This video is brought to you in part by TrueTech Tools quality tools essential support What's going on everybody's heading down to AHR 2023 heading to the airport currently? So I've never been to AHR before and if you don't know what it is It's one of the largest conventions for heating air conditioning refrigeration in the world So we're gonna be documenting this thing as we go I know I've done once when I went to the Florida trip last year never made nothing with it Which I might eventually do some people just don't care So they don't ever watch it, but we're gonna go ahead and get started All right, so we're at the first stop here, which is my sister's house drop the truck here. We hop on the plane So I've never been to Columbus's airport before Pretty nice airport, but when you don't really know where you're going it don't help well Everybody knows how much fun it is going through security Now we're in Washington DC better known as Sin City and House of Lies living dreams man living dreams Made me put my bag on the carousel death Ran out of room on the plane I guess for our bags. This is gonna get good Finally got off at Atlanta now now we got to go find our luggage because they didn't have a room for it on the plane That was fun. That's why I never check baggage. Yeah, not used to this We're from tiny little towns where we're from been to New York, but Where the hell am I going? He said go up the escalator We're just walking and walking and walking should be there shortly. Hopefully yeah, we're getting close. I think I can smell it So we dressed up a little bit, I don't know I found it found it in the subway somebody just left it laying there I figured why not heading over to the HVAC tactical awards You looking dog Hey, how are you good? Had him on my live off time All right, so we got our badge here The lighting is a little bit dim in here, so probably not gonna be able to see a whole lot but Just got to meet the guys from Sotterwell got a picture taken with them and we got our meet and greet here Which is what we're doing right now got the bar over here in our corner It's definitely elegant looking very nice very very nice. We are now in the main area guys this thing is Wow, I mean look at this I mean seven and nine. I mean, you know, they should be normally close No Counting must have been an extra Stage Right, so we're on the bus and they're gonna shuttle us over there, which is pretty nice because Getting a uber or whatever around here is not gonna be very easy It's definitely a little busy in here, but hey, that's cool See if you can find anything interesting it doesn't open till 10 although Got the press badge here. I could get in a little sooner Not sure it's that big of a deal That's what I got in here Got in here a little sooner After all just walked right in so this is gonna make it really cool to kind of look around because it's gonna get stupid in here No real idea exactly where anything's out. I didn't look at I just kind of want to figure it out as we go The bands I got over here. This is pretty cool Grave looking We're gonna have anything quite like this Over and see if I can find the injured Reeves see if he's over here and say hi to him He might with his pretty interesting There's my vacuum pump boy that is quite a difference in size in it. You can also see how slow this is Oh, yeah, this right now. I have baseline guys have been doing it this way for years and years You've been hooked up in a very traditional manner. It's about equivalent to 90 feet of So what that would do we go into your second layer and then it would basically blow through all the little holes So what we were talking about because a lot of people talk about the hoses that are made for charging They have little perforated holes in them So he's telling me that basically we have a solid Connection on the inside of the hose whereas the outside just have safety factor for people that would use it misuse the hose Is that right while you're doing it people don't pay attention hooked up to nitrogen charge and that way We don't get somebody gets hurt. Yeah, you can see it just a little bit Little bit big so many different people here that I've never seen before at all. Oh boy Here's a crane guy. So we're here with one of the other ladder crane guys But he's actually doing something with it and actually manufacturing it this thing is really light weight I was worried that this thing because if you look at this It looks like it's thick wall now granted it's thick enough to hold the weight But with one hand you're able to hold it and the cable here. They've got it Coating there so you're not going to get one of those little prongs in your finger and get all cut up there I mean look at these well again. The one here. They are if you guys are interested in checking them out. There you go We're not trying to tube so here's yellow jacket We're here yellow jacket he's shown us the R290 hydrocarbon Weight scale and stuff what we got here. So what makes this thing special over some of the other ones that are out there All these products are individually box and it comes in a universal kit for you guys Everything you need in this box the key features to our product is the quality of the tools So you're able to put a different adapter for different different containers That's the thing I run into is different hoses. So you made it universal. Yeah, this is just regular old quarter-inch hose Yeah, but your adapter in there and then they can hold all the different box different bottles So it doesn't matter who the manufacturer is yellow jacket style with the American made all this still made in America I'll still made in America. Yeah, sweet.  So now we're here at the spoiling booth and that's what we ran into So we've got Chris and all the hot shots from the refrigeration Wessel and Kevin compass dance refrigeration podcast guys if you want to get more advanced you gotta be listening to these guys Kevin's a little shy over there Everybody it's route the originator of the YouTube channels here a HR Hey guys, what are you doing? We got Mike B. That's always in my comment section right here with me at a HR Giving him a hard time. Hey at least he talks to me. So that's right. Cool. Thanks for coming to say hi to me So here is my winner of the gift card Alexander. So yeah, just wanted to say hi to him real quick Yeah, you can be a happy person as an award for everything that you've done And it means the world to me and that's why I'm giving you this little plastic thing worth is a plastic trophy. Just You're getting old by now. All right, here we are in the veto booth look at all the veto stuff here This is crazy. Oh, they've got some new stuff here. I noticed I haven't seen this before. This is kind of different Yes, definitely sweet setup Hey guys, it's Roger here the dinner of the veto pro pack veto everything. This is mr. Vito I'm here with Rick meet and Rick for the first time it's awesome that he stopped into the booths and thanks so much We're stopping at the end.  You never heard of see what clients got This is a UK product so they replace the gas with them So it takes about We takes about two or three minutes to freeze a pipe up Mainly for when you have Coastal environments where you have so you drink a plant. Yes. Well get over. Yeah, you got geckos You got salt laden air. You got high moisture. I've seen these things. I've seen compressors fall out Then we became the most energy efficient water source heat pump system And this is kind of a grow room system that has a water source heat pump You have the pack with heat exchangers inside here play heat exchanger. So that's good for energy transfer Yep, that's the way we like to kind of keep it simple I'll have an inverted board. It's a thousand two thousand dollars. It's going to go bad You've been around the rodeo. Yeah Carrier, good figure, right? All right, check out this chiller here from Dan Foss. This thing's pretty crazy These are the kind of hotels the big shots stay at Yesterday it was quite busy a lot of things is going on by time you got done You could have used a wheelchair to get out of here because your feet were ready to fall off better figure out Where you want to go because you're probably not going to see it. Hey, Ben. Hey, look at that. Got it Got it on it's gonna be covered up by my shirt down there my sweatshirt because that's basically my jacket good weather We've been really lucky. That's what I would love to build for a training. That would be so awesome So look who I found out the godfather of HVAC here mr. reefer guy. Oh the Godfather Godfather.  Hey, huh? It's still him though. It's still me So he's saying you can do this with hard pipe rigid without annealing it Unbelievable no wrinkles at all on that. Look at that perfect perfect Take off the plastic and just tighten it. That's it. Yeah, that's it. Really now. Can you unhook it put it back together? Oh That's not a comment one time you know what I mean. So now we're at the Remy Halo booth This is one that I actually have in my house They've got the LED one over here and a few of the other scrubber packages It's me trapped there Oh, that was fabulous was it what I expected to be doing oh Boy Not too bad. I was kind of always wondering how powerful this thing was that one is 125 years side With the actual, you know volume going through the coil. That's why I was wondering it's better than nothing But obviously as good as a garden. Yeah, we also have this one She's a little bit like you can bend it. Okay, and you can go And just clean the inside out. You don't have to take everything off because the wheels was always nasty And that thing is for that we have like a UV light over there. This one's pretty good because this one is reusable. Okay You can probably use it like It's really you actually maintain it pretty well, but you clean them up and then you just put it back in the pocket Feels like thick stuff I don't think I've seen many that go all the way over the top like that either this is crime you okay All right, when you hit that button the timer is going to start what you're gonna do You're gonna hit that button to start your timer you're gonna drill in the first three screws Flip the bit over to the other side drill in the other three screws, and then hit the button again. Stop the time Detect the all the way down to like my lekkered lungs Very high-end what this will do. We'll actually take a 3D scan of The points where it needs to leak check because all the coppers can bet a little bit difference So that's pulled into the arm of it So he's looking and he actually knows where to go then based on preseason. There's a scan right over here So there's a scan And then basically it determines me software where the various points are critical points of where it needs to leak check Wow, and it's they don't have to have it perfectly aligned up for me It just it lays in front of it. It looks at it and takes exactly takes a scan and then it determines where exactly The critical points there needs to be checked So a lot of people that use healing it's just actually searching for you know No, so it's it's it can search for helium It's search for hydrogen lightweight gas lightweight gas is gonna be better because it's gonna it's gonna be more sensitive Helium smaller molecule right now. Okay. Exactly. Yeah, and then they can find the leaks faster And then are they just pull the healing back out and reuse it because I know it's a very limited gas Yeah, all right guys So we're at the JB booth now you guys know I've kind of taken a liking to a lot of the JB stuff So I noticed we have a propane scale here That I'm gonna see if I can't get my hands on to and try out to see how that thing works It doesn't post on some of the different hoses that they have Which they've got some here that have a long extensions They got the ones that screw on the end which I don't really like and then they got those there I don't see the ones that I just recently got which are on the very end and their ball bow style Haven't seen too many people using that thing either so we get the three eighths or three eighths by half So it's kind of interesting here is one of the tools that I use for brazing Upkeep the carbon and stuff out of the what I'm saying are doing a pipe. That's not in the system It just fits right into the Other end of the pipe you just took your nitrogen right up to it perched through it. We took it kind of nice So the flux is on the inside core there on the inside core. Yes So we only one rod does both copper and the aluminum both. Yes, and How does it do if like say we need to do repair right here on this because that's where I have a problem with That's the hard stuff this stuff out here is really easy to do It's like so say we had to do a repair on this What do you what do you do if you have on it on the cross section there? Do you just kill it here? Do you cut it? Where do you do it at? No? That's a big fallacy. So if the repairs on the outside edge or anywhere you can get at Basically get the clear the area out clean it apply the alloy people will say well What if we plug that one opening well if you do you still have Yeah, I've been told you just sacrifice the whole rule. There's no need to know we're in the worst means Ever you have you've ever seen that. Yeah. Yeah, I've got to cut apart I've got chunks of coils that we've done work you on and I've taken a home and tried doing like something on this Sandless steel wire brushes your best option. Okay now no matter where of the location is There's a fin out of the way that used to expose the area that you want to eat What kind of fuel are you with oxy acetylene? Okay? The key with this is just to Use the end of the sling really okay, and it's reducing volume. Yeah What you're gonna do is just use the tip of the sling You also have to approach it where the alloy will only hit the surface with tip Okay, we need to activate the flux all right never lay it like that So basically what we're gonna do is we're gonna heat And then we'll want to do is tap it so we can get our field don't set it in the flame because the flame will very easily melt Sure, you want to the base product of melting when you're getting close right there? Yep. Yep. Can you get it to lay down nice and pretty or you don't really go too crazy? Did you find that pretty? Any bad, I mean look at it. I know I'm a OCD kind of guy. Well, so am I yeah overly, but it's only so much You can do when it comes to a little exactly. Yeah, it's designed to move air conditioning units across rooftops There's actually nothing that extends underneath so you roll it right over your curve and set it down Got some mini compressors here today in America we are at Kentucky For a Little capillary tube Variable speed on it. Yeah, it's running almost just at this lowest speed trying to move in the air through the cold All right So as you can see here, it's all based on frequency range. Yeah, there are sensors that are built into it And actually down here below you can kind of see where some of the big noise is happening So if we come down here, we're getting a lot of blur You can see it bouncing around and everything like that But once we start cleaning that up and getting it out You kind of see so he's actually look he's blowing into that and you can see he's got something going on there So it's picking up that frequency picking up the noise Now can you hear it too? No, you're only seeing it. There's a lot of things you got to decipher it with your ears Yeah, well, and what's great with this is you can actually look from a distance and see something all the way up there and pin it out We are trying to get some of this stuff packed in here so we can send it back because there's no room I am so overpacked full of stuff.    Yeah metro area You don't have a necessity You can choose to more than 80 types refrigerant types Pressure hold evacuation. You can record all the information. So we got here is a how old is this device? How long has it been out? 18 years and going well so what we're doing here is we're basically upgrading a motor that doesn't you know Isn't compliant for a bfd. So what they're showing here is on the oscilloscope is the interference But when we do the grounding through their device that they've made here, what do we do to our oscilloscope? We've gotten rid of all the spikes and noise. It's in the lines So this is the company might want to consider checking them out if you got motors people can't afford to upgrade This might be an alternative for them. Thank you, sir This might just be the biggest thing and I've seen look at this thing literally It's taller than me. Hey It's fantastic Kind of cool. We're here on the final day Kind of winding down. It's been overwhelming Crazy crazy crazy. Okay, so we're checking out Cresset here. Well, there's a huge difference between these and pressure here We're gonna do it for yeah, and cut and cut it inside.  We're sharper Yeah, what we do is we bring that polkrum up as high as possible Close to that cutting edge to make it truly high leverage You see that there's barely a gap there I've heard of me getting a closer. Holy cow. Keep it close So then also try to keep it as small as possible really the diameter makes a difference You can almost tell just by looking at a pair of pliers here in Milwaukee. They're down low Bigger full from I like Milwaukee, but not all their tools are good. The strippers. I didn't like 30% more leverage by having that Oh my it is just like stupid now these bigger ones like that too So the entire z2 line and in addition to that a lot of competitors are doing induction hard It's laser What kind of nail is this it ain't like super straight. No, they're finished But you could tell the difference that was to cut. Yeah, I had it like you're I've waiting for you laugh at me I mean I and you can tell the cut difference how hard it's flinging it The hardest one is the nippings the laser cut edges are tempered hardened and So it lasts longer that edge lasts longer because your house of warranty and stuff I mean they all claim lifetime, but usually it's a bear to get it Well, you you can walk into any distributor and with a broken one, and they'll just hand you We'll give you no crap We've received at how long you had it you abuse the tool like Klein does and everything else home people especially on this line This is our pride and she would apply our line really lines minutes like see that's that's got your crimper fish tape puller And check the fulcrum on this one how small this is you can only get that high with that laser Well, we'll be able to zoom in on me and 4k right here.  This is through an accumulator obviously And it comes into here. It's gonna boil off the liquid down here.  We got the accumulator or yeah the accumulator This one comes Probably pulling that out. Oh look at they basically put a tube and tube design And so they're bringing it right off the very very top so they can make it more compact and the inlet just shoots straight in there Just a little oil separator. Is that what this is a oil separator? Yes, sir Don't they usually spin it and stuff? Yeah, these are non helical and non coal assay That is an adjustable muffler You can tune it while the system's running You just crank it down you take this off and there's a little stem in there And you can just change that a little bit and I'll change the harmonics that are going on inside there Yeah, all right guys, so we are back Thursday. This is the day after ahr. I uh ended up Getting back last night, you know, there's so many things to look at that Content is not really there in one particular manner So you've kind of just roll around and look at different things I really didn't have anything to really end it with it was an interesting trip. Hopefully you guys gained a Idea of what it's about guys. I had no idea. Although it was a lot of fun And you got to meet a lot of neat people and networking and things like that which Generally is the biggest thing that you're trying to do You got to see a lot of new products and things like that, but I think two days is plenty for me I think it's really meant more for the suppliers and the Owners and stuff like that to see what they want to sell And you know, I mean because it's just purely a bunch of vendors And then it gives you a chance to meet some of the people behind it for me I really enjoyed talking to mario from emphicon, uh, you know, I've gotten no hem over the years awesome guy If you have any problems with your stuff, obviously go through your counter guy first They're supposed to swap it out if you have any problems with your emphicon stuff You got to see the guys from tree tech tools which are sponsoring the video As always those guys take care of things for you So if you have problems, you don't have to go through hell and back to get some of the information you need The essential support you don't have to call the fact or you find out why this tool or something's not working Right, they'll take care of that and then it'll get you an answer if they don't already have the answer Fires hotels and stuff like that You know, most of them are all fairly close to the area Uh, where you're gonna be at for the most part. I walked about everywhere You're gonna get ganked pretty good on some of the uber stuff They jack the rates up when they get busy food and stuff like that prices for things pretty much about normal What you'd expect for the type of event that it is, you know, that was pretty much about it So I hope you guys enjoyed that video Until next time guys, leave your comments down below and we'll see you on the next one later


Welcome to this session on rapid prototyping under the course advanced manufacturing processes. In the last session, we have discussed about few rapid prototyping processes, basics of rapid prototyping, its features, major processes in rapid prototyping technology and their applications. In this session, we will be discussing and studying few other processes in rapid prototyping technology. They are basically thermoset processes, ballistic parts manufacturing and rapid manufacturing in short RM process. We have already discussed that rapid prototyping technology is the fallout of customers demand for speedy delivery of the products. This is not only from the customer side, but also the speedy delivery of different inputs to the subsequent stages in manufacturing softs also triggered the development of these processes. So, these are some of the technologies that could compress the time in manufacturing. In other words, we can say that the manufacturing lead time could be compressed and accordingly the product could be delivered either to the customer in the field or to the subsequent stages in the manufacturing at rapid pace. But there are different issues and different techniques involved, how to go about it? In the last session, we have already discussed there are number of techniques that can be employed for producing parts under this category of manufacturing that is rapid prototyping technologies. We have already studied laser sintering process. We have already studied laminated object manufacturing processes and so on. And each process is slightly different from the other as far as the working is concerned, but basically all the processes are following the same principle to the extent that these products or the parts are produced layer by layer putting one layer on top of the another through different techniques. And these are directly being produced from the CAD model, then transforming this model into some other formats and thereby directly getting the 3D part in the machine that is connected to the CAD terminal. So, in the other processes like laminated object manufacturing processes that also we have seen as we have already discussed in one of the previous sessions that laser plays an important role in these processes say for example, in one of the processes we have discussed if there is a sheet like this then laser can be applied to specifically carve out one object from this which is dictated by the CAD drawing in the CAD terminal. So, this can be worked out in the CAD terminal here and this can be directly connected to the machine RP machine. So, this is the output of the CAD terminal this is the CAD terminal and this can be given to the RP machine as the output of this CAD terminal and for this RP machine this will be input information and this will work on this input information and the final part will be built up in this machine depending on different principle as per the working of the mechanisms. Now, let us look into another process in this series this is called thermo jet process. Let us discuss this thermo jet process first this process is particularly useful for investment casting process as I have already indicated this rapid prototyping products are at many a times intermediate input to some other processes in the manufacturing shop say for example, in casting we need a pattern this pattern can be produced very effectively and very economically by different rapid prototyping techniques. This is one of the processes like thermo jet process which could be very very useful in investment casting process we experts are produced using this system can be used as sacrificial patterns for investment casting. As all of us know the basics of investment casting where the pattern is to be invested or sacrificed. Therefore, this wax or materials of the type whose melting point is much lower with less heat it can get melted can be used as a pattern material in these type of processes and on the other hand these type of materials low melting point materials like wax etcetera are very good to be used in the RP processes. The main advantage is in the production of relatively complex castings without the need for tooling cost effective complex metal parts may be produced from CAD models in a relatively short period of time. This is I have indicated at the beginning of this session even CAD terminals can be used to produce the model very effectively within a very short time. Moreover, parts modification can be very rapid with the use of CAD terminals in a way that already there may be CAD designs or CAD models available for a part which may be to some extent similar to the present part is needed. Therefore, instead of starting from the scratch of the new part we can take the help of the basic model available in the CAD database and then we can go on modifying the existing model to get the new model and this model subsequently can be converted or transmitted into other formats for subsequent processes of or steps of manufacturing. Generally, wax patterns need to be finished to a very high standard one problem with the system is the support system used which leaves undulations on all downward facing surfaces of the pattern. The supports have to be removed and surfaces cleaned by hand. This process is best suited to small numbers of complex parts that would otherwise require a significant amount of coating to accommodate undercut features the schematic of this process is shown in the figure. The process is shown in the screen basic scheme of the thermo jet process here this is the platform and this is the object being manufactured and as I have indicated at the very beginning this is a layer by layer manufacturing process in most of the cases. Therefore, the material is getting deposited on this product and this platform will be lowered in a state so that next layer can be deposited on top of this. So, if once this layer is being produced then this is lowered by a thickness equivalent to the next layer to be produced and therefore, the subsequent layer or the next layer will be deposited like this on top of this. And this x y movement of this or the movement of this head we can think of this is like a printing head as in the case of ink z printers where inks are being deposited on top of the paper which of course, we see in the form of 2 D. But in this case since every time one layer is being produced which is 2 D in nature obviously, then the platform will be lowered by that distance and one more layer will be produced with subsequent deposition like this this will form a 3 D object as shown in this figure. So, we can we can here control the movement of the platform as well as the head either way now it is there are excellent facilities like computer numerical facilities are there which can be integrated to any of the r p machines for controlling the x y and z movement of the either the platform or for the printing or the deposition head. Now, let us move on to another process that is ballistic particle manufacturing process in short known as the BPM process. The ballistic particle manufacturing system uses piezo driven ink z mechanism to shoot droplets of molten materials which get cold welded together on a previously deposited layer. A layer is created by moving the droplet nozzles in x and y directions. So, this is in a sense a 3 D printing concept after a layer is formed the base plate is lowered by a specified distance and a new layer is created on the top of the previous one finally the model is created then the rapid manufacturing process R M process. So, this can be considered as an extension of rapid prototyping technology. It involves automated production of the machine operation of parts by instructions directly fed by the CAD data which is modeled earlier. It is believed that the process of rapid manufacturing or the R M process will develop into a compelling market in future and will cater to customized requirements worldwide. Currently, the only a few final products are prepared by these machines as the technology and demand increases the product range will also increase it is expected. This technology is currently not suitable for mass production it needs further development or further adaptation to make it more suitable for mass production environment and unless this the process is economical it will be hard to push for the industries to adopt this process. It is mainly suitable for small batches and one of production articles it is relatively cheaper since no tooling are involved. Some of the final components produced are as follows customized dinnerware, customized helmets, jewellery patterns, electrodes for spark erosion, reverse engineering parts etcetera. Now, let us see some of the components some common applications of rapid prototyping technologies as I have already indicated they are very useful in product design and development in reverse engineering, prototyping and concept modeling for market research then short production runs rapid tooling models for stress analysis, industrial design and architectural modeling, jewellery design in medical applications, crafts and finders. Some product examples of rapid manufacturing can be listed like this parts of small table fans, containers for micro oven and projectors, body of scooters, refrigerators, washing machines, mobiles etcetera. These are some of the products that can be produced some parts of this can be produced very effectively and economically by applying this rapid prototyping technologies. Some other applications of rapid prototyping include it has been used to build the world's smallest robot using the stereolithography technique. In the previous session we have discussed about stereolithography technique. In medical applications rapid prototyping technology is used to make exact models resembling the actual parts of a person through computer scan data. This is one of the significant applications of rapid prototyping technologies. Nowadays the medical sciences the advancement in medical sciences have given us the opportunity to scan through almost all the body parts. Of course this we can say is a wedding of medical sciences and engineering which is given rise to some of the techniques and the equipment that can be used to scan each and every parts of the body with minutest details. Say for example, if I need to scan this limb of my hand this can be done by using some imaging equipment and the subsequent development in the processing of images has given rise to the technique that the images can be again reproduced or put together to form a virtual model of the bone of this that is exactly similar to that of inside my hand. Therefore, by using this imaging and then processing this image we can reproduce on our CAD screen a virtual image of the bone that is inside my body. Now, for doing some tests which the doctors cannot in a live situation on my hand owing to different problems can be carried out on a model of the exact model of the bone that is existing in my hand which is the virtual model of which is already being produced in the CAD model thanks to the technology of imaging. Now, we can rather have an exact replica of the bones or the virtual image that is stored in my computer or the CAD terminal by using rapid prototyping technology in the form of a 3D model which can be got printed or produced as part of it as a rapid prototyping part which is nothing but the exact replica of the bone which I am having. Now, the doctors has the flexibility they have the flexibility to work upon to examine different aspects related to this which will reduce my pains or my discomfort if it would have been done or carried out in my body. So, this is one of the very significant advantages or applications of rapid prototyping technology. These models can be further used to perform some dummy trials or even the trial surgeries before the patients actual surgery this is what I have already indicated different test can be carried out different surgery dummy surgery can be carried out whether it is feasible or not whether it can be successful or not which is not possible that experimentation whether it will be successful or not cannot be carried out in a living human being or this is not ethical as well, but which is now this is possible with the help of these technologies. Rapid prototyping techniques are used to make custom fit masks that reduce scaring on burn victims. The process is made by digitizing the patient using non contact technology optical scanning. This is another very significant applications as far as the human life is concerned human comfort is concerned or advances in human treatment is concerned. You can reduce the sufferings of a patient by using these technologies which is very significant. The scan data is used to produce the R P model of a mask that fits perfectly to the patient's face. Then the selective laser sintering S L S can be used to produce superior shockers, shockers, knees, etcetera. This we have already discussed the S L S technique in the previous session. The clinical results indicate greater comfort, fitment and ease in such patients. Such design features are feasible through rapid prototyping technologies. Very tiny miniature parts are made by electrochemical fabrication which also comes under rapid prototyping technology. In the electrochemical fabrication the electro deposition of nickel layer by layer is done using a rapid prototyping masking technique. In this electrochemical masking technique it is easily possible to produce very small working mechanisms. Let us discuss another application of this process. This is vacuum casting. Vacuum casting system is used for casting polyurethane parts using silicon rubber molds. Vacuum casting which is also known as silicon molding is a very common process in the rapid prototyping industry. It is normally used in the production of small series of functional plastic prototypes. A broad range of liquid thermoset plastics that is nothing but polyurethane resins are available for casting these parts. Polyurethanes with different physical properties enable the production of prototypes which are used for functional testing under different conditions. In order to make these components more aesthetically attractive and providing variety pigments are added to polyurethane resin for producing parts in different colors also. Now, let us note few developments in the rapid prototyping technologies, the directions, new directions etcetera. In stereolithography 3D systems have launched its largest SLA machine. 3D systems is a company which is very premier in rapid prototyping technologies. So, they have introduced one of the largest SLA machines. Somos is a thermoplastic elastomer that allows SLS to now make flexible rubber like parts. These are some of the advancements in this field. Cust form PS can be used for making patterns for investment castings. Stratas is unveiled new FDM maximum machine that is fuse deposition modeling machine which operates 50 percent faster than previous FDM systems which is quite impressive. It also offers one of the largest build envelopes in the RP industry. The new FDM maximum machine is accommodates either very large parts or numerous smaller parts. It uses two extrusion heads, one for building the model and the second for depositing the support material. With the introduction of Z 42C 3D color printer, Z corporation became the first and second RP equipment supplier to offer a device that makes parts in multiple colors without any secondary operations. This is a significant state as we have already discussed in the previous session that sometimes secondary operations mostly the finishing operations may be required following the rapid prototyping production of any part depending on the requirements at the application end. This is because it leaves some of the steps like structures at the outer edges or the outer periphery of the outer surface of the part as it goes on building up the layers. However if this can be eliminated then the cost of the operation of the secondary processing as well as the time involved in the secondary processing can be eliminated thus making the entire process more productive. Color is applied to the surface of the parts to a uniform depth of about 0.08 inch in this type of systems. A typical small part can be printed in 1 to 2 hours in monochrome or 3 to 6 hours in full color. Now let us see few future developments in these technologies. As the rapid prototyping technology gets further advanced with better and new techniques becoming feasible and practical it can lead to substantial reduction in built up time for manufacturing. This will make rapid manufacturing economical for wider variety of products. Further improvement in laser optics and motor control can improve the accuracy as currently the accuracy is largely limited in the z direction or the vertical direction. Z direction is generally considered as the vertical direction x and y and this is considered as the z direction. The accuracy of other two planes x and y can also be increased further with the improvements in CNC technology or with the improvement in the motor control system. Because as we know the motors are responsible for giving the motion to the table or the printing head or the laser head because the movement of the either the laser head or the movement of the table this table x y movement or the z movement as we have been talking about. It is time one layer is completed it is lowered by a distance. Now if this x y and z these movements can be fine tuned. Say for example, now the minimum distance moved can be achieved is say 0.1 micron. If it can be reduced to 0.01 micron then the accuracy of producing these parts will enhance this can be explained like this. Say for example, this is the parts to be produced now this part will be produced in the rapid prototyping concept like this first one layer will be produced on top of this. So, this layer first layer is being is being produced this is say first on top of this the next layer can be produced.  So, ultimately so this will be the profile of producing the part. So, this is what the layer by layer producing. Now here as we can see these edges or these surface is nothing but it is something like step like structure. If we see this part on a magnified scale it is something like this and this is because we have produced one one layer in this step or we can say this is the this is nothing but one or one step and correspondingly this is the z movement z movement. Now my point is that if this z movement we can bring it down to this say for example, so this will be say z by 2 therefore, then this step height will also be reduced to something like this. So, this result this will result in a step height something like this and this is a much finer surface finer surface than this surface finish which is poor than this is say r a 1 and this is r a 1. Say r a 2 this is poor than r a 1. Now this z by 2 we can achieve only by the mechanism or the designing of steel finer motors or other mechanisms responsible for lowering this device. So, is the case with the other control of x and y direction directions as well in those directions also the motor control plays a vital role as far as this accuracy is concerned. So, this is a case of accuracy as far as the surface finish is concerned the development of new materials and polymers which are under the process of development by the rapid typing companies are less prone to curing and temperature induced warpages. Much anticipated development is the introduction of non polymeric materials including metals ceramics, composites and powder metallurgy. This is another significant development when first rapid prototyping technologies were developed and it were the techniques were put into use then it was found that mostly the low melting point materials are suitable for these processes. Therefore, like polymer based mostly the polymer based materials were used for making the patterns etcetera or simple parts. But in the industries as we know most of the parts are made from some engineering materials like metal based materials alloys ceramics etcetera. Therefore, as the technology got improved when it was found that the metal powders or the ceramic powders could also be used in these machines it was considered to be a big breakthrough. Or a significant development in these technologies if this is achieved then more tough and strong materials can be used to produce components to give better mechanical and general properties and provide good service. Development in ceramic composites can further increase the range of rapid prototyping currently the size is also a restriction. Further developments in this direction is also expected in the near future mostly this process is suitable for small parts like we have discussed the parts that are being produced in some of the forming processes which are huge in dimension these are generally not possible as because of the limitation of the machine operation of the machine. So, if some more advancements with some resources in this direction we can produce or we can come up with some such huge giant machines then probably these huge parts can also be reduced. Currently the demand of these products manufactured by R P technologies is low, but with further advancement in technology further awareness level and training the demand will certainly be increased it is expected. Due to lower demands the utilization level of such equipment is also low and is in the range of around 50 to 60 percent which is industrially not very encouraging. Advancement in computing systems and viability to support net designs from a distant country to be fed directly on the R P machines for manufacturing can be a new possibility the engineer or the product designer can sit in one country and can operate or produce the part where exactly it is needed which may be in another country. Let us talk about the R P scenario in India as I have already indicated overall awareness level regarding this technology is not very high and so is the case in India. Therefore, the potential users are unable to determine how the advance technology can help in view of high equipment cost very few organizations can invest in the new machines that is how the use of application of rapid prototyping technology as far as India is concerned is still very limited. Now, very quickly let us note a few limitations and challenges as far as the rapid prototyping technology is concerned. Currently rapid prototyping technology is more limited to modeling and making of specimens and designs rapid prototyping machines are very costly. Number three the technology is currently limited to making of paper and plastic type of products it is yet to go towards the metals alloys and ceramics in a big way. Replacing still by composites is still not easy and people fear its implications. If this becomes a reality for non strength requiring applications and non structural applications then R P T will grow in this area as well. It requires sound knowledge and expertise of CAM and modeling software this technology is we can say is based on the modeling knowledge and of course the CAM knowledge also. New materials are being experimented and used and with its outcome further growth is expected in a future. Manufacturing of tools products by composite materials through R P T is a challenging field in the manufacturing area this can become a reality in near future. Rapid prototyping is not immune to the wide ranging obstacles that limit the growth of new products and technology. The vast majority of people and companies prefer technology and applications that are fully developed and which are mature in nature. However rapid prototyping technology as it is considered now is yet to mature in other words people do not want to take any risk this is another challenge unless we go ahead with adopting the technology bravely experiment it out with the new developments even the developments do not get triggered. Computer based modeling and prototyping is another challenging task here it needs high speed computing facilities and high skills in modeling. Then the cost related challenges the common misconception is that R P is a is an expensive technology. In some typical situations this could be true but if the articles are one of and the facilities are far off exceptionally there are ample applications where R P is a less expensive solution when the time and output quantity is considered. Another important factor is the resistance to change this is a common perception as people live in the past and avoid change. Difficult to give away old habits routine practices and lack of adoption that is how R P is also facing a resistance from the traditional goers or traditional lovers. People feel it safe to develop products in the traditional manner which they have been doing for years. People feel it risky to use new and unproven technologies. R P companies being fewer in number limit the marketing efforts and industry awareness. Most of the engineering and manufacturing professionals are not fully aware of R P power and its implications. This is also another factor that needs to be sorted out for full-fledged applications or adoption of R P technologies. Now, let us summarize what we have discussed in this session. In this session particularly we have focused on rapid prototyping applications, few variants of rapid prototyping technologies like rapid manufacturing technology. Then the limitations and challenges of this rapid prototyping technologies and the new developments in this technologies. We hope this session was informative and interesting. Thank you.


The most supernova explosions involve just one star, but Type 1A supernova involve a binary star system with a normal star and a white dwarf. But no one has ever found an exploding star's companion. In 2017, a group of astronomers used Hubble to study the remnant of the Type 1A supernova explosion, N103B, located in the LMC, where they may have finally found one. Using the exploding star's remnant curved shock fronts, they located the center of the explosion and found a candidate star nearby. The star has the right temperature, luminosity, and distance from the center of the original supernova explosion, although this star is a reasonable contender for N103B's surviving companion, its status cannot be confirmed yet without a spectroscopic confirmation. The research is still ongoing.


I think we'll start this out with an example of what the Helmholtz chain is going to have to eat. I wonder if I'm alive. Grabbed by the function. Yeah. They're already going to understand this. I have just this day. I'm going to have to f***ing drink today. Why not? I'm just going to drink right now. Doesn't matter. I guess it doesn't matter at all. I got what I wanted. Unbelievable.  Let me give you the rundown of what the hell's going on today because it's been a day. I've been working for Steven's self-storage stuff.  So we've got this new gig. They hired me to do some OBM type stuff with them. We'll get there, all right? But let me just tell you what the day is like. All right. So they hired me to do this curriculum. This Carl's Corporation Correction Curriculum thing. So, Carl's Corporate Correction.  It doesn't even matter what the name of it is. My big point is that I haven't even seen it. I don't know anything about it. They wanted to deliver the thing. So, and Steven came to me and said, hey, can you pull this off? I'm like, of course I could pull it off.  I know exactly everything. So I went online and I checked out this intervention, this Carl's Corporation Correction Curriculum, or whatever you want to call it. So I checked out this curriculum. I didn't find anything. I mean, they've got a website and they sell it, but no research, no nothing.  No one has put it to an empirical test. Nobody has done squat from Shinola to evaluate this thing. It's absolutely unbelievable. So, but you know what? I need to make money.  Who cares? We're going to implement this thing. And I've been doing this stuff for a while, so I think I can absolutely pull it off. And in fact, on the first day on the job, it was crazy. I bill out $500 a day. So I'm sitting here at lunch.  This is classic. I love it. I didn't even look at the curriculum. I just kind of pulled it out of my bum and I was like, I know what I could pull up. I know I can do this. We can just do the baseline assessment from here on out. So that's all I got to do is do that initial assessment and then guess what? I could get paid $500 a day. Isn't that crazy? I suppose I should tell you a little bit more about this story. My brother actually is Stephen and he's the one that owns the place that I'm working for. He gave me a hell of a time as a kid. The b****** used to grab my ears.  He did all sorts of stuff that I was... Did I call him a b******? I guess that implies something else about myself. Anyway, so Stephen was... He was over the top. He was completely had enough of me. But you know what? Now he needs my help. So guess what that means? That means I get to have a little bit of fun. And not only that, not only do I get to have a little bit of fun with his money. Like I told you earlier, I don't know any of this curriculum he's asking me to teach. I just don't care. One more fun little thing about Stephen. I teach a class at the local university, right? So I am teaching about business management. I'm teaching about how to handle these sorts of scenarios with admin issues and with personnel issues and all those sorts of things. And who's in my class? His wife! My sister-in-law is in his class. Well, that's all right. I mean, I kind of had the hots for her for a while. But ultimately speaking, I think we're okay right now. I think we're doing pretty good. I don't think it's going to be a problem that I work for Stephen's company. Like I'm telling him what to do and I'm supervising his wife. All I know is that she keeps asking me what she can do to make sure that she gets a good grade in her class. Hell if I know, so I just know it's time to drink. All right. Anyway, enough about my brother's wife. I mean, she's hot. Sorry, I need more alcohol. All right. Anyway, I think we got this one. I think we can milk these buggers for more cash. They don't really know what this intervention is like, right? I barely know what this intervention is like. So, functionally speaking, this is supposedly a 10-week program, which I read about this morning. I told my brother, Stephen, that this thing's going to be like, I don't know, 20 sessions, 20 weeks worth of programming. So I'm going to train all his managers. I'm going to train all his middle managers. And I'm going to end up training all his staff. I got a BCBA working with me. They don't even know what the hell's going on. They're just waiting for me to tell them. I need to get to the end of the year, right? And I don't have any other contracts lined up. So this is kind of like the only thing that I got going. We often talk about teaching people to fish. Well, you know what? Screw that. I'm just going to teach them to go out and eat. I don't need them to go fish right now. I need them to put fish in my pocket. I need to be able to feed my family. So I am absolutely going to focus on milking this for as long as I can. I don't, you know, they've, ethically speaking, they've hired like 30 people anyway. So none of what I'm doing is going to have any bit of effect at all because they've already hired tons of people. So if they want to measure effectiveness, hooey, it's not even going to happen. I don't even care anymore. I'm just about collecting the paycheck, baby. That's all I am after tonight. And you know what?  All right. So we've literally started taking data from you. I'm good. I'm taking data, man. I'm telling you, I've been working on this stuff all week long. So you should take a look at the data. Come here for a second. Look at that. Can you imagine? Look at that graph. There's data there. We've got all sorts of data that we're looking at. That's a good one right there. Unbelievable. What the heck? What are you doing with my data? Unbelievable. Data is wonderful. Fortunately, it's time for the door.  It's not time for the door yet. I can't leave yet. I've still got more drinking to do. I've got to talk more about data. So anyway, I chatted with these ideas about all sorts of people. I have lots of ideas. I have lots of data. Your data is really strong by that drink. You might be slightly right. I've got to finish talking about what I'm talking about. Because I've got this business over here.  I have no idea. Fortunately, that is right. Oh, I've got to keep it. I've only had one. I know it's only like 3 o'clock to 2 o'clock. It's only like 3 o'clock to 2 o'clock. 3 o'clock to 3 o'clock. Yeah, we're getting in there. I'm not going to admit anything. Hold on, hold on.  I mean, I'm going to share with you my notes about this company. Sure. I mean, look at these ****. They are making a complete **** of themselves.  Well, he's my brother. I don't hate him. I just want to knock him out.  Because when I was a kid, he just gave it to me. He had enough.  I used to kind of summarize it. I'm working with this company. I'm doing ABA, but I am not going to tell these **** about anything. If I tell them about ABA, they'll figure out what's going on. I'm going to keep my ABA in the dark. I want everybody to be mushrooms because the moment that these people figure out that I'm milking them, I'm out. I'm done. Oh, one more thing that's really important. I never signed an agreement about how we're going to terminate the contract. We're nothing. As far as Stephen knows, he's going all out for months. That bugger is going to get soaked. And I know he's made millions with all of his people. I don't care too ****. I've had enough of it. I'm getting my own.  That's what I like. I got to tell you about this recent plan. In fact, I'm not even going to really tell you about the plan because I haven't even told Stephen the owner about this darn plan. We're going to use this thing called Mega Managers. Basically, they just need to go around telling people when people are half and up, when they're doing wrong. In fact, when they even think about doing wrong, I want the managers to get completely up their ****. Why? Because that'll just teach everybody.   Who needs reinforcement anyway? Reinforcement? There's enough reinforcement. The only thing that we got to worry about for reinforcement is you getting your darn paycheck. You don't want your job? Fine. Somebody else will take it from you. That's all I have to say about that particular issue. So, F off, Stephen. I'm not going to tell you what I'm doing. You'll see.   I got all these buggers working on my schedule. I don't even care about that. I just told them that this is the time that I'm available and they're going to deal with it. And you know what? I like to stay up late at night. I like to drink all afternoon and evening. So, here we go. A little more crown for the night.  I don't really care. It's all about me. It's all about my time. I don't care what they do. I don't care how they do it. I don't give two shits at all about what's going on around me at the moment. I just want to make sure that I get my paycheck and that's all I have to worry about at the end of the day. So, I think that now is probably the time that I should start feeling like I should exit. The bar! No! No! No! No! Come on! Come on! Come on! Come on!


We know that this is an issue that everyone here is experienced about, and we are sure you have plenty of questions, yes? If smartphones have been shown to be basically home for two humans, why hasn't the government introduced some control on them? That's a good question. There are a number of reasons why this could be the case. Perhaps the government does not feel that the potential damage is sufficient. Perhaps the government feels there is not enough evidence or good quality evidence about it to introduce any controls. Do you have anything to add Sandy? Thank you. Yes, I do. It may also be that since smartphones are such a new technology, the government is giving the manufacturers time to improve, to develop a safer version of this technology. We are sure that if a company releases a safer product, people will be more likely to buy it, and soon all the phones will be safer. Let's answer your questions. Yes, thank you. Excellent. Are there any other questions? Now, because we have had limited time, there are some elements we didn't get to cover. However, we would like to make sure that we have been clear about the information we have present. So, if you have got any questions, please feel free to ask. What sort of technologies are there which would allow smartphones to send information to doctors? Yes, I will answer that if you don't mind. Okay, go ahead. Thanks. Well, one good example is a device that can plug into your smartphone, which can take blood sugar ratings for diabetics. The device can keep a record of how much your blood sugar levels fluctuate, and can send warnings to your doctor if certain patterns emerge. Does that answer your question? Yes, I see. Thank you. Exciting, isn't it? Just imagine what we will be able to do soon.


QuickBooks Online 2024. Inter payroll for second month of operations. Get ready and some coffee because QuickBooks Online is even quicker to the trigger than Quickdraw McGraw. First a word from our sponsor.  Like our trust me I'm an accountant product line. Yeah it's paramount that you let people know that you're an accountant because apparently we're among the only ones equipped with the number crunching skills to answer society's current deep complex and nuanced questions. If you would like a commercial free experience consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com. Here we are in our get great guitars 2024 QuickBooks Online sample company file we set up in a prior presentation opening up the major financial statement reports like we do every time the reports on the left in the favorites right click in the balance sheet to open a link in a new tab right click in the profit and loss to open a link in a new tab right click in the trial balance to open a link in a new tab let's tab to the right close the hamburger and then we'll change the range 010124 tab 022824 tab we're going to select the drop down to see it month by month run it and then tab to the right hamburger needs some closing changing the ranging 010124 tab 022824 tab I should be putting 29 by the way there's 29 days apparently in 2024 but 28 will still work we're going to run it here and then do one more time closing up the hamburger and change the range 010124 tab 022924 there's 29 days and then we're going to say months and run it boom that's the setup process let's go back to the balance sheet and think about what we're doing now which is payroll for the second month of operations you will recall in the first month of operations we went through the payroll setup process and now we should be basically running smoothly and we can just process the second month of payroll although payroll is a little bit tricky when trying to work in a practice problem because usually you have to run payroll real time because that's how QuickBooks is set up let's give a quick recap with the payroll process in a flow chart this is the desktop flow chart but we're just using it for the online purposes just to look at the flow of the forms we're in the payroll down below note that you could enter time but we talked about the process of entering time often being used not for payroll but to then create invoices to build a client in a job cost type system but if you have hourly employees you might also need that to process the payroll we are now on this step which means we're going to be paying the employees and we often would do that you can choose when to do that usually weekly semi-weekly by monthly or monthly we chose monthly so now we're on the second month and we're going to be processing payroll for the second month of operations this will be generating the paychecks or electronic transfers and doing the withholdings which includes federal income tax social security medicare for the employee and social security medicare and futa federal unemployment tax act for the employer taxes and then we have to to pay the liabilities that we took from the employees and our own payroll liabilities and then we also have to process informational forms to prove that we've done what we're supposed to do to the government that includes the form 941 quarterly filings 940 end of year filings w2s and w3s at the end of the year let's go back on over and go to the first tab here and you'll see that if you have payroll on then you're going to have payroll on the left hand side recalling that payroll is one of those things you want to think about how you're going to do it pretty in depth before you just dive into payroll it's not one of those things you want to tinker with it's one of the things you want to get right the first time typically because fixing it is kind of problematic it's like trying to put a door in a doorway and you cut the door too short that's not the way it's gonna have to glue the door back together or something that's not the way you want to do it so and so note that you can also do payroll outside with an external payroll provider possibly in which case you wouldn't have to be processing all the payroll internally possibly being able to then run your quick book system more on a cashed based system even while the human resources and payroll are done by a third party as long as you can also work with a accountant and bookkeeper that can do adjusting entries as needed for whatever is needed as the end of the year comes such as for taxes and possibly external reporting so just if you if you do payroll in quickbooks you're still gonna have to pay for it because you need the payroll processing you could try to do it by hand but I don't recommend it even if you only have a few employees because it's getting quite tedious and the employees frankly are the most likely people to sue you or something if something goes wrong so you don't really want to mess up the payroll you want to pay your taxes and whatnot for payroll even more so than your income taxes because if you don't the government can can argue that you not only didn't pay your taxes but you stole the money from your employees because you were forced to take the money from the employees in the form of withholdings and then didn't pay their taxes so in any case we're in the payroll on the left we've set it up already we've got the overview tab on the first tab and then we could go to the employees tab on the second tab here's our two employees let's just go ahead and run the payroll run it and we'll go through the process so last time we did it for January I'm looking for February so I'm going to go for the period of February 1st to the 29th noting that the payroll period could possibly differ from the date of the check meaning we don't always have to have the period end on the same day that the check happens although that's more likely possibly to be the case these days with electronic transfers but you might want some kind of cushion between the two so you can process the payroll end get the information necessary such as time sheets and then actually do the payroll possibly a couple days later but in case it's going to be the same time edited if we needed to do that we can add the employees within here here's our summary of information normally if everybody was on a salary basis and or if the time was pulling in automatically from the time entries for hourly employees everything should be the way it should be set up properly here and you can just roll forward with it but we're going to go into here so that we can see what is actually happening as well as do adjustments for our practice problem purposes so let's go into Adam Hamilton and check out what we have so this is this is his information let's x out of this that's not where i wanted to go i want to go into the edit paycheck drop down three dots edit paycheck paycheck okay so there we have it so now we're going to say he's a salaried employee so the salary should be good if we pull out the trustee calculator that should be calculating properly i think we said it was 55 thousand a year 55 divided by 12 that's that month much per month notice we also have the year to date numbers and then we're looking at the mandatory withholdings noting that this should be populating automatically now the social security and medicare are basically flat taxes they won't even let you change those right 4583.33 times 0.062 social security and then the 4583.33 times 0.0145 there's the medicare the federal income tax is pulling in from the information we got from the w4 possibly filled out by the employee if we were able to email that information to them this is a more complicated calculation because it's based on the the individual income tax and and that's going to be a mess which we cannot get exact and so uh so so that is what it is now i'm going to just make up this number here to tie into our worksheet so i'm going to make it be 683.97 i want this to tie into what is on our our practice problem for the bank reconciliations the in california taxes now california has an income tax but i want to make it a generic problem and not deal with state information having this basically just be the federal stuff which is in essence universal for all states in the united states noting if you're outside of the united states then of course you're going to have different payroll tax laws because taxes are the thing that messes up the bookkeeping to be universal the double entry accounting system is the same laws of course change tax law having the biggest impact on the bookkeeping taxes themselves are all you know we know the different kinds of taxes the only question is what's the kind of tax that's being applied in your area in the united states the taxes will differ from state to state so some states like california like any any there's no tax they don't like right so we can we can come up with any tax like yeah well yeah we throw that one in there but other states they might prefer an income stack tax or payroll tax or sales tax okay so i can't get rid of the state disability insurance they're going to force me to put that one in there so we will deal with that and then we've got the employee or taxes so once again i was trying not to deal with the federal unemployment tax but they're going to force us to deal with the federal unemployment tax here we've got the social security which matches the employee portion this is our tax that we're going to have to pay as the employer on the employee's wages the ett and once again we've got the california sui employee tax which is something i didn't want to have to deal with but they're going to force us to deal with that as well in our practice problem so what i'm going to do here is i'm going to change the federal income tax to 633.55 to compensate for that $50.42 so i lowered it by $50.42 so i come up to the same total of the withholdings so what do we have here this is this is going to be the income for the current pay period these are the year-to-date numbers this is what we're taking out of the employee's paycheck because they the government made us do it these are basically the mandatory withholdings the government would say it's for their own good it's for their own good it's like whatever for for their own good you you go and you take their money don't make me do it for crying out loud if we still if we subtract the two then we get the paycheck that would actually be going out to them and the government's like they're too stupid to pay their own taxes we you have to do it for them it's like whatever i hire smart people i don't need they can deal with their own thing deal with their own taxes you jerk anyway government there's the year-to-date numbers so if we take this number minus the the total that's going to be what has been received on a year-to-date basis now in practice we might have other types of withholdings which would be voluntary types of withholdings like like obviously health insurance and 401k plans and whatnot but we have a whole another course or section that dives deeper into payroll if you want to dive into some more weeds that are are there and then on the employer side this is going to be our portion of the taxes which is simply going to increase the liability for what we owe and this will be the actual payroll taxes so when you think about payroll taxes note that these are the payroll taxes to us the employer these up here are taxes that we have to pay they are payroll taxes however to the employee for us they're just the wages to the employee as the as the employer these are just the employees wages that i have to then give to people based on the employees what their debt is right so i have to give it to the government on behalf of the employees but it's really just part of the employees wages that i'm being forced to distribute on behalf of the employees whereas this part is our payroll taxes because we have to pay taxes over and above what the employees earned all right let's go ahead and save that and then we'll do another one let's go into Erica here and check hers out so we'll edit her paycheck and we're going to say that she had i want to i want to make the hours and so we're going to make this to be 150 on the hours this time and so that's going to come out to 2400 hourly employee 2400 total and then we're going to say that the federal income tax i'm going to say i'm going to change the federal income tax to 360 that would be based on her w4 information i'm going to remove the state taxes that i can and then i'm actually going to reduce that 360 minus the 2640 that i can't get rid of on the state side which brings me to 333.6 i'm doing this because i wanted to tie out to the to my practice problem uh where we have bank reconciliations at a future point so noting once again the social security and medicare those they won't even let you change those because those are basically flat taxes they're not perfectly flat taxes by the way if you think about a theory and theory for tax theory people you know you know a lot of people would argue that a flat tax might be a better way to go than more complex type of tax systems but note that even the social security isn't exactly flat because because there's a cap on it and that's going to cause a problem if they hit the cap and you miss it because you have to look at this year to date number to see where that cap happens and the medicare might actually have a place where it starts to increase in basis and and again why would there be a cap on social security because that would look funny that means that if you make more money you stop paying taxes at some point is not a benefit to the rich and you could say well the the thing with social security is that it kind of acts like we kind of think of social security as a retirement plan these days instead of a safety net program which is one reason the tax is so high right now so if it's a if it's a retirement plan that we're all forced to pay into instead of like saving for our own retirement then then you would think the more money you put into it the the more money you would get back from it when you get the benefits at retirement but of course that's not exactly the case the benefits go down as you put more money into it because it's kind of part welfare program and part of a retirement program and so this is part of the issue we don't really know what social security is these days we're confused as to as to whether it's a retirement program or not so anyways if this is 2400 times 0.062 is going to be for 14880 and then this one's going to be 2400 times 0.0145 and that's going to be 3480 and then this is our taxes that we're paying over and above so this is us taking Erika's money because the government makes us in mandatory withholdings and then paying it on Erika's behalf this is us paying over and above what Erika earned for our payroll taxes so that's going to be that so let's go ahead and save it and I think that is what we need to do so I'm hoping that everything is good to go okay so boom boom boom so let's go ahead and preview it is it good we're gonna say here's the total payroll gross pay gives us our little worksheet boom looks good let's go ahead and it's we have we have a submit payroll save for later I'm gonna do it I'm gonna do it cross your fingers let's run it and then we'll say that I'm not rating it right now so I think the check numbers are 10.022 and 10.023 let's say and so and then print pay stubs so if we can check that out and so here are the pay stubs so so so this is required to provide to the employee even if you don't give them a physical check why because you have to tell them what they actually earned in total and their total earnings and what was withheld from them so here's the current earnings here's what was taken out of their earnings for california income tax medicare social security california state disability and the federal income tax to get to their net check so we don't we do not have to give them our portion so we're not including on their paycheck what we also paid on their behalf our portion of social security medicare and the federal unemployment tax for example and we also have to give it on a year to date basis so you can see this starts to get somewhat tedious because of we have to provide kind of a lot of detailed information not just the current paycheck but the year to date information the year to date information becoming important because of things like the caps such as the cap on social security and the possible added payment for medicare there's a cap on federal unemployment tax and whatnot so it actually gets quite messy even though every one little component of it is fairly simple you put them all together and it gets messy so download payroll reports so if we do that we get our total cost this is the employer reports tax payments tax and wage summary tax liability total pay employee e reports payroll summary payroll summary by employee now if you were doing payroll and you wanted to provide these to a client as payroll is provide as done this is the type of report that you might be receiving for example if you had a third party person doing the payroll and then providing you with with the reports but we won't generate these now we could export them to excel which is pretty neat let's actually do that let's let's do all of these and i'll show you i'll i'll do these employee detail let's just do all of them and export it to excel and that's pretty neat because then you get all the payroll reports basically in one place but you also have a whole lot of payroll reports internally within quickbooks as well if you like the excel format of the reports you can of course use the cute pdf printer to then export the reports to export the reports so if i then enable the editing here so we've got the deductions and contributions the payroll details so this gives us the total and this gives it by adam and erica so this is quite common and useful to understand that you can see payroll as employee by employee and break out the information that way but you can also kind of see payroll as though you have one big employee that's a conglomerate of all the other employees and you get and you can think of the journal entry in that format so total hours this is the gross pay and then this is the regular pay and so this is the pre-tax deductions the adjusted gross and then other pay employee employees so we finally get down to the the pay here the total pay and then employee taxes and deductions so this is what was taken out and the employee taxes total include the federal income tax social security medicare income california income tax this is what was taken out the sums up to 157 819 this number here employee after tax deductions net pay so here's the net pay which is going to be the total pay minus and this is for both of them each employee and then both of them minus what was deducted and the employer taxes which include the futa the social security medicare this is a pretty good report i like the format of this one because it not only gives you what you see in a pay stub the employee stuff but also the employer tax is something often missing in in some reports that are just giving you information supporting the employee side of things you've got the payroll summary this is kind of similar information that looks like but a different register format so now you've got hamilton and erica it's in a horizontal format now where you have the gross pay so here's uh the the gross pay for uh february and so we've got the gross pay for that period the net pay the employee or taxes and the total payroll taxes pay method all right pretty summarized report this is uh tax payments we don't have any tax payments as of yet we're gonna we've just withheld them we haven't paid them yet and this is the uh paycheck wages subtotal and then this is the employer uh the employer taxes so this is the employer taxes that were taken out so it's kind of a summary report this is in a payroll tax and wage so here's the total wages again uh and it doesn't give it by employee this time but rather gives us simply the uh total wages for the different types of taxes for california p it california california federal income taxes so that gives us the total wages the taxable wages the tax amount and the tax percent now this becomes important because when you think about your w2 the total wage box uh might be different there's three total wage boxes if you think about your w2 one for the type for each type of tax basically because you have you have your wages for your federal income tax which might be different than your social security wages because you might have hit the cap which could be different for like medicare wages and so on so then then this is going to be your tax liabilities so this is what we owe uh as of now broken out by the different things that we owe these are the forms that we're going to be paying with and the total pay so here's just a summary of the total pay and the employee detail so you can see there's a lot of detailed information in here whereas note that if payroll wasn't so complex if we didn't have all these laws related to payroll what would payroll look like it would look like basically plus button uh enter an expense form right we we would just shake hands and say i'm just going to pay you just like any other vendor as of the end of the week we'd wait till it come through the bank feeds and we'll just call it wages expense that's what payroll should be if it wasn't for all the regulations but now it's complicated to the point where you have to have a whole separate added pay to deal with the complications of payroll and possibly hire a whole extra payroll processor to deal with the payroll so it's pretty interesting area any case so now let's go to our balance sheet and run it and we can see that in here what has happened thus far we've got then the check we should have these two checks in here let's go into the checking account and to do payroll checks we should have the checks i think i have to bring it up to the 29th hold on a second bring it up a day there's 29 days in february 2024 looking forward to that extra day so here's our payroll checks boom boom if we drill down on them it's not going to take us to that payroll data input but rather actually they won't even let us drill down on the check because they're payroll checks okay let's go back and the other side's going to go to the expense generally we're going to run it do i have i need to bring it up a day to the 29 29 let's go down and say that we have then the wages so here's the wages going into that and we have our two paychecks that have been generated they won't let me drill down to the source document that's for the for the gross pay and the difference between the the wages and what we saw on the check is of course what we took from them in withholdings back to the balance sheet and we took that from them and put it in here into our liability accounts such as the federal taxes and so on 941 that social security medicare and and social security medicare and federal income tax so we took that money from them and we owe it to the government you can see why you get in trouble if you if you don't pay these taxes because now the government says you not only didn't pay your taxes you stole that money from the employees and didn't pay the taxes on their behalf like you're supposed to and it's like well i have cash flow problems and i can't pay the taxes but you made me withhold the taxes i didn't want to withhold the right and you get into a messy situation so you don't want to do that with payroll taxes you want to pay the payroll taxes and not get in trouble with with those because then you get all then everything gets messy so then also we have taxes for our side of the taxes so in here and the other side of that is over here on uh the payroll taxes so payroll taxes here these are just our portion of the taxes our portion of social security medicare and the federal unemployment tax futa now before we wrap this up i'm going to make one more adjustment to deal with that federal unemployment tax and the sdi taxes they made us record so that we can tie into our worksheet so that in future sections everything will work out when we get to the bank reconciliations for example in a future course or section so i'm going to make these adjustments into a separate account as we did when we ran the first month payroll for the payroll liability adjustment here and then we'll also see it over here on uh the payroll tax adjustment so i'm just going to do this with a journal entry so i'm going to go back on over here we could do it by going into the actual register because those are uh liability they're balance sheet accounts so i'm going to go into the do-do-do where am i going to the transactions and then in the chart of accounts i can pick either one of those uh account or no i have to pick the liability account so the payroll adjustment liability account is what i am looking for so here we have it it has a register to it so let's go into the register and enter the journal entry this way i'm going to select the drop down and make a journal entry and i'm going to make it as of 022924 same date as the payroll this is uh adj for taxes let's say taxes adjustment i don't want to make it adj because that's going to be our we'll talk about that later this is a decrease this is going to be for 228.66 and the other side is going to go to the payroll payroll tax tax adjustment to this adjustment account here so it's going to be going there and let's go ahead and save it so i'll save that what does that do if i go into my balance sheet and run the report then we have in this adjustment account this adjustment if i go into that we can see then that we have a journal entry if i go into the journal entry it's going to now show in debit and credit format as opposed to the register i'll copy the the description and put it on both sides and then i'll save and close that and go back and the other side is on the income statement running it and i made an adjustment in a separate sub account here for the payroll taxes in that one as well with a journal entry so there is that one now note that if you're tying out remember that these reports over here basically are the reports that are going to be used to populate the 941s the 940 given to the government and the w2s and the w3s given to employees and the government so these what you want then is these forms to tie out to what you're also going to give to the government which is going to be your income taxes for your actual business so note that at at the end of the year what you'll typically want to do is take something like this summary report and make sure that the totals in the wages think of it as one journal entry the total for the wages should tie out to basically what you have in your wages account on your income statement and then you should be able to tie out to what is currently the liabilities that are outstanding on your balance sheet noting that if you did this on a cashed-based system and had someone else processing the payroll then you could just wait till everything clears the bank record it as one account payroll expense and then possibly use this report which would then be provided not by QuickBooks but by the external payroll provider to then make the adjustments to your to your books as of the end of the year for income tax reporting uh or external reporting purposes right so if you had someone else do the payroll in other words they would give you a report like this which you can enter possibly as though they were one employee doing one journal entry per pay period or possibly simply staying on a cashed-based system waiting till the end of the year to make that adjustment when you need it for tax time or possibly external reporting but to do that you need a team of people that know what they're doing yourself as the bookkeeper possibly a CPA firm that can make this periodic adjustment and a payroll provider that can handle all of the human resources and payroll and the pay stubs and all that kind of uh stuff but just note that you want these things to tie out because if they don't tie out then you're giving something to the government that doesn't match right if you give something to the government where your your financial statements reported on at least your tax return don't match what you're giving to the government in terms of the quarterly payroll reports 941s and the yearly W3 then you know that's inviting possibly an audit or something like that they might be able to just process that without human too much human interference and figure out that something doesn't seem right so this is where we stand now on the balance sheet so here's where we are on the balance sheet here is the income statement let's run that one and then we'll take a look at the trial balance remember in the trial balance is the balance sheet on top of the income statement if your numbers tie out to these numbers great if not try changing the date see if it's a date range issue if it's a paycheck issue then you'll actually have to void the paycheck and process it again right we've got the assets liabilities equity income expense so the assets are starting from the checking account and going down to the machinery and equipment that's what the company has the liabilities are people third party that have claimed to the value of those assets starting at accounts payable going down through the payroll liabilities to unearned revenue most of them being credit balances and then we have our claim to the assets in the form of the balance sheet accounts of owners investment similar to the common stock if it were a corporation and owner's equity similar to retained earnings if a corporation and then the income statement starting with the income as credits minus the expenses as debits which would give us net income that would roll into the owner's equity or retained earnings if it was a corporation and QuickBooks does that automatically in a year by year basis so if I go from one oh one oh one two five two oh one oh one two five and run it you can see that it's basically rolled in here to owner's equity the equivalent of retained earnings for a sole proprietor


Hi there and welcome. I'm the Technician Projects and today's tutorial is going to show you how to export an entire project out of Adobe Audition. Once Adobe Audition is loaded and you have files imported in and ready to be exported out as a complete project, please see my previous videos on how to import files into Adobe Audition. You want to go to File, Export, Multitrack Mixdown, Entire Session. You want to label your track as a Mixdown track. You want to change all these settings on the changemind to the desktop because that's where I want my files to go. Once you press OK, your file won't start mixing down. If you enjoyed the video today, please leave a like rating and subscribe for more. Thank you for watching and see you next time.


My name is Paige Kluge and I'm a wildlife biologist with the USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center. My job is to research tools and methods to reduce Blackbird damage to sunflower. And so as many of you know, there's not an easy solution for that, but by integrating multiple methods by implementing those methods early in the season and by moving those tools around and changing their frequency, hopefully some of the methods that I talk about in the next few minutes, you'll find helpful. So because birds are mobile and able to move great distances, many of the methods can be conducted or thought of at a landscape scale. So for example, how can we reduce the density of birds and move the birds across the landscape? And one way to do that at the landscape scale is by agricultural practices. So planting larger fields by coordinating with your neighbors so that they're planting sunflower at the same time as you, so that the damage is spread out and not one field gets hit really hard, especially in areas where you think you're going to have bird problems. If you plant those areas as early as possible, if you plant early maturing varieties and if you desiccate the crop, you can advance harvest and avoid peak blackbird numbers. In central part of North Dakota, peak blackbird numbers vary every year, but on average they're in mid-October. So if you can get your crop off the field by mid-October, you're going to be doing better. If you're the last field at the end of October, you could expect to see thousands of birds in your field. Another landscape approach is cattail management. So cattail management works because it also spreads birds across the landscape. Less cattail on the landscape means a lower density of birds and you're distributing birds so that there's less damage in one particular area. Cattail management is frustrating in some ways because the cattail that's impacting your field is not always on your property. So again, it's going to be coordinating with neighbors to be able to do that cattail management. Cattail management is frustrating in another way as well in that there's not really the great solution to cattail management either. There's burning, there's grazing, there's mowing, you can apply an herbicide like glyphosate, but they all are expensive and difficult to do as well. And so that leads me to techniques that you can implement at the field scale and where a farmer has more control. So those can include things like frightening devices or chemical repellents as well as like say the crop variety. So with chemical repellents there is a repellent methyl and with an active ingredient methyl anthranolate that's registered for foliar application in sunflower in North Dakota. The difficulty is that you have to get the enough residue of the chemical on the face of the sunflower because that's where the birds are foraging. And with the preferred application strategy being airplane, you don't get enough of that residue on the face of the sunflower for the birds to ingest enough to have a negative reaction. We've tried drop nozzles but still there's not enough residue on those sunflower faces. In addition to chemical repellents we also have frightening devices and frightening devices are those tools that are used most often in North Dakota sunflower fields. Propane cannons, pyrotechnics, and firearms such as shotguns or rifles. So shotguns can be used as a lethal method that can reinforce some of those non-lethal auditory deterrents. Also one of the more novel tools that we've been researching is drones or UAS or UAV. I call them drones and we use them as a tool to haze. The benefit of a drone is that it's mobile and it can reach the interior of large fields. My project has been working on ways of establishing best practices of when we have success. The field size, the flock size, what kind of drone, how should that drone be flown? The shape, the size, the speed. As well as projects where we're integrating drones with other tools to try to increase the negative stimulus. So adding methyl anthranolate to a spraying drone so that we're chasing with a drone and spraying with avian repellent as well as potential of swarming drones or adding other tools such as using drones in addition to shooting. So stay tuned on those recommendations and please feel free to contact USDA Wildlife Services for any assistance you need with propane cannons, pyrotechnics, shooting or drones. Thank you.


Sailors assigned to pre-commissioning unit Thomas Hudner, DDG 116, visited with the ship's namesake. This was an opportunity for the sailors to meet and interact with Thomas Hudner Jr. Hudner, a retired naval captain, received the Medal of Honor for attempting to rescue Anton Jesse Brown, the first African-American naval aviator to fly in combat during the Korean War. So it's not every day you get to meet, one, a Medal of Honor recipient and the namesake of your ship. I think it's really cool. It has a lot of heritage. It's really good for the junior sailors as far as, like, I've been in for 18 years and I've never even been a part of anything like this. So for our junior sailors to see that and really understand where the namesake is coming from and meet the man and meet a Medal of Honor recipient, I mean, I think that's priceless. For more information about PCU Thomas Hudner, visit navy.mil.