Hello, in today's class we will be looking at the regression concepts through the working of an example problem. The references are the book written by Draper and Smith titled Applied Regression Analysis Cutner et al applied linear regression models, fourth edition McGraw-Hill and then the prescribed textbook Montgomery and Runger applied statistics and probability for engineers, fifth edition and Montgomery's design and analysis of experiments. The problem statement goes like this, a new washing machine prototype is developed by a company, its unique design enables efficient removal of dirt but at the same time it is felt that the color of the cloth also gets excessively removed during the washing. So the washing machine is subject to some trials where in the color in the washed liquid C is analyzed using a photometer, the variables considered while washing with good quality water are listed as follows, temperature of the water X1, amount of detergent powder used X2, the washing time is set to a standard 40 minutes cycle. The data collected are given in the form of a table below, we have to develop the model, the model is not given to us and if you look at the table, I will first describe, you can see the temperature of water is kept either at 30 degrees or 40 degrees or 50 degrees. In the first 9 readings, the amount of powder used varies between 3 grams to 9 grams. The data table continues and we have temperature at 45 degrees centigrade and 35 degrees centigrade, mass of powder is 4.5 grams and 7.5 grams. The concentration in PPM is also given in the last column. Let us now go to the questions. Before we look at the questions, since the temperature was varying between 30 to 60 degrees centigrade and the mass of the powder was between 3 and 9 grams, there is an approximate one order of magnitude difference between the 2 variables. So it is better if we code the variables. So the variables are coded in the range between minus 1 to 1. So we have to consider a linear regression model involving the main effects only, write down this model, show how the parameters are obtained, present the variance, covariance matrix, construct the ANOVA table, explaining the different calculations, explain how you obtained R squared and adjusted R squared, is there any lack of fit in the model, demonstrate the extra sum of squares approach, build the model sequentially and indicate whether the additional terms are important, show the results for the final model if the coding of the variables had not been done. So we saw the data already, this is the actual data and when you express the data in the coded form, we get a table like this. The lowest setting of temperature is kept at minus 1, the lowest setting of powder used, the weight of powder used rather is also set at minus 1 and the maximum value of temperature is set at plus 1, so all these are minimum and the maximum amount of powder used, which is 9 grams is coded at plus 1. So the intermediate setting is coded 0, similarly the intermediate powder loading in the machine which is 6 grams is coded at 0, we do not touch the colour in the liquid, we keep the data as it is and since we are also doing additional 4 runs at intermediate settings at 45 degrees gets a coding of 0.5 and 4.5, let us see what is minus 0.5 correspond to that is 4.5 grams, so that is coming as minus 0.5 grams, sorry minus 0.5 in the coded format and 7.5 grams is coming as plus 0.5, so 7.5 minus 6 is 1.5 and 9 minus 6 is 3, so 1.5 by 3 is 0.5. So this is how we have coded the different variables or the factors, why do we do the coding, the raw data was varying by about an order of magnitude, so the coefficient in the regression model associated with this raw data would be high and the regression coefficient associated with this raw data of temperature would be correspondingly low and this kind of order of magnitude difference may actually increase, in other words one variable would be in the order of thousands and the other variable would be in the order of fractions, so the difference between the two would be very considerable and the regression coefficients also would correspondingly adjust. So this may lead to wide variation in the estimated regression coefficients, the regression coefficient with the higher number may be in the order of 10 power minus 2 or 10 power minus 3 whereas the regression coefficient associated with the variable which is having very low values would correspondingly be quite high in the order of 10 power 2 or 10 power 3 and this may lead to a kind of an unwieldy model. The problem is also increased if the units are changed by mistake, so this becomes a dimensional equation and when you have a dimensional equation the units are very important. Suppose somebody by mistake puts Kelvin instead of centigrade then the regression would give wrong answers, similarly if the powder by mistake the person puts milligrams then again the wrong results would be obtained but once you do the coding properly and the user is warned that the variables are coded then the problem is solved, it is another advantage of coding, the regression variables become independent of units in the coded format. So let us look at the regression analysis involving the main factors only, so we write down the model, the predicted color is given in terms of beta0 hat plus beta1 hat x1 plus beta2 hat x2, just correct the typo here, this is a very important term in the regression model, it gives the value of the concentration when both x1 and x2 are 0, there is more to this beta0 hat which we will see in the coming slides. So the next part of the question is show how the parameters are obtained, we first express the data in the matrix form which I will show in the next few slides and once the x prime x matrix is set up then we take the inverse of the x prime x matrix and we also take the x prime y matrix and we pre multiply the x prime y matrix with the x prime x inverse and we get the vector of the estimated parameters. So we have the x matrix, the first column is the column of 1 and the second column is having minus 1 1 minus 1 1 minus 1 1.5 minus 0.5 0.5 minus 0.5 and the third column is having data like this. So all of them are coded and the y matrix represents the concentrations recorded at each experimental setting. So when you add up the elements of the first column we will get the number 13 because there are 13 settings in the experimental program 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. So we have 13 elements in the first column and we also have 13 observations here in the y column vector. This shows that 13 experiments have been carried out. So when you take x prime x, x prime here would correspond to changing columns into rows and rows into columns. So that would be the transpose of x. When you take x and pre multiply it with the transpose of x, x prime, we get x prime x and that comes to nicely 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0. So this is very nice matrix because there are no off diagonal elements.  A matrix inverse is so defined that when you multiply a given matrix with its inverse you should get the identity matrix. So we obtain the inverse of this x prime x matrix by taking 1 by 13, 1 by 7 and 1 by 7. You also have the x prime y matrix which is given by these 3 row elements and we can also find out the beta hat, the parameters for the regression model which is x prime x inverse x prime y and we get beta hat as these numbers. I request you to do these calculations on your own and make sure that the answers I am getting are matching with your answers. And what is the significance of beta not hat when the experimental observations are put in the coded format, the experimental settings are rather put in the coded format. We are not putting the response in the coded format, only the experimental settings are put in the coded format. We carry out the regression parameter estimation and we get the different parameters. We get beta not hat as 187.27. This means that the average of the responses is 187.27. This is not true for the uncoded case. Please note the important distinction when we code it the way I have shown, we get the average as the beta not hat, that is the average response. Now you can present the variance covariance matrix V in the following form. This we saw in one of the previous lectures and the variance of the regression parameter or the regression coefficient is given by the diagonal terms of the variance covariance matrix multiplied by sigma squared. So variance of beta hat j is equal to Cjj sigma squared and then we have also the covariance between two regression coefficients or regression parameters beta hat i and beta hat j is given by Cij sigma squared. So beta hat 0, or beta hat not, beta hat 2, i is equal to 0 and j is equal to 2. So we are looking at the Cij C0 2 and C0 2 into sigma squared, that gives a covariance between the two parameters. And you can also see that C0 2 will match with C0 2 here. This should be actually written as C0 2 and this is C2 0. If you number the rows from 0, 1 and 2 but the matrix is symmetric, the variance covariance matrix is symmetric and so C0 2 will match with C2 0. Similarly C0 1, C0 1 here will match with C1 0. So they are pretty much written as C0 1 itself and so on. So the important thing to note here is the diagonal elements of this matrix give the variances of the appropriate regression parameters whereas the off diagonal terms give the covariance between a pair of regression parameters. So now we can present the variance covariance matrix in terms of numbers. We found x prime x inverse as 1 by 13 0 0 0 1 by 7 0 0 0 1 by 7 sigma squared. But we hit a roadblock here, we are unable to get a value for sigma squared because sigma squared is not provided. So we have to do with the best estimate of sigma squared. So we will use an estimated sigma squared. The sigma squared of course refers to the error variance which is assumed to be constant. The errors are assumed to be normally distributed with 0 mean and constant variance sigma squared. So that sigma squared is known to us in many situations. So we have to have an estimate of this sigma squared. First let us find the residual sum of squares. We use the mean square residuals as surrogate for sigma squared. So to find the mean square residuals, we need to find the residual sum of squares, divide the residual sum of squares by the degrees of freedom for the residual sum of squares and we get the mean square residuals. So we have y prime y is equal to 494813.74. How did we get y prime y? We go back to the y vector here, we take the transpose of this vector. You can visualize that all these column elements becoming row elements when you take the transpose of y. Then you multiply y prime with y. What will then happen is you are essentially finding out 234 squared plus 257.5 squared and so on. So all the elements in the response vector are squared and added to get y prime y. You may verify this by doing the calculations yourself. So that takes care of y prime y. The residual sum of squares we saw is given by y prime y minus beta hat prime x prime y. And sometimes the residual sum of squares may also be called as the error sum of squares because that represents the deviation between the experimental value and the model prediction and that represents the error. We also distinguish this residual sum of squares from the pure error sum of squares that we saw in the previous lecture. Pure error is obtained from repeated measurements. So we have beta hat prime x prime y as 490988.15. What is that beta hat prime x prime y? We estimated the parameters beta hat, we take the transpose of this and then we multiply with x prime y matrix and that gives us the regression sum of squares. It is important to note that this regression sum of squares includes the contribution from the beta not regression coefficient. So we subtract y prime y with beta hat prime x prime y, we get sum of squares of the residuals as 3825.59. The degrees of freedom for the mean square error or mean square residuals is n minus p which is 13 minus 3. You have 3 parameters estimated from the regression. You have 13 experimental observations. So we have 10 degrees of freedom for the mean square error and the residual sum of squares we saw from the previous slide as 3825.59 and that you divided by 10 the degrees of freedom attached to the residual sum of squares and we get 382.56. So an estimate of the error variance given by sigma hat squared is the mean square of the residuals which is 382.56 or sigma hat is equal to 19.56 and now we can estimate the variance of the different regression parameters because we have plugged in instead of sigma squared we have used sigma hat squared and sigma hat squared was 382.56. Now we can easily estimate the variance of the individual regression parameters. There is no problem with the covariance systems because they are all identically 0. So once we have this 382.56 divided by 13 is approximately 30 and that is what we have here because 13 into 30 is 390 and then the variance of beta hat 1 is 382.56 divided by 7 which would be 54.65 that is fine and variance of beta 2 hat is also 54.65 because these 2 elements are identical and covariance between a pair of regression parameters is 0. Once we get the variance of the different parameters we can find the standard error of the different parameters and we take the square root of these variances and we get 5.425, 7.4 and again 7.4. We can compare these estimated standard errors with beta 0 hat, beta hat 1 and beta hat 2, beta hat 0, beta hat 1, beta hat 2. So we can see that these values are quite okay except for this particular term here the parameter is minus 6 and here we have 7.393 that is a cause for worry. As far as the first regression coefficient is concerned the others are looking okay. It is about 1 tenth of the estimated parameter value. So we can construct the ANOVA table explaining the different calculations. So for doing this we need the total sum of squares, regression sum of squares and the error sum of squares. The total sum of squares by now should be very easy for you to find it is simply the deviation of Yi with respect to the average value of the responses that is Y bar we take the deviation square them, we take every deviation, square every deviation and then add them up. So we get i is equal to 1 to n Yi minus Y bar whole square where n is the number of experiments performed which is 13, Yi is the experimental response and Y bar is the average of the experimental responses in this case it comes to 187.277. So we total this number and we can also write Yi minus Y bar whole square as Y prime Y minus i equals 1 to n Yi whole square by n. Actually you can show this term upon expansion as sigma i equals 1 to n Yi square minus n Y bar square. Let me just use the board to expand it and then show what happens and why we get this particular term. So we get this particular expression without any problem, main thing is you may wonder how we got Yi square minus n Y bar square that is again very straight forward we expand it, sigma i is equal to 1 to n this is one half of the story and this would be Yi square minus 2 Yi Y bar plus Y bar square and this becomes sigma Yi square i equals 1 to n minus 2 sigma Yi Y bar plus n Y bar square that is because we are adding a constant term n times and this becomes sigma Yi square minus this can be written as n Y bar plus n Y bar square and so that is what we get here. So the total sum of squares becomes 38869.34 sometimes you may see different value for total sum of squares you may see the value as 494813.7 and that you may calculate as the total sum of squares but in some places the total sum of squares may be reported as 38869.34. Reason is we are having an actual total sum of squares which is Y prime Y and after we adjust the total sum of squares for the beta hat not then the sum of squares becomes the lower value. So to account for beta not parameter we subtract the actual total sum of squares with n Y bar square we know that if beta not is the only regression coefficient considered then that will become an average of the responses. So beta not will take on the value will take up the value of the average of the responses and the sum of squares contribution from beta not would be n Y bar square where n is the number of experiments and to account for beta not we subtract n Y bar square from the actual total sum of squares Y prime Y and that is why we get 38869.34. So we are removing the effect of beta not from our regression analysis. Similarly for the regression the total regression sum of squares is given by beta prime hat X prime Y and to remove the regression contribution from beta not hat we again subtract n Y bar square and the sum of square of regression due to parameters beta 1 hat and beta 2 hat is given by 35043.74. So this is where you have to be careful you have to see in which situations beta not hat is present. Now we are coming to regression sum of squares previously we were looking at total sum of squares. In the current analysis we are removing the effect of beta hat not. The total sum of squares we removed n Y bar square to remove the effect of beta hat not from the total sum of squares. Similarly we also have to remove the influence of beta hat not from the regression sum of squares. We know that the regression sum of squares is given by beta hat prime X prime Y. To remove the influence of beta hat not we simply subtract n Y bar square again from beta hat prime X prime Y and the sum of squares of regression becomes 305043.74. Now we can write down the different contributions in the ANOVA table and we have the regression source of variation excluding the effect of beta not as 35043.74. The degrees of freedom corresponds to beta hat 1 and beta hat 2 both of which are independent and so we have 2 degrees of freedom here and the mean square is obtained by dividing the sum of squares with the degrees of freedom. The residual sum of squares is also computed. The residual sum of squares is given in the second row. It is the difference between the total sum of squares and the regression sum of squares. If you are computing the total sum of squares without removing the contribution from beta hat not then you should also compute the regression sum of squares without excluding the effect of beta hat not. On the other hand if you are computing the total sum of squares by excluding the effect of beta hat not then from the regression sum of squares also you should remove the effect of beta hat not. So it is a question of whether you are subtracting n Y bar square from the total sum of squares and regression sum of squares. If you are subtracting it from the total sum of squares you also subtract it from the regression sum of squares. The difference between the regression sum sum of squares and the total sum of squares or rather it is other way around. The difference between the total sum of squares and the regression sum of squares will give you the residual sum of squares which in this case is 3825.59. The degrees of freedom for residual sum of squares would be n-p where n is the number of external observations which is 13 and p is the total number of parameters beta hat 0, beta hat 1 and beta hat 2. So we have 3 parameters p is equal to 3 and so n-p will be equal to 10, 13-3. So 10 and so the mean square is obtained by residual sum of squares divided by 10. We get 382.56. So we have the total sum of squares excluding beta 0 based on adding these 2 and we have the total degrees of freedom which is 12. We had 13 data points since we excluded the effect of beta 0 regression coefficient, we have 12 degrees of freedom. We have the residual sum of squares given as the difference between the external observation and the predicted values and that is squared and added. So every experimental observation is subtracted with the corresponding predicted value that deviation is squared and all such deviations are added to give the total residual sum of squares and that may be shown to be equal to y prime y-beta hat prime x prime y and here we are subtracting n y bar squared in both these terms and that is also another way of finding the residual sum of squares where you are correcting for beta 0 parameter. Anyway it does not matter with the residual sum of squares and we get 382.56 whether you add and subtract this n y bar squared or do it directly but one thing you have to be very careful is when you are calculating the residual sum of squares you cannot use the total sum of squares uncorrected for beta 0 and regression sum of squares corrected for beta 0. Then you will get a wrong residual sum of squares. So you correct total sum of squares for beta 0 you also correct regression sum of squares for beta 0 the difference between the 2 will give you the correct residual sum of squares or you take the total sum of squares directly you take the total regression sum of squares the difference between the 2 will give you the residual sum of squares. So correcting for one term for the beta 0 and not correcting the other term for beta 0 will lead to the wrong estimate of residual sum of squares. So this is to be carefully kept track of. So now we have the numbers in the ANOVA table. We have the source of variation, regression and residuals. Sum of squares are also noted here and the degrees of freedom are given here and the mean square values are put here. So the regression sum of squares is 35043.74 that we saw previously 35043.74 and the residual sum of squares is 3825.56. Another thing again I am warning you here is the regression sum of squares is excluding the contribution from the beta 0 parameter. So that is what we did when we calculated the regression sum of squares. And the residual sum of squares are given here. We have 2 parameters since beta 0 is excluded. We have parameters beta 1 and beta 2. So you have 2 degrees of freedom here and you have 10-p degrees of freedom which is 13-3 and that is 10 and the mean square is obtained by dividing the sum of squares with degrees of freedom. So you get 17521.87 and 3825.56. The ratio of these 2 will give 45.8. Without any further testing we can be reasonably sure that this is lying in the rejection region. This statistic is lying in the rejection region because the regression sum of squares is about 50 times higher than the residual sum of squares. So we cannot really say that the 2 contributions are similar. If it is let us say in the order of 382.56 so this is around 400 and if you had got the regression sum of squares also as 500 or 600 then the 2 would have been quite comparable. But this is 50 times more. The regression sum of squares is 50 times more than the residual sum of squares. So the contribution to the total variation from the regression sum of squares is 50 times more than the residual sum of squares. So we have reasons to believe that the regression sum of squares is definitely contributing towards explaining the variation in the observed responses. And the critical value is only 4.103 and hence this F naught statistic is much higher than that and so it is lying in the critical in the rejection region rather and so we reject the null hypothesis which says that regression contribution is 0. It is first easy to find the R squared the coefficient of determination. R squared is obtained by seeing the fraction of regression sum of squares to the total sum of squares. So the regression sum of squares is 35043.74 and the total sum of squares would be the contribution of 35043.74 and the contribution of 382.56 that number we have already that is 38869.34. So the sum of squares total is 38869.34 and the regression is 35043.74. So we can take regression sum of squares with the total sum of squares and that would give us R squared that can be verified. So let me write down the R squared value. So this is what we get as R squared the coefficient of determination. Then we have to find the adjusted R squared. The adjusted R squared is obtained by using the mean square error and the mean square total. We get the mean square error by dividing the sum of squares of the residuals by n-p and the mean square total is obtained by dividing sum of squares of total with n-1. So we are penalizing the R squared for adding more parameters and you can see that when more parameters are added the degrees of freedom for the error would actually decrease and the term in the numerator will increase and that would reduce the actual R squared value. And so we are adjusting the R squared value for adding more parameters and that is why it is called as adjusted R squared and so we have 1-3825.56 that is the residual sum of squares divided by n-p13-3 that is 10 and this is the total sum of squares divided by the degrees of freedom which is not 13 because one is used up for finding the mean of the observations. So we have this ratio and we get 0.882 and these are the values which are tabulated in the, in this slide and you can see that adjusted R squared is less spectacular when compared to the coefficient of determination it is 0.882 which is lower than 0.9016. Sometimes the discrepancy between these 2 may be quite high. So now we have to do the lack of fit analysis. We do not have a prior estimate of pure error or repeated measurements to get an independent estimate of pure error from which the lack of fit sum of squares may be computed. So for computing the lack of fit we have to actually partition the residual sum of squares into lack of fit sum of squares and pure error sum of squares. So for doing the partitioning exercise we need to have an idea about the pure error. Unfortunately in this experimental sequence the repeats were not carried out. Maybe the people who are running the experiments thought they will get identical values if they repeat the experiments so they did not carry out the repeats. So an independent estimate of the pure error could not be obtained. So as I was explaining in the previous lecture we have the residual sum of squares split into lack of fit sum of squares and pure error sum of squares. We get the mean square lack of fit and mean square pure error and we compare the mean square lack of fit with mean square pure error and make the appropriate conclusions. If mean square lack of fit is much higher than mean square pure error then the model developed is inadequate. But if these two are comparable then the model is adequate and both of them are independent estimates of sigma square. So what we may do is we can artificially create repeats and let us see the trouble created by artificially creating the repeats. We will consider modeling only the intercept and x1. So we are ignoring the effect of x2. We are ignoring the effect of the amount of powder used in the machine and if we ignore that let us see what happens. Then the model we are testing is c hat is equal to beta 0, beta hat 0 plus beta hat 1 x1. This entire procedure looks very suspicious and that is going to be justified in the next set of calculations. But what it does show is suppose you had started with this model what would have been the lack of its sum of squares. Even though this procedure is based on the assumption that x2 is not significant which we do not know yet. So what we have to do is see what is going to happen if we assume a priori that x2 is not going to have an effect. And so we will only test with this model. Then it is as if we are hiding this particular column totally and it then appears that we have repeats here. For example this is 30, 40, 50, 30, 40, 50, 30, 40, 50. So it appears as if we have repeated the experiment not once but 2 times. That means we are having 3 repeated observations. So it looks very nice and if you go further you have 2 repeats 45 and 45 here, 35 and 35 here. So it looks as if we have solved the problem by ignoring the effect of the mass of powder used. But we do not know whether that is the correct procedure because the mass of powder used may have an important implication in the process. So just let us take a look at the repeated sets. We will take a look at it here. We will compare these 2 45 degrees and you are seeing on one hand it is 226.9, on the other hand it is 141.4. So when you do repeats you are getting 141 and then you are getting 226 or 227. So almost 2 times variation is there between these 2 readings. And even if you compare this 35 with this 35, 162 appears to be very far from 218. So if this was 140 and this was 160 it is okay. If this was 160 and this was 170 or 150 it is okay. That may be because of random fluctuations. But this looks to be a too large a random fluctuation, too large a fluctuation to be ascribed to random phenomena. Let us go back to the table and we will see that for conditions of 30 you have 234 and you have 194 and another 30 is 150. So for the same experimental condition of 30 degrees centigrade the colour varies from 153 to 234. That is a huge difference. So by just looking at the data itself we can see that ignoring the mass of powder was not such a good idea. What is, what it is doing is it is exaggerating the role played by experimental error. So there is also a moral in this story. If you are doing experiments and you find when you repeat the experiments that you get large variations in the repeats then there is probably another factor influencing the process response which you have not identified. So you should rather than doing more and more repeats and getting more and more variability. See what is the factor in the experiment which is actually causing this different variabilities that should be your focus. So we will put the data in the coded format. You can see that the black colours are all –1, –1, –1 they represent one set of conditions 0, 0, 0 they represent another set of conditions 1, 1, 1 which are coded in red they correspond to another set of repeated conditions, pseudo repeated conditions. And the other column is white and out and similarly you have Tc which is 0.5 and 0.5 and you also have Tc – 0.5 and – 0.5. So you have 2 repeat conditions here. So you have 5 sets of repeated data. These are 2 sets of repeated data and then in this slide you have 3 sets of repeated data. So totally we have 5 sets of repeated data. So you have the reduced model c hat is equal to beta hat 0 plus beta hat 1 x1 and we can again calculate the parameters regression sum of squares, residual sum of squares and so on. So we have the new x matrix where we have contribution only from the x1 regressor variable or we have contributions only from temperature expressed in the coded format. We have removed the column containing the coded values for the mass of detergent powder used. When we look at the column vector y it can be seen that the responses are the same as before. We have not made any modification to the responses column vector. Only thing is we have removed the second column from the x matrix. From the original x matrix we get the new x1 matrix which contains the vector of once and then the coded values for temperature. So we can carry out the exercise and that is not going to be very difficult. We can see that the x1 prime x1 matrix would be 13007, x1 prime y would be 2434.6 – 42 and then we have the inverse of this matrix which is 1 by 13 and 1 by 7 and then we get the parameters 187.27 and – 6. It is very interesting to note that even though we have removed the effect of the mass of detergent we are getting the same otherwise same x1 prime x1 matrix, x1 prime y matrix and then the inverse is also 1 by 13, 1 by 7. We had an additional 1 by 7 as the diagonal element that is no longer present and then we also have the parameters which are the same as before. We have 187.27 and – 6. Let us just go back a few slides and we will see that these values are exactly the same for the first 2 entries. So we have, so in the x1 prime x1 matrix we do not have the last 7. When you look at the x1 prime y matrix we do not have the last entry here. We have 2434.6 and – 42. Then x prime x inverse matrix we have 1 by 13, 1 by 7 and beta hat we have 187.27 and – 6. We do not have – 70.5. So the values are exactly the same as before and this shows the advantage of doing the analysis in the coded format. We have an orthogonal design which I will talk about in my next lecture. So we have the data as I had presented. So we will do further analysis of these results in the coming lecture. Thank you for your attention.


Occasionally I fly from Seattle where I live to my hometown in the Midwest and I've noticed that there are fewer types of waste bins at each airport I go to. In Seattle there are three trash recycling and compost. Most airports where I usually transfer through it's down to two trash and recycling. In my hometown the only bin goes to the landfill. My hope is for a country that has three well utilized waste bins everywhere.


Talking about the nation's economy, the federal government has been advised to find a lasting solution to the foreign exchange crisis in the country. The advice formed part of suggestions dropped by the state commissioner for budget and economic planning while answering questions from Niesben on the sidelines of a reception organized by the Christ school, old student, 8384 set. In his honor, he said the current challenge is coupled when the removal of fuel subsidy has necessitated the government at all levels to take steps that will improve export, encourage farming and stimulate the economy. Others are the event called on leaders across the country to encourage discipline and shown extravagant lifestyles. The foreign exchange market is simply that of demand and supply, even though policy could make some bit of difference and also how the government chooses to manage the market may affect the rate. I think ultimately as a country we need to generate more dollars. The most fitting solution is for us, even though it is going to be a slow one because we cannot increase export immediately to be able to. That's the longest time solution that we can provide, which is to ensure we become productive and we can export goods and services to the government. The aim to bring discipline that is not based on commitment to politicians, people who supported them to contest elections and things like that. So they will do their work. And the politicians will have their own ways, but if they can do the work and deliver as expected by the government.


Good morning traders, Patrick Munley here with another technical charter and draw your attention today to developing opportunity in the Kiwi Canadian Dollar. We had a rising trend line here, price moving through to the upside. We broke that trend line and we've since pulled back in a three-wave corrective pattern into the 78.6% retracement area. We had a bearish reversal from the volatility resistance bands. We've since taken out the ascending trend line support. I now look for a breach of weekly range support at the 87.75 to encourage bearish exposure, initially targeting move down to monthly range support at 86, and then the equality objective at the 84.96. As always, traders, plan the trade, trade the plan, most importantly, manage your risk. Until next time, thanks very much.


Phyto-thermal fissure-tropsch synthesis represents a promising strategy for converting CO into value-added chemicals. Here the authors report a RU1-Co single-atom alloy catalyst for CO-phytohydrogenation to see 5-plus liquid fuels at ambient pressure, and confirm the role of RU single atoms in promoting CO activation and CC coupling whilst suppressing CHX overhydrogenation. This article was authored by Jiechi Zhao, Jin Jiu Liu, Zhenhua Li, and others.


Hello everybody, Andrew Maeski here with Dental L. Happy holidays depending on when you are watching this video It might look a little bit silly if it's not around the holidays Because I have my holiday sweater on so you might be wondering what the heck is she wearing? But it's almost Christmas hence the holiday sweater just in case you're curious So you have hopped on to learn about how to start your your own dental hygiene practice Now I have started my own. It's been a couple months now I had my first official grand opening a couple weeks ago. It's the most amazing thing ever I don't know why I didn't start this sooner But now I want to help everybody else who wants to start their own practice Their own dental hygiene practice and how to do that because I I have learned so much along the way I made a lot of mistakes. I spent money that I might not have had to spend I Could have spent more in other places, you know just that kind of thing where It's just not that popular of a thing right now Dental hygienists in Ontario. So this is specific to Ontario depending on where you're watching this You might not be able to open up your own practice because we all Have different rules where we are working so keep that in mind But in Ontario we have been allowed to open up our own practice since 2007 I was still in school at that point So clearly that was not happening and I wanted to get a lot of experience first I'm at the point in my life where I want to work less But I want to make as much money as I can working the hours that I'm working and doing my own thing I have said this to so many people. I'm just not meant to work for somebody else. I'm not I Have owned my own Tutoring company where I tutor dental hygiene and dental assisting students since 2005 I Teach as well. I just I just help people be the best dental professional that they can be with Passion because I find there's too much negativity in this business It depends on who you talk to the sad thing is a lot of students or potential students talk to certain Dental hygienists who might not like the profession. They're tired. They're worn out and they basically tell them don't do it Don't go to school to be either a dental assistant or a dental hygienist And I think that's horrible because it's a great career But you have to be passionate and you have to work for an office. That's amazing too There aren't such amazing offices out there. You have to be careful But that's like in any occupation But that's why I am starting my own thing my own dental L mobile hygiene business And I want to teach as many people as I can to start their own business also now I do suggest that if you are a new graduate don't even think about it yet get your experience first You know get as much experience as possible because I learned so much being a dental assistant first I was a dental receptionist also for about a year that has helped me tons Learning about insurance learning about claim forms dental assistants helped me Know the different types of you know sterilizers Knowing where to order things from just kind of things that as a dental hygienist You don't have to do typically so even if you learned how to do them you forget So all of that has helped me so much. I have a 14 years experience now So, you know what? It was my time to start my own thing and again I want to help as many people as possible. So I have actually started my own course It's an amazing course. It is called a dental LRDH for obviously Registered dental hygienist. So if you are interested in opening up your own practice, let me know sign up It's all right there. You will see me talking about it me You know teaching about it me offering helpful tips what to do what not to do and I had literally Started recording videos from day one, you know sharing my experiences I even have a video of me coming back from getting my $30,000 small business loan. I have a video of me talking about. Oh my goodness I just met with a Patterson rep and I'm going to throw up How much money I just spent on a sterilizer, you know, so I talk about all of that. I am True, I am real I tell you the good the bad the ugly the Amazing and just things that I have learned along the way because I have been This has been in the works my own business for a couple months now and I have seen a lot of patients I've made some mistakes. I have done some amazing things So I want to share all of that and help other people because I want to be as Transparent as possible because that's what I had a hard time with when I was looking for somebody to talk to just to offer Advice on starting my own business. There was no dental hygienist out there who was willing to take the time to talk to me I hate to say that it counts. It sounds kind of sad I don't mean for it to sound like a pity party, but nobody wanted to really answer my questions I think they saw me as competition. I don't know but even now um my good Hygiene friend Kathleen if you are watching this hello, I am talking to her about starting up her own thing She is I guess my competition, but we don't see it like that because she's from a different area She sees different patients even if she was in the same city as me a kitchen or waterloo It doesn't matter because there's so many people out there so many people that we can help So we have talked a ton like back and forth, you know helping each other out with our own businesses So I want to help all of you out but inside my dental LRGH course It's not just about starting your own practice. It is talking about being a dental hygienist It is talking about tax time. It's talking about how to talk to patients about plaque, tartar, stain gingivitis, perio. I Talk about what to do if you work for a horrible office how to get through it and maybe it's time for you to quit You know, I just talked about everything like I said the good the bad the real the amazing I talk about it You guys I have no shame. I just help with everything I'm a teacher also So I will also talk about you know things that you might want to know of like let's talk about the Differences between the piezo and the capitron. I prefer the piezo and I talk about why Let's talk about medical emergencies. Let's talk about special needs patients So this course is not only for if you want to open up your own practice, but it is for every Dental hygienist out there if you have just started out if you have 20 years experience I just talk about everything you guys I do and I make it fun I make it exciting because we all need to support one another We need the passion to work for our patients and get excited because we see patients who are nervous They are scared, but after a 10 hour day not having lunch, you know Having to wake up tomorrow at 7 30 to start work again. We might not be on our best I guess behavior seeing these patients that need us to be top notch So I help to give you guys passion. Okay, but at the same time I do help you if you need help if you need help looking for another office If you need help with your resume if you need help with hey, can you just look at the resume see if it's any good I help you guys with everything. Okay, because another thing that I'm starting to notice is in Facebook groups There's a lot of negativity any question you tend to ask myself included I have asked questions and I get beaten up Basically with oh, how come you don't know this answer or we're not helping you because you just want to help your business or something I remember posting About hey guys, I'm just excited to share I have opened up my own a dental l mobile hygiene business and this was in the group Ontario dental hygienists Ontario hygiene network Ontario dental hygiene network something like that and the admin blocked me she blocked me and kicked me out because she says that I was advertising my business and All I wanted to do was to share that I did open up my own dental l mobile hygiene business And I was excited and I wanted to give that encouragement for others to do the same But I got blocked and kicked out so I kind of feel online these days You can't always share or ask the questions that you want to but in my course my dental l RGH course you have that Full Information you can ask questions We meet online once a month to just talk about anything and it might even be more than that You know depending on how many people sign up I am more than happy to even meet once a week to just kind of talk about whatever it is You want to talk about and students are welcome. So please come on in Yeah, you guys. So thank you for watching happy holidays again. Merry Christmas. Um, the dental l RGH course is on sale now So come on in it's a one-time fee for life. So you know what it's totally worth it Think of it as a business expense you guys come tax time. It is a business expense So I am excited to see you all inside. I will probably do a live Video with those members shortly to just kind of say hello and ask some questions. So thank you guys I will see you guys very very soon


What is that free will? Because God will allow you to bring your head up against a wall, right? I mean, in the sense that when I'm talking about when I used to operate within my will, go down this track that wasn't in the flow, wasn't really listening to my intuition or was just denying all this and operating by the world system. I went all the way, you know? And in most regards, we're very, very successful. Trapping is a success that is, but very empty, lost. So is that free will that you're talking about there? The choice, I mean, is that in the sense that battle within what we think we need and what we think we want to create versus really viking off of that ego, because it was all egoic. Call it bravado. It's not really brave. It was just an appearance of operating within the world and a choice to detach from that and really go within. Because when you're talking about who is the author of me and those choices, I mean, there is the will, right? The is free will choice in that sense. Well, we have to look at those terms pretty closely, because that's one of the common sayings that you hear is, well, God created us with free will. And it's true, God did give us free will, but it's not what we think of this. So when we have will associated with choice, then that's where the distortions come in. That was one of the things that I used to wrestle with for many years. And I remember I was reading the clarification of terms and, of course, the miracles. And it said, yes, God created you with free will and that there is no free will in this world. So I was like, oh, OK, let's look at that a little closer. No free will in this world. And then it said, God's will for you is perfect happiness. That made sense. It's like, if God was going to will something for me, I want to know what it is. Perfect happiness. Ooh, I like that. Perfect happiness. And then if you put together what I just said, that there's no free will in this world, there's no perfect happiness in this world. The good news is, once we forgive the world, we can come pretty close to perfect happiness. But still, the world was like a cover or a denial of this free will, perfect happiness. So we might say that in this world, even though there's no free will, the closest approximation of that idea of free will for perfect happiness in this world that's left, what do we have left here is choice. So basically, the parameters of choice are basically whether we're going to align with our higher self, our intuitive self, the Holy Spirit in Christian terms, or whether we're going to align up with the ego, the imposter, the false self, the lie. We can line up with one or the other. And basically, every moment, that's basically the range of our choice, even though it seems like on the projected world that there are a menu of options. I can choose where I want to live. I can choose to have a partner or to be single. I can choose to live in a house or a hut or on a boat. And there seems to be a wide menu of choices in the dream world. But actually, that's part of a trick as well. Keep in mind, using its power of choice among a bunch of images that are even real in the first place was kind of a waste of choice. And a lot of us have pushed the envelope with that, OK. I've got a little band of time here between birth and death. And I can choose whatever I want. So I'm going to choose, choose, choose.  We think, well, I've got to get good at choosing here. Maybe I just kind of got the right configuration. How's that one? How's that one? How's that one? We tried and tried and tried to get the right configuration of the images. And the reason it's so exhausting, frustrating, at times lonely, isolating, depressing, on and on and on is because we're still trying to use choice where it doesn't really have an application. It would be like having a great tool, but not having anything worthwhile to use the tool with. You're given a shovel to dig, and you're on a concrete parking lot. And it's like, damn, the shovel is not working very well here. It doesn't have an application. And that's what happens when we take choice and we try to apply it among the images. So what he's saying, welcome. Come on in. What he says in the course is you can choose your state of mind. Any instance you have power of choice, you can choose your state of mind. You can choose the way that you look upon the world. You can choose your perception. You can choose which advisor you're going to listen to, the ego and the Holy Spirit. But that's your whole range right there. Your range is set between your higher self, your intuition, and this imposter self. And you're choosing between the higher self and the imposter self every single moment of every single day. And the range is set. Well, once you start to realize that, then you become less concerned about the pseudo choices of the world. Am I going to do this? Am I going to do that? In this world, those pseudo choices can take on immense importance. Like, do I leave or do I stay? Ooh, big time choice. Do I leave or do I stay? It doesn't matter whether it's with a relationship, a job. Some of you maybe even felt that with Kalani. Do I leave or do I stay? Or do I leave for a while and come back? But it seems to be like a big issue when actually, that's another one of those. Do I leave my old life? Yeah. Do I leave my old life? Do I reconfigure in a whole different way? Do I strip everything away?  I don't know that. Yeah, exactly. I want a new life. We can't call it also view as a positive thing. I mean, we focus on the negative ones. But what about choosing happiness? What about enjoying the decisions that you have to make? What about enjoying making something beautiful? Those are choices we have to make that are part of that ego world that can be fun and joyful, which is kind of what I think is, if you can get to those choices while we're playing this game, while we're in this movie, while we're in this movie. Yeah, you mentioned the happiness choice. What it is, is the ego has invented a world where you can search for happiness in those decisions. But just like Jesus taught, seek and you shall find. Knock and the doors will be open. The ego's version of its plan of salvation is seek and do not find. So what happens is we all, of course, we try. I mean, all of us have tried those, and I tried them, and I'm sure everyone has. We try for that happiness. We think, well, I'm going to go for this.  And maybe it will, in a temporary way. I mean, I think a lot of us, when we've got the job that we've dreamed of, maybe since we were a little child, we dream of a particular position. And we finally work hard at it, and we attain it. And there's like a high, there's a happiness that seems to come with that, that lasts for a while. It usually doesn't last for a long while. I mean, it lasts for some people longer than others. But there's a bit of like, OK, what's next? Kind of like, I've got to that goal. I've achieved it. But I haven't found a lasting happiness or a lasting contentment. So the reason there's no lasting contentment in the ego's plan is because the ego doesn't know what happiness is. We've heard the truth is within you, the kingdom of heaven is within you. It's just covered over by all these false concepts and pursuits. So yeah, I tell people, when people say to me, they say, I really think I can find it in the choices of this world. And it's like, well, you're free to try as many as you like. There's no one lording over you and saying, don't do that. It's like through the seeking and not finding that the mind seems to come into a state of disillusionment, like it tries it in many ways. I think that can even happen with manifesting, where you seem to use the power of your mind to manifest. But you can manifest so many different things. And you have what the world would call abundance in so many ways on its terms. And there's still this little splinter of dissatisfaction, discontent, even with all of that great manifesting. It's still there. So that's what we're saying, that just drives you even more quickly to this idea that it can't really be found in the decisions of the images or the decisions of the world. But there is a higher choice. It's available. We could call it enlightenment or self-realization, self-actualization. Abraham Maslow said when you get the survival needs met and the emotional needs, you work your way up to more like being needs. And there's this deeper choice that will satisfy. And we talked about it last night a little bit. We called it forgiveness, but not forgiveness in the typical terms, forgiving what somebody did to you or what you did to somebody else. But more just, aha, escape from a misperception. Like, whoa, I was mistaken about all of it, not just what the reaction was or what this sequence of events was or this one thing. But actually, wow, I was really mistaken about all of it. I was mistaken about the way that it was set up. We could say that would be what's behind the set up, seeing, thank God I was mistaken about the set up. So once you start to realize that the range is set between true happiness and upset, which could be sadness or anger, depression, envy, jealousy, shame, guilt, upset can take many forms. Irritation, even. The range is set between irritation and love, happiness, peace, and joy between annoyance and love, happiness, peace, and joy, that there is just two thought systems that you're dealing with and life becomes a lesson in discernment. Which advisor am I listening to? Which choice am I making right now is really what it boils down to?


What do I have to ask him to do? This is John, Dr. John Merrigarcia. This is Calvin Hange, police, help us in the world, right? Because you know I'm on the slot of the world. Oh, I'm calm. Look at this. He used to be the chief of police at UC Davis. This is Marilyn Mays. He said he's for the pepper spray. I'm excited. And this is Marilyn Hange, one of the most conscious world sisters. She's my sanctosa, sis. With five kids, he's a living life sister who's up here. He's been through much like me in Spanish horizons. And this is Reverend Jefferson. He pastors the oldest African-American church in Woodland, Second Baptist Church. And I have never been to a Bible study where we're talking about things like about white supremacy and systemic historical constructs, ism. I was like, my mouth was hanging open. I was like, Jesus, I found my Bible study group. You know, I haven't been able to be for a minute. So we're happy to happen. So what I'm going to ask him to do, is he, BSU, stood for Bold, Strong and United, a beautiful Strong and United. I'm sorry, your hand gets twisted at the end. So I asked him to each just share a minute what that theme means to them. BSU, Bold, Strong and United. And then I'm going to ask him a couple of questions and you have the opportunity to ask these brilliant people, all of whom I respect. I know Dr. Jan Herring, RC, I know Calvin. I know all of these people are super busy, so take advantage of it. Everyone say, I'm ashamed. Okay, so just a minute, really brief. Would you share what that theme means to you, Bold, Strong and United? What might that mean to you if you think about our community? And we'll start with Jan since I just put him up so he can think about it a bit. And if you don't mind sharing that, we'll be great. Okay, so I'm not quite sure if I'm old enough to be up here but out of my head as an elder. Let me say, yeah. So thank you. I've been thinking about it since Sandy asked us to reflect on that. And for me, I come to community, to my relationships, Bold and United because of my relationship with Jesus. I met him when I was 16, a part-time church, love church. And I remember my home was built on nothing less than Jesus' blood and righteousness. I dare not trust his sweetest brain with holy name on Jesus' name. I come from that tradition. My grandfather was an AME pastor minister and he was president of the NAACP in Charleston, South Carolina in the 40s and 50s. And he told my mom I never met him. I'm not working for myself. I'll never see the changes. I'm working for my children and my grandchildren. And that's crazy to me because that's me. So I can't stop building a community. And as my uncle said, bringing the gifts that our ancestors gave me, I really do see myself in my children and all the children. I am the hope and the dream of this life. So at that, because I have fewer years ahead of me than I have behind me, that's true. I like to think about that and look forward. What keeps me going is all that brought me to this point and then what I'm building for others going forward. I want to be someone who advances the people. Advances the people. I want to be someone my people don't have to fix things. No, I can catch back up again. I'm going to put us back on my trap. I want to have really led in a way that is consistent with the dignity and hope of our ancestors. In my case, as you know, I'm an African-American male and I was raised in a Baptist church sometimes when I was home with my mom and then an advanced church went out to other places. So I came up with two different churches. And I think that what I would say that I was sheltered from a lot of life until a certain age. But at a certain point, you've got to be in the world and you've got to be a part of it. And so when I heard all of the atrocities and things that were happening, the black people had still happened.  Do it until someone tries to stop you and then you can overcome that barrier. So I think that in bold and beautiful, you've got to really believe in yourself even in a system or society to some extent, not fully or anything, but where that may not have been sent possible, it is possible. But whatever you want to do is possible. I really wanted to be a music teacher. I ended up being a police chief. And I'm really clandest, actually, because I found out some things about myself that I did not know. I enjoy serving the community. I enjoy protecting people. I take it very seriously. And the number one issue with that is that you have to be a part of the people and if you're not, you are lost. Coming from the Bay Area, I have never seen that to visit like that in my whole life until that's something that I have great respect for and I'm really glad to be here today. United States of America. To me, my son died a couple of months ago and I lived in my life to be able to raise the United States of America that still care, that still love, that was still kind and still patient and all of those things and the one of my sons that was born and loving was the one that got me decided to go. So I got to be bold. I'm a black woman in America. I'm kind. Because I don't know anything else. I was raised by Amelia June Knitz and that's who she was. And she was born in Marysville, California and they didn't like us up there either y'all but she was both kind, loving and my friends are on this panel today and I'm wondering what I can share to those that are coming after me I want to share to those that are here with me now you young sisters, be bold. Be kind. Be loving. Be black. Teach your children well. Teach them to be bold. To be kind. I will be loving in America. So first and all y'all let me say that if you want to ask that we do this and thinking it was they will ask me what was not the best what was not the best put the mic up. Put the mic up. Who was it? Oh, it was not in Arkansas. Arkansas has a way of teaching of children of who they are. Put the mic up. It has a way of teaching children who they are and inspire in them to go further. In 1968 I was inspired with Dr. Martin Luther King he impressed on me that everybody was important and had a contribution to make is that everybody from a base black to a triple white had something to contribute and then secondly then secondly a few months ago I was once again inspired by one of the founding fathers of black theology and Dr. James Cohn who impressed on me that you cannot use the accomplishments of the path but you must interpret of this hour have any work to make those changes. So I want to ask everybody to be patient with us. We're going to go over about 15 minutes because I want you to hear their brilliance and you can ask a couple questions to donate money by drink visit the vendors one last time or the outside too. So this is a treat and we don't get to have this much collective brilliance together at the same time. So the first question I want to ask and I am going to ask you to give right to your point so that we can have people ask you some questions too is what is it going to take to make our society more equitable and just and systemically more something in your opinion what does it take and I'm going to start with Calvin and then Marilyn and then Jan and then Reverend. Well I wish I knew the answer but I can tell you what I think about equality and why we have more or less of it and I think it's just I think it's part of it is we live in a society that's founded a certain way and you have to understand that and be able to cope with that but I think it's what I said earlier you have to have something in front of you that you want to do and let nothing stop you from doing it. Thank you. Karen, but for me the most important piece of this is honesty and truth. Because what we do is we make people feel good you know what I'm saying they ask a question and we don't want to hurt somebody's feelings so we may not tell them what it is that we're feeling in that moment. We got to learn to be able to speak our and I mean our truth and it might hurt somebody's feelings but we can do it nicely I can say to you I don't want to hurt your feelings Calvin but I got to tell you something that's true about you and I wish people would come to me and honestly make that assessment and speak to me in truth because most people think I'm a little hard to handle so when they come to me being handling me with kids gloves but if you really want to handle me you got to come to me with honesty in truth and if we do that then we can begin to believe that there's an opportunity for us to go the next mile holding one another's hand I have someone sitting in the audience right now and the people would say would not be my best friend but I'm going to tell you that she has walked with me down past that no one else would walk and has held my hand in ways that no one else would hand and most people think I don't like white people hi Leanne so what I need to say is just be bold be honest and again you are part of my tribe if you care about all people and the ones of us who are being treated the worst and Anne is a European American sister and she is walking my sister so she's a sister to me so you don't have to be from the African diaspora to be in my tribe but you have to show me that you care about all people like Anne is doing so first of all simply the uniting of people with common causes there must be some motivation for our continuation in common causes or one of those ok so listen this is a little mini panel appetizer because we're hoping to do a community panel I haven't talked to Scott yet where people have a chance to come together for a movie entertainment just a little mini version of this but basically mostly the focus on the panel and I already let these guys know with exception of Reverend which I'd like to let them know that we're going to do this in a fuller way so this is a chance for you to ask brilliant people questions and I'm going to chime in myself because this is the work I spend my whole life doing so you have a question about what's going on in our community and the question not a sharing right now because of our time that would be great I would love you to come up on the mic and be bold I would say at the end is the diamard of the levels of people there's a young man right there who's going to ask the panel a question if you go ahead if you want to have a dream what kind of dream would you have out of the mouth so great I love that we would like to take that on Janet I'm sorry I'm starting to she's like family down and I keep calling her doctor but she's Janet so in the sense of how our country could get along better I mean there's lots of kind of journeys right I've got a dream of the ocean but that's not what you're talking about so I think we need to miss those back to the question about reparations we have to be very clear about and very honest about the truth that's happened from the beginning and to be very practical and to see in the next couple of years this high school graduation requirement to have completed the course of the studies to have a California high school diploma and that's the beginning of truth that will set us free so we're not making decisions based on mythology and a narrative that is much more informed than what I would just anyone else want to respond to that question I have a question about a young teen the audience anyone else what's your dream my dream would be an educational system that would correct of an educational system that would include an educational system because as long as we're going to work with what we got in my perspective it's not going to change anything because what we do is every several years we go back and we try to do it over again the same way we started to do it that the first time and obviously there was something wrong because we've been going through this for a hundred years and the African American child is still alive so if we were even in the middle then I could say educational system was doing something but the our children continue to be on the wild so we're just going to keep on going back into these schools saying that's the school but we're not getting ready to throw the baby out with the bath water we're going to have fun I read someone said the poorest person in the world is the person that have no dream it would be my dream that people would dream and never work diligently to make those dreams come true come on we'll take one more question because of our time this is a mini panel we want to do a fuller panel with some of the people up here on this stage and so I can't tell you the cumulative brilliance is above them so I hope you take your advantage and ask a question he's going to respond to the young man's question and I think you have an excellent question and so I go back to the basics for me what I would, what my dream would be is called the Golden Rule you know do unto others as you would have been doing to yourself and I think that's big if we could halfway there it would be something worth accomplishing great question and I just want to say does anyone else have any more questions for now anybody else because we are a little over time so I'm going to answer that question too I have a dream that all of you would learn about systemic historical constructs, policies and practices that have unfairly privileged my white brothers and sisters to this day I have a dream that you would read a book and go to communities and see what people who are being targeted with them are going through I have a dream that you would understand that it's not because they're done it's not because they're not working hard enough because if it was black people would be the richest people in this world, the western world wealth is built on their backs from slavery I have a dream that you would know that I have a dream that you would love me and care about me as much as you care about your own that when you see those babies being slaughtered on TV that you wouldn't say things like they shouldn't have stole that candy bar I look for a reason to justify the injustice and the murder that is being done to many young people I have a dream I have a dream that you would understand that we are at the boiling point of a preface of having a global situation that is an extreme mess because of the intent of social media so that hate those isms all those things that you're seeing are spreading like the most deadly virus and we are in trouble and you're talking to an optimistic positive loving person I have a dream that you would understand that regardless of whether you are black or white or brown or blue or my favorite color purple you would realize that you are accountable for people who look like me you are accountable for people who have suffered like me for centuries you are accountable to people who have made it so you can have the cushy lives that you have here in Davis and beyond my people brown and black and all people but my people especially have paid a deep price and they are dying like flies in 2019 I have a dream that you would wake up and do something about it and I have a dream because that's a brilliant question young man that we would make sure our babies are getting an equitable education as Jan and Marilyn have talked about that we would make sure our babies are not being profiled I don't hate all police I have a lot of them shared I don't hate idiots I just want them to fix the culture it's a culture thing and do the same toxic stuff it's called eternalized oppression for my brothers and sisters of color I have a dream that you would understand that if you are not aware of the systemic constructs, polities and the isms that are affecting your life then you are going to be our worst enemy to our own community loving Africa does not mean that you don't love other people loving your history and your culture does not mean that you don't care about other people society is telling you not to like yourself with skin color combing your hair I'm not against however you want to look like but if it makes you not like who you are then I'm against it I have a dream that all of us would collectively wake up as a community and realize that the love that this purple AK lady has is based on a real love I'm not human enough to tell you the truth I'm not human enough to let you know that I'm going to spend the rest of my waking day fighting for justice fighting for people's right to thrive not just to survive and waking up my other brothers and sisters who have so much privilege and who are not doing anything because it ain't happening to me attitude and they're not doing anything and sitting at home comfortable and retired folks you don't have the right to retire right now this is all all hands on board it is so good stop that there y'all and I have a dream that people understand it's not enough most of you do so I'm not screaming at you but I gotta be real with you my babies who I love so much for me those babies are 35 and under and they are of every view I'm mama to many babies not white babies, not Asian babies, not brown I'm a mama to them all in a dark sort of a way but I need you to know that your brown and black babies are suffering the most they're going through everything that all the other babies go through but because of that historical stuff they are suffering I have a dream that you would come out of retirement and if you're working that you would dedicate a portion of your time to do something to give back to our communities our babies are suffering suicide rates our skyrocketing our belief deaths and again I'm not saying to everyone just outhanding these are fine there's all kinds of good ones out there doing it we had a fire department here earlier I love them to death Natalie Carone who was killed that sister was going to revolutionize police and she had a heart story and I loved that I'm going to be one and I'm like oh my god I have a dream and I'm going to say this that we would come out of our corners stop fighting and sit down and have this hard conversation whether it's working or not I was telling my brother Will here I know that we're going to save people that I love so much we got to sit down with the people who are willing to sit with us and figure this out they have the power for centuries whether it's in economics the core system education our political system I'm sorry yes we need to be doing our own thing and by all means do it but if you stop talking to those people who have so many of our babies they are going to drown as opposed to just all in a seat so young men ladies and gentlemen I'm going to say I love myself I'm going to say I'm tremendous intern you're still here stand up I'm going to thank the committee I'm going to thank the committee is Megan still here please Megan and Katrina Michael Grimm the sound man Mike Chappelle by the way this is not just a DJ this is not just a sound man this brother's out there working in schools doing a fine program he's out there making a difference I love this man with all my heart and I want to say to you this was not easy to do because you know how it is people forget we're interacting with hundreds of people they're interacting with us and so we get stuff late we get stuff late in the morning oh my god my head is going to explode and I love everybody he is doing some power from the power of the future stop would you please stand up hey would you guys stand up Katrina and she's in there and all of our marvelous bringers I want to thank Dr. Stammer Garcia look I believe in God I see him in his miracles I have a feeling when we get to the other side everyone's going to be surprised I don't think there's only one way that God just going to say that but I haven't said that any bottle study that talks about the real issues I'm there so from that note I want to say to you all thank you for coming again thank you Michael Brim and Mike Chappelle I want to thank all of our bringers it's not too late please one last push to go buy something go outside you guys just cost a lot of money and this is how to support it buy a raffle ticket because we're about to call some tickets this is your last call to go buy some raffle tickets because we're going to call these prizes and I'm going to ask God and Lexis to come up here let's give them all another hand thank you for coming today I mean you talked about holding talent and keeping this captain in the heart procedure earlier it was a joke I love you all with all of my heart my dream is you would know that my dream is that you would next year bring your whole family so this place is still packed out that we can learn and enjoy together and again I'm going to call out some tickets where's Lexis Lexis to pay my incredible co-host Sarah where are my interns come up here all of you please I want to thank you all the interns that are still here tail please please we don't have come on up give them a big hand come on up stop make it please come on up families that are helping more please so support my babies some of them are graduating they need jobs bring them back tickets up Hank is an L3 who cares about our community Megan you know the phone that y'all are having in the kitchen Megan my sister she's a soul sister now she helped me work out together at the last minute Megan, Caitlin and Lou and they're going to give a hand I give direction to Tia, Sarah and Lexis because she's a great job again as you can see and please forgive me they are my baby and they represent different parts of the world and I'm going to be honest with you Scott with everyone we could not do this event without this guy they were great friends I was loving when they were nine they had to deal with all my shenanigans as you know what baby we're going to give them a timeline but they just lost one loved one which was good with that so we're going to work with them until they give them stuff and that's what I'm going to tell you it drives you crazy Scott his willingness to get the program stuff for the last minute that's not how you operate just so you know when we do the international festival 3,000 to 5,000 people you have deadline your stuff will get in all of these people here have made it that tale walking in a fashion show for the first time I just thought he was wonderful Nora on the end one of the most, I'm sorry I'm going to thank her because I'm going to release some of them Nora on the end one of the most powerful sisters that I know she is brilliant brilliant Taylor also is an artist he's amazing these two I only have them they were working with Megan and Megan your food cat so I just love other things too Alexis, Sarah who are the other people that where's Patty? come here Patty where is she? my little short patty I can't see her I mean again they made this possible they supported the committee they did hours and hours of work that's why this has been so beautiful 10 a.m. at Red Sheet and Nadia these sisters here these are your future failure producers they, wait till you see our documentary across the dark with that the thing I did on that thing it is going to make you go hmm okay so I want to say thank you Ann oh my god that sign you see up there that's the art team that's Laura Taylor and who am I missing helping out the left and she had a lead and there's someone else they made that gene tea sign they put those Greek symbols all around them please give them all a big hand Megan Megan Scott thank you for coming I want to call you guys come up and call the tickets you guys stay here someone is about to win some prizes and let's just thank you thank you all man rock old I don't know what's in here but it's good it's worth a food talk our game is food talk everybody I've known Sadie for over 20 years now she will work you to death come on she will work you to death she will work you out come here so I just want to thank Sandy today and I want everybody in here to thank Sandy at home