lot of times for people to reduce calories and I think this is a way to trick you into it because that's a major meal, you're just cutting out and all of a sudden now at the end of the total of the day, your overall calories go down and so that's great. However, even now I'm less to promote something like that where it's in this anabolic window or just this window. They call it anabolic fasting now, that's what I was trying to get at which is totally distorted. The benefits behind fasting in general for me to recommend but yeah, if I'm gonna tell somebody or have them go through a fast, it's usually a 24 hour fast to be able to really receive or 72 even to get all the health benefits of it, not necessarily trying to reduce body fat and get all these other attributes. The clients that we recommend intermittent fasting to are the ones that we're trying to break a relationship, a bad relationship with food.  I don't recommend intermittent fasting for 90% of the population. I do for my competitors, which I used to love to do because nobody was doing that. Nobody had a bikini competitor and in the middle of her diet go, you're gonna fast for 24 hours a day. No one else would do that. They would think they would lose all kinds of muscle that was, but what I would try and do, I was trying to break that, we're married to every two hours having to have a meal. And what's great with someone like that, they're so calculated about their macros, it would be very easy to now just shut off that window and they wouldn't get hurt from not having a day of hitting their protein intake because they're so consistent with it all the other times. The average person who already suffers from not getting enough protein intake that is now also intermittent fasting and is now asking me a question like, how do I fit the protein this window? Don't do it. You're not the right person for intermittent fasting. If you're struggling to hit your protein and take consistently in that window, then intermittent fasting is not a good tool for you. Right, and by the way, it's funny that people do this fasting and I used to do this as well where I wouldn't, if I did a period without eating, it would be the first half of the day. Studies show it might be better to do the reverse. So if you want to do this kind of a fast, you're probably better off rather than not eating your first meal till noon. You're probably better off eating in the morning and then cutting it off and giving yourself time without food before bed if you want to really start to split hairs. But look, at the end of the day, you want to hit your protein intake. You know what you do? Eat breakfast and you're done. You got it. It's not a problem. If anything, you'll notice benefits.


namaste everyone. My name is Greg Prescott from N5D.com and today I want to talk about the waves of energy that have been going through and how that affects us in the future. But first I want you guys to pay really close attention to this short video I'm going to play. And it's from Esoteric Agenda by Ben Stewart and it's featuring Greg Braden who talks about the codons in our DNA. Pay close attention and I'll be right back to show you what this means. There are only two emotions that human kind experiences. Fear and love. All other emotions branch either directly or indirectly from these two emotions. Fear has a long and slow frequency vibration to it while love has a very rapid and high frequency. To show that vibration is the very foundation of existence Hans Jene developed what is known as simatics in the 1940s to show that when vibrations of sound are passed through a form of media there is a set pattern that will follow. When the frequency increases the media develops into a more complex pattern. This is precisely what is happening to our earth and to humanity. There are 64 possible codes of amino acids in our DNA structure made from four elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. By any means of logic we should have all 64 codes activated within our DNA structure yet we presently only have 20 active codes. And of these 64 possibilities it appears that only 20 of these codes are turned on right now for us the 20 amino acids. There is a switch that turns off and turns on where those coding sites lie and that the switch for that turning off and turning on is what we call emotion and this is the first time that we've ever seen the patterns of emotion directly physically linked to human genetic material. Well fear is a long slow wave of emotion so this wave of fear is a long slow wave and touches relatively few sites on this DNA. So an individual living in fear is limited to the number of antenna that they have available to them or as an individual living in the pattern of love. This is love. In DNA you can see it's a higher frequency shorter wavelength. We have many more potential sites for coding along that genetic pattern. This information this is amazing this is the first time we've ever had a hard digital link between emotion and genetics. But welcome back. I hope you paid close attention. As Greg Brayden mentioned there's only 20 of the 64 codons in our DNA turned on. So if somebody can figure out how to turn on the remaining 44 codons in their DNA they can do anything. So what's happening right now with these waves of energy is that they're enabling the possibility of our codons being turned on but that the catch is you have to earn it and all you have to do is work in humanity's best interest. Raise your vibration do good things you know. Like I've always said about all religious texts should be four words love everyone respect everything. That's all you really need to do. But the reason for this is that if all the codons in everyone's DNA was turned on at the same time what would happen? I mean think about some of these world leaders that would just just want to push buttons all over the place about nuclear war and keeping us locked in subservience control and conformity. Is that something you want or is that something that has to be earned? Think about that.  You're gonna see probably a lot of people who are living in fear whether that's fear of the biblical God or fear of their government fear of whatever they're gonna be kind of lagging behind but the good thing is is that everyone is open to this. Everybody can move up and turn on all the codons in their DNA. Unlock their DNA strands. Everyone has this opportunity but you have to be working in humanity's best interests in order for this to actually kick in and start getting these abilities. It's kind of like a safeguard against people using it for the wrong reasons. So keep that in mind. What's gonna be happening? We're gonna see more and more of these waves coming in. These waves that have been coming in recently it's not just a one-time wave it's perpetual. They keep coming and coming and coming. So we're gonna see more and more of these waves coming through and what we're gonna see are people starting to gain these abilities in the near future. So it's really exciting times ahead. So make sure that you're working on yourself. Stay grounded. Get outside and connect with nature. Do good things for other people. Just continue working on raising your vibrations and start reporting back. Tell me what's going on in your life. Let me know if these changes are happening in your life and I'll let you know as well from my end. That's it for now. This is Greg from n5d.com.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards ripping one box of 2022 tri-star Hidden Treasures autograph basketball jersey for Tim D. So Tim, good luck, buddy Appreciate you jumping in here. He says come on Shaq. Let's see if we can get a Shaq out of this for you That'd be so sick. I Would be so hyped for you See a Shaq's cab jersey or a Celtic Shaq jersey Okay What do we got here? Oh, nice We've got uh, new york nicks legend. That is walt frasier. See if I can move the authentication over a little bit for you You can see that auto So you can see sign it over on the one There is your Authentication is that that's jsa with the uh One there again, it is on an orange nix jersey, which is pretty cool And there is your card to denote who uh, what player you got so hall of famer, which is pretty cool Always good to pull hall of famers out of this So not too bad tim congrats on the jersey, man We pulled two hall of famers and three boxes of this so far So um congrats again on the jersey tim. We'll get it right out to you man. Thank you as always