Välkomna till Balkingtons idag. Jag vill tala lite om en bok som jag har läst. Mobrik, och först och foremost när jag vore med dig som Balkingtons, det är för att det är en karaktär i den här bok som heter Balkington. Så jag trodde att det var en kul väg att introducera den här videon. Så basically, innan jag började tala om den här particularen bok, jag vet att detta inte är den mest klickbätig eller relevanta. Men igen, jag har mycket av subskrivare. Du som ser detta, som är intubokter, som du gillar att läsa, du gillar litteratur, västkultur och så vidare. Ja, detta är väldigt en del av särskilt amerikansk kultur. Jag vill säga att det är en viktig jobb, så jag har decidit att läsa det. Och också, innan jag började, en jämliss plugg från mig, som vi talade om bokarna, om du inte reddade min egen glories bok, 200 pages av self-improvement och filosofi. Jag lär dig först en link i den här videon. Jag vill definitivt öka alla att läsa det. Så, det här har jag sagt. Låt oss gå in till boket. Och jag vill vara väldigt sannolikt med alla som tittar. Jag vill inte vara pretensiös. Jag vill inte att jag gillar saker som jag inte riktigt gillar, bara för för säkerhet av att komma omkring en kultur. Jag vill alltid vara sannolikt med vad jag gillar och vad jag inte riktigt gillar. Så detta bok, har jag gillar att läsa det? Var det en bra bok? Nej, inte riktigt. Jag gillar inte att läsa det, particulär mycket, för att vara sannolikt. Och det kan vara för några olika reasons. Det kan vara för att det har skrivit 150 år senare, så det är lite svårt med det. Men jag tror mer på det. Det har medfattat att det inte är en particulär immersiv bok. Det är mer skrivit som Wailers erfarenhet i Wailing. Och det är också en av de bra poängs av boket. Det är baserad på en extremt episk incident, eller tragisk incident, depending på hur du vill se det. I Wailing, när Atlantic Power ventured out into the ocean in search for whale oil, because you needed it for lamps. Not these kind of lamps, but the lamps you had during the early 1800s, or to mid 1800s. So whale oil was a treasured commodity. And this book is written by Herman Melville, who had a past in the American Wailing fleet. So he had plenty of experience to draw upon. And that is one of the things that makes the book, in my view at least, worthwhile to read. It's a great time document. So even though it's not an immersive book that makes you want to hit the gym, it's a great piece of history, especially American history. So if you ask should I read this book, it depends a bit. If you're interested in 19th century western world culture and history, it is an important work. And after all it's been a classic for such a long time. So and it is that for a reason. And also the event that I mentioned that it's based upon is actually a whaling ship called Essex, was sunk by a sperm whale. It got rammed and sunk by a whale. This is something that really captures the imagination. It's like something out of a legend or a myth or some strange fiction. But it happened and the book is based on that. And the share feel of that, if you just hear this for the first time, there was a ship that got sunk by a whale. So you have this great beast from the deeps of the ocean coming up to attack humans. It is interesting. It is epic. It is something that really catches your imagination. So that was basically why I thought it was a cool read, even though I didn't enjoy it. So it's a bit of a not enjoyable, but enjoyable at the same time if it makes any sense at all. So it's not immersive as a book by Connie Gilden for example or the Horus Heresy. But it's also a book that is based on something real and you get to see from an actual whaler how things were back in the day. So as a time document, as a historic document, it's very valuable to have. And also a note on the author. I have saved a few quotes from it and it's very clear that he is first and foremost very proud of having been a whaler. He thinks it's a noble pursuit and perhaps it was during the time 1850s when western man at least really conquered the planet. Went out into the ocean, went out into the world explored, found new species and you didn't really have that same sense of knowledge that we have today. Now we know exactly every species. There are almost at least and we know every spot on the map basically. This was a time of exploration and there is something really appealing in that feel of it, the feel of exploration, the feel of not knowing the unknown. There could have been even more horrendous monsters lurking in the deeps, who knows. But you have that sensation at least and that is also what makes it interesting. And also seeing how he, the author, reviewed the world back then. And yeah, the book is full of references to mythology and culture and history and it's clear that the author is very well read. So I will take a few examples which I thought were cool. And this is one quote, it actually reminded me of Bronze Age pervert on Twitter or yeah, Bronze Age mindset you might know the book in its epicness in the feel of the text. So here goes the quote. Especially the Oriental Isles to the east of the continent. Those insulated immemorial territories which even in these modern days still preserve much of the ghostly aboriginalness of Earth's primal generations. When the memory of the first man was a distinct recollection and all men his descendants. So you have that sort of feel that there are still unexplored territories and yeah, that is appealing. Getting that sense through a book is quite attractive in terms of a reading experience and then also in terms of having it as an historic document you can see the relationship between the British whalers and the American whalers so he says besides, the English whalers sometimes effect a kind of a metropolitan superiority over the American whalers regarding the long line nantucketer with this non-descript provincialism as a sort of sea peasant. So it's also interesting again to when you read this sort of older books you get a historic window to look through so this is what the British semen thought of Americans during that time and another quote something I've mentioned briefly especially if you follow me on Twitter is is physiognomy and he mentions it briefly physiognomically regarded the sperm whale is an anomalous creature physiognomy is basically you can look upon a person's features and see what kind of man he is I used to believe this was the most ridiculous of bro science but it actually has quite a bit of truth to it and during the 19th century it was even more regarded as something legit and this is if you look upon bugman for example or new males etc with their soy faces they look you can see that they don't have good healthy moral views and people kind of knew it back in the day too just thought to mention that it was fun and another note on the sperm whale he definitely admires the sperm whale as a king monster of the ocean and this is also something that highlights his knowledge of the world of western culture so I thought it was a fun quote and I am convinced that from the heads of all ponderous profound beings such as Plato Pyro, the devil Jupiter, Dante and so on, there always goes up a certain semi visible steam while in the act of thinking deep thoughts so he just throws out some random beings there such as Plato, Pyro, I think he means Pyro, Pyros, the Greek general who fought the Romans then the devil because why not and then Jupiter and then Dante, the Italian author so yeah in good company you can say the sperm whale is and then another quote which I put up on my page thegoldenone.se I also shared it to Legi Glorias Instagram is the following real strength never impairs beauty or harmony but it often bestows it and in everything impossibly beautiful strength has much to do with the magic take away the tide tendons that all over seemed bursting from the marble in the carved Hercules and it's charms would be gone as the Vout Ekerman lifted the linen sheets from the naked corpse of Goethe he was overwhelmed with the massive chest of the man that seemed as a Roman triumphal arch when Angelo paints even God the father in human form what robustness is there and that was the absolute most epic quote from Moby Dick so I had to share it so basically you have a lot of cool references and quotes etc in the book and again it is a valuable time document historic document and it is based upon most epic incident indeed there is also a film with Chris Hemsworth that is being made out of this particular incident that I saw a year ago can highly recommend that as well just to get that epic 1800s feel so that was just me rambling a bit on the book I have just read so the final verdict is yeah if you are interested in that time period if you are interested in wailing because it is a very lengthy book about wailing after all and I don't regret reading it some cool passages feels nice to read classic like this but if you are starting out to read books I would not recommend it and I don't think you should have this sort of literature in schools either because it might turn people off from reading because as I said it's not a good book it's not an immersive book in that regard it's not something in that you want to continue reading unless of course you are interested in the time period but I suppose most people are not so in terms of just an enjoyable reading experience perhaps not but for those of you who are interested in the time period can definitely recommend it xxoboo


wana jivutu akiyanda kandyo basi basi yata twitter weka twitter ok that aside guys please look at this set carefully we have two kingsleys two two kingsleys ebu eken ni set wana ni kuna kingslewa wili namki ni ambiawa fana ni tutakwana shida these two are the same amengia ni kumbona kingslewa chezi mbona kwa po kumpe kingslewa koiside mbona mna fana na evi wana fana na wana fana na ni rangitu mngi na me shika kuliko mwenzake wana fana na wana wana wana wana wana wana wana wana wana wana fana na guys wongo I see two kingsleys wana fana na fuko I am sorry bro I never am her spirit Haya we keeps having troubles there how old can you be? we live around here what is your name? I can't handle her have you uploaded a vid to Youku? it's from you I used to use to be a mum I was forever old Nayana. So nga na kuzoya ptasa ni baya ja ja introduce like the way I did not introduce myself. 911. In case you need to know. Okay, come on. Niyona skia kwanza. Yeah, nisaelva, pa silva jina kwa. Ekei e. Shekis maile yani ekei e. Oji oki skiza wengine jwa fotokopi. Ekei e. Foto kopi, ya nga? Wengine fotokopi originalini oi wapa. Masilwa, no no judge of penna masilwa Nambu no upeni vahabu haki? Asami ni silwa, vahabu ni dem Oho, I see Asami ni silwa Uta muflani so much leta ni giani? Kwa mbe uta muki bao Slajua mi na kujangana ma uta muki bao What's your recent track called? Okay, Why in your West Niku why in tuya ni kazi niku why in why Niku why in West Ile li kwa ni sunge ya Sayzi ni why ni in West motopasi Uta ki kwa linga nisha ni Soge ya uki why ni in West Amayone part 3 Iyosa sayzi li kwa ni sunge ya Alafi ya ni faniye li stai leta fani Sayzi say naka kwa na ki why in Mou na? I'm going to say this once and I'm going to say it very quickly Uko njoa toa kwa na coconut Situ to kwa na Kingsley Kuna design suusama Kingsley Manzeni impakatu tumi impakakiyo Ya I will show you at a later time Nistuku story Tagi kwa social marriage nuk pata api Tila mahalipale YouTube Uta ni pata silver jina kubwa Facebook silver jina kubwa Instagram silver jina kubwa Twitter silver jina kubwa Silver jina kubwa nujotko klasai And we like to grow Kus point of kulansi ni kugro Una zasima the last time uli kwa panasai Umegro kamamsani Yes umegwam handsome ok Congratulation Thanks But umegro kamamsani Una skia kwa Mabia tani kani Hailas ni ngaia A little bit more than they used to Kuna tufa uti waz Kuna tufa uti impakawatu Sayzi uko enji wana jwa Ewa ulen silver jina kubwa Siku wana juli kana Una zasipitwana M'am tv yata notice kama Ewa silver jina kubwa Sayzi wana notice M'am eni wana Ewa ubo eni limu wana palikwa TV Niaia Mbakans mamisha ni uli zani Ewa ni silver jina kubwa Amana kufana nisha Amana kufana nisha na Kingsley Suna ona Wana ni pima Usoke Usoke Kitambo And I'm going to tell you a secret Kitambo toki anza why When we had just launched Y254 That was 2 plus years ago Ewa manze Mini kwa nana ni mefika Adi ani nisingia job na job ni TV Ya ni camera twi na wakare Tumali na job Transmission in Afika Softa job ni kwa nangiataw iwi Nga goja to address the nation Because of course ni me kwa kwa Akunam tu alikwa na waj As Kingsley laughs at me It's the truth Kingsley Likwa na timbei iwi Nga goja msa meneo Nga unival Nothing Nobody was watching Because obviously we had just started the station However We had a squeeze So you had to think of me But I said to myself Hi Val Bounced station Yes Nga skia gapi Nga skia po Nga skia maishu ghe Me na wapenda Anyway What else do you feel like You want to give us Kablamo kwa wisha 2020 na karibia Are we going to get some Ganga tone vibe from you?


of the climate action. And that's now almost two years. We signed up with a brilliant enthusiasm, a Paris Agreement. And Paris was really about a massive, really significant convergence of many, many different stakeholders. And at that time, and that's why I'm so happy to be here in this particular setting, with this view of, we have to really look at, witness, and develop this low carbon emission solution. At that time, and for our, Paris, we also started this project with SDSN and others to say, we need to know where we are going. What is our horizon of the digitalization? Because if we don't have, like, JSAC says many times, if you don't have a plan, maybe some plan doesn't make it all. Or if you don't have a plan, you don't know, it's a recipe for failure. So in Paris, at least we have the elements of framework of a plan. And since then, I can say it's a sort of good news and bad news that we are there. And I would like to, in a way, describe with you my own judgment of where we stand. Let's take the example of my country, of France. We have seen, after the elections, and it was good that, in the end of the election, even if climate was not on the forefront of the campaign, that the full decision of the new president and the new government was to have a climate plan, a very ambitious climate plan, already in the first months of this program. And when I look at what Michelangelo is probably saying, upstairs, we decided that we have an integral mission target by 2050, that we will have four billion of investment in the next four years on energy efficiencies and by 2040, no new combustion engine would be used in France and in the market. And that by 2040, we will just stop every promotion of the 42-base energy bill performed in the States. So this is clearly a direction of action. And it's not France only, even with all this difficulty and so Germany decided finally to phase out the coal after having to phase out nuclear with now a clear base. We saw the UK, even with the general government and having a more conservative government now, finally developing renewable energy at speed and showing that finally some days coal is going down and renewable energy is going up in the UK. And I think also this, it's not only European countries, it's many others where we have this shift in the way government considers the future and sees that it is a different future now. And when you look at the global scale, you see that renewable energy is no more the niche market for a particular set of production that will never be the mass market of electricity. The buildings in many countries, and it's not only Chile, it can give you South Africa or India, are now competitive with forces from very electricity. We see every day building price at a very low angle and we know that you will continue over time. We see that in many countries again this target to have an electrification of mobility is there and it's not that far in time and who could have said even when we were signing Paris that this electrification of mobility could take place at such speed and I'm not really a fan of cars but you see the recent gathering where the new models are presented, now you have the big challenges and beyond that we see that we are beginning to touch new areas for having a low emission solution like agriculture which will always ignore factor and you know and we are now thinking, seeing more and more policies that just point to how to have a sustainable low-energy agriculture. So this is really encouraging. We see as we just said, business is more engaged than ever. We see local communities and local government having a more natural ambition than other governments so that are more serious than before and really planning and trying to understand and show what their pathway is for low emission targets and that was a change. Before Paris was more symbolic targets anyway 2020 targets most of the time most of the time numbers that didn't have a real significance on the change to happen in the local city or regional level now is totally different. The vision is not only 2020 but 2015 they are beginning to have plans to get there and there is a concrete discussion, a collective discussion among these networks. So that's in a way a good news. There are some good news on finance. There are of course a movement to have an element of regulation that shows that we came with a clear carbon footprint that could be a strong signal for markets to be invested in high social activities highly exposed to the carbon risk. There was even in the difficult setting of 2020 a conversation on how governments in the future could regulate the financial markets or has to make companies and investors transparent about this carbon risk. And so this is totally new. This week was just coming before Paris which is now deployed. Now there are clear recommendations from the task force that are not coming. The governors of the Bank of England just started just immediately after Paris. So with all this at the same time in reality reality is lagging behind in many places in finance and disinvestment movement is still very low still very low. And we have a mixed feature because of course one there is of course a resistance of incumbents the company doesn't want to make a change. The government who are really, really very reluctant in having good targets and raising their ambition and it's now a political battle everywhere. You could look after the Chinese discussion between the central government say for the enterprise and we could look at South Africa and the people really investing highly in coal and fighting the change in the policy and you could seize up in many, many places as well. So I think this mixed feature called for action now and acceleration of action and in a way this conference this type of forum seems to me very important because pre-Paris the logic was that everyone was preparing of course it was valuable but that everyone was doing it from housekeeping to job business where took into business to see what would be the target that was the same on the local government side and the government preparing very significant commitments. We need to go beyond that we need to have a real structure conversation not about we are moving in the same direction but how we mutually organize pressure that we not only have the peer pressure but we have the cost pressure between governments and business and local governments and Microsoft. We need that. If not, my concern is you can lose a political momentum that was created by Paris was in a way, when we invite Trump decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement because then creating a positive reaction but this will not be enough so we need really now to engage in very precise conversation business to really demonstrate that they can go not for incremental change but destructive changes it's not easy industry is just asking itself what is beyond power, captures and storage what we can do that is radical addition of the business we do already and that's the same for all the sectors in particular for the land use but as well for the building sector we have now many solutions but the disruption in the business actually is not happening now enough so I'm going for this intensive dialogue I think the COP 23 will be an important moment because of this to show, demonstrate that organization when you have the summit in 2018 in California but I think we have to change the way we are looking at the future that's a moment I think and California will be the right moment to do so that businesses, local governments and governors, the one who wants to go further and faster just display what they want to do on the long term that's coming as you go this very second and so I hope that it will be a moment where this vision of the 2050 the way to get to the zero emission like the second part of the century is presented not globally but by each actor in the way they see the situation that's a massive exercise I think this conference will be totally building block of this process that really we have to challenge ourselves that what we do for the moment absolutely, absolutely will be the challenge thank you


You're welcome back to breakfast and plus the Africa. Now, are you still on Twitter using VPNs or otherwise? The attorney general of the Federation says you might be prosecuted and to discuss the treat a ban on all its legal implications. We've invited a lawyer, Mr. Ebu Adiburwa, to join us. Good morning. Good morning. Thanks for joining us.  But from your perspective, how do you see it? Is the government breaking any law? Or in fact, is there any law that supports the ban on Twitter? Thank you very much. Let me first state that the steps taken by the government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in respect of Twitter, it's totally illegal and not constitutional. And the reason is because the engagement between President Monogh Uwari and Twitter is purely personal. The Twitter account is at M. Uwari. It has nothing to do with his position as president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. So the institutions of the state of Nigeria, the laws of Nigeria cannot be deployed in aid of settling personal scores between President Monogh Uwari and a personal organization such as Twitter. Having said that, all the directives that have been given to the Nigerian Bocasting Commission, directives given to the telecommunications organizations to delete Twitter accounts are totally illegal. And the reason is because, as I speak to you this morning, there is no law in Nigeria forbidding any citizen from the use of Twitter or Facebook or Instagram or any other social media platform. And to that extent, a statement from the minister of information, a statement from the press aid or personal assistance to the president, a statement from the Honourable Attorney General is not enough in law to put anybody on that trial because our law is regulated by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999. Section 36 sub-12 of that main organic document for our country states that nobody shall be tried or convicted except in accordance with a law that is already enforced, either made by the act of the National Assembly or law of the House of Assembly of a state. And an offence is defined and a punishment is prescribed for it. So to that extent, the statement from the executive press releases television declarations where they do not amount to law in Nigeria and no citizen can be punished or tried. And that's why you see that since these declarations have been made on behalf of the government, everybody has been going about their business normally, tweeting and doing what they know best to do because there is no law that forbids anyone from doing so. Having said that, I believe honestly that this issue of Twitter is unnecessary. It's an overkill on the part of the president. You know how many people in the world have issues with their personal micro-blogging platforms and then they use their positions to flex Muslims. So I think that the government of Nigeria should go back to the drawing board and withdraw the threats and restore Twitter back and withdraw the ban of suspension and allow citizens to exercise their freedom of expression. If the president is not comfortable with Twitter, he should remove himself and look for other means of expressing himself other than using the official position to set two personal scores. Thank you. I want to go in an angle that concerns us here in the media. The NBC kindly clarifies what exactly the laws that the NBC is leaning on to are. They have of course acts that media organizations disable their Twitter accounts in accordance with their own laws and in respect for the laws of the land and some of all of that. So quickly share your thoughts on that. Is that because the NBC sees that the AGF has some law with which they can prosecute Nigerians for failing to adhere or they're just playing along? Thank you very much. The Nigerian Bocrastine Commission is established under the Nigerian Bocrastine Commission Act and that act is made by the National Assembly under its powers under Section 4 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Now any law that offends any provision of the Constitution will be illegal to the extent of its inconsistency because Section 1 of the Constitution says that the provisions of the Constitution shall be supreme and any other law that is inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution will give way. Now the National Bocrastine Commission if it proposes to be using the National Bocrastine Commission Act to restrain the freedom of expression and the right of the media will be violated in Section 39 of the Constitution because Section 39 of the Constitution says that every citizen shall be entitled to the freedom of expression to receive ideas and to impart ideas in a country called Nigeria without interference. So any law or statement made by NBC to media organizations to delete their tutor accounts will be a violation of Section 39 of the Constitution and I would be interested to know the reason for self-directed. If it is because President Muhammad Buhari has an issue in respect of his personal Twitter account NBC would be violating the laws of our land by proceeding as an organization to join President Muhammad Buhari to fight his personal war against Twitter because NBC has no business with the personal account of President Muhammad Buhari because the NBC Act does not recognize personal individuals. So I think that Mr. Idachiaba Armstrong with all due respect should go back to take proper counsel from his lawyers and not begin to jump into frame between a private citizen and his social media handles. With all due respect that directive is a constitutional, it's a legal, and I urge media organizations to go to court to challenge it. We are not in dictatorship. Nigeria is a democratic society and you cannot just wake up any day to be issuing directive as it pleases you without complying with the mandates of the law. All right, Mr. Idachiaba, I understand where you're coming from and I actually asked this question to a guest about this Twitter ban yesterday but the NBC is a federal government power struggle. So are they not obliged to obey instructions given by the government? Well, I believe that the Nigerian Bocrossing Commission is a part of the executive arm of government. And so you must distinguish between the government of Nigeria and President Muhammad Buhari. And so to that extent, I believe that if there is a directive from President Muhammad Buhari, from Alaji Lai Mohammed, from Alaji Abu Bakr Malami, who are members of the executive, its own directive cannot be implemented against citizens of Nigeria or organizations set up under the law to set a personal course. So to that extent, I believe that the NBC will be violating the constitution if it proposes to be implementing a directive from the executive to set two personal issues by any member of the executive. So to that extent, I believe that it is the duty of media organizations to bring their lawyers and file cases in court. I'm glad that CERAP and other individuals and NGOs have taken the initiative to want to institute cases in court to challenge the directive by the NBC, which is illegal. Okay, so Mr. Idachiaba, you know, Malami was asked this question, you know, saying, what laws are Nigerians breaking by being on Twitter? Or what laws are you based on the Twitter ban on? And, you know, his response is that, and I quote him at the time, we're gathering them, that we're gathering alleged offenders and assembling them in court and they will get to know which law they are violating in court. So what law do you think, you know, as a lawyer, what law do you think the AGF might, you know, charge Nigerians who are still on Twitter with? Well, I'm a private legal practitioner. The attorney general is the chief law officer of the Federation. Under him are several other officers, director of public prosecutions, all other respected officers in the office of the Honorable Attorney General. So I cannot enter into the mind of the AG to know which law he is talking about as being the basis for his declaration. But as I speak to you this morning, as a member of the inner bar and a senior advocate of Nigeria, I say it with all sense of responsibility that I am not aware of any law in force in this country presently that makes the use of Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, or any other social media or microblogging platform illegal. And so to that extent, I have told you that section 36 sub 12 of the Constitution says that nobody can be put on trial. Nobody can be convicted. Nobody can be sentenced except in accordance with a law made by the National Assembly or the House of Assembly of the States. So Nigeria is a federation divided into the executive, legislature, and judiciary. Mr. Abu Bakr Malami, SCN, is a member of the executive. The duty of the executive under the Constitution is to implement policies not to make laws. So the declarations of Honorable Attorney General cannot amount to law. The National Assembly is the one that has the power to make such law and no such law exists. And it cannot be made now because it will be targeted to set to a score between the President and Twitter and such law will be unconstitutional. You cannot make a law for the benefit of a single individual to set to a personal score. So I say this morning to all Nigerians and I challenge the Honorable Attorney General to mention the law. You cannot prosecute people based on suspicion. You cannot prosecute people based on your own personal biases. And the Supreme Court has had occasion to make a pronouncement in such manner in 1962, in the case of our co-enfant baby, where a woman was arrested in Malaysia for purportedly committing adultery by cohabiting with a man and she was charged to court and she admitted the offense and she was convicted. And her lawyers went to court and said in the southern part of Nigeria, there is no law against adultery. There is no law against a woman cohabiting with another man. Even if the woman out of fear confessed to their alleged crime, the court was wrong to have convicted her because there was no law. And the Supreme Court said since 1962, up to today, you cannot take a citizen of Nigeria to court based on threats, based on empty declarations without a law. Otherwise, we are back in the Banana Republic. We are back to military dictatorship. We are back to military rule. So I say it honestly. Any Nigeria who has Twitter should go on tweeting. There is no law in Nigeria, as I speak to you presently, forbidding anybody from using any social media. Well, let's also talk about, you know, I think this may be the big one that a lot of people have asked. And it is, does the Attorney General not know that there is no law? You know, basically that can put a person, or put a person for using Twitter. The vice president also is also in the same field. Do they not know that there is no law? Thank you very much. I would like to say with all due respect that the office of the vice president is mainly in charge of economic policies of the nation. So I do not think that I will lay any blame at the feet of the vice president with all due respect. And even the Attorney General, I do not say that he has no right under the constitution being the chief law officer of the country. It's for us to wait. When anybody is charged to court, we will now see which law the Attorney General is referring to. And it's left for the judges to determine whether that law is can ever stand in face of the constitution. But what I'm saying is that Nigeria should not be powered. Nigeria should not be intimidated. Nigeria should not be harassed by empty threats on pages of newspaper or declarations of a minister without any law. And since he could not mention that law, we say that it is because the law does not exist. So I cannot say that he doesn't know the law, because with all due respect, he's a senior member of the bad and he's a very respected member of the executive arm of government. But I am saying that for me, the best way to do anything is to come up open. You cannot be doing prosecution through ambush. There's nothing to hide in Nigeria or you go all over the world. The law should be made known to people. You cannot charge somebody to court based on speculation. So I challenge the Honorable Attorney General and indeed all those who are threatening, those who are using Twitter to just at least cite the law for which anybody would breach, would be in breach if they tweet as we speak this morning. So I cannot say that he doesn't know the law, but I'm challenging him to mention that law so that we can all test it and go to court and ask the court to make a declaration based on the cases that I've mentioned to you, up to the Supreme Court of Nigeria, which has said that you cannot prosecute anybody based on declarations by the executive, unless there is a law made by the National Assembly. And there's no such law as speak this morning. And what would you say should be the role of the National Assembly at a time like this? I am totally off, as I speak to you this morning, that about 48 hours after the executive arm of government is threatening Nigerians with prosecution, with jiggling. The National Assembly has been silent. They couldn't find their voice. And that's why many of us are saying that this assembly is a cost to Nigeria with all due respect. All that they are interested in is their salaries. At the critical time, when the rights of people are at stake, we ought to hear the voice of the Senate president. We ought to hear the voice of the horrible speaker of the House of Representatives on the side of Nigeria, because they were elected on behalf of the people of Nigeria to make laws. And there is no law made by them banning Twitter. So if the executive is trespassing upon their own constitutional responsibility, I expect the National Assembly to rise up and be courageous to speak and say that we don't have a law banning the use of social media in Nigeria so that they can make the matter clear and put Nigerians at a comfortable position. So I am asking all Nigerians in their various constituencies to call their legislators to order and ask them to assert their constitutional responsibility and not throw us into this banana republic scenario where people just wake up and are threatening citizens where there is no such law in existence. All right. Mr. DeGorua, I apologize to interject. I wanted to ask you, you know, final question from me. How this would affect, you know, how the international community perceives us as a country because we know that the United Nations, the U.S., Canada, the EU have all intervened asking Nigeria to guarantee free press. For me, I think the international community should take note that Nigeria is eventually going the way of dictatorship because for you to compare a country like Nigeria with Iran, with North Korea, you know, with China in terms of society countries that have banned Twitter, it's most regrettable. Nigeria is a democratic country. People have died in this country in order to bring democracy. And so we shouldn't go back to the stone ages where we just wake up. According to the personnel in the secrecy of those who are in office, they begin to lead Nigeria as trade. So our international community to continue to insist that Nigeria is a free country in a country where a security has affected businesses, in a country where people do not have access to maximize their potentials. You see that Twitter and this microblogging platform have become a veritable platform for business, especially for the youth. We're going to have about 40 million people. We're going to have about $12 billion at stake in this kind of economy where there is no opportunity, there's no employment. So our international community to hold President Buhari accountable and put pressure on him to lift the ban on Twitter, which is illegal. All right. Thank you very much, Mr. Ebulu, Adi Bulu, a lawyer, robbing minds on the claim by the attorney general to prosecute Nigerians who still tweet on Twitter. Have a great day. Yes. So we'll take a break here and continue conversations about security with the new Chief of Army staff and the retirement of over 20 generals ahead of him. Do stay with us.


In terms of fundraising for technology companies here in startups, it's difficult because you're not in a technology hub and Funding markets actually develop backwards. People think like oh, I'm gonna have angel investors and then series A and series B But that's not how the market develops. The way the market develops is some company bootstraps its way to an IPO Creates a whole bunch of millionaire angels Then those angels the smart ones actually don't invest in seed stage companies They actually invest in companies that are about to go public and then those ones then they form little firms and invest in the ones That are just stepped before that step before that so you de-risk all the way back down to seed level and when you see seed Investing crop up in an area where there's no series A or series B or series C market Then those companies run out of money very fast or you get brain drain where those companies the winners get exported out And they go to Silicon Valley to raise money and they never come back The good news is that Silicon Valley has gotten insanely expensive and we've been saying that for a long time But now it really is experience and the expensive like it might be twice the cost of Manhattan to run a company in Silicon Valley So it's becoming much more accepted now for companies to raise money in Silicon Valley and then go back to their hometowns and spend it You still have the burden and challenge of standing out So it might make sense to have a Silicon Valley or New York office with one founder or key executive there who can build Relationships so you can put to the so you can be part of the trust network in Silicon Valley Which is really what makes financing and capital work there But then build a company here in terms of expansion. I think every Large company in Silicon Valley and every venture investors looking for the next place that has tech talent And so to the extent that you have a strong university system You have a digitally literate populace. You have young people coming up who are Programming and I hope older people who are programming. I think that's very very attractive So in the Bay Area, it's now well accepted that for example, University of Waterloo In Canada stamps out all these amazing engineering students Vancouver has become like a legitimate acceptable hub to have startups or have most of the operations of a startup same with Toronto There are a few of these kinds of places forming and I don't see why Wellington can't be one of those I think it just it takes a little bit of focus and effort But I think Wellington is well within striking range of being a great place to build a startup And you just funnel the money in from Silicon Valley


Let's review four basic things to know to become an expert with the Photoshop Move tool. First, let's locate it. On the left side you will see the toolbar, and the first tool we will work with is the Move tool here. Or you can also access it if you press the letter V on your keyboard. Select the right layer. Photoshop works in layers. They are these as you can see in this section here. A very common mistake is trying to move an object but not having the correct layer selected. Use the Auto Select option. It is in the top left here. When you activate it, you will see that now when you select an object, the layer you are working on is also shaded or selected on the right side as you can see now. Move several layers at once. There are two ways to do it. One, if the layers you want to move appear in sequence, do this. Click on the first layer, and while holding the Shift key, select the last layer you want to move. As you can see, all the layers have been selected and now you can move them. Two, when the layers are not in sequence, do this. Instead of the Shift key, use the Ctrl key or Command on Mac and then just select the layers you want to move as you can see. Now you can move them wherever you want. Move layers to another document. Select the layers you want to move and drag them into the document you want. It is very important that you do not drop your selection of layers until you get to the document where you want to move them and then drop them. And that's it. If you put these tips into practice, you will see that in just a few days you will handle the program with more confidence and in a short time you will become an expert. Burn to Learn is working to help you understand the changes in technology as they happen. Stay in the know. Subscribe today.


But after that much teacher, partee bus it, in that they took silicon.:) And then they got home from his degree. Even though he didn't get himself a certificate and high certificate. So I didn't want to go there. So then go into the distance and explore in those telecoms. Then take for a railway school or a station for him. And away he holds a computer. How was that ? अपनी जदेस्ट्वामा को पक्रिडो करे ले और जिखिनि को ले एकने को प्रक्टिकल को प्राखंगिख को ता और एकने निचिद बाभे आमार सब के को भीजि आमाक होहाए करे लोग. तोईना बाचा.


In the last module we had said that next we are going to discuss a little more about angular momentum. But then as is often the case I had a second thought. So, what we will do is in the next module we are going to discuss angular momentum. But today let us finish up something that is a logical next step of the discussion we have had in the previous module. And that is something very interesting and often very useful. What we learn in this module is how do we draw pictures of spherical harmonics? How do we draw pictures especially of the theta part? To do that we learn something called polar plots. So, polar plots themselves are interesting and useful in many cases. So, this is a corollary of doing this course. You get to learn something that is useful in other fields as well. Just to recapitulate we are discussing rotating diatomic molecule. We have reduced the two body problem to a one body problem by using reduced mass mu. And we have understood that since we are talking about rigid rotor we better use spherical polar coordinates. In spherical polar coordinates r theta phi we have discussed the relationship among between the Cartesian coordinates and the spherical polar coordinates. And we have said that we are going to take r as a constant r0 because we are talking about a rigid rotor. But this theta phi what is theta what is phi these are things that we have discussed in the previous module. And we continue to discuss them in this module as well. So, the point of discussion today starts from here. We know that the wave functions are essentially spherical harmonics product of a phi part and a theta part. And we also said that well we worked out that the phi part is an imaginary part of the wave function where it is a constant multiplied by e to the power im phi.  It is the magnetic quantum number if you want to call it that. And as we see later it stands for the z component of angular momentum. The theta part is essentially associated Legendre polynomials in cos theta. Please remember in cos theta not in theta not in phi not in x, y, z but in cos theta. So, you could say in z actually. So, this is the total wave function some constant multiplied by a polynomial in cos theta multiplied by e to the power im phi. And then we learned that when we make this operator Hamiltonian and we worked out Hamiltonian from l square by 2i knowing the classical relationship and knowing the operator l square or at least what implication it has on this wave functions. We formulated the Hamiltonian to be l square by 2 mu r 0 square again mu is rest mass sorry mu is reduced mass and r 0 is the length of the rigid rotor bond length in case of diatomic molecule. We make this operate on spherical harmonics and knowing that l square operates on spherical harmonics to give us j into j plus 1 multiplied by a constant. We get h square divided by 8 pi square mu r 0 multiplied by j into j plus 1. This eigenvalue of Hamiltonian is the energy in joule the rotational energy and j is a rotational quantum number which ranges from 0, 1 to 1 and so forth. And we also said that generally we like to represent epsilon j in terms of b where b is h by 8 pi square i c when we do that we write it in terms of centimeter inverse and the expression becomes very simply epsilon j is equal to b into j into j plus 1 in centimeter inverse. And then we had said we had worked out these vibrational rotational energies for the different rotational quantum numbers and we found that the first of all of course energy is quantized secondly the energy gap keeps increasing as we go up the ladder but the difference in energy gaps is always 2 b so we have 0 2 b 6 b 12 b this difference is 2 b this difference is 6 b so 6 b minus 2 b is 4 b right. So, so on and so forth we can work this out and we talked a little bit about your rotational spectrum we said that for rigid rotor we expect a an equi-spaced rotational spectrum and from there we can figure out b and hence we can develop an understanding of the bond length of a diatomic molecule modeled by a rigid rotor this is where we got until the last module. Today let us focus on the theta part of the wave function the associated Legendre polynomial multiplied by some constant and here is a table of all the theta parts for j equal to 0 1 and 2 of course you can go higher up that makes no sense. So, what you see is that this theta is really a function of j and mod m it does not matter whether m has a positive value or negative value you get the same theta part of the wave function. So, for j equal to 0 m equal to 0 the wave function is just a constant just a constant for j equal to 1 you can have 3 values of m 0 and plus minus 1 when m is plus minus 1 you get the theta part to be root over 3 by 4 sin theta and when m equal to 0 for j equal to 1 the theta part turns out to be root over 3 by 2 cos theta when j equal to 2 you can have 5 values of m remember m takes up values of minus m 2 plus m through 0 increasing in steps of 1. So, when m equal to plus minus 2 for j equal to 2 we get the theta part of root over 15 by 16 sin square theta when it is plus minus 1 we get root over 15 by 14 sin theta cos theta and for m equal to 0 j equal to 1 we get root over 5 by 8 and I really like this function 3 cos square theta minus 1 I will maybe tell you later why I like this function very much but this is something that keeps occurring in many many places in rigid rotor hydrogen atom NMR spectroscopy solution spectroscopy this 3 cos square theta minus 1 keeps on recurring all the time more about it a little later. Now let us learn how to draw this these functions in a very nice manner of course you can draw it in Cartesian plane but then this one gives you a more unique idea because here the way you draw what is called a polar plot is first of all as you can see this is a polar plot graph paper downloaded from this link as you see it is circular and you have two kinds of coordinates one is an angle you can read here 0 15 degree 30 degree 40 45 degree 60 degrees 1 and so forth in this particular graph paper the angular increment shown is in 15 degrees then we go from 0 degrees to 360 degrees in the graph paper. And so the independent variable is this angle how do you write the dependent variable suppose you want to plot something sin theta cos theta sin theta cos theta whatever there will be a function in theta is not it that function in theta is a dependent variable and the absolute value please remember this this is very important the absolute value of this function of the dependent variable is given by the length and we are going to just take an arbitrary example to start with and then we will show you some polar plots of actual theta parts of wave functions. So just remember that the dependent variable well absolute value of the dependent variable is shown as the length suppose for okay let us go to the example and then we will see what happens when there is a minus sign it is not necessary that the all functions are going to be positive what happens is a minus sign absolute value will still be the length remember if you go from this side to this side the length is still positive it is important to understand the axis here one axis is like this an angle right well like this anticlockwise in this case 0 15 30 like this the other one is just the length I mean if you go instead of going in this direction if you go in this direction it does not mean that the length has become negative length has remained positive just that you have gone through 180 degree suppose let us talk about this line here it does not mean well maybe this line does not mean that this length is negative okay suppose I read this this is still 7 where the circle is right now okay this is still 7 it is just that the angle is 240 degrees please remember the length cannot be negative here so how do we show a change in sign suppose I want to plot sin theta cos theta which we will there will be a change in sign how do we show it we will see we will cross that bridge when we come to it right now let us take one step at a time so what we will do is we will just give you some arbitrary values of some function of theta capital theta for each value of theta and we will go in increments of 15 degrees and we are going to plot it on this graph by the time we are done I hope everybody will understand how to draw polar plots so let us get going let us say that the value of capital theta the function remember capital letter denotes functions small letter denotes variable or coordinate let us say capital theta for theta equal to 0 degree is 6 okay what does that mean 0 degrees is the angle and read of the length that is 6 so this is where we should put a point like this okay theta equal to 0 degrees capital theta is 6 degrees this is where the point comes capital theta is just read of 6 okay next let us say for 15 degrees it is 7 the function capital theta has a value of 7 when theta has a value of 15 degree that means what from here you have to go here 15 degrees and it is marked here how far should we go here along this line so all these lines are radial lines isn't it you see all these lines actually go through the center isn't it so these are basically radii so along the radius a certain length along the radius is what stands for the absolute value of the function in theta so if it is 7 then I have to read of 7 this is where 7 is okay so this is where it will be dependent variable theta equal to 15 degrees and well sorry independent variable theta is 15 degrees and dependent variable capital theta has a value of 7 so this is where the point should come so we put the point there now let us say for theta equal to 30 degrees capital theta is 5 similarly what do we do go from 0 up to 30 degrees capital theta is 5 so read of 5 so that will be this circle so this is where the point should come okay now let us say for 45 degrees uh capital theta is 4 can you try to put the point yourself just put it on your computer or mobile screen with your finger and then when the point comes you can verify whether you have got it right or not have you done it yeah please put the finger where you think the point should come for theta equal to 45 degrees all right this is where it should come okay theta is 45 degrees capital theta is 4 degrees I hope you have put the finger in the right spot if not here is one more chance for 60 degrees I am saying the value of capital theta is 2.5 can you put your finger where theta equal to 60 degrees and capital theta equal to 2.5 would be put a finger on your screen and check whether you put the finger in the right place which is this okay let us say for 75 degrees it is at 1 and I show you where it is it is here and let us say for 90 degrees it is 0 okay I want it to become 0 because I want it to change sign and we also want to discuss what happens when how you show a change in sign okay so this is what it is next let us say 405 degrees where is 105 degrees just go like this 105 degrees this is what it is so it will come somewhere along this line is not it for 105 degrees I am saying that the value of capital theta is minus 1 how do I show it I said the distance is only an absolute value how do I show minus sign well there are two ways first is you can use color or you can just write plus or minus by the time we are done with this plot we are going to do both right now let us change the color from what it was in when capital theta was positive since capital theta is negative when theta equal to 105 degrees we use a different color and put the spot here for 120 degrees it is minus 2.5 so where will it be please remember 125 degrees is this it will not come here because it is negative because that is actually 300 degrees it will has to be somewhere on this line itself and the color has to be that of negative functions so this is it I think I goofed a little bit with this 105 degrees one it is moved a little but it is fine I think you understand 135 degrees I am saying it is minus 4 where will it be put your finger and do not forget the color right and for 150 degrees it is here for 165 degrees it is minus 7 and for 180 degrees it is minus 6 so I have generated a set of fairly symmetric functions okay so what we have learnt is how to make polar plots and how to include sign in polar plots as well because in polar plots as they are there is no provision for sign you have to either use color or write plus and minus in the regions where the function is plus or minus and that is how you get the polar plot one thing I forgot to include in this plot but we have in the subsequent slides is where is the node you can see here obviously node is at 90 degrees yeah so the 90 degrees not only is capital theta 0 but it also changes sign from 1 at 75 degrees to minus 1 at 105 degrees so where is the node theta equal to 90 degrees where is that right here if you draw a line like this that is your theta equal to 90 degree node okay nodes are very important in our discussions that I am going to follow okay before we go to more realistic capital theta functions let me remind you that the range of theta is 0 to 180 degrees only so even though the polar plot graph paper goes all the way from 0 to 360 degrees when talking about some function of theta we should never use the part of the graph paper from 180 degrees to 360 degrees because theta is not and values of theta greater than 180 degrees is not even there right the graph paper has to be more general because suppose you want to plot phi now then what will happen you need to go from 0 to 360 degrees but for theta please do not draw dots on this site also please stop at theta equal to 180 degrees okay you are going to generate functions and I am going to show you you can generate values for theta greater than 180 degrees also but it does not make sense because the upper limit of theta is 180 degrees by definition okay so please remember should not draw anything beyond theta equal to 180 degrees if you if you are drawing a function in phi then it is fine you can go up to 360 degrees you should go up to 360 degrees okay so this is how one draws polar plots now let us go ahead and let us see examples of polar plots of actual spherical harmonics in theta if you might remember that this was one of the wave functions root over 15 by 14 sin theta cos theta okay and what I show you here is the polar plot of this function I have made this diagram ugly by putting this rectangle explicitly just to highlight the fact that there is no theta beyond 180 degrees so you should not draw anything here in fact I used a program graph for generating this plot and graph does not know that I am working with theta so it had actually generated all the way from 0 to 360 degrees we should not when we construct functions of the azimuthal angle theta because as we said several times theta has an upper limit of 180 degrees okay now let us look at this a little closely so at theta equal to 0 degrees what is the value of sin theta what is the value of cos theta value of cos theta is 1 and value of sin theta is 0 so the product sin theta cos theta will of course be equal to 0 so for theta equal to 0 sin theta cos theta equal to 0 where does it become 0 once again well where does sin theta become 0 once again at theta equal to pi theta equal to 180 degrees then again the product is 0 where does cos theta become equal to 0 when theta equal to 90 degrees right and as we see that is really the node okay we will come back to that so where is the node the node is if I write sin theta cos theta equal to 0 sin theta equal to 0 is not a node remember because sin theta equal to 0 at theta equal to 0 and theta equal to pi at theta equal to 0 and theta equal to pi they are like the limits of the universe as far as theta is concerned theta does not exist beyond value of 0 degrees and beyond a value of 180 degrees also so those are sort of the boundaries so those are not nodes so sin theta equal to 0 would not give you the nodes what gives you nodes is cos theta equal to 0 and cos theta equal to 0 means theta is equal to 90 degrees this is what we had sort of mentioned in the previous slide also this here is your node so okay let us convince ourselves in a different way this is from 0 to 90 degrees first quadrant sin theta is positive cos theta is also positive so the product will be positive what about the second quadrant where theta lies between 90 degrees and 180 degrees there sin theta is still positive remember all sin tan cos so sin theta is still positive but cos theta is negative so sin theta cos theta has to become negative so we verify that when you go from theta little less than 90 degree to little more than 90 degree then theta actually goes through 0 and changes sin all right so we have drawn the we have drawn the node let us now write the signs explicitly in the first quadrant we said the sin is going to be positive and the second quadrant sin is going to be negative does this remind you of anything this positive negative business I will help you a little bit by telling you that this thing that we see here is called a lobe so we have a lobe with a plus sign and we have a lobe with a minus sign so the lobe where we have written a plus sign is the lobe in which the wave function capital theta has a positive sign and the lobe where there is a minus sign is a wave function where is a lobe where the wave function has a minus sign okay so the plus and minus is really the sign or phase if you want to put it that way well sin is better I think sin of the wave function in that region great now let me draw let us show you my favorite function 3 cos square theta minus 1 multiplied by some constant all right so we have given you a spoiler by showing you the diagram already but let us explain nevertheless why do we have this color triangle here because remember theta goes from 0 to 180 degrees there is no theta beyond 180 degrees so it makes no sense to try and draw the function in this phase as well so I sort of dotted it out now 3 cos square theta minus 1 it is always easy to work with 0 where is that equal to 0 where cos square theta minus 1 equal to 0 or cos theta equal to 1 by root over 3 is that right cos theta equal to 1 by root over 3 is that right partially right because when we say cos square theta equal to 1 by 3 there is no reason why we should neglect cos theta equal to minus 1 by root 3 so you should consider that also okay so cos theta equal to minus 1 by root 3 will obviously come in the second quadrant the second quadrant because that is where cos theta is negative and you do not have to worry about beyond that because as we said there is no theta beyond 180 degrees okay so where is the node or rather where are the nodes at theta equal to cos inverse well at theta equal to cos inverse 1 by root 3 yeah that gives us node at 54.7 degree and 180 degree is minus 54.7 degree which is 125.3 degree this 54.7 degree is called magic angle and remember at magic angle cos theta equal to 1 by root 3 okay maybe later on if possible we will come back to why what is so magical about this magic angle okay so this is these are the nodes and we have already shown the nodes by the black lines here so then what happens for theta less than 54.7 degrees yeah 3 cos square theta minus 1 is obviously positive right it has a plus sign we put a plus here what happens between theta equal to 54.7 degree and theta equal to 125.3 degree so these are nodes so sign change has taken place and here again sign change will take place so here in this loop the sign is obviously minus and then when you cross the second node again the sign becomes plus okay so this is the kind of picture that we generate for 3 cos square theta minus 1 when we try and draw a polar plot of it and put in the nodes as well okay this is 3 cos square theta minus 1 and you can go back and see for which wave function we get 3 cos square theta minus 1 for which value of j which value of m okay and please do not forget that we are going to encounter exactly same wave functions when we talk about hydrogen atom shortly. Now to conclude this discussion let me show you from this link here the way spherical harmonics are usually designated in textbooks to get this nice looking pictures where this is psi 00 that means j equal to 0 m equal to 0 that psi that y rather is just equal to 1 you normalize it that way y 1 0 is cos theta y 2 0 is 3 cos square theta minus 1 that is what we have worked out y 2 1 is cos theta sin theta sin phi so here this phi term also comes into play what are we doing here how have we generated this picture we have taken what we have obtained earlier and then do not forget theta equal to 0 means this is sort of the z axis is not it so about the z axis you perform a rotation when you do that you essentially scan all values of phi and that is when you generate these 3D pictures okay but remember in this 3D picture what are the coordinates that are there one coordinate is theta fine another coordinate is phi fine the third coordinate is not r the third coordinate is the wave function actually magnitude of wave function and sin here also is shown by this very nice looking colors you can see that this is plus and this is minus and you can see this nodal plane that is there okay so I hope you can relate this picture with the one that we had drawn for 3 cos square theta minus 1 and I hope that you can relate this picture with what we had drawn for your for the earlier one sin theta cos theta but do these pictures remind you of something yeah even if you have never heard of spherical harmonics earlier you have seen pictures that look like this have not you actually you have and I think most of you by now would have remembered where you saw this pictures you saw this pictures when you talked about orbitals and these were touted to be the shapes of orbitals where orbitals were supposed to have been regions of space where probability of finding the electron is maximum so we are going to debunk that definition in the next 2 or 3 well not 2 or 3 next 3 or 4 modules but again let us wait for that what I want to say is that the spherical harmonics we get for rigid rotor look remarkably like the pictures that you are familiar to seeing familiar with seeing for so-called orbitals okay and that is because you have a similar part for hydrogen atom Schrodinger equation have similar solutions okay that concludes for now our discussion on rigid rotor in the next module we will discuss angular momentum and its components in a little more detail then we go on to hydrogen atom


We're here making some tough decisions about what to have to eat. Sometimes that could be the hardest decision of your day, right guys? So let's say we want to have dinner and you want to have what? Chicken nuggets. Chicken nuggets and what do you want to have? French fries. French fries. Well, how do you choose? I think the best way is if everybody in the group ranks their choices and then if your top choice isn't picked, your vote goes toward your second choice. Does that sound fair? Yeah. Okay. What do you think? Yes. That's a good idea. Maybe we should think about this for our elections. Right, choice voting. It represents everyone better.