Now, digital services are an important growth driver for the pharmaceutical industry. To harness this opportunity outside your core businesses, pharmaceutical companies need to adapt both internally and by leveraging an ecosystem of pharma tech startups. But this ecosystem is highly fragmented and very dynamic, therefore difficult to navigate. Working with startups is also a challenge as their culture and ways of working can be different. Welcome to business and site in Clause TV Africa as we focus on startups and leveraging on the pharma tech sector. The friend from Bank of Nigeria says it has redesigned all major Naira notes and will be by December 2022 start circulating them. The affected denominations are 100 Naira, 200 Naira, 500 Naira and 1000 Naira. Now the CBN governor, Godwin Amy Filly announced this at the press briefing on Wednesday. They said the notes were redesigned following a request from the federal government. The last time the bank redesigned the Naira was in 2014 when it changed the design of the 100 Naira notes to commemorate Nigeria's centenary. Now chief economist and CEO of Street Nomics, Ltd. Gospel Obele gives an analysis on this development. Take a look. Yeah, thank you so much for the question. So it's a developing story and it's one that comes with mixed reactions quite honestly and that's because there are short term implications and that's to say that everywhere else globally if you put it into context before you can fizzle out current existing notes it may take up to a gear of engaging them in monetary activity and then slowly begin to introduce the new notes and all that take for instance in the UK the process has started to begin to exit on the current pound notes that has the queen picture on them and all that and then it's expected that by 2024 new notes would have been in circulation with King Charles and all. So on the normal basis of things it would usually take way much more than 45 days like what the central bank has positioned on to do this. However, the central bank is looking at bigger tickets on the table such as trying to manage the central bank is trying to manage the electioneering economics of things and that's very critical right now that things are getting heated up, crises are also evolving in different parts of the country and it's looking really fiercely contested as it were. So the idea of votes buying and all that the central bank want to be in position to sort of influence or hijack how that happens you know being the fact also that on the 31st of January the current from the 31st of January 2023 the current notes would become illegal tenders so technically would mean that you cannot buy votes with the old notes because people would no longer collect it as it would become useless to them. However, on the short term let's not forget that the flood and climate conversation is on the table, Christmas is around the corner and the challenge with managing news like this for Nigerians would be that people are also trying to exit and take out the old notes which may work for this whole challenge of dealing with increasing inflation but there will still be inflation of some sort and that's because scarcity conversation will come into four you know how much of the new notes will be will be produced enough in good time you know to balance out on the supply demand bit of how this is going to turn out and let's not forget because the central bank is in control of the supply side of this whole arrangement so that would mean that the apex bank may intentionally you know pace the introduction of these new notes into the economy and that intentionality right there may now be the new conversation of a cost-impact inflation if not well managed so it's it's a conversion that sort of sits on the fence because it comes along with mixed impact if well managed or if not well managed as the case maybe. However, we're still looking forward to positive times ahead and hoping that this will bring the Nigerian financial sector monetary block into much more better place but also to state and it's very important to state that the redesigning of the currency has nothing to do with the value of the currency. The value of the currency is dependent on the productive block of the economy not on the redesigning of a currency's face value so there are very two different things you know and one does not positively impact the other in the direct sense of things maybe indirectly but not directly. Surely when you do not have the productive engagement. Alright that was Gospel Obelli, an economist giving his own analysis on the new narrow notes has been introduced by the central bank of Nigeria. Moving on, Adiola Ali is the CEO and founder of an online pharmacy and healthcare platform providing access to medicines and healthcare solutions for individuals and healthcare providers. As a licensed pharmacist in the United Kingdom and United States of America, Adiola launched One Health NG in Nigeria when she realized it was difficult to purchase specialized medications in the country for her child. She joins us now to discuss business development prospects for startups in Pharmatec. Many thanks for joining us Adiola on business insight and plus TV Africa. Thank you so much for having me and glad to be here. It is indeed our pleasure. Let us just start from the basics as it's where I know why your interest in Pharmatec. I know I said that you had issues getting the right drugs for your child. Can you just bring us up to speed really? For sure. So I mean I'm a practicing pharmacist so the idea of understanding drugs, drugs usage, access to medication and bringing that field already I was aware of and I'm aware of the solutions that are possible but from a personal standpoint like how I decided that okay I wanted to go head on into the startup was more like really not getting my thumbs inhalers. So I had to ration, I had to you know beg people sometimes, I had to source out of the country and it's a problem. Upon even digging deeper I found that this is not atypical. A lot of people are suffering from not being able to manage their conditions very well because they don't have access consistent access to medications. So that's how we started. Okay well interesting story but let's look at the industry itself Pharmatec because what we have mostly if you just go around Lagos you see some small shops, chem shops and all of that are you know selling or dispensing drugs some of them are not exactly licensed and not even registered pharmacists as it were but if you were to have advised them someone who is interested in starting up a business in Pharmatec would you really say it's something rigorous or something like an old commerce affair? So I'll say Pharmatec, really the tech piece of Pharmatec is just automating a lot of processes that exist online. So there's Pharmatec, when you say Pharmatec there's Pharmatec there is drug development Pharmatec so meaning bow like new molecules to help with us. There's wholesale Pharmatec so being able to get sourcing from manufacturers easier procurements easier origin online. There's my retail tech like I'm talking about being able to dispense to the last mile and that is a typical like user journey for an individual you go to regular pharmacy if you want to start a business I mean traditionally you want to know what they already exist which is a regular pharmacy right online is just another way is it is a fastest way a modified faster way faster way as well as a more innovative that's the future of not having to physically go somewhere to get your medication so yes exploring digitalization in healthcare and Pharma would be the would be a very positive way to go. Okay for instance now wow I know we're not really there when it comes to our technology internet usage and all of that in Africa specifically Nigeria would you really see that the Pharmatec industry is a bit novel it's something that Nigerians are still trying to grapple with. Well yes it's kind of new and people are the genuine the regular habits right now of regular people is to go to your local pharmacy however post pandemic people are very comfortable accessing here online we have over I think it's about 20 percent growing year on year now online shoppers about 78 million online shoppers and 25 percent of those are shopping for healthcare so telemedicine online pharmacy you'd be surprised I mean we have I mean my pharmacy one health we dispense to over 7000 in release I dispense every day I'm delivering last now so inadvertently it is a very big business yes okay so for instance nice to mention growing it's still growing by the time so we talk about startups a whole lot on this particular show so if I okay fine I may not be a pharmacist but I know about the potentials in pharmacist I really want to get there what does it really take I mean to say you want to be a pharmacist you have to really understand why you're taking the first place right so I do you do you have software developers you understand products you understand the solutions are there easy things that you could use that exists like your google sheets or what not to to delight your customers to provide the services you have to be service based you have to have the value and the impact they are trying to push before the technology so technology just enables you to deliver the services so yes technology in in our daily lives has to be at the forefront at the backbone of how we operate so if we are going to start your pharmacy it doesn't have to be online but do you have your electronic systems that keeps your records do you have digitalization where you're consulting your patients are you documenting it okay but you have to physically have the drugs well that's a business model question versus like versus impact or solution question all right so for us I have some and I don't have some like so I I mean we have a physical pharmacy in in Lagos for example but out of Lagos I have about almost 700 pharmacists I don't hold the stock for them okay so you could actually just get from local sources yeah so we're empowering the community right there's no point in trying to have multiple chains I mean for us it's not as scalable as building an infrastructure to support the system so you not necessarily but what you have to bear in mind is the end user are they getting quality medication are you really ensuring that you have processes that make sure that even if you're not delivering yourself the pharmacy that you have on board is giving them quality access to medications and delivering it on time very very very interesting but so you have the passion I'm talking about for instance someone who wants to really get into this there's a passion and there's the technology and listening to you now he or she has a bit of an idea of how to go about it but is there specifics that you'd need to learn to be able to stand out you mean in tech not from a technology yes I mean you have to have a product mindset in terms of what is that automation that allows you to skill or delight your your patients and your customer I think that's the forefront so by the time you start to think around that you start to innovate okay so if you want to be in tech in pharma tech that's how you have to think I mean what are the solutions exist if you want to be do you want to have an app you want to have a website are you just going to automate through whatsapp but to be honest in healthcare really at the heart of it it has to be the care the end result what is the goal of you dispensing that drop for patient treatment for adherence for access what are the partners that you're going to leverage to make this work and how you get to use technology to solve that problem okay I mentioned some challenges that we have in Nigeria as regards technology internet access and you know how it is but are there other ones that pharma tech startups may face challenges that is I mean there's a funding aspect so because you're trying to build a solution typically requires and most of most of us startups we have to have seed money pre-seed money I mean little little incremental because you and you have to get and prove you know that you can you can return investment you have to prove that you've deployed and you're executing and then you get more and then as you as you think big as you see the problem as you size it you ask for more until you get your your margins right and you're probably positive and then that way you're able to be sustainable but it really depends right and some business model is really about you know growing up growing your gmv your revenues versus your margins and then exiting so it really depends that's a business model question I'll say but yes I mean really truly just innovating around that is really is really important and also another I would say another issue that what we'll have to think around is regulation so tell us about it so we regulation in pharmacy and healthcare it's highly regulated I mean you should know what you're doing so it's a business where I would really recommend either you have a co-founder or founder that is in healthcare or pharmacare because I can always say at the backbone of re-healthcare professionals is care is that end result so you want to understand why you're doing what you're doing and how you're impacting the people that you're serving so regulations thank god they're safeguarding that so do you have your pharmacy license are you registered the online registration as well as just come out where you have to have some certain parameters of records and you can only dispense over the counter items or you need a prescription for for prescribed drugs so all of those regulations you have to ensure that you're sticking to them and not getting counterfeit drugs for example from I don't know from the markets things like that so yeah okay fine so we don't really have so much time but let's talk about them the future of pharma tech I know online activities and all of that are got so like a crescendo in the wake of the covid pandemic and all of that so would you really say that the future is bright for pharma techs specifically in Nigeria oh absolutely I would say the future is bright in general in Nigeria obviously there's some challenges that we have to in terms of there's a market creation that needs to happen okay so and that comes with some market awareness especially for the end user so you still have some education around you know I can counsel you online you'll be fine you know there's time wait there's money and time that can that'll be wasted if you physically have to go into somewhere only for you to realize that you can get that online yes so we have to obviously educate the audience about you know online being a genuine alternative and and also really for us for it to really be scalable we have to have interoperability meaning we have to be able to work with the doctors work with the labs to work together have digital infrastructure that I'm able to you use dispense and you prescribe a drug you send it to me I have that connection we both have the records I know what they're supposed to take I when something's off I can say that this is your lab the history scientists they give me their records I follow it up I forward it back that three-way connectivity that interoperability is very essential for us to scale in the healthcare profession so I think that those two things really it's super important very very interesting conversation but we have to go I guess we may have to bring you again because there's a whole lot of interesting things to talk about pharmacy and startups in general but we do appreciate your time thank you so much thanks for having me I appreciate it is indeed our pleasure as we round off now the federal government has been called upon to give entrepreneurial support to women in mind and sector in order to enhance their livelihood now this was the submission of the president of women in mining in Nigeria engineer Janet at the ME during the press conference here in Lagos would leave you with details of that report I am Justin Akadone see you again next time this press conference is to bring the plight of women in mining in Nigeria to the four it is also to herald the maiden edition of the golden gemstones conference to be organized by the women in mining Nigeria Lagos chapter led by engineer Janet at the ME the group is not happy with the hardship women in mining go through while trying to make all ends meet at the ME said she has settled with the responsibility of empowering women to be financially relevant in their respective areas of specialization it is imperative that all critical stakeholders and the mining sector should make efforts in ensuring that women are carried along in all the solid mineral value chains considering the strategic role they play in the development of the mining sector in Nigeria she further enjoyed the government's critical stakeholders and the general public to join hands with women in mining as we push for greater mainstreaming in the sector according to her the event would address the strategic role women play in the development of the solid mineral sector in Nigeria and we'll also examine the investment environment of mining as it affects them because it's a strategic location with vast economic and financial potentials which if well harnessed will result in the transformation of Lagos to a major jewelry home where mineral trading and jewelry can grow and make significant economic impact this is part of the efforts led to us mainstreaming gender into this mining sector in Nigeria the group stressed the need for all hands to be on deck at ensuring that women are carried along in all the solid mineral value chains the quality and government and all the stakeholders to partner with them to push for gender mainstreaming in the sector


When we want to build VAP3, our goal is that users in control of their data, they control their money and assets. This is Ilya Polosukhin, he's the co-founder of NIR, a layer one blockchain protocol that aims to build the foundation of a new internet by addressing Ethereum's limitations. We need easy programmability, we need kind of composability that is natural to the applications. And so I don't see the current Ethereum evolutions targeting any of those goals. NIR protocol was among last year's fastest growing crypto projects. The value of its native token, NIR, increased by over a thousand percent in 2021. But what are the fundamentals behind NIR's impressive growth? And how does it plan to stand out in the increasingly fierce layer one competition? Find out in our latest Cointelegraph interview. You in a blog post said that back in 2018 you were just starting working on the NIR protocol and at that time a blockchain was expensive, difficult to use and not very scalable. It lacked the foundation for mass adoption. So what progress have been made? What have changed since then? Yeah, I think I would say as a space we've done a lot of work to advance that status. I mean, NIR along with a few other blockchains have definitely pushed the limit on what you can do with scalability, what you can do with capacity of the network such that a lot more people can participate and work with it. And obviously at NIR we've been focused a lot on how to reduce barriers to entry. How do we make users easier to onboard? From our side, we see the barrier to entry as well on developer side, right? Like learning new language, learning new paradigms, complex, it takes time. And so kind of reducing that barrier to entry through common programming languages like JavaScript and Rust and there are other folks in the industry have been doing that as well has been also tremendous because it allows to inject more developers and we see that through the growth of the developer space in general. But still, don't you think that it's still a bit far from being considered mainstream and talking about mass adoption? Because I personally know no one who has been regularly using the apps in their everyday routine. So from that perspective, what is the problem still there? Yeah, so I would say we have a foundation, but yeah, we still need to build the actual building. One problem is if even when you want to build a kind of more consumer focused app, you're facing this kind of high risk around regulatory right now with blockchain. And that obviously trumps a lot of the innovation and ability for people to execute. To progress forward, we need like more clear regulations, more clear paths for founders and users as well to actually come in and do these platforms. My expectation is that throughout this year, we'll see a lot of this changing and a lot of apps actually hitting like million users who are actually like a dapp underneath or using part of the app is actually using blockchain, but not the full app, right? Like we all see this kind of more mixed versions of things. There's millions of users. Back in December, you said in a tweet that the current defined for structure is not mature enough to handle the next 10x, 100x growth, both in assets and users. So what should be done to address this scalability problem? DeFi applications, they are all designed at kind of, I would say a lower gear use cases, right? Like AMM, if you're constantly using AMM, right? You're just creating lots of arbitrage, right? That's why the stock markets are not using kind of automatic market makers. They are a stock market. There's a market. There's order books. There's lots of trading going on. And so we need to kind of go into like level above that and build like both financial infrastructure, right? That's kind of viable. We need the experience to also rival custodians, a kind of financially viable only for a subset of players in the market, right? So like what is the versions of this for kind of market here? What is the Robinhood, right? Version of this as well. And at the same time, there's like treasury management, there is, you know, derivatives. There's all these instruments that exist in traditional markets that are right now only just kind of starting to get together in DeFi. And some of them like security around, you know, like all of the financial instruments in traditional market have an active security model, right? It's not kind of passive, oh, my seed phrase, you're over stolen and all the money gone. Like that never happens. Like there's an active security thread. There's, you know, machine learning models that analyzes, you know, multiple double checks on outlier behavior. Like there's all those instruments that we're not using right now in crypto to actually create both kind of security as well as compliance, as well as just like better user experience. And so that's what I see kind of when I say infrastructure is like a whole, I would say layer of financial instruments that are missing. It's a whole layer of kind of security and user experience pieces that are missing.  But at the same time, the custodian cannot steal your money either, right? Like that kind of models we need to build in the ecosystem. And then we can kind of see growth in assets and growth in users beyond this. Right. So you just need to create these security systems in a decentralized way so that they emulate those ones that are already in place in traditional finance. Yeah. Yeah. But like this is one of the pieces. So like this is like kind of a layered cake of pieces that we need to grow in a way to get to the same level. And then we can kind of continue scaling the usage of these platforms. Yeah. So basically security and again, and then other component is compliance, as far as I understand you mentioned.  Like how do you, you know, right now you need to manually click, like if you want to hedge your like position in some form, you need to manually click to claim and stake to like maybe buy some other token, all this stuff, right? That's not usually how you do things in more traditional instruments. Like the power is you can do all those things yourself, which maybe in traditional markets you wouldn't even be able to because you need a hundred million under management to even have access to those instruments, right? But the thing is like we don't have those instruments if you do have a hundred million, right? So that's kind of the mix right now. So you said that the Web 3 is not about a single killer app, but it's more about a composition of apps. So can you expand on this thought and explain what you meant by that? For sure, yeah. So this is kind of, I mean, people always like go and look for a killer app, right, for everything. And so from my perspective, because of the inversion of model, right? Like when we want to build Web 3, our goal is that users in control of their data, they control their money and assets, they, you know, are able to govern these platforms, which means there is no need for to build like a, you know, everything fulfilling like a platform, right? Like you don't need to build a Facebook that will have all the apps inside it, everything inside it to have access to this data, right? It's an inverse model, right? Similar to Google. Google is like packing more and more things into itself. And so it's an inverse model where the users are users of the platform, but they can go into any app, right? Very easily. And so it's the same as like there's no killer website, you know, Google just shows you all like websites you need, kind of similar model. Google inverts the, you know, before people would go to a specific website and would use it and they would remember it, but then Google came and now you don't need to remember a specific website. You just find the app or website you need right now and Google always finds this information. But the more interesting thing what the website provides is this ability to compose things, right? Let's say we, that Instagram example I mentioned that Instagram itself is a powerful platform. It has a lot of users, but it doesn't allow people to build on top of it. It doesn't allow to build, you know, for example, I've heard multiple people trying to build some kind of brand to influence your marketplace, right? The ability for brands and influencers to connect, to create some kind of campaigns around that, you know, cloud models, all those things that you would imagine around something like Instagram where you have influencers, where you have content, where you have kind of this propagation. But if we look at web three, I mentioned your mentor is the same experience, but it's an open platform. Now the NFTs they mint are show up in other markets. The mentors themselves, the influencers themselves are now accessible in all the other marketplaces. You can build easily a marketplace where, for example, somebody can reach out to this influencer, but even more so, the influencers themselves can turn their account into a DAO. This is actually one of the pretty unique features of NIR because accounts and contracts are the same. You can actually turn your account into like a more complex model over time. And so you can turn your account into a DAO, issue a token, and let brands, for example, buys this token to, for example, influence or promote some of the products they're doing. So you can create like more, like you can turn your personal brand into a business. You can turn business into a personal brand. You can like do all those things. And it's all mullible and kind of changing, which is what, you know, the power is. And we see this in EFI specifically, because yes, I mean, obviously exchange is probably a quote unquote killer app of finance, but like it's not just exchange, right? There's so many other components that are working all together. The money is flowing. There's a lot of experimentation and things that are happening. And this is because the money are actually not inside this application, not inside some brokerage, not inside some bank. They're on the user's account, and they are able to kind of interact with any app using these assets kind of going through. And so that's kind of, for me, that's what web series is, is this idea of kind of infant composability and that owned by the user because the data is on their side. Yeah, that's very fascinating. So the bottom line is having this core, which is the user that is the owner of all his own data. And then the user can freely interact with this multitude of different apps and experiences without having to rely on one specific of them. It's more of a kind of horizontal sort of system. Yeah, and you don't need to wait like, oh, will Instagram add this feature or not? Like some developer will build this feature as a separate app, and you can use it, right? Things like that. You can easily flow between things kind of versus your locked in this platform and waiting until the developers of that platform do something. And so that's why it's going to be like a lot more kind of fractured in some way. But then at the same time, it's all linked together. We haven't heard much about killer apps anymore for the last, I mean, personally, I haven't heard about that kind of concept for a while. And probably it's because everyone is realizing that that's not the point that I've been hearing much more about, yeah, like the importance of composability, and the possibility to build a universe, a completely new internet that cannot rely on a killer app, because a killer app is by itself some sort of centralized. Near protocol has been considered the third fastest growing community for developers currently in the crypto space. So what do you think is the main factor that is attracting so many developers to come to your platform? Yeah, so I mentioned kind of our focus on developer experience and user experience is probably one of the key attractors. And common web languages like JavaScript that we support, we also support Rust, which is the most loved language in developer community. And then we also like more languages are coming, there's more like specific languages, but like all of this can can compound to the same platform and interact with itself.  And you know, that three experiences all broken. So we actually, you know, be focusing on making that experience really straightforward. And then we've been doing a lot just kind of like scale scale up through 1000 deals and now original hubs is this idea of like, it cannot be, you know, a foundation or some developer companies, it's all about community, right. And so we have a really powerful community that's kind of like around the world is actually educating, you know, bringing people having meetups, participating events and actually like teaching people about near and teaching people like how easy to build for developers side as well as just like being able to kind of attract the new people into this ecosystem. And then the final component I want to mention is we announced $800 million in funding. And so all this is that as well kind of attracts developers because there's a lot to build. And so that that part is like, you know, funding development of core components that then other people can build on top their own companies and projects have been very powerful as well. So I would say, you know, ease of building ease of use for their users, education community and funding. Okay. And now I would like maybe you to compare us, compare the near near protocol with one of the other fastest growing protocols layer one protocols that we saw in 2021, which is Solana. What is the main point of differentiation or maybe a competitive advantage that you would see in a protocol like near protocol if compared to Solana, for example? For sure. Yeah. So there are kind of three pieces of differentiation from that that were like our core value proposition in the first place. First of all, it's the skill ability. The way we approach skill ability is by sharding the processing, right? And this is the idea that, you know, Google, Facebook, all those companies, web companies, they don't process everything on one machine. They, you know, shard processing, they have users, you know, accessing different computers at all times. And so that's a natural way to how we scale beyond what one computer can do. And pretty much all the non sharded blockchain including Solana are approaching it as let's just put a bigger machine or optimize how we process things. But it's still limited by capacity of what single machine can do. And obviously, like Solana goes out at it with like, hey, you know, let's build a better hardware that is able to process more transactions and let optimize how we use this hardware, which gives them a pretty good kind of, I would say, space to fill. But our approach is we actually can continue scaling number of computers that processing things in parallel, right? So an increased number of shards over time to continue scaling and, you know, reach and be able to handle the billion or more users. And the second thing is this the simplicity of usage and development allows you to have a single single, like a private key that's used for me for one time, it allows you to kind of create this like link experiences where you can sign a transaction like a user can sign a transaction I mean their front end without needing to go to a wallet every time, right? So for gaming, for example, it's instrumental to not needing to go every action that you do in a game to go and sign a wallet, right? And so we can actually grant the access to the app for specific set of actions once and then the app can sign transactions that we have for this set of actions, right? So this is all kind of unique of enablers that you know, your ecosystem does. And then on the other side, like the common languages, so Solana does support Rust, but their programming model is more similar to kind of how you program hardware, right? You need to understand blocks of memory, you need to kind of preload a lot of like you need to lay out and preload existing things near is more like building a web service, you have a key value store and you're writing your logic and that access is key value store. So it's very similar in conceptually to people who are building web services, who are building kind of existing microservices architectures. And so which there's a lot more people like that than people building hardware. And so that that I would say like kind of three main kind of differentiators. Joy Krug, the Co-Chief Investment Officer at Pantera Capital, believes that Ethereum's competitors such as NIR are unlikely to threaten its dominance in the crypto market. So on the contrary, he believes that assuming Ethereum will complete its transition to a proof-of-stake system, eventually all these competitors that are springing up will eventually rely on Ethereum as a base. So what do you think about this vision? Yeah, so from my perspective Ethereum is not a competitor kind of Ethereum. In many ways, we know we're learning from them. We've been building on top of some of the ideas that that community came up. And in general kind of Ethereum is more of a community for me than like a specific piece of technology. But at the same time, kind of our vision is like very clear, right? We want to achieve, you know, this web 3 was billions of users. And like to do that, we need kind of the things that are outlined. We need simplicity of users. We need easy programmability. We need kind of composability that is, you know, natural to the applications. And so I don't see the current Ethereum evolutions targeting any of those goals, right? They are solving their issues they have that the community wants to address. And that's great. But at the same time, we see kind of the coexistence here and us continue to evolve into the vision that are outlined, right? The ability to bring those billions of users to give them applications that are really cross-linked and power it. And at the same time, we are kind of have a bridge that connects to Ethereum. Like it's a generic, you know, fully secure bridge. This rainbow bridge is the only, as far as I know, the only likeline bridge that connects to Ethereum right now, which is like as secure as it possibly can be without doing full verification of both chains. And so kind of that allows not just to send tokens around, but it actually allows to read the state of each chain from the other chain. So you can actually pass any generic messages between them and execute contracts and do things like that. So like over time, there will be a lot more kind of cross-chain applications as well. If that's what users kind of expect. Okay, you said something interesting earlier. You said that the Ethereum community is not focused that much on creating this vision of interoperability and composability that is at the core of the near protocols mission. Am I understanding it correctly? So I would say like the current, currently as I understand it, the Ethereum community, right, the parts I see, people are focused on, you know, financial people are focused on kind of assets on creating kind of value and Ethereum being a settlement player, right? And that's a pretty kind of heavy focus on that. And, you know, at least the previous year of switching from building a sharded Ethereum to building a data shards and roll-up, right? Like roll-ups naturally will kind of create less composability and create more kind of sub-spaces in which things are happening. But they're obviously useful for specific like financial use cases and specific other use cases as well. So, but obviously they create like some separation versus, you know, nearest vision by doing sharding, by actually scaling up the kind of composable structure, we allow to have a lot more applications running kind of closely with each other, with the same account model, with the same financial models as well. So I would say like the kind of divisions, at least again, this is the vision that's been communicated through the roll-ups, through the kind of this roll-up centric vision have been diverging. Okay, and now final question. I would like to ask you regarding the latest funding round that you closed not long ago. You closed $150 million funding round not long ago. So how are you going to deploy those funds in the course of 2022? Yeah, so the funding in general is all kind of being allocated to accelerate the adoption of website. That's our mission and that's what we're doing. And so this is by, you know, funding and kind of developing the community, the global community raising awareness of near and then funding this projects and kind of an ecosystem in general, right? We have, you know, kind of grants, grants program that being kind of funding projects in the ecosystem and kind of accelerating their development. And then, you know, through the community, we're also kind of powering a lot of it. Awesome. Thanks a lot, Ilya, for coming on our show. Thank you. Thank you for inviting.


Hi, Mr. Greg, back again for lesson three of three. We are going to do some word duality today. This is a lesson that I really like, but I'm going to give you a prompter right now. You might find this a little bit more difficult than the other lessons that we've gone through. Again, Mr. G, LOL, love of lettering, word duality, lesson plan. So let's go again over materials. Ruler, pencil, Sharpie, either colored pencils or colored markers. In word duality, we are going to pick some words that have two meanings. The first example I give you is black American. I'm also going to ask you guys to give a definition of what the duality or what the word inside the word means to you. So with black American, you can see that I underscored the I in red and highlighted can in red. So for me, being a black American, I can do anything that would be the prompter that I would give for this graphic piece that I made.  And at least in my opinion, fairness is like air. We all know it exists, but it's seldom seen. Again, I want you guys to approach it like this. I need to know what your word is and what it's defined to you. I'm asking you guys to go a little bit deeper than I've asked you to go in the past. I'm going to give you one example and then we're going to build up one too. And I'm also going to give you a list of some words that have words within them. And you notice that the words spell out completely. I would like to see that with that. I don't want to see red U with a red B with a red A. I want to have the word spell completely.  And here I want to give you guys some words that have words within them. And I'm going to post a list of words up there. It's not the end all de facto list. There's many of words that you guys can come up on your own that I haven't listed. But I am going to name a few of those and get you the words that I was able to find within those words. So the first word I'm going to start off with is grind. And I was able to find the word grin with that out of that. So if I was going to put prompter our statement to that, I might say that I grin when I'm on the grind. Being a person that likes to work more than not, I always look at that as being a good thing. Idle time isn't always the best thing for me. But anyway, let's go on with some more words. Splurge and with the word urge in there. Splow completely up. Slovenly with the word love in there. Tricky with the word icky. Sight with the word sigh. Crystal with the word cry. Fundamentalist with the word mental. Feminist with the word is. And that's a few examples. Again, there is a full list for you guys up there. And again, it's not a complete list. You guys can use a dictionary or a third source to figure out what other words that you might want to be able to find that would have that dual autonomy to them. Again, you can use as for materials on this. You could type up different fonts on the computer if you have access to that. But I'm going to show you how to build up a letter form by the same way that we built it up the last time. So I'm going to start off with the straight line. I'm going to choose the word black and drop my letter forms out of that word. So we're going to start off the same way that we always do with drawing our lined letters. And again, remember that this is just a sketch. This is your start, not your end. And you might have to do some erasing on this. OK, so starting to get your letters into a block form, I was able to start to build up my word, which is black, that I did in my own typography or my own font. And for this word, I would say that being black should mean that you feel that you're in lack, are at lack to anyone else. Thank you again for listening to all three of my lesson plans and watching them. This is Mr. Gregg, and I just want to say thank you for your time.


Under the new eligibility requirements announced today, your YouTube channel Trending Reviews is no longer eligible for monetization because it doesn't meet the new threshold. Son of a... Now I'm just going to read out a paragraph from a blog on the YouTube Creators page. It mentions here, we're making changes to address the issues that affected our community in 2017 so that we can prevent bad actors from harming the inspiring and original creators around the world who make their living on YouTube. So let's talk about that for a little bit. Now I understand there's a lot of people on YouTube who are making videos maybe once a month, once every three months and they want to monetize their videos and I understand as a brand you want to be able to advertise your adverts on channels that are going to be getting the most engagement from their users. Now if I was a brand I wouldn't want to put my ads on a channel that is posting once every couple of months and someone who doesn't really post useful content and consistently maybe uploading copyrighted content and such. Now I get that but with YouTube putting the thresholds so high it makes it harder for newcomers to even think about joining the whole YouTube Partner Program and this is not really helping by saying we're preventing bad actors from joining the game. Well you could be a professional actor, you could have all of the YouTube equipment, you could be doing everything right and it could still take you a year, two years or even three years to hit that threshold so why are you making it a little bit more difficult to actually achieve that? Now if you listen here, this is Tom from YouTube Creator Insider. Let's have a listen to see what he has to say about the reasons behind why the changes are happening. In order to join the YouTube Partner Program you will now need at least a thousand subs and 4,000 hours of watch time in the last year and the reason for that is we really want to reward the creators who are having the most impact on the platform, creating the most value for viewers and also make it harder for spammers and abusers who create these very small channels quickly kind of try and exploit the system and then make it hard for all of the good actors to succeed. This will allow us to focus more resources on channels that are really making a long-term investment in the platform and are creating content that engages with viewers and are the best match for brand advertisers. Okay so I understand what you're saying he wants to get rid of the spam accounts on YouTube and not have any of the low-level non-existent kind of people trying to make a living on YouTube because they're not making any impact on the whole YouTube game but how many people does that affect? Well let's listen to Tom and see how many it affects. Now when you're you're probably wondering like whoa you know that seems like a lot of channels will be affected you know with these new higher thresholds 99% of those channels that are going to be removed were making less than a hundred dollars a year and 90% of them were making less than two dollars and 50 cents a month so our expectation is that anybody that's in the program for whom YouTube is you know their livelihood or a huge part of their livelihood they won't be affected it will mainly affect much smaller channels who you know will still be eligible once they meet these thresholds so if you're removed from the program it's not like you're removed from monetization forever it means hey we'd love to see a little bit more data a little more history on this channel a little more impact on viewers before it joins the YPP program. Wrong because I started my YouTube channel about five months ago and I have made roughly around 80 dollars from the monetization and he's mentioned here that the channels that are being removed from monetization they are earning less than a hundred dollars in the whole year or less than two dollars and fifty cents per month now I've earned more than that and I'm trying hard to consistently upload videos every week and I'm doing it professionally I have all the right YouTube equipment and I'm not spamming and this is something I do want to continue working on so for them to email me to say I'm not eligible for monetization anymore that sort of contradicts what Tom is saying now I'll put a link in the description below you can watch the full video of what Tom is saying and an update to what the questions of the users are asking him about this threshold update as well and see what you guys think now I understand this is happening we can't change that that's it's going to happen and it's going to stop a lot of people from creating content and you know eventually getting paid for all of the videos that they put on YouTube but there's some ways that you can try to push and help grow your channel and actually get to that point in that threshold so you can start earning money and I've got six tips to help you do that first one I would recommend to invest in good equipment so I'm using a Canon 200D I have a good microphone I've got the lighting I've got the atmosphere the backgrounds are really important so all of the equipment that makes your videos look good I definitely recommend you invest in them number two you should definitely upload videos regularly now if you're just uploading videos once a month I think that's not enough you need to consistently keep pushing you need to give your audience something to look forward to and to stay engaged very often if you upload once every couple of months most of the time people can end up forgetting about you and you're not going to be able to engage them as you would if you upload once a week twice a week and consistently and and you have to stay active so that's a really good point and I'm also trying to do the same number three I would stick to a consistent topic for example if you have a channel like myself doing reviews I would continue uploading videos of just reviews I wouldn't mix it up with random vlogs of your holidays for example because it doesn't match what you're trying to push across if you're a singer upload your covers if you're doing into beauty and makeup all your videos should be about beauty and makeup you shouldn't be about random things in the middle of your beauty and makeup videos because it you're targeting a specific audience you don't want to sway away from that and get them interested or uninterested in different things number four make sure you don't upload copyrighted material so don't put any music in the background of your videos that belong to different artists which you do not own the rights for make sure you don't wear branded t-shirts which you don't have the right to present in your videos so things like that just make sure you don't have anything copyrighted because in part of the youtube partner program mentions if any of your videos have been hit with a copyright claim you may also be affected by the monetization rules and they could stop monetizing you completely if you consistently do that number five is to promote always try and promote your videos when you've uploaded some you need to get the views you need to get the watch times for this threshold because four thousand hours is quite a long time so promote on your social media share it with your friends share it with your family if you're on forums you're talking to people give them recommendations on different tips or things that you're trying to promote on your videos share the link and try to get it out to as many people as you can because ultimately you need to get the views and that's the best way to do that in addition i recommend at the end of your videos always engage the audience and ask them to subscribe because you want them to take away an action from your videos as well not to simply give them some information and then they disappear and then they come back after they're looking for some other information and coincidentally they find your video again so try to promote at the end of each of your videos to like and subscribe and comment that way you keep them interested and you show that you really care and you want them to follow you number six the last one i would recommend is collaboration if you can find other youtubers that are roughly around the same number of subscribers as you and try to see if you can collaborate with them so you can probably meet them and join one of their videos or get them to come and be part of your videos and try to see if you can share the resources and share the love effectively and they can also send across some of their subscribers to you and so forth so it's a good way to keep marketing yourself and growing that audience and hopefully getting to the threshold that youtube partner program is eventually asking you to do so guys i hope that helps i'm going to put some important links about this update from youtube in the description box below if you did like the video then do give it a like let me know what you think in the comments about this whole update on the youtube partner program and what you guys think and i will see you at the next video take care


What's up everybody, Jason here for jaspyskagebase.com. We just sold out 2023 Panini Immaculate Baseball. This is like one box break. Random Divisions, number one guys. And again guys, everybody's around the division at MLB. Look for four autographs per box, two of them are really cards per box as well. And here we go guys, dice roll it. And it is a two and a two, four times. One, two, three, four. Four times, four times. Ed down at Eric. And then four times here in the divisions. One, two, three, four. Four, four. AL West down to the NL West. All right, so Ed with the AL West, Eric with the NL East, Joshua with the NL Central. Eric with the AL East. Roy with the AL Central and then Eric with the NL West. Dude, fun. All right, Jay won the closing guys. And it is a fresh case of love. All right, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Let's see what number we can generate for a box here. One through eight. And it's a five. One, two, three, four, five. Top box here at the top. These will be for future breaks guys, which I'm sure we might be able to run back again tonight. That's the point. So I'll leave them right there. All right, here we go guys. All right, first one is a patch here to 25. Gabriel Gonzalez for the Seattle Mariners. Brandon's gonna go to the AL West, which is Ed. And we got a Carlos Berga, 10 out of 35. That is Cleveland Indians, Guardians, which is AL Central, AL Central's Roy. Must be an old school player. Yeah, all started in 1995. Definitely before my time. Michael Bush for the Dodgers. Remember, Nala Panini, they only have old school players and prospects. They don't have the rights to the MLB at all anymore, so they can't really get players that are currently active.  Dodgers is AL West. Then, of course, we've got Wade Boggs, Gary Sheffield. Both New York Yankees there. AL East. AL East is Eric.  And AL East with that one to 15, which is Eric. And last one's a redemption. And nice, Prospect Patch Autograph. Jackson Sherio. Very nice. That one's gonna go to the ML Central, which is Joshua. Congrats, buddy. Very nice. Milwaukee. There you go, not a bad first box, guys. Jackson Sherio from Milwaukee, Gary Sheffield. Sheffield and Boggs Yankees edition, Michael Bush, Bergaugh, and Gonzalez. Appreciate it, guys. Got at least another seven boxes of stuff for you guys who are running back. Jaspy's case breaks.com, I think.


Actress Zoe Kravitz is stylish as they come and of course she brings that to her homes as well. Back in 2015, Zoe picked herself up a 3,000 square foot apartment in Brooklyn, New York for 3.2 million dollars, which was once a warehouse converted into residences. And much more recently, she picked herself up a historic hideaway in Pound Ridge, New York. Today, we're going to take a look. In these videos, we don't reveal any addresses and even though I've done a house tour of my own place, please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. American actress, singer, model and up-and-coming film director Zoe Kravitz has more or less been famous from the moment she was born. That's what happens when you have two of the most beautiful people of all time for parents in Lenny Kravitz and Lisa Bonet. Of course, Zoe's parents didn't only pass on their perfect genes to their daughter, they also shared their immense talent with her as well. Growing up in a gorgeous, two-lot artist compound in LA's Venice Beach helped teach Zoe all she ever needed to know about the life of an artist from her earliest years. Once she got old enough, Zoe struck out on her own and dedicated herself to becoming every bit as successful as her parents. Now, not only is she about to star as Catwoman in the Surefire hit The Batman, but she's also about to release her very first film as director. Starring Channing Tatum, the filming of this project had kicked off plenty of rumors that Zoe and Channing were Hollywood's newest it-couple. In fact, the rumors had been flying so fast and furious that Zoe had taken the drastic step of moving out of her $3 million Brooklyn apartment just so that she can get a little peace and quiet away from the paparazzi. And to provide an escape for herself, Zoe picked up a stunning historical retreat in the wealthy Westchester County Hamlet of Pound Ridge, New York. Hey guys, it's Kara back with another exclusive house tour here on Famous Entertainment, this one looking at where Zoe Kravitz calls home. Don't forget to like, subscribe and hit me up on Instagram to chat. And now let's get into this video. Let's kick things off with a look at Zoe's childhood home. Lenny and Lisa first met at a new edition concert back in the 1980s and then married in November of 1987. Before Christmas of that year, these two bought their very first home together, a two-lot artist compound located in the trendy area of L.A.'s Venice Beach. This was the house that Zoe would spend the first few years of her life before her parents' eventual split. Despite the fact that their marriage had ended by the early 90s, Lenny and Lisa would continue to hold on to this property, beginning the family into the year 2000. This 5,420-foot square-foot home features an unmistakable, creative vibe that runs through every room of this four-bedroom, three-bathroom residence. The main part of the house is structured as a mid-century bungalow and was first built back in 1949. Almost 30 years later, an adjacent modern artist studio would be added on in 1980 and over the years, only a handful of further renovations would be done. For instance, back in 2019, the interior of the home was touched up with a focus on new flooring and updated kitchen appliances, like the additional sub-zero fridge and a wolf range, alongside a double oven. Meanwhile, a two-level studio was renovated in 2014 and soaring 30-foot ceilings were added. Dune after that, an additional apartment was also constructed, dabbed at the treehouse. Other amenities included a fully-stocked media room and a chicly-designed living room. On the exterior of the building is also a large deck situated on the second floor that offers some breathtaking views of the Pacific. Today, the house is almost entirely green and is powered by solar panels as well as a water purification system. The surrounding landscape is lush and incorporates plants and trees from all around the world. Accessible only through a private gate, this property is totally secluded and it's also just a short walk to Venice's famous shopping and dining district on Abbott-Kinney. And while the Kravitzes haven't lived here since the turn of the century, today this property is worth a whopping $7.8 million. Alright now that we have an idea of where Zoe grew up as a kid, how about we take a look at the home she just recently scooped up. According to tax records, Zoe Kravitz recently purchased her brand new home. From none other than action-genre mainstay Maggie Q, her former co-star from their Divergent Days. Just this past November, news broke that Zoe had acquired this place for $1.45 million in the town of Pound Ridge, New York, where her new home sits on top of a brook. In fact, this picturesque two-bedroom two-bathroom property also includes more than two acres of private land jam-packed with trees. Locally known as Aaron's Woodmill, this rustic three-story structure once served as a cider mill in the late 1700s, before becoming a sawmill in the mid-1800s. By the early 20th century, the location was acquired and restored by American businessman and part owner of Standard Oil, who restored this home alongside a dozen other local buildings in the sleepy hamlet. Eventually, the old mill was transformed into this charming residence with nearly 2,600 square feet of space. Additional features include hand-hewn wood beams, wood-clad walls, polished wood floors, and period-appropriate sash windows. In terms of more modern upgrades, over the years an up-to-date gourmet kitchen was installed with stainless steel appliances, marble countertops, wood cabinetry, and bar-style seating, all of which fits in quite harmoniously with the antique feel of the rest of the place. In fact, the kitchen is actually just a small part of the sleek, open concept of the entire main space. This double-height great room also includes a minimalist fireplace, not to mention a second-floor gallery from which anyone can admire the unbelievable home from above. Upstairs, the top floor bedroom has high slanted ceilings and plentiful shelving for books or small decorative pieces. It also comes with its very own wooden ladder to make sure everything in the room is within easy reach. A short walk from there is the main spa-style bathroom that comes complete with a gigantic soaking tub set against a window that offers some of the very best views of the house. Speaking of views, outside a flat, tree-shaded lawn stretches out to the woods edge and a stacked stone and wrought iron bridge spans that scenic bubbling stream that passes beneath the home. Pretty amazing place, right? Well, it's not the only place it's so we own. And when she's just got to stick close to the city for work, odds are you'll probably catch her staying at her home base in Brooklyn's hyper-trendy Williamsburg neighborhood. Back in 2015, Zoe picked herself up a 3,000-square-foot apartment for a hefty $3.2 million. Once a large-scale warehouse, this area of the city has been converted into residences, but unfortunately there aren't many widely available pictures when it comes to either the building or Zoe's living space. What I was able to discover is this selfie of Zoe that she snapped a couple of years ago, which gives us a taste of her living room over in Williamsburg. It's hard to make out the details, but you get the impression that Zoe has gone for a minimalist style in her living room with not much more than a plush couch, a tan abstract rug, and a few small side tables. Apparently, she must have had some help with the overall look of the place as interior designer Ryan Corbin would later comment, proud of that living room. In terms of the rest of the space, while speaking with Vanity Fair, as Zoe told them that for the most part, she keeps the place kind of a mess. My closets are a mess these days. I have clothes in different closets in different rooms, and I'm always running up and down the stairs with, like, one shoe on and no pants trying to find stuff. In that same interview, Zoe would reveal that she was with a friend of hers who always keeps the place nice and cozy whenever Zoe has to leave for an extended absent. So why did Zoe decide to leave this place behind for a place outside the city? Well, it just might have a lot to do with her rumored relationship with Channing Tatum. Apparently, a local group of Williamsburg moms have created a text chain in order to keep tabs on Zoe and Channing, seeking them out all around the neighborhood. After paparazzi snapped pics of the couple out and about in Zoe's neighborhood, Page Six would report that it set a group of young moms on fire, sending texts like this back and forth with one another. Has anyone seen Channing Tatum is dating Zoe Krabitz and they've been seen around Williamsburg? My goal this week is to find them. Who is with me? Someone else then responded by literally giving out the name of the street Zoe's building is on, which would lead to at least one eventual sighting of the pair. Well, I hope for Zoe she found some peace and quiet at her new historic home in Pound Ridge because it sure is beautiful. How about you guys? What do you guys think? Did she make the right decision to get out of Brooklyn? After our Zoe Krabitz house tour, what did you think about her home? Be sure to leave your thoughts and comments down below. Thanks for tuning in. Don't forget to follow me on Instagram and I'll see you all in the next video. Bye.


Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this lecture on electronic medical record implementation considerations. My name is Yashik Singh and I am from the Department of Telehealth at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine. In this lecture, we're going to try and give you an idea of how you would assess the value of a medical informatic solution. In fact, in this case specifically an electronic medical record. We want to actually make you aware of some of the questions that you need to ask before you roll out any type of electronic medical record. And share with you some points that will help ensure the successful implementation of electronic medical records and medical informatic solutions in general. We all know that information systems are actually required to manage medical information and it has been proven that these are actually beneficial. But three quarters of all information systems fail. One example of this is actually in Lopopo which is a province in South Africa. Although the Lopopo government spent 134 million South African rands and called IBM who is very very well respected in developing innovative technologies. The system still failed. So the question that you probably would want to ask yourself now is why do these electronic medical record systems actually fail. Even though so much of money has been used and such experts have been called to actually design the systems. And this is basically what the lecture is going to try and answer and also show you how you can prevent this from happening. So why do electronic medical record systems fail. One of the main reasons is poor communication. The communication between IT guys and clinicians are notoriously terrible. They may be saying the same words but they are thinking of completely different things. So communication between clinicians and computer scientists or information technologists has to be improved. And that is why this training in medical informatics is actually so important. Medical informaticians will now sit at the bridge between medical staff and computer scientists. And computer scientists in fact the medical informaticians will be able to design these systems themselves. And because they will be able to better communicate with clinical staff the systems should actually be much better and more efficient. Another reason why EMR systems fail is because the developers are unaware of the environment in which they are actually developing the technology for. In the example that we spoke about in the POPO a baker sitting on a grid caused the electronic medical record or the hospital information system to continuously fail. And if you were not from a developing country you would have not realized that this could actually have been a problem. You would not realize that infrastructure is actually a terrible, terrible problem in developing countries. So the developer the person that is developing the system must be aware of the clinical environment that he is actually putting the systems in. The major reason why electronic medical record systems fail is because there have been no change management put into place. Ensuring the success of an electronic medical record is more than just developing a system and installing it. That's only one part of medical informatics. It's only one part of ensuring the success of an electronic medical record. You have to make sure that proper change management is in place. You have to make sure that people are guided into using the system. Are we going to speak more about this in this presentation? Perceptions. They are resistance to change because of ill perceived perceptions on both clinical staff's point of view as well as the other admin and research staff that I will actually use these systems. In previous lectures we spoke about security perceptions. We spoke about how people instinctively feel that by putting medical data onto a computer you are in fact making it less secure than what it in fact is right now. There is no support from government. Of course government cannot be blamed for this if you are in a developing country and if you have limited resources and you have a large percentage of people dying from HIV and require ARVs. There has to be a good plan put in place to actually convince government to spend money on electronic medical records. Another big reason why there is failure is because there is just too high expectations from clinicians. They feel that the first time they get an electronic medical record it will be full of wonderful tools that will just make their life completely simple without realizing that there has to be phased in. The tools must be phased in. So they have a very high expectation when they see the basic system they get disappointed and of course their interest wanes. When you are thinking about essential considerations for an electronic medical record you should think about the following. Think about the needs assessment. Think about the design and testing of the system. Think about things that deal with the implementation of the system. And importantly think about the functionality of the system. And we are going to go through each one of these. Needs assessment. Needs assessment is probably the most important part of ensuring the success of your system. Of ensuring that you actually develop or implement a worthwhile solution. It directly affects the success or failure of your electronic medical record. And the reason again for this is communication. You need to tell the computer scientist or the person developing your system what you need. And this communication is very very important. It is important to realize also that high end and sophisticated technology is not always the correct solution. Because something is sophisticated because it advanced doesn't mean that it is the correct solution for your problem. So don't look for a nail once you have a hammer. The solution that you create needs to be simple. It needs to be the simplest solution that can perform the job. You must be aware when you think about needs assessment where your developers come from. Do they know the problems in your environment? How much of information do you need to tell them about your environment? Workflow analysis. Does the system change your workflow analysis or more importantly why does it change your workflow analysis? If it changes it to improve it then that's good. But if it changes it because it's just built that way that should not be accepted. That system will fail. It's also important to realize the difference between the actual versus the perceived benefit of the electronic medical record or in fact any medical information system. The actual benefit is at the moment what benefit will I get. Many designers, many people that want to sell you information systems will only speak about the perceived benefit. So in the future what would you have? In the future you could create a system that could automatically diagnose the disease. In the future you could create a system that will tell you how long your patient has to live. But that does not mean that it's benefit right now. I'm not saying don't think about the future. But I'm saying when you're assessing the benefit of a system think very carefully about what the actual benefit is compared to what the perceived benefit is. Do not collect data that is not beneficial for you and ensure that whatever data you collect can be analyzed and reported directly to you. The design. Ensure that you are fully involved in every step of the design. Remember that you have to tell the developer what you want and also keep in mind that the developer may not necessarily understand what you are trying to say. So you should insist that the developer uses the spiral development model compared to the waterfall development model. In the waterfall development model you give all your requirements to the developer. The developer creates the system, he comes back and he implements it. This usually takes a long time before he implements the system and what happens if there was miscommunication and he developed the wrong system or system cannot be used. All that time is wasted. Whereas with the spiral development model you can actually counteract this communication problem.  He then goes and develops that, he tests it and he brings and he shows it to you and then you see it. You see if this is actually what you want. If not, you can design again and you only lose a small amount of time. If it's the correct thing, you tell him again what you'd like to add to it, how you'd like to improve it and he builds on this. Of course he must take into the environment in which he is developing the system. The system must be flexible. The system should be built in such a way that a high end user, a super user should be able to change the system according to the needs of the environment. He should not be dependent on a developer or a computer scientist to actually come and change the system for him. In order to develop a system like this, you need to make use of what is called the generic data model. Testing must not be done in a lab. You must have a trial run of the system in the actual environment that it is going to be run in with full participation of all the developers and stakeholders. Also try to get independent evaluators and the reason for this is actually to prevent the MyBaby syndrome. Once developers develop a system, they actually feel that their system is perfect. There's nothing wrong with it. There's something wrong with the users and they will not evaluate it unbiasedly. So it's important to actually try and get independent evaluators. The system functionality. All systems are not as useful as people actually think they are and that's why systems fail so many times. You have to ensure that there is full comprehensiveness of information. You have to make sure that the system captures and stores all of the information that you require. There's no point taking the time after capturing information if this information is not what you need. If this information is not what is going to actually be used. Degree of structure of the data. And this deals with the retrieval and the analysis of the data. What degree of structure of data is being used?  The higher the degree, the more efficient or the higher the degree, the more value you will get out of the electronic medical record. Access. Can you have multiple read privileges? Does the system allow many people to actually read the data at the same time without giving them the right to actually change the data? Backups. How are the backups done? How often are they done? And this of course will depend on the environment that you actually are in. Where is the backup stored? All backups need to be stored in a external location, in a location that is away from where the original data is stored. What happens if the system fails? Is there a second system that comes into play that has minimalistic functionality? Or is there a paper-based approach where you record everything in paper and then once the system comes back, you enter them into the system? What is the ease of use of the system? How efficient is the system? How robust is the system if an error is made as the system just crashed? Importantly, does the system add benefit to the clinical environment? There's no point having a system that does not add benefit to your environment. Security. How secure is the system? Does it ensure confidentiality? Does it ensure integrity of the data? So whatever data you've seen is actually the data that was recorded and hasn't been changed in any way. Is the data private? System selection. This is also a very important aspect when it comes to developing, choosing an electronic medical record. Do you choose an open-source system or do you choose a commercial system? In developing countries, because of the lack of funding, people usually go for an open-source system because they feel that it's free. For open-source systems, yes, the code may be free, but the implementation is not free. You still have to pay someone to implement the system, to buy the technology, to lay down the infrastructure for the technology, etc. etc. etc. The actual cost of the system is still quite high. There are also other important things that you have to remember when it comes to open-source systems. Things like, is there support? There are many open-source software have been developed by students at the university. Once the project is over, once the cost is over, there is no support for these systems. You have to ensure that the electronic medical record that you are using has support. Security is a big issue with open-source systems because of the nature in which open-source systems are built. Different people all come together and add different pieces of code to make the software. It is so simple for some to just come and create a back door in the software. You have to be extra careful when it comes to security if you are using open-source software. What about testing of open-source software? Testing of open-source software becomes difficult because it requires a very complex platform to actually test these type of solutions. Of course they are open-source software that are built in such a way that they overcome these disadvantages. You should also think very carefully or read very carefully the small print when it comes to these systems. Many commercial systems that are trying to make a profit of you have small print that is just ridiculous. One example of what some commercial software might do is they might charge you very little for the software but they charge you for each data entry in your database. If you have a thousand patients you are going to end up with 10, 20, 30 thousand data entries in a short period of time in a matter of weeks. You must be aware of this small print because if you accept a system like that you will end up paying a lot more money than you actually should. So be aware of the small print implementation. You must have a phased rollout. You cannot roll out the entire system in the first go. Again this also speaks to the spiral development model. The rollout must be such that small parts are introduced into the environment. And this in fact is also advantageous when it comes to change management. Because initially you slowly start making people aware of the need of the system, of the benefit of the system and eventually they take to the system more easily. Slowly training them, taking them step by step they don't feel intimidated. And training, training is absolutely vital when it comes to implementation of electronic medical records and do not feel that training only deals with the training for the use of electronic medical records. You will find that there is an entire other dimension to training. Majority of people are actually computer illiterate in developing countries. They may be nurses, I even know of some doctors that are in fact computer illiterate. So training, aspect of training is training people on how to actually use the computer. How do you put it on? How do you send emails? How do you troubleshoot problems? It's only after this then you can actually consider training on the actual electronic medical record system. Support, you must provide support. Support should ideally be local. So that if you cannot get to the bottom of the problem by telephone or video conference you can actually drive down there and help. Finding champions. I can't stress to you enough how important this is. When you want to ensure a successful implementation of your system you must have champions. You must have a person in the hospital that or clinic that is actually on your side that is excited about this technology that will speak to people about this technology that will encourage them that will show them that it will work. It is absolutely vital. Creating super users is also a very important part of ensuring the long term success of your information system of your electronic medical records. Because the ideal situation will be super users managing the system. Super users trying to change things in the system. Rather than spending a lot of money on getting developers to come back and change things. And again the generic database model actually facilitates this. It helps with creating super users that can in fact change the system to facilitate whatever the new environment is. You must celebrate success. You must show people when things work. You must reward them when things work. You must learn from your mistakes and have an adequate budget. Always ask questions. Just because it is written in literature does not mean that the person implementing the system is not taking it the wrong way is not showing it to you in the wrong way. For instance studies have shown that holding and caressing animals can dramatically speed a person's recovery. That's what the teacher says. But does that mean if you give an old lady a snake to caress it will improve her recovery. So never take things for face value. Always ask questions. So what are the important questions to actually ask? The first question, the most important question is is there a need for the system? Systems should be developed where there are needs and not developed because it is cool technology. Not developed because someone got a grant to develop it. It should be developed because there is a clinical need at that point in time. Do all the components function correctly? Is it reliable? Is the system accurate? Is it fast? Is it well built? So does the system use a modular design, a design where you can actually add different components to what you want rather than having one huge system that is complex to actually use? Are people actually likely to use it? You must understand which parts cause what effect. How is it maintained? Who is going to maintain it? What is the cost of maintaining it? What is the long term sustainability of actually having the system? How can it be improved? Always think about how to improve these systems. Very importantly, is the interface intuitive and easy to use? Is the interface in line with the cultural environment in which you are in? In fact, I heard of an information system. Yes, it wasn't a medical information system. Nevertheless, it was an information system that actually failed in a country because the wrong colors were used in the interface. Those colors were seen as being negative and sort of full of bad luck in this environment. And people didn't want to use it because of those colors. So it's important to actually understand your cultural environment to actually build an intuitive interface. Does it communicate effectively with the other hospitals and components? And this is important, integration. Integration is absolutely vital if you really want continuity of care for patients. If you really want to improve healthcare. It is vital for different components to actually communicate with each other. Especially if you have the long term plan of a national electronic medical record. How does this system communicate with the other systems that are in place? How does this system communicate with the district health information system? What standards does it use? Does it use HL7? Is it robust? If a mistake is made, does the system just crash? If a mistake is made, how can you recover from it? Is the system robust? Thank you very much for your time. I hope you enjoyed this lecture. It basically was about trying to make you understand some of the questions that you should ask yourself when implementing an electronic medical record. Thank you very much.