Another quick sound check or five minutes from the hour. Alrighty, we have hit 9 p.m. Pacific Standard Time That may be a lot of different times in The world for the people here tonight for me, it's 11 p.m So I'm Hopefully going to match the energy that I had 12 hours ago And I give you a lively and non-threatening Chemistry so thank you all for coming this morning Morning, it's not even morning for me and for many of you it's not morning, but for me, it's always morning, I suppose Thank you for coming. I really appreciate it And I really appreciate folks who came to the first time I presented this And Have come back for it again I haven't made many many changes. I had I had planned to do a lot more updating but in the last two weeks we went from In-person classes to online classes and back again With like oh only a couple of days notice for each transition. So it's it's it's kind of been a Roller coaster here. So Anyway Let's get on with the show here. Let me delete my warning here may contain chemistry and cats and Drawings I've drawn myself We do that guy and There we go. Okay, I Always have to take a moment to figure out the the The screen so When the Nobel Prize was announced in Last fall, I thought it would be a good opportunity to talk a bit to this group about Some organic chemistry some of the basics of organic chemistry I'm gonna mention several Nobel Prizes that have contributed to like the current one so You know, basically I'm gonna Talk to you about some of the basics of organic chemistry, I'm gonna talk to you a lot about some of the jargon and what it means because You know the the field is just full of jargon So We go that works. Okay, so the 2021 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Benjamin List and David McMillan Listed some some some reactions. I'm gonna focus on McMillan's work Which was an actual deals elder Reaction and the Nobel Prize was given for quote the development of asymmetric Organic catalysis See if I can Copy that and put it in the local chat then you can actually see this I have given the PDF of this talk to Jess it's in your science circle email Jess. So this will be posted as as well Asymmetric organic catalysis it sounds like English, but is it really no it's more organic chemistries So so let's dissect these words and figure out what they actually mean There we go, so this comes from Chemistry and engineering news And it's a picture of the reaction that Was cited in Nobel Prize. This is from McMillan's work So it's it's this stuff and this stuff in the presence of this stuff and you get these two things Thank you very much. That's the end of my talk. We'll see you tomorrow. No, no, no, I need to explain a lot more than that So, yeah, how does this work? Well the Key part on this chemical is where the pointer is there's a double bond Then there's a double bond single bond double bond and These two key parts get together to form a ring and we end up getting this Structure here That's the basic deals Alder reaction. Okay, and there are some details details that we need to know about here Okay, so What are these details? Alright Well, the deals Alder reaction was discovered and discovery only has one s. I should have caught that before but It's discovered in 1928 by two guys auto deals and Kurt elder some of my Students make the mistake of thinking it's dr. Deals Alder just one guy, but it is two guys They got the Nobel Prize for this in 1950 and It forms six-membered rings six-membered rings. Why are those important? Do the previous slide There's a carbon there's a carbon I'll explain this a little more that's two There's one. There's another one. There's another one. There's another one. That's four So two plus four six and they end up one two three four five six So this reaction makes Two carbon-carbon bonds. That's actually pretty special It makes two carbon-carbon bonds at the same time Next it There's some more jargon it does so with a preferred direction for how the bonds are made. That's regio specificity or regio specifically and if there's a Handedness like left-handedness or right-handedness just that physical property Of not being superimposable on your mirror image If it's got a hand in this then These reactions prefer just one single hand this to the prod product Hey caveats there is that you have to actually start with a single handedness of the starting materials If that's a physically possible thing okay, so This is all about geometry figuring out how to Make new carbon-carbon bonds which has been a huge problem in organic chemistry Most of the 20th century was spent figuring out reactions That would make you new carbon-carbon bonds and have those bonds point in the directions that you really need them to right One of the beautiful things about this deals elder reaction is that once quantum theory came into Existence and we figured out how to do some Quantum mechanical calculations on the these compounds These reactions are completely explainable and You can make predictions about structure right so this this ends up being a Topic that is covered in detail in organic chemistry class so You know it's part of a larger class of reactions called pericyclic reactions But I'm just gonna focus on this one type of reaction that takes like a double bond and two adjacent double bonds It makes a six-member frame the deals Alder So yeah next so Asymmetric catalysis that was in the Nobel Prize blurb the quote I read Why is it important? Well, here's here's an example. So you may remember the movie awakenings with Robin Williams and That was based on the experiences of Oliver sacks awakenings was about patients that had extreme parkinsonianism and Giving them L. Dopa allowed for them to come out of their catatonia and Re-engage with Sadly was not a permanent fix Because you needed more and more L. Dopa to get to the same place and then there are side effects But L. Dopa is an important drug It's synthesis Well, I was first made possible Was first made possible in I believe the 70s 60s and 70s and you know, basically there was a catalyst involved. There is a There is a Rodeum Catalyst involved. I won't go into the details of this reaction. It's it's really really wonderful But here's the thing you have a double bond there and You add a hydrogen to this carbon and a hydrogen to that carbon And you get this molecule, right? Nothing else has changed. You just added a hydrogen here and a hydrogen here but the thing is Look at this carbon There are four different things attached to that carbon. There's a hydrogen which isn't drawn That's that's that's a thing in these structures and then there's like That carbon which has something attached to it this carbon has had something different attached to it and that NH2 a carbon with four different things attached is I'm gonna have this property of left-handedness or right-handedness It won't be super opposable on its mirror image So, let's see. I think that is the Well, it's L-dopa, so that is the left-handed version of it So The other hand in this I don't know if it's actually biochemically active that would be the best case scenario if it were biochemically active might even be poisonous, so You know, basically it is really important to have the hand at this right. Okay, so the 2001 Nobel Prize was awarded for this type of work and rhodium catalysis palladium catalysis that gives you This handedness to molecules in really really really really high priorities that has been that has been a huge area of developments in chemistry But here's the thing do you want traces of Heavy metals like rhodium or palladium in your pharmaceuticals Right There we go. Okay, so here's an example L-dopa's handedness. I got ahead of it ahead of myself It's a better picture of it. You can actually see the hydrogen there And you can see that if you go from nitrogen to this group to that group You're going in a counterclockwise Direction if you swapped the nitrogen in that group then you go in a clockwise Direction there and the two Forms just aren't the same that wouldn't interact the same biochemically and that's because most of the biochemicals in you have a handedness to and just as You know, it's easy for one person to shake the right hand of another person with their own right hand It's it's harder for someone to shake someone's left Right, they the hands just don't go together Let's see Shiloh's question handedness That well, here's the thing the L-dopa the handedness there is What the dopamine receptors will accept? The opposite handedness May just be ignored by the receptors or may just be toxic. So, yeah Let's see. Oh, yeah.  I think there's some examples of that. No, all right Let's go on with the next slide So, yeah, basically no one wants traces of heavy metals in their pharmaceuticals Heavy metals bad traces of heavy metals You know in one dose might not be a problem But if it's a thing that you have to take for the rest of your life, then that is a Is a problem So, yeah, you know, L-dopa the other Dopa Is probably nerd, I don't know but for The general case where you have molecules that have handedness that are important for Pharmaceutical things you want to make sure the handedness is is correct. Thalidomide for example turns out Thalidomide was a Pharmaceutical that was given to pregnant women in Canada the US never Approved it And it was I think it's a relaxant, but it caused severe birth defects Yeah, you know basically deformed limbs. There's a whole generation of people just just my age who You know have Have deformed limbs because of this and it ended up that It ended up that One form was talked what well one form was mutagenic and the other form was not it wouldn't have mattered if they had given just the form that was You know Just the Relaxant because it turns out in the body the two forms actually inter-convert So so, yeah, the left-handedness and the right-handedness is is a really important thing So looking at McMillan's work again, let's dissect the jargon in this picture Starting with like how this bonding how how the carbons and stuff are all held together in the organic molecule So I'm gonna start with Lewis dot structures excuse my drawing program it's Mike draw very very quaint I I do like having a mixture of Technologies it from from from drawing to You know the 3d models, I'll show you later Let's start with just thinking about the periodic table. We've got elements And in the first row of the periodic table, we've got hydrogen and helium Notice how I've drawn a little number above excuse me the symbol for each element that number is the number of protons in the nucleus and periodic table is essentially broken down into rows and I'll tell you why and You know the rows start at the left they go to the right and Elements are You know in the sequence of how many protons they've got in a nucleus So hydrogen has one proton a neutral hydrogen since protons have a positive charge a neutral hydrogen atom will have one electron associated with it Helium has two protons in its nucleus and then neutral helium atom will have two electrons associated with it and Then for some reason we decide to start a new row Okay, I'll tell you about that So Lewis dot structures basically look at the outermost electrons the Electrons that actually do chemistry So while lithium has three electrons associated with it Two of them are in this first shell and they're associated so tightly with a nucleus that Yeah, you're never going to get them to participate in any chemistry So that means that only one electron on lithium is actually left over to do any chemistry with And that's why lithium sits under hydrogen because hydrogen just has one electron and it's outermost shell that Sees the world Okay, we look at lithium element three element four is beryllium Five is boron element six is carbon and while carbon does have six electrons again two of them are in that first shell They don't do anything. They don't associate with the outside world They're too far down close to the nucleus held too tightly for any chemistry to happen So that's why in a Lewis structure of just a carbon atom We have the element symbol surrounded by four little dots and each dot represents a carbon right same as for the hydrogen hydrogen just has one dot and what we can do is put these structures together so as to Satisfy the electronic requirements. That's the jargon of each each atom It turns out That each of these atoms is going to strive to get to eight electrons To fill the shell. There's enough room in the second shell for eight electrons. How does it do that? Well by sharing so One hydrogen can share its electron with a carbon That means this hydrogen Sharing a pair of electrons with a carbon Essentially means that has a bond but it has access to both of those electrons so it's electronically satisfied Carbon's gonna need some more friends. So there is more hydrogens invited to this party so With four hydrogens carbon can now Have access to eight electrons and that's a magic number. It makes carbon Carbon's electronic Requirements be be satisfied. It's basically all the space it's got around it is actually filled with something Pairs of electrons are usually just represented by lines if they're a bond Right. So What I've drawn here the CH4 is just methane Okay There we go. So, you know, basically if I'm gonna teach my teach my classes Show how to make these low structures. There's a little procedure. I'll run through that real quick These are my cats the little ones have grown a lot bigger That guy is eight years old. This one is three years old. She's she's she's quite large She hasn't grown anymore And in fact, they're running around in the basement with me and I'm trying to make sure that no one just kind of Diabombs the keyboard so Anyway, if if I'm if we're trying to figure out how to make a how to make a molecule just like predicted from a Formula for example CH2O That would be formaldehyde What we would do is count how many electrons are Carbon has four It's four from the left of the periodic table So basically give it four electrons two hydrogens each has one. So that's two times one Oxygen if you look at it Six from the left to the periodic table six electrons you add all of those up you get 12. Okay, you got 12 electrons to work Well, you're gonna use pairs of electrons to hold the atoms together So let's attach the hydrogens and the oxygen to the carbon and so One two three bonds three bonds. Ah, that's six electrons because there's two electrons per line So 12 that we had at the beginning minus six leaves you six and you have to do something with them Turns out that atoms attract electrons more strongly as you go towards the right hand side of the periodic table So we're just going to give all those electrons to the oxygen. So the oxygen can have It's eight electrons or at least access to eight electrons And you know, we don't have any left and that's sad because the carbon only has access to six electrons And it is very unhappy about this and essentially forces the oxygen to share one of those pairs of electrons and we get this thing called a double bond okay, and With the double bond the carbon now has access to Eight electrons a magic number Another piece of jargon are these stick diagrams. I've actually shown you some stick diagrams before but let's let's formally talk about this This would be a molecule called butadiene. This is one called ethylene and These guys are the simplest Molecules that can do the deal's alder reaction. So you got your double bond You got a single bond you got your double bond in one molecule and you got your double bond in the other Molecule and I've drawn each carbon with four bonds right double bond counts as four electrons CH's each count for two electrons. So each carbon has four electrons in our line notation, which I've given down here we Represent each vertex as a carbon atom and so there's four carbon atoms right there We show the double bonds between the carbon atoms the single bonds and the double bonds But we don't show hydrogen it is assumed that You know if a vertex doesn't have four lines The ones that aren't to draw on go to hydrogen. Okay, so this Structure means the same as this This structure the ethylene CH2 double bond CH2 means the same as this Okay, so you know it takes a little bit of practice in an organic chemistry course to Get to this point where you know it becomes second nature, but with practice it does You know people get there Let's see next So One of the nice things about these organic stick reactions It makes it a little bit easier for us to draw reactions What I've drawn with the red lines here is arrows and these arrows represent movements of electrons So double bonds actually are very electron rich because there's four electrons involved And one of these One of these pairs of electrons Can go to connect that carbon atom to that carbon atom So I've shown where the electrons come from by the tail end of the arrow and the head of the arrow shows where they go Same thing as this guy this pair of electrons can go over here This pair of electrons can go over there to join this carbon atom to that one And then we get The new bonds showing up in red And our six-membered ring Yeah, this is this is One of the hardest parts of the organic chemistry in the second year is Getting people to be careful of where the arrows start and where they end the Organic chemists are real strict about that And rightly so because this is a means of communication It is a way of telling other people that you know how our reaction happens So this upper one is just a Diels-Elder reaction this lower one. I've taken benzene Which is a six-membered ring. It's got three double bonds in it it alternates double bond single bond double bond single bond double bond and the thing is that these double bonds can move or can be represented as moving they don't actually and You know, I can have a double bond here or I can have a double bond there I've drawn what's called the two kekule structures after kekule basically first proposed these and it introduces Another piece of jargon. It's called resonance and Benzene these bonds don't actually move about the true structure is An average of these guys turns out this Lewis structures these line structures, they are so useful that You know We make them do things sometimes that they're not really designed to do You know the lines that connect the atoms They were they they imply that the electrons stay between those two atoms and are just connecting two atoms That's that's not really how Electrons work. It's not really how bonding works. There is the localization to bond So this idea of resonance where the bonds are a little bit more mobile and we say okay Well, the true structure is a hybrid of several structures. That is a patch on the theory Louis Louis structures, so I mentioned this eight electrons thing. Well Eight electrons electrons are particles and waves at the same time. It's a quantum thing so If they're particles and waves at the same time then the wave-like properties of Electrons can tell you something about where the electrons can be found The think of vibrations on a string the basic vibration on the string might have a Like a single up and the down you might have a harmonic that has a node in the middle and While the left half is up the right half would be down and vice versa, right? The 3d structure of where the electrons are allowed to go are very similar to how vibrations on a piece of string might be so the lowest energy of the lowest You know the lowest energy the one that is most close to the nucleus just has Just looks like a sphere In fact, if I stand up You stand up and There we go. I've got my orbital reser here This is Hey sometime that'll show up that is a Hydrogen One s orbital that's where a hydrogen might stash its electron. Okay, these represent these do temporary structures carbon has a Carbon has that and it's close to the nucleus, but it's got another one that's in its second shell and The second shell is bigger Because it has to be bigger because the electrons are a bit further away so Electrons that do Some bonding with other atoms and they happen to be the spherical type of electron Would be something that looks like that the thing is each shell so that hydrogen has just a one shell Carbon has two shells. It's got the interior shell, which is the same as hydrogens and then it's got The next shell second shell has something that looks like the hydrogen thing but bigger and then it has its own other set of Calling them or busy These guys are harmonics. They're like the vibration on the string that is the second order So think of it as a sphere There's essentially been cut in half right and the different colors Represent phases so that like the red may be have a positive Phase if you were to graph this on a piece of graph paper or something the blue might have a negative phase the phase itself has no physical meaning That it's not going to translate into anything macro stop if you This you know if one side is positive the other side is negative what translates to a Macroscopic property is the square So, you know if the one side is negative and you square it then it becomes positive and the macroscopic property is The probability of finding the electron so This is the shape of where the electron can be the colors phases They're kind of important in terms of bonding in terms of being able to put the Electrons So that they can connect different atoms to each other. So let's go back here So This is a bit of math and I'm gonna try not to scare you here. So there's here's a picture of a cat suiting each other As I talked to them about What we can do on an atom is Combine these or we can basically say Okay, let's take that spherical one. Let's take those dumb two of those dumbbell looking ones and mix them up and Well, if you take a spherical one If we take Oops Okay Well, there's a dumbbell inside the blue sphere Think of the blue areas adding together and inflating and where the blue and red Intersect they cancel each other out So that will end up giving us one lobe. That's big And one lobe that's small So like what I've drawn here with the blue Big lobe and then kind of a little nubby Blue lobe on the other side, right? The red represents a different one and the green represents a different one these things basically are Just going to be where your single bonds and organic molecules are made Hmm, I said there were Three of the dumbbell looking once x a one along the x-axis one along the y-axis one along the z-axis, right? We've left the one along the z-axis alone. So we just have its normal dumbbell thing This is important This is what gives us our double bonds because we get sideways overlap of these Dumbbell looking things that give us Give us where these double bonds can be Okay, if you want to do it Matthew, you can Say that I'm going to take the math for this orbital and then take the math for that orbital I'm either going to add them together or Subtract them from one another other in other words I'm going to make an interference pattern one where they combine and one where they destroy each other and on the next Slide I can show you what that looks like a little bit. So You know if you have The dumbbell on one atom Dumbbell on another atom you bring the atoms close together You're going to get a combination of those that's down here where the Atoms or where where the electrons actually pull the nuclei closer together That would be a stabilizing force. So the energy goes down y-axis on this little graph is a The Destructive interference Version of this where they subtract from one another makes the energy goes up and that shape corresponds to This Actually did Some low-level calculations on And then imploded the results into second life. So here you go. Okay, what I'm Pointing at right now moving my pointer. There you go Okay, so the thing that my pointer is pointing at right now is just just ethylene. It's just this CH2 double bond CH2 the upper the upper thing with the Four lobes on it corresponds to corresponds to a Oh a molecular Where the double bond So at this point you can't introduce that we've got Places where electrons can go some of these places occupied with electrons Okay, so If you only consider what the p-orbitals are doing the dumbbell-looking things are doing You can actually it's all back at the envelope Calculation at the very very lowest level Quantum theory and basically kind of figure out what they're gonna look like by Considering what the individual ones are going to do So in view to dying Which is one of the ingredients of a Diels Alder reaction. You've got four carbons each with one of these dumbbells The lowest energy one is going to be where the dumbbells have all the signs Align the same the next one up. Oh, you've got to the same and then there's a flip and then to the same Next one up There's two places where the signs flip And then the next one up There's three places the more flips the higher the energy And In this picture what we've got let me bring the 3d models out again Trying not to scare you by Getting them like right in your face. I've got the model of the molecule right in front of them as well so that's a beauty dying and I calculated the energies of these guys. I can see them as the labels um Beauty dying has Four electrons in these dumbbells so each of these or Two down there two down there two in there and then the top two are empty we're almost to Where the Diels Alder reaction actually occurs Considering Considering the shadings on how these Orbitals look Woodward and Hoffman came up for with a series of rules I'm not gonna I'm not gonna dwell on them because I don't want to I don't want to spend too much time on that We have to watch the energies. That's that's Margie. She's one of my kiddies. She's the big one and Sometimes she's very low-energy. She would be one of the lower but occupied So to make these reactions work What you have to do is take Electrons and figure out where they can go so that means something like Taking a highest occupied molecular orbital, which is on view the dying where my red 3d arrow is pointing to and Figuring out where on the ethylene which one of these orbitals on the ethylene It can overlap with Or it can match Can't really match with that one because The Shadings don't line up very well in here this one Okay, it can't for on ethylene. It can't do the lower one. It can do the upper one For the upper one The low bond the left and the low bond the right in the back of the in the back where of the what I'm pointing to can with Those those the colors line up Okay, I pop this in the back again You know, essentially the colors line up with the different sides of the molecule and That is where the bond formation starts because there's electrons Up in one of these orbitals and emptiness in the other one, but electrons are allowed to go And there's a nicer picture of it from Wikipedia you can see Whatever sign of orbital that Clear space corresponds to they match up as do the shaded spaces and normally you would get Let's see normally you would get the dying which has two double bonds in it Yielding it's electron over to the like dienophile is another Brita jargon that we don't really need to worry about But it would go into the unoccupied and basically you get the bond formation starting It is possible for it to go the other way Just depends on where you have electron richness and where you have electron poor So Show you one last This guy I've drawn the product over here I've drawn the product. There's my perfectionism kicking in. I need the arrow to point where I want it to point There we go. Um so You know, essentially we started with Um Two double bonds on the butadiene one double bond in the ethylene and we ended up making two new carbon carbon bonds And there's one double bond still still remaining and if you look at the if you look at the lobes Look at the lobes on that double bond You can see that's a double bond. It should look a lot like what the ethylene does But there's some participation from neighboring at right. It's not just exactly the same as the Ethylene structure in the middle I'm only mentioning this because uh, this helps to show that electrons aren't as localized as the Lewis structures might suggest they do roam around a little bit they can Um show a little ability then you would expand Okay, uh, especially in that that upper one. Um, those those electrons are kind of all over that molecule Right, uh, it's uh lowest unoccupied, but if you put an electron in there that electron would um have considerable mobility Pop this back Yeah, so I used um I used a program called games G-a-m-e-s-s Uh, that comes out of I think university of Okay, um, I'd have to I'd have to check that it is um Been made freely available, uh, you know one just has to register for a license and for academic use that is You know for non commercial use that is that is free Um, another um calculation program is called orca and uh, that's out of the max plank institute They give very very similar results So I did the calculations of all of those molecules at fairly low levels And then was able to import the calculation results into second Okay, so the Woodward Hoffman rules, um, the thing I love about it is that there's a mnemonic Um, George Scott endures Antarctic conditions and that's that's timely. Um, it's been Um, it's been cold here. Uh, sorry. I've been the U. S. Uh We've been seeing temperature about eight Fahrenheit or freedom height as uh, I've seen some people call it I think it's like mine's 10 Celsius Mine's infant Celsius But the g s e A c those actually have chemical meanings. Um, uh ground state Even that's a number of pairs of electrons Even number pair of electrons and Tara would be a um And Tara facial I'm gonna show you slides on this anyway. It's gonna it's a way of Defining how the molecules get together the form bonds. Um, so the geometry is what you want And the condition is either con rotatory dis rotatory. I've got slides on that becomes easy Let's see, um Deals alder reactions Uh, don't really occur in biofuels. No, uh They may occur when you burn biofuels just as a very minor minor thing, but then those products would get burnt as well. So um No deals alder is going to be more for making highly structured molecules Um with like pharmaceuticals being the prime example There we go. Uh, so yeah, I'm not going to worry about this Uh, Susan, I I think it is I do think it is So what do these guys mean? Um, well this entire facial essentially means that um, your second molecule has to Be twisted somehow so that on one end of your first molecule it attaches to the top and on the other end it attaches to the bottom Uh, that's kind of hard for a lot of reactions to do okay, uh Superfacial means that the second molecule has to come in and it makes uh bonds from uh, the same face From the from the same side so, um Having things make bonds from the same side versus opposite sides as much Is is much easier. So deals alder reactions do this super facial Type of thing. I think you can see if um, if we have um, if we have The ability to have molecules um react so that you form um new carbon carbon bonds And they both have to point in the same direction that actually starts to give you control over the reaction Um what products are made? oops here we go, um more jargon Exo versus endo all this means is Um, how does the second molecule this guy for example, how does that come in? relative to the first notice how it's Oh double bond c c double bond c And so in this case we've got the double bond is actually making The deals alder reaction happen and then there's this other thing Well here it's on the top there. It's on the bottom so Oh, thank you games. Yes, perfect um, so basically there's um, you know one this is one face that's um reacting with the thing on the top That's the other face uh How the faces react it kind of depends on what's attached Right, so endo versus exo endo is the one that usually happens It forms faster this that extra a little bit of interaction helps it to form faster and it makes the product faster Even though it's more congested overall to give them the products and I can show you an example of that over here uh Move this guy over here So, uh, this is See I meant to have the bonds in From uh pretty much the reaction shown on the slide very similar But one's an exo one's an endo The back of the molecules are in exactly the same orientation, but you can see the front One points, you know, if you look at them from the top one's a little more flattened out. One's a little more congested They're different molecules. They have the same connectivity Like each atom is connected to its neighbor in the same way But because of the left-handed stuff in the right-handed stuff the overall geometry So, uh, one of these is exo. It's the one on the right One of them is endo The exo one would be the one that would tend to form All of the things being equal Okay, so basically that's uh That's how how the visualization goes. So there's this molecule on the Um left plus the one on the middle. Um, I've made them parts of rings So that uh endo and exo actually Does matter in this particular case Okay, it's still a di-e because it's got two of these double bonds The e and e When it's part of a molecule mean there's a double bond in there somewhere Maybe I'll do a different talk on nomenclature and how to name things Yeah, okay. So, um There was also con rotatory and dis rotatory. I just mentioned that really really briefly This is a molecule with a double bond a single bond and a double bond and what you can do is shine light on it and um This carbon will rotate Clockwise this one will rotate counterclockwise I'm sorry. It's drawn so that this one rotates Clockwise that one rotates counterclockwise. Yes, I said that right No, they're both going clockwise duh that way you get the lobes of the same shading Coming towards each other forming a bond Uh, and then you have a bond But you know, if you had a methyl group there and a methyl group there You start with everything in the same plane But you end up with one methyl group up one methyl group down Okay If you have a different number of double bonds involved You can have a reaction Where these guys have to rotate in the opposite direction. So that's the dis rotatory to make that bond Okay, so, um these these rules these, um considerations of What colors the lobes are essentially? Um, give us control over structure So, so yeah, I mean, there's just a couple of points here Um, a lot of the times these things all happen at the same time But you could have one side connect Earlier than the and the other go click click um Lewis assets, I'm probably, um Going over with my time. So I think I'll um not Inflict that on you right now One nice point here is that these reactions are reversible. Um, you know, you can, um Heat these molecules up after the reals reals reactions and make them make them go back to their starting material That's particularly useful if you want the deals elder starting materials But uh, there's no real good way of making them. Maybe what you can do is get the particular like product That you would get from the deals elder reaction. Maybe you can make it a different way and if so heat the bejesus out of it and um, you know, basically get back to Starting materials that you want not a particularly efficient way of doing things, but uh, sometimes they are used Let's say I got one little model of a transition metal complex Which basically means transition metals the brown atom It's not the most efficient the brown Got it is an iron That the brown atom is an iron atom and it happens to be connected to Looks like a six-membered ring. That would be what's uh, up and down vertically on It's actually connected to four of those carbons. You can see four lines there um, it would be that would be a dyeing um The iron being connected in that way. So what we could do is Maybe a reaction that might Give you a deals elder reaction if the iron weren't around but uh, this ends up being a masked Reverse but again Having metals In your pharmaceuticals Is not good That brings me back to uh, macmillan's work basically found ways found a way to um Make this deals elder reaction. You see your double bonds. You see the pair of double bonds. He made this reaction go um faster And he made it go to One of these products I think about 97 yield maybe 3 yield of the other one um And he did it without a method Um, this catalyst This thing if you didn't have it there the reaction would probably not go very well And maybe give a 50 50 mixture or something like that I got it to go in a 90s I think with I've got it on the slide 97 to three years So Essentially this is from the original paper shamelessly stole the picture essentially This catalyst that nh group Can End up where that oxygen is Okay, so this isn't exactly this. This isn't exactly the same molecule as an intermediate. The only difference is um, this benzene ring over here Has been replaced by a hydrogen in the molecule they chose to draw but essentially This set of atoms corresponds to that starting material The rest of it Is where that nh is attached And the beautiful thing you can see is that there's this huge group on this side That's going to block the second molecule from coming in and make it so that only one face Of this guy can react And that's where That's where our like 97 yield comes in um This is this is how You would have to explain what's going on if you were to um, take an organic chemistry course and write an exam on it. Uh, essentially um You know, you could go through a step by step analysis and you see that c double bond O is a place where that nitrogen can interact and then there's a series of logical steps that uh You can spit out water And end up having that carbon, which is that carbon Those two are the same carbon Um, ending up being attached to that nitrogen. Let's see Shiloh is asking when this process is used to artificially produce something like vitamin d or vitamin like What occurs when the vitamin reaches passes its expiration dates? Uh, are the hydrogen bonds breaking down naturally or even in the medicine? Okay, so this is a great question because double bonds Uh, and vitamin d is a great example of that because it's got a lot of these double bonds It's got this arrangement double bond single bond double bond single bond double bond Those arrangements are subject to oxidation so essentially, um Very very slowly this happens. So it's got a shelf life but essentially, um, what can happen is that you get a Um, one of those double bonds reacting with oxygen to give you a peroxide and then that starts to Um make links with adjacent molecules double bonds it ends up being a chain process Um, and it's the process of going rancid essentially So, um, you know after its expiration date, uh, they're pretty conservative with the expiration date But you know after the expiration dates probably got a bit of rancidity happening. So, yeah, basically it's changing the structures So essentially, uh on this slide, I've just kind of shown how those, um, how the catalyst gets on the, um Species of interest and all of these reactions are reversible. So once the catalyst gets on and makes the thing that actually does the reaction it can come off again In the same way as it gone on just a reverse order so Let's see what I've circled there is, uh Carbon atom that's got four different things attached. It's got a handedness There's two starting materials did not have any handedness to them So that carbon I've circled is going to Imprint its handedness on The reaction product right because this end this side Um is blocked You might get the opposite reaction product if you swapped those two groups And that's how a lot of these reactions work. I guess you get 94 of the one product and then uh six percent of the other. That's still great for the very first reaction um published Um with this purely organic catalysis Let's go back for a second. I've got a thing to say though. Um This particular uh catalysis will only work Excuse me If you have that C double bondo in the starting material to begin with Here we go. So if you have this part of the molecule That catalyst will work if you don't if you have something else there instead That catalyst won't do the same thing so McMillan's work is Is Really nice in that it shows that this catalysis is possible but You have to tune your catalyst for the reaction that you want to do So it's not something where you can just have you know, like in the transition metal catalyst the ruthenium stuff You just have it on the shelf. You just throw it in see what happens and it's likely to work Uh, you actually have to do a lot more thought and design To make a particular reaction go Uh for for for these methods All right, so that's bringing me to the end. Sorry for going a little bit late here um You know, it's very flexible and we get metal free pathways to Good good chemicals flying chemical sister as they're called Thanks, thanks orange for coming And uh, you know, basically i'm wrapping up here uh each reaction I said you need to design its catalyst and this is uh Active topic of research. I mean very very uh, lots and lots of uh papers. This has been exponentially growing since its discovery um 20 years ago Okay, so with that Uh, thanks to everybody, uh, thanks to all of you for coming and for having patience with me while i'm talking about chemistry Sorry if i'm um scaring you with the organic stuff um, I really appreciate Coming, um, you know, basically also thanks to nsf that supports The science circle and supports my research My research students. I um, i'm happy with uh, they they help a lot behind the scenes for Different things that we've done. Uh, dr rick de radiou is my collaborator on the grant Yeah, I owe him so so much. Uh, and of course, um, you know my own school You know department college graduate school of those things and definitely you for your attention Thank you so much Let's see and i'm happy as answering some questions if anyone's got questions All right Well, thank you so much. Uh, have a great evening Everybody I'll wrap up on the catalyst. They settled down Kind of fending them off only during talks Do they I'll make sure my molecule pets when I go away doesn't


It's DDK and it's time to get this cake and be great. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Hey, if you are not subscribed, make sure you subscribe and also give me a thumbs up. The goal is 1000 likes on this video and make sure you put me on your big screen video. Guess what? Today we did one order two times and made a $162. We're about to go out here and pop our collar. I got my game for my Scala. Now, the pickup location is Home Depot. We're trying to get these chips like Pringles. We are picking up one item that is a refrigerator. We're going to drive seven miles for $42.38. What? Bro, what are you talking about, man? We're about to pull up to be great. Let's go. And just like that, we in this zone. It's time for us to get it on, baby. Hopefully, we got this drone ready so we can get it out like a bank robber. Is anybody up there? Sheesh, it's critical. I think somebody is behind this door right here, though. Good morning. How you doing? How you doing? I'm doing great. I can't complain. I woke up this morning. I only have one today. H1922, 1966, 58. It says it's like a refrigerator or a freezer or something like that. Oh, okay. I already got it for you. That's what I'm talking about. Get me getting out. Thank you. They got this drone on the car or something. So we're getting 50 EEs. Oh, yeah, they got this drone on the car. They ain't that tall. They ain't as tall as I thought it was going to be. Oh, this drone is exclusive, the refrigerator. That'd be exclusive in the garage. What's your thing about that? Comment below and let me know what's your thing about that refrigerator. Y'all know my favorite part of red. I'm already trying to get this bread. I ain't messing with the fans. Let's go. I like this. Again, we're going to set it up. Time to hit the road. Y'all already know we got to get our pockets on. So, let's go. Well, guys, we might have a problem. The customer is still sleeping. For this order, it says that we have to get a signature. And when I try to call a number, they just like go straight to like hang right up on me. So, I probably don't know what to do. Let me try to call again. See that drone hang right up. Know what to do. I don't want to ring that door, but that's too early. Ain't no lights on and it's on and nothing either. I'm taking this drone back to the store. I ain't even on law. I'm taking this drone back. Back to the store we go. And we are back at Home Depot so we can stack these ships like Pringles. I want to see if they got a cart because somebody took the cart I had right there. If not, I'm just putting it on the doll and bring this drone back.  Y'all already know my name. I don't see no cart up there. I'm just about to go grab this dolly. I ain't coming to play. Use the dolly and get this drone back. A few moments later. And we are back with the refrigerator. Is it a freezer or refrigerator? Yes, refrigerator baby. Refrigerator for all the haters. Refrigerator with the freezer. I don't think I'm gonna put it back over here. I'm back. The customer wasn't there to sign for it. When they were there, but it was super early in the morning. There was no lights on. I ain't wondering the doorbell. It was super early. And they had to sign on this one.  Certain ones I could just leave it, but this one they wanted to sign for it. So here it is. I was looking for a cart, but I couldn't find one. Is that okay? That was cool. Okay, I have to take a picture of it. It's not too heavy. You want me to help you? No, I got it. Okay. I moved before having someone. No worries about it. Now we have to step back from this photo. We are good to go. Thank you. Have a good one. So as you guys just saw, we did have to return that refrigerator back to the store. We went out there to scope, but we couldn't baby. We shot a brick. But when we, when we moved into the brick, we did get some extra cash. We went out there to have a blast. Now for that order, instead of the 47 38, we actually received 94 76 because we had to return it back to the store with the ROTY app. If you have to return it out of back to the store, cause the customer's not there, you do receive double the payment. So you get paid two times while we're out there on the grind. But guess what? A few hours later, that same exact order came up again. And then somebody took it. It said, I don't know what happened. I put it in for it. I didn't get it. Then guess what? That joint reposted again. So it's time for us to pull back up and get these dividends. Let's go. And we are back again. Clap again. We back again baby. You know what I'm talking about? We've been here three times today at the same location. We are escaping baby. Getting to this money, understand me. Understand me. I'm back again. You're back. Hopefully he's in his house. Let me give him a call before we actually. Okay. We don't got no cart. Should we use this cart? Oh y'all can't use it. We can't use this. What's going on? I'm tired. I know. You've been, you're working hard. I'm gonna, hey, we're gonna get you a break.  I'm gonna put it in the van myself. It ain't no big deal. Do you want to, what if we take the stuff off this, off these right here and just put it back on there when we're done. So we ain't got to look for one. Nice and easy. Okay, so just wait before we load it. Let me wait. Yeah, let me just. Yeah, you can call them. Okay. Thank you. Oh, that's what I'm talking about. Making nice and easy. Alrighty. Yeah. No, no, I'm okay. All right, thank you. You guys have a good one. Nice and easy. I'm gonna do it. I'm laying with that. You guys are good to go. I appreciate your help. You guys have a good one. See how sweet they are below the baby. Super sweet. And just like that, we go, we are trying to get it on. We are trying to land and get these dividends. Let's go. Thank you. Like you're not at home, people. No, I don't work for home. I'm gonna end up with a concept. Yeah. Okay. They have some people that do work for home. They drive like box trucks, though. Yeah, right. Yeah, I do, I do gear gas. So this came on it on the app. Okay, got you. So that's what I do. That's what I'm thinking about getting into that. I do some courier driving for a resistance company. You do?  Really? So, and I've been thinking about getting a... I have a YouTube channel. Oh, really? What's your name on YouTube? It's called Cars and Crips. Cars and Crips? The best thing on YouTube. So I'm going right here? Yeah, right here. It's perfect. Yeah, so I do all the deliveries. Really? Yep. I started out doing DoorDash. I moved, we moved all the way up to the van.  Cars and Crips is the best thing on YouTube.  That's awesome. So we started out doing DoorDash, then we did that, they have an app. Have you ever heard of an app called GOMO? Yeah, yeah. I had some... You gotta go to Chicago though. Yeah, right. And so that's basically like a job order. And it's just they've got different job offers. Yeah, so it's like you gotta do the package deliveries, but you gotta go to Chicago to get them. And then you pick which area you want to go to and then you just do it. Okay, okay. Wow. Yeah, and you could use that to do it too. Yeah, cause you got a smaller stuff. Ship Driver. Ship Driver. S-H-I-P-T. Ship Driver. Ship Driver. Ship Driver has it too. Okay. Ship Driver. If you go on YouTube channel, I got all of it on there. Everything. I have a video. You can look up the video. I have a video with 30 apps on there. Oh, for real? Okay. Cars and careers. Just see spelled regular. Yep. Let me make sure you make sure you get it right. Yeah, that's me right there. That's you? Yeah. All right, subscribe. Check it out. Check it out. You got a lot of stuff on there. Yeah, all right, cool. Yes, sir. Oh, I appreciate it, boss. You have a good one. You too, man. Merry Christmas. Merry Christmas. So, guess what? The customer gave us a $20 tip off the rip. So for that order, we made $162.14 all together. Right after I got in a van and started driving off, guess what? The dispatcher from the carry company reached out to me and said, we have this low. Can you pick it up for us? I'm like, I don't know. It's kind of later in the day. I already know if I want to do it. They're like, it's all together is going to be 54 miles. And I put it into being in for 150, but I put the beating for 150 earlier in the day. He told me he was going to call me back. I never heard nothing back from him. Then like four hours, three, four hours later, then he reached back out to me like, yeah. They say, can you come pick up the low? So I'm like, I don't know. I'm like, you know what? I'm going to get it. I'm going to go ahead and go pick this joint up. So I'm running around, I'm getting it. I'm running around and getting it, but I'm running around, but I think I'm about to get it, but I'm not. So I'm going towards the pickup location. I get about, I would say 10 miles down the road. Then he reached back out to me and let me know that the order was actually canceled because the person who has the key to get to the freight, they're not there. So unfortunately they had to cancel that joint. So I did receive $25 for that, for their cancellation, baby. So altogether today we made 187.14. We went hot like scorching. We did okay. We definitely could have done better. It's been going pretty slow as a lady. I'm guessing because it's the holidays and everybody not really buying stuff. They only buying stuff for like Christmas gifts and everything like that. So I hope you guys enjoyed this video again. Do not forget, if you are not subscribed, smash that subscribe button. Also make sure you guys hit that thumbs up. We need 1,000 likes on this video. Again, put me on your big screen video. I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Make sure you lock in tomorrow. It's going back down. We ain't playing around. It's 2023 and still big bad season. We'll keep on giving a reason. I'll see you guys on next one. We going before you already know the DDK and I'm on my way.


One of the food trend predictions our team identified, we're calling No Facts Barred Food Labeling. Now, what does that mean? Basically, you know, with politics and consumers' right to know issues colliding, the consumers really want a lot of information about their food they're eating. From mainstream brands, store brands, all the way down to a niche product, we're seeing more and more information on the package fronts. So, cereals list everything you could possibly want to know about nutrition. We've got all sorts of claims on snacks, as well as frozen foods.


In this module, we're going to look at two short videos that illustrate some of the hazards associated with falling trees. It's an optional module mainly intended for tree fallers, but anyone that walks around in the woods may find this information helpful. Michelle Rugerbrink is the Occupational Health and Safety Manager on the Tahoe National Forest and she put together this exercise. You should also review the procedural chainsaw operations and the hazard tree safety pages in your IRPG. This first short video is called Every Second Counts. Chainsaw operation and tree felling can be dangerous. The content in the following presentation is only a small portion of chainsaw safety in operation. Follow all safety guidelines, training, procedures, and job hazard analysis. Consult the Forest Service Health and Safety Code Handbook. As a sawyer, you're working under extreme conditions, low visibility, smoke, heat, stress, and long hours. It's easy to get complacent and forget two vital safety issues. First, have a primary and secondary escape route planned. And second, always know what hazards are there above you. Look up as often as it is safe to do so. Before your cutting begins, size up your work area from a distance. Know beforehand what's up there and what potentially could come crashing down on you. Walk out your escape routes as well as the lay of the tree. Remove anything in the way which could hinder your exit from the tree. Have a second escape route planned in case the first one becomes blocked or the situation changes. Don't forget, death comes from above. If you use a lookout, make sure there are safe distance away from the tree. Always be aware for falling limbs, debris, tree tops, or even the tree itself which can fall back onto you. Don't depend on the lookout's voice or any other methods to warn you of danger. The saw motor is just too loud. Constantly look up before, during, and after your cutting. A valuable group training exercise called the SIM LIM top drop can really demonstrate how important the concept of looking up and using escape routes can be. The SIM LIM uses a lightweight simulated limb released from a flagpole and below with a chainsaw and its chain removed, a sawyer simulates cutting a tree. And through different warning methods, the sawyer is alerted to the falling limb and attempts to escape from underneath. By far the best method is for the sawyer to be looking up. If you need to use your escape routes, put down the saw and use your escape route as fast as it's safe. It's up to you to always know what's going on around you and above you. So don't forget, size up the situation before you enter the hazard area. Have an escape route and always look up. Every second counts. For more SIM LIM top drop information, access the Forest Service Intranet at the website you see on the screen.


Thank you very much. Thank you. I am a little bit overwhelmed because most of my stay in Germany has always been in the periphery so whenever I come to the center I have to take a little bit of time to get myself used to. It's all about the refugee or asylum policy in Germany is to keep people within the peripheries. Cut off and it takes them seven, eight, nine, ten years, took me 17 years to come back to the center. So it's an opportunity for us to say what has been our experience as refugees in Germany but not only as refugees but people who have tried to see what we can do from our perspective to bring a little bit of solutions to the refugee problem. Even though we are a little bit disappointed that the civil society has not taken a bold step towards this kind of concept. My name is Chouheben and you are? I am Ima. And I came to Germany in 1998 and I asked for political asylum and I was sent to a place called Eisenuttenstadt. And actually in Eisenuttenstadt I had to go through the normal process of I call it normal because most refugees go through this process which is fingerprinting, photographing, removing your shoes, where the fingerprint, all the cameras, the barbed wires and soon later we started realizing that it was more about fear, it was more about intimidation and we started getting a little bit of information on what asylum really means in Germany from the leg up perspective which is that you are very much restricted to live within a certain area and that you are not allowed to get contact as easily as possible with the civil society. And after three months in this place I was sent to a place called Muchenberg which is an overgangs von Heim and it's actually not in Muchenberg, it was actually out of Muchenberg in some kind of an abandoned building, a former military camp. And we started calling the others and asking them if they have the same situation like me. So we found out that the situation was like that to everybody and when I came to this camp I was told that you are not allowed to go out of this district, you are supposed to use food vouchers, you are not allowed to work, you are not allowed to go to school and we couldn't believe that I mean being in a first world or a democratic country like Germany just because of your statue, you are not allowed to go to school, you are not allowed to go through a certain area, you are virtually every motivation as a young man, as a young woman to want to grow is systematically being destroyed and we couldn't accept this. So we came together some few of us and said we should form some kind of a small structure from the refugee perspective to go out to our German friends to explain to them essentially what is the laws on refugee, particularly dealing with their living conditions or how they survive on a day to day basis. Not just about reading the law but how do we survive. And we spent a lot of years, we did a lot of demonstrations, we did a lot of workshops, seminars in the universities, going around and talking but after two years some of us found out that we are easily pulled out there to go and talk about our problems, we do a lot of actions but when we come back to these socially quarantined places called Ube Gangtvonay we were completely cut off, we were weak, most of our friends don't really know where we leave and what is the real situation and so me and some of the others we said we should work, we should try and empower ourselves, we should look on a structure that has to, we should develop a concept that has to do with pulling the civil society from the center back to the periphery where the refugees live. And parallel to that I used to have phone calls or sometimes from my family in Africa and they'll say Eben can you give me your email address because email is cheap, mobile phone is expensive, we can't call you and I didn't know how to tell them that where I'm living I don't have access to computer. Actually I've never touched a computer and I found it a little bit shameful that you are in Germany and you've never used a computer or you cannot access a computer and I talked to some of our political friends, some young students at the Technical University in Berlin that how is it possible that I can go and learn how to use a computer. And they told me that well Eben there is a little place in Berlin at that time around 1999, 2000 in Grunbegastrasse so call it low-tech and that you could go there and explain to them that you want to learn how to use a computer. So I went there and talked to them and said that well it's not only me as Eben that I have this problem but I found out that many refugees have the problem they want to you know communicate with your family, get information, just basic information on how you can find your way out in a new environment. And they said well we have only five PCCA you could come here and actually come and learn how to create an email, use a computer. So I went back to the students and said well I live in Brandeburg and I don't know how to come to Berlin. So they said well Eben we'll see how we can help you. And that's how the five first refugees came to Berlin to Grunbegastrasse. For three months we learned how to use a computer on basic things, create an email, how to access search engines, get information and then our idea was that we should go back to the heim and see how it is possible for us to install or put such communication access within these spaces to help the majority of the refugees. And that's how that's how we actually went after three months I got the knowledge and then I went back to the heim. At that time in Potsdam there was a there was a heimleiter who was a little bit more open to refugees and so I explained to her that this is our idea we want to create we need a space in the refugee homes to see how possible it is for us to bring to install communication access. And I asked her is it is it by law in Germany that refugees should not have communication access within the heims. And she says no there is actually there is no law. The problem is that who will pay for it and who will take care of it because they don't want they don't they want less work in the heims as much as possible. And so I said well we've answered that question we can take care of it ourselves and we don't have a problem of who will pay for it because our supporters are going to do that. Then there was a third problem we had to write to the administration to explain to them exactly what we want to do. So she says well I will help you formulate the letter and we can write to the Auslan W order to say well we don't want to form terrorists it's just for people to get information and that. And so we wrote and they accepted and that's how with our friends with students we also had to write to the trigger the people who actually are running the heim to get their permission. At that time it was Martesa and we wrote to them and they accepted because we wanted the concept to be very free from the administration. So they in the corporations fair and borrow or the contract we wrote with the trigger of the heim is very explicit we wanted them to give us just a room only room it means we had to put our own connection our own internet connection where the computers were brought by us it was given to us by our supporters we did that we installed them with with Linux to Ubuntu and we had to run the internet cafes ourselves and they accepted the contract and so we took our boreholes with our friends and that's how we succeeded in building the first internet cafe in the whole of Germany in the Fluschling's Heim and then it progressed to other places looking for the Prince Lau, Bad Beelzeisch, Berlin-Marienfelde, Berlin-Hellersdorf, Eisen-Hutenstadt, Rattenau. Now our idea of creating the internet cafe as I explained before was not it's not just an internet cafe it's because we found out that there is we had to devise a means to bring the civil society into these so-called socially quarantined areas we were looking for a means to break the isolation that we are not only pulled to the center to come and do demonstrations and seminars and explain our problems but how could we bring you into these places where not that we are much comfortable but that these spaces is actually a free space for us within a control space because the haemlighting cannot come into those places without our permission we we had the power within this space and that was very important for us and it's still very important for us I would say that why do refugees need internet most I mean there are so many reasons I can stay tonight why refugees need internet the most they need it for information basically arriving in a new environment an environment where legally and also in a very high degree the civil society is very not so welcoming very patronizing and sometimes really very obstructive on the other side you have a very difficult legal situation where you are not allowed to go to school you're not allowed to move out of the district you are forced to live within a very difficult environment they need it so that they can get information at least basic information about the asylum process networking with their families having possibilities for alternative education why is it very important for refugees to have these spaces if you look very well the idea of us trying to build a internet cafes is very much in the direction of empowerment empowerment we were trying to find a means where we could within this very difficult context have a space where we could then start to become participative in the German civil society from our perspective where we could start bringing little bits of solutions from our perspectives where we could orientate ourselves very much on various things that we will hope or we wish to do in the future so we were trying to derive a means into this very difficult places that we could in the little opportunity we have through the internet to develop skills and I bet you you all know you are experts on the internet what refugees could do if 14 years ago since we started now the government is a little bit afraid about internet and refugees because there are lots of things they are realizing politically can be done but in the beginning when we started we showed more about the social aspect of giving access to refugees and a lots of things we could have done from the inside and which I will talk a little bit in the little means we have what we have tried to do with the internet apart from just having computer classes would have created a lot of platforms we access in refugees emancipation with the internet cafes we have about two to three thousand refugees every day use the project imagine if we had developed alternative platforms or refugees creating their own platforms within the spaces to reveal their situation how they live on a daily basis imagine what could have been the multiplicator effects not that people I do encourage people to come from outside but it would have been great to have this concept of internet cafes within the refugees home backed by politicians because actually you don't need anything from the home lighting if we have the political support to push in the agenda of independent internet cafes within refugees homes we could have used it as alternative forces to reveal how people sleep in the rooms what is the sanitary and problems in their homes the kinds of food we could even help refugees before they even do their interviews because we make a lot of mistakes because of lack of knowledge on how the asylum process goes but if we could install as we have done in Eisenut instead they could have been possibilities online to help refugees to communicate with lawyers to give them instructions on what they have to say on what they don't have to say all of this is possible to be done now this is what we have done but we've had a lot of difficulties I have been in a situation where I've gone to a home a home lighting has called us and said please we've heard about this very good project can you come and put an internet here well he thought in his mind our refugees emancipation is a very big German organization and probably that it's a white guy was a coordinator so when I came he was surprised that actually I was an African and that I could not even speak German and immediately he changed he said well if I allow you to put the internet here are you gonna install something that I can control all the emails and I was shocked but I wasn't really shocked because I already know the mentality because I've heard from a lot of officials being scared about refugees having access to internet and I told him well we can do that in refugees emancipation and you have no responsibility in terms of anything that happens when the refugees use the internet because we have a cooperation's fair and by room we have a contract that clearly states that we are responsible all your responsibility of God is to give us a space and that's all we need now why is it very important that we build a space it's important that we build a space because as I said before refugees have to feel that they are participating in a process it's important that you don't also have this feeling that you are just coming to the home to give something and I think that once our experience are shown once there is this participation from the refugees when there's this acknowledgement that this project is their project will you realize that we will not have much problem about thinking that computers will be missing or you know having problems of what many people do think or from the administrative side that is insecure to have this hardware's in these places I think on the other side also it's important that we acknowledge that when refugees have these spaces they feel and they know they run it and they know it's their own they feel more secure also on using on putting information which is very personal to them we have been we've been a little bit disappointed that after 14 years we still have very limited asylum homes with internet access actually if you look at the percentage I'm not sure it's up to two or three percent why is this happening why is it that the civil society has not seen a very important instrument that we should not only have discussions about the laws but we should find a means on how we could empower refugees through the internet why is it that we have not tried to go into this isolated places and try to develop a concept from within you know that can expose the daily living conditions of the refugees through the internet why is it that we are not able to form refugees who can then develop various platforms from within because if you carry a camera and go into the Himes virtually the Heimleiter gets immediately frightened and would not allow you but refugees if they are formed and if they have the knowledge and the basic support we could produce all this information from the inside we could give you live pictures today from an asylum home from parents with six children living in a six-square-meter or 10-square-meter room you could see all these things live from inside and our peer player today is that the internet or creating internet cafes is a very important instrument in the fight for the rights of refugees our player today is that you can see on how you can support refugees emancipation or how you can build such kinds of concepts within the area that you do live and as I have said it is very practical it's easy if you go as an individual it might be difficult if you go as just supporters it might be difficult because the administration will look as you as a third force coming into the Heim to challenge them but we could build forces within we could encourage refugees to create self structures and these self structures could then be supported from outside which means that we have to find a means to really empower refugees it means finding a means to provide them with basic necessities especially how do you stabilize them to stay in an area to follow a concept to follow a project not only a political propaganda not only going to one demonstration and coming back but how do we find a means to run a permanent project like an internet cafe in efflutions won't I believe very strongly that we could break the knot from the inside but you have to disempower yourself to empower the refugees you have to be fully motivated because empowerment is not a one-day thing it's a permanent engagement and when I'm talking to you tonight I want you to see that the concept of refugees accessing internet has to be a permanent support has to be something which you have to be do you have to commit yourself on trying to give them this knowledge trying to allow them to come to the civil society through this new development new platforms that they can it's easily done by everyone if they are given the knowledge I how can you support us I can you support a concept like refugees emancipation or any other concept which has to do with empowering refugees from our experience we have seen that there are many times we have approached and said all we need is for you to give us an empty room that's all we need but they say no they refuse we try to ask the reason they bring all kinds of reasons we don't have space it's not possible the people here will steal all their computers we say well it's not about you running the internet cafe it's about us running the internet cafe but they still refuse and I think that that's not fair internet is not a luxury it's a necessity especially for refugees so how do we push politicians around the areas that we don't live how do we develop a political concept to make all asylum home independent of their own decisions that refugees so far as you can give them the support on how to get the hardware's how to pay for the bills and how they can run the places themselves why should it become an obligation for every time to have such a free space so there is this political support which is highly needed and which you have to commit yourself to push the politicians that it can push the heim lightings why am I saying politicians because I have seen situations where sometimes the heim administrations are positive but the community or the politicians being afraid of a negative reaction from the community on saying that refugees are free they have internet for free they have everything for free they put a lot of pressures on the heim trigger and the heim lighters are changed and they start becoming negative they start putting more restrictions on the refugees so it's important for us to have the political support and to make the concept to become part of a political decision when they are building a flushing sign or any flushing sign which is already built and that they should have a space for internet for refugees I think this is number one which is very important number two how do we now try to see how we could then use this space for different forms and ways that refugees could develop their own platforms it's it's very important that first of all the people have the concept that this is our space and so much of the things which you're going to do has to be given to them or they have to take the responsibility which means that it's it's very practical to call refugees and say where guys come together and what do you want for yourself is having internet in the heim a good idea and I bet you everybody will say that's a perfect idea and then you can say okay if you need more information you can invite us from refugees emancipation to assist or you can say well we want to form a walking group within the refugees and from day one the people know that okay we are making the decisions about our internet space and I think from there the demand or the desire to have an internet will come from inside and they can then now maybe approach whatever whether it's the heim administration or it's the people from the administration they aren't these walking group would create a positive atmosphere from the refugees and I think stage three of course will be the practical ways on how then can we make it possible which is the materials giving the materials human resources which we find sometimes very difficult to get because as I said empowerment needs commitment so if you see even I want to come to the Heim in Eisenut and start and help the people to see how they can use internet to get basic information about the German civil society to access lawyers or for whatever platform maybe teach people how they can write their articles to they don't get articles don't need to be written by Ted parties to Junals or whatever then you need to commit yourself time and money to go to these places so we need and we find that lots of people can be politically active but when it counts sometimes in terms of empowering people it's difficult for them to be engaged for a long time definitely we need finances there are lots of problems for us running the internet cafe as a self-organized group we are not very much implanted there's a lot of very difficult patronizing that there is a patronizing mentality in the civil society refugee organizations are most of the time just for mobilizing as mobilizing agent Eben comes to me shine palm and roofing for Ina demonstration and when you start occupying space from our experience in refugees emancipation when you start becoming a refugee organization that you are developing a structure and you are you started to really creating such platforms where refugees are independent then setting groups start feeling very uncomfortable about the space you are complying and the power so we have a lot of problems as a self organized group we have language problems we have financial issues there are many people where sometimes we like to do things ourselves that's part of our empowerment there are many foundations or stiff dunks sometimes when we call and I can't express myself in German it's just closed it's real most of these things are there most of our support come from students virtually from students and as I said sometimes we really feel sad about this because we are actually working with the grassroots we are actually bringing solutions to the people who really need it but a reaction from the civil society has been very lukewarm we've got a lot of support but it's been very lukewarm and we think this is this is not supposed to have been like this it could have been better and that's why we are here today we are here to say it is possible to work with refugees to develop concepts in which they can install internet cafes that can bring solutions to thousands and thousands of people I had an I had an experience with the with a home lighter whereby we said okay we have a small internet cafe it was just about 10 computers for 250 people so we needed a beamer and since he is exposed because none of them none of them that's why most people don't even know about refugees emancipation none of them when they have visitors who come to their home you see yeah we are having here an internet cafe to explain that they are better than other refugee homes but they never say that the internet cafe is organized and installed by refugees themselves they never say that so I had explained I said since you are always receiving people from outside who wants to donate we need a beamer and we don't know how to get a beamer to say she's kind of problem is physical so he called me one day and said well she'll I've got a beamer can you come over so when I came I saw the press was there and we took photos and they gave the brother big plaque written the 2,500 euros from Loto so I took the photo I heard the plaque and I they got me the pictures and then when the journalist went and he say Heshoo can you can you give it to me I said why I said why is for us I said why is it for you he said well they have given it the check is for us we will buy the beamer and we will install it in the internet cafe and when we need it we will use it we will take it when you need it you will use it so having an experience on their mentality which is they are always finding a means to get into the room to get into the internet cafe to control who should be the fan what Lisha in the internet cafe I knew already what it was trying to do so I said well I have told you that we are a registered leg out registered organization in Germany and if you want to give us something give us as a gift we don't want anybody anyone to put something in the internet cafe which they will use as a means to interrupt what we are doing in the internet cafe I say since the check has been given to you it's not very fair of you because you know what we stand for and I told you in the beginning I just give you this as an example of how even when we have an internet cafe how difficult it is to run it from an independent perspective how difficult the idea in the whole sometimes from the civil society but also from the administration how self-organized group could then become or go into the center stage and expose their situations or occupy a space where they can feel comfortable to empower themselves and I have many examples I don't know I would just say that the internet is such an important instrument creating platforms or free spaces in the refugee homes for refugees for their empowerment is very important and I say it is possible if you put a lot of interest if you come out and really say we want to do something about this and that it is possible and I've just tried to explain to you I don't know if I missed any point on yeah I would like to talk about what is our future perspectives I think I already said some things about them already definitely we want to create the internet cafes as a free space but as a space where and it is a space where you don't have to go through the Hyme administration to come to the internet cafe you have no binding to go through the Hyme administration to come to the internet cafe means if you are coming to Eisenut and start you don't need to go to the Hyme administration or to the Auslander beholder you come and say I'm going to the internet cafe and you come directly to the internet cafe so what are we trying to do we are trying to create a space whereby you can come directly with an idea with a concept and say okay Evan this is my concept or this is what we can do together and see how we can make this space a space to empower people a space where people can alternatively acquire knowledge a space where we can exchange exchange knowledge we are trying to use the advantage we have in having internet cafes in the Hymes to build apps for example whereby refugees can download these apps to have basic informations on how they can have their way around the German civil society or how they can get interview translations how they can be accompanied to the foreign office how what is the nearest place where they can get alternative health attention how can they are children go to schools we think that we have this advantage that we are already in this basis and if we can develop such a concept it could easily spread and this can become an important tool for refugees to use Germany there is a from the cccb there is a support group which will definitely talk to you in details on Sunday yes there is there is a campaign that will be done I think end of September end of September to talk to you more in details how you can how you can support refugees emancipation whether it's as I said financially politically material human resource or otherwise or to come to the I'm or contact us and see what concept you have that we can use the internet to give this concept to refugees but we have a website also which is refugees emancipation.com you can if you go to contact you can get our email address but you can also give us a call and maybe we can talk in details what ways you want to help us now and on Sunday Sunday the 15th yeah they come at the at the bedroom there will be a discussion on from the support group of refugees emancipation on how you could support the project as I said we are here and we will fight say loud and say it clear refugees are welcome here say loud and say it clear refugees are welcome say loud and say it clear refugees are welcome here say loud and say it clear refugees are welcome here thank you with the help of our computer and smartphones we can communicate every day with friends family and public communication and inform us we don't want to further know something new learn and continue to build and talk and organize and let us keep ourselves free imagine that would be no longer self-sacrifice do the refugees have access to the internet no no no directly the social day and jobs and they don't give us too much money so we are not being able to go outside and to buy something for us like internet packages it's so very hard you know we don't have any contact with your family the internet cafe brings all these people together the exchange experiences and then there's this intercultural exchange which is very important for their self-confidence and how to move on in the asylum process refugees emancipation is the best thing that has happened in Berlin Brazil internet is not a luxury it's a necessity especially for refugees with very difficult legal situation for the past 14 years self-organized group refugees emancipation has been trying to do this let's put our hands together to make it happen let's do it now so as i didn't even need my timing cards we have a lot of time for questions answers so please if anybody has a question go to the microphone on the left or on the right side and i will call you up then let's start at that corner i i want to thank you very much for reminding us to listen to what other people need i think a lot of times we bring technical solutions without knowing what those needs are i had a couple of questions one may have been answered because i came in late i'm wondering what these refugees do have and do with mobile devices and then my other question is i'm obviously from the united states i'm wondering if you're aware of similar movements in other countries your question is what do refugees do with mobile devices and if we have such a similar movement in other countries that was right here yeah my answer to this is i come from a purely activist background so in terms of true statistics i might not really be correct but from my experience is that mobile devices is not as common as people might think that all refugees do have mobile devices they don't have mobile devices and i think from when you talk to most refugees they don't bring anything or most of it is taken away from the from the pot of entry and very few of them have the possibilities to buy these devices here so i would say it's to me it's about five percent of refugees who could have mobile devices but we have had our experience in terms of refugees using mobile devices is that most refugees from they watch a lot of they talk a lot with their family they watch a lot of entertainment from their home countries music or do some video stuffs and this needs a lot of download and it's very difficult for them to really have complete access to the internet um i would say that it's not really a very we cannot really go into conclusion it's very difficult to say that all refugees have got mobile devices that's not true as i have said it's difficult the second question is that about the do we have similar movements it's i think it's not easy to do a project from an empowerment perspective because the situation of the refugee is very fluid it's very unstable and that's one of the challenges in refugees emancipation is that we have to run an everyday project years over years where there are lots of very complicated things involved you know the materials people are coming sometimes is their first time to use the computer so we always have mouses which are broken keyboards broken had this broken you constantly need someone to go to the heims as a technician to do the repairs um we don't have that kind of money and and that's part of our difficulty you have a situation where you have people from 30 different countries meeting in a room and they have to run the space within a very difficult environment where the heim leitun plays on a benny we we policy which is refugees who can report other refugees who are dank bar are giving favor so there's a lot of conflict and we have to manage a concept from a very independent perspective i would say that refugees emancipation is only on its kind in germany and europe as i know we are the only project that has come out with a concept which is on an everyday basis within this very highly actually we are the only organization alternative organization running in a afname centrum which is a reception center in the whole of germany uh there was one organization that tried to install internet in munchen the afname central and they were rejected we are the only organization and we've done it in eisenutenshta which can be a big help to refugees to support them before they can even do their interview on very important issues so i would say that to the best of my knowledge refugees emancipation is the only organization that has developed and implemented and that has rounded for more than 14 years such a concept second question please hi could you give an example how you collect the money on a regular basis to run an internet cafe your question is how we collect the money to run the internet cafes as i said all of our money comes from spend there and all come from students up to down and that's why everything in organization is done on a voluntary basis and it makes it more difficult because we get far costing for somebody we bring him to post them we train him for three months on how to run an internet cafe and then the next day he has an opportunity in hamburg he's gone and we have to look against somebody so it's it's a it's all we have got is comes from student that's the first thing the second thing is that the civil society has an issue when it has to do with a self organized group that is trying to build an opinion and this is the whole thing can refugees have an opinion in the german civil society this is the question we have to ask are people afraid for them to occupy space where they can refer to and say this is what has happened in aze won't start but to answer your question all our money to now come from spending from student organization then i say a question right after that by myself where can we throw money at you your question is where i'm from where can we throw how can we throw money to you okay well we have a website if you go to the website you'll see our account number and you can give us donations to account we are a fair right which means that we can always issue back spend equity or whatsoever you get something to add yeah a second question um how you how do you organize the internet cafe for example in eisenhüttenstadt as far as i know it is a erstaufnahme yeah and i think the people there will go away after a few weeks or months how do you organize that that the internet cafe runs these years what what we did was it's very i was in a flushing time for seven years i stayed seven years in this country and in a very difficult time where you could not do anything actually i got a scholarship i did not talk about myself but the australian beholder rejected me to go to school that was a personal motivation in trying to seek from the civil society what ways i can alternatively build myself so i i learned through political engagement how to connect now when we went to eisenhüttenstadt and told authorities we want to install an internet cafe they asked the same question they said it's not possible the people here just stay for one month or three weeks and they go away and they're gonna steal everything they are dangerous they are not good so i told the authorities you don't need to worry about that all we need from you is to give us a free space give us a room the rest we're gonna take care and as i said i had a meeting i called all the refugees we sat down and i said guys do you want an internet cafe here and they said yes we want to write an internet cafe it's okay if we want an internet cafe that we're gonna do it ourselves so of course i gave them the the cooperations fea and baron the statue which they read and it gave us responsibilities for anything like fire insecurity illegal downloads or what you can think the administration is worried about i said legally you are not in charge of the internet cafe the internet cafe is owned by refugees emancipation and we together with the refugees from that beginning in terms of participation they also participated in terms of installing their programs doing their connection and that's how we started then we have a meeting we said what are the rules what rules do we want our internet cafe to have people said we don't want people to drink we don't want people to smoke okay who are the people who are going to volunteer to be as the responsible of the internet cafe we had one guy from africa one from syria and one from i think from afghanistan and that's how we started and soon after we built a tradition and the refugees when you are being transferred you form the next one and up to six years today going seven years that's how we're on the internet cafe that's how we run all the internet cafe once you've been planted into the mind of the refugees once they know it is their project they hand it over to the next and that's how we function and the coordination takes place from the office so if a computer is broken they send us an email and then i will write to one of our german supporters who say we have a problem in the internet cafe in eisenholtenstadt and then they say okay eben i will have time in two weeks or one week and they go to eisenholtenstadt and they do the repair that's how we function yeah there are about 2000 people in eisenholtenstadt we have about 15 computers which is the only place where the refugees can meet is the only place where the share information is the only place where people do not go along with the policy of the system which is to make people be isolated and if i'm a cameroonian i walk only with cameroonian if i'm syria walk only with syria but in the internet cafe people are able to come together and share with one another experiences and different things another question first of all thank you guys very excellent work um we're doing something very similar so we uh five o'clock in hamburgs plus refugees and uh i was wondering if you could give us advice because you made one very important point when you said uh integrate refugees to give them to empower them give them the feeling it's theirs they can do whatever they want so how do you do that exactly what kind of tests do you give them or what do you do to give them the feeling that it's they are cafe and they are in charge okay the question was uh uh do people do a similar project in hamburg and giving refugees internet and how can you give them the feeling of empowerment uh it's it's it's uh it's through our discussion you realize that we talked about giving refugees internet but as a self-organized refugee group our main objective is how then can they use the internet in terms of empowering themselves politically and individually what you can learn individually but also politically and we think that the participative side of it is very important because we've tried with wireless we've given wireless but we realize that people stay in their room and they do download for 24 hours and they continue with this the the the line of the policy of the government which is to isolate people and they go to this same channel they go to specific channels which the government wants them to go to get information and what we are trying to say there is a lot of alternative information out there but you need a space where you can come together and so what I will say is that it's good to build an agri group it's good to fortify this agri group it's good to make them to participate from the beginning so that the build is confident that it is their thing it is not given from outside for let's do a second last question I I want to invite you to come to the hacker spaces and to take part in the other kind of self-organized community of the people who are alien in their own culture that feel a bit strange and they gather together and organize themselves in so-called hacker spaces or hack labs and it would be wonderful if the refugees and hackers could mix together and not stay separate that that's my invitation and the second thing is in Holland where where I currently live in Amsterdam there is this movement called we are here which is the undocumented asylum seekers that were kicked supposed to be kicked out of the country and they don't have anywhere to go so they are also organizing themselves and having the campaign to say hello we are not invisible we are actually also living here and it would be nice if you can thank you first of all I want to thank you for the invitation and I think that that's one of our goals one of our goals is unfortunately we could come here only the two of us I am not I'm not a technician actually I'm an activist and all I do is develop the concept look at the political situation negotiate with the highman administration try to organize the refugees that we continue with the project from our perspective but there are lots of refugees with a lot of knowledge about computing lots of and we can do wonderful things if we have your support building our own statistics from the Aufnahme Center on what how people can be directed into these alternative spaces but we need your support completely so I would say that yes these are concepts which can be developed in the future on the other question yes we would like to network with other groups in Europe and elsewhere and the last question yeah not a real question but a small reminder as two already said we're gonna meet on Sunday at 15 o'clock in the BER dome that's over there and try to bring people together from the camp on the from the campsite who work in refugees group to share experiences and see how we can work together with refugees not it's not about charity but working together from my point of view and we'd like to invite everyone here to come by and discuss with us so I now close the talk and please give me a very very warm applause for Chu and Ima