Hello everyone, and thank you for having me at Open Source Summit North America. I'm so excited to talk about the Metaverse on this really exciting track, and I'm here to share with you how the team at Ethereum Engine has built an open code collective that's creating the social spatial web. Well what do I mean by that? Well I think that the true version of the Metaverse that's coming is the web, and it always has been. The web is unique in the sense that it's the only digital experience where it's completely federated. Anybody can create and link their website, their domain, to others without any gatekeepers, no governments, no app stores, keep you from the web. You can instantly hyperlink from one experience to the other. It sounds like the Metaverse to me, and our web right now is very 2D, but it can be 3D and immersive. I'm going to show you how and why that's the best course of this immersive future. You know, we're walking down a long road. You know this is a sort of Damocles, which I'm sure many of you know. It really started off the augmented reality virtual reality revolution over 50 years ago, just with simple vector diagrams, vector rendering to show, you know, just being in a spatial box, you know, north, south, east, and west. And in the last 50 years we've put out many more capable and competent devices and software.  If you want to build in a crazy, beautiful, immersive experience like Red Matter or Pokemon Go or VRChat, you have to jump through a lot of hoops on this stack to get it to the devices that all the consumers have, but you know, where the users are. You have to get into an app store. You have to write towards against proprietary libraries and frameworks. You have to use that to be an intermediary to the lower level systems like Vulkan and DirectX that you're actually driving your application on. And those are yet another intermediary to the low-level driver languages that sit on all the specialized sensor and compute and display hardware that we use. And it's a giant lift to penetrate this deep stack, to build performative and to perform it, to build capable experiences really. And most developers do this with a game engine. They jump over much of the stack with Unity and Unreal, which come with advantages, but also their own limitations. They cost an extreme amount of money, taking a large amount of your top line gross on top of the app stores themselves, and they have a lot of baggage and limitations. Most people in the immersive space see this as the only way is to sign your field to one of these proprietary platforms, but there's actually an alternative. The web browser is extremely accessible and extremely capable, quickly becoming the most accessible and capable platform ever built, where the web browser can do anything that the underlying operating system can do, accessing all the sensors, all the immersive technology in the device, just through a link. This idea is nothing new. It started in 1994 with Vermel, VRML, really trying to extend the web browser. Then Janice came along in WebRTC, which really enabled real-time immersive communication. Janice was an incredible project, really attempting to build the first version of the spatial web before the standards of WebVR and WebAR were there. Then WebVR came around in about 2014, led by Mozilla, to standardize virtual reality in the web browser. A-Frame came as the first major framework, which allowed us to build the first multiplayer worlds a few years later, like Mozilla Hubs. Then WebXR came out, bringing augmented reality to the browser along with virtual reality and one unified framework. Now WebXR devices are all over. In fact, the majority of immersive devices are WebXR devices. Mozilla showed how in 2018, how we could actually extend responsive design, design that takes a unified experience for the desktop and mobile, and extend that to augmented reality and virtual reality. They did an incredible blog post in April of 2018 that really laid out how this could be done and how it's the future. It's really where our team was inspired to take this idea further. That leads to WebXR today. WebXR is on dozens of devices now, a majority of immersive devices. Here's a list of them. You'll notice that they're augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality devices, all supported by WebXR. WebXR is really built on the open XR standard, which, if you haven't seen, it's a single cross-platform, high-performance API between all the applications and devices. It targets game engines, it targets apps directly, and it powers the underlying tech that enables browsers to do immersive experiences. This diagram just shows all the companies who really made this capable. What is going on with WebXR? Well, it's actually under the hood powered by WebGL angle and WebGPU. WebGL has been around for about a decade now, and it's been turbocharged by the almost-native graphics layer engine, really pioneered by Google, which makes WebGL near-performance as native code. WebGPU has come along, and it just became a ship standard in Chrome, I think it was last week or this week, and it allows even more deep and generalized access to GPUs, including compute, cryptography, AI, not just graphics. It's really built on the strong foundation of Vulkan, even though Microsoft's moving to make it more directly supported by DirectX. There's also the GLTF, which is the graphics layer transmission format founded by the Kronos group, who I know is participating in this conference, and is the 3D format of the Metaverse. It's actively being extended and worked on. Our team is extending it for dynamic logic, instancing, level of detail, all things that you'd see in Unreal Engine 5, and bringing it to this open format. There's also computer vision and machine learning in the browser. Thanks to WebGPU and WebGL compute shaders, great frameworks like TensorFlow.js and MediaPipe that allows us to do machine learning training inference, which means running models like the post-tracking object detection face tracking that you see here, and also you can tune it for different device capabilities, like high and low performance, go for accuracy over speed, all sorts of things you can do in training, and actually record data, like these facial tracking and motion tracking to become motion capture and facial capture. All done in the browser now, and it's extremely, it's mature and in many ways easier to use than a lot of the native machine learning frameworks. We use it intensely. And because this machine learning framework powers computer vision, this allows us to do all sorts of magic in the browser. And the web metaverse works today now, thanks to these tech technologies. We extend open frameworks like WebXR with other frameworks like LightShip and Eighth Wall, we've looked at others that are out there. But if you haven't heard, the web is popping off. And now you can do world scale augmented reality, social virtual reality, full body, IK avatars on top of Web3, all sorts of things are now capable in the web, just as capable as the major game engines. And it's all through this magic of the fusing of sensors, high low level, high performance graphics layers on top of different devices, all powered by all major browsers. So I'm just going to take you through here, this is the kind of network of different rendering engines, different sensor platforms that browsers use to target different operating systems. Firefox uses Vulkan, OpenGL, DirectX, Metal on top of ARKit and Native Sensor APIs to target all major operating systems. Safari building deeply in WebXR on top of Metal and ARCore, it's growing more and more every day. Same thing with Chrome. Chrome has taken a very large approach. If you have any questions about this reach out to me, I'm going to go in deeper on how these systems actually work under the hood and how to tune them to be performant. And the same thing with Edge. Microsoft is working deeply to bring DirectX 12 support to WebXR, allowing Windows to be even faster as this spatial web platform, the spatial web standards evolve and platforms are built on top of it. So we focus very heavily on trust and control. Something that's hard to find with a lot of these opaque frameworks. And trust and control is really accelerated by the transparency of open source. And being able to see the code gives you trust and allowing everybody to publicly audit and critique the code allows for us to add security, compliance, control, performance all openly and then really build trust. And it also means control, control by customization, control by all the massive options we give you. And this is why many people have joined us on our journey to build this open framework. So if you don't know what a ethereal engine is, it's a high performance 3D engine built on WebXR and WebGPU. It's really a three sided experience. We have our creator side, which is this collaborative web editor where you can build, like Google Docs, you can build together a 3D world.  There's tons of third party plugins like maps, and shopping has an entire dev API and project toolkit. It can be hosted in the cloud on all major cloud platforms or self hosted, has a deep analytics stack, scalable multiplayer with dedicated server back ends, and everything is powered by this immersive telecommunication back end that allows full voice chat, HD 4k video and full body tracking and recording. It's pretty wonderful. And there's nothing quite like it as far as an in the box, opinionated, easy to use solution on native game engines or web. And it's really benefited from this thriving ecosystem. We've tracked over 200 projects built on a ethereal engine. We have, I think, more than 80 contributors now. It's been deployed in over 25 companies, probably a dozen countries, and it's been used for all sorts of projects from immersive ads, brand activations, concert games and other entertainment stuff. We've actually seen it in healthcare now. And these are a list of some of the great companies who have worked with us to solve their problems in an open collaborative way, use, you know, contributed to our open code collective and built towards the common dream of the social spatial web of the web metaverse. Here's a video of what it looks like inside. This was a party the team had, I don't know, a couple months back. We had somebody screen share. It's one of a concert. We just jumped into one of our worlds and went dancing and you can see it's full body IK in the web. You know, we have immersive menus. It's really cool. It's giving you a bit of a flavor as we flip through. Here's our collaborative world editor. You can actually at the top right, you can see we're actually connecting to a world server in a shopping world and playing back some data of players checking out the store and seeing the layout. It really feels like the Sims. Here's some other interesting things we do. This is a passport wallet. So you can come in here, pick up a key, use this key elsewhere, give you access to volumes. This is essentially a key that you get after you finish the tutorial. It's a key credential.  You can have one that says, I finished the tutorial or I'm over 18 and I should have access to the adult worlds. We use these open credentials everywhere in the ethereal engine. They're extremely cool because they work in a federated environment. So if you have two different worlds on two different domains by two different companies in two different countries, and you can use, say, this age credential or tutorial credential can be honored everywhere. And this allows us to do all sorts of interesting things as far as building federated experiences such as you can put your avatar on your wallet and go from one world to another. And your avatar and your name and your height and your right hand in this all persist and can be automatically fluidly moved. This goes for parties, all sorts of groups, extensions, and really fills out the capabilities of the spatial web. Here's a bit of our team. We have 16 core members. We're actually growing. So please reach out to us if you're interested. We have some dedicated artists and many artists in our community and a lot of community contributors. I think we have a dozen community contributors as well. Here's just another taste of the type of experiences you can build. This is a scanned in virtual digital being, or this is actually a volumetric capture, excuse me, of a woman who was kind enough to be one of our fashion artists. And then we put digital clothing on her using an olympic and put her in this virtual world for a really cool fashion activation we did. And if you check out our demos, you can go into this cavern of chic, we call it. But this is a level of quality you can get right from the web browser. Thank you guys for your time. If you'd like to check out our demos, go to XRTI.me, XR time, and that will take you to our portal page. We have about eight virtual worlds and four augmented social augmented reality experiences. They're all multiplayer. They all work on mobile desktop, augmented reality, virtual reality, especially great on the Oculus Quest. And if you have any questions, reach out to me. I'm Liam Broza at etherealengine.com. Yeah, so I'm going to finish in our shopping mall. Well, you'll actually see a sales representative who is a real person who notices somebody coming into one of our virtual stores and she's here to actually help answer questions and guide you through the complex task of buying a high end laptop. You can check this out on our YouTube. But this is actually a square space, excuse me, a Shopify site, a Shopify catalog spatialized in this store in this multiplayer store. And you can actually go shopping. You can make a cart and check out. So I'm going to skip here to the end, but you can see he actually buys, I think it's a laptop and headphones and is able to check out right there. And this works for Wix and all sorts of other things, all sorts of other e-commerce platforms. And that's really the power of the social spatial web. You can integrate with all these other platforms and actually drive commerce directly from your website. Yeah, here's another brief experience. We call this our Can Your Website Do This Campaign that really shows this is an immersive augmented reality fashion show directly from your web browser. I actually went on a boating cruise and just pulled out my cell phone and shot this. Actually, I shot it on an iPad using Atoll and showed everybody here how we can have a runway shopping experience and buy any of these dresses. It's multiplayer too. You guys should check it out. If you have any questions, if you'd like to contribute, we're at etherealengine.org and we're always looking for contributors to our open source platform. Thank you guys. It's a pleasure talking here at the open source summit and I look forward to-


Okay, yung paksa ko ay media at marshalo. Bagong man ang PS21 na me-launch na kurso ay may mga four semester ako nagduro ng media at marshalo sa UP journalism department sa Mascom. Nung nag-sumapya ko sa PS21 na group, I was regularly bringing in yung mga materials ko at yung mga insights ko on how might we should teach media at marshalo to students in journalism courses at syaka sa ibang kursos sa university. Yung pagtuturo ng media at marshalo, I used these two themes. Importante kasi na hindi mo lang ipakita yung repression of media during marshalo but also to show that there was resistance coming from the journalists themselves or the media itself. So ito yung dalawang theme that I use to frame the discussion sa media at marshalo. Balik pa now, kailangan kasi ilagay sa context media repression under marshalo. So ito yung context na binigay ko. Before marshalo was declared yung media sa ating bansa was considered the freest in Asia. Halos lahat ng media industries or media corporations are privately owned and independent. In other words, they are not regulated by the government unlike in other countries where there was strong hand or presence of government media or state-owned media. Kuntilang yung state media because the country has predominantly private-owned media and they are independent. In other words, independent from government control and funding. Arambos sa kanila, especially the big media corporations are owned by oligarchs and they made their fortunes from sugar industry, from trading and of course e-commerce and media. Nadapat natin ma-emphasize din na the media natin ay dalaway yung tradition, yung revolutionary tradition, which of course goes back to the solidarity of the Spanish colonial times yung paglaban sa Amerikano during the Commonwealth era. Atyaka yung libertarian, the post-war era, which is predominantly or basically America introduced na the free press, works towards the creation of an informed public and supports democracy. These are the two traditions of the media in the Philippines. Nung nag-declare ang marshalo, marami nagsisabi na it is the dark Arab Philippine media na of course na busalan or silence, self-regulate and post-war media. Atyaka kasi at Tonya Maria Nievas, Tonya Nievas, one of the leaders na media, yung sa kappanahon na Marcos, sabi niya media as being under a stage and journalists are working under the shadow of death and self. Ibig sabihin, there is incompatibility between authority and rule or dictatorship with the tenors of press freedom na nawas hindi mo pwede isabay kasi press freedom thrives in conditions of openness and democracy. Nilagyan mo siya ng control or constrain, hindi na siya malaya. Basically that yung incompatibility best describes na the packet the media under Marcos was suppressed or repressed, sorry. So when marshalo was declared, ito yung nangyari, these according to primitive o meharis, ito yung number of English dailies and business publications, Chinese dailies, lahat ito yung sinara. And yung mga major news organization, cinecure yung building nila with military, pinapadala nang military and armed soldiers, pinapalikiran yung kanilang newspaper offices at hindi sila pinayagan ng magprint ng kanilang newspapers. And of course, matindi dito, I'm going to discuss this in the next slide, the arrest of editors, columnists and reporters who were independent and critical of the Marcos's. Of course, yung marshalo yung mag-justify ni Marcos na may arrebellion kailang kailangan mit marshalo. This also to in media, sinabi rin di Marcos na there is communist conspiracy and media are enabling yung communist propaganda and given the communist platform kaya kailangan din sila isara. So these are the major newspapers padlocked by Marcos and yung last two free press and graphic are magazines and the rest are newspapers, English and Filipino and mixed newspapers. Ito yung ma-inaresto. Si Rolando Fadul nag-turu yan sa UP Journalism Department and also Luis Chidoro, of course Louis Beltran also taught in the Journalism Department. And of course, ito yung mga publishers, si Chino-Roses, Hanyu Lopez, Chidoro Luxin senior, not the junior, Max Sullivan. So ito yung inaresto at Kinolong. And after the suppression of the press of the privately owned independent press, there emerged scony press. After a few days, five days later, pinayagan na mag-publish ang Daily Express, owned by Roberto Benedicto na fraternity broad and classmate ni Marcos sa UP College of Law. So sabi ni Primitiveo Mihares, hindi ito toong kay Benedicto yun, actually yung pagaari ng Daily Express ay nasa kay Marcos, siya lang yung soko-dummy. But of course, tumata yung owners in public si Roberto Benedicto. And then there are three newspapers that were allowed to publish shortly afterwards. These are the Daily Express, of course, the bulletin today, owned by Hans Menci, is sa Siang general, was the former ADCamp of Marcos, a chakayong brother in Lonnie Marcos who owns the Times Journal. It's a third newspaper allowed to publish. And then of course, yung Channel 9 and DWWW ay pinayagan. And of course, yung state-owned radyo ng bayan ngayon ng tawang. It was called PPS before. Mayroon din Presidential Assistant si Marcos by the name of Juan Tuvera, asawa siya ni Karima Pulotan Tuvera, nagpabrisin sila ng isang Chinese newspaper, The Focus Magazine, which is a literary culture magazine, at dalawang newspaper na evening edition, chakayong Metro Manila Times na morning edition. So ito yung pinayagan na magpublish sa Panahuna ni Marcos. And then another thing about repression is may mga guidelines, may mga laws and the creation of layers of censorship. And chakay, this censorship was institutionalized by these organizations. Kanyakanya silang censorship board. Mayroon si Enrily, of course, Glenny's Enrily, the oldest living mammal in politics, si Tataad, buhay pa ngayon. And mayroon din Simiharis, mayroon din siyang censorship. Tawag dito ay Advisory Council, mayroon din, and of course, yung KBP, Public Association and National Press Club, these were controlled by the Marcos regime. And chakayong Broadcast Media Council. So they take care of licensing, they take care of guidelines to publish, chakay may Department of Information under Sir Dania na timiting na nila talaga ako anong balita ang lumalabas. And during the time, Enrily, yung lumabas yung movie na The Godfather, gustong ipasensorn in really kasodaw violent ay yung mga sins. So and then of course, kasi yung military was also doing its own censorship under those groups. May yung military na hindi trained to, la naman siyang expertise to look at media contented, sadili si Dan naga decide ko anong yung lalabas na balita. And how did Marcos control the media as he said censorship? Pero I think yung masakiti censorship when a journalist should be working on conditions of freedom at chakay censor may sarilo, masakiti yung, because you're lying to yourself. I think that's even more destructive psychologically. And God lines on what to write. And then sinabi ni Marcos na si Kaya Sir Dania. You tell the editors to publish only positive stories or play down the negative ones, chakay yung makritika stories huwag nalang. And then of course, they control the newsprint kasi hindi kailangan mo ng newsprint to print newspapers, but they monitor it so you can just set up your own newspaper without being licensed by the government. And that's also true for the broadcast, station and television. So sabi ni Saganiamp, the latest Saganiampon.  Kasi may mga sinasabi si Marcos at chakay kong iba yung lumalabas, niriretouch nila. Wala pang Photoshop nungon, niriretouch nila yung mga foto. Pati yung mga billboards ng movies sa cinehan, mga posters, kailangan kasi paint over yung mga firearms, kailangan crew katiyong mga buhok na mga lalaki. And this is really silly and so ridiculous, but that happened because of censorship. Okay, so these are the laws. Ito yung mga batas kung paano pinagawa yung censorship and the corresponding punishment. So this, my even rumor mongering is punished under PD-19, of course presidential decrees are Marcos created laws by the power of this that in him he declares himself to be the legislature and creates craft laws. But some of these laws still work to this day, which is really we should be stricken out of our jurisprudence because some of them are really harmful and created their conditions of control. So it's subversive journalism, it's penalized and pedikang ipakulong ni Marcos. And of course there were extra judicia killing of journalists. Ito yung mga journalist na na matay sa panahuna ni Marcos and especially in 1984. A year after the assassination of Benigno Kino Jr. Marami kasi yung mga journalists na naging critical na at pinasalvage. Kuli was killed in Marawi. And ito yung mga journalist, ding kong sorry, Kenetli sa suno primitive yung Miharis nagsapil ang siya. And these are the journalists that were killed. Si Kenetli yung militari na kapatay sa kanya yung mangamit niya eventually fell into the hands of that soldier or the military killed him. And there were also libel cases, yung I think which is a practice carried on to this day siyong media corruption. Because journalists ayaw nila ng, ayaw sila payagan magsula, nibribless ni Marcos eto yung pressurize ilabas niyo and this practice of corruption continued to this day. So in 1982, may walong baba in journalists that were invited for interrogation. Ito sila, Cheris Doryo, Maglipon, Lorna Carol, Carlo Tirol, Babs Scotcholivarez, ito sila. Pinatabog sila sa Port Bonifacio. Pinag tapanong and it was actually an interrogation before a military panel at sinasap mga questions ranging from the personal to the political to professional. Kasi yung sinasagest niya nag-brainwas kayo ng inyong mga readers. You're involved in brainwashing your readers. These are the eight brave journalists who stood up and wrote pieces that were critical of the Marcos dictatorship. And then of course, may retirement, forced resignation of dark editors among them, Magsanok, Rodriguez, atyaka yung mga critical journalists, nibinibigan ng assignment. And of course, Tony Nieva was detained because he was accused of rebellion and subversion. And in 1982, after the WeForum wrote about the fake medal of Marcos, it was raided, nagkandak ng radio-military at pinasara yung WeForum arrested, who said it was sheer the publisher and editor, entertain of its staff, including Sok Rodriguez and Armando Malay, senior. Okay, at least it's a quote from Leti Jimenez Magsanok, the late Leti Jimenez Magsanok, former editor of PDI. Sabi niya, yung trabaho kasi nag-journalist is simply to inform. Atyaka, kung magsusulat kami na mga lubak-lubak sa daan at sa mga sex stores, para kami rare-view mirror, na nakikita namin yung mga manholes atyaka mga smooth road and where it's our job to point out the flaws, the potholes and manholes, so to speak, so ulang mahulog doon, sabi niya. And this is, of course, the libertarian tradition of the Philippine press. Okay, but of course, kung may hegemony, may counter hegemony for my ideology, may counter hegemology, and in the 80s, there emerged something called the alternative press, a.k.a. the mosquito press, paano nagumaway ang mosquito press, paano lumita yung pangalan, yung government official means most, nagsabi na, well, ya, mosquito press nang yan kasi parang mosquito na nga gating, di naman siya harmful, madali naman siyang patayin, madali siyang alisin. And that's what they thought because these are the definitions of the mosquito press, also called the alternative press. Basically, these are anti-Marco's publication, variety, sorry, din tayo doon. May mga iba-ibang klase, these papers published by independent journalists, WeForum at Malaya, may mga newspaper din, mga pahayagan na nilathalin ng religious and ecumenical groups, like the association of AMRSP, major religious superior in the Philippines, and Veritas, which is the Catholic Bishops Business Conference of the Philippines, may mga supplements din. These are part of the main issues of newspapers, but in the weekend, they come up with supplements and then may newsletters ng mga human rights organizations. And then, of course, may mga student publication din, gaya ng Philippine Collegian and other student publications in other universities, mayroon ding underground revolutionary publications, these are part of the mosquito press tradition. At siya kaming mga leaflets, occasional publications na pinag-distribute, pinag-mass-dig, these are mammograph, photo stencil, and photocopy distributed by sector organizations and people's organizations, dueling, rallies, demonstrations, and pickets. Ano bang pang nature? Ano ba yung klase yung mosquito press? These are anti-marcus press, which is also oppositional press. What does it do? It opposes the discourse of the dominant discourse, of the marcuses, of the marcus regime, sorry. And when alternative press namin namin, it's counter hegemonic press. It undermines the hegemonic of the marcus regime. Ano ba yung mga factors contributed to the growth of the mosquito press? Paano sumibol paano lumagoy yung mosquito press? These are the sum of the factors. Yung spread of anti-marcus movement, yung lawak ng paglaban against the marcus regime, yung paglabasan ng mga political groups that provided sustained resistance and political awareness. So, of course, nakikibaka against the marcus dictatorship. Of course, hindi natin madinayto, the watershed, of course, was the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr. But everything seems to be just like, you know, it seems like to be a surprise to everyone na dumami yung mga taong lumaban, at saka lumabas at nagbabasa at nagahanap ng jario na nalathalan ng katutuhanan. Then we have to consider the technological side of it. Ito yung sinabi natin, technologies of reproduction. Ito yung mga xeroxing, electronic printing technologies nams madali magpakalap ng mga printed materials. Dati kasi linotype pa na yung electronic na mas mabilis na yung mga printing presses at saka may xerox machine and electronic printing and it's easy to spread information because of this technology. Well, you can say ngayon, we have platforms, social media before, those are analog but they were so useful in spreading printed materials. So ano ba yung effects? Ano ang impact ng alternative press or anti-marcus press or mosquito press? First, in undermine yung hegemony of the marcus press. At saka, pinagbabanggagi yung dominant discursive space. Dati kasi monokuli lang ang crony press. For example, the day after the assassination of Bacchino, yung malaya na malit lang siya na jario na 15,000 copies na yung circulation. Naging 90,000 kasi nagprint siya ng arrival statement niya. He was never able to read sa welcome rally na wala ng hin. Na di naman na ganap. So nagiging malaki yung circulation. And then of course, it saw the boycott of the crony press. Ito yung mga slogans nila. And pinagpanawagan to support the anti-marcus press. And of course, yung alternative press, nagsasa lang yung political resistance among Filipino journalists as part of the growing anti-marcus movement. So nakisalidin yung mga Filipino journalists in the anti-marcus movement, in the growing anti-marcus movement, ano ba yung politikana papel ng alternative press? Ito yung pama-mahayag na the undermine ng authority ng marco dictatorship. And then it opens a space for freedom of expression. At saka nagsumusuporta siya sa mga groupong lumalaban sa anti-marcus at ang mga tao nago-organisa around issues and there are many groups, like the urban poor, the labor groups, so gente, mga madre, at mga taong simbahan, et cetera, among others, of course. And then sinabi natin ng alternative press kanina is counter-hegemonic press. Bakit yung counter-hegemonic? Papahayag siya ng realidad na iba sa dominant discourse on yung marco na bagong lipunan, na kayo ay komunista at si Nino Yakinno ay komunista at mga opposition, ay hindi credible, et cetera. And of course, especially in the dying years of the marco dictatorship. And then we also presented stories that normally considered sa news so may mga stories nabot makliing dulad, the chikoddam, the human rights violations and of course, pakekibaka ng mga lumal sa Mindanao. And bakit pwede natin masabi na journalists are organic intellectuals in the sense of grouchy's idea of organic intellectuals. Sila yung gumagawa professionally, they have their own routines and their own values and beliefs but they reflect on the sense of meanings about their work and how they see the world. And of course, when they create meanings of a disengagement, a reflection and routines and professional practice, they also bring in their colleagues and also let the information or the content out to the vast audience that they have created. Okay. Ito yung mga useful na books or references when you look at the role of media. Ano nangyari sa media sa panahulang marco's dictatorship? Una yung, this is the annotated, revised annotated edition ng Kunjugal dictatorship ni Primitivo Mejares was published in 2017 by Ateneo de Manila Press. Sinuso Simit Primitivo Mejares. He is the media star of Marcos. He defected in 1975 at mag-testify siya before the U.S. Congressional Committee. He published the book in 1976, the Kunjugal Dictatorship. Nawala siya disappeared in a missing siya since 1977. Una nangyari sa IT Norture. Okay. Malapit na ako, last three slides and then ito yung reason bakit Kunjugal Dictatorship. You read chapter 12, the era of thought control, which is an important chapter on media. And then, of course, this is a book published by the U.P. Press. It was edited by Cereslo. It put together two books into one published. Ito yung may mga censored materials. Yung means na hindi pinapalabas sa materials, makapaglalaban ng journalists. This is a crucial book as a reference in delivering the lecture on media and martial law. The third is, it's a conference report, published, but I think out of print na ito but I think there are still copies around memory, truth-telling, and the pursuit of justice. It is, it was a conference in 1999 on the legacy of marker citators. Two three articles actually written by Luis Chodoro, Isaganiyan Boat and Eugenia Pustol, and they give you a lot of information and insights on the resistance and repression and resistance of media under martial law. Okay, and the last book is published in Ohio at the State University. There's also the attention to the chapter, the media and the second coming of the first quarter. So written by Talita Espirito, a passionate revolution, the media and the rise and fall of the Marcus regime. It was published in 2017. I bought this in a book because it was not available in the Philippines. I'll stop. Maraming salamat sa pakikinig na buhay tayong lahat.


Autolight and its 98,000 dealers bring you Mona Freeman and Robert Wagner in tonight's presentation of Suspense Tonight Autolight presents the true story of an attempt to escape to freedom in which it has been necessary to change the names of all Principal participants in order that their survivors still imprisoned may live Listen young lovers our stars Mona Freeman and Robert Wagner Say Hap what's your favorite flavor chocolate Harlow? Why well everybody has a flavor preference But on something really important they sometimes take anything like what Harlow like a new part for a car's electrical system Hap when you need a new contact set for example You should always insist on one exactly the same as that installed by your car manufacturer and on my car That means auto light a Harlow yes There have auto light built complete electrical systems for many of our finest cars trucks and tractors So if your auto light equipped car needs replacement always insist on auto light original service parts And what about cars that aren't auto light equipped Harlow? No matter what make of car you drive always play safe by making sure the parts replaced are exactly the same as Those originally installed and for your auto light equipped car the best is Auto light original service parts remember from bumper to tail light. You're always right with auto light And now auto light defense transcribed Robert Wagner and Mona Freeman in Listen young lovers hoping once again to keep you in Suspense it was in Czechoslovakia a year ago a high vaulted room in a prison turret the city of Prague There's a boy named in Rick and he was 21 and until this morning He'd been a student at the communist control University And now he faced his inquisitors Go to the window you need it go on in Rick go to the window Now down there. Do you see the automobiles the automobiles you see them? In Rick in Rick. Yes Yes, I sit and the people Yes, and the building of the Ministry of War Yes, therefore they exist because you see them Understand you please yes. What is it comrade? Of course? We are all comrades in Rick this comrade for example Yeah You see his medals certainly because they exist and his sword. Yeah, his head. Yeah his mind Comrade his mind or this comrade's mind or Shall we have you shot you in Rick or his expulsion enough What do you think comrades showed him? What was the book you were caught with in Rick varieties of religious experiences by Henry James Western philosophy have him shot shoot him have him shot blood and blood and blood In Rick. Yes To kill you would be to fail you are clever you think Therefore if you are clever for us Thought for us we could win therefore a victory for us for communism So go home go home and purge your mind in about a day I think come to me and say to me. I am ready. Teach me to think teach me what you want me to know Go home and for this they expelled you For daring to read for daring to think for this my lord This that they have done to you Yes, after it will come arrest and Torture and imprisonment and the labor camp Malata and death As it came to Mikolash who also was a student Who also read of alien philosophy Malata death death stop it. We speak of it no more Malata What time is it? It's almost the hour of turn on the radio then Lower turn it lower And sit with me You watch the fall of night and hold me Gentle Malata radio free Europe bringing you the news of the free world I'm not forgotten and the hope of your future liberation.  We will see you again This is password have priced us Calling my friends from the Krumloff area The border crossing was hard and exhausting, but it was a success now. I am well, and I see true freedom Right as we promised we are going to tell you about the free Europe College in Strasbourg Like radio free Europe the college is maintained by the voluntary contributions of the American people It is for students who have escaped from the Soviet orbit from Soviet tyranny From Soviet terror for students who have fled across the border and come to Germany Well, they have found the climate of freedom and of learning. Why have you turned it off? I Thought I heard a step on the stairs in the hall Yes, I did here turn on the lights and a lot of quickly Perhaps it's only the man who lived up Stepan comrade stepan was walking the streets in loneliness and in regret and who thought to call on a friend on a comrade May I come in you know Milada, of course You brought her once to the university and her sweet young face made such an impression amongst us We talked of it of you of your lovely fiance Milada Why are you here? I told you it was a night of loneliness and of regret How harsh we were with him Milada with your love how almost brutal What savage blows we struck against his sensitive brain and I became concerned for him. I became But your young man a man of intellect of perception and see him see his face How he knows I lie how he knows I have no concern for him nor pity nor rage But you you have such emotions for him Milada and love also Then tell him convince him take his hand and lead him back to us with your young love For this that one day and soon your gentle arms or a path to cradle his corpse Tomorrow in Rick and we will welcome you back with such warmth such joy Good night, you know In Rick Rick beloved. Yes What was said on the radio? The free Europe College in Strasbourg for those who escape I cannot you must you will hear me not without you Then with me It's not alone with me. It is 300 miles 300 miles of guards and border patrols and informers and dogs Wilderness and hunger and hiding with me with me In Rick, yes But it must be now immediately now get your coat scarf for your hair if you have candy bars Quickly Milada quickly my scarf my coat candy bar And this take it in Rick. What is it the same that I have for myself a small bottle of liquid a Poison that is kept here for insects and vermin Milada if we are caught we will drink it together we will drink it In this way, they will never separate us This way won't we will never leave each other a thing They had talked about for a long time now decided but how to get to freedom no passports So they dare not trust trains nor other public conveyances nothing, but their feet to carry them Two sweethearts out for a casual stroll So they walked Proud to cloud know across the Tava River swollen by spring rains to cross Lycee and close to the border now Lonely paths through the mountain roads and across fields to the young lovers almost a pleasant adventure almost run run Quickly in when the rain came When the lightning struck that pre back there and in the thunder I I Prayed for a shelter for you and now there's a barn Now there is show No, no whatever it is Milada. No Don't move don't talk, but like see there near the wall With this pitchfork me look at you Step closer to the light two of you now. We're not these No truly would not feed and what hikers Throw down your papers then so I'll know it. There are no papers Refugees yes From what? Terror the government of Czechoslovakia. Yes, I throw down the pitchfork for whatever symbol you wish to make I am your friend Great hush hush now listen to me. Yes Sleep and a dawn I'll wake you with directions to the border, which is nearby and There is a guard. I know who is there And I will send you to him and he is a friend and he will show you how to get into Germany. I Envy your courage You are radic the guard Come forward for the two who slept in my friend's barn the pretty young girl and her young man the refugees Yes, he said you'd be our friend Radic show us how we can get into Germany and for this we are what? Grateful because he was kind as you are kind and the final act of kindness You're under arrest. Oh, yes. I say it You're under arrest the light is bringing you Mona Freeman and Robert Wagner in Listen young lovers tonight's presentation in radio's outstanding theater of thrills suspense Say a half you wouldn't buy ice cream without specifying the flavor. Would you of course not Harlow? And yet many drivers get new parts for their cars vital electrical system and never know what they're taking They're taking a big chance. They sure are half every car has an electrical system Which has been designed for that particular make of car when parts need to be replaced the wise owner will insist on Original service parts exactly like those first installed like auto light original service parts for auto light equipped cars Right half auto light original service parts for the coil distributors starting motor generator and voltage regulator are designed to work together as members of a perfect team No matter what make of car you own get parts exactly the same as those installed by the manufacturer Then you'll be sure of safe and efficient operation on auto light equipped cars insist on auto light original service parts Because from bumper to tail light. You're always right with auto light And now auto light brings back to our Hollywood soundstage Robert Wagner and Mona Freeman in Elliot Lewis's production of listen young lovers a true report Well calculated to keep you in Suspense betrayal escape to freedom, which is a thing of loneliness and of sobbing and of storm halted now and Betrayed made futile by a man who had given them a night's sleep in his barn and spoke gently of refugees and of courage Have helped to be had from his friend the guard While they slept Informed to the man of the automatic rifle who stood guard on the Czech German border Who was communist? Was called radical lambs lost little lambs to have huddled in his barn from the storm To have believed such as him to come so innocent to the slaughter Radic and you would kill you if you try something Her the pretty young face Not her the hat if a tear fell on such a soft cheek Come move move What do you take it for the hut there where there's a phone I call the proper authorities Tell them Radick has snared two more Radick Radick How soft you say my name and without fright The thing you said what thing? But you would kill him if he wants it if he must pretend to you. He is a hero He is no hero good not a hero Something else Malata something else you are powered and traitor student Who is superior to all around him and? arrogant And looks down upon those around him Upon your little one upon such prettiness as you Run Malata run the trick and run run across the border into eastern Germany and keep running and behind them The shouts of clamor and the baying of dogs and like animals hide Run again into darkness and under the shield of night exhausted sleep dawn and The highlands of eastern Germany to walk and the forests of boomer valve Dangerous to walk the roads because they spoke no German therefore easily recognized as foreigners easily arrested And not dare ask for food But walk where wilderness is Wander the bogs of Kringervald and dig for food I have found another good. We will have a feast here Malata under the tree shelter warm food and with my mom What more to ask? freedom eat I Do not want to eat you must these berries and garnished with roots and after we will hunt for My close to the ground very close Do not or a sound breathe into the earth Karinchen Kleine will the Karinchen out of the world And it's been there yet or it's a boy to find them or like to find them Head out, but it's to it. I We are refugees. We're not dangerous. We are but she's working There's a linden each expression Doesn't understand a lot of and his look as if he were mad No You have a phone volume the arson grade What I Though Hungry hungry The sign you make give them to him given the roots and the berries Take them please take them all night night. You're hungry Take them we will find out is actually By now they'd lost all track of time Some days they covered as much as 10 or 15 miles Other days they knew they were lost and had to retrace their steps And always there was the hunger And always the feeling somehow that the trip would never end Can't go on I can't I can't I can't water you go you can make it. No No, listen what? Listen, can you hear it? We must be near a highway. We'll ask someone for a ride. Yes No, but no Supposed to come in to stop for us Immediately there will be questions and then there will always be the bottles and a lot of the bottles of poison We'll die together and that will be our victory Was it ever such a prayer that a vehicle should come by? But the driver of the vehicle being not a communist will you give us a ride Nine we don't speak German We're a check Get into the wagon quickly Get down on the floor The car approaching has a spotlight. It is a patrol car quickly quickly To try to cross it now dawn. We don't have a thank you Driving on now it is I who should thank you to have given me the opportunity to help Kindle Whatever claim of protest Now listen take advantage of the trees along the road go from one to the other Send the bridge and send the American zone then freedom God bless you both and be at your side Quickly now across the road now as the woman said from tree to tree. Yes. All right. Yes Now walking their post and across the bridge is freedom across the bridge is life While the guards are walking away Melana get up quickly before the guards. I'll help you. I'm around my shoulder. They've seen us not without you The bottle I will drink of mine separation. No torch. Please we'll take care of them But they are our people all side of a bridge commissar. You see the marker our side Carry the girl Nolan. I'll take care of the guy. Yeah, but knock it off Jack our side of the bridge. It won't What's the matter sis. Too much of the booze. She said yeah yeah the guy too. Come on let's get a move on Up to you by your friends in America. The voice now are free Czechoslovakia. This is password Greenbauer calling all our friends in the area of Prague. We have recovered now from the poison and we have married. We attend now the free Europe College in Strasbourg. Students who escape the Russian orbit are welcome here. We wait for you with open arms There is freedom here and the teaching of ideas Free ideas for which millions have been and are still ready to die. I hold out my hand to all of you And this is password Traviata calling you love our region greetings and Remembrances to all our dear friends We wait for you We greet you from a free world suspense Presented by auto light tonight stars Mona Freeman and Robert Wagner a Few weeks ago the $100,000 auto light family charity drawing ended since then 47 regional drawings have been conducted under the supervision of member clubs of the American automobile Association Tomorrow in New York City the national drawing will be held a distinguished committee of civic religious and charity leaders will witness the event as your representatives the first name the first person whose name is selected will designate $50,000 in cash to any charity or charities. He or she wishes the next person will designate 20,000 and the third person selected will designate $5,000 to his or her favorite charity the next 22 persons named will designate sums of a thousand to three thousand each to charities They choose The person selected in tomorrow's drawing will be notified by mail this week And now this is Harlow Wilcox speaking for the entire auto light family thanking each and every one of you who registered Next week a classic study of suspense as we present a new dramatization of one of the most terrifying stories ever written Wilkie Collins a terribly strange bed our star. Mr. Peter Lofford that's next week on Suspense suspense is transcribed and directed by Elliot Lewis with music composed by Lucian Morrowick and conducted by Lud Bluskin Listen young lovers was adapted for suspense by Morton Fine and David Friedkin from the report of David Camelon featured tonight's cast for Sam Edwards Frank Goss Larry Thor Joseph Kearns Steve Roberts Harry Bartell Lou Merrill Jack Prussian Edith Angold and Jimmy Eagles Mona Freeman appeared through the courtesy of RKO radio pictures and Robert Wagner may currently be seen co-starring with James Mason and Janet Lee in the 20th century Fox picture Prince Valiant and Remember next week. Mr. Peter Lofford stars in Wilkie Collins story a terribly strange bet You can buy auto light original service parts auto light standard or resistor type spot plugs or auto light stay a full batteries at your neighborhood auto light dealers Switch to auto light. Good night. This is the CBS radio network